| Notes |
- RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. From the book "Pleasant Mangum and All His Kin, the Story of the Bennetts, the Mangums, and the Parhams," comp. by James Lynn Parham, Gateway Press, Inc., Baltimore, MD, 1997,
Chapter 4: Mangum BEGINNINGS:
"Information in this chapter came from many sources including articles written for the Mangum Family Bulletin by Mr. G. G. Mangum of San Antonio, Texas and Mr. Thomas Mangham, both of whom I lost track of many years ago.
OriginS
A great deal of effort, time and expense has been expended in research to find the origin of the name "Mangum." Unfortunately, we have not been able to determine its exact origin. This is because we cannot presently locate the origin of the Mangum immigrants that came to the New World. We presently believe that the name is English, mainly because the original New World families were associated with an English parish in the English colony of Virginia. Unfortunately, "Mangum" is not found in English records. In fact, as far as we have been able to tell, Mangum was unknown anywhere in the world until it appeared in 17th century Virginia.
It might be worthwhile here for a slight digression. The spelling of surnames before the 1850's was not fixed like it is today. In that period in history, few people could read or write. It was the responsibility of the clerks who generated the public records to spell the name. They, of course, spelled it the way they heard it. Mangum could become Mangrum as it did when the family spread to Tennessee. It could become Mangham as it did when the family spread to Georgia. It was not unusual for an individual to have his name spelled a dozen different ways in the public records during his lifetime. Mangum was particularly susceptible to variation including Mingham, Mangam, Mangan, Manghum, Mangham, Mangram, etc. Foreign names, especially non-English names, were frequently anglicized to an American pronunciation and to an American spelling.
A search of English records revealed many names similar to Mangum. The closest seemed to be a William Manggum, born about 1524 in Rothwell, Yorkshire, England.(1) It may be significant that William Mangum who migrated into North Carolina in 1748 left records as William Manggum.
There were many other variations on the name in England. These include Mangham, Manningham and Maningham. In Ireland we find die name Mangan, Manghan, Maughan and later Mangrum.(2.3.4)
The armorial listings of England and other countries show several possible variations in the name. These include Mangana, Mangen(Allem.), Manger(Holland, Prov. Rhen, Nurenburg, Vienna), Mangin(Luxembourg, Lorr., Fore, Bret.), Mangan and Mangon(Normandy).(5)
There are three place names in the south of England, which gave rise to family names similar to Mangham. Mengham, a village on Hayling Island, Hampshire, Magham-Down near Hailsham in Sussex, and Mongeham near Deal, Kent. The English Botanist, Sidney Mangham's family must have originated from one of these places as his family dwelled in Woodford, Essex, east of London. A great majority of the early immigrants to Virginia came from Kent and particularly from Mongeham. John Boddie refers to this village in his book "Colonial Surry." The majority of Manghams, however, lived in the Lake District along the Scottish border and if the records of these northern counties are any indication, they must have "thrived," having many offspring. Favorite names were John, James, William, and Christopher.
In Ireland we find the names Mangan, Manghan, and Maughan. Although these names look similar, they are all of different origins. Mangan is from the Irish O'Mongain meaning "small bearded one" or "small hairy one." The family of Mangan are prevalent all over the island and there are hundreds of Mangans in the Irish Telephone Directory.(6) Oddly enough we again find the names John, James and Christopher. The name Manghan is a shortening of Managhan, which is turn, is a variant of O'Monaghan, which means a "small monk." The name Manghan occurred only in Roscommon and has become to all intents and purposes Manghan. The name Maughan is a Mayo variant of Mac Mahon, which is from the Irish "Mac Mathghamma" or "son of the bear King." The name Maughan is fairly common.
The fame of the 19th century senator Willie P. Mangum generated considerable speculation in the writings of that day about the origins of his name, According to some of his biographies the senator's family originated from Wales with the name Mangolus.(7) A branch of the family has the name Manigault Another variation is that the family was originally Huguenot refugees from France with the name Manghamis. In the late 1600's they fled religious persecution under King Louis XIV and found sanctuary in Wales. There they changed their name to Manngham.
We presently cannot judge how accurate or likely these various traditions are. The most likely scenario is that the Mangum line in America stemmed from a relatively poor family in England with one or the other variations of the surname."
NEW WORLD MangumS. The Mangums were relatively latecomers to the English Colonies in the New World. There was not a trace of them until the late 1600's. The first we have any record of was one Thomas Mangham who was transported to the Maryland Colony in 1666.(8) He was likely an indentured servant, contracting to work a certain number of years for his master in return for his ship passage being paid. We have found no other records of this Thomas Mangham and we assume that he did not leave descendants.(9) Life was hard in the Colonies for the common man and life expectancy was frightfully short. Many did not live long enough to marry and leave descendants. The unlucky ones died soon after their arrival from acts of nature, Indians and disease. We suspect that Thomas succumbed to one of these perils.
The first Mangum (or Mangums) to leave surviving families in the New World must have come to the Virginia Colony sometime before 170Q. By the 1730's and 1740's there were numerous Mangum families in the counties of Surry and Isle of Wight. We believe the heads of these families were children of a John Mangum who appeared in the Surry County Records in 1694. In that year a John Mangum was listed in the tax record from Lawnes Creek Parish. In 1695/6 he had several land dealings in Surry and Isle of Wight Counties. He bought land from Richard Bennett in Surry on 25 May 1695, and on 23 March 1695/6 he traded his land in Surry for land in Isle of Wight. (10) We have no proof that John was the father of those who came later, but it seems a fair assumption based on the records.
We have found no record of John Mangum's passage to Virginia. It is not for lack of looking. Many researchers have diligently searched the ship passenger logs without success.(I I) Unfortunately, many ship logs have been lost over the years. We don't know when John came to the colonies.
The Douglas Resister shows that a "John, ye son of Daniel & Miriam Mangauhan was born ye 18 Feb. 1678/9 in Virginia." The book, "Early Virginia Immigrants, 1623-1666" shows one John Mangor, transported in 1650 by Wm. Chapham. As intriguing as these pieces of information are, we tend to doubt that they refer to our John Mangum. More than likely John came to the colonies as an indentured servant. He worked several years for his master to pay for his passage. After his time of servitude was over he was allowed to own property and partake in the social life of the colony. That is when we see him obtaining land by deed in 1695/6.
John Mangum is dealt with more thoroughly in a later chapter. We are almost certain that John Mangum was not the only Mangum immigrant to the New World to leave descendants although he may have been the first. One other likely immigrant, for which we only have indirect documentation, was Nicholas Mangum, his wife Martha and probably other members of his family. Nicholas Mangum died in 1757, his wife in 1761, both in Surry County, Virginia.(12) We believe that he was an older adult when he died because he had an adult son, Joseph, who was born about 1737. The estate of Martha shows that she was married before and she had children by her first husband.
