| Notes |
- BIOGRAPHY:
1. 11 Apr 2001 website <http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~stanfam/founders.htm>: "Original Proprietors of Hartford, CT., 1636. List of names of the Founders of Hartford, CT. from an obelisk in the Center Church Burial Ground, erected 1837"; includes the name of this individual.
2. From various Worldconnect databases as of 21 Sep 2007: "Its not yet known when Nathaniel emigrated to New England nor exactly where he came from. He first appears in Hartford, Connecticut not long after its founding. In 1634 the General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony gave permission for some of the colonists in Newtown (which became Cambridge) to "seeke out some convenient place" to establish a new settlement. The following October "about sixty men, women and little Children, went by land toward Connecticut with their cows, horses, and swine, and, after a tedious and difficult journey, arrived safe there" - see Winthrop''s journal. They were probably the first group of settlers in Hartford, nearly half of them recent arrivals from England. Their journey took about two weeks. In November, thirteen of the men returned to Newtown, staying in Hartford only long enough to claim house lots and help the new settlers get established. The following May the next group of settlers left Newtown under the leadership of Thomas Hooker. "They tramped across the wilderness between the Charles and the Connecticut rivers, driving their cattle before them and carrying their household goods in wagons and founded the towns of Hartford, Windsor, and Wethersfield." Nathaniel may have been with either group, or he may have come a bit later, but his name is inscribed on the east face of the Founders Monument of Hartford "in memory of the first settlers of Hartford." By 1640 he had been granted a home lot containing six acres on "the brow of the hill." His only daughter Sarah was married in Hartford on 11 Sep 1645. One week before his daughter's marriage, on 4 Sep 1645 the court awarded him five shillings and charges of court in an action he brought against Edwards in March. Twenty three years later on 7 May 1668 William Edwards "in behalf of his wife Agnis" sued Nathaniel "for illegal possession of land belonging to the said Edwards, lying on the east side of the Great River, for a surrender of the said land." Agnes Edwards' first husband was William Spencer, Sarah Bearding's brother-in-law. William Spencer had died in Hartford in 1640, so it seems this was a long standing dispute. On 6 Sep 1649, Nathaniel was fined ten shillings by the Particular Court "for sleeping in ye time of his watch." Nathaniel was chosen a townsmen in 1658 and in 1666 he was chosen a surveyor of the highways. On 18 August 1658 Nathaniel and George Graves along with several other men complained to the General Court against Mr. Webster, Captain Cullick, Mr. Goodwin, and Andrew Bacon "in ye name of the rest of ye withdrawers at Hartford." The "withdrawers" were men who left the First Church of Hartford over a dispute involving baptism. The Court deferred the complaint until October so that they could "procure what light and help they can in the case." Several years later Nathaniel married George's sister, Abigail Graves, the recent widow of William Andrews. On 3 October 1669 Nathaniel's name appears on a list of freemen in Hartford "on the north side of the river" - see J. Hammond Trumbull's "Records of the Colony of Connecticut" 1:130, 137, 193, 318 and 2:518. Five years later he made his will and died that fall: 'I Nathaniel Berding of Hartford upon the River of Connecticut, planter doe in this my last will and testament give unto Abigaill my wife the sum of twenty pounds to be paid her in such pay as may bee comfortable for her not in any horse flesh; I doe also give to Abigaill my wife three cows both which gifts for her to possess and fivety shillings in peas fivety shillings in Indian corne and fivety shillings in pork all at the countey price; my will is also that Abigaill my wife shall have the two ould lower romes and the celler and the leanto for her to dwell in or dispose of all these during the time of her life; I do also give to my son-in-law Thomas Spencer the elder the sum of fivetene pounds to bee paid to him within the space of twoe years after my disease; I doe also give to Samuel Andrews and Elizabeth his wife the sum of fourty pounds to be paid him after the decease of my wife his mother; my parcel of land at Potunck and my household stuff to be to his for partt of that legacy; I doe also give to Sarah Spencer and to Hannah Spencer and to Mary Spencer and to Martha Spencer the fouer daughters of Thomas Spencer the elder the sum of tenn pounds to be equally devided amongst them that is to eather of them fivety shillings to be paid to them after my wife's decease. I do also give to John Andrews twenty shillings; I doe also give to Thomas Andrews twentye shillings to be paid after the discease of my wife their mother; alsoe my will is that my debts and theise legacies may be paid out of my moveable estate that so much as may be of my houseing and other lands may be kept intire. I have desired Paul Peck senior and George Graves to see this my will to bee performed, and i do hereby give to the said Paul Peck and Georg Graves the sum of fourty shillings for each man my debts and these legasyes being paid and my desires in this my will being attended. I go hereby give the remaining part of my estate to Jarrrett Spencer my grandchild whoe is the son of Thomas Spencer the elder; I doe also hereby make the sayd Jarrett my execquitor of this my will. My will also is that Abigaill my wife should have the use of all my household stuff during hir life; my will also is that my execquitor shold kepe all my houseing and barne and fenceing belonging to house and land in repaire; my will is also that what corn or provisions shall be in hand at my discease shall be for Abigail my wife as part of the twenty pounds I have before given hir; my will also is that Abigail my wife shall chose out of my cowes which cowes she will have for the three cowes given hir. In Witness hereof I have hereunto sett my hand dated this 7th of January 1673/4. The inventory of Nathaniel's estate was taken 14 Sep 1674 by Paul Peck, George Grave and Caleb Stanly and was valued at 282.15.10. See Hartford Probate Packets, film #1020549.'"
3. The book "Families of Early Hartford, Connecticut," Lucius Barnes Barbour, 1982 ed.: "William Andrews died 1659. Early member 1st Church [of Hartford]. Name on Founders' Monument [in downtown Hartford]. Mar. 1st Mary Jan. 19, 1639/40 (Savage) at Cambridge. M/2 Abigail Mch 20, 1682/3 who m. Nathaniel Bearding. [Kerry's note: date of 2nd marriage is evidently wrong considering William died in 1659. Additionally, Nathaniel Bearding notes Abigail as being the mother of Samuel Andrews in his will which would make a marriage between William Andrews and Abigail more likely before 1645 unless Nathaniel was speaking of Abigail in a generic sense without specifying whether she was the natural mother or stepmother.] Children:
Samuel, b. Oct. 20, 1645 (HTR) m. Elizabeth Spencer.
Abigail, died May 1653 (HTR) in Fairfield.
Christian, m. John Birchard.
John, died June 6, 1690 m. Mary.
Elizabeth, m. Edward Grannis May 3, 1654 (HTR).
Thomas, b. May 4, 1638 (Conn Land Rec) m. Hannah Kirby dau of John.
Esther, b. Sept 1641 (Conn Land Rec) m. Thomas Spencer Jr. of Suffield.
William Andrews, freeman Mass. Mch 4, 1634-5; constable, Newtown Oct 1636; an original proprietor of Hartford; received 30 acres in the division of 1639-40; his home lot was south of the Little River on land now included in the West Park. He was the first schoolmaster, teaching from 1643 until 1656; town clerk 1651-8. Will dated April 1, inv. Aug 8, 1659 ₤211.14.11, mentions his second wife Abigail and also names 'bro George Grave'.
Samewell Andrewes sun of William Andrewes was borne Oct. 21, 1645."
[Kerry's note: we can assume that George Graves was the brother-in-law to William making Abigail's maiden name Graves.]
4. FHL book 929.273 Sp33 "The Spencers of the Great Migration," by Jack Taif Spencer and Edith Woolley Spencer (Gateway Press, Baltimore; 1997) vol. 1, pp. 172-177 has a transcript and analysis of the will dated 9 Sep 1686 of Thomas1 Spencer (see his notes for transcript). He mentions all nine of his children, but not his wife Sarah who preceded him in death. Some of his children are also mentioned in the wills of his first wife's brother Barnabas Derifall (who died 1680) and his second wife's father Nathaniel Bearding (who died 1674):
"The Interpretation of the Will of Thomas1 Spencer.
