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6301 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“JUDITH OF BRITTANY, married before 1008 (as his 1st wife) RICHARD II, Duke of Normandy, 996-1026, son and heir of Richard I, Count (or Prince) of the Normans, by his 2nd wife, Gunnor. They had three sons, Richard (III) [Duke of Normandy], Robert (I) Duke of Normandy], and Guillaume (monk at Fécamp), and three daughters, Adélaïde (wife of Renaud, Count of Burgundy), ___ (wife of Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders), and Mathilde. His wife, Judith, died 28 June 1017, and was buried in Bernal Abbey. He married (2nd) probably soon after 1017 PAPIA ___. They had two sons, Mauger [Archbishop of Rouen] and Guillaume [Count of Argues]. RICHARD II, Duke of Normandy, died at Fécamp 23 August 1026.
Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de ha France 10 (1874): 175 (Ex Chronico S. Michaelis: "MVIII [A.D. 1008]. Obiit Gaufredus Dux Britanniæ filius Conani filii Juhelli Berengarii, dum pergeret Romam causa ocationis. Hujus sororem Judith duxit secundus Ricardus Dux Normannorum: et ipse Gaufredus duxit Havidem sororem prædicti Richardi, ex qua genuit duos filios Alanum et Eudonem, qui ei succcessit, partito Ducatu Britanniæ."), 322 (Ex Diversis Chronicis et Gestis: "Anno Dom. MXVII [1017]. Obiit Juditha Comitissa."), 323 (Ex Diversis Chronicis et Gestis: "Anno Dom. MXXVI. Obiit Richardus II, Dux Normannorum."). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23, (1894): 420 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "28 Jun. [Obiit] Judith comitissa."), 421 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Ricardus comes IL"), 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "28 Jun. [Obiit] Judita, comitissa Normanniæ."), 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Richardus II, comes Normannorum."). Rene Poupardin, "Généalogies angevines du XIe Siècle," in Mélanges d'Archéologie et d'Histoire 20 (1900): 199-208. Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913): 247-250 (Genealogiæ Comitum Andegavensium). David Douglas, "Some Problems of Early Norman Chronology," in English Hist. Rev. 65 (1950): 289-303. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 79 (sub Normandy). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.7, X1.12-X1.15. Thierry Stasser, "`Mathilde, File du Comte Richard': Essai d'identification," in Annales de Normandie 40 (1990), 49-64. Van Houts Normans in Europe (2000). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped).
Children of Judith of Brittany, by Duke Richard II:
i. RICHARD III, Duke of Normandy, 1026-1027, son and heir. By an unknown mistress, he had one illegitimate son, Nicholas [Abbot of Saint-Ouen], and one illegitimate daughter, ___ (wife of Ranulph, Vicomte of Bessin). RICHARD III, Duke of Normandy, died 5 (or 6) August 1027. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 379 (E Directorio Monasterii Sancti Audoeni Rotomagensis, Ex Calendario: "26 Febr. Obiit Nicholas abbas."), 385 ("Selon cheu qui est contenu es croniques des Normans, Richart li tiers, duc de Normendie, fix du secont Richart duc, out un fix appelé Nichole, qui fu moine à Fescampe, et après fu abbe de l'abaie de Saint-Ouen de Rouen"), 387 (Extrait des Chroniques de Saint-Ouen de Rouen: Nicholas, Abbot of Saint-Ouen, Rouen styled "son of Duke Richard III" [Nichole, fix au tiers due Richart de Normendie]), 420 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "5 Aug. [Obiit] Ricardus comes tertius."), 579 (Nom Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "6 Aug. Richardus comes tertius Normannorum."). English Hist. Rev. 65 (1950): 289-303. Douglas William the Conqueror (1977): 93 ("At the beginning of Duke William's reign the vicomte of the Bessin was Rannulf, who was the son of a vicomte named Anschitil. He married a daughter of Duke Richard III and was among the defeated rebels at Val-es-Dunes. None the less, the office continued in the family, for he was succeeded by another Rannulf (II) who was established at Avranches before the Norman conquest, and who survived until after April 1089. Moreover, this second Rannulf married Maud, daughter of Richard, vicomte of the Avranchin, thus linking together two powerful vice-comital dynasties which were later in turn to determine the succession of the earldom of Chester."). Schwennicke Europäische Stanmtafeln 2 (1984): 79 (sub Normandy). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XI.12, XII.17. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.).
ii. ROBERT I, Duke of Normandy [see next].”

2. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“ERMENGARDE OF ANJOU, married CONAN I, Duke of Brittany, Prince of the Bretons [see RICHMOND 1], son and heir of Juhel (alias Berenger), Count of Rennes. They had four sons, Geoffroi (I) [Duke of Brittany), Judicael [Bishop of Vannes], Catuallon [Abbot of Redon], and Urvod, and one daughter, Judith. He was present at the court of Eudes, Count of Chartres, in 979. In 981 he fought a battle against Guerech, Count of Nantes, and his Angevin allies, which is called the "first" Battle of Conquereuil. In 990 he made a donation to Mont Saint-Michel. CONAN I, Duke of Brittany, was slain at the 2nd Battle of Conquereuil near Nantes 27 June 992.
Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 6 (1730): 3-21 (sub Anjou). Morice Mémoires pour servir de preuves à l'Histoire ecclésiastique et civile Bretagne 1 (1742): 350-351. Guérard Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Père de Chartres 1 (1840): 66. Marchegay & Salmon Chroniques d'Anjou (1856): lxxii. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 10 (1874): 175 (Ex Chronico S. Michaelis: "DCCCCXCII [A.D. 992]. Secundum bellum fuit in Concurrum, in quo Fulco Comes Andegavensis victor extitit; et Conanus Brito occisus est: Kal. Julii [1 July] filius Juhelli Berengarii."), 294 (Ex Chronico Kemperlegiensi: "Anno DCCCCXCII [A.D. 992]. Obiit Conanus Comes filius Judicaelis Berengarii Comitis Rhedonensis in bello Concurruc occisus est v Kal. Julii [27 June]."). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "28 Jun. [Obiit] Conanus, comes Britanniæ, qui jacet in capella Sancti Martini in ista ecclesia."). Rene Poupardin, "Généalogies angevines du XIe Siècle," in Mélanges d'Archéologie et d'Histoire 20 (1900): 199-208. Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d’Amboise (1913): 247-250 (Genealogiæ Comitum Andegavensium). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935), IX 8. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany); 3 (1984): 116 (sub Anjou). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IX.3, X.6-X.9. Bachrach Fulk Nerra (1993). Keats-Rohan Family Trees & the Roots of Politics (1997): 211-267.
Children of Ermengarde of Anjou, by Conan I of Brittany:
i. GEOFFROI I, Duke of Brittany, married HAWISE OF NORMANDY [see RICHMOND 2].
ii. JUDITH OF BRITTANY [see next].”

3. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“CONAN I le Tort, Duke of Brittany, son of Judicael Bérenger, Count of Rennes, by his wife, Gerberge. He was born about 922. He married about 973 ERMENGARDE OF ANJOU, daughter of Geoffroi I Grisegonelle, Count of Anjou, by his 1st wife, Adèle, daughter of Robert, Count of Troyes and Meaux [see Appendix, Line A, Gen. 8 for her ancestry]. They had four sons, Geoffroi (I) [Duke of Brittany], Judicael [Bishop of Vannes], Catuallon [Abbot of Redon], and Urvod, and one daughter, Judith. He was present at the court of Eudes, Count of Chartres, in 979. In 981 he fought a battle against Guerech, Count of Nantes, and his Angevin allies, which is called the "first" Battle of Conquereuil. In 990 he made a donation to Mont Saint-Michel. CONAN I, Duke of Brittany, was slain at the 2nd Battle of Conquereuil near Nantes 27 June 992.
Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 6 (1730): 3-21 (sub Anjou). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 10 (1874): 175 (Ex Chronico S. Michaelis: "DCCCCXCII [A.D. 992]. Secundum bellum full in Concurrum, in quo Fulco Comes Andegavensis victor extitit; et Conanus Brito occisus est: Kal. Julii [1 July] filius Juhelli Berengarii."), 294 (Ex Chronico Kemperlegiensi: "Anno DCCCCXCII [A.D. 992]. Obiit Conanus Comes filius Judicaelis Berengarii Comitis Rhedonensis in bello Concurruc occisus est v Kal. Julii [27 June]."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935), IX 8. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75; 3 (1989): 116 (ancestry of Ermengarde d'Anjou). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IX.3, X.6-X.9.
Children of Conan of Brittany, by Ermengarde d'Anjou:
i. GEOFFROI I, Duke of Brittany [see next].
ii. JUDITH OF BRITTANY, married RICHARD II, Duke of Normandy [see Appendix, Line A, Gen. 10].” 		of Brittany, Judith (I7143)
 
6302 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“JUDITH OF BRITTANY, married before 1008 (as his 1st wife) RICHARD II, Duke of Normandy, 996-1026, son and heir of Richard I, Count (or Prince) of the Normans, by his 2nd wife, Gunnor. They had three sons, Richard (III) [Duke of Normandy], Robert (I) Duke of Normandy], and Guillaume (monk at Fécamp), and three daughters, Adélaïde (wife of Renaud, Count of Burgundy), ___ (wife of Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders), and Mathilde. His wife, Judith, died 28 June 1017, and was buried in Bernal Abbey. He married (2nd) probably soon after 1017 PAPIA ___. They had two sons, Mauger [Archbishop of Rouen] and Guillaume [Count of Argues]. RICHARD II, Duke of Normandy, died at Fécamp 23 August 1026.
Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de ha France 10 (1874): 175 (Ex Chronico S. Michaelis: "MVIII [A.D. 1008]. Obiit Gaufredus Dux Britanniæ filius Conani filii Juhelli Berengarii, dum pergeret Romam causa ocationis. Hujus sororem Judith duxit secundus Ricardus Dux Normannorum: et ipse Gaufredus duxit Havidem sororem prædicti Richardi, ex qua genuit duos filios Alanum et Eudonem, qui ei succcessit, partito Ducatu Britanniæ."), 322 (Ex Diversis Chronicis et Gestis: "Anno Dom. MXVII [1017]. Obiit Juditha Comitissa."), 323 (Ex Diversis Chronicis et Gestis: "Anno Dom. MXXVI. Obiit Richardus II, Dux Normannorum."). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23, (1894): 420 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "28 Jun. [Obiit] Judith comitissa."), 421 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Ricardus comes IL"), 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "28 Jun. [Obiit] Judita, comitissa Normanniæ."), 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Richardus II, comes Normannorum."). Rene Poupardin, "Généalogies angevines du XIe Siècle," in Mélanges d'Archéologie et d'Histoire 20 (1900): 199-208. Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913): 247-250 (Genealogiæ Comitum Andegavensium). David Douglas, "Some Problems of Early Norman Chronology," in English Hist. Rev. 65 (1950): 289-303. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 79 (sub Normandy). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.7, X1.12-X1.15. Thierry Stasser, "`Mathilde, File du Comte Richard': Essai d'identification," in Annales de Normandie 40 (1990), 49-64. Van Houts Normans in Europe (2000). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped).
Children of Judith of Brittany, by Duke Richard II:
i. RICHARD III, Duke of Normandy, 1026-1027, son and heir. By an unknown mistress, he had one illegitimate son, Nicholas [Abbot of Saint-Ouen], and one illegitimate daughter, ___ (wife of Ranulph, Vicomte of Bessin). RICHARD III, Duke of Normandy, died 5 (or 6) August 1027. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 379 (E Directorio Monasterii Sancti Audoeni Rotomagensis, Ex Calendario: "26 Febr. Obiit Nicholas abbas."), 385 ("Selon cheu qui est contenu es croniques des Normans, Richart li tiers, duc de Normendie, fix du secont Richart duc, out un fix appelé Nichole, qui fu moine à Fescampe, et après fu abbe de l'abaie de Saint-Ouen de Rouen"), 387 (Extrait des Chroniques de Saint-Ouen de Rouen: Nicholas, Abbot of Saint-Ouen, Rouen styled "son of Duke Richard III" [Nichole, fix au tiers due Richart de Normendie]), 420 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "5 Aug. [Obiit] Ricardus comes tertius."), 579 (Nom Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "6 Aug. Richardus comes tertius Normannorum."). English Hist. Rev. 65 (1950): 289-303. Douglas William the Conqueror (1977): 93 ("At the beginning of Duke William's reign the vicomte of the Bessin was Rannulf, who was the son of a vicomte named Anschitil. He married a daughter of Duke Richard III and was among the defeated rebels at Val-es-Dunes. None the less, the office continued in the family, for he was succeeded by another Rannulf (II) who was established at Avranches before the Norman conquest, and who survived until after April 1089. Moreover, this second Rannulf married Maud, daughter of Richard, vicomte of the Avranchin, thus linking together two powerful vice-comital dynasties which were later in turn to determine the succession of the earldom of Chester."). Schwennicke Europäische Stanmtafeln 2 (1984): 79 (sub Normandy). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XI.12, XII.17. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.).
ii. ROBERT I, Duke of Normandy [see next].”
“Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“CONAN I le Tort, Duke of Brittany, son of Judicael Bérenger, Count of Rennes, by his wife, Gerberge. He was born about 922. He married about 973 ERMENGARDE OF ANJOU, daughter of Geoffroi I Grisegonelle, Count of Anjou, by his 1st wife, Adèle, daughter of Robert, Count of Troyes and Meaux [see Appendix, Line A, Gen. 8 for her ancestry]. They had four sons, Geoffroi (I) [Duke of Brittany], Judicael [Bishop of Vannes], Catuallon [Abbot of Redon], and Urvod, and one daughter, Judith. He was present at the court of Eudes, Count of Chartres, in 979. In 981 he fought a battle against Guerech, Count of Nantes, and his Angevin allies, which is called the "first" Battle of Conquereuil. In 990 he made a donation to Mont Saint-Michel. CONAN I, Duke of Brittany, was slain at the 2nd Battle of Conquereuil near Nantes 27 June 992.
Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 6 (1730): 3-21 (sub Anjou). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 10 (1874): 175 (Ex Chronico S. Michaelis: "DCCCCXCII [A.D. 992]. Secundum bellum full in Concurrum, in quo Fulco Comes Andegavensis victor extitit; et Conanus Brito occisus est: Kal. Julii [1 July] filius Juhelli Berengarii."), 294 (Ex Chronico Kemperlegiensi: "Anno DCCCCXCII [A.D. 992]. Obiit Conanus Comes filius Judicaelis Berengarii Comitis Rhedonensis in bello Concurruc occisus est v Kal. Julii [27 June]."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935), IX 8. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75; 3 (1989): 116 (ancestry of Ermengarde d'Anjou). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IX.3, X.6-X.9.
Children of Conan of Brittany, by Ermengarde d'Anjou:
i. GEOFFROI I, Duke of Brittany [see next].
ii. JUDITH OF BRITTANY, married RICHARD II, Duke of Normandy [see Appendix, Line A, Gen. 10].”

2. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“GEOFFROI I, Duke of Brittany, son and heir. He married between 996 and 999 HAWISE OF NORMANDY, legitimated daughter of Richard I, Duke of Nomandy, by his 2nd wife, Gonnor. They had two sons, Alan [Duke of Brittany] and Eudon [Count (or Duke) of Brittany], and one daughter, Adele [Abbess of Saint-Georges at Rennes]. GEOFFROI I, Duke of Brittany, died 20 Nov. 1008. His widow, Hawise, died 21 Feb. 1034.
Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 10 (1874): 175 (Ex Chronico S. Michaelis: "MVIII [A.D. 1008]. Obiit Gaufredus Dux Britanniæ filius Conani filii Juhelli Berengarii, dum pergeret Romam causa ocationis. Hujus sororem Judith duxit secundus Ricardus Dux Normannorum: et ipse Gaufredus duxit Havidem sororem prædicti Richardi, ex qua genuit duos filios Alanum et Eudonem, qui ei succcessit, partito Ducatu Britannia."), 294 (Ex Chronico Kemperlegiensi: "MVIII [A.D. 1008]. Obiit Gauffridus Dux Britannia, filius Conani filii Juhaelis Berengarii, dum pergeret Romam gratia orationis."), 294 (Ex Chronico Kemperlegiensi: "MXXXIV [A.D. 1034]. Haduisa Comitissa Britannia, vidua Gauffridi, et mater Alani et Eudonis, IX Kal. Martii [21 Feb.] obiit."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) X 9. C.P. 10 (1945): 780 (chart), 779, 781 (sub Richmond). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.6, XI.9-X.I.11.” 		Gunnor (I7136)
 
6303 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“JUDITH OF BRITTANY, married before 1008 (as his 1st wife) RICHARD II, Duke of Normandy, 996-1026, son and heir of Richard I, Count (or Prince) of the Normans, by his 2nd wife, Gunnor. They had three sons, Richard (III) [Duke of Normandy], Robert (I) Duke of Normandy], and Guillaume (monk at Fécamp), and three daughters, Adélaïde (wife of Renaud, Count of Burgundy), ___ (wife of Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders), and Mathilde. His wife, Judith, died 28 June 1017, and was buried in Bernal Abbey. He married (2nd) probably soon after 1017 PAPIA ___. They had two sons, Mauger [Archbishop of Rouen] and Guillaume [Count of Argues]. RICHARD II, Duke of Normandy, died at Fécamp 23 August 1026.
Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de ha France 10 (1874): 175 (Ex Chronico S. Michaelis: "MVIII [A.D. 1008]. Obiit Gaufredus Dux Britanniæ filius Conani filii Juhelli Berengarii, dum pergeret Romam causa ocationis. Hujus sororem Judith duxit secundus Ricardus Dux Normannorum: et ipse Gaufredus duxit Havidem sororem prædicti Richardi, ex qua genuit duos filios Alanum et Eudonem, qui ei succcessit, partito Ducatu Britanniæ."), 322 (Ex Diversis Chronicis et Gestis: "Anno Dom. MXVII [1017]. Obiit Juditha Comitissa."), 323 (Ex Diversis Chronicis et Gestis: "Anno Dom. MXXVI. Obiit Richardus II, Dux Normannorum."). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23, (1894): 420 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "28 Jun. [Obiit] Judith comitissa."), 421 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Ricardus comes IL"), 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "28 Jun. [Obiit] Judita, comitissa Normanniæ."), 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Richardus II, comes Normannorum."). Rene Poupardin, "Généalogies angevines du XIe Siècle," in Mélanges d'Archéologie et d'Histoire 20 (1900): 199-208. Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913): 247-250 (Genealogiæ Comitum Andegavensium). David Douglas, "Some Problems of Early Norman Chronology," in English Hist. Rev. 65 (1950): 289-303. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 79 (sub Normandy). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.7, X1.12-X1.15. Thierry Stasser, "`Mathilde, File du Comte Richard': Essai d'identification," in Annales de Normandie 40 (1990), 49-64. Van Houts Normans in Europe (2000). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped).
Children of Judith of Brittany, by Duke Richard II:
i. RICHARD III, Duke of Normandy, 1026-1027, son and heir. By an unknown mistress, he had one illegitimate son, Nicholas [Abbot of Saint-Ouen], and one illegitimate daughter, ___ (wife of Ranulph, Vicomte of Bessin). RICHARD III, Duke of Normandy, died 5 (or 6) August 1027. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 379 (E Directorio Monasterii Sancti Audoeni Rotomagensis, Ex Calendario: "26 Febr. Obiit Nicholas abbas."), 385 ("Selon cheu qui est contenu es croniques des Normans, Richart li tiers, duc de Normendie, fix du secont Richart duc, out un fix appelé Nichole, qui fu moine à Fescampe, et après fu abbe de l'abaie de Saint-Ouen de Rouen"), 387 (Extrait des Chroniques de Saint-Ouen de Rouen: Nicholas, Abbot of Saint-Ouen, Rouen styled "son of Duke Richard III" [Nichole, fix au tiers due Richart de Normendie]), 420 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "5 Aug. [Obiit] Ricardus comes tertius."), 579 (Nom Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "6 Aug. Richardus comes tertius Normannorum."). English Hist. Rev. 65 (1950): 289-303. Douglas William the Conqueror (1977): 93 ("At the beginning of Duke William's reign the vicomte of the Bessin was Rannulf, who was the son of a vicomte named Anschitil. He married a daughter of Duke Richard III and was among the defeated rebels at Val-es-Dunes. None the less, the office continued in the family, for he was succeeded by another Rannulf (II) who was established at Avranches before the Norman conquest, and who survived until after April 1089. Moreover, this second Rannulf married Maud, daughter of Richard, vicomte of the Avranchin, thus linking together two powerful vice-comital dynasties which were later in turn to determine the succession of the earldom of Chester."). Schwennicke Europäische Stanmtafeln 2 (1984): 79 (sub Normandy). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XI.12, XII.17. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.).
ii. ROBERT I, Duke of Normandy [see next].” 		of Normandy, Richard III (I6523)
 
6304 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“JUDITH OF FRANCE, born about 844. She married (1st) at Verberie near Senlis 1 October 856 ÆTHELWULF, King of the West Saxons, son of Egbert, King of Wessex, by his wife, Redburge. They had no issue. He died 13 Jan. 858. She married (2nd) in 858 ÆTHELBALD, King of the West Saxons, son of Aethelwulf, King of Wessex, by his wife, Osburga. They had no issue. He died 22 Dec. 860. She married (3rd) at Auxerre in 862 (before 23 Nov.) BAUDOUIN I Bras de Fer, Count/Marquis of Flanders, before 862-879, Lay-abbot of Saint-Pierre, Ghent, 870, son of Audacer (or Odoacre), King of Morins. They had three sons, Charles, Baldwin (II) [Count/Marquis of Flanders], and Raoul [Count of Vermandois], and one daughter, (nun at Laon). His wife, Queen Judith, died after 870. BAUDOUIN I, Count/Marquis of Flanders, died at Arras in 879, and was buried in the abbey of Saint-Bertin, Saint-Omer.
Histoire des Combos de Flandre (1698): 8-12. Panckoucke Abrégé Chronologique de l'Histoire de Flandre (1762): 1-7. Galopin Historiae Flandricae (1781): 5. Wauters Table Chronologique des Chartes et Diplômes Imprimés 17 (1866): xxxvii, xxxviii, xlv, 210, 246-248, 251, 254, 261, 320, 368, 655. Dümmler Briefe und Verse des neunten Jahrhunderts, Neues Archiv der Gesellschaft für ältere deutsche Geschichtskunde 13 (1888): 344-363. Compte-rendu des Séances de la Commission Royale d'Histoire 5th Ser. 9 (1898): 142-180 (sub Comtes de Flandre). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Epistolae VI (1925): 56-57, 186 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders, styled "son-in-law of the king" [generi Regis] in letter dated A.D. 862-875), 272-277, 360-362, 369-372, 412-414. Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 33. Ganshof Flandre sous les Premiers Comtes (1949): 16. Schwennicke Europäische Stanmtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks), 5 (sub Flanders). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.39, V.47-V.48.” 		Audacer (I7455)
 
6305 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“JUDITH OF FRANCE, born about 844. She married (1st) at Verberie near Senlis 1 October 856 ÆTHELWULF, King of the West Saxons, son of Egbert, King of Wessex, by his wife, Redburge. They had no issue. He died 13 Jan. 858. She married (2nd) in 858 ÆTHELBALD, King of the West Saxons, son of Aethelwulf, King of Wessex, by his wife, Osburga. They had no issue. He died 22 Dec. 860. She married (3rd) at Auxerre in 862 (before 23 Nov.) BAUDOUIN I Bras de Fer, Count/Marquis of Flanders, before 862-879, Lay-abbot of Saint-Pierre, Ghent, 870, son of Audacer (or Odoacre), King of Morins. They had three sons, Charles, Baldwin (II) [Count/Marquis of Flanders], and Raoul [Count of Vermandois], and one daughter, (nun at Laon). His wife, Queen Judith, died after 870. BAUDOUIN I, Count/Marquis of Flanders, died at Arras in 879, and was buried in the abbey of Saint-Bertin, Saint-Omer.
Histoire des Combos de Flandre (1698): 8-12. Panckoucke Abrégé Chronologique de l'Histoire de Flandre (1762): 1-7. Galopin Historiae Flandricae (1781): 5. Wauters Table Chronologique des Chartes et Diplômes Imprimés 17 (1866): xxxvii, xxxviii, xlv, 210, 246-248, 251, 254, 261, 320, 368, 655. Dümmler Briefe und Verse des neunten Jahrhunderts, Neues Archiv der Gesellschaft für ältere deutsche Geschichtskunde 13 (1888): 344-363. Compte-rendu des Séances de la Commission Royale d'Histoire 5th Ser. 9 (1898): 142-180 (sub Comtes de Flandre). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Epistolae VI (1925): 56-57, 186 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders, styled "son-in-law of the king" [generi Regis] in letter dated A.D. 862-875), 272-277, 360-362, 369-372, 412-414. Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 33. Ganshof Flandre sous les Premiers Comtes (1949): 16. Schwennicke Europäische Stanmtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks), 5 (sub Flanders). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.39, V.47-V.48.” 		of Flanders, (Nun at Laon) (I7454)
 
6306 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“JUDITH OF FRANCE, born about 844. She married (1st) at Verberie near Senlis 1 October 856 ÆTHELWULF, King of the West Saxons, son of Egbert, King of Wessex, by his wife, Redburge. They had no issue. He died 13 Jan. 858. She married (2nd) in 858 ÆTHELBALD, King of the West Saxons, son of Aethelwulf, King of Wessex, by his wife, Osburga. They had no issue. He died 22 Dec. 860. She married (3rd) at Auxerre in 862 (before 23 Nov.) BAUDOUIN I Bras de Fer, Count/Marquis of Flanders, before 862-879, Lay-abbot of Saint-Pierre, Ghent, 870, son of Audacer (or Odoacre), King of Morins. They had three sons, Charles, Baldwin (II) [Count/Marquis of Flanders], and Raoul [Count of Vermandois], and one daughter, (nun at Laon). His wife, Queen Judith, died after 870. BAUDOUIN I, Count/Marquis of Flanders, died at Arras in 879, and was buried in the abbey of Saint-Bertin, Saint-Omer.
Histoire des Combos de Flandre (1698): 8-12. Panckoucke Abrégé Chronologique de l'Histoire de Flandre (1762): 1-7. Galopin Historiae Flandricae (1781): 5. Wauters Table Chronologique des Chartes et Diplômes Imprimés 17 (1866): xxxvii, xxxviii, xlv, 210, 246-248, 251, 254, 261, 320, 368, 655. Dümmler Briefe und Verse des neunten Jahrhunderts, Neues Archiv der Gesellschaft für ältere deutsche Geschichtskunde 13 (1888): 344-363. Compte-rendu des Séances de la Commission Royale d'Histoire 5th Ser. 9 (1898): 142-180 (sub Comtes de Flandre). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Epistolae VI (1925): 56-57, 186 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders, styled "son-in-law of the king" [generi Regis] in letter dated A.D. 862-875), 272-277, 360-362, 369-372, 412-414. Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 33. Ganshof Flandre sous les Premiers Comtes (1949): 16. Schwennicke Europäische Stanmtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks), 5 (sub Flanders). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.39, V.47-V.48.” 		Raoul (I7453)
 