We have found no other record of either Nicholas or Martha. The absence of any other records for these older adults suggest that they came to Virginia late in life possibly as immigrants from England. In 1844, a Micajah Mangum, writing from Richmond, Virginia. sent a letter to Willie Person Mangum, senator from North Carolina.(13) This is what he writes:
'Dear Kinsman: Through the politeness of my old friend Capt. Wm. Claibourn., I address a few lines to you to let you know that I feel glad to have one relation of the name of Mangum left to tell the history of my ancestors as far as I am informed. My grand father's name was Micajah Mangum whose name I bear he came to this country before the war died in Isle of Wight Va. leaving three daughters and one son my father Joseph Mangum who went up the country to Goochland County about 35 miles above Richmond on James River where he married Elizabeth Humber in the year 1796 where he lived till 1817 - when he left Virginia for Alabama (My mother died in 1807 - leaving 5 children 3 girls and 2 boys) he carried my brother with him and left me a prentice at the coach making business - I am now the only one of the name and family now in Virginia I have been married thirteen years and have had no children and I feel as though I had found some lost treasure hearing that you were of the old stock full of that warm feeling toward friends and relations that ever characterized my old father and family - and if you would pass thro the city of Richmond I beg the favor of you to let me see you as my heart would rejoice to see once more some relation of my father's. I am a humble Coachmaker and make a very comfortable living clear of debt and many warm friend and I know of no enemy. I shall expect you, to let me know when you pass thro Richmond that I may see you - and may the blessing of heaven be with you and family is the fervant wish of your intruding relation - Micajah Mangum (Addressed:) To The Hon. Willie P. Mangum, Washington City, D.C. by the politeness of Captn. Wm. Claibourn.'
He definitely states that his grandfather, also named Micajah, 'came to this country before the war'. We assume he meant the Revolutionary war (1776-1783). The lineage appears to be straight forward. Nicholas had son Joseph who made his will in 1762 in Isle of Wight County.(I4) In that will Joseph mentions wife Lucy and three sons, including his eldest, Micajah. We believe this Micajah is the grandfather of the Micajah who wrote the letter to the Senator. The line runs "Nicholas-Joseph-Micajah-Joseph-Micajah." If the elder Micajah was an immigrant, as stated in the letter, then it seems reasonable to assume that his father Joseph and his grandfather Nicholas and their families were all immigrants. Probably they represent a large family group that came to the Virginia Colony about 1750. Unfortunately we have found no record of their coming.
Finally we turn to Jacob Mangum (cI757-1835) of N.C. & S.C. This Jacob Mangum has been the source of much research by many of his widespread descendants. Unfortunately, his origin has never been successfully explained. There are two main theories. One is that he was the son of James Mangum who died at the age of 23 in 1757, Granville Co., N.C. This James was a son of William Sr. of the Virginia to North Carolina migration in 1747-8. The other theory is that Jacob was an immigrant from Ireland.
Jacob Mangum first appears in Richmond Co., N.C. just before 1790. He obtained land there in 1788 and was in the 1786 State Census and the 1790 Federal census. (15) He was in the tax lists in 1795. He sold land in Richmond County as late as 2 Feb. 1800.(16) He later moved to South Carolina before 1800 because he was in the S. C. census of that year. In 1801 he bought land in Anson County, North Carolina which borders on Chesterfield County, South Carolina. (17) Sometime around 1800-1801 he moved to the Pageland area of Chesterfield County, South Carolina. A South Carolina newspaper, on 16 Nov. 1835, announced his death and reported that his estate would be distributed in Chesterfield County, S.C. Several of his issue were identified in the article. He left a large family whose pioneer members eventually spread into many of the southern states including Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi.
Mr. Grady G. Mangum, a descendant of Jacob and one who spent many years researching his Mangum family, reported that his family has the tradition that Jacob was the son of James Mangum (1734-1757) who died in Granville Co., N.C. The ages of Jacob and James seems consistent with them being father and son.
Another family tradition comes from Mrs. Audrey J. Bolster.(18) She states: "...Jacob, Absolam, and another brother (William?) came to this country from Ireland about 1770. The port of entry was Charleston, S.C. They were young men, the oldest no more than age 25 and they were freeman class, not the servant class." Mrs. Bolster quoted her aunt, Lula Mangrum Brown as saying "The Mangrums are Scotch-Irish descent. They came from Ulster (Northern Ireland). They came over with a man by the name of David Wilcock who had a land grant in the Carolinas." She believes Absolam Mangum, listed in Union County, 96th Dist., S.C. and Jacob Mangrum, to be the two brothers.(19)
TALL TALES
We have uncovered little hard evidence concerning the origins of the various Mangum immigrants. All we are left with are the various family traditions we have found over the years. Some of these are recounted below. The reader is cautioned that there is seldom any evidence to substantiate these traditions and they should not be taken as absolute fact.
A Mrs. Bessie Biggs Rose, who may have had maiden name Mangum but who has not been fully identified, says that a James, John and William Mangum migrated from Fendrayton, Cambridgeshire, in Kent Co., England.
Family tradition from Edwin Cornell Mangum, Woods Cross, Utah says that his family came from N.C. to Kentucky, then to Indiana. It was handed down in his family that two brothers lived in Ireland. They were playing ball and accidentally broke a church window. They ran and hid on a ship and went to sleep. They woke up out to sea on the way to the New World.
According to Clinton Mangum, Tempe, Ariz., the Mangums arrived from Northampshire, England sometime very early in pre-Revolution history and settled in Baltimore, Maryland. They were residing there in 1790 when the first U.S, census was taken. About 1800, one or more of them went west to newly opened territory near Carrollton, Ohio. This Mangum had five sons, four of which emigrated, well before the War between the States, one to Atlanta, and three to Indiana.
According to Pauline (Mangrum) Uselton, "Grandma" always said that when she was a little girl, her father Green B. Mangum started back to England to claim the family inheritance.(20) He took ill in either Illinois or Ohio, and when that happened he turned around and returned to Tennessee. He said "Mom, if I die, what good is the money?" Evidently he may have stayed with relatives because he had the "Fevor." At any rate, a cousin in Canada went to England and claimed the inheritance.
From Katheryn L. Freeland, she states, "My ancestor was Thomas Mangham, with wife named O'Neal. They were from Ireland. His father was also Thomas and his mother was Henretta Carrington." In a letter 29 Oct. 1980 she also states "My Texas relatives says for sure that the first Thomas was from Ireland, then the second Thomas then James C. Mangham." However, A letter from her on 8 Nov. 1980 says ." ..they changed their mind and decided they came from England,"
From Diane Dieterle to Fleet Teachout, Computer Bulletin Board Communication, 18 Nov. 1991, "There is a 'legend' that passes through our family that there were two MANGRAM(?) brothers came over from England. One of the boys was married and had a family back in England, The other was single. The one that was married got 'homesick' and went back to England. The other stayed here and married."
A letter from Colin Mangham, B.C., Canada dated 17 March 1981 states "Manghams in B.C. (2 families) say they came from England where the name was Maughan (as in Somerset Maughan). My family tradition (word-of-mouth) has always been that Mangham came from Ireland."
References
1. Rothwell Parish Register. William Manggum married 12 Oct. 1548 to Jane Moor, Con. of Rothwell. Child Richard born 20 Sept. 1549.