Jacobus reported that Sarah Bearding Spencer, wife of Thomas1 Spencer, as dying before 1674 since she was not named in her father's (Nathaniel Bearding) will which was proven in 1674 (year of father's death).
The inventory of of the Thomas1 estate set the total value at ₤139 19 00, but does not mention the value of his shop or tools or of the considerable amount of land which he had purchased during his lifetime. (A separate analysis is being made of the multiple transactions in Hartford and will be published in a different article).
Not mentioned in this Will was the fact that Thomas had received a grant of 60 acres in 1660 in recognition of his military and civic services to the colony and the city of Hartford. It is possible that his woodworking shop and tools were included in the value of "home lot and housing" which was set at 50 pounds.
It is interesting that a nephew, Samuel2 Spencer, the only son of his brother, William1 Spencer, was named as an overseer in the Will. Samuel2 Spencer spent his whole life at Hartford and fathered eight children by Sarah Meakins. Samuel's last Child, in fact, was born just a few months before the death of Thomas1 in 1687...
In an earlier chapter, the present authors gave a detailed account of the inter-connections of the four or five families in Hartford who were related by cross marriages. As a sequel to that story, we have constructed a chart to show the beneficiaries of the estates of four pioneers who willed property and money to their children (or nieces and nephews) and sometimes to grandchildren. The four pioneers in order of death were William1 Andrews (d. 1659), Nathaniel Bearding (d. 1674), Barnabas Derifall (Derifeild) (d. 1680) and Thomas1 Spencer (d. 1687). All were residents of Hartford except Barnabas Derifall who lived in Braintree (West Quincy), Massachusetts.
The children involved as legatees were the nine children of Thomas1 Spencer (Ann Derifall and Sarah Bearding)and the six children of William1 Andrews. The latter also had two wives, of whom only the second has been identified (Abigail Graves). Abigail in later years became the second wife of Nathaniel Bearing (no children).
In order to simplify the chart of beneficiaries, we have not included any of the surviving spouses.
Chart: The Distribution of Assests to children from the Estates of Four Pioneers in New England [KP Note: reformatted for my transcript:]
Various estates:
A. Barnabas Derifall (d. 1680) of Braintree, MA.
B. Thomas1 Derifall (d. 1687) of Hartford.
C. Nathaniel Bearding (d. 1674) of Hartford
D. William1 Andrews (d. 1659) of Hartford
Children of Thomas1 Spencer (1607-1687):
-Obadiah2 Spencer A, B
-Thomas2 Spencer A, B
-Samuel2 Spencer A, B, C
-Sarah2 Spencer Huxley B
-Elizabeth2 Spencer Andrews B
-Gerard2 Spencer B
-Hannah2 Spencer Sexton-Brainerd B, C
-Mary2 Spencer Root B, C
-Martha2 Spencer Benton B, C
Children of William1 Andrews (d. 1659)
-John2 Andrews C, D
-Abigail2 Andrews D
-Elizabeth2 Andrews Grannis D
-Thomas2 Andrews C, D
-Esther2 Andrews Spencer D
-Samuel2 Andrews C, D
The emerging pattern from the chart illustrates the dichotomy which characterized the bequests from Nathaniel Bearding - some assets to his grandchildren in the Thomas1 Spencer family, but excluding any children who had been born to the first wife of Thomas1, Ann Derifall - a not unlikely scenario for those who did not share his bloodlines.
Nathaniel Bearding's legatees among the Andrews children showed some separation, but of a considerably different character. Nathaniel had only two step grandchildren, Esther2 Andrews and Samuel2 Andrews. Samuel2 was a major beneficiary with 40 pounds, while Esther2 Andrews Spencer was not named in the will. On the other hand, Nathaniel Bearding made bequests to John2 Andrews and Thomas2 Andrews who were bore no blood relation to Nathaniel We believe the explanation of the latter two bequests was based on the fact that Abigail Graves Andrews-Bearding had raised the four children (stepchildren) from William Andrews first marriage to Mary Britton as well as her own two children by William1 Andrews.
In the case of the bequests by Thomas1 Spencer, there is an oddity in the fact that his son Samuel2 Spencer essentially was excluded from the will (except for clothing). We do not believe this is an indication of differential favoritism among the sons, but the fact that Samuel2 had been well provided for in the will of his grandfather, Barnabas Derifall of Braintree, Massachusetts.
Abigail2 Andrews was not named in her father's will because she had died (1653) some years before her father's death.
The only other aspect of the estates is the fact that females in general received only token recognition from the father or grandfather as the case might be. It was the sons and grandsons who always were the major legatees."
5. FHL book 929.273 Sp33 "The Spencers of the Great Migration," by Jack Taif Spencer and Edith Woolley Spencer (Gateway Press, Baltimore; 1997) vol. 1, partial excerpts from pp. 261-263 (see notes of Thomas2 Spencer for full transcript):
"The Families Immediately Related to Thomas1 and Thomas2 in Hartford.
Because a rather complex relationship existed among the immediate relatives of Thomas1 in Hartford, the present authors have prepared a separate article (1995) on the interrelationships of Thomas1 and Thomas2 to the Andrews, Graves, and Bearding families. A brief summary is presented in the following notes along with the accompanying chart.
Linkages Among The Andrews, Graves, Bearding and Spencer Families in Hartford [KP note: reformatted for my transcription]:
William1 Andrews (-1659)
m.(l) Mary Britton. Children by Wife#1:
-John2 (ca.1632-1690)
-Abigail2 (1634-1653)
-Elizabeth2 (1636-)
-Thomas2 (1638-)
m.(2) Abigail Graves (-1683). [Abigail marries Nathaniel1 Bearding as his second wife.] children by Wife #2:
-Esther2 (1641-1698) [Esther marries Thomas2 Spencer.]
-Samuel2 (1645-1712)
Thomas1 Spencer (1607-1689)
m.(1) Ann Derifall (1610-1645). Children by Wife #1:
-Obadiah 2 (c.1639-1712)
-Thomas 2 (1641-1689) [Thomas marries Esther2 Andrews.]
-Samuel 2 (1643-1727)
m. (2) Sarah Bearding (-1674). [Sarah is child from Nathaniel1 Bearding's first wife.] children by Wife #2:
-Sarah2 (ca1646-1712)
-Elizabeth2 (1648)
-Gerard2 (1651-1712)
-Hannah2 (1653-1713)
-Mary 2 (1655-1690)
-Martha2 (1658-1704)
Nathaniel1 Bearding (-1674)
m. (1) ___. Children by Wife #1:
-Sarah2 Bearding [Becomes 2nd wife of Thomas1 Spencer]
m. (2)Abigail (Graves) Andrews (-1683) [Abigail marries William1 Andrews as his second wife.]
The first list on the left shows the children descended from William1 Andrews, while the list on the right shows the one child (Sarah) of Nathaniel1 Bearding. Sandwiched between these two lists are the descendants of Thomas1 Spencer and his two wives, Ann Derifall and Sarah Bearding. Connecting lines indicate the intermarriages.
Abigail (Graves) Andrews (d. 1683) was the second wife of William1 Andrews of Hartford and the mother of Esther Andrews (1641-1698) who married Thomas2 Spencer (later of Suffield). Esther Andrews had a brother, Samuel Andrews (1645-1712), who married Elizabeth2 Spencer, a half sister to Thomas2 Spencer.
In later life, Abigail. (Graves) Andrews married Nathaniel Bearding as his second wife. Earlier, Nathaniel Bearding had a daughter Sarah who became the second wife of Sgt. Thomas1 Spencer.
All of the above is totally unintelligible unless the reader makes a careful study of the chart."