6307 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“JUDITH OF FRANCE, born about 844. She married (1st) at Verberie near Senlis 1 October 856 ÆTHELWULF, King of the West Saxons, son of Egbert, King of Wessex, by his wife, Redburge. They had no issue. He died 13 Jan. 858. She married (2nd) in 858 ÆTHELBALD, King of the West Saxons, son of Aethelwulf, King of Wessex, by his wife, Osburga. They had no issue. He died 22 Dec. 860. She married (3rd) at Auxerre in 862 (before 23 Nov.) BAUDOUIN I Bras de Fer, Count/Marquis of Flanders, before 862-879, Lay-abbot of Saint-Pierre, Ghent, 870, son of Audacer (or Odoacre), King of Morins. They had three sons, Charles, Baldwin (II) [Count/Marquis of Flanders], and Raoul [Count of Vermandois], and one daughter, (nun at Laon). His wife, Queen Judith, died after 870. BAUDOUIN I, Count/Marquis of Flanders, died at Arras in 879, and was buried in the abbey of Saint-Bertin, Saint-Omer.
Histoire des Combos de Flandre (1698): 8-12. Panckoucke Abrégé Chronologique de l'Histoire de Flandre (1762): 1-7. Galopin Historiae Flandricae (1781): 5. Wauters Table Chronologique des Chartes et Diplômes Imprimés 17 (1866): xxxvii, xxxviii, xlv, 210, 246-248, 251, 254, 261, 320, 368, 655. Dümmler Briefe und Verse des neunten Jahrhunderts, Neues Archiv der Gesellschaft für ältere deutsche Geschichtskunde 13 (1888): 344-363. Compte-rendu des Séances de la Commission Royale d'Histoire 5th Ser. 9 (1898): 142-180 (sub Comtes de Flandre). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Epistolae VI (1925): 56-57, 186 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders, styled "son-in-law of the king" [generi Regis] in letter dated A.D. 862-875), 272-277, 360-362, 369-372, 412-414. Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 33. Ganshof Flandre sous les Premiers Comtes (1949): 16. Schwennicke Europäische Stanmtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks), 5 (sub Flanders). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.39, V.47-V.48.” 		Charles (I7451)
 
6308 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“JUDITH OF FRANCE, born about 844. She married (1st) at Verberie near Senlis 1 October 856 ÆTHELWULF, King of the West Saxons, son of Egbert, King of Wessex, by his wife, Redburge. They had no issue. He died 13 Jan. 858. She married (2nd) in 858 ÆTHELBALD, King of the West Saxons, son of Aethelwulf, King of Wessex, by his wife, Osburga. They had no issue. He died 22 Dec. 860. She married (3rd) at Auxerre in 862 (before 23 Nov.) BAUDOUIN I Bras de Fer, Count/Marquis of Flanders, before 862-879, Lay-abbot of Saint-Pierre, Ghent, 870, son of Audacer (or Odoacre), King of Morins. They had three sons, Charles, Baldwin (II) [Count/Marquis of Flanders], and Raoul [Count of Vermandois], and one daughter, (nun at Laon). His wife, Queen Judith, died after 870. BAUDOUIN I, Count/Marquis of Flanders, died at Arras in 879, and was buried in the abbey of Saint-Bertin, Saint-Omer.
Histoire des Combos de Flandre (1698): 8-12. Panckoucke Abrégé Chronologique de l'Histoire de Flandre (1762): 1-7. Galopin Historiae Flandricae (1781): 5. Wauters Table Chronologique des Chartes et Diplômes Imprimés 17 (1866): xxxvii, xxxviii, xlv, 210, 246-248, 251, 254, 261, 320, 368, 655. Dümmler Briefe und Verse des neunten Jahrhunderts, Neues Archiv der Gesellschaft für ältere deutsche Geschichtskunde 13 (1888): 344-363. Compte-rendu des Séances de la Commission Royale d'Histoire 5th Ser. 9 (1898): 142-180 (sub Comtes de Flandre). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Epistolae VI (1925): 56-57, 186 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders, styled "son-in-law of the king" [generi Regis] in letter dated A.D. 862-875), 272-277, 360-362, 369-372, 412-414. Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 33. Ganshof Flandre sous les Premiers Comtes (1949): 16. Schwennicke Europäische Stanmtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks), 5 (sub Flanders). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.39, V.47-V.48.” 		Baudouin I "Bras de Fer" (I7450)
 
6309 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“JUDITH OF FRANCE, born about 844. She married (1st) at Verberie near Senlis 1 October 856 ÆTHELWULF, King of the West Saxons, son of Egbert, King of Wessex, by his wife, Redburge. They had no issue. He died 13 Jan. 858. She married (2nd) in 858 ÆTHELBALD, King of the West Saxons, son of Aethelwulf, King of Wessex, by his wife, Osburga. They had no issue. He died 22 Dec. 860. She married (3rd) at Auxerre in 862 (before 23 Nov.) BAUDOUIN I Bras de Fer, Count/Marquis of Flanders, before 862-879, Lay-abbot of Saint-Pierre, Ghent, 870, son of Audacer (or Odoacre), King of Morins. They had three sons, Charles, Baldwin (II) [Count/Marquis of Flanders], and Raoul [Count of Vermandois], and one daughter, (nun at Laon). His wife, Queen Judith, died after 870. BAUDOUIN I, Count/Marquis of Flanders, died at Arras in 879, and was buried in the abbey of Saint-Bertin, Saint-Omer.
Histoire des Combos de Flandre (1698): 8-12. Panckoucke Abrégé Chronologique de l'Histoire de Flandre (1762): 1-7. Galopin Historiae Flandricae (1781): 5. Wauters Table Chronologique des Chartes et Diplômes Imprimés 17 (1866): xxxvii, xxxviii, xlv, 210, 246-248, 251, 254, 261, 320, 368, 655. Dümmler Briefe und Verse des neunten Jahrhunderts, Neues Archiv der Gesellschaft für ältere deutsche Geschichtskunde 13 (1888): 344-363. Compte-rendu des Séances de la Commission Royale d'Histoire 5th Ser. 9 (1898): 142-180 (sub Comtes de Flandre). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Epistolae VI (1925): 56-57, 186 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders, styled "son-in-law of the king" [generi Regis] in letter dated A.D. 862-875), 272-277, 360-362, 369-372, 412-414. Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 33. Ganshof Flandre sous les Premiers Comtes (1949): 16. Schwennicke Europäische Stanmtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks), 5 (sub Flanders). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.39, V.47-V.48.” 		Æthelbald (I7449)
 
6310 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“JUDITH OF FRANCE, born about 844. She married (1st) at Verberie near Senlis 1 October 856 ÆTHELWULF, King of the West Saxons, son of Egbert, King of Wessex, by his wife, Redburge. They had no issue. He died 13 Jan. 858. She married (2nd) in 858 ÆTHELBALD, King of the West Saxons, son of Aethelwulf, King of Wessex, by his wife, Osburga. They had no issue. He died 22 Dec. 860. She married (3rd) at Auxerre in 862 (before 23 Nov.) BAUDOUIN I Bras de Fer, Count/Marquis of Flanders, before 862-879, Lay-abbot of Saint-Pierre, Ghent, 870, son of Audacer (or Odoacre), King of Morins. They had three sons, Charles, Baldwin (II) [Count/Marquis of Flanders], and Raoul [Count of Vermandois], and one daughter, (nun at Laon). His wife, Queen Judith, died after 870. BAUDOUIN I, Count/Marquis of Flanders, died at Arras in 879, and was buried in the abbey of Saint-Bertin, Saint-Omer.
Histoire des Combos de Flandre (1698): 8-12. Panckoucke Abrégé Chronologique de l'Histoire de Flandre (1762): 1-7. Galopin Historiae Flandricae (1781): 5. Wauters Table Chronologique des Chartes et Diplômes Imprimés 17 (1866): xxxvii, xxxviii, xlv, 210, 246-248, 251, 254, 261, 320, 368, 655. Dümmler Briefe und Verse des neunten Jahrhunderts, Neues Archiv der Gesellschaft für ältere deutsche Geschichtskunde 13 (1888): 344-363. Compte-rendu des Séances de la Commission Royale d'Histoire 5th Ser. 9 (1898): 142-180 (sub Comtes de Flandre). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Epistolae VI (1925): 56-57, 186 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders, styled "son-in-law of the king" [generi Regis] in letter dated A.D. 862-875), 272-277, 360-362, 369-372, 412-414. Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 33. Ganshof Flandre sous les Premiers Comtes (1949): 16. Schwennicke Europäische Stanmtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks), 5 (sub Flanders). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.39, V.47-V.48.” 		Æthelwulf (I7448)
 
6311 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“JUDITH OF FRANCE, born about 844. She married (1st) at Verberie near Senlis 1 October 856 ÆTHELWULF, King of the West Saxons, son of Egbert, King of Wessex, by his wife, Redburge. They had no issue. He died 13 Jan. 858. She married (2nd) in 858 ÆTHELBALD, King of the West Saxons, son of Aethelwulf, King of Wessex, by his wife, Osburga. They had no issue. He died 22 Dec. 860. She married (3rd) at Auxerre in 862 (before 23 Nov.) BAUDOUIN I Bras de Fer, Count/Marquis of Flanders, before 862-879, Lay-abbot of Saint-Pierre, Ghent, 870, son of Audacer (or Odoacre), King of Morins. They had three sons, Charles, Baldwin (II) [Count/Marquis of Flanders], and Raoul [Count of Vermandois], and one daughter, (nun at Laon). His wife, Queen Judith, died after 870. BAUDOUIN I, Count/Marquis of Flanders, died at Arras in 879, and was buried in the abbey of Saint-Bertin, Saint-Omer.
Histoire des Combos de Flandre (1698): 8-12. Panckoucke Abrégé Chronologique de l'Histoire de Flandre (1762): 1-7. Galopin Historiae Flandricae (1781): 5. Wauters Table Chronologique des Chartes et Diplômes Imprimés 17 (1866): xxxvii, xxxviii, xlv, 210, 246-248, 251, 254, 261, 320, 368, 655. Dümmler Briefe und Verse des neunten Jahrhunderts, Neues Archiv der Gesellschaft für ältere deutsche Geschichtskunde 13 (1888): 344-363. Compte-rendu des Séances de la Commission Royale d'Histoire 5th Ser. 9 (1898): 142-180 (sub Comtes de Flandre). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Epistolae VI (1925): 56-57, 186 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders, styled "son-in-law of the king" [generi Regis] in letter dated A.D. 862-875), 272-277, 360-362, 369-372, 412-414. Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 33. Ganshof Flandre sous les Premiers Comtes (1949): 16. Schwennicke Europäische Stanmtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks), 5 (sub Flanders). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.39, V.47-V.48.”

2. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“CHARLES II the Bald, King of Neustria, 838-840, King of the West Franks, 840-877, King of (western) Lorraine, 870-877, King of Italy, 875-877, Emperor, 875-877, son by his father's 2nd marriage, born at Frankfurt-am-Main 13 June 823. He married (1st) at Quierzy, Aisne 13 Dec. 842 ERMENTRUDE OF ORLÉANS, daughter of Eudes, Count of Orléans, by his wife, Engeltrude. She was born 27 Sept., about 830. They had six sons, Louis (II) [King of Neustria, King of Aquitaine, King of France], Charles [King of Aquitaine], Karlmann (or Carloman) [Abbot of St.-Germain of Auxerre], Lothair [Abbot of St.-Germain of Auxerre], Dreux, and Pépin, and four daughters, Judith, Hildegarde, Ermentrude [Abbess of Hasnon], and Gisela (or Gisele). His wife, Ermentrude, died 6 October 869. He married (2nd) 12 October 869, confirmed at Aix-la-Chapelle 22 Jan. 870 RICHILDE OF GORZE, daughter of Bivin, Count and Abbot of Gorze, by daughter of Boson l'Ancien, count in Italy. They had three children, including one son, Charles, and one daughter, Rothilde (wife of Rodgar [or Roger], Count of Maine). CHARLES II the Bald, Emperor, King of the West Franks, died at Brides-les-Bains (Savoie, Fr.) 6 October 877, and was buried at Nantua monastery, later at St. Denis. His widow, Richilde, living 910, and died before 3 Feb. 911.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini inc. 877. Karolus, frater eius, Nonas Octob. feliciter obit.”) Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of King Charles II dated A.D. 843 - Oval: bust of a youthful personage, in profile to the right, head crowned with laurel. Legend: + KAROLVS GRATIA DI REX.). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 54-55 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D. 877: "Karolus imperator obiit, id est Calvus, et filius ejus Hludowicus regnum recepit."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) III 15. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (sub Die Karolinger); 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): III.15, IV.39-IV.52. Online resource: http.//www.mittelalter-genealogie.de/mittelalter/koenige/frankenreich/karl_2_der_kahle_koenig_von_frankreich_877.html.” 		of France, Judith (I7439)
 
6312 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“JUDITH OF LENS, born about 1054. She married after January 1070 WALTHEOF, Earl of Northumberland, lord of Potton, Bedfordshire, Waltharnstow, Essex, Conington, Leighton Bromswold, Little Catford, and Sawtry, Huntingdonshire, Barnack, East Farndon, Fotheringay, Harringworth, and Lilford, Northamptonshire, etc., son and heir of Siward, Earl of Northumberland, by Ælfflaed, daughter of Earl Ealdred. They had two daughters, Maud [Queen of Scotland] and Alice. He was still young at the death of his father in 1055. He was active against the Norman in the northern counties and especially at York in 1069. In 1070 he made his peace with King William the Conqueror. He occurs as one of the witnesses to King William's charter to Wells dated 1068. He was present at the marriage of Ralph de Wader at Exning, Cambridgeshire, where the guests entered into a conspiracy against the king. In this he was to some slight extent implicated, but acting on the advise of Archbishop Lanfranc, he crossed over to Normandy to the king, and disclosed the matter to him. The conspiracy having been crushed, the king kept Waltheof with him. But he was accused by his wife, Judith, of more than a mere knowledge of the plot. After a year's deliberation, during which he was imprisoned at Winchester, Waltheof was executed at Winchester, Hampshire 31 May 1075 (or 1076). Two weeks afterwards the king allowed his body to be removed to Croyland Abbey, Lincolnshire, where the abbot buried him in the chapterhouse; his remains were subsequently translated into the church near the altar. At an unknown date, Judith was granted the manor of Elstow, Bedfordshire by her uncle, King William the Conqueror. Sometime prior to 1086, she founded a nunnery at Elstow and endowed it with the vill. She was living in 1086, and presumably died about 1090.
Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 159 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1076: "Walthevus Comes decollatus est."). Lysons Environs of London 1(2) (1811): 699-700. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 522-523. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. illus. the Hist. of Scotland 1 (1837): 100-101 xxx (Cronica Canonicorum Beate Marie Huntingdon: "David qui regnavit et duxit Matildam Comitissam Huntingd' neptem Willelmi Regis Anglorum filiam Ivette que fuit filia Lamberti de Louns Comitis."). Col. Top. et Gen. 6 (1840): 261-265. Edwards Liber Monasterii de Hyda (Rolls Ser. 45) (1866): 294-295 (Judith [of Lens], wife of Earl Waltheof, styled "king's kinswoman" [consanguineam regis] [i.e., kinswoman of King William the Conqueror]). Freeman Hist. of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 813-815 (re. connection of Earl Waltheof with conspiracy of Ralph). Remarks & Colls. of Thomas Hearne 3 (Oxford Hist. Soc.) (1889): 104 (ped. chart). Searle Ingulf & the Historia Croylandensis (1894): 104-110 (biog. of Earl Waltheof, the martyr). Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 8 (1901): 525-526. Rutland Mag. & County Hist. Rec. 3 (1908): 97-106, 129-137. VCH Bedford 2 (1908): 237-242; 3 (1912): 280-281, 296-305. Pubs. of Bedfordshire Hist. Rec. Soc. 9 (1925): 23-34. VCH Northampton 3 (1930): 227-231. VCH Huntingdon 3 (1936): 86-92, 144-151, 203-212. Arch. Aeliana 30 (1952): 200-201. Giles Vita et Passio Waldevi comitis in Original Lives of Anglo-Saxons and others who lived before the Conquest (Caxton Soc. 16) (1954): 1-30. Offler Durham Episcopal Charters 1071-1152 (1968): 2, 5, 6, 16n, 27, 30-31, 39-47. VCH Essex 6 (1973): 253-263. VCH Cambridge 6 (1978): 177-182. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XI.227, XII.398-XII.399. Schwennicke Europaische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 621 (sub Boulogne). Bower Scotichronicon 3 (1995): 64-65 & 126-127 (instances of Judith, wife of Earl Waltheof, styled "niece" [neptis] of King William the Conqueror). Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigny 2 (1995): 270-273 (Deeds of the Norman Dukes: "Waltheof had three daughters by his wife [Judith], a daughter of the countess of Aumâle, who was a uterine sister of William the elder, king of the English. Simon de Senlis married another of Earl Waltheof’s daughters and received with her the earldom of Huntingdon. He had by her a son called Simon. After the death of Earl Simon, David, brother of secundae Maud, queen of the English, married his widow, by whom he had one son. After the death of his brothers Duncan and Alexander, kings of Scots, he became king. Another of Waltheof’s daughters, Judith [recte Alice], married Rodolf de Toeny, as we have already mentioned. The third daughter [recte granddaughter] was married by Robert Fitz Richard, as we have also mentioned above."). William The English & the Norman Conquest (1995). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 290 (chart).
Children of Judith of Lens, by Waltheof of Northumberland:
i. MAUD OF NORTHUMBERLAND [see next].
ii. ALICE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, married RALPH DE TONY, of Flamstead, Hertfordshire [see TONY 3].”

2. From Wikipedia, accessed 1 Sep 2019. Earl Ealdred, son of Uchtred. (Redirected from Ealdred II of Bamburgh)
"Ealdred was Earl of Bernicia from 1020/25 until his murder in 1038. He was the son of Uhtred, Earl of Northumbria, who was murdered by Thurbrand the Hold in 1016 with the connivance of Cnut. Ealdred's mother was Ecgfrida, daughter of Aldhun, bishop of Durham.
Ealdred succeeded his uncle Eadwulf Cudel as Earl of Bernicia in 1020/25, and some time probably in the mid 1020s he killed Thurbrand in revenge for his father's death. In 1038 Ealdred was murdered by Thurbrand's son, Carl. He was succeeded as Earl of Bernicia by his brother, another Eadwulf. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle asserts that in 1041 Eadwulf was "betrayed" by King Harthacnut.[1] The "betrayal" seems to have been carried out by Siward, Earl of Northumbria; since when the Libellus de Exordio and other sources write about the same event, they say that Siward attacked and killed Eadulf.[2] It was thus that Siward became earl of all Northumbria, perhaps the first person to do so since Uhtred the Bold.
Ealdred's daughter Ealdgyth was married to Ligulf, who was murdered in 1080.[3] Ealdred's daughter, Aelfflaed, was the first wife of Siward and her son (Ealdred's grandson) was Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria.
References
1. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle manuscripts C, D, s.a. 1041
2. Rollason (ed.), Libellus de Exordio, pp. 170–71
3. Aird, William M. (2004). "Ligulf (d. 1080)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/16791. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
Sources
Fletcher, Richard. Bloodfeud: Murder and Revenge in Anglo-Saxon England. Allen Lane 2002.
External links
Ealdred 52 at Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England"

3. Website "English Monarchs" http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/vikings_18.html accessed 1 Sep 2019:
"Siward Earl of Northumbria, d. 1055
The larger than life figure of Siward, earl of Northumbria first appears on the pages of history in the year 1033, when he stood as a witness in a charter by King Canute for Archbishop Ælfric of York.
Siward is generally considered to be of Danish stock, the 'Vita Ædwardi Regis', which was compiled by an anonymous author circa 1067 and commissioned by Queen Edith, the widow of King Edward the Confessor, records that Siward's nickname was 'Digri', or 'Digara', deriving from the Danish Diger meaning 'the Stout', or 'the Strong'. The biography of Siward's son Waltheof, states that Siward was the son of a Scandinavian earl named Bjorn. A legend preserved in the twelfth century claims that Bjorn was descended from the union of a lady and a white bear.
Siward grew to be powerful figure in the north of England during the reign of King Canute the Great, a formidable Viking warrior who conquered England and made himself king in the first decade of the eleventh century. Siward was one of many Danes who arrived in England in the wake of Canute's conquest of the country, although the date and context of his arrival in England are not known.
He succeeded Erik of Hlathir, earl of Northumbria, as ruler of southern Northumbria between 1023 and 1033. Siward then entrenched his position in northern England by marrying Ælfflæd, the daughter of Ealdred, Earl of Bamburgh and granddaughter of Uhtred the Bold. After slaying Ealdred's successor Eadulf in 1041, Siward acquired control of all of Northumbria. He was delegated authority in England by the king while Canute was otherwise occupied in his Scandinavian territories.
On the death of Canute in 1035, the throne was siezed by his illegitimate son Harold Harefoot. Canute's legitimate son Hardicanute was in Denmark at the time of his father's death, his involvement in a war against King Magnus I of Norway resulted in his not being able to secure his claim to the throne of England. As Hardicanute was preparing an invasion of England, Harold died in 1040 and was succeeded by his brother. Hardicanute's first act on arriving in his new kingdom, was to have his half-brother Harold's body disinterred, beheaded and slung into a marsh, causing outrage amongst churchmen. Siward appears as 'Sywardus Comes' in 1038, as witness to a charter of King Hardicanute to the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds. He further witnessed a confirmation granted by Harthacnut to Fécamp Abbey, between 1040 and 1042. Hardicanute reigned in England for but two years dying in 1042, like his half-brother, he met his end in the throes of a fit, incurred during a riotous drinking bout at Clapham.
Hardicanute was succeeded by Saxon half-brother Edward the Confessor. Siward was to become one of the Confessor's most powerful supporters. On 16 November 1043, Siward, Godwine Earl of Wessex and Leofric Earl of Mercia, aided the king against his mother, Emma of Normandy.
Edward's attitude to Emma was cold and reserved. He resented her second marriage to his father's rival, King Canute, and Emma's preference for her children by Canute over himself and his brother, Alfred. Edward complained that his mother had "done less for him than he wanted before he became king, and also afterwards". He confiscated her considerable wealth and then went on to accuse his mother of treason, it was claimed that Emma had incited King Magnus of Norway to attack England.
Along with Earl Leofric and Ralph the Timid, Earl of Hereford, Siward assisted the king to combat a rebellion by the powerful Earl Godwine and his sons in 1051 which resulted in the exile of Godwine. Godwine returned to England in 1052. Siward further extended his influence in the south, bringing the shire of Northampton under his control in the 1040s and Huntingdon in the 1050s.
In 1039 or 1040, the Scottish king Duncan I invaded Northumbria and lay siege to the town of Durham. Within a year, he was killed by King Macbeth, who after defeating him in battle, succeeded to the throne of Scotland. The elder of Duncan's sons, Malcolm, enlisted the aid of Edward the Confessor. The twelfth century Annals of Lindisfarne and Durham, record that in the year 1046 -
Earl Siward with a great army came to Scotland, and expelled king Mac Bethad, and appointed another; but after his departure Mac Bethad recovered his kingdom'
Siward met Macbeth in battle to the north of the Firth of Forth, the battle is variously referred to as the "Battle of the Seven Sleepers" or the "Battle of Dunsinane", although the earliest reference to Dunsinane as the location occurs in the early fifteenth century by Andrew of Wyntoun. The earliest contemporary English account of the battle is recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. The battle, in which the Annals of Ulster report 3,000 Scots and 1,500 English died, was fierce and bloody, Siward's eldest son, Osbjorn and his son-in-law were among the dead.
"Around this time Siward, the mighty earl of Northumbria, almost a giant in stature, very strong mentally and physically, sent his son to conquer Scotland. When they came back and reported to his father that he had been killed in battle, he asked 'Did he receive his fatal wound in the front or the back of his body?' The messengers said 'In the front'. Then he said, 'That makes me very happy, for I consider no other death worthy for me or my son'. Then Siward set out for Scotland, and defeated the king in battle, destroyed the whole realm, and having destroyed it, subjected it to himself" --the Historia Anglorum of Henry of Huntingdon.
The great warrior Earl Siward, reported by contemporaries to be a giant of a man in stature, died not in battle, but much to his disdain, in his bed, of dysentry in 1055, during which he bemoaned the fact that instead of dying in one of the many battles he had fought in, he was forced to die like a cow. He insisted on being dressed in his battle armour, with helmet on his head and axe and shield in hand so he could end his days like a warrior and thus attired went to meet his maker.
'Siward, the stalwart earl, being stricken by dysentery, felt that death was near, and said, "How shameful it is that I, who could not die in so many battles, should have been saved for the ignominious death of a cow! At least clothe me in my impenetrable breastplate, gird me with my sword, place my helmet on my head, my shield in my left hand, my gilded battle-axe in my right, that I, the bravest of soldiers, may die like a soldier." He spoke, and armed as he had requested, he gave up his spirit with honour' The Historia Anglorum, Henry of Huntingdon.
The Vita Ædwardi Regis records that Siward died at York and was buried in "the monastery of St Olaf" at Galmanho, which is confirmed by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, John of Worcester, and the Historia Regum.
One of Siward's sons is known to have survived him, Waltheof, whose mother was Ælfflæd. As Waltheof was at the time of his father's death still a young child, King Edward the Confessor appointed Tostig Godwineson, the unruly brother of Harold Godwineson (the future Harold II) as Earl of Northumbria. Waltheof later however became Earl of Northumbria, destined to become the last of the Anglo-Saxon earls, he joined a rebellion against William the Conqueror, and was betrayed by his wife Judith of Lens and executed in May 1076.
Waltheof's daughter, Maud of Huntingdon married David I, King of the Scots, the son of Malcolm Canmore and through this marriage Siward was to became the ancestor of later Scottish and English monarchs."