2. Parish Registers, Yorkshire, England. Thomas Mangham of Swinton, Yorkshire born about 1595 married 23 June 1616 to Barbara Shaw of Swinton. Children: Elizabeth b. 23 Oct. 1617, d. 1618, Thomas b. 19 March 1618, William b. 16 April 1621, Elizabeth b. 25 Dec. 1625, James b. 30 Oct. 1630. Information from Annie Laurie Mangum Lambson, deceased.
3. Thomas Mangham, researcher, discovered the surname Mangham in one area- the Lake District of England. That is to say the counties of Westmoreland, Northamberland, Durham, and Cumberland. In the City of Penrith, Cumberland it occurs often in the registers, written both Mangham and Maugham at the whim, it seems, of whichever clerk entered it. A large family of Manghams lived in Linton-in-Craven,
a village east of the towns of Skipton and Kirkby Malham in the West Riding of Yorkshire.
4. "References to English Surnames in 1601," Mangham, Yorkshire, Linton in Craven, F. K. & S. Hitching, The Yorkshire Parish Register Soc.
5. Rietstrap,"Rolland's Illustrations" and "Armorial General," Sir Bernard B. Burke, CB LLD, The General Armory of England, Scotland & Wales," Ro. Cooke,"Grantees of Arms to the End of the XVII Century" and '"The Visitations of Kent and Cambridshire".
6. Mangan also was and is a common name in the Northeast U.S.
7. Mr. Mangum Turner sent a letter to Mrs. Arthur C. Frick and noted that a John Mangum was from Wales, entered this country about 1682.
8. Luke Gardner laid claim to 150 acres of land for the transport of Dennis Horley and Timothy Mangham, Maryland, 1666.
9. Interesting enough some of the family traditions have a Thomas Mangham arriving from Ireland. See "fall Tales' later in this chapter.
10. Surry County, Va. Deeds, Wills, Etc.. No.5. 1694-1709, pages 50a & 163. Also Isle of Wight Deed Bk. I, page 200. The double dating (1695/6) was common in the old records because of the confusion over the calendar. The old calendar had the new year beginning March 25. March 23 was, therefore, 1695 in the old calendar and 1696 as we presently reckon the year. See Appendix C relating to the calendar.
11. Mrs. Delta Ivey Mangum Hale was one of those who sponsored research on ship passenger logs. See her book on John Mangum and his descendants in the Bibliography.
12. Inventory of the estate of Nicholas Mangum was made 17 May 1757, Surry County, Virginia. Surry County Wills, Etc., #10, 1754-1768, page 115. Martha's Will was made in Surry Co., Va. dated 6 Dec., 1768, Wills, Etc., #10, page 264.
13. From "The Papers a/Willie P. Mangum," Vol. IV, page 120. See the Bibliography.
14. Will of Joseph Mangum, Isle of Wight County, Virginia, Will Book 7, page 157, dated 27 Feb. 1762.
15. 17 April 1788 Jacob Mangum filed petition for 100 acres land grant in Richmond Co., N.C. located between Joe's Creek and Ready Branch.
16. 2 Feb. 1800 Jacob Mangum sold 300 acres of land in Richmond County, N.C. to Stephen Mendenhall.
17. 16 June 1801 Jacob Mangum purchased 150 acres of land in Anson Co., N.C. from John Ford.
18. Letter from Audrey Bolster of 62 Central Avenue, South Easton, MA 02375 to Lynn Parham, 21 Jan. 1992. Interestingly enough she also states that James, son of Jacob Mangum, had a son Pleasant, born c1800. Later research shows that the James who had son Pleasant was probably son of Joseph of Warren Co., N. C.. James, son of Jacob Mangrum, had a large S. C. family which did not include a Pleasant.
19. For a more complete account of Jacob Mangum, see Mr. Palmer's book "The Mangums of Va...." and the booklet "The Mangum Family" by Dr. J. I. Campbell & C. P. Mangum. Both publications are described in the Bibliography.
20. This story by Pauline Uselton was described in a letter to Jefferson C. Davis written on 12 Jan. 1962.
2. Yorkshire Origins:
A. There is no record for this individual whatsoever. I have entered this name only as a repository of notes concerning the European origins of John Mangum, the first proven immigrant to America. As of Jan 2005, the current thinking as represented by the "The Mangum-Mangham-Mangrum Journal," as edited by James Lynn Parham, is that the family is probably of Yorkshire, England through the Manningham name. This thinking is a relatively recent change from the Welsh or Irish thinking as represented in Delta Hale's or James Palmer's quotations below. The "Journal" is printed often and should be consulted from time to time for updated DNA testing results in regard to the English Manningham name. See below for more notes on this aspect of our ancestry.
B. "The Mangum-Mangham-Mangrum Journal," Issue No. 47, Jan 2002, (formerly "Mangum Family Bulletin"), James L. Parham, editor, p. 3: Mangum OriginS REVISITED
I have felt compelled to re-write my conclusions as to the English origin of the Mangum family in the United States. See the "Open letter to the reader" on page 21 of Issue 45. This re-write is not a major re-direction, but it is more concise and I have relied more heavily on established fact, removing many of my previous idle speculations. Those speculations are not necessarily untrue, but I wanted to leave the reader with a more defensible 'final' conclusion that hopefully will better withstand the test of time and future research. – Timothy Mangham, B.A., M.A., (History)
It may be a relatively new experience for you, but I have been chasing the elusive origin of our family name for almost forty years now and, for me, it has become an obsession. I thought that you should all know that I have finally come to some conclusions based upon my years of research. For one thing, our common ancestor, John Mangum, was a Yorkshireman- of this I have no doubts at all! He was also an agricultural laborer and probably an indentured servant. The spelling variants of his last name, which we find written into the records, are "Mangle," "Mangom" and "Mangham".
In colonial Virginia we find the names Mangum and Mangham used by his descendants. Because Virginia was an English colony and settled essentially by British Protestants of yeoman stock, we must ask ourselves the following question about the original homeland of our ancestors: where in the British Isles do we find the surnames Mangum and Mangham used synonymously? The answer, surprisingly, is quite simple. These spelling variations are used concurrently in only one area of Britain- Yorkshire.
As a matter of fact, the Mangham name is found almost exclusively in this area. The variant Mangum is now almost extinct in England, but by looking at the International Genealogical Index we can see that it once existed in the same region. Therefore, it should be emphasized that these two names were used simultaneously in only one area of Britain- the county of Yorkshire in north-central England.
These same two names have never appeared in the vital records of Ireland, Scotland, Cornwall, Wales, The Isle of Man or the Channel Islands, and they do not appear in the telephone directories of these same areas today. To say, therefore, that Mangum and Mangham are of Irish or Cornish or Welsh origin is simply not supportable by either the historical or the genealogical evidence. In the current telephone directories of England the common spelling is Mangham, and these families live primarily in South Yorkshire and specifically in the towns of Rotherham and Doncaster. At least half of the Manghams in the world (including the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand) live in these two towns.