6. The book "The Great Migration," by Robert Charles Anderson, pp. 64-67:
"WILLIAM ANDREWS
ORIGIN: Unknown
MIGRATION: 1634
FIRST RESIDENCE: Cambridge
REMOVES: Hartford 1637
OCCUPATION: Schoolmaster at Hartford, 1643, 1648, 1650, 1655 (and probably other years) [HaTR 65, 87,94, 108]...
MARRIAGE: By about 1632 Abigail ___. (She may have been sister of George Graves of Hartford [TAG 35:56].) She married (2) Nathaniel Barding [Manwaring 1:182-83; TAG 35:56] and died 26 March 1682/3 (unless this is the date the inventory was taken, in which case she probably died somewhat earlier) [Hartford PD Case #478]..."
7. The book "Colonial Ancestors. Four lineal genealogies of eastern Connecticut families…," by Bernice Andrews (Livingston) Rieg (Camden, Maine; Penobscot Press, 1991), pp. 1-7 [Note: I neglected to copy the source list.]:
"WILLIAM ANDREWS
"Andrews" is a patronymic - son of Andrew - and Scottish roots dominate over other possible geographic origins in the British Isles. A popular name in Scotland, where St. Andrew of course is the patron saint, contrariwise its occurrence in England is rare. The surname, "Andrews," contains connotations of "manly," and "strong."
The American line begins with William Andrews of Hartford, an original proprietor, and follower of the great congregationalist, Thomas Hooker. William served in Hartford both as school teacher and town clerk, important and responsible offices. Others of the family in America, besides being farmers, as almost all the early people were, have been military men and small, independent businessmen.
In more than one generation, the absence or loss of the father has shown the wife or widow to be strong and capable, as will be seen.
WILLIAM1 ANDREWS, whose place and date of birth are not known, died in Hartford, Conn., between 01 Apl 1659, when his will was written, and 08 Aug of the same year, when the inventory of his estate was taken by Edward Stebbing, George Grave and George Barnard.[1] William married ABIGAIL (? - GRAVE), thought to have been the sister of George Grave, Senior, of Hartford; after her husband's death, Abigail married second, Nathaniel Berden (or, Bearding) who died 14 Sep 1674;[2] and she died in Hartford, 20 Mch 1682/3.[3]
Abigail (? - Grave) (Andrews) Berden's nuncupative exhibited in Court 04 Apl 1683, presents an interesting family relationship, since her son Samuel, in his recollections of his mother's instructions, referred to his mother as, "Grandmother"! This was possible because Samuel, son of William and Abigail Andrews, married Elizabeth Spencer, daughter of Thomas Spencer and his second wife, Sarah Berden, daughter of Nathaniel and his first wife. Thus, when the widow Abigail Andrews married Nathaniel Berden, she became step-mother to Sarah (Berden) Spencer and step-grandmother to Sarah's daughter, Elizabeth Spencer, the wife of her son Samuel Andrews.
There is much confusion regarding the wife (wives) of this William Andrews as he, an early settler of Hartford, but an even earlier resident of Newtowne (Cambridge), has been mixed up with the mariner, William Andrews of Cambridge, Mass.[5] Many writers have accepted as fact that the Mary Andrews who died in Cambridge, Mass., 19 Jan 1639/40, was the wife of the Hartford William, and that Abigail was a second wife. This seems improbable as William of Hartford had a son, Thomas, born and recorded in Hartford, 04 May 1638.[6] After the death of his wife Mary on 19 Jan 1639/40, the Cambridge William married Reana James of Watertown about August 1640, their marriage contract being dated 11 Aug 1640. He died in 1652, leaving an only son Samuel.
Confusion also exists as to the exact relationship (if any) between William Andrews of Hartford on the one hand, and John Andrews of Farmington and Francis Andrews of Fairfield on the other. The possibility exists that the latter two are sons by an earlier marriage of William's; it is also possible that they are younger brothers or half brothers of William. There may be no relationship at all, but some kind of relationship does appear likely. [7]
However this may be, the three sons of William Andrews by his wife, Abigail, are well established: in a conveyance of land dated 20 Jan 1674/5, Abigail referred to the "Naturall Love to my son John Andrews & my son Thomas Andrews & my son Samll Andrews & my son in law Thomas Spencer Junior & in persueance of the Last will & testament of my Loueing husband William Andrews..."[8]
In all probability, William and his family reached Hartford from Cambridge in the year 1637.[9] As indicated above, the birth of Thomas is recorded as of 04 May 1638.[10] William received 30 acres of land in the 03 Jan 1639/40 division,[11] altogether 11 parcels were recorded in the original distribution[12] as belonging to him. His home lot was south of the Little River in land now probably included in Bushnell Park.[13]
About six years after his arrival in Hartford, William Andrews was appointed teacher. According to the general town meeting held in April 1643, it was ordered:
"yt mr Androwes Sholld teach the chilldren in the Scoole one yere nextt ensewing from the 25 of march, 1643, & yt he Shall haue for his paynes 16l & tharefore the Tounsmen Shall go & inquier who will ingeage them Selues to Send thare childeren & all yt do So Shall pay for one querter at the leaste & for more if thay do send them after the pportion of twenty shilings the yeare & if thay go any weckes more then a euen quarter thay Shall pay 6d p weck & if any wolld Send thare childeren & and are not abell to pay for thare teaching: thay Shall glue Notes of it to the tounsmen & thay Shall pay it at the Tounes charges & mr androues shall kepe the acount betwen the childrens scolling & him Selfe & Send nottes at the Tymes of payment & demand it & if his wages doth not So cam in then the Tounsmen must colectt & pay it, or if The ingagmentes corn not to Sixtene poundes then thay Shall pay wt is wanting at the Tounes Charges"[14]
In 1644, William was a member of the jury.[14] On 09 Apl 1646, Edward Stebbing complained against Samuel Marten and William Andrews because they loaded 97 bushels of corn aboard a vessel at Hartford which departed without the men entering the corn according to "order." They had to provide £40 in bail as guarantee they would appear at the next court.[16] In 1651, William Andrews was appointed Town Clerk,[17] a position he kept until just before his death in 1659; thus, it is his handwriting that appears in those early records. That William was able to read and write, to be Recorder and Schoolmaster, indicates that he came from a family of the financial means and position to have provided him with an education.
By the year 1659, William Andrews was sick and weak in body though not in mind; indeed, the year before John Winthrop, Jr. had called him, "senex," a term which Winthrop rarely used for men much under 70 years of age.[18] Obviously this problem of William's age raises again the question of his wife (wives): at the normal age for marrying did he marry an unknown woman by whom he had John Andrews of Farmington and Francis Andrews of Fairfield? Or were they younger brothers? Certainly John and Francis hadto have some close relationship to William to explain Abigail and Elizabeth (daughters of William and Abigail) being permitted to live away from Hartford with these two younger families.[19]
It was in this year of 1659 that William wrote his last will and testament, but apparently did not have the strength to sign his name; as presented in Manwaring's Digest:
"...Will dated 1 April, 1659; I, William Andrews, being sick and weak, but of perfect memory, do in this my last Will & Testament give and bequeath to Abigail, my wife, my House, Barne & House Lott as it is Inclosed between my son Edward Grannis and mee; allsoe, I doe give & bequeath to Abigail, my wife, all my Meadow & Swamp Land lieinge in the South Meadow and that lieth in the place called Hockanum, and all my Upland Ground elsewhere, during the time of her naturall life; allsoe, I give to the sd. Abigail 2 Cowes, one yearling Calf; also I give to Abigail, my wife, fower yards of Kersey with 3 dozen of Buttons and silke, and all other of my Moveable Goods, during the time that she liveth unmarried. If she marry (again), then my Will is, that such of the Moveables as shee can conveniently spare shall be disposed off amonge our Children as shee seeth meete, with the advice of the Overseers. My Will is, to give to my son John one workinge steer; alsoe, that Abigail, my wife, shall dispose of my Land, Meadow, Swamp, Howsing and Homelott amonge our Children, to every one of them some, as shee shall think fitt with the advice and Consent of the Overseers. I doe make Abigail, my wife, Executrix, and I doe Intreat my friend Edward Stebbinge and my Brother George Grave to assist and to see this my Will performed.
