| Notes |
- RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“WILLIAM the Conqueror, Duke (or Count) of Normandy, 1035-1087, King of England, 1066-1087, illegitimate son, probably born at Falaise 1027-1028. In 1046-7 William's right to be duke was attacked by his cousin, Guy, Count of Brionne. Guy and his associates were defeated by an army led by William and the French king Henri I to the south-west of Caen at Val-ès-Dunes. In 1049 William joined the French king's campaign against Geoffrey Martel, Count of Anjou, taking part in the successful siege of the castle of Mouliherne near Angers. He married about 1050 (marriage prohibited 1049, dispensation dated 1059, they being related by near kinship within the 7th degree) MAUD OF FLANDERS, daughter of Baudouin V, Count-Marquis of Flanders, by Adèle, daughter of Robert II, King of France [see Line B, Gen. 10 below for her parentage]. They had four sons, Robert Curthose [Duke of Normandy], Richard, William II Rufus [King of England], and Henry R] [King of England, Duke of Normandy], and five daughters, Alice (or Adelise) (nun at St Léger in Préaux), Cecily [Abbess of Holy Trinity, Caen], Maud, Constance (wife of Alan IV, Count of Brittany), and Adèle (wife of Étienne Henri, Count of Blois). In 1051 William visited England and probably received from his childless cousin, King Edward the Confessor, a promise of the English succession. According to Norman writers, Edward's brother-in-law, Harold Godwinesson (later King Harold), who accidentally visited the Norman court in 1064 or 1065, swore an oath to support William's claim to the throne of England. However, when Edward died (5 Jan. 1066), Harold was hastily anointed king (6 Jan 1066) and was accepted by the English nobility. On 28 Sept. 1066 William landed at Pevensey with his army and defeated Harold's forces in the Battle of Hastings (14 October 1066). William was crowned King of England 25 Dec. 1066. He invaded Scotland in 1072 and Wales in 1081. He spent most of his time in Normandy, but returned to England each time when it was absolutely necessary. In 1082 William imprisoned his half-brother Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux and Earl of Kent, on a charge of disloyalty. His wife, Maud, died 2 Nov. 1083, and was buried at Sainte-Trinité in Caen. Her tombstone with inscription carved round the edge has survived. In 1085 William brought a large army to meet the threat of an invasion by Canute IV of Denmark, but it never occurred. One of the most important deeds of William in his last years was ordering of economic and tenurial survey of England, the results of which were summarized in the Domesday Book. In the summer of 1086 the Conqueror departed for the continent, where he went on a military expedition to retaliate against an invading French garrison at the border town of Mantes. He was injured while riding a horse and the ailing king was carried back to Rouen and then moved for peace and quiet to the priory of Saint Gervais outside the city. Surrounded by clergy and magnates, he apparently remained lucid until the end, which came on 9 September 1087. His corpse was transported by river and sea to Caen, where he was buried in the abbey church of Saint-Étienne.
Morice Mémoires pour servir de Preuves à l'Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne 1 (1742); 129 (Extract of Chronicle of Robert, Abbot of Mont Saint Michel: "Anno 1083. Obiit Mathildis Regina filia Balduini II. Comitis Flandrensis, uxor Willelmi Regis Anglorum;" "Anno 1087. Obiit Willelmus Rex Anglorum Rotomagi apud S. Gervasium V. idus Septembris [9 September], qui sua magna industria & probitate omnem Angliam suæ subdiderat ditioni ..."). Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecdesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 217 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "V. Id. Sept. [9 Sept.] Ob. Willelmus Rex Anglorum."). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 2 (1819): 26 (Odonis [Eudes], Bishop of Bayeux, styled "fratris regis" [brother of the king]); 6(2) (1830): 1090-1091 (Robert, Count of Mortain, styled "brother" [fratris] of King William the Conqueror in charter dated 1189). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 297-300. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 2957298 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. )(XXIV). De Smet Recueil des Chroniques de Flandre 1 (1837): 544 (Chronicorum Flandriae sub A.D. 1027: "Balduinus Pulchra Barba, comes Flandriae, filio suo Balduino, qui postea dictus est Pius, Athelam, filiam Roberti regis Francorum, accipit uxorem. Ex qua nati sunt Balduinus Montensis et Robertus Friso et Lila Mathildis, quae postea nupsit Wilhelmo, filio Roberti ducis Normanniae, qui postea in Angliam transfretans cans debellavit"), 552 (Chronicorum Flandriae sub A.D. 1047: "Wilhelmus, dux Normanniae, uxorem duxit Mathildem filiam Balduini comitis Flandriae, quae postea peperit ei Wilhelmum, postmodum regem Angliae."). Bulkleley La Hougue Bie de Hambie 2 (1837): 245-247. Duncan Dukes of Normandy (1839). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 1-134 (biog. of Matilda of Flanders). Stapleton Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniae 2 (1844): xxix-xxx (Alice [Duchess of Burgundy] styled "aunt" [amita] by King William in charter dated 1080). Giles Chronicon Anglia Petriburgense (1845): 45 (sub A.D. 1035: "Robertus dux Normanniæ obiit in peregrinatione Jerusolymitana, a camerario suo potionatus: successit filius ejus Willelmus Bastard, annorum septem puer, tutelæ Henrici regis Franciæ commendatus.")."). Le Prévost Notes pour server à la Topographie et à l'Histoire des Communes du Déartement de l'Eure (1849): 30-31 (charter dated April 1066 witnessed by William, Duke of Normandy, his wife, Maud, and his "brother" [fratris], Robert). Hardwick Historia Monasterii S. Augustini Cantuariensis (Rolls Set.) (1858): 351 (Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent styled "frattis" by King William the Conqueror in undated charter). Lépinois & Merlet Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres 3 (1865): 172 (Necrologium B.M. Carnutensis: V Idus Septembris [9 September] - "Obiit Guillelmus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum."). Delisle Rouleaux des Morts du IXe au XVe Siècle (1866): 177-182, 182-183, 284-285. Edwards Liber Monasterii de Hyda (Rolls Ser. 45) (1866): 294-295 (Judith [of Lens], wife of Earl Waltheof, styled "king's kinswoman" [consanguineam regis] [i.e., kinswoman of King William the Conqueror]). Wauters Table Chronologique des Chartes et Diplômés Imprimis 1 (1866): 575. Freeman Hist. of the Norman Conquest of England (1876). Delisle Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 11 (1881): 228 (Orderic Vitalis, Libro Tertio: Adelaide, wife of Robert son of Giroie, styled "kinswoman" [consobrina] of King William the Conqueror), 234 (Orderic Vitalis, Libro Tertio: William Fitz Osbern styled "kinsman and steward" [cognatus et Dapifer] of Duke William [afterwards King William the Conqueror]), 246-247 (Orderic Vitalis, Libro Sexto: Gulbert [d'Auffay or de Heugleville] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] of King William the Conqueror; Beatrix, daughter of Christian de Valenciennes, and wife of Gulbert [d’Auffay or de Huegleville], styled "kinswoman" of Queen Maud of Flanders [Mathildis Reginæ consobrina]). Arch. Jour. 41 (1884): 300-312 (author provides conclusive evidence that Gundred, wife of William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey, was not the daughter of William the Conqueror or his wife, Maud of Flanders). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 3-5 (seal of King William the Conqueror - Obverse. The king on horseback to the right, in coat of mail and conical helmet and spurred; in his right hand a long lance with three streamers; in his left hand a kite-shaped shield, held by a strap, showing the interior. Horse trappings: a small, plain saddle, and stirrup, breast-band, girth, and head-gear. 'Legend: + HOC • NORMANNORVM • WILLEMVM • NOSCE • PATRONVM • S[I] between two dotted circles. Reverse. The king, enthroned, with a crown fleury of three tre-foiled points, and loose robe falling in folds between the knees, with arms and feet apparently bare; both arms extended and raised from the elbow; in his right hand a sword erect; in his left hand an orb, surmounted by a tall cross pattée fitchée. Throne without back; cushions on the seat; the base having three small arches, which rest on a plinth also having arches in nearly vertically corresponding positions. Legend: + HOC • ANGLIS • REGE[M S]IGNO • [FATEARIS • EVNDEM] between two dotted circles. The legends, taken