| Notes |
- RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,†Douglas Richardson (2013):
“ROGER LEWKNOR, Esq., of Horstead Keynes, lteford, and Selmeston, Sussex, South Mimms, Middlesex, Stoke Doyle, Northamptonshire, etc., son and heir by his father's 2nd marriage, born before 1374 (of age in 1395). He married ELIZABETH CAREW, evidently daughter of Nicholas Carew, of Beddington and Warlingham, Surrey, Knight of the Shire for Surrey, Sheriff of Surrey and Sussex, by his 1st wife, Isabel, daughter of Alice de la Mare, of Delamere (in Wheathampstead), Hertfordshire. They two sons, Thomas, Knt., and John, Knt., and one daughter, Agnes (or Anne) (wife of Andrew Sackville, Richard Myll, Esq., and William Kighley). ROGER LEWKNOR, Esq., died shortly before 15 Nov. 1400. His widow, Elizabeth, married (2nd) (as his 2nd wife) ROBERT KNYVET, Esq. [see KNYVET 13], of Stanway, Down Hall (in Rayleigh), Ramsden-Belhouse, and Whatley (in Rayleigh), Essex, Newington Belhouse (in Newington), Kent, and Groton, Suffolk, younger son of John Knyvet, Knt., of Southwick, Northamptonshire, Winwick, Huntingdonshire, Elsworths (in Conington) and Fen Drayton, Cambridgeshire, etc., Justice of the Common Pleas, Chief Justice of the King's Bench, Lord Chancellor of England, by Eleanor, daughter of Ralph Basset, Knt., 2nd Lord Basset of Weldon [see KNYVET 12 for his ancestry]. His wife, Elizabeth, died 25 Sept. 1410, and was buried at Beddington, Surrey. ROBERT KNYVET, Esq., left a will proved in 1419 (P.C.C. 47 Marche).
Betham Baronetage of England 1 (1801): 173-176 (sub Mill). Brydges Collins' Peerage of England 2 (1812): 101 (sub Sackville, Duke of Dorset). Berry County Gens.: Sussex Fams. (1830): 130 (Lewknor ped.). Banks Baronies in Fee 2 (1843): 146-148 (sub Tregoz). Top. & Gea. 2 (1853): 124-136. Elwes Hist, of the Castles, Mansions & Manors of Western Sussex (1876): 102 (Tregoz-Lewknor ped.). Cooke & Mundy Vis. of Worcester 1569 (H.S.P. 27) (1888): 86-87 (Lewknor ped.: "Sr Roger Lewknor Knt Ano 2 H. 4, 1401. = Elizebeth da. of Carew."). Benolte et al. Vis. of Sussex 1530 & 1633-4 (H.S.P. 53) (1905): 25-30 (Lewknor ped.: "Sr Roger Lewknor knight 31 H. 6. = Elizabeth d. of... Carew."). Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 432. Feudal Aids 5 (1908): 146; 6 (1920): 491, 500, 526 (which shows in 1412 that Robert Knyvett, Esq., held Horstead Keynes, Selmeston, and Iteford, Sussex, South Mimms, Middlesex, and Stoke Doyle, Northamptonshire, the latter property being specifically stated as being held in right of his wife). VCH Surrey 4 (1912): 170, 335. VCH Berkshire 3 (1923): 418 (Carew arms: Or, three lions passant sable). VCH Northampton 3 (1930): 132-133. C.F.R. 12 (1931): 82. Comber Sussex Gens. 3 (1933): 148-158 (sub Lewknor). VCH Middlesex 5 (1976): 282. Michell Carews of Beddington (1981): 18 (Nicholas Carew had a "daughter who married Thomas Lewkenor and died in 1410 (this was recorded on a brass now lost)."). Roskell House of Commons 1386-1421 2 (1992): 482-485 (biog. of Nicholas Carew) (apparent confusion on Carew relationship as calls Sir Thomas Lewknor his "reputed son-in-law").â€
2. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,†Douglas Richardson (2013):
"ROBERT KNYVET, Esq., in right of his 1st wife, of Stanway, Down Hall (in Rayleigh), Rarnsden-Belhouse, and Whatley (in Rayleigh), Essex, Newington Belhouse (in Newington), Kent, and Groton, Suffolk, and, in right of his 2nd wife, of Broadhurst (in Horsted Keynes), etc., Sussex, South Mimms, Middlesex, and Stoke Doyle, Northamptonshire, and, perhaps in right of his 3rd wife, of Fitz Walters (in Shenfield), Essex, younger son. He married (1st) before 1395 JOAN CASTELAYN, daughter and heiress of John Castelayn, Esq., by Iseult, daughter of John Belhouse. They had one son, Thomas. He married (2nd) ELIZABETH CAREW, widow of Roger Lewknor, Esq. [see LEWKNOR 13], of Broadhurst in Horsted Keynes, Sussex (died 1400), and daughter of Nicholas Carew, of Beddington and Warlingham, Surrey, by his 1st wife, Isabel, daughter and heiress of Alice de la Mare, of Delamers (in Wheathampstead), Hertfordshire. His wife, Elizabeth, died 25 Sept. 1410, and was buried at Beddington, Surrey. He married (3rd) before 1411 ELLEN ___. They had one son, John. ROBERT KNYVET, Esq., left a will proved in 1419 (P.C.C. 47 Marche). His widow, Ellen, died in 1435.
Morant Hist. & Antiqs. of Essex 1(1768): 194, 202-203, 276-277; 2 (1768): 190-191. Hasted Hist. & Top. Survey of Kent 8 (1799): 199-202 (arms of Robert Knyvet: Argent, a bend, within a bordure engrailed, sable, an annulet for difference) (identifies wife of Robert Knyvet as Joan, daughter and heiress of Sir Thomas Belhouse). Coll. Top. et Gen. 7 (1841): 273-278. D'Ewes Autobiography & Correspondence of Sir Simonds. D'Ewes 1 (1845): 326-346. Moore Cartularium Monasterii Sancti Johannis Baptiste de Colecestria 2 (1897): 504. List of Early Chancery Procs. 1 (PRO Lists and Indexes 12) (1901): 16, 17, 35. Copinger Manors of Suffolk 1 (1905): 113-115. Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 374. Genealogist n.s. 22 (1906): 187. Feudal Aids 6 (1920): 414, 470, 491, 500, 526. VCH Northampton 3 (1930): 132-133. Feet of Fines for Essex 3 (1929-49): 234-235.â€
3. Published in The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1386-1421, ed. J.S. Roskell, L. Clark, C. Rawcliffe., 1993; http://www.histparl.ac.uk/volume/1386-1421/member/ludwick-john-1411 accessed 29 Dec 2019:
"Constituency Dates
HERTFORDSHIRE
1399
Family and Education
gds. and h. of William Ludwick†(d. by 1377) of Ludwick and Digswell. m. by 1387, Alice de la Mare (d.1411), of Delamers, poss. 1s. 1
Offices Held
Commr. of array, Herts. Apr., July 1377, Mar. 1380, Mar. 1392, Dec. 1399, Sept. 1403; to enforce labour services at St. Albans abbey July 1381; suppress the rebels of 1381, Mar., Dec. 1382; of oyer and terminer Sept. 1388 (attacks on the property of St. Albans abbey), July 1403 (treasons and insurrections); to prevent the spread of treasonous rumours May 1402.
J.p. Herts. 2 July 1377-Apr. 1378, 26 May-Aug. 1380, 14 Dec. 1381-Nov. 1389, 28 June-Dec. 1390, 27 Nov. 1391-Aug. 1397, 28 Nov. 1399-Feb. 1407.