Witness: Edward Stebbing,
George Grave. [Not signed]"[20]
The inventory, taken 08 Aug 1659 by Edward Stebbing, George Grave and John Barnard, amounted to £211.14.00.[21]
It is interesting to note that Nathaniel Berden, in his will dated 07 Jan 1673, mentioned his wife, Abigail, son-in-law Thomas Spencer the elder, Samuel Andrews and wife Elizabeth to whom he left £40 to be paid after "the decease of my wife his mother." In addition to Elizabeth, the other four daughters of Thomas and Sarah (Berden) Spencer are mentioned by name, i.e. Sarah, Hannah, Mary and Martha. Next in order appear John Andrews, Thomas Andrews, and Jarred Spencer, "my grandchild," who would have been the only son of the above mentioned Thomas and Sarah (Berden) Spencer.[22]
Children of William and Abigail (?-Grave) Andrews:[23]
i. John2 Andrews, b. (say 1632 or a little later), d. Hartford, Conn., 06 Jun 1690; m. Mary (___), prob. a second wife.
Children, Andrews, prob. by different mothers:
(1) Samuel3, b. Jan 1669/70.
(2) Mary, b. Feb 1681/2; living in Nov 1698.
ii. Abigail Andrews, b. (say 1634); d. at Fairfield, Conn., and bur. May 1653, at which time she was called daughter of William of Hartford; apparently she had been staying with Francis Andrews, whose exact relationship with William of Hartford has been the subject of speculation.
iii. Elizabeth Andrews, b. (say 1636); d. bf 1663; m. at Hartford, 03 May 1655, Edward Grannis, who d. at New Haven, 10 Dec 1719. The marriage record calls her of Farmington, daughter of William of Hartford. Edward settled later at New Haven, where in 1662 he m. (2) Hannah Wakefield.
Child of Edward and Elizabeth (Andrews) Grannis:
(1) Joseph, b. Hartford, 31 Mch 1656, apparently d. young.
iv. Thomas Andrews, b. Hartford, 04 May 1638.
v. Esther Andrews, b. Hartford, -- Sep 1641, d. Suffield, Conn., 06 Mch 1697/8; m. prob. by 1665 to Thomas Spencer, Jr., b.c. 1641, d. Suffield, 23 Jul 1689, son of Sergt. Thomas and Ann (Derifall) Spencer. In 1657, John Winthrop, Jr. had written in his medical journal that Esther dwelt with Ens. Talcott, was sixteen years old, and had a pain in the head and stomach; the next year,. his records show she had a toothache!
Children, Spencer, b.c. 1666-1680: Esther, Elizabeth, Thomas, Samuel, William, and Anna. [24] [25]
vi Samuel Andrews, b. Hartford, 20 Oct 1645, d. there bt 01 Jan 1711/12 (date of will) and 29 Jan 1711/12 (date of inventory); m. c. 1668 Elizabeth Spencer, by Hartford, 26 Mch 1648, daughter of Thomas and Sarah (Berden) Spencer. Elizabeth survived her husband.
Children, Andrews, order of birth unknown:
Nathaniel; John; Abigail, m. John Stedman of Farmington; Thomas; Elizabeth, m. William Day; Samuel, bp. Hartford, 14 Nov 1686. [24]"
8. The periodical "The American Genealogist," 35[1959]:55-58, "Andrews Families of Western Connecticut," by Donald Lines Jacobus, M.A., F.A.S.G.:
"Under the above heading we hope to publish from time to time data on the early generations of the Andrews families of western Connecticut. The chief aim is to bring together new or corrective information relating to the first three or four generations, and even for this period no pretense is made that the research has been exhaustive or that our account is in any way definitive. Others who have found new and important data affecting the very early generations are invited to submit it.
I. William Andrews of Hartford
William1 Andrews of Hartford, Conn., came, according to Savage [Gen. Dict., 1:56], from Cambridge, Mass., where his wife Mary died 19 Jan. 1640; was the first schoolmaster and town clerk; Abigail (who married second, Nathaniel Barding) is called his second wife; the three sons are named, John, Thomas and Samuel, and but one daughter, Elizabeth, is named.
William Andrews was chosen Register (town clerk) at Hartford 12 Jan. 1651/2 and was succeeded by John Allyn 11 Apr. 1659, a few days after Andrews made his will, in which he described himself as in poor health. His Hartford lands were entered without date, yet he was a very early and probably an original settler. The lands of Francis Andrews were entered February 1639/40. In the Secretary's Book, the lands of William and Francis Andrews are entered on successive pages, those of William first. [Conn. Hist. Soc. Coll. 14:xi, xv, 235, 388]. In these records he is usually entitled "Mr." and it is worth noting that Francis bought land from William.
It is certain that William was in Hartford before 1640 when he became schoolmaster, and in fact he had a child born there in 1638. Although many of the Hartford settlers came from Cambridge, I think he was a different man from the William Andrews of Cambridge whose wife Mary died there 19 Jan. 1639/40. One reason for this conclusion is that William's wife Abigail is the proved mother of William's three sons -- proved by William's will which called the children "our" children as well as by the fact that Abigail's second husband gave them legacies, and finally by a deed of Abigail Barding which calls John, Thomas and Samuel Andrews her sons. Since the mother of Thomas (born 1638) was Abigail, it could not have been the Hartford William's wife Mary who died at Cambridge in 1640. Furthermore, Cambridge Church Records (p. 7) give us the family of a "Samuel Andrews (son of Mr William Andrews deceased)" who joined the church there with his wife Elizabeth 10 Dec. 1658 and had children Samuel, William, John (1661), Elizabeth (1663), Thomas (1665), Mary (1666), and Thomas again (1668). Samuel the son of William of Hartford also had a wife Elizabeth, but a different history and a different group of children. It is a curious coincidence that the same names occur in the Cambridge and Hartford families.
William Andrews in 1658, the year before his death, was called "senex" by Winthrop, who rarely applied that term to men much under 70. Even if 65 at the time, this would make William born as early as 1593 and his known children could all have been born after he was 40. This raises the question whether he could have had children by a former wife.
He certainly married Abigail, most probably a sister of George Grave [later called Graves], Sr., of Hartford but possibly sister of Grave's unknown first wife. His will, made 1 Apr. 1659, when he was "sick and weak," gave virtually all his property to his wife Abigail, making casual mention of his "son Edward Grannis," and giving to "my son John" a steer. He asked his wife to dispose of his lands among "our Children" with the advice and consent of the overseers, whom he named as "my friend Edward Stebbing" and "my Brother George Grave." They witnessed the will and he died before 8 Aug. 1659 when the inventory was taken by the said Stebbing and Grave together with John Barnard [Manwaring's Digest, 1:92].
The widow soon married Nathaniel Berding, Barding or Bearding, who died 14 Sept. 1674. His will of 7 Jan. 1673/4 made liberal provision for his wife Abigail. He gave to "my son-in-law Thomas Spencer, the elder," £15; to Samuel Andrews and Elizabeth his wife, £40, to be paid to him after the decease of "my wife his mother"; to Sarah, Hannah, Mary and Martha Spencer, the four daughters of Thomas Spencer the elder, £10 between them; to John Andrews, £1; to Thomas Andrews, £1; and the residue to Jarred Spencer, "my grandchild, whoe is the son of Thomas Spencer the eldest." He made Paul Peck, Sr., and George Graves his overseers, and they, with Caleb Stanley took the inventory [ibid., 1:182-3].
