| Notes |
- RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,†Douglas Richardson (2013):
“RICHARD OF ENGLAND, Knt., Earl of Cornwall, Count of Poitou, Lieutenant of Guienne, 1226-7, Keeper of Castle and Honour of Wallingford, 1230-1, Lord of the Manor, Castle, and Honour of Knaresborough, 1235, Lord of the Manor and Castle of Lideford, 1239, Commander-in-Chief of the Crusaders, 12/10 1, Privy Councillor, 1253, Joint Guardian of England, 1253, 2nd son, born at Winchester Castle 5 Jan. 1209. He was knighted by his brother, King Henry III, 2 Feb. 1224/5. He was granted the honour of Launceston, Cornwall in 1225 and the honour of Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire in 1229. He fought for his brother in Brittany in 1230. He married (1st) at Fawley, Buckinghamshire 30 March 1231 ISABEL MARSHAL, widow of Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Gloucester, 5th Earl of Hertford [see CLARE 6], and 2nd daughter of William Marshal, Knt., 4th Earl of Pembroke (or Striguil), hereditary Master Marshal, by Isabel, daughter of Richard Fitz Gilbert (nicknamed Strongbow), 2nd Earl of Pembroke (or Striguil) [see MARSHAL 3 for her ancestry]. She was born at Pembroke Castle 9 October 1200. They had four children (see below). He was granted the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire by his brother, King Henry III, on the occasion of his marriage. In 1232-3 he fought in Wales against Llywelyn ap Iorwerth. In 1237 he openly rebuked his brother the king for his greed and maladmininistration. He was on an embassy to Emperor Frederick in 1237. By March 1233 he had driven Llywelyn back and strongly fortified Radnor Castle. His wife, Isabel, died testate at Berkharnpstead, Hertfordshire in childbed of jaundice 17 Jan. 1239/40. Her body was buried at Beaulieu Abbey, Hampshire, her bowels went to Missenden, and her heart was sent to Tewkesbury Abbey for burial in her 1st husband's grave. In 1240 he left for the Holy Land on crusade, in the company of a large number of English knights and nobles. In 1241 he negotiated a treaty with the sultan of Krak, by which many French captives were restored to liberty. He fought in Poitou in 1242-3. He married (2nd) at Westminster Abbey 23 Nov. 1243 (by contract dated 17 July 1242) SANCHE (or SANCHIA, SENCHIA) OF PROVENCE, 3rd daughter and co-heiress of Raymond Berenger V, Count and Marquis of Provence, Count of Forcalquier, by Beatrice, daughter of Thomas (or Tommaso) 1, Count of Savoy, Marquis in Italy. She was the sister of Eleanor of Provence, wife of his brother, King Henry III of England [see ENGLAND 6]. She was born about 1225 at Aix-en-Provence. They had two sons (see below). In Dec. 1243 the king demanded a written renunciation of any rights that Richard might possess in Ireland or Gascony, together with an explicit disclaimer of the award that had been made at Saintes. In return, Richard was confirmed in possession of Cornwall and of the honours of Wallingford and Eye. In 1244 he negotiated a treaty with Scotland and sat on the committee to investigate baronial grievances against the crown. The same year he was granted the honour of Bradninch, Devon. In 1245 he allowed his nephew the Welsh rebel, Dafydd ap Llywelyn, to take shelter at Tintagel Castle in Cornwall. In 1246, together with King Henry III, he sought unsuccessfully to oppose the efforts of Charles of Anjou, husband of Sanche's younger sister, Beatrice, to claim the entire dominion of Count Raymond Berengar V of Provence. He served as principal governor of the royal mint between 1247 and 1258, during which period he organized the first complete recoinage since 1180. In 1247 he presented to the churches of Arnbrosden, Horspath, and Brightwell. He was Joint Plenipotentiary to France and Ambassador to Pope Innocent IV in 1250. In 1252 he determined the amount of Simon de Montfort's expenses while lieutenant in Gascony. He served as Regent of England in 1253-4, 1264, and de facto 1270-2. He was elected King of the Romans (also styled King of Almain) 13 Jan. 1256/7, and was crowned at Aachen 17 May 1257. He failed to establish his authority in Germany, however, was soon dispossessed, and returned to England in Jan. 1259. In 1260 he mediated between the Earl of Gloucester and the Lord Edward and the king. In April 1261 he was elected senator of Rome for life, a purely honorary title which he made no attempt to exercise in person, and in which he was subsequently supplanted by Charles of Anjou. His wife, Sanche (or Sanchia), died at Berkharnpstead, Hertfordshire 9 Nov. 1261. In 1263 he secured a temporary truce after war had broken out between his brother the king and the English barons. In 1264, when conflict became inevitable, he supported his brother. He was taken prisoner with his brother at the Battle of Lewes 14 May 1264. After the Battle of Evesham 4 August 1265, he was released and his lands restored. He married (3rd) at Kaiserslautern, Germany 16 June 1269 BEATRICE DE FALKENBURG (or FAUQUEMONT), daughter of Dietrich II de Falkenburg, seigneur of Montjoye, by Berta, daughter of Walrarn of Limburg, seigneur of Montjoye. They had no issue. By an unknown mistress (or mistresses), he had several illegitimate children, including three sons, Philip (clerk), Richard, Knt., and Walter, Knt., and one daughter, Joan. He presented to the church of St. Stithian's, Cornwall in 1268. In 1270 he purchased from Roger de Vautort the honour of Trematon, Cornwall, consisting of 60-1/2 knights' fees, including the Castle and manor of Trematon, Cornwall and the manor and advowson of Calstock, Cornwall. RICHARD, King of the Romans, Earl of Cornwall, died testate at Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire 2 (or 3) April 1272, and was buried with his 2nd wife, Sanche, at Hailes Abbey, Gloucestershire, his heart being interred in the choir of the Church of the Grey Friars, Oxford. His widow, Beatrice, died testate 17 October 1277, and was buried before the high altar at the Church of the Grey Friars, Oxford.
Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 95-100. Morice Mems. pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 876 (letter of Richard, Count of Poitou & [Earl of] Cornwall). Rymer Fædera 1 (1816): 484 ("Richard de Romeyns" styled "uncle" by King Edward I of England). Kennett Parochial Antiqs. of Ambrosden, Burcester 1 (1818): 297-299 (charters of Richard, Earl of Cornwall), 300, 327, 332-333, 353-354, 358, 409. Lysons & Lysons Magna Britannia 6 (1822): 306-326. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 315-321. Burke Dict. of the Peerages ... Extinct, Dormant & in Abeyance (1831): 421-422. Gilbert Parochial Hist. of Cornwall 3 (1838): 448-449. Coll. Top. et Gen. 8 (1843): 120-122 (two charters of Richard, King of the Romans). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 19-20. Brewer Monumenta Franciscana 1 (Rolls Ser. 4) (1858): 292 (letter to S[anche], Countess of Cornwall). Wurstemberger Peter der Zweite, Graf von Savoyen, Markgref in Italien 4 (1858): 86-87, 90. Oliver Hist. of Exeter (1861): 280-281 (charters of Richard, King of the Romans). Riley Chrons. of the Mayors & Sheriffs of London (1863): 140-141 (Richard, King of the Romans and Almain, Earl of Cornwall styled "dear cousin and friend" [karissimo consanguineo suo et amico] by Philippe III, King of France in 1271). Shirley Royal & Other Hist. Letters Ill. of King Henry III 2 (Rolls Ser. 27) (1866): 101-102 & 106-107 (letters of Richard, Earl of Cornwall), 132-133 (Richard, King of the Romans, styled "brother" [fratri] by King Henry III of England), 174-175, 193-194 & 197-198 (letters of Richard, King of the Romans). Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Chartes 2 (1866): 122-123. Luard Annales Monastici 4 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1869): 72 (Annals of Oseney sub A.D. 1231 - "Eodem anno venit Willelmus Marescallus de Britannia, et dedit sororem suam comitissam Gloucestriæ Ricardo comiti Cornubiæ, fratri regis, in conjugium"), 223-224 (Annals of Oseney sub A.D. 1269 - "Eodem anno et eodem tempore idem Ricardus rex Alemanniæ, quinto idus Junii [9 June], duxit in uxorem quandam nobilem puellam et decoram valde, nomine Beatricem de Falkestan, qua propter ejus pulchritudinem vocabatur gemma mulierum"), 248 (Annals of Oseney sub A.D. 1272- "Eodem anno quarto nonas Aprilis 12 April] apud castrum de Berkamestede obiit Ricardus rex Alemanniæ, et sepultus est in abbatia de Hailes, quam a fundamentis sumptibus sins construxerat."). Matthew of Paris Matthai Paririensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum 3 (Rolls Ser. 44) (1869): 280 (sub A.D. 1239: "Obiit Ysabella, Comubiae comitissa, in partus discrimine."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Notes & Queries 5th Ser. 2 (1874): 431; 5th Ser. 3 (1875): 209-211. Maclean Hist. of Trigg Minor 1 (1876): 189-190 (obit at Grey Friars, Bodmin, Cornwall: "Richardus Rex Almaniæ obiit 3 die Aprilis"). Stow Survey of London (1876): 134. Arch. Jour. 34 (1877): 180-186 (charter of Richard, Earl of Poitou and Cornwall dated 1256) ("He [Richard] was for a time heir to the throne, and always exercised great influence in the affairs of the kingdom ... He was a far wiser man than his brother, who seems to have consulted him on many occasions, although they were often at variance. Wallingford ... was his chief seat, where he lived with great splendour ... The seal [on the charter] is imperfect, but what remains is well cut and clear ... On the upper side ... is a knight on horseback galloping to the proper left. He wears a loose plaited surcoat, girdled at the waist, and with the skirt freely flawing backwards, shewing the right leg from the knee in armour, apparently mail, with a prick-spur. The right arm, in mail, is extended backwards, and holds upright a long straight sword. Above the upper edge of the surcoat is seen the throat, closely fitted with mail, and on the head a flat-topped helmet. The left arm is covered with a heater shield, with conceals the breast and bears a lion rampant, with probably a border. The saddle is raised below and behind, and the two girths cross saltire fashion under the horse's belly. Over the knight's right shoulder is a narrow embossed belt, for sword or dagger. The horse is cut with great freedom, and does not appear to be in armour. The legend is: `SIGIL[LUM RICARDI COMITIS CORNU]BIE.' Upon the obverse is large, bold heater shield, about two inches high, bearing a lion rampant within a plain border, charged with fourteen roundels. Round and behind the shield is scroll work of an early English character. The legend, in place of the usual cross, commences with a crescent `SIG[ILLVM] RICARDI COMITIS [CORN]UBIE.' It is remarkable that Richard did not bear the arms of England, but those of Poictou. 'Argent, a lion rampant gules, crowned or,' which he placed within ‘a border sable, bezantée,' derived from the old Earls of Cornwall, and thus, as was not unusal, represented both his earldoms on his shield."). Table chronologique des Chartes et Diplômes imprimis concernant Belgique 5 (1877): 385-386 (Baudouin d'Avesnes [seigneur of Beaumont] styled "cher cousin et vassal" by Richard, King of the Romans in 1267). Genealogist 3 (1879): 225-230. Antiq. 2 (1880): 273; 21 (1890): 232. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 231 (Ex Brevi Historia Comitum Provinciæ: "Idelfonsus autem Comes Provinciæ factus Gersendem neptem Comitis Folcalquerii in uxorem duxit, ex qua Berengarium-Raimundus ultimum Comitem Catalonum habuit, qui in uxorem habuit filiam ducis Sabaudi, in cujus Berengarii minibus Nicentini juramentum fidelitatum præstiterunt sub anno MCCXXIX, die nona mensis novembris. Et hic Berengarius fuit famosus pulchritudine quatuor filiarum suarem, videlicit Sanciæ tertio geniti, quam Richardo, Cornubiæ Duci, et demum, deposito Federico, creato Imperatori, in matrimonium dedit ..."). Clark Earls, Earldom, & Castle of Pembroke (1880): 69-75. Clark Land of Morgan (1883): 64-92. Francisque-Michel Rôles Gascons 1 (1885): 158. Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 436-437 (sub Cornwall). Hart & Lyons Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia 2 (Rolls Ser. 79) (1886): 330-331 (charter of Richard, Earl of Cornwall, to Ramsey Abbey). Clark Survey of the Antiqs. of Word 1 (1889): 366; 2 (1890): 295-297, 299, 303, 383-384, 407-408, 415, 417, 434. Hingeston-Randolph Regs. of Walter Bronescombe & Peter Quivil (1889): 178, 200 (charters of Richard, Earl of Cornwall and Poitou). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 338 (seal of Richard, Earl of Cornwall, Count of Poitou before 1257 - To the right. In armour: hauberk of mail, coif, flat-topped helmet with vizor down, sword, shield of arms slung by the strap round the neck. Horse galloping with ornamental breast-band, crossed girths, and embroidered saddle. For the arms see the reverse. Legend: SIG[ILLVM :] RICARDI : COMITIS : PICTAVIE Reverse. On a background of foliage forming a tree of three branches elegantly designed with fruit in clusters, a shield of arms: a lion rampant crowned, POITOU, within a bordure bezantee, ANCIENT DUCHY OF CORNWALL. Legend: SIGILLVM : RICARDI : COMITIS : CORNVBIE.), 338 (another seal of Earl Richard dated 1227 - Obverse. To the right. In armour: hauberk of mail, surcoat of arms, flat-topped helmet, sword, convex shield of arms. Horse galloping, caparisoned. Arms as in reverse. Legend: SIGILL'M RICARDI Fl… Reverse. A shield of arms: a lion rampant, crowned, within a bordure charged with nine roundels. The art of this seal is apparently French, and it is of poor workmanship. Legend: …TAVIENSIS.). Misc. Gen. et Heraldica 2nd Ser. 5 (1894): 76-78. Petit Hist. des Ducs de Bourgogne de la Race Capitienne 5 (1894): 278 (Baudouin d'Avesnes styled "cher cousin" [dear cousin] by Richard, King of the Romans, in 1267). Giffard Episc. Reg. Diocese of Worcester, Reg. of Bishop Godfrey Giffard 2(2) (Worcester Hist. Soc. 15) (1899): 91. Wordsworth Ceremonies & Processions of the Cathedral Church of Salisbury (1901): 234 (Obit Kalendar: "1 April - Obitus comitis Cornubie."). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11 (1903): 304-305. Browne Corporation Chrons. (1904): 95 (charter of Richard, Earl of Cornwall). Clark English Reg. of Godstow Nunnery 1 (1905): 264-265 (charters of Richard, King of the Romans), 281 (charter of Richard, Earl of Cornwall). C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 408. Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 5 (1906): 49-61 (Deeds A. 10842, A. 10843). Auvray Registres de Grégoire IX 2 (1907): 977 (Roger, clerk, styled "nephew" [nepoti] of [Henry III] King of England and R[ichard], Earl of Cornwall in 1238); 3 (1908): 132 (papal dispensation dated 1239: "Rogero, clerico, nepoti regis Angliae et Riccardi, comitis Cornubiae, - cum quo olim ipse papa, intuitu devotionis quam praedictus comes Cornubiae, ejus patruus, ..."). Rpt. on MSS in Various Colls. 4 (Hist. MSS Corn. 55) (1907): 68. Baddeley Cotteswold Shrine (1908): 66-67. C.Ch.R. 3 (1908): 489-491 (various charters of Richard, Earl of Cornwall). Reade House of Cornewall (1908). VCH Buckingham 2 (1908): 261-262. D.N.B. 16 (1909): 1051-1061 (biog. of Richard, Earl of Cornwall and King of the Romans) ("... Richard was the only Englishman who attempted to rule the holy Roman empire... He was at all times bountiful to the church."John, Bishop of Lubeck, a contemporary of Richard's, described him as "orthodox, prudent, strenuous, wealthy, well connected, energetic, and moderate."). C.P.R. 1258-1266 (1910): 495 (Richard, king of Almain, styled "king's brother). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 232-240. C.P.R. 1266-1272 (1913): 369 (Richard, king of the Romans, styled "king's brother" [germanus]). C.P. 3 (1913): 244, 430-432 (sub Cornwall); 5 (1926): 694-696 (sub Gloucester); 6 (1926): 503 (sub Hertford); 10 (1945): 364, footnote a. Wall Handbook of the Maude Roll (1919) unpaginated (ped. dated c.1461-85: "Ricardus rex Almanie"). Lambert Bletching 1 (1921): 59-63. VCH Berkshire 3 (1923): 484-492. VCH Buckingham 3 (1925): 45-54. Rpt. on the MSS of Reginald Rawdon Hastings 1 (Hist. MSS Comm. 78) (1928): 276-279. Moor Knights of Edward 12 (H.S.P. 81) (1929): 238 (Richard, Earl of Cornwall: "...'a man of much more enterprise than his brother,' and accounted in his time the peace-maker of Europe... One of the most interesting personages noted in the pages of English history."). English Hist. Rev. 52 (1937): 279-282; 115 (2000): 21-38. Antiqs. Jour. 18 (1938): 142-145 ("A Portrait of Beatrix of Falkenburg"). Leys Sandford Cartulary 1 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 19) (1938): 156 (confirmation charter of Richard, Count of Poitou and Cornwall dated c.1233-4). Gibbs Early Charters of the Cathedral Church of St. Paul (Camden Soc. 3rd Ser. 58) (1939): 140-142. Lawrance Docs. Heraldry from Military Monuments before 1350 (H.S.P. 98) (1946): 11. Denholm-Young Richard of Cornwall (1947). Speculum 23 (1948): 81-101. Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 306-307 (charter of Richard, King of the Romans dated 1262). Dunham Casus Placitorum & Rpts. of Cases in the King's Courts 1272-1278 (Selden Soc. 69) (1952): 59-64 ("Henry, Count of Luxembourg [?]," styled uncle of Beatrice de Falkenburg). Williams Collectanea (Wiltshire Arch. & Natural Hist. Soc. Recs. Branch 12) (1956): 87, 113-114. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 9-10, 14, 20-21, 60, 62-64, 90-91, 93. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Richard as Earl of Cornwall: Argent, a lion rampant gules crowned or within a bordure sable bezanty; arms of Richard as King of the Romans: The same, the shield suspended from the beak of a single-headed eagle), 93. Hull Cartulary of St. Michael's Mount (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 5) (1962): 32 (charter of Richard, King of the Romans dated 1265). VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102. Tremlett et al. Rolls of Arms Henry III (H.S.P. 113-4) (1967): 192-193 (Cornwall arms: Argent a lion rampant gules crowned or a bordure sable besanty or). Chancery Miscellanea Vol. III (List & Index Soc. 26) (1967): 167. Ancient Deeds - Ser. B 2 (List & Index Soc. 101) (1974): B.8659. Hockey Beaulieu Cartulary (Southampton Recs. Ser. 17) (1974): 202 (charter of Richard, Count of Poitou, Earl of Cornwall dated 1240-2; charter granted for the soul of his late wife, Isabel, Countess of Gloucester), 217-218. Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15-16. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 6 (1978): 22 (sub Valkenburg). Ancient Deeds - Ser AS & WS (List & Index Soc. 158) (1979): 5 (Deed A.S.22), 99 (Deed A.S.530). Ancient Deeds - DD Ser. (List & Index Soc. 200) (1983): 312. Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987) 12. Rosser Medieval Westminster 1200-1540 (1989): 25. Williamson Kings & Queens of England (1991): 66. Brand Earliest English Law Rpts. 1 (Selden Soc. 111) (1996): 21-27 (Henry, Count of Lutenburg', styled "uncle" [avunculi] by Beatrice de Falkenburg). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 61-65. Duggan Queens & Queenship in Medieval Europe (1997): 76-77. Tyerman Who's Who in Early Medieval England 1066-1272 (2001): 324-329 (biog. of Richard, Earl of Cornwall: "His career exemplifies the ambition and reality of Angevin rule in the mid-thirteenth century. Politically, his contacts with the higher nobility and his proximity and influence over the king made him a ubiquitous arbiter of potentially damaging disputes between nobles and the crown. Richard was almost a sort of a vice-king ... Richard had little consistent political philosophy ... Some saw Richard as a trickster, a man who would do anything for the right price. Nonetheless, Richard's influence lent an element of cohesion to English politics. For a few years it seemed possible that it would be possible to persuade the pope to crown him emperor ... although crowned king of the Romans (i.e., emperor designate) at Aachen in May 1257, he was never more than king of the Rhineland and even that was largely honorific, his four brief visits (1257-9, 1260, 1262-3, 1268-9) having more ceremonial than political significance."). Gee Women, Art & Patronage from Henry III to Edward III: 1216-1377 (2002): 168-169.
Children of Richard of England, by Isabel Marshal:
i. JOHN OF CORNWALL, born at Great Marlow, Buckinghamshire 31 Jan. 1231/2, died there 22 Sept. 1232, buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 98. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 315-321. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 19-20. Antiq. 21 (1890): 232. Misc. Gen. et Heraldica 2nd Ser. 5 (1894): 76-78. Reade House of Cornwall (1908). C.P. 3 (1913): 432 (sub Cornwall). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 61-65.
ii. ISABEL OF CORNWALL, born at Great Marlow, Buckinghamshire about 9 Sept 1233, died 6 October 1234, buried by the side of her brother, John, at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 99. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 19-20. Antiq. 21 (1890): 232. Misc. Gen. et Heraldica 2nd Ser. 5 (1894): 76-78. Reade House of Cornewall (1908). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 61-65.
iii. HENRY OF CORNWALL, Knt. (usually styled HENRY OF ALMAIN), Constable of Corfe Castle, 2nd but 1st surviving son, born at Haughley Castle, Suffolk 2 Nov. 1235. In 1247 and also in 1250 he accompanied his father on trips to France. He was knighted by his father at Aachen 18 May 1257. In 1260 he became a regular partisan of Simon de Montfort. In June 1263 he was arrested at Boulogne and imprisoned by Enguerrand de Fiennes. On 23 August 1263, he was again in England, and was sent to treat with Llywelyn of Wales. In Sept. 1263 he was again sent to France. On his return, he joined Prince Edward, under whose strong influence he remained the rest of the baronial war. He was taken prisoner with his father at the Battle of Lewes 14 May 1264. He was released 4 Sept. 1264, and was allowed under stringent conditions to go to France to treat with King Louis. He and his brother, Edmund, witnessed two charters of their father to Burnham Abbey, one dated 1266. He married at Windsor, Berkshire 15 May 1269 CONSTANCE DE BEARN, Countess of Bigorre, Vicomtesse of Marsan, widow of Alfonso, Infante of Aragon (died before 25 March 1260), and 1st daughter and co-heiress of Gaston VII, Vicomte of Beam, lord of Montcada and Castelvielh, by his 1st wife, Mathe (or Mate), Vicomtesse of Marsan, daughter of Bozon de Matha, Count of Bigorre, seigneur of Cognac. They had no issue. Between May and August 1269 he was engaged at Paris in the negotiation of terms with Louis IX for the Lord Edward's participation in the forthcoming crusade, and in August 1270 he sailed with Edward's crusading army. He went first to Gascony, where he left his wife, and thence proceeded to Aigues Mortes, where he joined his cousin, Prince Edward. They arrived at Tunis to find King Louis of France dead, and a peace made with the infidels. Early in 1271 he was sent north by Edward to accompany the funeral cortege of King Louis. Edward commissioned Henry to return to the west to settle the disorderly affairs of Gascony. Henry accompanied the kings of France and Spain in their journey through southern and central Italy. They arrived at Viterbo on 9 March. SIR HENRY OF ALMAIN was cruelly murdered while attending mass in the church of San Silvestro (now the Chiesa di Gesii) at Viterbo, Italy 13 March 1270/1, by his cousins, Simon and Guy de Montfort. His cold blooded murder excited universal horror. Henry's viscera were buried in the cathedral church of Viterbo 'between two popes.' His bones and heart were conveyed to England. His heart encased in a costly vase was deposited in Westminster Abbey, where it became an object of popular veneration. His bones were buried before the high altar at Hailes Abbey, Gloucestershire. In 1278-9 Robert de Wyston arraigned an assize of mort d'ancestor against his widow, Constance, touching a messuage and land in Wiston, Nottinghamshire. Constance married (3rd) Sept. 1279 (by contract dated at Paris 5 July 1279) (as his 2nd wife) AIMON II, Count of Geneva, and, in right of his 2nd wife, Vicomte of Marsan, son of Rodolph, Count of Geneva, by Marie, daughter of Albert III, seigneur of la Tour-du-Pin and Coligny. They had no issue. He died 18 Nov. 1280. He left a will dated 18 Nov. 1280. In 1280-1 Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, arraigned two assizes of mort d'ancestor against her touching land and rents in Stockwith, Misterton, and Walkeringham, Nottinghamshire. In October 1309 King Edward II of England granted her respite for two years for her debts due to him. Constance de Beam, Viscountess of Marsan, died 25 April 1310. She left a will dated 6 April 1310. Marra Hist. de Beam (1640). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 98. Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 481 (Gaston VII, vicomte of Béarn, styled "cousin"); 1(1) (1816): 478 & 2(2) (1816): 569, 656 (instances of Constance styled "cousin" by King Edward I of England); 2(1) (1818): 214. d'Avezac-Macaya Essais Hist. sur la Bigorre 1 (1823): 253-282. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 315-321. Coll. Top. et Gen. 8 (1843): 120-122. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 7 (1846): 269; 45 (1885): 180; 46 (1886): 220 (Henry of Almain deceased styled "king's cousin" by King Edward I in 1276-7); 48 (1887): 209; 49 (1888): 6; 50 (1889): 215. Green Letters of Royal & Ill. Ladies (1846): 46-47 (Lady Constance [evidently Constance de Beam, widow of Henry of Almain] styled "cousin" by Queen Eleanor of Castile in latter dated 1274/79), 47-50 (letter of Constance of Béarn dated c.1279). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 19-20. Capgrave Liber de Illustribus Henricis (1858): 151-155 (biog. of Henry, son of Richard, King of the Romans). Riley Chrons. of the Mayors & Sheriffs of London (1863): 140-141 (Sir Henry [of Almain] styled "cousin" by Philippe III, King of France, in 1271). Régeste Genevois (1866): 282 (Aimon II, Count of Geneva, styled "cousin" [cosyn] by King Edward I of England in 1279), 284-285 (will of Aimon II, Count of Geneva). Hardy Syllabus (in English) of the Docs. Rel. England & Other Kingdoms 1 (1869): 159. Luard Annales Monastici 4 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1869): 222-223 (Annals of Oseney sub A.D. 1269: "Eodem anno dominus Henricus, filius domini Ricardi regis Alemanniæ, desponsavit filiam Gasti de Bierne apud Windesowre in die Sancti Dunstani, patre suo in Alemannia moram faciente."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Notes & Queries 5th Ser. 2 (1874): 431. Stubbs Hist. Works of Gervase of Canterbury 2 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1880): 206, 215-216, 219, 222, 224, 226, 229, 232, 238, 249. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 44 (1883): 277 (Henry de Almain styled "nephew" [nepos] of William de Valence, Earl of Pembroke in acquittance dated 1275); 45 (1885): 179. Cristofori II conclave del MCCLXX in Viterbo: Passassinio di Enrico di Cornovaglia da Gvido di Monforte (1888): 53 (Henry of Almain styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by Charles I, King of Sicily). Antiq. 21 (1890): 232. Misc. Gen. et Heraldica 2nd Ser. 5 (1894): 76-78. Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général & l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 3 (1899): 392-394. Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 34 (Sir Henry of Almain styled "kinsman" of Edward, son of King Henry III (afterwards King Edward I in letter patent dated 1265). Giffard Reg. of Walter Giffard Archbishop of York (Surtees Soc. 109) (1904): 79 (Sir Henry of Almain styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by Prince Edward [afterwards King Edward I] in letter dated 1268). Bémont Rôles Gascons 3 (1906): 313, 427 & 476 (Constance [de Beam], Vicomtess of Marsan, styled "kinswoman of the king" [consanguinee regis] in 1295, 1304, and 1305). CCh.R 2 (1906): 146 (Henry styled "king's nephew"). C.C.R. 1234-1237 (1908): 340 (B[oson] de Mastak' [Matha], count of Bigorre, styled "kinsman" by King Henry III of England). C.P.R. 1247-1258 (1908): 388 (Henry son of R[ichard] earl of Cornwall styled "king's nephew" in 1254). D.N.B. 9 (1908): 547-551 (biog. of Henry of Cornwall: "... Henry was a good soldier and a man of ability, though somewhat fickle and inconstant"). Reade House of Cornewall (1908). C.P.R. 1258-1266 (1910): 460, 549, 638-639 (instances of Henry "son of the king of Almain" styled "king's nephew"). C.P.R. 1266-1272 (1913): 323. C.P. 3 (1913): 432 (sub Cornwall). Cal. Inqs. Misc. 2 (1916): 385. Wall Handbook of the Maude Roll (1919) unpaginated (ped. dated c.1461-85: "Henricus de Almania"). List of Diplomatic Docs., Scottish Docs. & Papal Bulls (PRO Lists and Indexes 49) (1923): 8. Denholm-Young Richard of Cornwall (1947). Powicke King Henry III & the Lord Edward (1947). Ellis Gaston de Béarn (Univ. of Oxford D.Phil, thesis, 1952). Sanders English Baronies (1960): 147-148. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Henry: A lion rampant and a bordure bezanty; an eagle above the shield and another at each side). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 304-305 (Constance [of Béarn], widow of Henry of Almain, styled "kinswoman" [consanguinee] by Queen Eleanor of Castile in letter dated 1272). Treharne & Sanders Docs. of the Baronial Movement of Reform & Rebellion 1258-1267 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1973): 194-195. Cuttino Gascon Reg. A 1 (1975): 173-182, 186-187; 2 (1975): 454-455, 553, 597-598, 604-605, 608-611 (Henry of Almain and Gaston VII, Vicomte of Béarn, both styled "kinsman" by King Edward I of England), 611-612 (Esquivat II [de Chabanais], Count of Bigorre, styled "kinsman" by Constance), 624-625 (Gaston VII, Vicomte of Béarn, styled "kinsman" by King Edward I of England), 716-717. Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 1 (1978): 54 (seal of Richard, Earl of Cornwall dated 1260 - A shield of arms: a lion rampant wthin a bordure bezanty. Legend: +:S':SECRETI:COMITIS:RICARDI). Hunnisett & Post Medieval Legal Recs. edited in Memory of C. A. F. Meekings (1978). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 70 (sub Aragon); 3(4) (1989): 642 (sub Montfort). Jodar-Galindo Tableaux Géns. des Grands Feudataires 1 (1985). Maddicott "Edward I and the Lessons of Baronial Reform: Local Government, 1258-60" (13th Cent. England 1) (1985): 3 ("The murder of Henry of Almain in church at Viterbo in March 1271 by Guy de Montfort and the young Simon, in revenge for their father's death at Evesham, had shown the depth and savagery of the conflicts engendered by the barons' war."). Rosser Medieval Westminster 1200-1540 (1989): 25. Studd "The Marr. of Henry of Almain and Constance of Béarn" (13th Cent. England 3) (1990). Maddicott Simon de Montfort (1994). Foulds Thurgarton Cartulary (1994): cxxxiii. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 61-65. Howell Eleanor of Provence (1998): 229, 245-246. Crawford Templar of Tyre': Pt. III of the Deeds of the Cypriots' (Crusade Texts in Translation 6) (2003): 46-47. Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (2004-2008) (biog. of Henry of Almain (1235-1271): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/12958).
iv. NICHOLAS OF CORNWALL, born and died at Berkhampstead Jan. 1240, and was buried at Beaulieu Abbey, Hampshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 98. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 315-321. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 19-20. Misc. Gen. et Heraldica 2nd Ser. 5 (1894): 76-78. Antiq. 21 (1890): 232. Reade House of Cornewall (1908). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 61-65.
Children of Richard of England, by Sanche (or Sanchia) of Provence:
i. ___ OF CORNWALL (son), born July 1246, died 15 August 1246. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 61-65.