4. From Wikipedia, accessed 1 Sep 2019.
"Uhtred the Bold
Uchtred or Uhtred, called the Bold (died 1016), was the ealdorman of all Northumbria from 1006 to 1016, when he was assassinated. He was the son of Waltheof I, ealdorman of Bamburgh, whose ancient family had ruled from the castle of Bamburgh on the Northumbrian coast.
Career
In 995, according to Symeon of Durham, when the remains of St Cuthbert were transferred from Chester-le-Street to Durham, Uhtred went to Durham with his monks to clear the site of the new cathedral. The new cathedral was founded by Bishop Aldhun, and Uhtred married Aldhun's daughter, Ecgfrida, probably at about this time. From his marriage he received several estates that had belonged to the church. [1]
In 1006 Malcolm II of Scotland invaded Northumbria and besieged the newly founded episcopal city of Durham. At that time the Danes were raiding southern England and King Ethelred was unable to send help to the Northumbrians. Ealdorman Waltheof was too old to fight and remained in his castle at Bamburgh. Ealdorman Ælfhelm of York also took no action. Uhtred, acting for his father, called together an army from Bernicia and Yorkshire and led it against the Scots. The result was a decisive victory for Uhtred. Local women washed the severed heads of the Scots, receiving a payment of a cow for each, and the heads were fixed on stakes to Durham's walls. Uhtred was rewarded by King Ethelred II with the ealdormanry of Bamburgh even though his father was still alive. In the meantime, Ethelred had Ealdorman Ælfhelm of York murdered, and he allowed Uhtred to succeed Ælfhelm as ealdorman of York, thus uniting northern and southern Northumbria under the house of Bamburgh. It seems likely that Ethelred did not trust the Scandinavian population of southern Northumbria and wanted an Anglo-Saxon in power there. [2]
After receiving these honours Uhtred dismissed his wife, Ecgfrida, and married Sige, daughter of Styr, son of Ulf. Styr was a rich citizen of York. It appears that Uhtred was trying to make political allies amongst the Danes in Deira. Through Sige, Uhtred had two children, Eadulf, later Eadulf III, and Gospatric. This Gospatric's grandson was the infamous Eadwulf Rus who murdered Bishop Walcher.[2]
In 1013 King Sweyn Forkbeard of Denmark invaded England, sailing up the Humber and Trent to the town of Gainsborough. Uhtred submitted to him there, as did all of the Danes in the north. In the winter of 1013 Ethelred was forced into exile in Normandy. After London had finally submitted to him, Sweyn was accepted as king by Christmas 1013. However he only reigned for five weeks, for he died at, or near, Gainsborough on 2 February 1014. At Sweyn’s death, Ethelred was able to return from exile and resume his reign. Uhtred, along with many others, transferred his allegiance back to Ethelred, on his return. Uhtred also married Ethelred’s daughter Ælfgifu about this time. [2]
In 1016 Uhtred campaigned with Ethelred's son Edmund Ironside in Cheshire and the surrounding shires. While Uhtred was away from his lands, Sweyn's son, Cnut, invaded Yorkshire. Cnut's forces were too strong for Uhtred to fight, and so Uhtred did homage to him as King of England. Uhtred was summoned to a meeting with Cnut, and on the way there, he and forty of his men were murdered by Thurbrand the Hold, with assistance from Uhtred's own servant, Wighill and with the connivance of Cnut. Uhtred was succeeded in Bernicia by his brother Eadwulf Cudel. Cnut made the Norwegian, Eric of Hlathir, ealdorman ("earl" in Scandinavian terms) in southern Northumbria. [1]
Descendants
The killing of Uhtred by Thurbrand the Hold started a blood feud that lasted for many years. Uhtred's son Ealdred subsequently avenged his father by killing Thurbrand, but Ealdred in turn was killed by Thurbrand's son, Carl. Ealdred's vengeance had to wait until the 1070s, when Waltheof, Ealdred’s grandson had his soldiers kill most of Carl's sons and grandsons. This is an example of the notorious Northumbrian blood feuds that were common at this time. [3]
Uhtred's dynasty continued to reign in Bernicia through Ealdred, Earl of Bamburgh (killed 1038) his son from his marriage to Ecgfrida, and Eadulf (killed 1041) his son from his marriage to Sige, and briefly Eadulf's son Osulf held the earldom of northern Northumbria 1067 until he too was killed. Eadulf's brother Gospatric began the Swinton Family dynasty, his son Eadulf Rus famously murdering William Walcher, Bishop of Durham which led to William the Conqueror sending an army northwards to harry the region again. Uhtred’s marriage to Ælfgifu produced a daughter, Ealdgyth, who married Maldred, brother of Duncan I of Scotland and who gave birth to a son, Gospatric, who was Earl of Northumbria from 1068 to 1072. [4]
Fiction
In Bernard Cornwell's series The Saxon Stories the protagonist is Earl Uhtred of Bebbanburg, also from Northumbria. The story of the siege of Durham and the severed heads on poles is told about the historical Uhtred (see Battles of the Dark Ages, Peter Marren), though it is perhaps possible to assume that the fictional Earl Uhtred of Bebbanburg is an ancestor of this Uhtred.
In Bernard Cornwell's series he adds a 'historical note' at the end, in which, especially in the first book, he mentions that Uhtred was his ancestor. He took the liberty of installing Uhtred earlier in history.
Adrian Mourby's two Radio Plays, The Corsaint (c.1986) and its sequel, The King of the North Rides his Horse through the Sky (1992) provide convincing dramatic realisations of these historical events. They were broadcast by BBC Radio 4.
The Last Kingdom, a BBC television series, is based on Bernard Cornwell's series The Saxon Stories.
Citations
1. Oxford DNB login
2. Kapelle, William E, The Norman Conquest of the North, 1979, University of North Carolina Press, ISBN 0-7099-0040-6, (pages 15-16)
3. Kapelle, William E, op. cit., (pages 17-19)
4. Kapelle, William E, op. cit., (table 2, page 18)
Sources
Stenton, Sir Frank M. Anglo-Saxon England Third Edition. Oxford University Press, 1971.
Fletcher, Richard. Bloodfeud: Murder and Revenge in Anglo-Saxon England. Allen Lane 2002.
Lee, Sidney, ed. (1899). "Uhtred (d.1016)" . Dictionary of National Biography. 58. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
‘Uhtred, earl of Bamburgh (d. 1016)’, William M. Aird, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 8 April 2015
External links
Uhtred 10, also Uchtred 2 at Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England" 		of Bamburgh, Ealdred II (I6097)
 
6313 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“JUDITH OF LENS, born about 1054. She married after January 1070 WALTHEOF, Earl of Northumberland, lord of Potton, Bedfordshire, Waltharnstow, Essex, Conington, Leighton Bromswold, Little Catford, and Sawtry, Huntingdonshire, Barnack, East Farndon, Fotheringay, Harringworth, and Lilford, Northamptonshire, etc., son and heir of Siward, Earl of Northumberland, by Ælfflaed, daughter of Earl Ealdred. They had two daughters, Maud [Queen of Scotland] and Alice. He was still young at the death of his father in 1055. He was active against the Norman in the northern counties and especially at York in 1069. In 1070 he made his peace with King William the Conqueror. He occurs as one of the witnesses to King William's charter to Wells dated 1068. He was present at the marriage of Ralph de Wader at Exning, Cambridgeshire, where the guests entered into a conspiracy against the king. In this he was to some slight extent implicated, but acting on the advise of Archbishop Lanfranc, he crossed over to Normandy to the king, and disclosed the matter to him. The conspiracy having been crushed, the king kept Waltheof with him. But he was accused by his wife, Judith, of more than a mere knowledge of the plot. After a year's deliberation, during which he was imprisoned at Winchester, Waltheof was executed at Winchester, Hampshire 31 May 1075 (or 1076). Two weeks afterwards the king allowed his body to be removed to Croyland Abbey, Lincolnshire, where the abbot buried him in the chapterhouse; his remains were subsequently translated into the church near the altar. At an unknown date, Judith was granted the manor of Elstow, Bedfordshire by her uncle, King William the Conqueror. Sometime prior to 1086, she founded a nunnery at Elstow and endowed it with the vill. She was living in 1086, and presumably died about 1090.
Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 159 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1076: "Walthevus Comes decollatus est."). Lysons Environs of London 1(2) (1811): 699-700. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 522-523. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. illus. the Hist. of Scotland 1 (1837): 100-101 xxx (Cronica Canonicorum Beate Marie Huntingdon: "David qui regnavit et duxit Matildam Comitissam Huntingd' neptem Willelmi Regis Anglorum filiam Ivette que fuit filia Lamberti de Louns Comitis."). Col. Top. et Gen. 6 (1840): 261-265. Edwards Liber Monasterii de Hyda (Rolls Ser. 45) (1866): 294-295 (Judith [of Lens], wife of Earl Waltheof, styled "king's kinswoman" [consanguineam regis] [i.e., kinswoman of King William the Conqueror]). Freeman Hist. of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 813-815 (re. connection of Earl Waltheof with conspiracy of Ralph). Remarks & Colls. of Thomas Hearne 3 (Oxford Hist. Soc.) (1889): 104 (ped. chart). Searle Ingulf & the Historia Croylandensis (1894): 104-110 (biog. of Earl Waltheof, the martyr). Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 8 (1901): 525-526. Rutland Mag. & County Hist. Rec. 3 (1908): 97-106, 129-137. VCH Bedford 2 (1908): 237-242; 3 (1912): 280-281, 296-305. Pubs. of Bedfordshire Hist. Rec. Soc. 9 (1925): 23-34. VCH Northampton 3 (1930): 227-231. VCH Huntingdon 3 (1936): 86-92, 144-151, 203-212. Arch. Aeliana 30 (1952): 200-201. Giles Vita et Passio Waldevi comitis in Original Lives of Anglo-Saxons and others who lived before the Conquest (Caxton Soc. 16) (1954): 1-30. Offler Durham Episcopal Charters 1071-1152 (1968): 2, 5, 6, 16n, 27, 30-31, 39-47. VCH Essex 6 (1973): 253-263. VCH Cambridge 6 (1978): 177-182. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XI.227, XII.398-XII.399. Schwennicke Europaische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 621 (sub Boulogne). Bower Scotichronicon 3 (1995): 64-65 & 126-127 (instances of Judith, wife of Earl Waltheof, styled "niece" [neptis] of King William the Conqueror). Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigny 2 (1995): 270-273 (Deeds of the Norman Dukes: "Waltheof had three daughters by his wife [Judith], a daughter of the countess of Aumâle, who was a uterine sister of William the elder, king of the English. Simon de Senlis married another of Earl Waltheof’s daughters and received with her the earldom of Huntingdon. He had by her a son called Simon. After the death of Earl Simon, David, brother of secundae Maud, queen of the English, married his widow, by whom he had one son. After the death of his brothers Duncan and Alexander, kings of Scots, he became king. Another of Waltheof’s daughters, Judith [recte Alice], married Rodolf de Toeny, as we have already mentioned. The third daughter [recte granddaughter] was married by Robert Fitz Richard, as we have also mentioned above."). William The English & the Norman Conquest (1995). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 290 (chart).
Children of Judith of Lens, by Waltheof of Northumberland:
i. MAUD OF NORTHUMBERLAND [see next].
ii. ALICE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, married RALPH DE TONY, of Flamstead, Hertfordshire [see TONY 3].”

2. Website "English Monarchs" http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/vikings_18.html accessed 1 Sep 2019:
"Siward Earl of Northumbria, d. 1055
The larger than life figure of Siward, earl of Northumbria first appears on the pages of history in the year 1033, when he stood as a witness in a charter by King Canute for Archbishop Ælfric of York.
Siward is generally considered to be of Danish stock, the 'Vita Ædwardi Regis', which was compiled by an anonymous author circa 1067 and commissioned by Queen Edith, the widow of King Edward the Confessor, records that Siward's nickname was 'Digri', or 'Digara', deriving from the Danish Diger meaning 'the Stout', or 'the Strong'. The biography of Siward's son Waltheof, states that Siward was the son of a Scandinavian earl named Bjorn. A legend preserved in the twelfth century claims that Bjorn was descended from the union of a lady and a white bear.
Siward grew to be powerful figure in the north of England during the reign of King Canute the Great, a formidable Viking warrior who conquered England and made himself king in the first decade of the eleventh century. Siward was one of many Danes who arrived in England in the wake of Canute's conquest of the country, although the date and context of his arrival in England are not known.
He succeeded Erik of Hlathir, earl of Northumbria, as ruler of southern Northumbria between 1023 and 1033. Siward then entrenched his position in northern England by marrying Ælfflæd, the daughter of Ealdred, Earl of Bamburgh and granddaughter of Uhtred the Bold. After slaying Ealdred's successor Eadulf in 1041, Siward acquired control of all of Northumbria. He was delegated authority in England by the king while Canute was otherwise occupied in his Scandinavian territories.
On the death of Canute in 1035, the throne was siezed by his illegitimate son Harold Harefoot. Canute's legitimate son Hardicanute was in Denmark at the time of his father's death, his involvement in a war against King Magnus I of Norway resulted in his not being able to secure his claim to the throne of England. As Hardicanute was preparing an invasion of England, Harold died in 1040 and was succeeded by his brother. Hardicanute's first act on arriving in his new kingdom, was to have his half-brother Harold's body disinterred, beheaded and slung into a marsh, causing outrage amongst churchmen. Siward appears as 'Sywardus Comes' in 1038, as witness to a charter of King Hardicanute to the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds. He further witnessed a confirmation granted by Harthacnut to Fécamp Abbey, between 1040 and 1042. Hardicanute reigned in England for but two years dying in 1042, like his half-brother, he met his end in the throes of a fit, incurred during a riotous drinking bout at Clapham.
Hardicanute was succeeded by Saxon half-brother Edward the Confessor. Siward was to become one of the Confessor's most powerful supporters. On 16 November 1043, Siward, Godwine Earl of Wessex and Leofric Earl of Mercia, aided the king against his mother, Emma of Normandy.
Edward's attitude to Emma was cold and reserved. He resented her second marriage to his father's rival, King Canute, and Emma's preference for her children by Canute over himself and his brother, Alfred. Edward complained that his mother had "done less for him than he wanted before he became king, and also afterwards". He confiscated her considerable wealth and then went on to accuse his mother of treason, it was claimed that Emma had incited King Magnus of Norway to attack England.
Along with Earl Leofric and Ralph the Timid, Earl of Hereford, Siward assisted the king to combat a rebellion by the powerful Earl Godwine and his sons in 1051 which resulted in the exile of Godwine. Godwine returned to England in 1052. Siward further extended his influence in the south, bringing the shire of Northampton under his control in the 1040s and Huntingdon in the 1050s.
In 1039 or 1040, the Scottish king Duncan I invaded Northumbria and lay siege to the town of Durham. Within a year, he was killed by King Macbeth, who after defeating him in battle, succeeded to the throne of Scotland. The elder of Duncan's sons, Malcolm, enlisted the aid of Edward the Confessor. The twelfth century Annals of Lindisfarne and Durham, record that in the year 1046 -
Earl Siward with a great army came to Scotland, and expelled king Mac Bethad, and appointed another; but after his departure Mac Bethad recovered his kingdom'
Siward met Macbeth in battle to the north of the Firth of Forth, the battle is variously referred to as the "Battle of the Seven Sleepers" or the "Battle of Dunsinane", although the earliest reference to Dunsinane as the location occurs in the early fifteenth century by Andrew of Wyntoun. The earliest contemporary English account of the battle is recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. The battle, in which the Annals of Ulster report 3,000 Scots and 1,500 English died, was fierce and bloody, Siward's eldest son, Osbjorn and his son-in-law were among the dead.
"Around this time Siward, the mighty earl of Northumbria, almost a giant in stature, very strong mentally and physically, sent his son to conquer Scotland. When they came back and reported to his father that he had been killed in battle, he asked 'Did he receive his fatal wound in the front or the back of his body?' The messengers said 'In the front'. Then he said, 'That makes me very happy, for I consider no other death worthy for me or my son'. Then Siward set out for Scotland, and defeated the king in battle, destroyed the whole realm, and having destroyed it, subjected it to himself" --the Historia Anglorum of Henry of Huntingdon.
The great warrior Earl Siward, reported by contemporaries to be a giant of a man in stature, died not in battle, but much to his disdain, in his bed, of dysentry in 1055, during which he bemoaned the fact that instead of dying in one of the many battles he had fought in, he was forced to die like a cow. He insisted on being dressed in his battle armour, with helmet on his head and axe and shield in hand so he could end his days like a warrior and thus attired went to meet his maker.
'Siward, the stalwart earl, being stricken by dysentery, felt that death was near, and said, "How shameful it is that I, who could not die in so many battles, should have been saved for the ignominious death of a cow! At least clothe me in my impenetrable breastplate, gird me with my sword, place my helmet on my head, my shield in my left hand, my gilded battle-axe in my right, that I, the bravest of soldiers, may die like a soldier." He spoke, and armed as he had requested, he gave up his spirit with honour' The Historia Anglorum, Henry of Huntingdon.
The Vita Ædwardi Regis records that Siward died at York and was buried in "the monastery of St Olaf" at Galmanho, which is confirmed by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, John of Worcester, and the Historia Regum.
One of Siward's sons is known to have survived him, Waltheof, whose mother was Ælfflæd. As Waltheof was at the time of his father's death still a young child, King Edward the Confessor appointed Tostig Godwineson, the unruly brother of Harold Godwineson (the future Harold II) as Earl of Northumbria. Waltheof later however became Earl of Northumbria, destined to become the last of the Anglo-Saxon earls, he joined a rebellion against William the Conqueror, and was betrayed by his wife Judith of Lens and executed in May 1076.
Waltheof's daughter, Maud of Huntingdon married David I, King of the Scots, the son of Malcolm Canmore and through this marriage Siward was to became the ancestor of later Scottish and English monarchs." 		Ælfflaed (I6096)
 
6314 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“JUDITH OF LENS, born about 1054. She married after January 1070 WALTHEOF, Earl of Northumberland, lord of Potton, Bedfordshire, Waltharnstow, Essex, Conington, Leighton Bromswold, Little Catford, and Sawtry, Huntingdonshire, Barnack, East Farndon, Fotheringay, Harringworth, and Lilford, Northamptonshire, etc., son and heir of Siward, Earl of Northumberland, by Ælfflaed, daughter of Earl Ealdred. They had two daughters, Maud [Queen of Scotland] and Alice. He was still young at the death of his father in 1055. He was active against the Norman in the northern counties and especially at York in 1069. In 1070 he made his peace with King William the Conqueror. He occurs as one of the witnesses to King William's charter to Wells dated 1068. He was present at the marriage of Ralph de Wader at Exning, Cambridgeshire, where the guests entered into a conspiracy against the king. In this he was to some slight extent implicated, but acting on the advise of Archbishop Lanfranc, he crossed over to Normandy to the king, and disclosed the matter to him. The conspiracy having been crushed, the king kept Waltheof with him. But he was accused by his wife, Judith, of more than a mere knowledge of the plot. After a year's deliberation, during which he was imprisoned at Winchester, Waltheof was executed at Winchester, Hampshire 31 May 1075 (or 1076). Two weeks afterwards the king allowed his body to be removed to Croyland Abbey, Lincolnshire, where the abbot buried him in the chapterhouse; his remains were subsequently translated into the church near the altar. At an unknown date, Judith was granted the manor of Elstow, Bedfordshire by her uncle, King William the Conqueror. Sometime prior to 1086, she founded a nunnery at Elstow and endowed it with the vill. She was living in 1086, and presumably died about 1090.
Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 159 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1076: "Walthevus Comes decollatus est."). Lysons Environs of London 1(2) (1811): 699-700. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 522-523. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. illus. the Hist. of Scotland 1 (1837): 100-101 xxx (Cronica Canonicorum Beate Marie Huntingdon: "David qui regnavit et duxit Matildam Comitissam Huntingd' neptem Willelmi Regis Anglorum filiam Ivette que fuit filia Lamberti de Louns Comitis."). Col. Top. et Gen. 6 (1840): 261-265. Edwards Liber Monasterii de Hyda (Rolls Ser. 45) (1866): 294-295 (Judith [of Lens], wife of Earl Waltheof, styled "king's kinswoman" [consanguineam regis] [i.e., kinswoman of King William the Conqueror]). Freeman Hist. of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 813-815 (re. connection of Earl Waltheof with conspiracy of Ralph). Remarks & Colls. of Thomas Hearne 3 (Oxford Hist. Soc.) (1889): 104 (ped. chart). Searle Ingulf & the Historia Croylandensis (1894): 104-110 (biog. of Earl Waltheof, the martyr). Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 8 (1901): 525-526. Rutland Mag. & County Hist. Rec. 3 (1908): 97-106, 129-137. VCH Bedford 2 (1908): 237-242; 3 (1912): 280-281, 296-305. Pubs. of Bedfordshire Hist. Rec. Soc. 9 (1925): 23-34. VCH Northampton 3 (1930): 227-231. VCH Huntingdon 3 (1936): 86-92, 144-151, 203-212. Arch. Aeliana 30 (1952): 200-201. Giles Vita et Passio Waldevi comitis in Original Lives of Anglo-Saxons and others who lived before the Conquest (Caxton Soc. 16) (1954): 1-30. Offler Durham Episcopal Charters 1071-1152 (1968): 2, 5, 6, 16n, 27, 30-31, 39-47. VCH Essex 6 (1973): 253-263. VCH Cambridge 6 (1978): 177-182. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XI.227, XII.398-XII.399. Schwennicke Europaische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 621 (sub Boulogne). Bower Scotichronicon 3 (1995): 64-65 & 126-127 (instances of Judith, wife of Earl Waltheof, styled "niece" [neptis] of King William the Conqueror). Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigny 2 (1995): 270-273 (Deeds of the Norman Dukes: "Waltheof had three daughters by his wife [Judith], a daughter of the countess of Aumâle, who was a uterine sister of William the elder, king of the English. Simon de Senlis married another of Earl Waltheof’s daughters and received with her the earldom of Huntingdon. He had by her a son called Simon. After the death of Earl Simon, David, brother of secundae Maud, queen of the English, married his widow, by whom he had one son. After the death of his brothers Duncan and Alexander, kings of Scots, he became king. Another of Waltheof’s daughters, Judith [recte Alice], married Rodolf de Toeny, as we have already mentioned. The third daughter [recte granddaughter] was married by Robert Fitz Richard, as we have also mentioned above."). William The English & the Norman Conquest (1995). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 290 (chart).
Children of Judith of Lens, by Waltheof of Northumberland:
i. MAUD OF NORTHUMBERLAND [see next].
ii. ALICE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, married RALPH DE TONY, of Flamstead, Hertfordshire [see TONY 3].”

2. Website "English Monarchs" http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/vikings_18.html accessed 1 Sep 2019:
"Siward Earl of Northumbria, d. 1055
The larger than life figure of Siward, earl of Northumbria first appears on the pages of history in the year 1033, when he stood as a witness in a charter by King Canute for Archbishop Ælfric of York.
Siward is generally considered to be of Danish stock, the 'Vita Ædwardi Regis', which was compiled by an anonymous author circa 1067 and commissioned by Queen Edith, the widow of King Edward the Confessor, records that Siward's nickname was 'Digri', or 'Digara', deriving from the Danish Diger meaning 'the Stout', or 'the Strong'. The biography of Siward's son Waltheof, states that Siward was the son of a Scandinavian earl named Bjorn. A legend preserved in the twelfth century claims that Bjorn was descended from the union of a lady and a white bear.
Siward grew to be powerful figure in the north of England during the reign of King Canute the Great, a formidable Viking warrior who conquered England and made himself king in the first decade of the eleventh century. Siward was one of many Danes who arrived in England in the wake of Canute's conquest of the country, although the date and context of his arrival in England are not known.
He succeeded Erik of Hlathir, earl of Northumbria, as ruler of southern Northumbria between 1023 and 1033. Siward then entrenched his position in northern England by marrying Ælfflæd, the daughter of Ealdred, Earl of Bamburgh and granddaughter of Uhtred the Bold. After slaying Ealdred's successor Eadulf in 1041, Siward acquired control of all of Northumbria. He was delegated authority in England by the king while Canute was otherwise occupied in his Scandinavian territories.
On the death of Canute in 1035, the throne was siezed by his illegitimate son Harold Harefoot. Canute's legitimate son Hardicanute was in Denmark at the time of his father's death, his involvement in a war against King Magnus I of Norway resulted in his not being able to secure his claim to the throne of England. As Hardicanute was preparing an invasion of England, Harold died in 1040 and was succeeded by his brother. Hardicanute's first act on arriving in his new kingdom, was to have his half-brother Harold's body disinterred, beheaded and slung into a marsh, causing outrage amongst churchmen. Siward appears as 'Sywardus Comes' in 1038, as witness to a charter of King Hardicanute to the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds. He further witnessed a confirmation granted by Harthacnut to Fécamp Abbey, between 1040 and 1042. Hardicanute reigned in England for but two years dying in 1042, like his half-brother, he met his end in the throes of a fit, incurred during a riotous drinking bout at Clapham.
Hardicanute was succeeded by Saxon half-brother Edward the Confessor. Siward was to become one of the Confessor's most powerful supporters. On 16 November 1043, Siward, Godwine Earl of Wessex and Leofric Earl of Mercia, aided the king against his mother, Emma of Normandy.
Edward's attitude to Emma was cold and reserved. He resented her second marriage to his father's rival, King Canute, and Emma's preference for her children by Canute over himself and his brother, Alfred. Edward complained that his mother had "done less for him than he wanted before he became king, and also afterwards". He confiscated her considerable wealth and then went on to accuse his mother of treason, it was claimed that Emma had incited King Magnus of Norway to attack England.
Along with Earl Leofric and Ralph the Timid, Earl of Hereford, Siward assisted the king to combat a rebellion by the powerful Earl Godwine and his sons in 1051 which resulted in the exile of Godwine. Godwine returned to England in 1052. Siward further extended his influence in the south, bringing the shire of Northampton under his control in the 1040s and Huntingdon in the 1050s.
In 1039 or 1040, the Scottish king Duncan I invaded Northumbria and lay siege to the town of Durham. Within a year, he was killed by King Macbeth, who after defeating him in battle, succeeded to the throne of Scotland. The elder of Duncan's sons, Malcolm, enlisted the aid of Edward the Confessor. The twelfth century Annals of Lindisfarne and Durham, record that in the year 1046 -
Earl Siward with a great army came to Scotland, and expelled king Mac Bethad, and appointed another; but after his departure Mac Bethad recovered his kingdom'
Siward met Macbeth in battle to the north of the Firth of Forth, the battle is variously referred to as the "Battle of the Seven Sleepers" or the "Battle of Dunsinane", although the earliest reference to Dunsinane as the location occurs in the early fifteenth century by Andrew of Wyntoun. The earliest contemporary English account of the battle is recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. The battle, in which the Annals of Ulster report 3,000 Scots and 1,500 English died, was fierce and bloody, Siward's eldest son, Osbjorn and his son-in-law were among the dead.
"Around this time Siward, the mighty earl of Northumbria, almost a giant in stature, very strong mentally and physically, sent his son to conquer Scotland. When they came back and reported to his father that he had been killed in battle, he asked 'Did he receive his fatal wound in the front or the back of his body?' The messengers said 'In the front'. Then he said, 'That makes me very happy, for I consider no other death worthy for me or my son'. Then Siward set out for Scotland, and defeated the king in battle, destroyed the whole realm, and having destroyed it, subjected it to himself" --the Historia Anglorum of Henry of Huntingdon.
The great warrior Earl Siward, reported by contemporaries to be a giant of a man in stature, died not in battle, but much to his disdain, in his bed, of dysentry in 1055, during which he bemoaned the fact that instead of dying in one of the many battles he had fought in, he was forced to die like a cow. He insisted on being dressed in his battle armour, with helmet on his head and axe and shield in hand so he could end his days like a warrior and thus attired went to meet his maker.
'Siward, the stalwart earl, being stricken by dysentery, felt that death was near, and said, "How shameful it is that I, who could not die in so many battles, should have been saved for the ignominious death of a cow! At least clothe me in my impenetrable breastplate, gird me with my sword, place my helmet on my head, my shield in my left hand, my gilded battle-axe in my right, that I, the bravest of soldiers, may die like a soldier." He spoke, and armed as he had requested, he gave up his spirit with honour' The Historia Anglorum, Henry of Huntingdon.
The Vita Ædwardi Regis records that Siward died at York and was buried in "the monastery of St Olaf" at Galmanho, which is confirmed by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, John of Worcester, and the Historia Regum.
One of Siward's sons is known to have survived him, Waltheof, whose mother was Ælfflæd. As Waltheof was at the time of his father's death still a young child, King Edward the Confessor appointed Tostig Godwineson, the unruly brother of Harold Godwineson (the future Harold II) as Earl of Northumbria. Waltheof later however became Earl of Northumbria, destined to become the last of the Anglo-Saxon earls, he joined a rebellion against William the Conqueror, and was betrayed by his wife Judith of Lens and executed in May 1076.
Waltheof's daughter, Maud of Huntingdon married David I, King of the Scots, the son of Malcolm Canmore and through this marriage Siward was to became the ancestor of later Scottish and English monarchs."