It should be noted that Nathaniel Bearding was a widower with one child of his own, Sarah Bearding, who married at Hartford, 11 Sept. 1645, as his second wife, Sergt. Thomas1 Spencer, baptized at Stotfold, co. Bedford, England, 29 Mar. 1607, died at Hartford 11 Sept. 1687, and became the mother of Jared [Gerrard] Spencer and of five daughters, one of whom, Elizabeth Spencer, married Samuel2 Andrews, her grandfather's stepson. To complicate matters, Thomas2 Spencer, son of Sergt. Thomas by his first wife, Ann Derifield, married Esther2 Andrews.
Soon after her second husband's death, on 20 Jan. 1674/5, Abigail Berden of Hartford, Widdow, "for Naturall Love to my son John Andrews & my son Thomas Andrews & my son Samll Andrews & my son in law Thomas Spencer Junior & in persueance of the Last will & testament of my Loueing husband William Andrews...." conveyed the house and various lands to them. On 16 Feb. 1675/6, John, Thomas and Samuell Andrews conveyed to Bevill Waters, and on 28 May 1677 John Andrews and Mara his wife, Thomas Andrews and Hannah his wife, and Samuell Andrews and Elizabeth his wife, appeared and acknowledged the deed; Abigaile Berding had consented 24 Apr. 1677, calling John, Thomas and Samuel her sons. [Hartford Deeds, 1:25, 344.]
Abigail (Grave?) (Andrews) Bearding died 20 March 1682/3 and by nuncupative will proved 4 Apr. 1683 gave to Samuel Andrews what was due to her from Gerrerd Spencer, and to her daughter Hester Spencer the residue. This was established by the testimony of George Graves, aged about 52 [George, Jr., presumably her nephew], Samuel Andrews, aged about 36 [her son], and Paul Peck, Sr., aged about 60 [Manwaring's Digest, 1:271].
The fact that the daughter Abigail died in young womanhood at Fairfield, where Francis Andrews who had been at Hartford with William Andrews had settled, and that the daughter Elizabeth at marriage was called of Farmington where John Andrews lived, while that John's eldest son and namesake settled in Hartford, suggests a relationship. Francis and John (of Farmington) were young enough perhaps to have been sons of William by a former marriage, yet we cannot suppose that William had two sons named John, as his will mentions one son John without any distinguishing appellation. If brothers of William, possibly Francis and John (of Farmington) were much younger half-brothers.
Children of William and Abigail (Grave?) Andrews:
i. John2, b. (say 1632).
ii. Abigail, b. (say 1634); d. at Fairfield (called daughter of William of Hartford), buried May 1653 (entered in Hartford without place of death, but also in Colony records among Fairfield deaths).
iii. Elizabeth, b. (say 1636); m. at Hartford, 3 May 1655, Edward Grannis. The marriage record calls her of Farmington, daughter of William of Hartford. Their only recorded child, Joseph, b. at Hartford 31 Mar. 1656, apparently d. young. Edward later settled in New Haven, m. (2) in 1662 Hannah Wakefield, and d. 10 Dec. 1719.
iv. Thomas, b. 4 May 1638 at Hartford (Colony record).
v. Esther, b. Sept. 1661 at Hartford (Colony record); d. at Suffield 6 Mar. 1697/8; m. probably by 1665, Thomas2 Spencer, b. ca. 1661, d. at Suffield 23 July 1689. Children: Esther, Elizabeth, Thomas, Samuel, William, and Anna (born ca. 1666 to 1680); see supra, 27:166-7. In 1657 Winthrop mentioned Hester Andrews who "dwells with Ens. Talcot."
vi. Samuel, b. 20 Oct. 1645 (Hartford record)."
9. The periodical "Connecticut Nutmegger," by Jack T. Spencer, CSG, "The Families Linked to Sgt. Thomas Spencer, a Co-Founder of Hartford," vol. 29, pp. 14
"I. BACKGROUND
Sgt. THOMAS1 SPENCER was one of the "Four Spencer Brothers" of Bedfordshire, England, who were among the earliest settlers of New England and who almost certainly were passengers in the earliest vessels of the Winthrop Fleet in 1630 or 1631. THOMAS1 was the second oldest of the Spencer Brothers. The older was WILLIAM1 SPENCER (1601-1640). The two youngest brothers were MICHAEL1 SPENCER (1611-1653) and GERARD SPENCER (1614-c.1683). There also was a sister, ELIZABETH1 SPENCER (1602- ) who came to New England as the wife of TIMOTHY TOMLYNS and settled at Lynn, Massachusetts.
The male Spencer siblings (William, Thomas, Michael, Gerard) first settled at Newe Towne (Cambridge, Massachusetts.) A few years later the two older brothers, along with other pioneers, became co-founders of Hartford, Connecticut. Michael and Gerard eventually settled at Lynn, Massachusetts, but Gerard made another move in later years to become the "patriarch" of Haddam, Connecticut.
All of the Spencer siblings were born at Stotfold, co. Bedfordshire, England. Their parents were GERARDA SPENCER (1576- ) and ALICE WHITBREAD SPENCER. These Spencers were descendants of a long line of this surname in Bedfordshire whose ancestry can be traced back with certainty to the middle of the 14th century. Tracing the general lineage to even earlier times, we know that the original ancestors came to England with William the Conqueror in 1066 and participated in the Battle of Hastings. In the ensuing two or three centuries, the "Despencers" ranked among the highest of the Norman nobility, sometimes gaining and sometimes losing (their lives) for this close relationship.
In earlier publications (see reference list), we have described the important activities undertaken by WILLIAM1 SPENCER in the founding of Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was the first Town Clerk of Cambridge and later served as a "Selectman" for several years. William played even more important roles for the General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Company, especially in regard to surveying and setting the boundary lines for many of the towns under the control of the Court. For many years he served as a Deputy representing Newe Towne at the frequent meetings of the General Court in Cambridge and in Boston.
As for ELIZABETH1 SPENCER, we already have documented the activities of her husband, TIMOTHY TOMLINS (see reference list), who was a co-founder of Lynn, Massachusetts in 1630. Timothy, like William Spencer, was a prominent leader in Lynn and served as a Deputy to the General Court and in many other civic and military capacities before his untimely death about 1645.
II. THE FAMILY OF SGT. THOMAS1 SPENCER
The Family of THOMAS1 SPENCER (1607- 1687) and two wives: 1) ANN DERIFALL (1610- ) and SARAH BEARDING (d. before 1674). Ann was a sister of Barnabas Derifall of Braintree, MA. Sarah was the daughter of Nathan Bearding of Hartford. Ann married Thomas ca. 1638; Sarah married Thomas on 11 Sept. 1645 at Hartford. Thomas d. 1 Sept. 1687 at Hartford.
Children by Ann Derifall:
OBADIAH2 SPENCER (Thomas1, GerardA, MichaelB, JohnC-D, RobertE, JohnF, RobertH, ThomasI, HenryJ), b. ca. 1639 at Hartford, CT. Took Freeman's Oath at Hartford 20 May 1658. m. MARY DISBOROUGH, dau. of Nicholas Disborough. Mary d. before 1709. They had children. d. May 1712 at Hartford, CT.
THOMAS2 SPENCER (Thomas1), b. ca. 1641 at Hartford, CT. m. ESTHER2 ANDREWS. She d. 6 Mar 1698 at Suffield. Esther was the dau. of William1 and Abigail (Graves) Andrews of Hartford, CT. d. 23 July 1698 at Suffield, CT.
SPENCER2 (Thomas1) b. ca. 1643 at Hartford, CT. m. SARAH ___ (ca. 1660-1733). She d. at Windham, CT. d. 24 Oct 1727 at Windham, CT.
Children by Sarah Bearding
SARAH2 SPENCER (Thomas1) b. ca. 1646 at Hartford, CT. m. THOMAS HUXLEY at Suffield, C. He d. 21 July 1721 at Suffield. A dau. Elizabeth Huxley m. James King, who was. b. 14 Mar 1675 at Ipswich, MA. James d. 15 July 1757 at Suffield. He had a large landed estate. d. 24 Oct. 1712.