ii. EDMUND OF CORNWALL (usually styled EDMUND OF ALMAIN), Knt., Earl of Cornwall, of Wallingford, Berkshire, Launceston and Trematon, Cornwall, Bradninch, Devon, Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire, Clopton, Suffolk, etc., Joint and Sole Guardian of the Realm, Sheriff of Cornwall, 1288-1300, Sheriff of Rutland, 1288, Councillor to the Prince of Wales, born about 1 Jan. 1250. He and his brother, Henry, witnessed two charters of their father to Burnham Abbey, one dated 1266. He married at Ruislip, Middlesex 7 October 1272 MARGARET DE CLARE, daughter of Richard de Clare, Knt., Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, by his 2nd wife, Maud, daughter of John de Lacy, Knt., Earl of Lincoln [see CLARE 7 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1250. Her maritagium included the manor of Hambledon, Buckinghamshire. They had no issue. He presented to the churches of Lydford, Devon, 1272, 1285, Sancreed, Cornwall, 1275, Lanteglos by Camelford, Cornwall, 1276, St. Stephen's by Saltash, Cornwall, 1276, Ladock, Cornwall, 1279, 1281, Michaelstow, Cornwall, 1279, 1282, Manton, Rutland, 1280, 1296, Yardley Hastings, Northamptonshire, 1280, St. Stithian's, Cornwall, 1283, North Stoke, Oxfordshire, 1291, Beckley, Oxfordshire, 1291, 1299, and Hambledon, Buckinghamshire, 1295. In 1273 John le Bret and Sara his wife sold one messuage and four virgates of land in Chesterton, Oxfordshire to Earl Edmund for 44 marks. In 1274 William de Lisle sold the advowson of Great Chesterton, Oxfordshire to Earl Edmund for 80 marks. In 1275 William le Frankeleyn and Emma his wife sold one messuage in the suburb of Oxford to Earl Edmund for 100s. The same year John le Cupere and Alice his wife sold one messuage in the suburb of Oxford to Earl Edmund for 40s. In 1276 John Tumbur and Amice his wife sold one messuage in the suburb of Oxford to Earl Edmund for 16 marks. In 1278 commission was granted to Peter de Tregluthenou, coroner of Cornwall, and John de Treisgeu to take inquisition on which John Morsel put himself, who was lately indicted of receiving persons who broke the park of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, at Lanteglos, Cornwall, hunted therein, and carried away deer. The same year commission was likewise granted to Oliver de Dinham and Walter de Wynbum touching the persons who entered the free chace of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, of Dartmoor, Devon and his parks of Clymeslond, Liskaret, Restormel, and Lanteglos, Cornwall, hunted therein and carried away deer. In 1280-1 he arraigned three assizes of mort d'ancestor against his former sister-in-law, Constance de Beam, touching land and rent in Stockwith, Misterton, and Walkeringham, Nottinghamshire. About 1282 he granted Rewley Abbey 60s. of rent paid to him by Thame Abbey on two knights' fees in Stoke Talmage, Oxfordshire. In 1283 he founded the first college for the order of Bonhommes at Ashridge, Buckinghamshire. In 1285 Robert d'Oilly and John le Mouner and Eve his wife sold a mill in Watlington, Oxfordshire to Earl Edmund for 8 marks. In 1285 Roger de Lisle quitclaimed various lands and rent in Little Chesterton, Oxfordshire to Earl Edmund for 40 marks. The marriage of Earl Edmund and his wife, Margaret, was dissolved in Feb. 1293/4; he granted her £800 a year in lands. In 1296 the Bishop of Lincoln suspended a chantry in Hambledon, Buckinghamshire which was newly built without license by Earl Edmund, because superstitious things were venerated, miracles said to be performed, and pilgrimages made there under color of devotion. The chapel doubtless contained the relics of St. Thomas de Cantelowe, who had bequeathed his heart to his friend, Earl Edmund. Later in the same year, however, the bishop withdrew the suspending order. In 1297 the earl obtained a license to alienate in mortmain to the rector and brethren of Ashridge a fee farm rent of £8 in Aldbury, Hertfordshire for the maintenance of a chaplain celebrating divine service doily in the chapel of Hambledon, Buckinghamshire. SIR EDMUND OF ALMAIN, Earl of Cornwall, died testate at Ashridge. Abbey, Buckinghamshire on or before 25 Sept. 1300, on which date his cousin and heir, King Edward I, commanded celebration of exequies for the late earl. Earl Edmund was buried at Hailes Abbey, Gloucestershire. In 1302 his former wife, Margaret, successfully sued the Abbot of Thame in a plea of dower regarding the third part of 60s. of annual rent in Stoke Talmage, Oxfordshire. In 1303 she claimed the one third part of the manors of Ambrosden, Asthall, Chesterton, Holton, and Yamton, Oxfordshire in dower. In 1311 she presented to the church of Bradninch, Devon. Margaret de Clare, Countess of Cornwall, died shortly before Nov. 1312. She left a will probated before 3 July 1315. One of executors of her will included her nephew, Master Richard de Clare, Rector of Dunmow, Essex. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 101. Kennett Parochial Antiqs. of Ambrosden, Burcester 1 (1818): 124, 392, 409-410, 423-424 (charter of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, dated 1283), 427, 435-436, 438 110, 445, 448, 456, 462-465, 469, 472-473 (charter of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall dated 1298), 480, 485-487, 509. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 2 (1819): 59-65; 6(2) (1830): 832 (reference of charter to Templars by Edmund, Earl of Cornwall). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 315-321. Coll. Top. et Gen. 8 (1843): 120-122, 122-124 (three charters of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall dated variously 1294, 1297, one undated). Arch. Jour. 5 (1848): 224; 18 (1861): 184. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 19-20. Forester Chron. of Florence of Worcester (1854): 350 (sub A.D. 1272: "Edmund of Almaine, earl of Cornwall, was married to Margaret, sister of Gilbert, earl of Gloucester, on the morrow of St. Faith [7th Oct.], and was knighted ... on the feast of the Translation of St Edward [13th Oct]."). Green lives of the Princesses of England 2 (1857): 298 (Edmund [of Almain], Earl of Cornwall, styled "cousin" by Eleanor of England, daughter of King Edward I, in letter dated 1286/1289). Cat. MSS: lib. of the Univ. of Cambridge 4 (1861): 150 (charter of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall dated 1295). Oliver Hist. of Exeter (1861): 281-282. Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 26 (1870): 149-160. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Notes & Queries 5th Ser. 2 (1874): 431. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 44 (1883): 63, 88, 94, 167, 192, 217, 272; 45 (1885): 131, 280, 341, 342; 46 (1886): 104, 127, 159, 192, 201, 207, 212, 230-231; 47 (1886): 186, 216; 49 (1888): 60; 50 (1889): 32, 76, 127, 215. Clark Land of Morgan (1883): 93-166. Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 437 (sub Cornwall). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. 6 (1888): 131-135. Clark Survey of the Antiqs. of Oxford 1 (1889): 103 ("Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, a great lover of religious orders"), 366; 2 (1890): 168, 295-300, 303, 478, 484-485. Hingeston-Randolph Regs. of Walter Bronescombe & Peter Quivil (1889): 149, 151-152, 155-156, 170, 173, 178, 348, 349, 354, 355, 361-362 (charter of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall dated 1284), 394-395. Antiq. 21 (1890): 232. Brewer & Martin Registrum Malmesburiense 2 (Rolls Ser. 72) (1890): 387 (charter of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, dated 1292). Luard Flores Historiarum 2 (Rolls Ser. 95) (1890): 363 (birth of Edmund of Cornwall). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 334 (seal of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall dated 1275 - Obverse. To the right In armour: hauberk of mail, surcoat, sword, shield of arms slung by the strap over the shoulder. Horse galloping. Arms as on reverse. Legend wanting. Reverse. A shield of arms: a lion rampant crowned, within a bordure, charged with fourteen roundels. Fine Italian workmanship. Legend wanting.). Notes & Gleanings 5 (1892): 83 (charter of Edmund; seal of Edmund bears shield with a lion rampant). Stapeldon Reg. of Walter de Stapeldon, Bishop of Exeter (A.D. 1307-1326) (1892): 193, 278. Baddeley Queen Joanna I. of Naples, Sicily & Jerusalem, Countess of Provence, Forcalquier & Piedmont (1893): 299-325. Misc. Gen. et Heraldica 2nd Ser. 5 (1894): 76-78. C.P.R. 1292-1301 (1895): 63-65 (Boeghes de Clare styled "my brother" [mon frere] by Margaret, Countess of Cornwall), 311. Wigram Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford (Oxford Hist. Soc. 31) (1896): 312 (charter of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall dated 1298). C.P.R. 1301-1307 (1898): 30, 50, 51, 60, 98, 130, 197, 224, 339. C.P.R. 1313-1317 (1898): 304, 459. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 21, 112. C.P.R. 1272-1281 (1901): 284, 292. Gifford Episc. Reg. Diocese of Worcester, Reg. of Bishop Godfrey Giffard 1 (Worcester Hist. Soc. 15) (1902): 51 (Edmund, Earl of Leicester, styled "kinsman" of Edmund of Almain, Earl of Cornwall, in letter dated 1272). Papal Regs.: Letters 4 (1902): 89. Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11 (1903): 304-305. Year Books of Edward II 2 (Selden Soc. 19) (1904): 75-76. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 183 (Edmund of Almain styled "king's nephew" in 1272), 383-386 (various charters of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall), 463 (Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, styled "king's kinsman" in 1293); 3 (1908): 489-491 (various charters of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall). Rpt. on MSS in Various Colls. 4 (Hist. MSS Com. 55) (1907): 72-73. Baddeley Cotteswold Shrine (1908): 66-67. Reade House of Cornewall (1908). VCH Buckingham 2 (1908): 261-262; 3 (1925): 47-48. Fox-Davies Complete Guide to Docs. Heraldry (1909): 524. C.P.R. 1266-1272 (1913): 668 (Edmund son of Richard, king of Almain, styled "nephew" to Queen Eleanor of Provence), 669 (Edmund de Allemania styled "king's nephew"). C.P. 3 (1913): 433 (sub Cornwall). Wall Handbook of the Maude Roll (1919) unpaginated (ped. dated c.1461-85: "Edmundus dux Cornubie"). Ehrlich Procs. Against the Crown (1216-1377) (Oxford Studies in Social & Legal Hist. 6) (1921): 261. VCH Berkshire 3 (1923): 484-492. VCH Buckingham 3 (1925): 45-54. Cal. Chancery Warrants (1927): 9, 25, 29 (instances of Edmund styled "king's cousin"). Rpt. on the MSS of Reginald Rawdon Hastings 1 (Hist. MSS Comm. 78) (1928): 276-277. Cam Hundred & Hundred Rolls (1930): 264, 276-277, 283. Salter Boarstall Cartulary (Oxford Hist. Soc. 1st Ser. 88) (1930): 253-254 (charter of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall dated 1280), 255 (charter of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall dated 1300). Salter Feet of Fines for Oxfordshire 1195-1291 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 12) (1930): 204, 206-207, 218, 220. Johnstone Letters of Edward Prince of Wales 1304-1305 (1931): 17 [(Edmund), Earl of Cornwall, styled "cousin" by Edward, Prince of Wales (afterwards King Edward II)]. Jenkinson & Fermoy Select Cases in the Exchequer of Pleas (Selden Soc. 48) (1932): 113-118, 119-121. Midgley Ministers' Accounts of the Earldom of Cornwall 1296-1297 1 (Camden Soc. 3rd Ser. 66) (1942): vii-xxxiv. English Hist. Rev. 58 (1943): 51-78 (St. Edmundsbury Chronicle, 1296-1301: "Memorandum quod die sancti Remigii [1 Oct.] obiit pie memorie dominus Edmundus comes Cornubie."). Lawrance Heraldry from Military Monuments before 1350 (H.S.P. 98) (1946): 11. Salter Thame Cartulary 1 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 25) (1947): 33-38, 97-98 (charter of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1282), 164-165 (charter of Margaret widow of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall dated 1302); 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 26) (1948): 164-165. Sutton Rolls & Reg. of Bishop Oliver Sutton, 1280-1299 2 (Lincoln Rec. Soc. 43) (1950): 4, 137; 8 (Lincoln Rec. Soc. 76) (1986): 162, 173, 201. Williams Collectanea (Wiltshire Arch. & Natural Hist. Soc. Recs. Branch 12) (1956): 87, 113-114. VCH Oxford 5 (1957): 170. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14, 20-21, 60, 90-91, 93. Bigwood Les livres des Comptes des Gallerani 2 (1961): 216. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Edmund: Argent, a lion rampant gales crowned or within a bordure sable bezanty). VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Stone Oxfordshire Hundred Rolls of 1279 (Oxford Rec. Soc. 46) (1968): 29, 33-35, 37-38, 40. Phillips Household Book of Queen Isabella of England, for the 5th Regnal Year (1971): 139. Treharne & Sanders Docs. of the Baronial Movement of Reform & Rebellion 1258-1267 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1973): 194-195. Weinbaum London Eyre of 1276 (London Rec. Soc.) (1976): 89-98, 101 (Edmund of Almain, Earl of Cornwall, styled "brother" [i.e., brother-in-law] by Thomas de Clare, Knt.). Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 1 (1978): 22-23 (seal of Edmund of Almain, earl of Cornwall dated 1275 :- Obverse. On horseback, riding to right He wears chain mail, helmet and surcoat, and holds a drawn sword and a shield of his arms. Reverse. A shield of arms: a lion rampant within a bordure bezanty: held by its strap in the beak of an eagle behind. Legend lost.). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(1) (1984): 156 (sub Clare). Rolls & Reg. of Bishop Oliver Sutton 1280-1299 8 (Lincoln Rec. Soc. 76) (1986): 176, 201. Sayles Functions of the Medieval Parl. of England (1988): 135 (letter of Edmund of Almain dated 1272/74). Travers Cal. Feet of Fines for Buckinghamshire 1259-1307 (Bucks. Rec. Soc. 25) (1989): 49. English Yorkshire Hundred & Quo Warranto Rolls (Yorkshire Arch. Soc. Recs. 151) (1996): 167-168, 210-211. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 61-65. Gee Women, Art & Patronage from Henry III to Edward III: 1216-1377 (2002): 66 ("The earliest surviving example of such a vestment owned by a lay patron in England appears to be the Clare Chausable in the Victoria and Albert Museum. This has been cut but part of the missing embroidery was described in 1786 as being decorated with the shields of Clare, Cornwall, Lacy and England. This indicates that the chausable was made for Margaret de Clare, daughter of Richard, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, and Maud de Lacy, who married Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, Edward I's 1st cousin, in 1272. The Clare Chausable is decorated with blue foliate scrolls framing griffins and lions in gold on a blue background."). Mitchell Portraits of Medieval Women (2003). Wild If Stones Could Speak: Stories from the Stone Heads of St. Andrew's, Kirton-in-Lindsey (2005): 104. Legg Lost Cartulary of Bolton Priory (Yorkshire Arch. Soc. Rec. Ser. 160) (2009): 222-223.
Illegitimate children of Richard of England, by an unknown mistress (or mistresses),
i. PHILIP DE CORNWALL, clerk. On 20 March 1248 Pope Innocent IV granted an indult at the request of Philip of Savoy, Archbishop elect of Lyons, for Philip, son of the Earl of Cornwall, clerk, to hold an additional benefice with cure of souls. It is remotely possible that he is the Master Philip de Cornwall, late Archdeacon of Llandaff, canon of Glasney, Cornwall, who died shortly before 23 Jan. 1319/20, of whom little is known. Berger Les Registres d'Innocent IV 1 (1884): 570 ("Philippo clerico dilecti filii nobilis viri comitis Cornubie."). Hingeston-Randolph Regs. of Walter Bronescombe & Peter Quivil (1889): 418, 427. Stapledon Reg. of Walter de Stapeldon, Bishop of Exeter, (AD. 1307-1326) (London, 1897): 124, 219. Peter Hist. of Glasney Collegiate Church, Cornwall (1903): 120. Reade House of Cornewall (1908): 31. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102.* (* Note: NEHGR 119 (1965): 98 (author alleges in error that Philip, son of the Earl of Cornwall, is the same person as a much later individual, Master Philip de Saint Austell (otherwise le Comwaleys), Archbishop's clerk, Archdeacon of Winchester. Master Philip first occurs in April 1285, when King Edward I gave him safe conduct, he then going to Rome. In 1292 the king granted him protection for two years, he then going beyond seas with John de Pontissara, Bishop of Winchester. In 1294 the king licensed him to assign one acre of land in "monte de Tremur" near St. Clether, Cornwall, together with the advowson and patronage of St. Clether, Cornwall, to maintain certain chaplains celebrating divine service. In May 1299 the king granted him protection until Easter, he then going beyond seas with John de Pondssara, Bishop of Winchester. In 1301 the king granted him authority to convey one messuage and 30 acres of land in Menkudel for the maintenance of three chaplains to celebrate divince services daily for the good of his soul in the chapel of St. Michael in the town of Saint Austell, Cornwall. In 1303 he was granted protection by the king for one year, he then going beyond seas with John de Pontissara, Bishop of Winchester. He died shortly before 10 June 1304. In Feb. 1305 the king pardoned Reynold son of Richard de Penres for acquiring in fee simple 3s. 7-3/4d. rent in Landewynnek and the advowson of the church of St. Cross, Kerrier, Cornwall from Master Philip de Saint Austell, sometime Archdeacon of Winchester, who held them in chief. C.P.R. 1281-1292 (1893): 157. C.P.R. 1292-1301 (1895): 92, 179, 415, 600. Hammond A Cornish Parish: Being an Account of St. Austell, Town, Church, District & People (1897): 15-17, 110. C.P.R. 1301-1307 (1898): 127, 314. VCH Hampshire 4 (1911): 337-344. Pontissara Reg. Johannis de Pontissara 1 (Surrey Rec. Soc. 1) (1913): 29 (J. de Saint Austell, clerk, styled nephew/kinsman [nepos] of Philip de Saint Austell, Archdeacon of Winchester, in 1287). Jones Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300-1541 4 (1963): 50-51. Horn Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300-154112 (1967): 58-61. Greenway Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066-1300 2 (1971): 92-93].)