Biography
John’s family appears to have taken its name from the manor of Ludwick, where his ancestors lived from the early 13th century onwards, if not before. His grandfather, William, who in his youth had been a follower of Aymer de Valence, earl of Pembroke, represented Hertfordshire in the Parliament of 1338; and at least one of his great-uncles was also returned for the county. In December 1348 a commission of oyer and terminer was set up to inquire into allegations of trespass and poaching made by one Stephen Bassyngbourn of Hatfield against William Ludwick and his sons, John and Thomas, one of whom was probably our Member’s father. The John Ludwick who had taken possession of the Hertfordshire manor of Panshanger in, or before, 1349 quite clearly belonged to an earlier generation as well, although he too must have been a fairly close kinsman of this MP.2 In point of fact, the latter did not play any known part in local government until 1377, when he began to act as a royal commissioner and also to sit on the Hertfordshire bench. He had by then inherited his grandfather’s property in Ludwick and Digswell, together, no doubt, with the land in Welwyn, Tewin, Bishop’s Hatfield, Hertingfordbury and Datchworth (also in Hertfordshire) which he subsequently settled on feoffees. This part of his estate was said to be worth at least £20 a year in 1412, over and above whatever revenues came to him from the manor of Delamers in the same county, acquired in 1387 as a result of his marriage to the widow of a descendant of John de la Mare. The influential Surrey MP, Nicholas Carew*, was married to his wife’s daughter, Isabel, but there is no evidence to suggest that Ludwick benefited much from this valuable connexion.3
As a prominent local landowner and sometime j.p. Ludwick was subject to the unwelcome attentions of one of the rebels of 1381. In June of that year, Thomas Longe of Watford broke into his house at Digswell and carried off all the legal records then in his custody-presumably because his own name figured prominently in them. Not surprisingly under the circumstances, Ludwick, who was re-appointed to the bench in the following December, took an uncompromising stand against the insurgents, being commissioned not only to put down the general disorder in Hertfordshire, but also to enforce labour services on the St. Albans abbey estates. His relations with the abbey, which was commonly regarded as the harshest landowner in the county, appear to have been cordial, and he may even have been related by marriage to the abbot, Thomas de la Mare. On 15 June 1381, the day before Longe’s forcible entry at Digswell, Ludwick and his close friend, John Durham*, had witnessed the charter of liberties wrung from the abbot by his tenants in Barnet and South Mimms; and at a much later date, in June 1411, the two men again acted as witnesses, this time to a grant of land made to the abbey by the earl of Oxford.4 One of the most striking features of Ludwick’s career is his long association with Durham, who was connected with him officially as a crown servant, and more personally as a party to innumerable property transactions for over 30 years. From 1389 onwards first Durham and then Sir Philip Thornbury*, his son-in-law, settled almost all their estates in trust upon Ludwick, while the latter made the two kinsmen feoffees-to-uses of his own extensive possessions.5 Ludwick occasionally witnessed local deeds with members of the Thornbury family; and on 23 Oct. 1399 he and Durham stood as mainpernors at the Exchequer for Sir Philip as farmer of certain crown property in Essex. Sir Philip performed the same service for them on the very same day, joining with Nicholas Carew to provide securities on their behalf for the regular payment of the rent of £41 p.a.which they then offered for the lease of the late duchess of Norfolk’s manor of Weston