3. Wikipedia accessed 1 Sep 2019:
"Siward (/ˈsuːwərd/ or more recently /ˈsiːwərd/[1]) or Sigurd (Old English: Sigeweard, Old Norse: Sigurðr digri[2]) was an important earl of 11th-century northern England. The Old Norse nickname Digri and its Latin translation Grossus ("the stout") are given to him by near-contemporary texts.[3] Siward was probably of Scandinavian origin, perhaps a relative of Earl Ulf, and emerged as a powerful regional strongman in England during the reign of Cnut ("Canute the Great", 1016–1035). Cnut was a Scandinavian ruler who conquered England in the 1010s, and Siward was one of the many Scandinavians who came to England in the aftermath of that conquest. Siward subsequently rose to become sub-ruler of most of northern England. From 1033 at the latest Siward was in control of southern Northumbria, that is, present-day Yorkshire, governing as earl on Cnut's behalf.
He entrenched his position in northern England by marrying Ælfflæd, the daughter of Ealdred, Earl of Bamburgh. After killing Ealdred's successor Eadulf in 1041, Siward gained control of all Northumbria. He exerted his power in support of Cnut's successors, kings Harthacnut and Edward, assisting them with vital military aid and counsel. He probably gained control of the middle shires of Northampton and Huntingdon by the 1050s, and there is some evidence that he spread Northumbrian control into Cumberland. In the early 1050s Earl Siward turned against the Scottish king Mac Bethad mac Findlaích ("Macbeth"). Despite the death of his son Osbjorn, Siward defeated Mac Bethad in battle in 1054. More than half a millennium later the adventure in Scotland earned him a place in William Shakespeare's Macbeth. Siward died in 1055, leaving one son, Waltheof, who would eventually succeed to Northumbria. St Olave's church in York and nearby Heslington Hill are associated with Siward.
Sources
Source material on Siward's life and career is scarce, and only a small and potentially unrepresentative amount of information exists. No contemporary or near-contemporary biography has survived, and narratives from around the time of his life such as the Encomium Emmae and the Vita Ædwardi Regis scarcely mention him; historians are therefore dependent on a few entries in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and comparable Irish sources. Later Anglo-Norman histories may or may not be reliable depending on their source material, but useful ones include the Chronicle of John of Worcester (compiled between 1124 and 1140),[4] William of Malmesbury (writing between c. 1125 and 1142),[5] Henry of Huntingdon (writing between c. 1133 and 1154),[6] and Orderic Vitalis (writing between c. 1114 and 1141).[7] Other sources[8] include the material attributed to Symeon of Durham (compiled and written as extant between the late 11th century and the first half of the 12th century).[9] Legendary material, such as that in hagiography or later medieval sources such as John of Fordun or Andrew of Wyntoun, is not generally regarded as useful beyond its limited potential for cleanly preserving earlier source material.[10]
Background
Siward's career in northern England spanned the reigns of four different monarchs. It began during the reign of Cnut, and lasted through those of Harold Harefoot and Harthacnut into the early years of Edward the Confessor. Most important was the reign of Cnut, in which so many new political figures rose to power that some historians think it comparable to the Norman conquest five decades later.[11] These "new men" were military figures, usually with weak hereditary links to the West Saxon royal house that Cnut had deposed.[11] As Cnut ruled several Scandinavian kingdoms in addition to England, power at the highest level was delegated to such strongmen.[12] In England, it fell to a handful of newly promoted "ealdormen" or "earls", who ruled a shire or group of shires on behalf of the king.[13] Siward was, in the words of historian Robin Fleming, "the third man in Cnut's new triumvirate of earls",[14] the other two being Godwine, Earl of Wessex and Leofwine, Earl of Mercia.[14]
Northern England in the 11th-century was a region quite distinct from the rest of the country. The former kingdom of Northumbria stretched from the Humber and Mersey estuaries, northward to the Firth of Forth, where, passing the western Kingdom of Strathclyde, it met the Kingdom of Alba (Scotland).[15] Northumbria had been united with the West Saxon English kingdom only in the 950s, by King Eadred, and subsequent control was exerted through the agency of at least two ealdormen, one to the north and one to the south of the River Tees.[16] The former is associated with the stronghold of Bamburgh, while the latter is associated with the great Roman city of York.[17] It was a politically fragmented region. The western part, from Lancashire to Cumberland, was heavily settled by Norse-Gaels, while in the rest of Northumbria English and Anglo-Scandinavian regional magnates—thegns, holds and high-reeves—exercised a considerable degree of independence from the ealdormen.[18] One such example was the magnate Thurbrand, a hold in Yorkshire, probably based in Holderness, whose family were frequently at odds with the ruling earls at Bamburgh.[19]
Ancestry
"The Stories of the ancients tell us that Ursus (a certain nobleman whom the Lord, contrary to what normally happens in human procreation, allowed to be created from a white bear as a father and a noblewoman as a mother), begot Spratlingus; Spratlingus begot Ulfius; and Ulfius begot Beorn, who was nicknamed Beresune, that is, "Bear's Son". This Beorn was Danish by race, a distinguished earl and famous soldier. As a sign, however, that due to part of his ancestry he was of a different species, nature had given him the ears of his father's line, namely those of a bear. In all other features he was of his mother's appearance. And after many manly deeds and military adventures, he begot a son, a tried imitator of his father's strength and military skill. His name was Siward, nicknamed Diere, that is, the Stout (grossus)". — A description of Siward's ancestry and his father Beorn, taken from the Vita Waldevi, a saint's life dedicated to Siward's son Waltheof.[20]
Historians generally claim Siward to be of Scandinavian origin, a conclusion supported by the Vita Ædwardi Regis, which states that Siward was "[called] Digri in the Danish tongue" (Danica lingua Digara).[21] Legendary material incorporated in the Vita et passio Waldevi comitis (or simply Vita Waldevi), the hagiographic biography of Siward's son Waltheof, states that Siward was the son of a Scandinavian earl named Bjorn and provides a genealogy claiming that he was the descendant of a polar bear,[20] a commonplace piece of Germanic folklore.[22]
Historian Timothy Bolton has recently argued that the similarities between these genealogies is evidence of a shared family tradition between the descendants of Siward and Thorgil Sprakling. Bolton hypothesized that Siward's alleged father Bjorn was probably a historical figure, a brother of Thorgil Sprakling. Siward would then have been first cousin to Earl Ulf, the earl of Denmark who married Cnut's sister Estrith and founded the dynasty of Danish monarchs that eventually succeeded Cnut's.[23] Bolton argued that the Sprakling family had only recently risen to prominence in Scandinavia, and so Siward's career in England was another indication of that family's success in Scandinavian politics.[24]
The Vita Waldevi provides further legendary detail of Siward's journey from Scandinavia to England. According to the Vita, Siward passed through Orkney, killing a dragon there before moving on to Northumbria. There he encountered another dragon, before meeting an Oðinn-like old man on a hill,[25] who handed him a raven banner and instructed him to proceed to London to receive the patronage of the king of England.[26]
Career under Cnut, Harold and Harthacnut
"[A]fter a short conversation the king took him [Siward] into his service, and promised him the first position of dignity which became vacant in his realm. After that Siward said farewell, and he and his men took the way back to London. On the bridge not far from the monastery [Westminster] he met the Earl of Huntingdon, Tosti, a Dane by birth; the king hated him because he had married Earl Godwine's daughter, sister to the queen. The earl crossed the foot-bridge so near Siward that he soiled his mantle with his dirty feet; for at that time it was fashionable to wear a mantle without any cord by which to hold it up. Then blood rushed to his heart; yet he checked himself from taking revenge on the spot, because the shame was inflicted upon him by one who was on his way to the king's hall. But he remained standing with his men by the same bridge until Tosti came from the king; then he drew his sword and hacked off Tosti's head, and went with it under his mantle back to the king's hall. Here he asked, according to his promise, to give him the earldom of Huntingdon. But as the earl had just left him, the king thought he was only joking. Then Siward related his deed, and, as sure proof, cast the head down before the king's feet. The king then kept his promise, and proclaimed him at once earl of Huntingdon ... A few days later, the Northmen began to attack the realm. The king then was in a state of uncertainty, and deliberated with the great men of his realm as to what means should be adopted; and they made over with one voice Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmoreland to Earl Siward, and the king invested him with earldom over them". — A saga-like description of Siward's accession to power in England, taken from the Vita Waldevi[27]
The exact date and context of Siward's arrival in England are unknown, though the Vita Waldevi offers a legendary account.[28] Charters dating to 1019, 1024, 1032, 1033 and 1035 mention a Si[ge]ward Minister, "the thegn Siward", but it is impossible to securely identify any of these names with the man who became Earl of Northumbria.[29] The earliest certain contemporary record of Siward occurs in a charter of King Cnut to Ælfric Puttoc, Archbishop of York, in 1033.[30] This charter attestation can be identified as Siward the earl because he is styled dux ("earl").[30]
Although it is clear that Siward was earl by 1033, he may have attained the position somewhat earlier. His predecessor Erik of Hlathir last appeared in the historical sources in 1023, leaving a ten-year gap during which Siward could have taken the position.[31] Although William of Malmesbury asserted that Erik was driven back to Scandinavia, Scandinavian tradition firmly maintained he died in England.[32] Historian William Kapelle believed that Erik ceased to be earl in or soon after 1023, and that Carl son of Thurbrand was appointed hold or high-reeve (heahgerefa) for the king in Yorkshire. Carl retained this position, it was argued, even after Siward was installed as earl a few years later, but from then on he acted as a deputy to the earl rather than to the king.[33] Richard Fletcher remained agnostic on the point, although he did argue that Erik must have been dead by 1028.[34] Timothy Bolton, although rejecting Kapelle's argument concerning Carl son of Thurbrand, believed Erik died c. 1023 and that the earldom may have remained vacant for a period.[35] Bolton argued that Cnut left the earldom of Northumbria empty and appears to have paid it little attention until the last years of his reign, and another northerner Ealdred son of Uhtred rose to power in the political vacuum.[36]
When Cnut died in 1035, there were a number of rival claimants for his throne. These included his son Harthacnut, and the nobleman Harold Harefoot, as well as Alfred Ætheling and Edward (later, King Edward the Confessor), the exiled sons of Æthelred the Unready. Isolated in Scandinavia, Harthacnut was unable to prevent Harold Harefoot seizing the crown for himself. Ruling England from 1035, Harold died in 1040 just as Harthacnut was preparing an invasion.[37] Arriving soon after Harold's death, Harthacnut reigned in England only two years before his own death in 1042, a death that led to the peaceful succession of Edward.[38] Frank Barlow speculated on Siward's political stance, guessing that during these upheavals Siward assumed "a position of benevolent or prudent neutrality".[39]
Siward is found in 1038, as Sywardus Comes ("Earl Siward"), witnessing a charter of King Harthacnut to the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds.[40] He witnessed a confirmation granted by Harthacnut to Fécamp Abbey, between 1040 and 1042, of an earlier grant made by Cnut.[41] In 1042, he witnessed grants by Harthacnut to Abingdon Abbey and to Ælfwine, Bishop of Winchester.[42]
Siward was, at some stage, married to Ælfflæd, daughter of Ealdred II of Bamburgh, and granddaughter of Uhtred the Bold.[43] The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle asserts that, in 1041 Eadulf, Earl of Bamburgh, was "betrayed" by King Harthacnut.[44] The "betrayal" seems to have been carried out by Siward; since when the Libellus de Exordio and other sources write about the same event, they say that Siward attacked and killed Eadulf.[45] It was thus that Siward became earl of all Northumbria, perhaps the first person to do so since Uhtred the Bold. It is possible that Siward used Ælfflæd's lineage to claim the earldom of Bamburgh for himself, although it is unclear whether the marriage took place before or after Siward killed Eadulf.[46] Kapelle has pointed out that no ruler of Bamburgh after Uhtred is attested at the English royal court, which he argued "must mean they were in revolt" against the monarchy, and that Siward's attack may therefore have been encouraged by a monarch wishing to crush a rebellious or disloyal vassal.[47] Siward however probably had his own interests too. Killing Eadulf eliminated his main rival in the north, and the marriage associated him with the family of Uhtred the Bold, and with Uhtred's surviving son Gospatric.[48]
There may nonetheless be a connection between the murder of Eadulf and events further south. For the same year the Chronicle of John of Worcester related that, because of an attack on two of Harthacnut's tax-collectors there, Siward took part in a reprisal on the city and monastery of Worcester.[49] Harthacnut reigned only another year, dying on 8 June 1042.[38] He was succeeded by the exiled English ætheling Edward. As an ætheling, a royal prince with a present or likely future claim on the throne, Edward appears to have been invited back by Harthacnut in 1041, fortuitously smoothing over the coming change in ruler.[50] Edward was crowned king on Easter Day, 3 April 1043.[51]
English affairs under Edward the Confessor
Relations between Siward and King Edward appear to have been good. Neither Siward nor any associates of Siward were punished by Edward in later years.[52] In fact, Siward appears to have been one of Edward's most powerful supporters. On 16 November 1043, Siward, along with Earls Godwine of Wessex and Leofric of Mercia, marched with King Edward against his mother, Queen Emma, helping the king to deprive the queen of her huge treasury.[53] Edward then accused Emma of treason and deposed Stigand, Bishop of Elmham, from his position "because he was closest to his mother's counsel".[54]
The Norman propagandist and historian, William of Poitiers, claimed that Siward was among those who had sworn an oath to uphold Edward the Confessor's alleged declaration that William, Duke of Normandy (later King William I), was to be his heir.[55] Others said to have made that oath were Earls Godwine of Wessex and Leofric of Mercia, along with Stigand, who had been pardoned in 1044, and raised to Bishop of Winchester in 1047.[56] If this did happen, it was probably during or a little before spring 1051, when Robert, Archbishop of Canterbury, was journeying to Rome for his pallium.[57]
In 1051 Siward, along with Earls Leofric and Ralph the Timid, mobilised forces in defence of the king against a rebellion by Earl Godwine and his sons.[58] The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle relates that although Siward had to call up reinforcements, King Edward was successful and Earl Godwine was temporarily exiled.[59] Earl Godwine remained a threat in exile, and the continued "belligerent support" of Siward and Leofric was thus vital to King Edward's safety.[60] It was apparently, however, the reluctance of these two earls to fight Earl Godwine that contributed to Godwine's re-establishment in England in 1052.[61]
There is evidence to suggest that Siward extended his power southward, bringing the shire of Northampton into his control in the 1040s and the shire of Huntingdon in the 1050s.[62] The evidence comes from royal writs addressed to Siward as earl in these shires.[63] Siward's predecessors as earl in these areas were other Scandinavians, Thuri and Bjorn son of Earl Ulf; the former was styled "earl of the Midlanders" (comes mediterraneorum), showing that this earldom represented the earlier polity of the Middle Angles of Mercia.[64] It was this area, rather than Northumbria, to which Siward's descendants were most attached.[65]
Likewise, it has been argued that Siward brought Cumberland, thought by some historians to have been lost to Strathclyde, back under Northumbrian lordship.[66] The evidence comes from a document known to historians as "Gospatric's Writ".[67] This is a written instruction, issued either by the future Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria,[68] or Gospatric, son of Earl Uhtred,[69] that was addressed to all Gospatric's kindred and to the notables dwelling in the "all the lands that were Cumbrian" (on eallun þam landann þeo Cōmbres); it ordered that one Thorfinn mac Thore be free in all things (þ Thorfynn mac Thore beo swa freo in eallan ðynges) in Allerdale, and that no man is to break the peace which was given by Gospatric and Earl Siward.[70] Historians such as Charles Phythian-Adams believed that such phraseology indicated that Siward conquered the region from its previous rulers,[71] although others, like William Kapelle, believed that the region had come, were it ever lost, back into English power before Siward's time.[72]
A little can be said about Siward's relations with the Northumbrian church, in particular with regard to his relations with Durham. As a result of Siward's marriage to Ælfflæd, Siward gained possession of a group of estates in Teesside claimed by the bishops of Durham.[73] Acquisition of these estates might have brought opposition from the Bishop of Durham, but Æthelric the incumbent had been expelled by the clergy of Durham in either 1045 or 1046 and, according to the Libellus de Exordio, only returned by bribing Siward.[74] According to the Libellus, the clergy were "terrified and overwhelmed by the fearful power of the earl" and "were compelled willy nilly to be reconciled to the bishop, and to admit him into his episcopal see".[75] Despite this, Siward escaped censure in the writings of later Durham monks, something which suggests relations between Siward and Durham were probably good in general.[76]
Siward can be found witnessing numerous charters during Edward's reign, though not as many as the Godwinsons; Siward usually comes third in lists of earls, behind Godwine and Leofric but ahead of Godwine's sons and the other earls.[77] He witnessed at least seven, possibly nine, extant charters in 1044, six or seven in 1045, two in 1046, one in 1048 and one in 1049.[78] A Dux ("earl") named Sihroþ and Sihroð witnessed two charters in 1050, and this may be Siward.[79] There is another attestation in 1050, and his name appears in two dubious witness lists attached to charters dating to 1052 and 1054.[80] Possibly Siward's last historical appearance in English legal documents is in the agreement made—probably at Lincoln—between Wulfwig, Bishop of Dorchester, and Earl Leofric, dating to between 1053 and 1055.[81]
Expedition against the Scots
"Around this time Siward, the mighty earl of Northumbria, almost a giant in stature, very strong mentally and physically, sent his son to conquer Scotland. When they came back and reported to his father that he had been killed in battle, he asked 'Did he receive his fatal wound in the front or the back of his body?' The messengers said 'In the front'. Then he said, 'That makes me very happy, for I consider no other death worthy for me or my son'. Then Siward set out for Scotland, and defeated the king in battle, destroyed the whole realm, and having destroyed it, subjected it to himself".[82] — A description of Osbjorn's death and Siward's reaction, taken from the Historia Anglorum of Henry of Huntingdon[20]
Siward is perhaps most famous for his expedition in 1054 against Macbeth, King of Scotland, an expedition that cost Siward his eldest son, Osbjorn. The origin of Siward's conflict with the Scots is unclear. According to the Libellus de Exordio, in 1039 or 1040, the Scottish king Donnchad mac Crínáin attacked northern Northumbria and besieged Durham.[83] Within a year, Mac Bethad had deposed and killed Donnchad.[84] The failed siege occurred a year before Siward attacked and killed Earl Eadulf of Bamburgh, and though no connection between the two events is clear it is likely that they were linked.[85]
The Annals of Lindisfarne and Durham, written in the early 12th century, relate under the year 1046 that "Earl Siward with a great army came to Scotland, and expelled king Mac Bethad, and appointed another; but after his departure Mac Bethad recovered his kingdom".[86] Historian William Kapelle thought that this was a genuine event of the 1040s, related to the Annals of Tigernach entry for 1045 that reported a "battle between the Scots" which led to the death of Crínán of Dunkeld, Donnchad's father; Kapelle thought that Siward had tried to place Crínán's son and Donnchad's brother Maldred on the Scottish throne.[87] Another historian, Alex Woolf, argued that the Annals of Lindisfarne and Durham entry was probably referring to the invasion of Siward in 1054, but misplaced under 1046.[88]
During the invasion of 1054, a battle was fought somewhere in Scotland north of the Firth of Forth, a battle known variously as the "Battle of the Seven Sleepers" or the "Battle of Dunsinane".[89] The tradition that the battle actually took place at Dunsinane has its origins in later medieval legend. The earliest mention of Dunsinane as the location of the battle is in the early 15th century by Andrew of Wyntoun.[90]
The earliest contemporary English account of the battle is found in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, recension D:
"Her ferde Siward eolr mid miclum here on Scotland, ægðer ge mid scyphere 7 mid landfyrde, 7 feaht wið Scottas, 7 aflymde þone kyng Macbeoðen, 7 ofsloh eall þæt þær betst wæs on þam lande, 7 lædde þonan micele herehuðe swilce nan man ær ne begeat, ac his sunu Osbarn, 7 his sweostor suna Sihward, 7 of his huscarlum 7 eac þæs cynges wurdon þær ofslægene on þone dæg Septem Dormientium." [Translation:] At this time earl Siward went with a great army into Scotland, with both fleet and a land-force; and fought against the Scots, and put to flight the king Mac Bethad, and slew all that were best in the land, and brought thence much war-spoil, such as no man obtained before; And there were slain his son Osbjorn, and his sister's son Siward, and some of his housecarls, and also of the king's, on the day of the Seven Sleepers (27 July). [91]
John of Worcester, using a related version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, adds that Normans named Osbern Pentecost and Hugh, who had joined Mac Bethad earlier after fleeing from England, were killed in the battle.[92] The battle is mentioned in the Irish annals too, briefly in the Annals of Tigernach and more extensively in the Annals of Ulster:
"Cath eter firu Alban & Saxanu i torchradur tri mile do Feraib Alban & mile co leth do Shaxanaib im Dolfinn m. Finntuir. [Translation:] A battle [was fought] between the men of Scotland and the English; and in it fell three thousand of the men of Scotland, and one thousand five hundred of the English, including Dolfin, Finntur's son; [93]
Dolfin is unidentified, but may have been a relation of Mac Bethad's enemy Crínán of Dunkeld, on the basis that some of Crínán's descendants may have borne this name.[94]
The purpose of Siward's invasion is unclear, but it may be related to the identity of the "Máel Coluim" (Malcolm) mentioned in the sources. The early 12th-century chronicle attributed to John of Worcester, probably using an earlier source, wrote that Siward defeated Mac Bethad and made "Máel Coluim, son of the king of the Cumbrians" a king (Malcolmum, regis Cumbrorum filium, ut rex jusserat, regem constituit).[95] The identity of Máel Coluim and the reasons for Siward's help are controversial. The traditional historical interpretation was that "Máel Coluim" is Máel Coluim mac Donnchada, known sometimes today as Malcolm III or Malcolm Canmore, and that Siward was attempting to oust Mac Bethad in his favour.[96]
The traditional historical interpretation that "Máel Coluim" is Máel Coluim mac Donnchada derives from the Chronicle attributed to the 14th-century chronicler of Scotland, John of Fordun, as well as from earlier sources such as William of Malmesbury.[97] The latter reported that Mac Bethad was killed in the battle by Siward, but it is known that Mac Bethad outlived Siward by two years.[98] A. A. M. Duncan argued in 2002 that, using the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle entry as their source, later writers innocently misidentified Máel Coluim "son of the king of the Cumbrians" with the later Scottish king of the same name.[99] Duncan's argument has been supported by several subsequent historians specialising in the era, such as Richard Oram, Dauvit Broun and Alex Woolf.[100] It has also been suggested that Máel Coluim may have been a son of the Strathclyde British king Owain Foel,[101] perhaps by a daughter of Máel Coluim II, King of Scotland.[102]
Duncan in fact believes that the Battle of the Seven Sleepers did not lead directly to a change of leadership in the Kingdom of Scotland.[103] It has been suggested that the chief consequence of Siward's expedition was not the overthrow of Mac Bethad, but the transfer of British territory—perhaps previously lying under Scottish suzerainty—to Northumbrian overlordship. Alex Woolf has posited that, in such a context, Máel Coluim might have been a discontented Cumbrian prince who had been forced to "put himself under English protection".[104] Evidence for Northumbrian control of Strathclyde in this period includes 11th-century Northumbrian masonry found at the site of Glasgow Cathedral as well as early 12th-century claims from the archbishopric of York that Archbishop Cynesige (1051–1060) had consecrated two Bishops of Glasgow.[105]
Death and legacy
"Siward, the stalwart earl, being stricken by dysentery, felt that death was near, and said, "How shameful it is that I, who could not die in so many battles, should have been saved for the ignominious death of a cow! At least clothe me in my impenetrable breastplate, gird me with my sword, place my helmet on my head, my shield in my left hand, my gilded battle-axe in my right, that I, the bravest of soldiers, may die like a soldier." He spoke, and armed as he had requested, he gave up his spirit with honour". — A description of Siward's death, taken from the Historia Anglorum of Henry of Huntingdon.[106]
The 12th-century historian, Henry of Huntingdon, in his Historia Anglorum, relates that when Siward was attacked by dysentery, fearing to die "like a cow" and wishing rather to die like a soldier, he clothed himself in armour and took to hand an axe and shield. Ennobled in such a manner, Siward died.[106] This anecdote is of doubtful historicity, and is thought to be derived from the saga devoted to Earl Siward, now lost.[107] The Vita Ædwardi Regis states that Siward died at York and was buried in "the monastery of St Olaf" at Galmanho, a claim confirmed by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, John of Worcester, and the Historia Regum.[108]
Material incorporated in two surviving sources is thought by some to attest to the existence of a lost saga or some other kind of literary tradition concerning Siward's life. The first source is the Vita et Passio Waldevi, a hagiographic history of Siward's cult-inspiring son Waltheof. This text contains an account of Waltheof's paternal origin, and in the process recounts certain adventures of his father Siward. The second major witness of the tradition is Henry of Huntingdon's Historia Anglorum, which contains extracts of saga-like material relating to Siward's invasion of Scotland (1054) and his death (1055).[109] The Anglo-Saxonist Frank Stenton declared that Siward was "not a statesman, but a Danish warrior of the primitive type".[110] Writers in the half-century after his death remembered Siward as a strong ruler who brought peace and suppressed brigandage.[111]
Siward died more than a decade before the death of Edward the Confessor, but despite this the Domesday Book recorded 4 manors, 3 in Yorkshire and 1 in Derbyshire, owned directly by Earl Siward in 1066, all of them subsequently held by Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester.[112] This land was stated to have been worth £212, while his son Waltheof was said to have held £136 worth of land across 9 counties.[113] Domesday records give an incomplete picture of Siward's holdings. In total it recorded property worth £348 for Siward and his son, which on its own would compare poorly with the £2493 in value recorded to have been held by the family of the earls of Mercia.[114] Of the latter, however, Morcar of Mercia, Earl of Northumbria on the day of King Edward's death, possessed land worth £968, while Tostig, exiled earl at the time, had land worth £491; both may have come into possession of some of Siward's land in the course of becoming Earls of Northumbria.[115] Moreover, the counties that would become Durham, Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland were largely omitted from the survey, while, besides being only very poorly documented, the lands in Yorkshire had been severely devastated and devalued during the Harrying of the North.[116]
Siward is said to have built a church dedicated to St Olaf at Galmanho, York.[108] The record of his burial in this church is the only notice of a non-royal lay burial inside a church in pre-Norman England.[117] Siward's Howe, i.e., Heslington Hill near York, was most likely named after Earl Siward, although probably because Siward held popular courts there rather than because it was his burial place.[118]
One of Siward's sons is known to have survived him, Waltheof, whose mother was Ælfflæd. Waltheof later rose to be an earl in the East Midlands before becoming Earl of Northumbria.[119] When Waltheof rebelled against William the Conqueror, however, the act led to his execution and to his subsequent veneration as a saint at Crowland Abbey.[120] Waltheof's daughter married David I, King of the Scots, and through this connection Siward became one of the many ancestors of the later Scottish and British monarchs.[119]
Besides Ælfflæd, Siward is known to have been married to a woman named Godgifu, who died before Siward. The marriage is known from a grant she made of territory around Stamford, Lincolnshire, to Peterborough Abbey.[43] Although no surviving children are attested, and no source states the name of Osbjorn's mother, this marriage has nonetheless raised the possibility that Waltheof and Osbjorn were born to different mothers, and William Kapelle suggested that Siward may have originally intended Osbjorn to inherit his southern territories while Waltheof inherited those territories in the north associated with the family of his mother Ælfflæd.[121]
Notes
1. Dale F. Coye (2014-05-12). Pronouncing Shakespeare's Words: A Guide from A to Zounds. ISBN 9781135929817.
2. The English name Siward or Sigeweard was cognate to the single Old Norse name written variously as Sigvarðr and Sigurðr; see Holman, Northern Conquest, p. 103; Munch (ed.), Chronica regum Manniae et Insularum, vol. i, p. 140; Stevenson, Simeon of Durham, p. 119. He was known in Latin as Siwardus.
3. Barlow (ed.), Life of King Edward, p. 35 (= Vita Ædwardi, i. 3); Aird, "Siward"; see also reference in on the Vita Waldevi below
4. Gransden, Historical Writing, p. 144
5. Thomson, "Malmesbury, William of"
6. Gransden, Historical Writing, p. 194
7. Gransden, Historical Writing, p. 152
8. For source discussion in this period, see Lawson, Cnut, pp. 39–80 and Gransden, Historical Writing, passim; for particular relevant analysis, see sources used by Duncan, Kingship, pp. 33–43 and Woolf, Pictland to Alba, pp. 248–71
9. The texts in question are the Historia Regum, the Libellus de exordio, De primo Saxonum adventu and De obsessione Dunelmi; the Libellus de exordio is likely to have been "authored" by Symeon; see Rollason, Symeon of Durham, pp. xlii–l, lxxvii–xci, et passim, for a recent discussion
10. Duncan, Kingship, passim; Broun, Scottish Independence, passim
11. E.g. Fleming, Kings and Lords, pp. 21–52
12. Lawson, Cnut, pp. 81–102; Sawyer, ""Cnut's Scandinavian empire", pp. 10–22
13. See, for a list and discussion of Cnut's earls, Keynes, "Cnut's earls", pp. 43–88; the term was, by Cnut's reign, interchangeable with the Scandinavian word earl, which supplanted the former by the end of the 11th-century (Crouch, Image of the Aristocracy, pp. 46–50)
14. Fleming, Kings and Lords, p. 49
15. Lewis, "Introduction", p. 6; Woolf, Pictland to Alba, pp. 232–40
16. Rollason, Northumbria, pp. 65–66; Woolf, Pictland to Alba, pp. 190, 211
17. Fletcher, Bloodfeud, passim; Kapelle, Norman Conquest, passim
18. Bolton, Empire of Cnut, pp. 109–18
19, Bolton, Empire of Cnut, pp. 114–17 Fletcher, Bloodfeud, passim
20. Michel, Chroniques Anglo-Normandes, vol. ii, p. 104 (in Latin); Rauer, Beowulf and the Dragon, pp. 162–63
21. Barlow (ed.), Life of King Edward, pp. 34–35
22. For a collection of such accounts see Panzer, Beowulf, vol. i, pp. 16–29; Axel Olrik noted the correspondence between Siward's genealogy and two others: Saxo Grammaticus's genealogy of King Sweyn Estridsson of Denmark; and the genealogy of Sweyn's brother Earl Bjorn recorded by John of Worcester (Olrik 1908–1909, "Siward Digri", pp. 218–19, 234; Darlington, McGurk & Bray (eds.), Chronicle of John of Worcester, vol. ii, pp. 548–49; Christiansen, Saxo Grammaticus, vol. i, pp. 29–30). Saxo related that Thorgil Sprakling (i.e. Spatlingus), the father of Earl Ulf (i.e. Ulfius) father of Bjorn and Sweyn, was similarly born from a bear (Christiansen, Saxo Grammaticus, vol. i, p. 190). Saxo may have borrowed from Siward's story and genealogy when he wrote his account of Sprakling (Olrik 1908–1909, "Siward Digri", p. 234, noting in n. 1 that the name of Siward's son, Osbjorn ("bear spirit") strengthens the idea that Siward's father was actually called Bjorn); alternatively, the earlier version in John of Worcester may have been the source for both (Christiansen, Saxo Grammaticus, vol. i, p. 190, who nevertheless believes Saxo may have had access to the Vita Waldevi or the sources behind it).
23. Bolton, "Ancestors of the Danish Royal Family?", pp. 42–71
24. Bolton, "Ancestors of the Danish Royal Family?", p. 71
25. See Rauer, Beowulf and the Dragon, pp. 128, 131, for discussion of the raven banner and the old man on the hill as Oðinn; Siward's dragon-slaying can be compared to the dragon-slaying of his namesake Sigurd the Dragon-Slayer
26. Michel, Chroniques Anglo-Normandes, vol. ii, p. 104 (in Latin); Rauer, Beowulf and the Dragon, pp. 125–33, 162–66
27. Translation Olrik 1908–1909, "Siward Digri", pp. 215–16
28. Aird, "Siward"; this account (see box) he story relates that Siward slew Tostig, and as a reward the king (Edward the Confessor) granted Siward the earldom of Huntingdon. Soon after, Siward obtained Northumbria too; for text and translations of account, see Michel, Chroniques Anglo-Normandes vol. ii, pp. 107–09, (in Latin); Bartlett, England under the Norman and Angevin Kings, pp. 33–34; Olrik 1908–1909, "Siward Digri", pp. 215–16; even though there is evidence that a prominent magnate named Tostig—but not Tostig Godwinson—was active during the period, Edward [the Confessor] did not become king until 1042, and this story like others in the Vita Waldevi is regarded as fanciful; see Florence Harmer, Anglo-Saxon Writs, pp. 303–04
29. Keynes, "Cnut's Earls", p. 65; several of Cnut's Danish earls appear earliest with the style Minister, for which see Ibid, pp. 54–66
30. Aird, "Siward"; Keynes, "Cnut's Earls", pp. 65–66; Sawyer 968, Anglo-Saxons.net, retrieved 2009-03-13
31. Aird, "Siward"; Kapelle, Norman Conquest, p. 23; Fletcher, Bloodfeud, p. 131; Keynes, "Cnut's Earls", p. 66; Rollason, Northumbria, p. 267
32. Keynes, "Cnut's Earls", p. 58
33. Kapelle, Norman Conquest, p. 23
34.Fletcher, Bloodfeud, pp. 121, 131
35. Bolton, Empire of Cnut, pp. 119–22
36. Bolton, Empire of Cnut, pp. 122–25
37. Barlow, Edward the Confessor, p. 48; see Idem pp. 28–53 for more general picture
38. Barlow, Edward the Confessor, p. 53
39. Barlow, Edward the Confessor, p. 57
40. Sawyer 995, Anglo-Saxons.net, retrieved 2009-03-13; Keynes, Atlas of Attestations, Table LXIX (1 of 1)
41. Sawyer 982, Anglo-Saxons.net, retrieved 2009-03-13; Keynes, Atlas of Attestations, Table LXIX (1 of 1)
42. Sawyer 993, Anglo-Saxons.net, retrieved 2009-03-13; Sawyer 994, Anglo-Saxons.net, retrieved 2009-03-13; Keynes, Atlas of Attestations, Table LXIX (1 of 1)
43. Aird, "Siward"
44. ASC MSs C, D, s.a. 1041
45. Rollason (ed.), Libellus de Exordio, pp. 170–71
46. Morris, Marriage and Murder, p. 14
47. Kapelle, Norman Conquest, p. 24
48. Aird, St Cuthbert, p. 53
49. Aird, "Siward"; Whitelock (ed.), English Historical Documents, p. 318
50. Barlow, Edward the Confessor, pp. 48–49
51. Barlow, Edward the Confessor, p. 61
52. Barlow, Edward the Confessor, pp. 76–77
53. ASC MS D, s.a. 1043; Barlow, Edward the Confessor, p. 76; Baxter, Earls of Mercia, p. 39
54. Barlow, Edward the Confessor, pp. 76–77, & n. 1 on p. 1, for the quote from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, MS C
55. Barlow, Edward the Confessor, p. 107, n. 1. The passage is quote in Ibid, p. 222
56. Barlow, Edward the Confessor, p. 78
57. Barlow, Edward the Confessor, p. 107
58. Barlow, Edward the Confessor, p. 107; Mason, House of Godwine, p. 63
59. ASC MS D, s.a. 1051; Barlow, Edward the Confessor, pp. 107–14
60. Barlow, Edward the Confessor, p. 119
61. Barlow, Edward the Confessor, p. 119; William, "Godwine"
62. Anderson, Early Sources, p. 595 (n. 1 from p. 594); Cain, "Introduction", p. 31; Kapelle, Norman Conquest, p. 29
63. Anderson, Early Sources, p. 595
64. Anderson, Early Sources, pp. 595–96; Barlow, Edward the Confessor, p. 89, n. 5; Williams, "'Cockles amongst the Wheat'", pp. 11, 20 n. 61
65. Anderson, Early Sources, pp. 596–97
66. Phythian-Adams, Land of the Cumbrians, pp. 109, 148
67. Florence Harmer (ed.), Anglo-Saxon Writs, no. 121, pp. 419–23 ; Kapelle, Norman Conquest, pp. 42–43; Phythian-Adams, Land of the Cumbrians, pp. 109, 148
68. Phythian-Adams, Land of the Cumbrians, p. 181
69. Kapelle, Norman Conquest, p. 43
70. Harmer (ed.), Anglo-Saxon Writs, pp. 423–4
71. Phythian-Adams, Land of the Cumbrians, pp. 131–52, 174–81
72. Kapelle, Norman Conquest, pp. 43–44; Phythian-Adams, Land of the Cumbrians, pp. 131–52, 174–81
73. Aird, St Cuthbert, p. 53; Morris, Marriage and Murder, pp. 4–5
74. Aird, St Cuthbert, pp. 53–54; Rollason (ed.), Libellus de Exordio, p. 171
75. Rollason (ed.), Libellus de Exordio, p. 171
76. Aird, St Cuthbert, p. 54
77. For a survey, see Keynes, Atlas of Attestations, Table LXXIV (1 of 1)
78. Sawyer 1001; Sawyer 1006; Sawyer 1005; Sawyer 1004; Sawyer 1003; Sawyer 1002; Sawyer 1044; Sawyer 1391; Sawyer 1011; Sawyer 1010; Sawyer 1012; Sawyer 1007; Sawyer 1008; Sawyer 1009; Sawyer 1014; Sawyer 1015; Sawyer 1055; Sawyer 1017; Sawyer 1019, Anglo-Saxons.net, retrieved 2009-03-13; Keynes, Atlas of Attestations, Table LXXIV (1 of 1)
79. Sawyer 1022; Sawyer 1020, Anglo-Saxons.net, retrieved 2009-03-13; Keynes, Atlas of Attestations, Table LXXIV (1 of 1)
80. Sawyer 1021; Sawyer 1023, Anglo-Saxons.net, retrieved 2009-03-13; Keynes, Atlas of Attestations, Table LXXIV (1 of 1)
81. Sawyer 1478, Anglo-Saxons.net, retrieved 2009-03-13; Keynes, Atlas of Attestations, Table LXXIV (1 of 1)
82. Greenway, Henry of Huntingdon, p. 21
83. Aird, St Cuthbert, p. 53; Rollason (ed.), Libellus de Exordio, p. 169; Woolf, Pictland to Alba, pp. 254–55
84. Aird, St Cuthbert, p. 53; Woolf, Pictland to Alba, p. 255
85. Aird, St Cuthbert, p. 53; Woolf, Pictland to Alba, pp. 254–55
86. Anderson, Scottish Annals, p. 84
87. Kapelle, Norman Conquest, p. 46
88. Woolf, Pictland to Alba, p. 259
89. Aitchison, Macbeth, p. 90
90. Aitchison, Macbeth, p. 90; Duncan, Kingship, pp. 35–36; see Aitchison, Macbeth, pp. 172–73, for a discussion of the possibility that Dunsinane was the location
91. ASC MS D, s.a. 1054; translation based on Anderson, Scottish Annals, pp. 86–87
92. Darlington, McGurk and Bray (eds.), Chronicle of John of Worcester, vol. ii, pp. 572 n. 2, 573, 574 n. 12, 575
93. Annals of Ulster, s. a. 1054; translation based on Anderson, Early Sources, vol. i, p. 593
94. Aitchison, Macbeth, p. 89; the relationship is dependent on the Crínán, grandfather of Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria being the same as Crínán of Dunkeld, something which is now in doubt; see Woolf, Pictland to Alba, pp. 249–52 and n. 39
95. Darlington et al., Chronicle, vol. ii, pp. 574–75; see also Woolf, Pictland to Alba, p. 261, n. 59
96. See, for instance, Ritchie, Normans, p. 5, or Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England, p. 570
97. Broun, "Identity of the Kingdom", pp. 133–34; Duncan, Kingship, p. 40
98. Oram, David I, p. 29
99. Duncan, Kingship, pp. 37–41
100. Broun, "Identity of the Kingdom", p. 134; Oram, David I, pp. 18–20; Woolf, Pictland to Alba, p. 262
101. Duncan, Kingship of the Scots, p. 41
102. Woolf, Pictland to Alba, p. 262
103. Duncan, Kingship, p. 40
104. Woolf, Pictland to Alba, pp. 262–63
105. See Woolf, Pictland to Alba, p. 263; Johnson et al., Hugh the Chanter, pp. 52, 53
106. Greenway, Henry of Huntingdon, p. 22
107. Mason, House of Godwine, pp. 88–89
108. Barlow (ed.), Life of King Edward, p. 49 (= Vita Ædwardi, i. 5), & note Ibid, p. 48, n. 114; Darlington, McGurk and Bray (eds.), Chronicle of John of Worcester, vol. ii, pp. 576, & n. 5; Stevenson, Simeon of Durham, p. 124
109. Wright, Cultivation of Saga, pp. 75–76, 127–33, 136
110. Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England, p. 417
111. Aird, St Cuthbert, p. 54, and notes 163–63
112. See Williams & Martin (eds.), Domesday Book, pp. 744, 802–03; Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 28, 220
113. Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 221–24
114. Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 206–20
115. Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 191–94, 205, 215–17, 220
116. Green, Aristocracy, pp. 100–10; Kapelle, Norman Conquest, pp. 158–90
117. Daniell, Death and Burial in Medieval England, p. 186
118. Baxter, Earls of Mercia, p. 103
119. Lewis, "Waltheof"
120. Lewis, "Waltheof"; Scott, "Earl Waltheof", pp. 206–07; Watkins, "Cult of Earl Waltheof", pp. 95–101
121. Aird, St Cuthbert, p. 53, n. 160; Kapelle, Norman Conquest, p. 31
References -- Primary sources
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6315 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“JUDITH OF LENS, born about 1054. She married after January 1070 WALTHEOF, Earl of Northumberland, lord of Potton, Bedfordshire, Waltharnstow, Essex, Conington, Leighton Bromswold, Little Catford, and Sawtry, Huntingdonshire, Barnack, East Farndon, Fotheringay, Harringworth, and Lilford, Northamptonshire, etc., son and heir of Siward, Earl of Northumberland, by Ælfflaed, daughter of Earl Ealdred. They had two daughters, Maud [Queen of Scotland] and Alice. He was still young at the death of his father in 1055. He was active against the Norman in the northern counties and especially at York in 1069. In 1070 he made his peace with King William the Conqueror. He occurs as one of the witnesses to King William's charter to Wells dated 1068. He was present at the marriage of Ralph de Wader at Exning, Cambridgeshire, where the guests entered into a conspiracy against the king. In this he was to some slight extent implicated, but acting on the advise of Archbishop Lanfranc, he crossed over to Normandy to the king, and disclosed the matter to him. The conspiracy having been crushed, the king kept Waltheof with him. But he was accused by his wife, Judith, of more than a mere knowledge of the plot. After a year's deliberation, during which he was imprisoned at Winchester, Waltheof was executed at Winchester, Hampshire 31 May 1075 (or 1076). Two weeks afterwards the king allowed his body to be removed to Croyland Abbey, Lincolnshire, where the abbot buried him in the chapterhouse; his remains were subsequently translated into the church near the altar. At an unknown date, Judith was granted the manor of Elstow, Bedfordshire by her uncle, King William the Conqueror. Sometime prior to 1086, she founded a nunnery at Elstow and endowed it with the vill. She was living in 1086, and presumably died about 1090.
Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 159 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1076: "Walthevus Comes decollatus est."). Lysons Environs of London 1(2) (1811): 699-700. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 522-523. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. illus. the Hist. of Scotland 1 (1837): 100-101 xxx (Cronica Canonicorum Beate Marie Huntingdon: "David qui regnavit et duxit Matildam Comitissam Huntingd' neptem Willelmi Regis Anglorum filiam Ivette que fuit filia Lamberti de Louns Comitis."). Col. Top. et Gen. 6 (1840): 261-265. Edwards Liber Monasterii de Hyda (Rolls Ser. 45) (1866): 294-295 (Judith [of Lens], wife of Earl Waltheof, styled "king's kinswoman" [consanguineam regis] [i.e., kinswoman of King William the Conqueror]). Freeman Hist. of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 813-815 (re. connection of Earl Waltheof with conspiracy of Ralph). Remarks & Colls. of Thomas Hearne 3 (Oxford Hist. Soc.) (1889): 104 (ped. chart). Searle Ingulf & the Historia Croylandensis (1894): 104-110 (biog. of Earl Waltheof, the martyr). Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 8 (1901): 525-526. Rutland Mag. & County Hist. Rec. 3 (1908): 97-106, 129-137. VCH Bedford 2 (1908): 237-242; 3 (1912): 280-281, 296-305. Pubs. of Bedfordshire Hist. Rec. Soc. 9 (1925): 23-34. VCH Northampton 3 (1930): 227-231. VCH Huntingdon 3 (1936): 86-92, 144-151, 203-212. Arch. Aeliana 30 (1952): 200-201. Giles Vita et Passio Waldevi comitis in Original Lives of Anglo-Saxons and others who lived before the Conquest (Caxton Soc. 16) (1954): 1-30. Offler Durham Episcopal Charters 1071-1152 (1968): 2, 5, 6, 16n, 27, 30-31, 39-47. VCH Essex 6 (1973): 253-263. VCH Cambridge 6 (1978): 177-182. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XI.227, XII.398-XII.399. Schwennicke Europaische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 621 (sub Boulogne). Bower Scotichronicon 3 (1995): 64-65 & 126-127 (instances of Judith, wife of Earl Waltheof, styled "niece" [neptis] of King William the Conqueror). Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigny 2 (1995): 270-273 (Deeds of the Norman Dukes: "Waltheof had three daughters by his wife [Judith], a daughter of the countess of Aumâle, who was a uterine sister of William the elder, king of the English. Simon de Senlis married another of Earl Waltheof’s daughters and received with her the earldom of Huntingdon. He had by her a son called Simon. After the death of Earl Simon, David, brother of secundae Maud, queen of the English, married his widow, by whom he had one son. After the death of his brothers Duncan and Alexander, kings of Scots, he became king. Another of Waltheof’s daughters, Judith [recte Alice], married Rodolf de Toeny, as we have already mentioned. The third daughter [recte granddaughter] was married by Robert Fitz Richard, as we have also mentioned above."). William The English & the Norman Conquest (1995). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 290 (chart).
Children of Judith of Lens, by Waltheof of Northumberland:
i. MAUD OF NORTHUMBERLAND [see next].
ii. ALICE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, married RALPH DE TONY, of Flamstead, Hertfordshire [see TONY 3].”

2. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“ALICE (AELIDIS, ADELIZA, ADELISA, ADELIDIS) OF NORMANDY, illegitimate daughter of Robert, Duke of Normandy, possibly by his mistress, Arlette (or Harleve) [see Appendix, Line A, Gen. 11 for her ancestry], born before 1035. She was the sister of William the Conqueror, King of England [see ENGLAND 1]. She married (1st) ENGUERRAND II, Count of Ponthieu, son and heir of Hugues II, Count of Ponthieu and Montreuil, seigneur of Abbeville, by Berthe, daughter of Guerinfrid, seigneur of Aurnale. They had one daughter, Alice. He was slain before the Chateau d'Arques 25 October 1053. His widow, Alice, married (2nd) 1053/4 LAMBERT OF BOULOGNE, Count of Lens, Governor of Lille Castle, younger son of Eustache I, Count of Boulogne, by Mathilde (or Mahaut), daughter of Lambert I, Count of Louvain [see BOULOGNE 1 for his ancestry]. They had one daughter, Judith. In 1047 he and his brother, Count Eustache, and Count Baldwin V of Flanders were in attendance at the court of King Henry III of Germany, where they witnessed Henry's confirmation of a gift to St. Medard. LAMBERT OF BOULOGNE, Count of Lens, was slain in battle at Phalempin in 1054. His widow, Alice, married (3rd) in 1060 EUDES III, Count of Champagne, Banner-bearer to the Archbishops of Rouen, son and heir of Etienne, Count of Troyes and Meaux, by his wife, Adelaide. They had one son, Stephen (or Etienne) [Count of Aumale]. In the period, 1047-55, he witnessed an agreement between Rahier, husband of Arembourg, and the canons of Saint-Maurice of Angers, by which the canons temporarily relinquished certain rights in the church of Joué. At the death of his father about 1047 or 1048, he was deprived of the county of Champagne by his uncle, Thibaut III, and took refuge with William, Duke of Normandy [afterwards William the Conqueror, King of England]. William gave him his sister, Alice, in marriage. After the conquest of England in 1066, in which Eudes rendered good service, King William granted him the lordship of Holderness in England. William also erected the territory of Aumale into a county, which lands had been given to Eudes by Jean de Bayeux, Archbishop of Rouen. In 1082 William I, King of England, gave the Abbey of Holy Trinity at Caen the bourg of Le Homme with its revenues, with a reservation in favor of his sister, Alice, Countess of Aumale, of the tenancy during her life. His wife, Alice, Countess of Aumale, was living in 1086, and died before 1096 (date of charter). Sometime in the period, 1087-1095, Eudes witnessed a charter of King William Rufus, confirming to the Abbey of Saint Pierre au Mont Blandin in Gand certain possessions in his kingdom. Following the death of King William the Conqueror in 1087, he supported William Rufus as king in opposition to Robert, Duke of Normandy. In 1095 he joined the rebellion of Robert de Mowbray against King William Rufus, for which he was imprisoned by William and continued in confinement the remainder of his life. Eudes, Count of Champagne, died in prison sometime between Jan. 1096 and 2 August 1107.
Du Plessis Histoire de l'Eglise de Meaux 2 (1731): 8 (charter dated 1061 of Count Thibaut; charter names his son, Henri, his nephew, Eudes (son of his brother), his wife, Adelade, and his sister Bertha, Countess of Brittany). Frost Notices rel. to the Early Hist. of the Town & Port of Hull (1827): 8-10. Bulkeley La Hougue Bie de Hambie 1 (1837): 153-159 ("A charter of grant to the Abbey of St. Trinity at Caen runs as follows: William, King, and Matilda my wife, Queen, give to the aforesaid Church the Bourg of Hulme ... and the Countess Adelisa de Albemarle conceding ..."). Coll. Top. et Gen. 6 (1840): 261-265. Bull de l’Académie Royale des Sciences 9(1) (1842): 264-265 (charter of King William Rufus of England dated 1087-1100, witnessed by Eudes, Count of Champagne [“Odonis comitis de Campania”]; also see Chartes & Docs. de l'Abbaye de Saint Pierre au Mont Blandin à Gand (1868): 106-107. Le Glay Histoire des Comtes de Flandres jusqu' à l'avènement de la maison de Bourgogne 1 (1843): 168 ("Ce lieu, appelé Buc, où existait de très-ancienne date un château qui passe pour avoir été le siège de la domination du premier forestier de Flandre, et qui par la suite a vu s'élever, sous le nom de Lille, une cite si florissante, ce lieu servait de refuge à la personne du marquis et à celle de ses fils. Il avait été fortifié de nouveau, et la plupart des barons flamands s'y étaient enfermés avec leur suzerain. Il ne semble pas que l'empereur se soit rendu maître de cette importante forteresse. Avant qu'il en eût tenté le siège, le gouverneur Lambert, comte de Lens et oncle du fameux Godefroi du Bouillon, sortit à sa rencontre avec des troupes numbreuses. Cette opposition inattendue, en opérant une diversion, aura empêché l'empereur d'attaquer le château de Lille; mais elle coûta la vie au comte Lambert. De là Henri marcha vers Toumai et assiègea le fort de cette ville, où s'étaient refugiés grand nombre de gens: car tout le pays se dépeuplait sur le passage des impériaux."). Biog. Dict. of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge 4 (1844): 179 (biog. of Eudes of Odo, Count of Aumale). Stapleton Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Nomanniae 2 (1844): xxix-xxxi ("In the Observations on the History of Adeliza, sister of William the Conqueror (Archaeologia, vol. XXVI, p. 349), an inference has been drawn from the terms of a contemporaneous charter in proof that the Comtesse of Aumale, wife of Count Odo of Champagne, was the niece and not the sister of King William the Conqueror. The supposition is, however, erroneous, as is shewn by another subsequent charter to the collegiate church of Auchy, written by commond of Adelidis the most noble Comtesse, sister, to wit, of William King of the English, confirmante viro suo, videlicet, Odone comite una cum filio suo Stephano."). Semichon Histoire de la Ville d'Aumale 1 (1862). Bond Chronica Monasterii de Melsal (Rolls Set.) (1866): 89 (De genealogia nobelium oomitum Albemarliz, fundatorum nostrorum: "Comes quondam Campanix, nepos regis Francorum, habebat quendam filium, militem egregrium, nomine Odonem Porro, coadjuvante dictum Odonem archiepiscopo Rothomagensi erga ipsum regem Willielmum, dedit ei prmfatus rex sororem suam in uxorem."). Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34 (sub A.D. 1026: "Hic tercius Ricardus eodem primo anno ducatus sui mortuus est, et successit ei Robertus frater ejus, qui genuit Willermum de Herleva non sponsata, qui postea Angliam conquisivit, et unarn filiam nomine Aeliz de alia concubina."). Planche Conqueror & His Companions 1 (1874): 118-126. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 11 (1876): 126 (Ex Chronico Cameracensi et Atrebatensi: Year: 1054. Que facto, accinxit se rursum Iohannes ad deducendi negotium, volens, si fled posset aliquo pacto, per clausulam illam ducere Imperatoris exercitum. Laboranti igitur homini et quxrenti id ipsum perficere, portx clausulx illius apertx aunt de media nocte; sicque clausulam illam introivit Imperator, facta inimicorum suorum resistere volentium non minima Pertransiens autem clausulam illam, et interfectis a dextris et a sinistris occursantibus sibi, ad Islense castellum pervenit, ubi Lantbertus Comes Lensensis cum multis ei occurens, interfectus occubuit. Ab eo quidem castello divertit ad Tornacum civitatem; ubi in quodam municipio inclusit non parvam militum electorum fugientem multitudinem, quos obsidione et ad ultimum fame oppressos compulit ad deditionem. Illis igitus acceptis, et per ergastula militum suorum in custodia reclusis, Imperator cum gloria ad civitates regni sui rediit."), 205-206 (Ex Genealogia de qua ortus est Carolus Magnus dated after 1135: "Carolus Dux frater Lotharii genuit Ermengardem et Gerbergam. Ermengardis genuit Albertum Comitem de Namuren. Albertus genuit Albertum qui none est. Et Gerberga soror Ermengardis genuit Henricom Seniorem de Brusella. Henricus Senior genuit Comitem Lambertum, et Henricum fratrem ejus, et Matildem sororem comm. Hanc Matildem duxit uxorem Comes Eustachius de Bulonia, et genuit ex ea duos filios Eustachium et Lambertum. Eustachius accepit uxorem filium Godefridi Ducis, Idam nomine, nobilem genere et moribus; et genuit ex ea quatuor filios, Guillermum, Godefridum, qui nunc est Dux Lotharingix, Balduinum, et rani; Eustachium. Godefridus vero et Balduinus fuerent Reges Jerosolvmorum. Eustachius vero genuit filiam, nomine Matildem, quam postea duxit in uxorem Stephanus Rex Anglorum."), 374 (Genealogiæ ex Chronicis Hainoniensibus. "Carolus Dux Lotharingix, frater Lotharii Regis Francorum, duas habuit filias Ermengardem et Gerbergam: de Ermengarde natus est Albertus Comes Namurcensis, qui genuit Albertum ei succedentem, et Henricum Comitem de Durbio. Albertus II genuit Godefridum Comitem Namurcensium, et Henricum Comitem de Rupe. Hic Henricus filiam habuit Macthildem, quæ domino de Walecourt peperit Werricum et Beatricem, etc. & Godefridus Comes Namurcensis, frater Henrici de Rupe, genuit Henricum et Adelidem uxorem Hainonensis Balduini, cui peperit Balduinum Comitem, etc. Gerberga vero alia filia Caroli, fratris Lotharii, peperit Henricum Seniorem de Bruxella; et hic Henricus genuit Henricum, Lambertum, et Macthildem qux Comiti de Bolonia Eustachio peperit Eustachium et Lambertum. Eustachius vero ex Ida filia Godefridi Ducis Lotharingix genuit Godefridum de Bullonio, postea Regem Hierusalem, et Eustachium, etc."), 582-583 (confirmation charter of King Henry III of Germany dated 1047). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 583 (Ex Willelmi Calculi Gemeticensis Monachi: `Waldevi Comitis Huntedonix, Habuit autem idem Waldevus tres filias ex uxore sua [Juditha] filia [Adelaidis] Comitiss de Albamarla, quæ Comitissa fuit soror uterina Willehni Regis Anglorum senioris."). Recueil des Historiens des Gauleses et de la France 13 (1869): 585 (Ex Genealogia Caroli Magni qua Namurcensium Comitum et Boloniens. Origo Declaratur. "Carolus Dux, frater Lotharii Regis, genuit Ermengardem et Gerbergam. Ermengardis genuit Albertum Comitem de Namurco, etc. Albertus genuit Albertum et fratrem ejus Henricum Comitem de Durbuio. Albertus autem de Namurco genuit Godefridum, et Henricum Comitem de Rupe, pattern Mathildis qux genuit Jacobum Avesnensem Godefridus autem frater ejus genuit Henricum Comitem Narnurcensem, qui caruit liberis, et sororem ejus Alithiarn: quæ nupta Hainoensi Comiti Balduino genuit Balduinum, qui duxit Margaretam filiam Theoderici Flandrensis Comitis, et genuit filium æquivocum sibi. Gerberga vero soror Ermengardis genuit Henricum seniorem de Brussella. Henricus senior genuit Lambertum et Henricum fratrem ejus, et Mathildem sororem eorum. Hanc Mathildem duxit uxorem Comes Eustachius de Bolonia, et genuit ex ea duos filios Eustachium et Lambertum. Eustachius vero accepit uxorem filiam Godefridi [Lotharingiæ] Ducis, Idam nominee, nobilem genere et moribus, et genuit ex ea tres filios, Eustachium, Godefridum et Balduinum. Eustachius frater Balduini Regis Jerusalem duxit Mariam filiam Regis Scotiæ, et genuit Mathildem. Mathildis nupta Stephano, fiolio Stephani Blesensis Comitis, genuit Mariam Abbatissam [Ramesiæ]. Cumque defecissent in Bolonia legitimi hæredes, Matthus filius Theoderici Comitis Flandrensis, licit illicite, duxit Abbatissam, et suscitavit semem hæreditarium duas filias generando, et remisit earn ad locum suum."). Laffleur de Kermaingant Cartulaire de l'Abbege de Saint-Michel du Tréport (1880): 8-20 (confirmation of gifts to Tréport Abbey includes the following: "Henricus Visa dedit, pro sua et antecessorum suorem anima, ecdesie Sancti Michaelis de Ulterisportu medietatem vile que vocatur Frastineta [Le Fresnoy], et medietatum bosci ejusdem, et ecclesiam Sancti Nicholai quam in eadem construxerat villa, et hoc fecit concessu Berthe uxoris sue et filii sui Willelmi, et concessu comitisse Albemarle Aelidis, ac filii ejus Stephani."). Doyle Official Baronage of England 2 (1886): 201 (sub Holderness). Remarks & Colls. of Thomas Hearne 3 (Oxford Hist. Soc.) (1889): 104 (ped. chart). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "12 Sept. [Obiit] Lanbertus comes."). Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 8 (1901): 525-526. Urseau Cartulaire Moir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (1908): 98-99 (agreement dated 1047-55 witnessed by "young Eudes, nephew of Count Thibaut" [Odo puer, nepos comitis Tethberti”). C.P. 1 (1910): 351-352 (sub Aumale). Clay Extinct & Dormant Peerages (1913): 1 (sub Earls of Albemarle). Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 3 (1916): 30-33 (charter of Stephen, Count of Aumale, dated 1115 confirms the gift made by Alice his mother ["mater mea Adeliza] to the monks of St. Lucian of Beauvais of the church of St. Martin D'Acy, which his ancestors had erected outside the castle of Aumale; charter also mentions Stephen's uncle, William I, King of England ['Willelmi regis Anglorum avunculi men). Monumenta Germaniae Histotica SS 7 (1925): 494 (Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium. Continuatio); SS 9 (1925): 300-301 (Haec est Genealogia Regis Karoli qui vocatus est magnus, de cuius prosapia ortus est rex Godefridus Eisque frater rex Balduinus: "Karolus Magnus genuit Ludovicum Pissimum augustum. Ludovicus genuit Lotharium Pipinum et Ludovicum ex Ermengarde, et Karolum Calvum ex Iudith. Karolus Calvus genuit Ludovicum, de quo dictum est qui nichil fecit, quia post mortem paths duobus tantum annis vixit. Ludovicus filius Karoli genuit Karolum Simplicem et Karlemannum. Karolus vero Simplex ab Heriberto captus est. Qui Karolus ex Ogiva genuit Ludovicum. Ludovicus genuit Lotharium regem et Karolum ducem ex Gerberga. Lotharius rex genuit Ludovicum iuvenem, et Karolus dux, frater Lotharii regis, genuit Ermengardem et Gerbergam. Ermengardis genuit Albertum comitem de Namuco. Albertus genuit Albertum qui nunc est, et fratrem eius Henricum comitem de Durboio. Gerberga vero soror Ermengardis genuit Henricum seniorem de Bursella. Henricus senior genuit Lambertum comitem et Henricum fratrem eius et Mathildem sororem comm. Hanc Mathildem duxit uxorem comes Eustachius de Bolonia, et genuit ex ea duos filios, Eustachium et Lantbertum. Eustachius vero accepit uxorem filiam Godefridi duels, Idam nomine, nobilem genere et mobus, et genuit ex ea tres filios, Eustachium et Godefridum qui nunc est dux Lotharingiae et Balduiniun." Later addition: "Eustachius, frater Balduini regis Iherusalem, duxit Mariam filiam regis Scotiae, et genuit Mathildem. Mathildis nupta Stephatio, filio Stephani Blesensis comitis, genuit Mariam abbatissam. Curnque defecissent in Bolonia legitimi heredes, Matheus filius Theoderici comitis Flandrensis, licet illicite, duxit abbatissam, et suscitavit semen hereditatium duas filias generando, et rernisit earn ad locurn suum. Albertus autem de Namurco genuit Godefridum et Henricurn comitem de Rupe, patrem Mathildis quae genuit Iacobum Avesnensem. Godefridus autem frater emus Henricum cornitem Namurcensem, qui caruit liberis et sororem eius Althiam, quae nupta Hainoensi comiti Balduino, genuit Balduinum, qui duxit Margaretam filia Theoderici Flandrensis comitis, et genuit filium equivocum sibi."). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.126, XI.227, XII.19. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 79 (sub Normandy); 3(4) (1989): 621 (sub Boulogne). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.126, XI.227. English Lords of Holderness, 1086-1260 (1979). Keats-Rohan Domesday People: Prosopography of Persons occurring in English Docs., 1066-1166 1 (1999): 124. Burgess Hist. of the Norman People: Ware's Roman de Rou (2004): 1. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 290 (chart), 306 (Normandy ped.).
Child of Alice of Normandy, by Lambert, Count of Lens:
i. JUDITH OF LENS, married WALTHEOF, Earl of Northumberland [see BEAUCHAMP 2].
Child of Alice of Normandy, by Eudes, Count of Champagne:
i. STEPHEN (or ETIENNE), Count of Aumale [see next].”