ii. RICHARD DE CORNWALL, Knt. [see next].
iii. WALTER DE CORNWALL, Knt., of Brannel, Cornwall, married [see HUNGERFORD 7].
iv. JOAN DE CORNWALL. She married (1st) RICHARD DE CHAMPERNOUN, of Inswork, Cornwall, younger son of Henry de Champernoun, Knt., of Ilfracombe, Devon and Jacobstowe, Trevelowen, and Tywardraith, Cornwall, by Denise, daughter of Gilbert English. They had one son, Richard, Knt. In 1280-1 Andrew Trellok arraigned an assize of novel disseisin against Richard and his wife, Joan, regarding a tenement in Meyswerk, Cornwall. In 1281-2 her half-brother, Edmund, Earl of Cornwall allegedly referred to Joan, wife of Richard de Champernoun, as his "sister." In 1286 he terminated a plea brought by him in City Court against Master Henry de Bollegh, Archdeacon of Cornwall. His widow, Joan, married (2nd) before 1300 PETER DE FISSACRE (or FISHACRE), Knt., of Morleigh and Woodleigh, Devon, Seneschal of Dartmouth, and, in right of his wife, of Inswork, Cornwall, son of Peter de Fissacre, by his wife, Beatrice. They had no issue. He presented to the churches of Moreleigh, Devon, 1280, and Stoke Rivers, Devon, 1282, 1285. He served as attorney for Oliver de Dinham in 1297, and for Josce de Dinham in 1301. He was summoned to serve overseas in 1297. SIR PETER DE FISSACRE living in 1303. In 1316 his wife, Joan, put in a claim regarding a fine relating to Modbury, Devon. Pole Col& towards a Desc. of Devon (1791): 309 ([Joan, wife of Richard Champernoun] ... whom Edmond Erle of Cornwall calleth by the name of his sister, in a grant made by hym unto the said Richard and Jone, of theassise of breade & ale, dated anno 12 of Kinge Edw. I."). Lysons Magna Britannia 6 (1822): 342. Burke Hist. of the Commoners 2 (1836): 271-273 (sub Champernowne). Gilbert Parochial Hist. of Cornwall 3 (1838): 448-449. Notes & Queries 5th Ser. 2 (1874): 431 ("But a pedigree given in Harl. MS. 3288, fol. 50, states that jowl, daughter of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall' - query if not Richard rather ? - married Ralph Valletorte, and her daughter Joan married Richard Champernoun."); 5th Ser. 3 (1875): 209-211. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 50 (1889): 155. Hingeston-Randolph Regs. of Walter Bronescombe & Peter Quivil (1889): 157, 356. Jackson Wadham College Oxford (1893): 25 (Tregarthen ped.). MSS of the Duke of Somerset, the Marquis of Ailesbury & the Rev. Sir T.H.G. Puleston, Batt (Hist. MSS Comm. 43) (1898): 136. Jour. of the Royal Institution of Cornwall 17 (1907): 409-424. C.Ch.R. 3 (1908): 36. Woodbine Bracton De legibus at consuetudinibus Angliæ 1 (1915): 86, footnote 1. Chope Early Tours in Devon & Cornwall (Devon & Cornwall Notes & Queries 9) (1918): 58. Genealogists' Mag. 7 (1937): 536-537 (re. Fissacre family). NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102.â€
2. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,†Douglas Richardson (2013):
“GILBERT DE CLARE, Knt., 4th Earl of Hertford, Lord of Harfleur and Mostrevilliers in Normandy, 1202, son and heir, born about 1180. In 1211 he held 6-1/2 knights fees in Kent of his mother's maritagium. He and his father joined the confederacy of the barons against the king in 1215. He was as one of the twenty-five barons elected to guarantee the observance of Magna Carta, which King John signed 15 June 1215. In consequence he and his father were excommunicated by Pope Innocent III 16 Dec. 1215, but at this time, he was a party to the negotiations for peace. He had a safe-conduct from the king 9 Nov. 1215, which was repeated 27 March 1216, after the fall of Colchester. He fought on the side of Louis of France at the Battle of Lincoln 19 May 1217, and was taken prisoner by William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke. He was afterwards released, and his lands restored. He married 9 October 1217 ISABEL MARSHAL, 2nd daughter of William Marshal, Knt., 4th Earl of Pembroke (or Strigoil), hereditary Master Marshal, by Isabel, daughter of Richard Fitz Gilbert (nicknamed Strongbow), 2nd Earl of Pembroke (or Strigoil) [see MARSHAL 3 for her ancestry]. She was born at Pembroke Castle 9 October 1200. They had three sons, Richard, Knt. [Earl of Gloucester and Hertford], William, Knt., and Gilbert, and three daughters, Amice, Agnes, and Isabel. He was recognized as Earl of Gloucester (in his mother's lifetime) in November 1217. In 1217 he gave the manor of Hambleden, Buckinghamshire to Milicent de Cantelowe for life in settlement of her other claims in dower on the estates of her former husband, Amaury, Count of Evreux (Gilbert's 1st cousin). In 1218 Hugh de Vivonne was ordered to give up the Forest of Keynsham to him. In July 1222 he was forbidden to attack the castle of Dinas Powys in Glamorgan. From this time forward he frequently attests royal grants. In 1223 he joined his brother-in-law, the Earl Marshal, in an expedition into Wales. Probably about 1223 he confirmed the grant of Hamo de Blean (alias Crevequer) to the Priory of St. Gregory, Clerkenwell. In 1224 the king ordered his bailiffs of Bristol to cause Earl Gilbert to have five tuns of the 40 tuns of wine that he lately took to the king's use in the vill of Bristol at the same market price. He was present in 1225 at the confirmation of Magna Carta by King Henry III. In 1227 he sued William de Similly for the manor of Princes Risborough, Buckinghamshire, which he claimed as his right. In 1227 he served as witness to the king's charter permitting the removal of the cathedral from Old to New Salisbury and confirming the same rights to the new city as Winchester enjoyed. The same year he supported Richard, Earl of Cornwall, against the king, with regard to the forest laws and the misgovernment of Hubert de Burgh. The king soon gave way to the barons' threats, and meeting them at Northampton in August, promised them satisfaction of their demands. In Sept. 1227 he was one of the nobles accredited to meet the princes of the Empire at Antwerp. He led an army against the Welsh in 1228 and captured Morgan Gam, who was released the following year. In Feb. 1228 he had a gift of 40 rafters in the wood of Auvour to house himself at Cranborne, Dorset. In 1228 he again led an army against the Welsh and discovered iron, lead, and silver mines in Wales. In Feb. 1230 he and William Earl Marshal were ordered to yield up to the Archdeacon of Llandaff all the possessions of the bishopric which they had taken on the bishop's death. Early in 1230 he crossed over into Brittany with the king, where he served as a commander in the royal army. SIR GILBERT DE CLARE, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, died at Penros in that duchy 25 October 1230, and was buried 11 November 1230 before the high altar at Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire. His funeral was conducted with great state. He left two wills, one dated 30 April 1230, the other 23 October 1230, proved before Michaelmas, 1233. By the terms of his will, he left a gilt silver cross to Tewkesbury Abbey, as well as the wood of Mythe by Severn side during the minority of his son. His widow, Isabel, married (2nd) 30 March 1231 (as his 1st wife) RICHARD OF ENGLAND, Earl of Cornwall, Count of Poitou [see CORNWALL 6], Lieutenant of Guienne, 1226-7, Keeper of Castle and Honour of Wallingford, 1230-1, Lord of the Manor, Castle, and Honour of Knaresborough, 1235, Lord of the Manor and Castle of Lideford, 1239, Commander-in-Chief of the Crusaders, 1240-1, Privy Councillor, 1253, Joint Guardian of England, 1253-4, younger son of John, King of England, by his 2nd wife, Isabel, daughter of Ademar, Count of Angoulême [see ENGLAND 5 for his ancestry]. They had three sons, John, Henry, Knt., and Nicholas, and one daughter, Isabel. He was granted the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire by his brother, King Henry III, on the occasion of his marriage. In 1232-3 he fought in Wales against Llywelyn ap Iorwerth. In 1237 he openly rebuked his brother the king for his greed and maladmininistration. He was on an embassy to Emperor Frederick in 1237. By March 1233 he had driven Llywelyn back and strongly fortified Radnor Castle. His wife, Isabel, died testate at Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire in childbed of jaundice 17 Jan. 1239/40. Her body was buried at Beaulieu Abbey, Hampshire, her bowels went to Missenden, and her heart