ELIZABETH2 SPENCER (Thomas1) b. bp. 26 Mar 1648 at Hanford, CT. m. SAMUEL2 ANDREWS of Hartford, brother of Esther2 Andrews who m. Thomas2 SPENCER. Samuel Andrews was the son of William1 Andrews and Abigail (Graves) Andrews of Hartford. Samuel d. Jan 1712 at Hartford. d. ?
GERARD2 SPENCER (Thomas1). b. ca 1651 at Hartford, CT. m. HANNAH PRATT (1658-1692) on 22 Dec 1680. She was dau. of John Pratt, d. 1712 at Hartford, CT.
HANNAH2 SPENCER (Thomas1) b. 15 April 1653 at Hartford, CT. m. (1) GEORGE SEXTON, Jr. m. (2) DANIEL Brainerd, Sr. Nov. 1698. d. 1713.
MARY2 SPENCER (Thomas1), b. 18 May 1655 at Hartford, CT. m. THOMAS ROOT, 7 Oct 1675. He was of Westfield, MA., son of John Root. He d. 16 Aug. 1709. d. 4 Nov. 1690 at Westfield, MA.
MARTHA2 SPENCER (Thomas1). B. 19 Mar 1658 at Hartford, CT. m. ANDREW BARTON (BENTON), Jr (1653-1704). He was the son of Andrew Barton Sr., Andrew Jr. d at Hartford, 5 Feb 1704.
All of the children of Sgt. Thowas1 Spencer was born at Hartford, CT, between 1639 and 1658. When the last child was born in 1658, Sgt. Thomas was 51 years of age. ANN DERIFALL, who was mother of the first three children, was born about 1610 in England. The year of birth probably is quite accurate since Ann was listed as age 24 on the passenger list of the "Elizabeth" which sailed from Ipswich, co. Essex, the last of April 1634 (Tepper). The exact year of Ann's death is unknown, although it probably can be set down as 1645 judging by the approximate date of Sarah Bearding's first child in 1646. Ann Derifall was only about 35 years of at the time of her death.
Our interest in the Spencer ancestral line, ultimately will focus on the second son of THOMAS1 SPENCER, that is, THOMAS2 SPENCER, who was born in Hartford about 1641 and died in Suffield, CT. in 1689. THOMAS2 married ESTHER2 ANDREWS of Hartford.
III. THE RELATIVES OF ANN DERIFALL AND HER ASSOCIATION WITH WILLIAM CODDINGTON OF RHODE ISLAND
A careful search of the IGI (International Genealogical Index, 1990) offers no useful clue to the immediate relatives of Ann Derifall in England. The fact that Ann Derifall sailed from Ipswich in eastern England in 1634 has inclined historians to believe that she was perhaps a native of East Anglia. Indeed, there were Derifalls who lived in Little Baddow, co. Essex, which was the residence of Rev. THOMAS HOOKER when he left for New England in 1633. Of interest is the fact that BARNABAS DERIFALL came to New England in that same year, although there is no evidence that he was a member of the BRAINTREE COMPANY sponsored by Rev. Hooker.
The discovery of the connection between the DERIFALLS and the SPENCERS in Connecticut can be credited to Mrs. William C. Clark who published a genealogical study in 1951 in the NEHGS Register. This report proved that Barnabas Derifall of Braintree, Massachusetts, was a brother of Ann Derifall. In the will of Barnabas Derifall prepared in 1680, he named three Spencer brothers (OBADIAH2, THOMAS2, SAMUEL2) as beneficiaries of his estate. These clearly were the same names as the sons of Ann Derifall and Thomas Spencer.
Savage states that Barnabas "Doryfall" came to Boston in the "Mary and Jane," probably on the same ship with WILLIAM CODDINGTON and his second wife, MARY MOSLEY. Not only did Barnabas Derifall have this contact with Coddington, but the latter also owned property at Braintree where Barnabas was an original proprietor.
William Coddington originally was a native of Boston, Lincolnshire, a city often associated with the names of the earliest Pilgrim fathers. Coddington was a powerful figure in the contingent of Puritan leaders who came to America in the very first vessels of the Winthrop Fleet in 1630.
Besides the Derifalls who lived in co. Essex (Little Baddow), there also were families with this surname who lived in London in the area of St. Bride, Fleet Street. The time scale (IGI) was the late 1500's and early 1600's. There were Coddingtons in the same district in this period. We do know also, that William Coddington was in London in 1632, but was postponing his return to New England until 1633 because his new wife was expecting a child. Mary Mosley was a native of the Chelmsford area in co. Essex.
Thus, we have more than one possible scenario for the contact between Barnabas Derifall and William Coddington. Perhaps they had first made contact in London prior to the departure for New England in the "Mary and Jane" in 1633 or they became acquainted later during the actual voyage. However, as we now note above, the Derifalls at Little Baddow in co. Essex could have made their first Puritan connections with the Rev. Thomas Hooker rather than William Coddington.
ANN DERIFALL did not come to New England until 1634 and it is recorded that she became a maid servant to the family of William Coddington, an association not too surprising when we note the close contacts her brother Barnabas must have enjoyed with the Coddington family. Barnabas lived the entire remainder of his life at Braintree until his death in 1680. He became a member of the Boston church in 1633 (year of his arrival) and was elected to Freeman in 1636. His lands were located chiefly in what is now West Quincy, Massachusetts. Barnabas Derifall had no children.
As a final note in the history of William Coddington, he retained his properties at Braintree until 1638, at which time he removed to Rhode Island along with the followers of Anne Hutchinson as a result of religious differences with John Winthrop and other Puritan leaders in Boston and Cambridge. This date of 1638 for Coddington's departure coincides well with the marriage of Ann Derifall to Thomas Spencer and with the sale of his property in Cambridge and his departure for Hartford. The Pequot War of 1637 had become history and Thomas joined other veterans of that war in occupying lots on Sentinel Hill in Hartford. A new life had begun for Sgt. Thomas Spencer and Ann Derifall. William Coddington, too, had begun a new life in Rhode bland which eventually would lead him to be Governor of that new colony for several terms.
IV. UNRAVELING THE SPENCER-ANDREWS-GRAVES-BEARDlNG CONNECTIONS
The second wife of Sgt. Thomas Spencer was SARAH2 BEARDING (BARDING) of Hartford, Connecticut. Since Sarah's father; NATHANIEL BEARDING, also appears in the records as the husband of ABIGAIL (GRAVES) ANDREWS-BEARDING, some writers have overlooked the fact that Sarah Bearding had no blood relationship to Abigail her stepmother.
We shall present one chart of the ANDREWS-GRAVES-BEARDING-SPENCER connections so that the reader can understand more clearly exactly what happened among the various intermarriages.
The first list on the left shows the children descended from WILLIAM ANDREWS, while the list on the right shows the one child (Sarah) of NATHANIEL1 BEARDING. Sandwiched between these two lists are the descendants of THOMAS1 SPENCER and his two wives, ANN DERIFALL and SARAH BEARDING. Connecting lines indicate the intermarriages…
[The author has a chart titled "Interrelations of the Andrews-Graves-Bearding-Spencer Families in Cambridge and Hartford." The relationships can be simply reduced down to the following: (1) Nathaniel1 Bearding's second wife was Abigail Graves, who married as William1 Andrews as his second wife. (2) Nathaniel1 Bearding and Abigail Graves had a daughter Sarah Bearding who married Thomas1 Spencer as his second wife. (3) William1 Andrews and Abigail had a daughter Esther2 Andrews who married Thomas1 Spencer's son Thomas2 Spencer, whose mother was Ann Derifall, the first wife of Thomas1 Spencer.]