Well, there it is. My conclusions based upon some forty years of research. Make of it what you will and, if you disagree, or if you detect some fault in my methods, please give me the benefit of your insight. Furthermore, please accept my humble plea that you not stand idly by, but actively join in the research. – Timothy Mangham
C. "The Mangum-Mangham-Mangrum Journal," Issue No. 45, Jul 2001, (formerly "Mangum Family Bulletin"), James L. Parham, editor, p. 19: An Open Letter to the Reader By Timothy Mangham, B.A., M.A. (History)
Those of you who have been reading my articles and correspondence in the Journal may have been confused by my habit of jumping enthusiastically from one tentative conclusion to another. It was simply my way of illustrating the many difficult problems that we have been faced with. And by 'we', I refer, of course, to Mr. James Parham, Mr. Colin Mangham and myself. It may be a relatively new experience for you. But I have been chasing the elusive origin of our family name for almost forty years and, for me, it has become an obsession. I have seen others come and go, glow brightly and then burn out like falling stars. Through it all I have had one constant and loyal companion- Mr. James Parham, and I think that all of us who bear the names Mangum, Mangrum and Mangham owe him a debt, which we will never be able to repay. [He wrote these words without any prompting from me ... Honest! - Your Editor]. I thought that you should all know that I have finally come to some conclusions based upon my years of research. For one thing, our common ancestor, John Mangum, was a Yorkshireman-of this I have no doubt at all! He was an agricultural laborer and probably an indentured servant. I would say that he lived with, and worked for, the Honeyford family of Lawnes Creek Parish upon his arrival in the new world. [John Mangle was living with two Honeyford individuals in Surry Co., VA in 1692. - Editor] The spelling variants of his last name which were written into the records-"Mangle," "Mangom" and "Mangham"-are all Yorkshire names. Now we come to the difficult part of the problem. If John Mangum was, indeed, a Yorkshire farm hand, which of three possible origins do we accept for his name? Malham to Maugham to Mangham to Mangum? Manningham to Mangham to Mangum? Or Mangold to Mangle to Mangum? In spite of the fact that two of the finest researchers in Britain (Dr. George Redmonds and Dr. David Hey) have come to the conclusion that our name is a contraction of Manningham, I find myself in the unenviable position of disagreeing with both of them. I have come to share the conclusion held by Sir Robert Ormond Maugham (writing as Robin Maugham) and related in his book about Somerset Maugham, which was published in 1967- namely that our name is one of the variants of the place-name Malham found in the Yorkshire Dales. Dr. Redmonds and Dr. Hey are uninterested observers. Lord Maugham was just as vitally interested in determining the truth as we are. He spent many years in his research, and he was most ably assisted by one of the greatest (if not the greatest) experts of his day – Dr. P. H. Reaney. Well, there it is. My conclusion based upon some forty years of research. Make of it what you will. If you disagree, or if you detect some fault in our methods, please give us the benefit of your insight. We welcome and will carefully consider all points of view. Furthermore, accept our humble plea that you not stand idly by, but actively join us in the research.
3. "The Mangum-Mangham-Mangrum Journal," Issue No. 55, January 2005 (formerly "Mangum Family Bulletin"), James L. Parham, has a lengthy report on the results of current DNA testing among the Mangum families. The following is the editor's summary:
P. 12: "It has also confirmed our suspicion that John Mangum of 1695 Virginia was the common ancestor of almost all of the Mangums, Manghams & Mangrums in the U. S., including the lineage of Jacob Mangum of N.C. & S.C."
Pp. 20, 21: "THE English LINEAGES. HAVE WE FOUND The ANCESTRAL Family of The U.S. SURNAMES? We have found an English Manningham who is a 10 out of 12 marker match with the U.S. surnames. We are upgrading his tests to 25 markers for confirmation. A two marker mismatch out of 12 markers, according to the labs literature, means a quite distant common ancestor but it is close enough for us to pursue further. The lab's calculator shows that there is a 27% chance of a common ancestor with the U.S. Mangums since 1500 AD and a 37% chance since 1400. Pending the 25 marker test we can only hope that we have finally found the ancestral family that gave rise to our immigrant John Mangum. If so, it means we need to do much more research on the Manninghams, whose numbers in England are very sparse. This Manningham was unrelated to any of the other English surnames. We have tested four English Manghams and have found that they are totally unrelated to any of the U.S. Mangum related surnames. Three of them are identical to each other at the 12 marker level, and they came from the Yorkshire area of England. However, their Haplogroup is J2, meaning that their male lineage originated in the Mediterranean part of the world. Our U.S. Mangum related surnames are R1b, meaning they originated in groups of humans who waited out the Ice Age in Europe in Spain, and about 12,000 years ago repopulated Europe. The other English Mangham also came from the Yorkshire area, but his Haplogroup is E3, a Haplogroup that has not been defined as to its origin. It may also have originated in the Middle East, but that remains to be seen. He is not related to the other English Manghams tested. Our single Maugham participant is in the U.S., but his family fairly recently came to the U.S. from England. His ancestor was Thomas P. Maugham, b. c1792 in Northumberland, England. His DNA seemed to show that the Maughams were unrelated to the U.S. surnames in any genealogical timeframe, that is, after surnames were invented around 1400 AD. Of major surprise is that this Maugham has a "4 marker out of 25" mismatch with a descendent of Ellison G. Mangum, supposed son of Taylor Duke of Orange Co., N.C. We have no theory to account for this relatively close match, other than just an accidental match in a very common Haplogroup (both are R1b) where accidental matches occur often. The Mangle participant differed from the U.S. surnames in 5 out of 12 markers, although three of the mutations were on a single marker. He is unrelated to any of the other participants in the surname group, at least at the 12 marker level... Most of the English lineages all seem to be totally unrelated to the U.S. surnames, with the possible exception of the Manninghams. We anxiously await the results of the 25 marker test. We hope we now have found the ancestral family that gave rise to the U.S. surnames."
[For more on the English Manningham name tradition in the Yorkshire area, see additional notes from the Journal further down in these notes.]
4. The book "John Mangum, American Revolutionary War Soldier and Descendants," 1986, pp. 1, 697, by Delta Ivie Mangum Hale:
a. "History of the Mangum Surname. The name Mangum is believed to be of English origin and derived from the ancient English personal name of Man(n) which is of Norse and German origin, signifying 'a plain'. Therefore, Mangum can possibly be interpreted as a 'plainsman' or 'warrior of the plains'. The Welsh word denoted 'small' and sometimes indicated a farm servant. The name Man is found in the Domesday Book in 1086. Tradition has it that the Welsh branch originally spelled their name Manghamis and the Irish branch originally spelled their name Mangham. Although considerable research has been done attempting to find records of the arrival of John Mangum progenitors in America, no such records have been found to date. All of the early ship listings have been checked in the original 12 counties of Virginia, the Library of Congress in Washington D.C., the Genealogical Library in Salt Lake City, and many other libraries with no avail. It was difficult for the author to believe that they could have arrived in this country without some listing of their arrival having been recorded somewhere until she came in possession of the following by Edwin Cornel Mangum: 'In our family the tradition runs, as told me by my father, that one fine day in an Irish seaport village a young Mangum playing accidentally smashed a window in the church, and was so frightened that he ran and concealed himself on a vessel which was anchored at the wharf. He remained concealed until the ship was far out in the ocean. This must have been way back in the 17th century, and the vessel made port in what is now the Carolinas. There is a small post office down there called Mangum and also a string of such offices scattered along the rails followed by this boy's descendant across Carolina, Tennessee, Mississippi, Arkansas, Indiana, Michigan, Oklahoma, and Texas.' This is in all probability a correct account of how the family arrived in America, and if our original progenitor in this country arrived as indicated, his name would not have been recorded on the ship's listing."