was sent to Tewkesbury Abbey for burial in her 1st husband's grave. In 1240 he left for the Holy Land on crusade, in the company of a large number of English knights and nobles. In 1241 negotiated a treaty with the sultan of Krak, by which many French captives were restored to liberty. He fought in Poitou in 1242-3. Richard married (2nd) at Westminster Abbey 23 Nov. 1243 SANCHE (or SANCHIA) OF PROVENCE, daughter and co-heiress of Raymond Berenger V, Count and Marquis of Provence, Count of Forcalquier, by Beatrice, daughter of Thomas (or Tommaso) I, Count of Savoy, Marquis in Italy. She was the sister of Eleanor of Provence, wife of his brother, King Henry III of England. She was born about 1225 at Aix-en-Provence. They had two sons, one unnamed and Edmund, Knt. [Earl of Cornwall]. In December 1243 the king demanded a written renunciation of any rights that Richard might possess in Ireland or Gascony, together with an explicit disclaimer of the award that had been made at Saintes. In return, Richard was confirmed in possession of Cornwall and of the honours of Wallingford and Eye. He was granted the honour of Bradninch, Devon in 1244. In 1246, together with King Henry III, he sought unsuccessfully to appose the efforts of Charles of Anjou, husband of Sanche's younger sister, Beatrice, to claim the entire dominion of Count Raymond Berengar V of Provence. He served as principal governor of the mint between 1247 and 1258, an office from which he derived considerable profit. He was Joint Plenipotentiary to France and Ambassador to Pope Innocent IV in 1250. He was elected King of the Romans (also styled King of Almain) 13 Jan. 1256/7, and was crowned at Aachen 17 May 1257. He failed to establish his authority in Germany, however, was soon dispossessed, and returned to England in Jan. 1259. In April 1261 he was elected senator of Rome for life, a purely honorary title which he made no attempt to exercise in person, and in which he was subsequently supplanted by Charles of Anjou. His wife, Sanche, died at Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire 9 Nov. 1261. In1263 he secured a temporary truce after war had broken out between his brother the king and the English barons. In 1264, when conflict became inevitable, he supported his brother. He was taken prisoner with his brother at the Battle of Lewes 14 May 1264. After the Battle of Evesham 4 August 1265, he was released and his lands restored. He married (3rd) at Kaiserslautern, Germany 16 June 1269 BEATRICE DE FALKENBURG (or FAUQUEMONT), daughter of Dietrich II de Falkenburg, seigneur of Montjoye, by Berta, daughter of Walram of Limburg, seigneur of Montjoye. They had no issue. By an unknown mistress (or mistresses), he had several illegitimate children, including Philip (clerk), Richard, Knt., and Walter, Knt. He purchased the honour of Trematon, Cornwall in 1270. RICHARD, King of the Romans, Earl of Cornwall, died testate at Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire 2 (or 3) April 1272, and was buried with his 2nd wife, Sanche, at Hailes Abbey, Gloucestershire, his heart being interred in the choir of the Franciscan church at Oxford. His widow, Beatrice, died testate 17 October 1277, and was buried before the high altar a the Friars Minors, Oxford.
Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 95-100. Rymer Fædera 1 (1816): 484 ("Richard de Romeyns" [i.e., Richard, King of the Romans] styled "uncle" by King Edward I of England). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 2 (1819): 59-65; 6(3) (1830): 1658-1659 (charter of Amice, Countess of Clare, daughter of William Earl of Gloucester). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 315-321. Clutterbuck Hist. & Antiqs. of Hertford 3 (1827): 225-226 (Clare ped.). Thomson Hist. Essay on the Magna Charta of King John (1829): 270-272 (biog. of Richard de Clare). Coll. Top. et Gen. 8 (1843): 120-122 (two charters of Richard, King of the Romans). Lipscomb Hist. & Antiqs. of Buckingham 1 (1847): 200-201 (Clare ped.). Shirley Royal & Other Hist. Letters Ill. of King Henry III 2 (Rolls Sem:: 27) (1866): 101-102 & 106-107 (letters of Richard, Earl of Cornwall), 132-133 (Richard, King of the Romans, styled "brother" [fratri] by King Henry III of England), 174-175, 193-194 & 197-198 (letters of Richard, King of the Romans). Luard Annales Monastici 4 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1869): 72 (Annals of Oseney sub A.D. 1231 - "Eodem anno venit Willelmus Marescallus de Britannia, et dedit sororem suam comitissam Gloucestriæ Ricardo comiti Cornubiæ, fratri regis, in conjugium"), 223-224 (Annals of Oseney sub A.D. 1269 - "Eodem anno et eodern tempore idem Ricardus rex Alemanniæ, quinto idus Junii [9 June], duxit in uxorem quandam nobilem puellam et decoram valde, nomine Beatricem de Falkestan, quæ propter ejus pulchritudinem vocabatur gemma mulierum"), 248 (Annals of Oseney sub A.D. 1272 - "Eodem anno quarto nonas Aprilis [2 April] apud castrum de Berkamestede obiit Ricardus rex Alemanniæ, et sepultus est in abbatia de Hailes, quam a fundamentis sumptibus suis construxerat."). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 26 (1870): 149-160. Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1874): 604-605, 642-644. Maclean Hist. of Trigg Minor 1 (1876): 189-190 (obit at Grey Friars, Bodmin, Cornwall: "Richardus Rex Almaniæ obiit 3 die Aprilis"). Arch. Jour. 34 (1877): 180-186 (charter of Richard, Earl of Poitou and Cornwall dated 1256) ("He [Richard] was for a time heir to the throne, and always exercised great influence in the affairs of the kingdom ... He was a far wiser man than his brother, who seems to have consulted him on many occasions, although they were often at variance. Wallingford ... was his chief seat, where he lived with great splendour ... The seal [on the charter] is imperfect, but what remains is well cut and clear ... On the upper side ... is a knight on horseback galloping to the proper left. He wears a loose plaited surcoat, girdled at the waist, and with the skirt freely flowing backwards, shewing the right leg from the knee in armour, apparently mail, with a prick-spur. The right arm, in mail, is extended backwards, and holds upright a long straight sword. Above the upper edge of the surcoat is seen the throat, closely fitted with mail, and on the head a flat-topped helmet. The left arm is covered with a heater shield, with conceals the breast and bears a lion rampant, with probably a border. The saddle is raised below and behind, and the two girths cross salute fashion under the horse's belly. Over the knight's right shoulder is a narrow embossed belt, for sword or dagger. The horse is cut with great freedom, and does not appear to be in armour. The legend is: `SIGIL[LUM RICARDI COMITIS CORNU]BIE.’ Upon the obverse is large, bold heater shield, about two inches high, bearing a lion rampant within a plain border, charged with fourteen roundels. Round and behind the shield is scroll work of an early English character. The legend, in place of the usual cross, commences with a crescent SIG[ILLVM] RICARDI COMITIS [CORN]UBIE.' It is remarkable that Richard did not bear the arms of England, but those of Poictou. 'Argent, a lion rampant gules, crowned or,' which he placed within 'a border sable, bezantee,' derived from the old Earls of Cornwall, and thus, as was not unsual, represented both his earldoms on his shield."). Table chronologique des Chartes et Diplômes imprimis concernant Belgique 5 (1877): 385-386 (Baudouin d'Avesnes [seigneur of Beaumont] styled "cher cousin et vassal" by Richard, King of the Romans in 1267). Genealogist 3 (1879): 225-230; n.s. 13 (1896): 98. Antiq. 2 (1880): 273; 21(1890): 232. Clark Earls, Earldom, & Castle of Pembroke (1880): 69-75. Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 2 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1880): 110-111. Clark Land of Morgan (1883): 64-92. Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 436-437 (sub Cornwall); 2 (1886): 13 (sub Gloucester), 177 (sub Hertford). Hart & Lyons Cartularium Monasterii do Rameseia 2 (Rolls Ser. 79) (1886): 330-331 (charter of Richard, Earl of Cornwall, to Ramsey Abbey). Clark Survey of the Antiqs. of Word 1 (1889): 366; 2 (1890): 295-297, 299, 303, 3
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Chris & Julie Petersen's Genealogy
1200 - 1240 (39 years)