in Hertfordshire. One month later Ludwick and Durham were able to act for Carew, who then became keeper of land in Surrey. Again, in 1403, the friends appeared as mainpernors, this time in Chancery, for Thornbury and his brother-in-law, Sir Edward Benstede, who had been returned to Parliament with Ludwick in 1399, and with whom they had already witnessed a conveyance of the manor of Knebworth. Ludwick and Durham eventually became feoffees of this manor for John Hotoft*, although our Member died shortly after the confirmation of his title. On his own death in 1420, Durham left money for the performance of good works for the salvation of his friend’s soul.6
Although Ludwick seems to have enjoyed greater prominence after the Lancastrian usurpation, his career during Richard II’s early years, at least, was not undistinguished. He may, perhaps, have been related to Margery Ludwick, a lady-in-waiting to Joan of Kent, who enjoyed several marks of royal favour during the late 14th century; and we know that the annuity of £20 granted to him for life as one of Henry IV’s esquires in February 1400 (when John Durham received a similar award) had actually been paid from some point in the previous reign. As early as March 1386 Ludwick received royal letters patent exempting him from jury service and other official duties; and two years later he shared in the grant of property in Sacombe and Standon, Hertfordshire, temporarily forfeited by Sir John Holt, j.c.p. (following his condemnation in the Merciless Parliament). This award, which was rescinded in May 1398, suggests that he may have sympathized with the Lords Appellant, a view supported by his sudden removal from the local bench in August 1397. Although the grant to him of a royal pardon in the following June is not in itself unduly significant, his election to the first Parliament of Henry IV’s reign and his re-appointment as a j.p. and crown commissioner soon afterwards would suggest a previous attachment to the house of Lancaster.7 In August 1401 and again two years later, Ludwick and John Durham were among the leading Hertfordshire landowners summoned to attend a great council at Westminster, and in October 1402 our MP was approached personally for an unspecified royal loan. The rest of his life evidently passed without incident. He became a trustee of Sir Roger Trumpington’s Shropshire estates either in or before 1406, the date of his appearance at the Hertfordshire parliamentary elections as a mainpernor for Sir John Poultney.8 Having ceased to play any significant part in local government by February 1407, if not earlier, he spent the next four years in retirement and died towards the end of 1411. His estates were subsequently conveyed to John Perient (d.1415), although the latter may have been acting as a trustee for Sir John Ludwick, who died in 1442 and was probably the deceased’s son or grandson.9
Ref Volumes: 1386-1421
Author: C.R.
Notes
Variant: Lodewykes.
1. VCH Herts. ii. 298; iii. 105; Essex Feet of Fines, iii. 141; J.E. Cussans, Herts. (Broadwater), 273.
2. CPR, 1348-50, p. 248; VCH Herts. iii. 469.
3. VCH Herts. ii. 298; iii. 82-83; CIPM (Rec. Comm.), iii. 216; Feudal Aids, vi. 460; CCR, 1409-13, pp. 418, 422; 1413-19, pp. 115-16; 1419-22, pp. 191-2.
4. A. Réville, Le Soulèvement des Travailleurs, 38; Gesta Abbatum S. Albani ed. Riley, iii. 324, 353, 512-13.
5. Corporation of London RO, hr 120/146, 149, 138/21; CP25(1)291/62/160; E326/4392, 4395; CAD, ii. B2567, 2569-71; CCR, 1385-9, pp. 652-3; 1409-13, pp. 418, 422; 1413-19, pp. 115-16; 1419-22, pp. 191-2.
6. CCR, 1385-9, p. 643; 1399-1402, pp. 111, 508; 1402-5, p. 287, 1409-13, pp. 293, 302-3, 312-13; CFR, xii. 10, 16, 20-21; PCC 49 Marche.
7. CPR, 1377-81, p. 483; 1381-5, pp. 318, 328; 1385-9, p. 124; 1391-6, p. 558; 1399-1401, p. 201; 1408-13, p. 402; CCR, 1396-9, pp. 275-6; 1399-1402, p. 51; C67/30 m. 18.