b. "Following is an excerpt from a letter from Mary Virginia Mangum Arrington: 'Way back in 1947, my mother and daddy attended a Railroad Convention in Miami Beach, Florida. There were people attending the convention from every state - a nationwide gathering. One day a friend of daddy's told him a man he met in the hotel lobby by the name of Mangum was very anxious to find him - and the next day my daddy did meet him and he told my daddy that some way they were from the same bloodline. That he had been investigating the family tree and discovered that three brothers arrived in this country about the same time from Wales. For reasons unknown these brothers decided to split up and settled in different parts of the country. Also, [for] reasons unknown one brother's family spelled their last name Manghum, one brother elected for his line to spell the last name Mangrum and one brother selected Mangum for his branch of the family tree. So, according to this man, all Mangums, regardless of how they spell their last name, come from the same family tree.'"
5. The book "The Mangums of Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, Texas, and Utah and Adjoining States," by John T. Palmer, Santa Rosa, 1992, FHL film 1697868, pp. 1-4: "The name 'Mangum' is believed by many to be of English origin derived from the ancient English personal name of Man(n) (which is of Norse and German origin) signifying 'a master, a gentleman or a warrior' plus the Welsh-Cornish name-element 'Gun' or 'Gum' signifying 'a plain.' Therefore 'Mangum' can possibly be interpreted as a 'plains man' or 'warrior of the plains.' The Welsh word 'man' is found in the Domesday Book in 1086. Oral family history among some of our Mangum 'cousins' is that our early Mangum ancestor came from Santon or Santone, Ireland. Early Irish maps do note that the small village of Santon once stood outside the city limits of Dublin in the direction of the present-day Dublin Airport. Santon has long been absorbed by Dublin over the years. Unfortunately no land or estate records of his parents have ever been located. This tradition, however, has never been documented. Other branches of the Mangum family contend that our Mangum progenitor came from Wales. Perhaps more than one Mangum migrated to Virginia or North Carolina and thus account for two versions. The name in Ireland is generally 'Mangan' or 'Mangham' with a few spelling it 'Mangum.' The form used most often in England is 'Manghan.' It appears, however, that the name 'Mangum' is the Wales derivative of 'Manghamis, Mangulus, Mangi, and Mangu.' The most common variation in the U.S. is 'Mangum.' 'Mangrum' is the spelling usually taken by the Tennessee line of the family. A common tradition among other Mangums is that the family was Welch, intermixed with Irish and English. Neither the Welch nor the Irish tradition has ever been documented. In Ireland we also find the names 'Manghan' and 'Maughan.' Although these names look similar, they are of different origins. 'Mangan' is from the Irish 'O'Mongain' meaning 'a small bearded one' or 'small hairy one.' Families of 'Mangan' are prevalent all over the island as there are hundreds of Mangans in Irish telephone directories. The name 'Manghan' is a shortening of 'Manaaghan' that, in turn, is a variant of 'O'Managhan' that means 'small monk.' The name 'Maughan' is a Mayo variant of 'Mac Mahon' that is from the Irish 'Mac Mathghamma' or 'son of the bear king.' (MFB #15, Nov. 1974, p. 8.) In 1969, writing for the 'Mangum Family Bulletin,' published by James L. Parham of Huntsville, AL, since 1969, Grady Mangum reported that the oldest Mangums he knew reported that the language used by his ancestors was Gaelic, which is the language of the Gael people of the Highlands of Scottish-Irish Celt. [Kerry's note: Welsh language is also a branch of the Celtic tongue.] A review of the records in the Libarary of Congress, the National Archives in Washington, the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, the Sutro Library in San Francisco, and many other state and university libraries has produced nothing to indicate with certainty the source of origin for our earliest known ancestor, John Mangum, born ca. 1674, probably, Virginia. The first definite evidence of the immigration of a Mangum to the new world, however, was in 1666 when Timothy Mangham came to Maryland as a colonist; there is no evidence that he left any desdcendants, however. The earliest known records are in Prince George County, Maryland in the year 1668. The family of John Mangum was found in Isle of Wight Co., Virginia, one of the eight original shires formed in 1634. Many names of counties, parishes, towns, and places in Isle of Wight County, Virginia are the same as those found in Wales, the southern part of England."
6. "The Mangum-Mangham-Mangrum Journal," Issue No. 54, July 2004, (formerly "Mangum Family Bulletin"), James L. Parham, editor, article "THE REAL BEGINNING - PART 15," pp. 4-15 (The Village of Manningham):
"In the last issue we brought the timeline of "The Real Beginning" up to the 14th century. This is the time frame in which we begin to see records of two of the English surnames (Malham & Manningham) who are possibly related to the U.S. surnames of Mangum, Mangham & Mangrum, etc. In this Part 15 we take a slight detour from the standard presentation of history and explore the beginnings of Manningham, one of those early English surnames. The other surname, Malham, has already been dealt with extensively in the Journal. (NOTE: Some of the information below was obtained from Timothy Mangham, extracted from various letters he sent me. - -Editor.)
SURNAMES
The evolution of hereditary surnames was not a uniform or regular process. It does, however, seem that by the middle of the thirteenth century a majority of large and medium landowners in England had acquired hereditary surnames. In the north of England the development was perhaps slightly later.
It was extremely common for a landholding family to possess a surname that was derived from a place-name, usually from the place that was the family's residence. Indeed, the chief characteristic that distinguishes the surnames of landowners at an early period from those of other classes is that landowners tended to have a much larger proportion of surnames derived from place-names. There is a direct connection between the possession of a hereditary surname of this kind and the possession of a hereditary landed estate.
At the time of the conquest (William the Conqueror, 1066 AD) many if not most of the Norman landowners did not have surnames. (60% of the Conqueror 's men were Normans. The rest were German, French, Belgian, Briton, Flemish, etc. As for the land Barons, a few were Bretons and men from Flanders and Lorraine. Most were Normans. By 1086, 20 years after the conquest, Domesday Book shows only 2 English lords of any account. 4000 thegns had lost their lands and been replaced by less than 200 Barons. In 1066 less than 30% of property owners have non-English names. In 1207 it was 80%, mostly French like William, Robert & Richard.) After 1066 there was a widespread tendency for Normans holding land in England to adopt surnames derived from the names of places on their newly-acquired English estates. By 1086 we begin to find subtenants of Norman origins with surnames, mostly derived from the names of places where they held property. In the uncertain years after the Conquest, the use of hereditary surnames helped to clarify the right of ownership. This may well be the initial reason why surnames developed in this England."