together, form a distich.). Stubbs Willelmi Malmesbiriensis monachi de gestis regum Anglorum (Rolls Series) (1887-9). Merlet & Clerval Un Manuscrit Chartrain du XIe Siècle (Soc. Arch. d'Eure-et-Loir) (1893): 175 (Necrologium Ecclesiæ Beatæ Mariæ Carnotensis - "v id. sept. [9 Sept.] Obiit Guillelmus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum ..."), 180 (Necrologium Ecclesiæ Beatæ Mariæ Carnotensis - “ii kal. nov. [31 October] Obiit Matildis, Anglorum regina ..."), 184 (Necrologium Ecclesiæ Beatæ Mariæ Carnotensis - "viii id. dec. [6 December] Obiit Adeliza, filia regis Anglorum ..."). Bradshaw Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral Pt. 2 (1897): ccxli (obits. in the odd volume of the great Latin Bible: 9 Sept. - "Willelmus Rex Anglorum."). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 421 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "9 Sept. [Obiit] Guillelmus rex Anglorum major."), 422 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "1 Nov. [Obiit] Malthildis, regina Anglorum."), 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "9 Sept. [Obiit] Guillelmus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannnotum."), 581 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "2 Nov. [Obiit] Mathildis, regina Anglorum."). Compte-rendu des Séances de la Commission Royale d'Histoire 5th Ser. 9 (1898): 142-180 (sub Comtes de Flandre). Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (Docs. sur la Province du Perche 3rd Ser. 2) (1894): 9-11. Eng. Hist. Rev. 16 (1901): 498-499; 86 (1971): 225-250. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 2 (1906): 240 (Obituaire of Prieure de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan: "Guillelmus, rex Anglorum et princeps Normanie, v idus sept. [9 Sept] [1087]."), 660 (Nécrologe of Abbaye de Saint-Jean-en-Vallee: "[3 Nov.] III non. Obiit Matildis, Anglorum regina [1083]."). D.N.B. 21(1909): 293-301 (biog. of William the Conqueror, King of England). Gomme Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1909): 189-191 (sub A.D. 1075 and 1076: Earl Roger [i.e., Roger, Earl of Hereford] styled "kinsman" of King William the Conqueror), 212 (sub A.D. 1096: William [Count] of Eu styled "king's kinsman."). Bishop & Chaplais Facsimiles of English Royal Writs to A.D. 1100 (1957). Stenton Bayeux Tapestry (1957). Fauroux Recueil des Actes des Ducs de Normandie de 911 à 1066 (1961). Galbraith Making of Domesday Book (1961). Stenton First Century of English Feudalism, 1066-1166 (1961). Musset Actes de Guillaume le Conquérant et de la Reine Mathilde pour les Abbayes Caennaises (1967). Barlow Edward the Confessor (1979). Douglas William the Conqueror (1964). Bates Normandy before 1066 (1982). L. Musset "La reine Mathilde et la fondation de la Trinite de Caen (Abbaye aux Dames)" in Mémoire de l’Académie Nationale des Sciences, Arts et Belles Lettres de Caen 21 (1984): 191-210. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 5,81. Wilson Bayeux Tapestry (1985). Chibnall Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166 (1986). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.228, XI.415-X1423, XII.18. Bates William the Conqueror (1989). Fleming Kings & Lords in Conquest England (1991). Van Houts Costa Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni (1992-5). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 140 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "5 Idus Sept. [9 Sept.] Obiit Willelmus rex Anglorum."), 144 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "4 Non. Nov. [2 November]. Obiit Matilda regina.."). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 34-35. Davis & Chibnall Costa Guillelmi of William of Poitiers (1997). Bickley Regesta Regum Anglo-Normanorum: The Acta of William I 1066-1087 (1998): 49, 342, 381, 466, 885, 893, 920 (instances of Edward the Confessor, King of England, styled "my kinsman" [yneges mines mæg/cognatus meus/consanguineus meus" by William the Conqueror, King of England). Harper-Bill Anglo-Norman Studies .?0(1. (1999): 145-168. Bartlett England under the Norman & Angevin Kings 1075-1225 (2000). Roffe Domesday: The Inquest & the Book (2000). Anglo-Norman Studies XXV (2003): 1-18. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.).”
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Chris & Julie Petersen's Genealogy