8. PPC, i. 158, 162; ii. 74, 86; CFR, xix. 123-4; CPR, 1405-8, p. 123; CCR, 1413-19, pp. 306-7; C219/10/3.
9. CCR, 1409-13, pp. 418, 422; 1413-19, pp. 115-16; 1419-22, pp. 191-2; VCH Herts. iii. 82-83; Cussans, 273."
DEATH:
1. http://fortunatusfamilia.com.au/getperson.php?personID=I02390&tree=tree1 accessed 29 Dec 2019:
Will of Nicholas Carew of Bedington, Surrey 09 September 1432 PROB 11/3
* Copied from Harl. MSS. 380, f. 96, to which is added the following note: " This was transcribed out of an ancient writing in parchment, remaining in the possession of Sir Francis Carew, of Bedington, in the county of Surrey, Knight of the Bath, amongst his evidences belonging to that manor, and was compared with the original upon Thursday the 22d day of August 1644." This Will merits attention from the absence of those religious bequests and that solicitude relative to the disposition of the body, which are almost always to be found in the testamentary dispositions of that period. Not a word is said about his funeral, nor is there any other religious or charitable direction than the slight one towards the end: as the character of the testator has not been preserved, it is difficult to account for this omission on any other grounds than that he had previously made those arrangements which formed so important an object of the attention of his contemporaries.
His will of 28 Aug 1432, and contains bequests to his son Nicholas, Mary and Johanne, daughters of his son Thomas, daughters Isabel and daughter Elizabeth Bukton, with residue to his wife Mary (sic = Mercy), who was one of the executors (PCC 16 Luffenham, transcribed in Testamenta Vetusta, p. 260-3 ).
NICHOLAS CAREW.
To all Christian men, Nicholas Carew ', the older Lord of Bedyngton, greeting, in God everlasting. Be it known to all men, that I, Nicholas Carew aforesaid, the Wednesday afore the Feast of Decollation of St. John the Baptist, the year of the reign of King Harry the Sixth after the Conquest the tenth " , declare and notify by this present writing my will of all my manors, advowsons, warrens, chauntries, lands, and tenements, which I have other any man to mine use, wherefore I charge and pray mineexecutors and feoffees to perform my will that ensueth touching these manors, advowsons, and porrons, chauntries, lands, and tenements, abovesaid. First, my will is, that Mary, my wife, have and enjoy all the manors, advowsons, lands, &c. whereof there is a fine levied, after the effect of the said fine, peaceably, without interruption of me, mine heirs, and my feoffees; also, I will that the foresaid Mary have and enjoy to her, and to her heirs in fee for evermore to sell and dispose for her and me and our ancestors the manor of Per . . . 3, with all the appurtenances in the shire of Middlesex, and all the lands, &c. which be in the shires of Hampshire, Wiltshire, and London; also I will that the foresaid Mary have and enjoy peaceably the manors of Norbury and Bedyngton, from the Feast of Michaelmas next coming, unto the same Feast of Michaelmas for two years next suing, bearing to Nicholas, my son, yearly Xl/.; also my will is, I bequeath to the foresaid Mary all the money that I received for the sale of the manor of Crombregge, and also all my goods moveable not bequeathed ; also my will is, that my feoffees, after the two years aforesaid, enfeoffe my said son Nicholas the two parts of the manors of Norbury and Bedyngton, to him and the heirs male of his body coming; and the third part of the said manors to the foresaid Mary, time of her life in name of dower; the remainder, after her decease, to the said Nicholas, my son, and to the heirs male of his body coming ; and if the said Nicholas die without heirs male of his body coming, that then the foresaid manors of Norbury and Bedyngton shall remain to Nicholas Carew, Knight, to him and to his heirs of his body coming, if it so be that the said Nicholas Carew, Knight, do tail to himself and to his heirs of his body coming; the remainder to the foresaid Nicholas, my son, and to the heirs of his body coming, an hundred marks worth land yearly; and if it shall so happen that the said Nicholas Carew, Knight, die without heirs of his body coming, that then the foresaid manors of Bedyngton and Norbury shall remain to the aforesaid Nicholas, my son, and to the heirs of his body coming, and if he die without heirs of