The Norman Knights who occupied the lower rank of landowners usually did not acquire hereditary surnames until long after the Conquest. However, by about 1200, many knightly families had acquired hereditary names, and by about 1250 the great majority of such families, as well as a majority of large and medium landowners, had hereditary names. The need to identify themselves and their families with their estates, both in Normandy and England, seems to have motivated the great landowners to assume hereditary surnames. Still, they mostly took their names from English rather than Norman estates.
It was only in the 1350 to 1450 time period that the Anglo-Saxon common people (serfs, servants) began to use surnames. Before then they were a subjugated people under the Norman-French with no need of a surname.
As family names spread from their home country, usually slowly and by stages, they sometimes assumed new forms. Most of these changes are easy to spot, for they involved only slight differences in spelling or pronunciation. But some of the surnames found in Yorkshire parish registers were markedly changed in the course of only two or three generations. Dr. George Redmonds has shown that these family names could become identical with other surnames and more confusingly, with place-names and personal names with which they had no real connection.
These changes usually occurred when a family moved away from its native district. New neighbors turned an immigrant's name into something that sounded familiar to them and they often contracted the name to make it less of a mouthful.
Dr. George Redmonds has come to the conclusion that Mangham is a variant of Manningham, and he has published this opinion in his book, "The Surnames of Yorkshire".
Dr. Redmonds' knowledge of Yorkshire surname history is unrivalled. He has gathered his evidence through many years of painstaking work and has reached his conclusions gradually. I, personally (Timothy Mangham), have benefited greatly from his depth of knowledge. As Dr. Redmonds wrote in one of his letters to me, "I am still of the opinion that Mangham is a form of Manningham, albeit influenced by other similar names in the course of its history".
13th CENTURY England
In 13th century England, French had become the pre-eminent language. In effect it was the international language. It was spoken and written by anyone who wanted to consider himself civilized. Music, literature and architecture were all French. Any well-educated Englishmen had to be trilingual. First was English, his mother tongue. Second he needed to have at least some knowledge of Latin, the language of the Church. Last but not least it was vital that he be fluent in French, the practical language of law and estate management, song, verse & romance.
England, until the early 13th century, could be described as part of France overseas, and politically a French colony (though not one that belonged to the French King). Into the later parts of the 13th century and beyond it was a cultural colony of France.
MALHAM
Malham has already been dealt with extensively in the Journal. Please refer to Journal issue #45, page 21 "William & Ann Malham of Calton". Recently we have found Malham records which date from the time period 1070-1220. See the BIOGRAPHICAL DATABASE later in this Journal issue. These earliest Malham records are generally in the same time frame of the earliest Manningham records and since the dates are a range rather than a specific date, we cannot presently say which was the earliest…
The Village of MANNINGHAM
Manningham stands upon elevated ground about 175 meters overlooking the city of Bradford. (Bradford is in West Yorkshire, about two-thirds of the way up England and more or less half-way between the East and West coasts. It's about 70 miles from Hull and 70 miles from Liverpool.) It is geologically situated upon an island of Elland Flags, having coal seams of the Lower Carboniferous period. It is surrounded on the lower levels by Glacial deposits of boulder clay which covers Bradford, to the south-east, and extends towards Cottingley and Shipley. Manningham, formerly set within a rural area, is now a suburb of Bradford, the former bounds of Manningham township extending towards Dean Beck to the west and Bradford Beck to the east. Thornton Beck and the common boundary with Heaton township respectively formed the southern and northern bounds. The township, which included Girlington, Four Lane Ends, Whetley Hill, Lilycroft and Daisy Hill, became part of the Borough of Bradford with the granting of a Charter of Incorporation in 1847.
The place-name Manningham could be indicative of an Anglian settlement. Place-names can often indicate early settlement, and the name Manningham suggests English, rather than British, settlement since the terms -inga, or -ingas, and ham, are one of the oldest types of English place-name formation. Manningham likely evolved from the Old English personal name Maegen, (From Yorkshire Surnames Series, Part One-Bradford and District. (1990) by George Redmonds, ISBN 0 9508526 5 1, page 36 "Manningham (see also Mangham) From Manningham in Bradford. The place-name is a difficult one but has been explained by Smith as 'Maegen's homestead'. Although the surname occurs often enough in early Bradford records, and survived in South Yorkshire into the late 16th century at least, most of its history since c1600 has been outside the country. 1240-Matthew de Mainghama (YAS 25), 1342-Robert Manyngham (Bradford) (BAS), 1412-Thomas Manyngham (Manningham) (CR), 1585-Janet Maningham (Doncaster) (PR)") subsequently adopted as the folk-name of the community to mean the homestead of Maegan's folk, the element ham, meaning a village, community, manor, or homestead (Smith 1961, 36; Faull and Stinson 1981, 181). One might surmise, therefore, that there might have been a 7th century Anglian farmstead here. (In a letter from Timothy Mangham: "It was probably an old estate, renamed for an estate in Normandy or other country." From Dr. Eilert Ekwall "The Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names", page 313. Manningham means "The 'ham'' or village of the people of Maegan (A Saxon personal name). References to Manningham can still be found in Bradford as a street name, a park and a parish. Bradford was once part of the industrial revolution but now is a place of deserted factories and tenant row houses.")
Manningham is not mentioned in the Domesday Survey of 1086, probably because it was one of the six unnamed outlying estates of Bradford. The De Lacy family were granted Manningham after the Conquest, and Edmund de Lacy was granted free warren (the right to hunt game animals and birds) here in 1249 and 1251. A survey of 1311 describes Manningham as a berewick (outlying estate) attached to the manor of Bradford. According to the survey, the inhabitants were mainly bondmen who were required to repair the dam of Bradford Mill as part of their service to the Lord of the Manor. The Manningham family held four oxgangs of freehold land in this period, an oxgang being the amount of land a single ox could plough within a year (Cudworth 1896). The measurement of an oxgang varied according to the nature of the soil, nominally believed to be between 8 and 15 acres in extent, although In Yorkshire could contain as little as 4 or as many as 28 acres (Faull and Moorhouse 1981, 241).
Little is known about medieval Manningham, but a map by Robert Saxton dated 1613 reveals Manningham as a small village or hamlet set within a landscape of cultivated fields. Common fields included The West Feilde, Midlefeilde and Highfeilde. The village is shown as comprising 12 buildings, nine of which stood on a parcel of land enclosed by roadways later known as Church Street, Carlisle Road and Conduit Street. The remaining three dwellings stood immediately west, east, and north of the settlement. The building to the east possibly represented Manningham Old Hall, although a sketch of the hall illustrated in The History of Manningham by W. Cudworth notes the hall was built in 1639 (Cudworth 1896, 129). A small group of dwellings were also situated at the northern end of Skinner Lane.