3. Website "English Monarchs" http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/vikings_18.html accessed 1 Sep 2019:
"Siward Earl of Northumbria, d. 1055
The larger than life figure of Siward, earl of Northumbria first appears on the pages of history in the year 1033, when he stood as a witness in a charter by King Canute for Archbishop Ælfric of York.
Siward is generally considered to be of Danish stock, the 'Vita Ædwardi Regis', which was compiled by an anonymous author circa 1067 and commissioned by Queen Edith, the widow of King Edward the Confessor, records that Siward's nickname was 'Digri', or 'Digara', deriving from the Danish Diger meaning 'the Stout', or 'the Strong'. The biography of Siward's son Waltheof, states that Siward was the son of a Scandinavian earl named Bjorn. A legend preserved in the twelfth century claims that Bjorn was descended from the union of a lady and a white bear.
Siward grew to be powerful figure in the north of England during the reign of King Canute the Great, a formidable Viking warrior who conquered England and made himself king in the first decade of the eleventh century. Siward was one of many Danes who arrived in England in the wake of Canute's conquest of the country, although the date and context of his arrival in England are not known.
He succeeded Erik of Hlathir, earl of Northumbria, as ruler of southern Northumbria between 1023 and 1033. Siward then entrenched his position in northern England by marrying Ælfflæd, the daughter of Ealdred, Earl of Bamburgh and granddaughter of Uhtred the Bold. After slaying Ealdred's successor Eadulf in 1041, Siward acquired control of all of Northumbria. He was delegated authority in England by the king while Canute was otherwise occupied in his Scandinavian territories.
On the death of Canute in 1035, the throne was siezed by his illegitimate son Harold Harefoot. Canute's legitimate son Hardicanute was in Denmark at the time of his father's death, his involvement in a war against King Magnus I of Norway resulted in his not being able to secure his claim to the throne of England. As Hardicanute was preparing an invasion of England, Harold died in 1040 and was succeeded by his brother. Hardicanute's first act on arriving in his new kingdom, was to have his half-brother Harold's body disinterred, beheaded and slung into a marsh, causing outrage amongst churchmen. Siward appears as 'Sywardus Comes' in 1038, as witness to a charter of King Hardicanute to the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds. He further witnessed a confirmation granted by Harthacnut to Fécamp Abbey, between 1040 and 1042. Hardicanute reigned in England for but two years dying in 1042, like his half-brother, he met his end in the throes of a fit, incurred during a riotous drinking bout at Clapham.
Hardicanute was succeeded by Saxon half-brother Edward the Confessor. Siward was to become one of the Confessor's most powerful supporters. On 16 November 1043, Siward, Godwine Earl of Wessex and Leofric Earl of Mercia, aided the king against his mother, Emma of Normandy.
Edward's attitude to Emma was cold and reserved. He resented her second marriage to his father's rival, King Canute, and Emma's preference for her children by Canute over himself and his brother, Alfred. Edward complained that his mother had "done less for him than he wanted before he became king, and also afterwards". He confiscated her considerable wealth and then went on to accuse his mother of treason, it was claimed that Emma had incited King Magnus of Norway to attack England.
Along with Earl Leofric and Ralph the Timid, Earl of Hereford, Siward assisted the king to combat a rebellion by the powerful Earl Godwine and his sons in 1051 which resulted in the exile of Godwine. Godwine returned to England in 1052. Siward further extended his influence in the south, bringing the shire of Northampton under his control in the 1040s and Huntingdon in the 1050s.
In 1039 or 1040, the Scottish king Duncan I invaded Northumbria and lay siege to the town of Durham. Within a year, he was killed by King Macbeth, who after defeating him in battle, succeeded to the throne of Scotland. The elder of Duncan's sons, Malcolm, enlisted the aid of Edward the Confessor. The twelfth century Annals of Lindisfarne and Durham, record that in the year 1046 -
Earl Siward with a great army came to Scotland, and expelled king Mac Bethad, and appointed another; but after his departure Mac Bethad recovered his kingdom'
Siward met Macbeth in battle to the north of the Firth of Forth, the battle is variously referred to as the "Battle of the Seven Sleepers" or the "Battle of Dunsinane", although the earliest reference to Dunsinane as the location occurs in the early fifteenth century by Andrew of Wyntoun. The earliest contemporary English account of the battle is recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. The battle, in which the Annals of Ulster report 3,000 Scots and 1,500 English died, was fierce and bloody, Siward's eldest son, Osbjorn and his son-in-law were among the dead.
"Around this time Siward, the mighty earl of Northumbria, almost a giant in stature, very strong mentally and physically, sent his son to conquer Scotland. When they came back and reported to his father that he had been killed in battle, he asked 'Did he receive his fatal wound in the front or the back of his body?' The messengers said 'In the front'. Then he said, 'That makes me very happy, for I consider no other death worthy for me or my son'. Then Siward set out for Scotland, and defeated the king in battle, destroyed the whole realm, and having destroyed it, subjected it to himself" --the Historia Anglorum of Henry of Huntingdon.
The great warrior Earl Siward, reported by contemporaries to be a giant of a man in stature, died not in battle, but much to his disdain, in his bed, of dysentry in 1055, during which he bemoaned the fact that instead of dying in one of the many battles he had fought in, he was forced to die like a cow. He insisted on being dressed in his battle armour, with helmet on his head and axe and shield in hand so he could end his days like a warrior and thus attired went to meet his maker.
'Siward, the stalwart earl, being stricken by dysentery, felt that death was near, and said, "How shameful it is that I, who could not die in so many battles, should have been saved for the ignominious death of a cow! At least clothe me in my impenetrable breastplate, gird me with my sword, place my helmet on my head, my shield in my left hand, my gilded battle-axe in my right, that I, the bravest of soldiers, may die like a soldier." He spoke, and armed as he had requested, he gave up his spirit with honour' The Historia Anglorum, Henry of Huntingdon.
The Vita Ædwardi Regis records that Siward died at York and was buried in "the monastery of St Olaf" at Galmanho, which is confirmed by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, John of Worcester, and the Historia Regum.
One of Siward's sons is known to have survived him, Waltheof, whose mother was Ælfflæd. As Waltheof was at the time of his father's death still a young child, King Edward the Confessor appointed Tostig Godwineson, the unruly brother of Harold Godwineson (the future Harold II) as Earl of Northumbria. Waltheof later however became Earl of Northumbria, destined to become the last of the Anglo-Saxon earls, he joined a rebellion against William the Conqueror, and was betrayed by his wife Judith of Lens and executed in May 1076.
Waltheof's daughter, Maud of Huntingdon married David I, King of the Scots, the son of Malcolm Canmore and through this marriage Siward was to became the ancestor of later Scottish and English monarchs."

4. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“ROBERT I the Magnificent, Count of Hiémois, 1026, Duke of Normandy, 1027-1035, 2nd son. He was heir in 1027 to his older brother, Richard (III), Duke of Normandy. By his mistress, ARLETTE (or HERLEVE), daughter of Fulbert of Falaise, he had one illegitimate son, William the Conqueror [King of England, Duke of Normandy], and also by Arlette or an unknown mistress, one illegitimate daughter, Alice [Countess of Aumale]. ROBERT I, Duke of Normandy; set off on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem early in 1035, and subsequently died at Nicaea 1-3 July 1035. Herleve married c.1030 HERLUIN DE CONTEVILLE, Vicomte, seigneur of Conteville. They had two sons, Eudes [Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent] and Robert [Count of Mortain], and one daughter, Muriel. He founded Grestain Abbey in Normandy about 1050. He and his wife renounced their claim to the tithe of Toutainville and to the vill called Mesnil-Dastin to Preaux Abbey. His wife, Herleve, is thought to have been living in 1050-51, but died soon afterwards. He married (2nd) FREDESENDE ___. They had two sons, Jean (who appears to have died young) and Raoul Fitz Herluin (or de Conteville) [seigneur of Corneville-sur-Risle and Martainville-en-Lieuvin, presumably Domesday tenant of Chapel Allerton, Huish (in Burnham), Adber (in Trent), and Brent, Somerset]. HERLUIN DE CONTEVILLE died about 1066. He and his first wife, Arlette, were buried in Grestain Abbey. His widow, Fredesende, granted part of dower lands at Le Neubourg, Cantelou, and Honnaville (dep. Calvados) to Grestain Abbey.
Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 169 ("Roger de Ternois … ayant appris que le jeune Guillaume avait succédé à son père dans le duché, il en fut vivement indigné ... car Guillaume, né d'une concubine du duc Robert, nommée Herlève, fille de Fulbert, valet de chambre du due.") (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VII, Chap. III). Thomas Stapleton, "Observations on the History of Adeliza, sister of William the Conqueror," in Archaeologia 26 (1836): 349-357. Guerard Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Bertin (Coll. des Cartulaires de France 3) (1840): 421-423 (charter of Robert I, Duke of Normandy mentions his "uncle" [avunculo] Robert, Archbishop of Rouen). Delisle Rouleaux des Morts du IXe au XVe Siècle (1866): 289-290. Charpillon Dictionnaire historique de toutes les Communes du Département de l'Eure (1868): 834-835 (sub Conteville). William of Malmesbury De Gestis Regum Anglorum 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1889): 333-334 ("Matrem quantum vixit insigni indulgentia dignatus est; quæ, ante patris obitum, cuidam Herlewino de Comitisvilla, mediocrium opum vim, nupserat. Ex eo Willelmus fratres habuit Robertum, quem comitem Moritonii fecit, crassi et hebetis ingenii hominem; Odonem, quem ad episcopatum Bajocensem provexit comes, comitem Cantiae rex instituit"). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 420 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "3 Jul. [Obiit] Robertus comes."), 487 (Ex Uticensis Monasterii Annalibus et Necrologio: "1 Jul. [Obiit] Robertus, comes Normanniæ."), 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "2 Jul. [Obiit] Robertus, dux Normannorum quartus."). Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 8 (1901): 525-526. Freeman William the Conqueror (1902). Bréard L'Abbaye de Notre-Dame de Grestain (1904). Procs. Somersetshire Arch. & Natural Hist. Soc. 52 (1907): 82. Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913): 247-250 (Genealogliæ Comitum Andegavensium). English Hist. Rev. 31 (1916): 257-268; 65 (1950): 289-303. Winkhaus (1950) 1/133. Douglas Domesday Monachorum (1944): 33-36. David Douglas, "Some Problems of Early Norman Chronology," in English Hist. Rev. 65 (1950): 289-303. Loyd Origins of Some Anglo-Norman Fams. (1951): 31 (sub Conteville). Douglas William the Conqueror (1964). D. Bates "Herluin de Conteville et sa famille" in Annales de Normandie 23 (1973): 21-38. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 79 (sub Normandy). Van Houts "The origins of Herleva, mother of William the Conqueror," in English Hist. Rev. 101 (1986): 399-404. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XI.13, XII.18-XII.19. Bates and Gazeau "L'Abbaye de Grestain et la Famille d'Herluin de Conteville," in Annales de Normandie 40 (1990): 5-30. Cownie Religious Patronage in Anglo-Norman England 1066-1135 (1998): 197-198. Keats-Rohan Domesdey People 1 (1999): 258-259 ("Hugh of Avranches, earl of Chester from 1071, d. 1101 ... Son of Richard Goz vicomte of Avranches and a relative, probably half-sister, of William I. This woman was named as Emma daughter of Herleve and Herluin by Dugdale in his Baronage i, 32, but there is no independent evidence as to her name. The likelihood that she was nonetheless a half-sister of William I and sister of Robert of Mortain, is increased by the terms of a letter of Bishop Helinand of Le Mans, referring to a consanguineus marriage projected for the daughter of William of Mortain, discussed in Keats-Rohan, Medieval Prosopography 14.1 (1992), 38-40; for Hugh [Earl of Chester], ibid., 23-30."). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.). Gazeau Normannia monastica: Prices normands et Abbés bénédictins, Xe-XIIe siècle (2007): 174-175.
Child of Robert of Normandy, by Herleve of Falaise:
i. WILLIAM, Duke of Normandy, King of England [see next].
Child of Robert of Normandy, by a mistress, possibly Herleve of Falaise:
i. ALICE (AELIDIS, ADELIZA, ADELISA, ADELIDIS) OF NORMANDY, born before 1035. She married (1st) ENGUERRAND II, Count of Ponthieu, son and heir of Hugues II, Count of Ponthieu and Montreuil, seigneur of Abbeville, by Berthe, daughter of Guérinfrid, seigneur of Aumale. They had one daughter, Alice. He was slain before the Château d'Arques 25 October 1053. His widow, Alice, married (2nd) 1053/4 LAMBERT OF BOULOGNE, Count of Lens, Governor of Lille Castle, younger son of Eustache I, Count of Boulogne, by Mathilde (or Mahaut), daughter of Lambert I, Count of Louvain [see BOULOGNE 1 for his ancestry]. They had one daughter, Judith. In 1047 he and his brother, Count Eustache, and Count Baldwin V of Flanders were in attendance at the court of King Henry III of Germany, where they witnessed Henry's confirmation of a gift to St. Medard. LAMBERT OF BOULOGNE, Count of Lens, was slain in battle at Phalempin in 1054. His widow, Alice, married (3rd) in 1060 EUDES III, Count of Champagne, Banner-bearer to the Archbishops of Rouen, son and heir of Étienne, Count of Troyes and Meaux, by his wife, Adelaide. They had one son, Stephen (or Étienne) [Count of Aumale]. In the period, 1047-55, he witnessed an agreement between Rahier, husband of Arembourg, and the canons of Saint-Maurice of Angers, by which the canons temporarily relinquished certain rights in the church of Joué. At the death of his father about 1047 or 1048, he was deprived of the county of Champagne by his uncle, Thibaut III, and took refuge with William, Duke of Normandy [afterwards William the Conqueror, King of England]. William gave him his sister, Alice, in marriage. After the conquest of England in 1066, in which Eudes rendered good service, King William granted him the lordship of Holderness in England. William also erected the terrritory of Aumale into a county, which lands had been given to Eudes by Jean de Bayeux, Archbishop of Rouen. In 1082 William I, King of England, gave the Abbey of Holy Trinity at Caen the bourg of Le Homme with its revenues, with a reservation in favor of his sister, Alice, Countess of Aumale, of the tenancy during her life. Alice, Countess of Aumale, was living in 1086, and died before 1096 (date of charter). Sometime in the period, 1087-1095, Eudes witnessed a charter of King William Rufus, confirming to the Abbey of Saint Pierre au Mont Blandin in Gand certain possessions in his kingdom. Following the death of King William the Conqueror in 1087, he supported William Rufus as king in opposition to Robert, Duke of Normandy. In 1095 he joined the rebellion of Robert de Mowbray against King William Rufus, for which he was imprisoned by William and continued in confinement the remainder of his life. Eudes, Count of Champagne, died in prison sometime between Jan. 1096 and 2 August 1107. Du Plessis Histoire de l'Église de Meaux 2 (1731): 8. Frost Notices rel. to the Early Hist. of the Town & Port of Hull (1827): 8-10. Bulkeley La Hougue Bie de Hambie 1 (1837): 153-159 (“A charter of grant to the Abbey of St. Trinity at Caen runs as follows: 'I William, King, and Matilda my wife, Queen, give to the aforesaid Church the Bourg of Hulme ... and the Countess Adelisa de Albemarle conceding ...'"). Coll. Top. et Gen. 6 (1840): 261-265. Bull de l'Académie Royale des Sciences 9(1) (1842): 264-265; also see Chartes & Docs. de l’Abbaye de Saint Pierre an Mont Blandin à Gand (1868): 106-107. Le Glay Histoire des Comtes de Flandres jusqu’a l’avènement de la maison de Bourgogne 1 (1843): 168. Biog. Dict. of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge 4 (1844): 179 (biog. of Eudes of Odo, Count of Aumale). Stapleton Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniae 2 (1844): xxix-xxxi. Semichon Histoire de la Ville d'Aumale 1 (1862). Bond Chronica Monasterii de Melsa 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1866): 89. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34. Planche Conqueror & His Companions 1 (1874): 118-126. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 11 (1876): 126, 205-206, 374, 582-583. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 583; 13 (1869): 585; Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 580. Laffleur de Kermaingant Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Michel du Tréport (1880): 8-20. Doyle Official Baronage of England 2 (1886): 201 (sub Holderness). Remarks & Colls. of Thomas Hearne 3 (Oxford Hist. Soc.) (1889): 104 (ped. chart). Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 8 (1901): 525-526. Urseau Cartulaire Moir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (1908): 98-99. C.P. 1 (1910): 351-352 (sub Aumale). Clay Extinct & Dormant Peerages (1913): 1 (sub Earls of Albemarle). Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 3 (1916): 30-33. Monumenta Germaniae Historica SS 7 (1925): 494. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 79 (sub Normandy); 3(4) (1989): 621 (sub Boulogne). Winter Descs. of Charkmagne (800-1400) (1987): X.126, XI.227. English Lords of Holderness, 1086-1260 (1979). Keats-Rohan Domesday People: Prosopography of Persons occurring in English Docs., 1066-1166 1 (1999): 124. Burgess Hist. of the Norman People: Wace's Roman de Rou (2004): 1. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 290 (chart), 306 (Normandy ped).
Child of Alice of Normandy, by Lambert of Boulogne, Count of Lens:
a. JUDITH OF LENS, married WALTHEOF, Earl of Northumberland [see BEAUCHAMP 2].
Child of Alice of Normandy, by Eudes, Count of Champagne:
a. STEPHEN (or ÉTIENNE), Count of Aumale, Lord of Holderness, married HAWISE DE MORTIMER [see AUMALE 2].
Children of Herleve of Falaise, by Herluin de Conteville:
i. EUDES, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent. He was an uterine half-brother of King William the Conqueror. In 1049, while still a youth, he was granted the see of Bayeux. His active career was that of a warrior and statesman. He found ships for the invasion of England and fought in person at Senlac. He became Earl of Kent in 1066-67, and for some years he was a trusted royal minister. He acquired lands in more than twenty English counties. He worked energetically to build up the resources, both material and spiritual, of his see. At times he acted as viceroy in King William's absence and led royal forces to chastise rebellions. He took part in the northern campaign with his nephew, Robert Curthose, in 1080. In 1083 he was suddenly disgraced and imprisoned on the king's orders. In 1087 King William, when on his death-bed, reluctantly permitted his release. In 1088 he supported the rebellion of Robert Curthose against King William Rufus. In 1096 he went on the 1st Crusade. EUDES, Bishop of Bayeux, died in Jan. 1097 while visiting Sicily, and was buried in Palermo Cathedral. By an unknown mistress, he had one illegitimate son, John. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 2 (1819): 26 (Odonis [Eudes], Bishop of Bayeux, styled "fratris regis" [brother of the king]). Bulkeley La Hougue Bie de Hambie 2 (1837): 245-247 (Odonis [Eudes], Bishop of Bayeux styled "brother" [fratris] by King William the Conqueror in charter dated 1074). Stapleton Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ 1(1840): lxxviii-lxxix (Guillaume, seigneur of La Ferte, styled "nephew (or kinsman)" of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux" [nepos domini Odonis Baiocensis episcopi]): 274-275), 2 (1844): clxxxii-clxxxiii. Munford Analysis of the Domesday Book of the County of Norfolk (1858): 5-7. Hardwick Historia Monasterii S. Augustini Cantuariensis (Rolls Ser.) (1858): 351 (Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent styled "fratris" by King William the Conqueror in undated charter). Delisle & Pussy Mémoires & Notes de M. Auguste Le Prevost 3 (1869): 301. Planche The Conqueror & his Companions 1 (1874): 88-107 (biog. of Odo, Bishop of Bayeux and Earl of Kent). Revue Catholique d’Histoire, d'Archéologie et Litterature de Normandie 1re Année (1891) 273-283 (charter dated 1093 of Guillaume, seigneur of La Ferte "nepos" [i.e., nephew/grandson/kinsman] of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux [nepos domni Odonis Baiocensis episcopi]) (author also includes an ancient list of obits for members of La Ferte family, among which is the following: "x kalendas junii [23 May], obiit Willelmus filius, nepos episcopi Baiocensis."; for another publication of the same list of obits, see Lettere originali del Medioevo latino (VII-XI sec.): 1. Francia (Arles, Blois, Marseille, Montauban, Tours) (2004): 126, 133). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 421 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "2 Jan. [Obiit] Odo episcopus."), 700. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 8 (1901): 525-526. D.N.B. 14 (1908): 869-871 (biog. of Odo, Bishop of Bayeux and Earl of Kent). Arch. Cantiana 39 (1927): 55-75. Douglas Domesday Monachorum (1944): 33-36. Bull Société des Antiquaires de Normandie 53 (1957): 484 (includes Pancarte of Saint-Fromond which records the donation of Robert "nepos" of Bishop Eudes: "De dono Roberti nepotis Odonis episcopi totam decimam de Riveria."). Analecta Bollandiana 79 (1961): 314, footnote 4 ("Bernard écrit après la mort du successeur d'Hugues II, Eudes ou Odon Ier de Conteville, décédé en 1097. Notre auteur di qu'il a été informé de tout ce qui touche à la translation des reliques à Bayeux par le neveu d'Eudes, Odon de Saint-Samson: Haec omnia cum adhuc adolescentulus essem, vir piissimus et devotissimus iam monachus, Odo de Sancto Samsone … prædicti nobilissimi præsulis Odonis amantissimus nepos"). D. Bates "Herluin de Conteville et sa famille" in Annales de Normandie 23 (1973): 21-38, esp. 22,33 ("Enfin, seront passés en revue le éléments d'information relatifs à deux hommes, l’un et l’autre qualifiés de nepos Odonis Baiocensis episcopi … D'autres membres de la famille d'Herluin furent protégés et patronnés par Eude: il s'agit de deux hommes, qualifiés de nepos Odonis Baiocensis episcopi, qui apparaissent à Bayeux. Le plus obscur s'appelait Eude de Saint-Samson, præsulis Odonis amantissimus nepos, et fut l’informateur de Bernard, chanoine de la cathédrale de Bayeux et auteur du récit de la translation des reliques des saints Raven et Rasiphe. ll est connu uniquement par cette source. ... Robert nepos episcopi qui apparait comme officier royal dans le Sussex et le Northamptonshire en 1131. L'identification est solide. Les dons de Robert à Saint-Fromond le rattachent à la famille des principaux bienfaiteurs du prieure, celle du Hommet … Il n'y a pas de preuve décisive que Robert nepos episcopi ait été plutôt le petit-fils que le neveu d'Eude."). Speculum 50 (1975): 1-20. Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 467. Bates and Gazeau "L'Abbaye de Grestain & la Fam. d'Herluin de Conteville," in Annales de Normandie 40 (1990): 5-30. Gameson Study of the Bayeux Tapestry (1997): 68 ("Bishop Odo of Bayeux ... an ambitious, acquisitive and arrogant baron-prelate"). Bennett Campaigns of the Norman Conquest (2001): 76-77. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.). Harper-Bill & Vincent Henry II: New Interpretations (2007): 109-110 ("Amongst the king's most substantial gifts were his grants to Richard du Hommet, his constable in Normandy, from the honour of Gifford. Richard is a classic case of a 'new' man with 'old' blood. He was apparently descended in the male line from the great Bishop Odo of Bayeux, and through his mother from an earlier line of lords of Le Hommet-d'Arthenay near Saint-Lo."), 110 footnote 1 ["Thomas Stapleton (MRSN, ii, pp. clxxx-clxxxvii) argued that Richard [du Hommet] was descended from Bishop Odo, as the son of a Robert nepos episcopi and the heiress of an earlier Hommet family; cf. Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus in Turn Londinensi Asservati, ed. T. D. Hardy (Record Commission 1835), 199-200... D. Bates, 'Notes sur l’aristocratie normande, Annales de Normande, 23 (1973), 7-38, at 33-7, accepts Stapleton's theories on the basis of an act ... for the Hommet foundation of Saint-Fromond: it expressly refers to Robert as nepos 0donis episcopi and shows him making grants near Le Hommet to the priory, and it identifies Richard the constable as a nepos of William du Hommet (fl. 1066 x 1083). See L. Musset, 'Les Origines du prieuré de St-Fromond: Un Acte negligô de Richard II,' BSAN, 53 (1955-56), 475-488, at 484; cf. Bates, Regesta, no. 92, for the earlier family of Le Hommet.].
Illegitimate son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent:
a. JOHN, a royal chaplain. Stapleton Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ 2 (1844): clxxidi-clxxxiii (author assumes Robert styled "nepos Episcopi," of La Rivière in Normandy [and Bonby, Great Limber, and Stallingborough, Lincolnshire] was the son of John, son of Bishop Eudes, thus making Robert a grandson of Bishop Eudes) [N.B.: The Latin word "nepos" in this time period can mean grandson, nephew, or kinsman]. Hardwick Historia Monasterii S. Augustini Cantuariensis (Rolls Ser.) (1858): 351 (Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent styled "fratris" by King William the Conqueror in undated charter). Planche The Conqueror & his Companions 1 (1874): 88-107 (biog. of Odo, Bishop of Bayeux and Earl of Kent). Freeman Reign of William Rufus & the Acccession of Henry the First 2 (1882): 488. English Hist. Rev. 16 (1901): 721-730 (John of Bayeux [son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent] styled "royal chaplain and kinsman" [clericus nobilis et Regis consanguineus] of King Henry I of England in narrative in Cartulary of St. John's Abbey, Colchester, Essex dated c.1119). Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 8 (1901): 525-526. Johnson et al. Regesta Regum Anglo-Nonnannorum, 1066-1154 2 (1956): 148 (John [son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent], a royal chaplain, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of King Henry I of England in charter dated 1117-19).
ii. ROBERT, Count of Mortain (in Cotentin), Domesday lord of Pitstone and West Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, Blisland, Boyton, Lancarffe, Poundstock, Treroosel, and Truthwall, Cornwall, Bere Fetters, Bolberry, Bratton Fleming, Buckland Brewer, Densham, Dunsdon, Fardel, and Weare Giffard, Devon, Ashill, Barton St. David, Bishopston, Brompton Regis, Bruton, Crewkeme, Curry Rivel, Kingstone, Shepton Montague, Stoke sub Hamdon, Swell, and Tintinhill, Somerset, etc., born about 1040. He was an uterine half-brother of King William the Conqueror. He was created a count about 1060. He married (1st) before 1066 MAUD DE MONTGOMERY, daughter of Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury, by his 1st wife, Mabel, daughter and heiress of William, seigneur of Alençon and Bellême. Her maritagium included the seigneurie of Sainte-Scolasse. They had one son, William [Count of Mortain], and four daughters, Agnes, Denise (wife of Guy III, seigneur of Laval), Emma (wife of William IV, Count of Toulouse), and Sibylle [Abbess of Saintes]. About 1082 he and his wife, Maud, founded a collegiate church at St. Evroult at Mortain. His wife, Maud, died 21 Sept. 1082, and was buried in Grestain Abbey. He married (2nd) ALMODIS ___. They had one son, Robert. In the period, 1082-84, he granted land in Dorset to Marmoutier Abbey at Tours. He joined the rebellion against King William Rufus in 1088, which was soon put down. He was a benefactor of many religious houses, including the abbeys of Grestain, Marmoutier, Caen, Preaux, Fécamp, Mont-St-Michel, St-Nicholas, Angers and St. Albans. ROBERT, Count of Mortain, died 8 Dec. 1090. L'Art de Vérifier les Dates 2 (1784): 790 (sub Montgomeri). Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesia Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 214 ("Nomina quae in Kalendario (supra Tr. 5.) occurrunt XI. Kal. Octobr. [21 Septernber] - Obiit Mathildis Comitissa deMoretonio."). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(2) (1830): 1090-1091 (Robert, Count of Mortain, styled "brother" [fratris] of King William the Conqueror in charter dated 1189). Guerard Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Benin (Coll. des Cartulaires de France 3) (1840): 462-463 (Count Robert, brother of the King [i.e., King William the Conqueror] witness to doc, dated c.1066-87). Le Prevost Notes pour servir a la Topographie et a l'Histoire des Communes du Département de l'Eure (1849): 30-31 (charter dated April 1066 witnessed by William, Duke of Normandy, his wife, Maud, and his "brother" [fratris], Robert). Desroches Annales civiles, militaires et genealogiques du Pays d'Avranches (1856): 58. Munford Analysis of the Domesday Book of the County of Norfolk (1858): 7-8. Delisle Rouleaux des Morts du IXe au XV Siècle (1866): 207-208, 289-290. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1(1872): 319 ("Siquidem Robertus, comes Moritonii, uterinus frater Willermi regis qui regnum Anglia subjugavit, habuit unum filium Guillermum, qui ei successit ... et tres filias, quarum unam duxit Andreas de Vitreio, aliam Guido de Laval, terciam comes Tolosanus, frater Raimundi comitis Sancti qui in expeditione Ierosolirnitana viriliter se habuit. Genuit autem ex ea comes Tolosanus unam solummodo filiam, quam Guillermus, comes Pictavensis et dux Aquitanorum, mortuo patre prædictæ puellæ, cum hereditate propria, scilicet urbe Tolosa et comitatu Tolosano, duxit uxorem; ex qua genuit idem Guillermus filium Guillermum nomine, qui ei successit, qui pater fuit Alienor, reginæ Anglorum."). Planché The Conqueror & his Companions 1 (1874): 107-116 (biog. of Robert, Comte de Mortain and Earl of Cornwall). Le Fizelier Memoire chronologique de Maucourt de Borrolly sur la Ville de Lava/1 (1886): 122-128. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 583 (Ex Obtuario Ecclesiæ Moretoniensis: "8. Dec. Obiit Robertus comes Moretonii fundator istius ecclesiæ"). Two Cartularies of the Augustinian Priory of Bruton & Chiniac Priory of Montacute (Somerset Rec. Soc. 8) (1894): 119-120 (foundation charter of William, Count of Mortain for Montacute Cartulary dated 1102; charter names his parents, Count Robert and Countess Matilda). Round Cal. of Docs. Preserved in France 918-1206 (1899): 108, 256 (charter of Robert, Count of Mortain dated ?1085), 256-257 (charter of Robert, Count of Mortain and Almodis his wife dated 1087-91), 359, 433. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 8 (1901): 525-526. Breard L'Abbaye de Notre-Dame de Grestain (1904). Rpt. & Trans. of the Devonshire Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, Lit. & Art 2nd Ser. 8 (1906): 338-339. D.N.B. 13 (1909): 1014 (biog. of Robert of Mortain, Count of Mortain). VCH Somerset 2 (1911): 111-115. C.P. 3 (1913): 427-428 (sub Cornwall). Douglas Domesday Monachorum (1944): 33-36. Hull Cartulary of St. Michael's Mount (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 5) (1962): 3-4. Douglas William the Conqueror (1964). D. Bates "Herluin de Conteville et sa famille" in Annales de Normandie 23 (1973): 21-38. Brown Anglo-Norman Studies III (1981): 74-75. Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987): 2-4 (charter of Robert, Count of Mortain, Earl of Cornwall brother [frater] of William King of the English, and Maud his wife dated 1076). Bates and Gazeau `L'Abbaye de Grestain & la Famine d'Herluin de Conteville,' in Annales de Normandie 40 (1990): 5-30. Anglo-Norman Studies 13 (1991): 119-144. Haskins Soc. Jour. 3 (1991): 161-162. Bates & Curry England & Normandy in the Middle Ages (1994): 136-137. Cownie Religious Patronage in Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1135 (1998): 197-199. Fleming Domesday Book & the Law (1998). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.).
Children of Robert, Count of Mortain, by Maud de Montgomery:
a. AGNES OF MORTAIN, married ANDRÉ [I] DE VITRÉ, seigneur of Vitré in Brittany [see MORTAIN 2].
b. EMMA OF MORTAIN, married WILLIAM IV, Count of Toulouse [see AQUITAINE 2].”
iii. MURIEL OF CONTEVILLE, married EUDES FITZ TURSTIN (also known as EUDES AU CHAPEL), Vicomte of the Cotentin), steward to William, Duke of Normandy (afterwards William the Conqueror, King of England), son of Turstin, or Richard, Haldup, of La Haye-du-Puits, founder de Lessay Abbey. They had no issue. He is mentioned about 1060 in a charter by which Duke William gave land at Bernières to the Cathedral of Bayeux. Bulkeley La Hougue Bie de Hambie 1 (1837): 153-159. Taylor Master Wace: His Chronicle of the Norman Conquest (1837): 102, footnote 6 ("Historians have not mentioned an uterine sister of William, called Muriel ...Wace's account of Muriel is confirmed from other sources. It would seem to have been to her, then a widow - ad Muriel sanctimonialem - sister of Odo, bishop of Bayeux - ... that the poet Serlon, the canon of Bayeux ... addressed his verses de capra Bajocensium civitate. The baron here called Iwun-al-Chapel seems to be Eudo de Capello - du manteau, or capuchon - son of Turstain Halduc and Emma his wife, and subscribing himself Eudo Haldub in a charter of 1074. Mem. Ant. Norm. viii. 436. He was dapifer to duke William; although not the Eudo dapifer of Domesday, who was son of Hubert de Rie. He was head of the house of Haie-du-Puits in the Cotentin, and undoubtedly married a Muriel, as appears by the charters of Lessay, whether she were a daughter of Herluin or not. The estates of Eudo went to his nephew, which confirms Wace's account of his having no issue. See the Lessay charters in Dugdale and Gallia Christiana, and our subsequent note on Haie."), 235-236. Delisle Hist. du Chateau et des Sires de Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte (1867): 22-24, 27. Freeman Hist. of the Norman Conquest of England 2 (1873): 415 ("[Herleva] had also a daughter by Herlwin, named Muriel, who has naturally been confounded with William's other sister Adelaide. Wace says (Roman de Rou, 11145), 'Ki à fame avait Muriel, Seror li Dus de par sa mere E Herluin aveit a pere."). Lincolnshire Notes & Queries 6 (1901): 111-115. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 8 (1901): 525-526. Brown Anglo-Norman Studies X (1988): 82, 161, footnote 15 ("Wace is correct in identifying Duke William's half-sister as Eudo's wife, see Gallia Christiana, xi, instr., 228a (pancarte of Lessay Abbey, founded by Eudo au Chapel and his father Turstin, or Richard, Haldup"). For the latter, see Fauroux, nos. 99, 167, 231 and Gallia Christiana, xi, instr., 225a. He was a benefactor of Cérisy, an abbey well-known to Wace, who gives reliable amd unique information about it, see C.H. Haskins, Norman Institutions, New York 1918, 269-272. For Eudo, vicomte of the Cotentin and steward, see Fauroux, no. 219; L. Musset, Les Actes de Guillaume le Conquérant et la Reine Mathilde pour les Abbayes Caennaises, Caen, 1967, nos. 7, 8, 11, 18, 19 and 22; Regesta, i. xxiii, nos. 75, 119, 121, 132, 142, 150, 168, 199, 342; Orderic, ii, 124."). Bates & Curry England & Normandy in the Middle Ages (1994): 118 ("Lessay is one of the few relevant buildings with apparently clear documentary evidence ... In 1089 Eudo Capellanus, son of the founder, was buried in the choir."). Burgess Hist. of the Norman People: Wace's Roman de Ron (2004): xxxv, 158 ("He [William the Conqueror] summoned Odo au Chapel, whose wife was Muriel, the duke's sister by his mother; her father was Herluin. I do not know whether a child was born from them, but I never heard of one.").” 		of Lens, Judith (I6094)
 
6316 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“JUDITH OF LENS, born about 1054. She married after January 1070 WALTHEOF, Earl of Northumberland, lord of Potton, Bedfordshire, Waltharnstow, Essex, Conington, Leighton Bromswold, Little Catford, and Sawtry, Huntingdonshire, Barnack, East Farndon, Fotheringay, Harringworth, and Lilford, Northamptonshire, etc., son and heir of Siward, Earl of Northumberland, by Ælfflaed, daughter of Earl Ealdred. They had two daughters, Maud [Queen of Scotland] and Alice. He was still young at the death of his father in 1055. He was active against the Norman in the northern counties and especially at York in 1069. In 1070 he made his peace with King William the Conqueror. He occurs as one of the witnesses to King William's charter to Wells dated 1068. He was present at the marriage of Ralph de Wader at Exning, Cambridgeshire, where the guests entered into a conspiracy against the king. In this he was to some slight extent implicated, but acting on the advise of Archbishop Lanfranc, he crossed over to Normandy to the king, and disclosed the matter to him. The conspiracy having been crushed, the king kept Waltheof with him. But he was accused by his wife, Judith, of more than a mere knowledge of the plot. After a year's deliberation, during which he was imprisoned at Winchester, Waltheof was executed at Winchester, Hampshire 31 May 1075 (or 1076). Two weeks afterwards the king allowed his body to be removed to Croyland Abbey, Lincolnshire, where the abbot buried him in the chapterhouse; his remains were subsequently translated into the church near the altar. At an unknown date, Judith was granted the manor of Elstow, Bedfordshire by her uncle, King William the Conqueror. Sometime prior to 1086, she founded a nunnery at Elstow and endowed it with the vill. She was living in 1086, and presumably died about 1090.
Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 159 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1076: "Walthevus Comes decollatus est."). Lysons Environs of London 1(2) (1811): 699-700. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 522-523. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. illus. the Hist. of Scotland 1 (1837): 100-101 xxx (Cronica Canonicorum Beate Marie Huntingdon: "David qui regnavit et duxit Matildam Comitissam Huntingd' neptem Willelmi Regis Anglorum filiam Ivette que fuit filia Lamberti de Louns Comitis."). Col. Top. et Gen. 6 (1840): 261-265. Edwards Liber Monasterii de Hyda (Rolls Ser. 45) (1866): 294-295 (Judith [of Lens], wife of Earl Waltheof, styled "king's kinswoman" [consanguineam regis] [i.e., kinswoman of King William the Conqueror]). Freeman Hist. of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 813-815 (re. connection of Earl Waltheof with conspiracy of Ralph). Remarks & Colls. of Thomas Hearne 3 (Oxford Hist. Soc.) (1889): 104 (ped. chart). Searle Ingulf & the Historia Croylandensis (1894): 104-110 (biog. of Earl Waltheof, the martyr). Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 8 (1901): 525-526. Rutland Mag. & County Hist. Rec. 3 (1908): 97-106, 129-137. VCH Bedford 2 (1908): 237-242; 3 (1912): 280-281, 296-305. Pubs. of Bedfordshire Hist. Rec. Soc. 9 (1925): 23-34. VCH Northampton 3 (1930): 227-231. VCH Huntingdon 3 (1936): 86-92, 144-151, 203-212. Arch. Aeliana 30 (1952): 200-201. Giles Vita et Passio Waldevi comitis in Original Lives of Anglo-Saxons and others who lived before the Conquest (Caxton Soc. 16) (1954): 1-30. Offler Durham Episcopal Charters 1071-1152 (1968): 2, 5, 6, 16n, 27, 30-31, 39-47. VCH Essex 6 (1973): 253-263. VCH Cambridge 6 (1978): 177-182. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XI.227, XII.398-XII.399. Schwennicke Europaische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 621 (sub Boulogne). Bower Scotichronicon 3 (1995): 64-65 & 126-127 (instances of Judith, wife of Earl Waltheof, styled "niece" [neptis] of King William the Conqueror). Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigny 2 (1995): 270-273 (Deeds of the Norman Dukes: "Waltheof had three daughters by his wife [Judith], a daughter of the countess of Aumâle, who was a uterine sister of William the elder, king of the English. Simon de Senlis married another of Earl Waltheof’s daughters and received with her the earldom of Huntingdon. He had by her a son called Simon. After the death of Earl Simon, David, brother of secundae Maud, queen of the English, married his widow, by whom he had one son. After the death of his brothers Duncan and Alexander, kings of Scots, he became king. Another of Waltheof’s daughters, Judith [recte Alice], married Rodolf de Toeny, as we have already mentioned. The third daughter [recte granddaughter] was married by Robert Fitz Richard, as we have also mentioned above."). William The English & the Norman Conquest (1995). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 290 (chart).
Children of Judith of Lens, by Waltheof of Northumberland:
i. MAUD OF NORTHUMBERLAND [see next].
ii. ALICE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, married RALPH DE TONY, of Flamstead, Hertfordshire [see TONY 3].”