THE CHRONOLOGY OF FAMILY INTERRELATIONSHIPS
1634. WILLIAM1 ANDREWS is first mentioned in the history of Cambridge, Massachusetts. Wife #1 was Mary Britton. One child was born about 1632 (John), one in 1634 (Abigail), one in 1636 (Elizabeth), and one in 1638 (Thomas).
1637. WILLIAM1 ANDREWS and his first wife emigrated to Hartford, Connecticut.
1638. William Andrews has a son, THOMAS1 ANDREWS, born in Hartford. This was the last of the four children born to wife number one.
1638-1641. Somewhere in this interval, the first wife of William Andrews dies at Hartford.
1641. William Andrews marries ABIGAIL GRAVES at Hartford (IGI records). The first child, ESTHER2 ANDREWS, is born to William's second wife.
1645. The second child, SAMUEL2 ANDREWS, is born to William Andrews and Abigail (Graves) Andrew. This year also saw the marriage of THOMAS2 SPENCER and SARAH BEARDING, daughter of NATHANIEL BEARDING.
1659. WILLIAM1 ANDREWS dies at Hartford.
1660(?). ABIGAIL (GRAVES) ANDREWS marries NATHANIEL BEARDING of Hartford.
From this chronological arrangement, we can see clearly that ABIGAIL (GRAVES) ANDREWS was a stepmother to SARAH BEARDING and that no genetic relationship existed.
When SAMUEL2 ANDREWS married ELIZABETH2 SPENCER, these individuals had no genetic connections despite the fact that Abigail Graves was the mother of Samuel2 Andrews and the step-grandmother Elizabeth2 Spencer. Likewise, when Esther2 Andrews and Thomas2 Spencer were married, no genetic connection existed since Thomas2 Spencer was the son of Ann Derifall and Esther was the daughter of Abigail (Graves) Andrews.
We have gone into considerable detail to explain these relationships since a cursory examination of the lineage might lead one to some mistaken conclusions. Perhaps the key which finally clarified the relationships was the discovery in the IGI records of the marriage of Wlliam1 Andrews to Abigail Graves in Hartford in 1641.
V. THE EARLY HISTORY OF WILLIAM1 ANDREWS OF CAMBRIDGE AND HARTFORD
Besides the unusual familial relationships among the ANDREWS-GRAVES-BEARDING-SPENCER coalition, there have been some mystifying genealogical questions about the ancestors and immediate relatives of Williarn1 Andrews. There was a large number of immigrants with the surname of ANDREWS who came to New England in the "Great Migration" of the 1630's. Their probably were nearly a half dozen "William Andrews" settling in various towns under the control Massachusetts Bay Company including Newe Towne (Cambridge), Charlestown, Lynn, and Salem. New Haven also was the location for at least one Andrews. The William Andrews of Cambridge, of course, is the main focus of our interest because he was the parent of ESTHER2 Andrews who married THOMAS1 SPENCER. Some historians, however, have confused the William1 Andrews of Cambridge with other men holding the same Christian name.
In order to settle this question, a careful study was made of at least four important records on the history of Cambridge and Hartford. This list included "History of Cambridge" by L.R. Paige; the so-called "Proprietors Records of Cambridge" beginning in 1630; the "History of Hartford" by Love; and finally the many references found in the International Genealogical Index (1991 edition).
These combined references confirm that WILLIAM1 ANDREWS was one of the earliest settlers at Cambridge and that he was the only William Andrews there up to the end of 1637. In September of 1637. William Andrews sold all of his property to Samuel Shepherd and moved on to Hartford, Connecticut. Love confirms that William Andrews was at Hartford in 1637.
Why has so much confusion prevailed in the literature regarding the two wives of William1 Andrews of Cambridge and Hartford? We believe most of the fault can be attributed to the erroneous statements Pope in "The Pioneers of Massachusetts" published in Boston in 1900. Pope had a correct date (25 Sept 1637) for William's sale of his property in Cambridge. However, Pope's statements regarding the death of "wife Mary d. Jan 19. 1640" and a second marriage to Reanna James of Watertown seem to have no connection whatever to our own William Andrews of Cambridge and Hartford. Apparently Pope followed the trail of some other William Andrews, of whom there were several in the Massachusetts Bay area.
The Paige "History of Cambridge" mentions WILLIAM1 ANDREWS in only three places in the early part of the book. William was in a list of inhabitants in 1634 and again on a list of 1635. On 23 November 1635, William is identified as a "Selectman" and appointed to the position of Constable. There the story ends except for the sale of his property in September of 1637.
One of the better histories of the descendants of William1 Andrews of Cambridge is to be found in "Colonial Ancestors," edited by Edward Little. Here, however, the identification of William's history at Cambridge adopts Pope's version which as we have seen is quite erroneous.
There are literally hundreds of William Andrews to be found in England in the early 1600's (IGI), but one entry was found in Lincoln of Lincolnshire where a William Andrews had married a MARY BRITTON on 16 May 1631. St. Botolph (IGI-C0003). Since the first child of William1 Andrews was born about 1632, the chronological fit is almost perfect. Although William1 Andrews was first mentioned in the Cambridge History in 1634 there is a strong likelihood that he was there earlier and that his first child (John2) was born in Newe Towne about 1632. Incidentally, co. Lincolnshire was the scene of much early activity by the Puritans, including the imprisonment of several leaders in the city of Boston before the Pilgrim fathers fled to Holland.
Since William1 Andrews was in the direct line of the Suffield (CT) Spencer and the Spencer pioneers of the Western Reserve of Ohio (Portage County), it is important to highlight the details of his life in Hartford (subsequent to his Cambridge experiences). As we have noted, William and his first wife emigrated from Newe Towne (Cambridge) Hartford in 1637. Although they appear not to have been in the original Hooker group which went to Hartford in 1635 and 1636. William was still considered an original proprietor and a founding father of the city. This is evidenced by the proprietor list of 3 Jan 1640 which gave the names of those inhabitants who had a right to undivided lands (Love). William Andrews had an allocation of 30 acres, while Thomas1 Spencer was listed with 14 acres. It seems that NATHANIEL BEARDING was not rated as a "standard" proprietor because his name was on a list for only 6 acres and was included with those individuals granted lots "at the town's courtesy, with liberty to fetch wood and keep swine or cows by proportion on the common."
During his lifetime in Hartford, William Andrews appears not to have been among the primary leaders of the community. It seems clear, however, that he had been well educated for his time judging by his appointment as one of the first teachers in the town in 1643. He was a member of a jury in 1644 and in 1651 was appointed to the post of Town Clerk. We are reminded of William1 Spencer who held a similar post in Newe Towne as well as Hartford (albeit the latter post was very brief). William Andrews remained as Town Clerk until the time of his death in 1659.
In his will dated 1 April 1659, William1 Andrews seems to have left more authority in the hands of his wife, ABIGAIL (GRAVES) ANDREWS, than was customary for the time (in contrast perhaps to the will of William1 Spencer who died in 1640). Essentially, Abigail Andrews was to remain in control of all the property in Hartford. In case of her remarriage, however, most of the property was to pass to their children. Abigail was to retain the power of Executrix. Based on these limitations, it seems clear that Abigail did not transfer much wealth to her second husband, Nathaniel1 Bearding, due to the restrictions imposed in the will of her first husband.
V. THE BEARDING CONNECTION IN HARTFORD
As to the history of the BEARDINGS (BARDING, BERDEN) in England, there are not many useful clues. Every county in England reported in the IGI (International Genealogical Index) was surveyed for possible leads. In no instance was there found the surname of "Bearding" or "Barding." There were, however, numerous records of BERDEN in many of the northern, central, and southern counties of England. This leads to the conclusion that the Nathaniel1 Bearding (Barding) of Hartford probably originated with the surname of BERDEN in England.