his body coming, that then it shall remain to Mary and Johanne, daughters to Thomas Carew, my son, and to the heirs of their bodies coming; with remainder to Isabel, my daughter, and to the heirs of her body coming ; with remainder to Thomas Turbevyll, son to Robert Turbeville, Knight, and to the heirs of his body; remainder to William Turbevyll, another son of the said Robert Turbevyll, Knight, and to the heirs of his body coming, and for default of issue the remainder to my right heirs : also my will is, I pray and charge my feoffees of the manors of Kersalton, Nutfield, Purle, Sulham, Lyde, Maythma', and my lands in Wodemysthern, called VVeston, after the decease of Mary my wife, that they grant these same manors to Nicholas my son and to the heirs of his body ; in default of such issue the remainder to Mary and Johanne, daughters to Thomas Carew, my son, and to the heirs of their bodies; and if they die without issue, the remainder to Isabel, my daughter, and to the heirs of her body; the remainder to Thomas Turbevyll, son to Robert Turbevyll, Knight, and to the heirs of his body ; failing such issue to William Turbevyll abovesaid, and to the heirs of his body coming; and for default of issue the remainder to be sold by Mary, my wife, and by my feoffees ; also my will is, that Mary, my wife, have all the issues and profits of all the lands, &.c. in the towns of Wodengshorn, Banstede, and Chypstede, for to sustain and find Mary, the daughter of Thomas Carew, my son, unto the age of xv year, and after the xv year I will that my feoffees grant to Mary, the daughter of the said Thomas, the same lands and tenements to her and to her heirs of her body coming ; and for default of issue, the remainder to Johanne, sister of the said Mary; remainder to Nicholas, my son, and to his heirs of his body; remainder to Isabel, my daughter, and her heirs of her body; and for default of issue the remainder to be sold by my wife and my feoffees; also my will is, that Mary, my wife, have all the issues and profit of the lands, &c. in the towns of Sandersted and Wirlingham, for to sustain and find Johanne, the other daughter of Thomas Carew, my son, unto the age of xv year, and that then I will that my feoffees grant to the aforesaid Johanne the same lands, &c. to her and the heirs of her body ; remainder to Mary, her sister, and her heirs; remainder to Nicholas, my son, and his heirs ; remainder to Isabel, my daughter, and her issue; and for default of issue the remainder to be sold by my wife and my feoffees.
Also my will is, I pray and charge my executors that they grant to Isabel, my daughter, all the lands in the parish of Wantynge, in Berkshire; to Isabel, my daughter, for her life; with remainder to Johanna, daughters of Thomas Carew, my son, and her heirs; remainder to Mary, her sister and her heirs; remainder to Nicholas, my son, and his heirs; remainder to Ann, daughter of the same Isabel, and to the heirs of her body ; remainder, in default of issue, to be sold by my wife and my feoffees; also I will that my feoffees, after the decease of Mary, my wife, give and grant to Mary, daughter of Thomas Carew, my son, the manor of "Stoke yn hoo," and to her heirs ; remainder to Joan, her sister, Nicholas, my son, and Isabel, my daughter, and the heirs of their bodies respectively; and for default of issue remainder to be sold by my wife and my feoffees; also my will is, that after the decease of Mary, my wife, the manor of Bandon be tailed to the Baron of Carew, in the manner and form as the manor of Norbury, and Bedyngton shall be after the form aforesaid; also my will is, and I charge Mary, my wife, and my feoffees that they sell the lands and tenements in Croydon called Pyrle Rent, and Costantynysrent in fee, and that the money that cometh thereof that they dispose for me and mine ancestry in alms, by their discretion.
Also my will is, and pray and charge my feoffees, that after my decease, in all haste possible, that they endow Mary, my wife, in the best wise and to the best intent of all those manors, lands, and tenements, whereof she has non-jointure, as my trust is in them. In witness of all this, to these present writing, which is my last will, I put hereto my seal the year and the day abovesaid *.
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Chris & Julie Petersen's Genealogy
Abt 1356 - 1432 (~ 76 years)