Settlement elsewhere within the township in 1613 comprised dispersed minor settlements connected by a network of routeways and tracks. Only two dwelling are shown situated at the north end of Manningham Lane, one standing on or near the site of Clock House, on the eastern side of the road. Two unnamed hamlets or farmsteads are depicted to the north of Manningham, identified on 19th-century maps as The Trees and Hill Top, the latter subsequently becoming the site of Manningham House (Saxton 1613, Manningham Township maps 1811 and 1839). Many of the routes connecting these early settlements have been incorporated into the present road system of today. Carlisle Road, formerly known as Back Lane, Church Street, Skinner Lane, Duce Lane (now part of Oak Lane), and Lumb Lane, originate from the 17th century or earlier. The main route in 1613 was the Kinges Hye Strete, now forming part of White Abbey Road.
There was little change to the settlement pattern of Manningham between 1613 and 1811 (Saxton 1613, Manningham Township map 1811). Development had occurred in the form of rows, or blocks, of housing by 1839 to the south side of Church Street and along Skinner Lane (Thomas Dixon's Township map 1839). St Paul's Church, immediately north of Church Street, was built in 1846, within an area of land formerly known as Stocks Green, derived from the site of the townships stocks (Cudworth 1896). To the east of the village, east of Manningham Lane, large villas such as Bolton Royd and Spring Bank were built between 1811 and 1849. Rows of terraced housing, for the less wealthy, were also constructed within this period, mainly concentrating to the south of the township on land between Manningham Lane and White Abbey Road. Development included Green Lane, Southfield Place, Park Square, Belgrave Place, and Hanover Square (Manningham Township map 1811, Tithe map 1849).
Census records of 1861 noted that many houses erected within Manningham were for the superior classes and were occupied by the principal families of the district. Proposed building plots to the west of Manningham Lane, to be called Mornington and Walmer Villas, Aspley Crescent, Marlborough Road, Marlborough Place, and Wellesley Terrace, were advertised for sale in 1853. The conditions of sale stipulating quality construction and that no buildings should be used for business or industrial purposes (Smith 1853). Two plots of building land situated adjacent to Eldon Place and Eldon Terrace were similarly advertised for sale in 1872 and described as within an area of high class property (Dixon and Hindle 1872).
There were no religious institutions within Manningham township until the 19th century when both churches and schools were built to meet the needs of a growing population. The earliest Wesleyan chapel was erected at White Abbey in 1838 and enlarged in 1858 with adjoining schools in 1878. Greenfield Chapel, the first Congregational to be erected in Manningham, opened in 1852, and St Jude's Church in 1843, its congregation mainly comprising the wealthier classes from Hanover Square and Peel Square. Later churches included St Marks church 1874 and St Lukes, on Victor Road in 1880-1 (Cudworth 1896). The confined area of Eldon Place contained three churches, including Christ Church and Hallfield Baptist Chapel (Dixon and Hindle 1872; O.S. 1932). Cottages were demolished in Golden Square, White Abbey, to make way for a Mission room, which subsequently in 1881 developed into St Mary Magdalene's church for the lower classes of the community (Dickinson 1971, 13).
The church of St. Paul's was built on the side of a hill which overlooks the Aire valley, close to the village of Manningham, a couple of miles from the town of Bradford, under the shadow of the burgeoning Lilly Croft Mill. The architects designed the church with a magnificent spire which towers over the surrounding area like a beacon. Paid for by modest philanthropist John Hollings, it immediately established itself as a center for village life.
Schools included Back Lane School, built in 1832, that was also used as a Sunday school. In 1883 the school was handed to Bradford Corporation for use as a public library and reading room. A National School was built between 1839 and 1846 to the west of Heaton Road, south of Manningham Mills, and St Jude's school erected in 1846. Nuns at St Jude's established a middle class school at Eldon Place for daughters of the wealthy, which eventually closed, subsequently becoming Bradford Childrens' Hospital (Dickinson 1971).
Institutions were also established to care for the sick and needy. The Bradford Tradesmen's Homes, Lilycroft, was built by the Tradesmens' Benevolent Society between 1868-70 as a home for pensioners/tradespeople who had fallen into poverty. The home contained a hall where religious services could be held. The education of poorer children was also provided by the nuns of St Jude's who established a school for 'ragged Children' in 1873 on premises in Hanover Square (Dickinson 1971). Manningham had become densely populated by the end of the 19th century with the infilling of open spaces by rows of terraced housing. The area, however, continued to be fashionable and larger residences were also built for the wealthy. Between 1871 and 1893 remaining land to the east of Manningham Lane had been built upon, comprising larger scale housing with gardens (Willmott Map 1871; O.S. 1893). The overall large-scale development within this period subsequently involved changes and demolition of some older buildings to make way for improvements and road widening. Demolition within the village included a block of houses on Church Street which, according to a datestone, dated to 1625. Stocks Green, near St Paul's Church, and the area around Skinner Lane, had completely changed by 1896. Marlborough Road, established in 1854, and the widening of Carlisle Road in 1869, similarly involved the demolition of early housing. Elsewhere within the township, the original site of The Trees was destroyed to make way for modern development and road systems, similarly both Wheatley Hall and Whetley House were demolished, the land utilized for middle class housing. Lilycroft also had changed 'beyond recognition' by the late 19th century (Cudworth 1896).
The northern side of Manningham township remained virtually free of industrial development in the 19th century, apart from Lilly Croft Mill (worsted), established in 1838 to the west of Heaton Road. Subsequently known as Lister's Mill and Manningham Mills, it was later used for the spinning and manufacture of silk. Destroyed by fire in 1871 the mill was rebuilt and enlarged in 1873-4 to the design of Bradford architects Messrs Andrews and Pepper, the new fire proof building covering an area of c. 11 acres and comprised the largest and most complete mill in Europe, with a staff of 4000. Bradford Observer in November 1873 commented that it 'presented architectural features altogether superior to any other' (White's Directory 1881; Yorkshire Journal 1998, no.24, 67). A 19 week strike by workers at the mill, between December 1890 and April 1891, played a major role in the formation of the Independent Labour Party (Laybourn 1976, 7)
The Lister family resided at Manningham House to the east of the mill. Set within its own parkland, the estate was sold below its market value to Bradford Corporation in 1870. The house was demolished and replaced in 1898-9 by the Cartwright Memorial Hall, the grounds subsequently used as a public park known as Lister Park. An open-air swimming pool, with changing cubicles around three sides of the bath, opened in June 1915, and other facilities included tennis courts, bowling greens, and a botanical garden (Bradford library n.d; O.S. 1934). The park in now included in the Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest (English Heritage, n.d.).
Lister's Park and mill are presently set within the designated Conservation Area of North Park. This CA, with other CAs within the township, help preserve the complexity and diversity of social development that occurred here from the 19th century. Similarly many of the rural bounds of field systems and trackways recorded by Saxton in 1613, and early 19th century maps, are reflected in the housing patterns and road systems of the present day.
Manningham is now one of Bradford's most disadvantaged areas, having an unemployment rate of 32 per cent, compared to an average of around 10 per cent for the rest of the city. Some 70 per cent of its population under 30 are of Pakistani/Kashmiri/Bangladeshi origin. Around 45 per cent of these are unemployed. Violent riots in 2001 further depressed the area. Many of the participants were given long prison sentences.