As for the NATHANIEL1 BEARDING of Hartford, his origin remains largely obscured. There is no indication of his being an early resident of Cambridge in the company of Hooker, but he does appear on the list of Hartford settlers in 1640 and Savage even lists him at Hartford in 1636. Nothing seems to be known of his lineage in England. A still more mysterious aspect of Nathaniel is that there is no known official record of a marriage prior to that with ABIGAIL (GRAVES) ANDREWS. We are certain, however, that his daughter, SARAH2 BEARDING, was by Nathaniel's first wife rather than his second wife (see the chronological chart). Nathaniel Bearding died at Hartford on 14 Sept 1674.
The will of Nathaniel Bearding, dated 7 Jan 1673, is preserved in Manwaring's Probate Records. The principal beneficiaries included his widow, Abigail (Graves) Andrews-Bearding, and Thomas1 Spencer (the elder, a son-in-law). Nathaniel provided for all of his daughter's six children (wife of Thomas1 Spencer). Nathaniel also named SAMUEL2 ANDREWS as a legatee, a child by his wife's first marriage to William1 Andrews. Nathaniel was mindful also of the fact that Samuel was married to ELIZABETH2 SPENCER, one of Nathaniel's granddaughters.
Nathaniel had an omission in his will. He did not name ESTHER2 ANDREWS. There also was one rather unusual inclusion, the name of which was the name of JOHN2 ANDREWS, a son by the first wife of William1 Andrews. John2 Andrews was not a blood relative to either Nathaniel or Abigail, but undoubtedly he must have been raised by Abigail Graves after she married William Andrews in 1641 in Hartford.
Although ESTHER2 (ANDREWS) SPENCER was not under the will of Nathaniel Bearding, she was named in her mother's nuncupative will when Abigail died in 1683. Abigail also named Esther's brother, SAMUEL2 ANDREWS, as a beneficiary.
VI. THE RELATIVES OF ABIGAIL GRAVES IN CAMBRIDGE AND HARTFORD
The early records of Newe Towne (Cambridge) and New Haven indicated that there were other immigrants with the GRAVES surname, but their relationship to ABIGAIL (GRAVES) ANDREWS remained unknown until a will of ANN GRAVE was published by H.F. Waters in 1907. ANN GRAVE of England was a resident of "St. Bultolph without Aldgate" London. Three of the beneficiaries in her will made in 1675 were "GEORGE GRAVE the elder of Hartford in Connecticut in New England and JOHN GRAVE of Guilford in the County of New Haven in New England and to their own natural sister also in New England..." The evidence seems very clear that ANN GRAVE of London had been married to a sibling of ABIGAIL, GEORGE, and JOHN GRAVE.
There were several immigrants with the GRAVES surname in the early 1630's in New England, but with a positive identification of GEORGE GRAVES and JOHN GRAVES as siblings of ABIGAIL (GRAVES) ANDREWS, we can review the historical literature on these two individuals.
The first mention of GEORGE GRAVES is found in Paige's "History of Cambridge" where his property is mentioned as located almost on the boundary between Newe Towne (Cambridge) and Charlestowne in 1633. Actually, George's property was within the limits of Newe Towne, but he is never mentioned again in Paige's voluminous history. Love in his "History of Hartford" identifies GEORGE GRAVES as one of the founders in 1636, which would place him among the main Thomas Hooker group which arrived that year. Also, George Graves may well have brought his sister Abigail from Newe Towne since she did not marry WILLIAM1 ANDREWS until 1641 (IGI record). In the record of "Land Distributions in Hartford" for the ensuring years, there were at least 30 references to DEACON GEORGE GRAVES and at least two references to his son, "MARSHALL" GEORGE2 GRAVES.
"Deacon" George Graves was married twice. The IGI (B0142) lists a marriage of George Grave and "Anne Kyne" on 21 Sept. 1623, co. Herts, "Much Haddam." The second marriage was to Sarah Ventres (Kenneth Graves) who was the mother-in-law of Deacon's son George. It seems probable that George-2 and John-2 were born in England, based on the fact that Deacon George first appears in the Charlestowne records in 1634. Mary-2, born 1635, therefore would seem to have born in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
What of Abigail Grave's brother, John-1 Grave? It seems clear that his permanent residence was at Guilford, New Haven, but we do not know if he had an earlier residence at Charlestowne, possibly with his brother George and sister Abigail. New Haven was not settled until 1638, so there is a possibility that John-1 Graves is revealed in the 1670 Census of Connecticut. There also an Edward Graves in Hartford in 1669 who does not appear related to the descendants of Deacon George Graves.
As to the origin of this particular Graves family in England, there seem to be few clues excepting for two references, one being the marriage mentioned above in co. Hertfordshire. The second reference is found in Cussand's History of Hertfordshire (Mary K. Talcott in the Register). In 1621, co. Herts, Burroughs of Hartford, there was a mention of "George Graue" (sic) in the list of freeholders of that community.
VII. RETROSPECT
We have now reviewed considerable detail the known histories of the spouses and close relatives of St. Thomas-1 Spencer (1607-1687) of Cambridge, Massachusetts and Hartford, Connecticut. As one of the original five Spencer siblings who were among on the very early pioneers of New England and as the ancestor of perhaps hundreds and even thousands of modern-day Spencer descendants in the U.S., we would like to know as much as possible about those relatives who surrounded Sgt. Thomas during his lifetime. The foregoing pages have documented all of the presently known historical facts, especially regarding the Andrews, Derifall (Derifield), Graves, and Bearding (Berden) families.
In our next segment, we shall examine the colorful life of Sgt. Thomas Spencer and his achievements in war and in peace. Although perhaps not as well educated or as brilliant as his older brother, William-1 Spencer (1601-1640), yet Sgt. Thomas lived twice as long and had three times as many children. Thus, Thomas-1 achieved his immortality as surely as William-1 achieved his, but by a rather different and perhaps a more enduring route.
REFERENCES
ANDREWS, FRANK H. "William Andrews of Hartford, Connecticut, and His Descendants to Asa Andrews." Youngstown, Ohio 1938.
BANKS, C.E. "The Planters of the Commonwealth." Gen. Publ. Co., Baltimore, 1979.
BATES, SAMUEL A. "Records of the Town of Braintree 1640-1793." Daniel A. Huxford, Printer, 1886.
CLARK, MRS. WM. C. "Who Was the First Wife of Thomas-1 Spencer of Hartford, Conn.?" Genealogies of Conn. Families, Vol. III, 418-420. Gen. Publ. Co., Baltimore. 1983. (Reprint from Register, Vol. 105, 1951.)
CUTTER, A.M. (Editor). "Genealogical and Family History of the State of Connecticut." Three Vol., Lewis Hist. Publ. Co., N.Y., 1911.
DeFOREST, L.E. "Moore and Allied Families." 1938. (In reference to Braintree, co. Essex. England.)
GOODWIN, N. "Genealogical Notes," Gen. Publ. Col, Baltimore, 1982.
GRAVES, KENNETH V. "Deacon George Graves." Wrentham, MA 1995.
HOLBROOK, JAY MACK. "Connecticut 1670 Census." Holbrook Research Inst., Oxford, MA 1977.
HOLLY, H.H. (Editor). "Braintree, Massachusetts: It's History." Braintree Historical Soc., 1985.
HOOPER, P.R. "Notes on Some Colonial Cabinetmakers of Hartford." Antiques, May, 1933.
JACOBUS, DONALD L. "The Four Spencer Brothers, Their Ancestors and Descendants," The Amer. Genealogist, Vol. 27-30, 1951-1954, 96 pp.
MASON, LOUISE B… "The Life and Times of Major John Mason of Connecticut: 1600-1672." G.P. Putnam Sons, New York & London, 1935.
MANWARING, C.W. "A Digest of the is Early Connecticut Probate Records," Vol. 1. Hartford District 1635-1700. Hartford, CT
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Chris & Julie Petersen's Genealogy
Abt 1597 - 1674 (~ 77 years)