K. Keith 14.07.2003
Bibliography Birdsall, M., Szekely, G., Walker, P., 2002, The Illustrated History of Bradford Suburbs Bradford City Library, n.d., Open Air Swimming Bath, B613.47LIS Bradford City Library, c.1948, 'St Pauls: One Hundred Years, B283ONE Bradford City Library, 1939, 'Description and History of the Bath', B613.47LIS Cudworth, W., 1896, Manningham, Heaton and Allerton Dickinson, B. A., 1971, A Study of Manningham James, D., 1990, Bradford James, D., 1987, Victorian Bradford' The Living Past Jenkins, S., 29th Nov.1987, Save our Cities, 'Sunday Times Magazine', Bradford City Library,Cuttings Book,30, B942SUN Kelly & Co., 1861, Post Office Directory The West Riding of Yorkshire Kelly & Co, 1917, Directory of Bradford, Part 1 Laybourn, K., 1976, The Manningham Mills Strike: Its Importance in Bradford History, Bradford Antiquary, 1976, pp7-37 Robertshaw, W. (ed), 1940, Manningham in the 17th Century, Bradford Antiquary, Vol. VIII, (New Series VI), pp60-89 Sheeran, G., 1986, Back-to-Back Houses in Bradford, The Bradford Antiquary, Third Series, No.2 Tetley, L., Winter 1998, 'Yorkshire Journal', No.24, pp67-71 White, W., 1881, Clothing District Directory, Part 1
Maps Bradford City Library, 1811, Manningham Township map, MAN181MAN Dixon, T., 1839, Manningham Township Map (copy of 1877) Dixon, T., 1846, Map of the Borough of Bradford 1844, 1845 & 1846, Bradford City Library BRA1844/6DIX Dixon and Hindle, 1872, Sale Plan of Freehold Building Plots, Eldon Place; Bradford City Library BRA1872DIX Lister, G., 1841, Plan of an Estate in the Township of Manningham, Sale Plan, Bradford City Library MAN1841LIS Lister, G., 1847, Plan of an Estate in the Township of Manningham, Sale Plan, Bradford City Library MAN1847LIS Ordnance Survey, 1852, Six inch to the mile series, Sheet 216 Ordnance Survey, 1909, Six inch to the mile series, Sheet 201SE Ordnance Survey, 1909, Six inch to the mile series, Sheet 216NE Ordnance Survey, 1932, Six inch to the mile series, Sheet 216NE Ordnance Survey, 1934, Six inch to the mile series, Sheet 201SE Ordnance Survey, 1893, 25 inch to the mile series, Sheets 201.15 Ordnance Survey, 1893, 25 inch to the mile series, Sheets 201.16 Ordnance Survey, 1893, 25 inch to the mile series, Sheets 216.3 Ordnance Survey, 1893, 25 inch to the mile series, Sheets 216.4 Ordnance Survey, 1932, 25 inch to the mile series, Sheets 216.3 Ordnance Survey, 1932, 25 inch to the mile series, Sheets 216.4 Ordnance Survey, 1934, 25 inch to the mile series, Sheets 201.15 Ordnance Survey, 1934, 25 inch to the mile series, Sheets 201.16 Saxton, R., 1613, A Plan of all the Lands within the Township of Manningham, Bradford City Library MAN1613SAX Smith & Gotthardt, 1865, Hallfield House Sale Plan, Bradford City Library MAN1865 SMI Smith, J., 1853, Sale Plan of Sites for Residences in the Township of Manningham to be called Mornington Villas etc., Bradford City Library MAN1853SMI West Yorkshire Archive Service, Leeds, 1849, Map of the Township of Manningham (Tithe), 55D93/10a Willmott, E., 1871, The Ryburn Map of Victorian Bradford (1987 copy)
MANNINGHAM To Mangham
One theory is that Manningham gave rise to the Yorkshire Manghams. Most of the English linguists believe this is so. J. D. A. Widdowson, Director of The National Centre for English Cultural Tradition, writes: "It is certainly a possibility that your surname (Mangham) could be a contraction of Manningham. This fuller form, Manningham, is still well known in the city of Bradford, and it would be perfectly logical for this longer form to be contracted to the present form and pronunciation of your surname . Such syncopations are quite common in English, and in this particular case the final 'n' of the first two syllables in particular is liable to such contraction.'
Further on he writes: 'Mangham - A possible variant of Manningham. There are precedents for this type of development e.g. Hemingbrough, Hembrough. A quite different explanation was offered by Halliwell Sutcliffe in "Striding Dales". 1672-John Mangam (Leeds) (HT), 1685-Simon Mangham (Hebden) (Hoyle)"
"The man who says his name was always spelled as it is today is talking rank nonsense." -Dr. P. H. Reaney
MATTHEW DE MAINGHAM
In the earliest records of the City of Pontefract where, incidentally, Richard II was clubbed to death in 1400, we find references made to one "Matthew de Maingham" between the years 1240-1246, after which he mysteriously disappears.
Matthew de Maingham was probably born in North Central England, probably at Manningham, now Bradford, and inherited property belonging to his family. Because he is shown as "de Maingham" or "of Maingham" and therefore associated with a specific estate or place, he may have been a Norman-French nobleman or at least his ancestors were kin or followers of William the Conqueror. He was likely an eldest son. The Norman-French thought it stylish to have place names added to their names, signifying ownership of an estate. Matthew's ancestors probably came over as one of William's soldiers, or in the general migration of Normans and associated peoples to England after William began to rule. He may have been given an estate at Manningham, or even established Manningham, some time after the 1066 conquest.
This Matthew de Maingham is the first surname similar to Mangham to be found in any of the English records. He is referenced by George Redmonds in his book, "The Surnames of Bradford and District" (page 36), and by A. H. Smith in his book, "The Place-Names of the West Riding of Yorkshire" (page-246). In their notes they cite their source as the publications of "The Yorkshire Archaeological Society" (volume 25).
Those individuals in medieval records who have a reference to a property affixed to their Christian names, such as "Matthew de Maingham", were usually Norman-French warlords who had been granted various villages and agricultural districts as their part in the division of the spoils of war.
Now, this particular Norman Chieftain, Matthew de Maingham, may, or may not, have been the founder of our family- and thus, the great-grandfather of us all. But, whatever his relationship is to us, he is certainly the first 'Mangham' to be found in any of the English Records.
References
1. A History of British Surnames" by R A. McKinley
2. "Family Names and Family History" by David Hey, Chapter 2-"The Normans
Summary
The Manningham surname was apparently taken from the Village of Manningham, now part of Bradford. Manningham may have been an Anglian settlement and may have evolved from an old English Saxon personal name, Maegen. Timothy Mangham thinks it might have been an old estate, renamed during Norman times for an estate in Normandy, or other country. It was probably one of the unnamed outlying estates of Bradford when the Domesday Book was written in 1086.
One of the
|
Chris & Julie Petersen's Genealogy
d. Abt 26 Dec 1737, Upper Parish, Isle of Wight, Virginia, United States