2. From Wikipedia accessed 1 Sep 2019
"Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria
"Waltheof of Northumbria" redirects here. For the earlier earl of that name, see Waltheof of Bamburgh.
Waltheof
Earl of Northumbria
Reign: 1072–1076
Predecessor: Cospatrick of Northumbria
Successor: William Walcher
Died: 31 May 1076
St. Giles's Hill, Winchester
Buried: Croyland Abbey
Spouse(s): Judith of Lens
Issue
Maud, Countess of Huntingdon
Adelise
Father Siward, Earl of Northumbria
Mother Ælfflaed
Waltheof, 1st Earl of Northumbria (died 31 May 1076) was the last of the Anglo-Saxon earls and the only English aristocrat to be executed during the reign of William I.
Early life
Waltheof was the second son of Siward, Earl of Northumbria. His mother was Aelfflaed, daughter of Ealdred, Earl of Bernicia, son of Uhtred, Earl of Northumbria. In 1054, Waltheof's brother, Osbearn, who was much older than he, was killed in battle, making Waltheof his father's heir. Siward himself died in 1055, and Waltheof being far too young to succeed as Earl of Northumbria, King Edward appointed Tostig Godwinson to the earldom.
Waltheof was said to be devout and charitable and was probably educated for a monastic life. Around 1065, however, he became an earl, governing Northamptonshire and Huntingdonshire. Following the Battle of Hastings he submitted to William and was allowed to keep his pre-Conquest title and possessions. He remained at William's court until 1068.
First revolt
When Sweyn II invaded Northern England in 1069, Waltheof and Edgar Aetheling joined the Danes and took part in the attack on York. He would again make a fresh submission to William after the departure of the invaders in 1070. He was restored to his earldom, and went on to marry William's niece, Judith of Lens. In 1072, he was appointed Earl of Northampton.
The Domesday Book mentions Waltheof ("Walleff"): "'In Hallam ("Halun"), one manor with its sixteen hamlets, there are twenty-nine carucates [~14 km²] to be taxed. There Earl Waltheof had an "Aula" [hall or court]. There may have been about twenty ploughs. This land Roger de Busli holds of the Countess Judith." (Hallam, or Hallamshire, is now part of the city of Sheffield)
In 1072, William expelled Gospatric from the earldom of Northumbria. Gospatric was Waltheof's cousin and had taken part in the attack on York with him, but like Waltheof, had been pardoned by William. Gospatric fled into exile and William appointed Waltheof as the new earl.
Waltheof had many enemies in the north. Amongst them were members of a family who had killed Waltheof's maternal great-grandfather, Uchtred the Bold, and his grandfather Ealdred. This was part of a long-running blood feud. In 1074, Waltheof moved against the family by sending his retainers to ambush them, succeeding in killing the two eldest of four brothers.
Second revolt and death
In 1075 Waltheof joined the Revolt of the Earls against William. His motives for taking part in the revolt are unclear, as is the depth of his involvement. However he repented, confessing his guilt first to Archbishop Lanfranc and then in person to William, who was at the time in Normandy. He returned to England with William but was arrested, brought twice before the king's court and sentenced to death.
He spent almost a year in confinement before being beheaded on 31 May 1076 at St. Giles's Hill, near Winchester. He was said to have spent the months of his captivity in prayer and fasting. Many people believed in his innocence and were surprised when the execution was carried out. His body was initially thrown into a ditch, but was later retrieved and buried in the chapter house of Crowland Abbey in Lincolnshire.
Cult of martyrdom
[Image of stone statue with the following explanation:] Statue traditionally identified as Waltheof, at Croyland Abbey, west front of ruined nave, 4th tier
In 1092, after a fire in the chapter house, the abbot had Waltheof's body moved to a prominent place in the abbey church. When the coffin was opened, it is reported that the corpse was found to be intact with the severed head re-joined to the trunk.[1] This was regarded as a miracle, and the abbey, which had a financial interest in the matter began to publicise it. As a result, pilgrims began to visit Waltheof's tomb. He was commemorated on 31 August.[2][3]
After a few years healing miracles were reputed to occur in the vicinity of Waltheof's tomb, often involving the restoration of the pilgrim's lost sight.
Waltheof also became the subject of popular media, heroic but inaccurate accounts of his life being preserved in the Vita et Passio Waldevi comitis, a Middle English Waltheof saga, since lost, and the Anglo-Norman Waldef.
Family and children
In 1070 Waltheof married Judith de Lens, daughter of Lambert II, Count of Lens and Adelaide of Normandy, Countess of Aumale. They had three children, the eldest of whom, Maud, brought the earldom of Huntingdon to her second husband, David I of Scotland, and another, Adelise, married the Anglo-Norman noble Raoul III of Tosny.
One of Waltheof's grandsons was Waltheof (d. 1159), abbot of Melrose.
In popular culture
Waltheof was portrayed by actor Marcus Gilbert in the TV drama Blood Royal: William the Conqueror (1990).
Waltheof is the subject of Juliet Dymoke's 1970 historical novel Of the Ring of Earls
Waltheof is a major character in Elizabeth Chadwick's 2002 historical novel The Winter Mantle
Waltheof is a character in Parke Godwin's 1991 historical novel Sherwood
References
1. Webb, Diana Pilgrimage in Medieval England Hambledon and London 2000 pp32-3 ISBN 185285250X
2. "Den hellige Waldef av Croyland ( -1076)". Den katolske kirke. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
3. Farmer, David (14 April 2011). The Oxford Dictionary of Saints, Fifth Edition Revised. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 31 August 2017 – via Google Books.
Sources
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Waltheof". Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Chronicle of Britain ISBN 1-872031-35-8
Hunt, William (1899). "Waltheof (d.1076)" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. 58. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
Lewis, C. P. "Waltheof, earl of Northumbria (c.1050–1076)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28646.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
External links
Waltheof 2 at Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England"

3. Website "English Monarchs" http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/vikings_18.html accessed 1 Sep 2019:
"Siward Earl of Northumbria, d. 1055
The larger than life figure of Siward, earl of Northumbria first appears on the pages of history in the year 1033, when he stood as a witness in a charter by King Canute for Archbishop Ælfric of York.
Siward is generally considered to be of Danish stock, the 'Vita Ædwardi Regis', which was compiled by an anonymous author circa 1067 and commissioned by Queen Edith, the widow of King Edward the Confessor, records that Siward's nickname was 'Digri', or 'Digara', deriving from the Danish Diger meaning 'the Stout', or 'the Strong'. The biography of Siward's son Waltheof, states that Siward was the son of a Scandinavian earl named Bjorn. A legend preserved in the twelfth century claims that Bjorn was descended from the union of a lady and a white bear.
Siward grew to be powerful figure in the north of England during the reign of King Canute the Great, a formidable Viking warrior who conquered England and made himself king in the first decade of the eleventh century. Siward was one of many Danes who arrived in England in the wake of Canute's conquest of the country, although the date and context of his arrival in England are not known.
He succeeded Erik of Hlathir, earl of Northumbria, as ruler of southern Northumbria between 1023 and 1033. Siward then entrenched his position in northern England by marrying Ælfflæd, the daughter of Ealdred, Earl of Bamburgh and granddaughter of Uhtred the Bold. After slaying Ealdred's successor Eadulf in 1041, Siward acquired control of all of Northumbria. He was delegated authority in England by the king while Canute was otherwise occupied in his Scandinavian territories.
On the death of Canute in 1035, the throne was siezed by his illegitimate son Harold Harefoot. Canute's legitimate son Hardicanute was in Denmark at the time of his father's death, his involvement in a war against King Magnus I of Norway resulted in his not being able to secure his claim to the throne of England. As Hardicanute was preparing an invasion of England, Harold died in 1040 and was succeeded by his brother. Hardicanute's first act on arriving in his new kingdom, was to have his half-brother Harold's body disinterred, beheaded and slung into a marsh, causing outrage amongst churchmen. Siward appears as 'Sywardus Comes' in 1038, as witness to a charter of King Hardicanute to the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds. He further witnessed a confirmation granted by Harthacnut to Fécamp Abbey, between 1040 and 1042. Hardicanute reigned in England for but two years dying in 1042, like his half-brother, he met his end in the throes of a fit, incurred during a riotous drinking bout at Clapham.
Hardicanute was succeeded by Saxon half-brother Edward the Confessor. Siward was to become one of the Confessor's most powerful supporters. On 16 November 1043, Siward, Godwine Earl of Wessex and Leofric Earl of Mercia, aided the king against his mother, Emma of Normandy.
Edward's attitude to Emma was cold and reserved. He resented her second marriage to his father's rival, King Canute, and Emma's preference for her children by Canute over himself and his brother, Alfred. Edward complained that his mother had "done less for him than he wanted before he became king, and also afterwards". He confiscated her considerable wealth and then went on to accuse his mother of treason, it was claimed that Emma had incited King Magnus of Norway to attack England.
Along with Earl Leofric and Ralph the Timid, Earl of Hereford, Siward assisted the king to combat a rebellion by the powerful Earl Godwine and his sons in 1051 which resulted in the exile of Godwine. Godwine returned to England in 1052. Siward further extended his influence in the south, bringing the shire of Northampton under his control in the 1040s and Huntingdon in the 1050s.
In 1039 or 1040, the Scottish king Duncan I invaded Northumbria and lay siege to the town of Durham. Within a year, he was killed by King Macbeth, who after defeating him in battle, succeeded to the throne of Scotland. The elder of Duncan's sons, Malcolm, enlisted the aid of Edward the Confessor. The twelfth century Annals of Lindisfarne and Durham, record that in the year 1046 -
Earl Siward with a great army came to Scotland, and expelled king Mac Bethad, and appointed another; but after his departure Mac Bethad recovered his kingdom'
Siward met Macbeth in battle to the north of the Firth of Forth, the battle is variously referred to as the "Battle of the Seven Sleepers" or the "Battle of Dunsinane", although the earliest reference to Dunsinane as the location occurs in the early fifteenth century by Andrew of Wyntoun. The earliest contemporary English account of the battle is recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. The battle, in which the Annals of Ulster report 3,000 Scots and 1,500 English died, was fierce and bloody, Siward's eldest son, Osbjorn and his son-in-law were among the dead.
"Around this time Siward, the mighty earl of Northumbria, almost a giant in stature, very strong mentally and physically, sent his son to conquer Scotland. When they came back and reported to his father that he had been killed in battle, he asked 'Did he receive his fatal wound in the front or the back of his body?' The messengers said 'In the front'. Then he said, 'That makes me very happy, for I consider no other death worthy for me or my son'. Then Siward set out for Scotland, and defeated the king in battle, destroyed the whole realm, and having destroyed it, subjected it to himself" --the Historia Anglorum of Henry of Huntingdon.
The great warrior Earl Siward, reported by contemporaries to be a giant of a man in stature, died not in battle, but much to his disdain, in his bed, of dysentry in 1055, during which he bemoaned the fact that instead of dying in one of the many battles he had fought in, he was forced to die like a cow. He insisted on being dressed in his battle armour, with helmet on his head and axe and shield in hand so he could end his days like a warrior and thus attired went to meet his maker.
'Siward, the stalwart earl, being stricken by dysentery, felt that death was near, and said, "How shameful it is that I, who could not die in so many battles, should have been saved for the ignominious death of a cow! At least clothe me in my impenetrable breastplate, gird me with my sword, place my helmet on my head, my shield in my left hand, my gilded battle-axe in my right, that I, the bravest of soldiers, may die like a soldier." He spoke, and armed as he had requested, he gave up his spirit with honour' The Historia Anglorum, Henry of Huntingdon.
The Vita Ædwardi Regis records that Siward died at York and was buried in "the monastery of St Olaf" at Galmanho, which is confirmed by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, John of Worcester, and the Historia Regum.
One of Siward's sons is known to have survived him, Waltheof, whose mother was Ælfflæd. As Waltheof was at the time of his father's death still a young child, King Edward the Confessor appointed Tostig Godwineson, the unruly brother of Harold Godwineson (the future Harold II) as Earl of Northumbria. Waltheof later however became Earl of Northumbria, destined to become the last of the Anglo-Saxon earls, he joined a rebellion against William the Conqueror, and was betrayed by his wife Judith of Lens and executed in May 1076.
Waltheof's daughter, Maud of Huntingdon married David I, King of the Scots, the son of Malcolm Canmore and through this marriage Siward was to became the ancestor of later Scottish and English monarchs." 		Waltheof (I6093)
 
6317 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LEONARD HASTINGS, Knt., of Kirby Moxloe, Braunstone, Fleckney, Kilby, Newton, Harcourt, and Wistow, Leicestershire, Burton Hastings, Warwickshire, Slingsby, Colton, Houthorp, etc., Yorkshire, etc., Justice of the Peace for Leicestershire, 1448-55, Sheriff of Warwickshire and Leicestershire, 1453 1, Knight of the Shire for Leicestershire, 1455, 3rd son, born about 1396 (aged 40 in 1436). He married ALICE CAMOYS, daughter of Thomas Camoys, K.G., Lord Camoys, by his 1st wife, Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of William de Louches [see CAMOYS 8 for her ancestry]. They had four sons, William, K.G. [1st Lord Hastings], Richard, Knt. [Lord Welles and Willoughby], Ralph, Knt., and Thomas, and three daughters, Elizabeth, Anne (wife of Thomas Ferrers, Esq.), and Joan (wife of John Brokesby, Esq.). He served in the retinue of Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. In 1424 he served as attorney in Ireland for William, Lord Botreaux. He was heir in 1436 to his older brother, Richard Hastings, Knt. He was again in France in 1/111. He was a retainer of Richard, Duke of York. SIR LEONARD HASTINGS died 20 October 1455. He left a will dated 8 October 1455. His widow, Alice, was living 1 Feb. 1455/6.
Nichols Hist. & Antiqs. of Leicester 3(2) (1804): 607-608 (Hastings ped.). Brydges Collins' Peerage of England 6 (1812): 643-690 (sub Lord Hastings). Bell Huntingdon Peerage (1821): 1-13. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 279-280 (will of Leonard Hastings). Nicolas Hist. of the Battle of Agincourt (1827): 10, 124. Curtis Top. Hist. of Leicester (1831): 83, 87, 101, 133, 188, 195-197. Nicolas Controversy between Scrope & Grosvenor 2 (1832): 283-285. List of Sheriff's for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 145. Poynton Romance of Ashby-de-la-Zouch Castle (1902). Brooke Slingsby & Slingsly Castle (1904). Notes & Queries 10th Ser. 7 (1907): 509-510. D.N.B. 9 (1908): 148-149 (biog. of William Hastings). C.P.R. 1446-1452 (1909): 298, 412, 590. C.P.R. 1452-1461 (1910): 669. Ruvigny and Raineval Plantagenet Roll: Mortimer-Percy 1 (1911): vii (states in error that Alice Camoys, wife of Leonard Hastings, was the daughter of Elizabeth Mortimer). Clay Extinct & Dormant Peerages (1913): 99-105 (sub Hastings). Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Peds. (1925): foll. 56 (Hastings ped.). CP. 6 (1926): 385 (sub Hastings). Rpt. on the MSS of Reginald Rawdon Hastings, Esq. 1 (Hist. MSS Comm. 78) (1928): 3, 11, 21, 44, 142, 158, 196, 295, 300, 301. Papal Regs.: Letters 13(2) (1955): 687-693 (abs. of dispensation dated 1479 regarding the marriage of Edward Hastings and Mary Hungerford, which record proves that Edward Hastings' paternal grandmother, Alice Camoys, was not the daughter of Elizabeth Mortimer as sometimes claimed in print. Alice Camoys was actually Elizabeth Mortimer's step-daughter; see, for example, Benolte et al. Vis. of Sussex 1330, 1633-4 (H.S.P. 53) (1905): 25-30 (Lewknor ped.), which identifies Alice's mother as her father's 1st wife, Elizabeth Louches, not his 2nd wife, Elizabeth Mortimer]. Had Alice Camoys been Elizabeth Mortimer's daughter, a 3rd degree of kinship would have existed between Edward and Mary. Such near kinship would surely have been mentioned in the dispensation if such a relationship actually existed). Acheson Gentry Community (1992): 234-235. Nelson Monstrous Adversary (2003): 10.
Children of Leonard Hastings, Knt., by Alice Camoys:
i. WILLIAM HASTINGS, KG., Lord Hastings [see next].
ii. RICHARD HASTINGS, Knt., Lord Hastings of Welles (or Lord Welles), afterwards Lord Willoughby, married (1st) JOAN WELLES [see WELLES 131b]; (2nd) JOAN ROMONDBYE [see WELLES 13.i.b].
iii. RALPH HASTINGS, Knt., of Harrowden, Northamptonshire, and, in right of his wife, of Wanstead, Essex, Woolwich, Kent, etc., joint Keeper of Rockingham Castle, 1461, Keeper of the Lions and Leopards in the Tower, King's esquire, Controller of Customs at Lynn, 1470, Controller of Petty Customs in the Port of London, 1470, Sheriff of Northamptonshire, 1471, Knight of the Shire for Northamptonshire, 1472, Lieutenant of Guines, 1474-83, Escheator of Yorkshire, 1477, Knight of the Body, Captain of Calais, Steward of Eyton Park, 3rd son. He married AMY TATTERSHALL, daughter and co-heiress of John Tattershall, Esq., of Woolwich, Kent, and Wanstead, Essex, by Agnes, daughter of John Chicheley, Chamberlain of London. They had six daughters, Florence, Margery (wife of John Pole), Elizabeth (wife of John Longueville, Knt.), Isabel (wife of John Dyve, Knt.), Katherine (wife of William Norwich), and Amy. He was granted an annuity of 50 marks for life by the king in 1461. In 1462 he was granted the manor of Harrowden, Northamptonshire, which had been forfeited by William Vaux, Knt. He presented to the church of Wilby, Northamptonshire in 1467 and 1479. He fought at the Battle of Barnet 14 April 1471. He was knighted at the Battle of Tewkesbury 4 May 1471. In 1472 he and his brother, William Hastings, were licensed to found a guild in the parish of St. Gregory the Pope, Northampton, Northamptonshire. In 1475 he was with the army in France. In 1483 he was granted an annuity of £40 from the revenues of Calais. SIR RALPH HASTINGS left a will dated 17 Sept. 1495, proved 1 Dec. 1495. Bridges Hist. Antiqs. of Northamptonshire 2 (1791): 155. Lysons Environs of London 4 (1796): 558-569. Hasted Hist. & Top. Survey of Kent 1 (1797): 471-472. Nichols Hist. et' Antiqs. of Leicester3(2) (1804): 607-608 (Hastings ped.). Bell Huntingdon Peerage (1821): 1-13. Nicolas Testamenta Vettata 2 (1826): 421 (will of Sir Ralph Hastings). Ireland New & Complete Hist. of the County of Kent 4 (1830): 655 Top. & Gen. 1(1846): 159-160. Fenn & Ramsay Parton Letters (1859): 114 (letter of William Hastings to John Paston III dated 26 April, 147? mentions William Hastings' brother, Sir Ralph Hastings). Fenn & Ramsay Paston Letters (1859): 114. Burke Royal Descents & Peds. of Founders' Kin (1864): i. Harvey etal. Vis. of Bedfordshire 1566, 1382, 1634 & 1669 (H.S.P. 19) (1884): 21-23 (1566 Vie.) (Dyve ped.). List of Sheriffs for England 6 - Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 93. Gairdner Paston Letters 5 (1904): 203-206 (John Paston III styled "cousin" by Sir Ralph Hastings in letter dated 9 May, ?1474). Home Counties Mag. 9 (1907): 47. Clay Extinct & Dormant Peerages (1913): 99-105 (sub Hastings). Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Pedr. (1925): foil. 56 (Hastings ped.). 'Thrupp Merchant Class of Medieval London (1948): 369. Davis Parton Letters & Papers of the 15th Coll 2 (1976): 410-411 (John Paston III styled "cousin" by Sir Ralph Hastings in letter dated 9 May, probably 1483).
Child of Ralph Hastings, Knt., by Amy Tattershall:
a. FLORENCE HASTINGS, married (1st) EDMUND GREY, Knt., 9th Lord Grey of Wilton [see WILTON 15]; (2nd) RICHARD BRETT, Gent., of Bletchley, Buckinghamshire [see WILTON 15].
iv. ELIZABETH HASTINGS, married before 1465 JOHN DONNE (or DUNN, DWNN), Knt., of Kidwelly, Carmarthenshire, Esquire of the Body, 3rd son of Griffith Donne, of Kidwelly, Carmarthenshire, Lieutenant of Cherbourg, by Janet, daughter of John Scudamore, Knt. They had two sons, Edward, Knt., and Griffith, Knt., and two daughters, Anne (wife of William Reade, Knt.) and Margaret. He and his heirs male were granted the Castle, town, manor, and lordship of Laugharn (or Tallagharn), Carmarthenshire in 1461, with a proviso that he was only to receive £100 a year of the issues of the land granted to him. In 1467-8 there was a similar grant of the same property made to him and his wife, Elizabeth, and his heirs male, without the previous proviso. He was knighted after the Battle of Tewkesbury in 1471. He was a member of the Calais council in 1471. His wife, Elizabeth, was a legatee in the 1481 will of her brother, William Hastings, K.G., 1st Lord Hastings. SIR JOHN DONNE died in 1503. He left a will proved 13 Feb. 1502/3 (P.C.C. Blamyr). His widow, Elizabeth, died in 1508. She left a will dated 1507, proved 15 Feb. 1507/8 (P.C.C. Adeane). Nichols Hist. & Antiqs. of Leicester 3(2) (1804): 607-608 (Hastings ped.). Bell Huntingdon Peerage (1821): 395-399 (will of William Lord Hastings). Gentleman's Mag. (1840): 490-491. Curds Antiqs. of Laugharne (1880): 77-79. C.P.R. 1461-1467 (1897): 430-431. Clay Extinct & Dormant Peerages (1913): 99-105 (sub Hastings). Myers Crown, Household & ParZ (1985): 289. Acheson Gentry Community (1992): 177. Nelson Monstrous Adversary (2003): 10.
Child of Elizabeth Hastings, by John Donne, Knt.:
a. MARGARET DONNE, married (1st) EDWARD TRUSSELL, Gent., of Elmesthorpe, Leicestershire [see SAINT PHILIBERT 15]; (2nd) THOMAS CARDIGAN [see SAINT PHLLIBERT 15].” 		Hastings, Leonard (I6996)
 
6318 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR I, King of Bavaria, 814-817, King of Italy, 822-825, 829-840, Emperor, 833-834, 840-855 (joint emperor from 817), son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born about 795. He married October 821 ERMENGARDE, daughter of Hugues, Count of Tours, by his wife, Ava. They had three sons, Louis (II) [King of Italy, Emperor], Lothair (II) [King of Lorraine], and Charles [King of Provence], and five daughters, Helletrude (or Hiltrude) (wife of Count Berenger), Bertha [Abbess of Avenay], ___ (wife of Giselbert, Count of Masau and Darnau), Gisele [Abbess of San Salvatore, Brescia], Rotnide (probable wife of Lambert II, Count of Nantes). By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, Carlomann. His wife, Ermengarde, died 20 March 851. LOTHAIR I died at Priim monastery in Ardennes 28 (or 29) Sept. 855.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 855. Lotharius imperator 3. Kal. Octob. feliciter obiit."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Poetae Latini Aevu Carolini 2) (1884): 241 ("Epitaphium Hludharii Imperatoris: Continet hic tumulus memorandi Caesaris ossa / Hlotharii magni, principis atque pii. / Qui Francis, Italis, Romanis praefuit ipsis, Omnia sed sprevit, pauper et hinc abiit. / Nam bis tricenos monachus sic attigit annos, / Et se mutavit, ac bene post obiit. / III. Cal. Octob."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 232 (Annales Lobienses: sub A.D. 855: "Lotharius imperator, qui mutato habitu Prumiae monachus factus fuerat, obiit 3. Kal. Octob.; cui aequivocus filius suus Lotharius successerat, qui eo anno Tiethbergam, sororem Hucberti abbatis, duxit uxorem."). Waitz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum (in separate editions) 5 (1883): 45 (Annales Bertiniani sub AD. 855: "Lotharius imperator, morbo correptus vitamque desperans, monasterium Proneae in Arduenna constitutum adiit, seculoque et regno penitus abrenuncians, tonsus est, vitam habitumque monachi humiliter sumens. Dispositoque inter filios, qui secum morabantur, regno, ita ut Lotharius cognomen eius Frandam, Karlus vero Provinciam optinerent, intra sex dies vita decessit quarto Kalendarum Octobrium, atque in eodem monasterio sepulturam, ut desideraverat, consecutus est."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1891) 46 (Annales Fuldenses sub AD. 855: "Hlutharius imperator renuntians omnibus, quae habuit, Prumiense monasterium ingressus effectusque ibi monachaus III. Kal. Octobr. mortalem hominem exuit et ad vitam perrexit aeternam."). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of Lothair I dated AD. 843 - Oval: impression of an antique oval intaglio gem. Bust in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. Perhaps a portrait of Caracalla or Alexander Severus. Legend: + XPE ADIVVA HLOTHARIVM AV[G].). Parisot Royaume de Lorraine sous les Carolingiens (1899). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 53 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 855: "Hlothanus rex moritur, prius factus monachus in monasterio Promie oh peccatum persecutionis paterne."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) III 8. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): III.9, IV.8-IV.15.” 		Carlomann (I7506)
 
6319 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR I, King of Bavaria, 814-817, King of Italy, 822-825, 829-840, Emperor, 833-834, 840-855 (joint emperor from 817), son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born about 795. He married October 821 ERMENGARDE, daughter of Hugues, Count of Tours, by his wife, Ava. They had three sons, Louis (II) [King of Italy, Emperor], Lothair (II) [King of Lorraine], and Charles [King of Provence], and five daughters, Helletrude (or Hiltrude) (wife of Count Berenger), Bertha [Abbess of Avenay], ___ (wife of Giselbert, Count of Masau and Darnau), Gisele [Abbess of San Salvatore, Brescia], Rotnide (probable wife of Lambert II, Count of Nantes). By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, Carlomann. His wife, Ermengarde, died 20 March 851. LOTHAIR I died at Priim monastery in Ardennes 28 (or 29) Sept. 855.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 855. Lotharius imperator 3. Kal. Octob. feliciter obiit."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Poetae Latini Aevu Carolini 2) (1884): 241 ("Epitaphium Hludharii Imperatoris: Continet hic tumulus memorandi Caesaris ossa / Hlotharii magni, principis atque pii. / Qui Francis, Italis, Romanis praefuit ipsis, Omnia sed sprevit, pauper et hinc abiit. / Nam bis tricenos monachus sic attigit annos, / Et se mutavit, ac bene post obiit. / III. Cal. Octob."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 232 (Annales Lobienses: sub A.D. 855: "Lotharius imperator, qui mutato habitu Prumiae monachus factus fuerat, obiit 3. Kal. Octob.; cui aequivocus filius suus Lotharius successerat, qui eo anno Tiethbergam, sororem Hucberti abbatis, duxit uxorem."). Waitz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum (in separate editions) 5 (1883): 45 (Annales Bertiniani sub AD. 855: "Lotharius imperator, morbo correptus vitamque desperans, monasterium Proneae in Arduenna constitutum adiit, seculoque et regno penitus abrenuncians, tonsus est, vitam habitumque monachi humiliter sumens. Dispositoque inter filios, qui secum morabantur, regno, ita ut Lotharius cognomen eius Frandam, Karlus vero Provinciam optinerent, intra sex dies vita decessit quarto Kalendarum Octobrium, atque in eodem monasterio sepulturam, ut desideraverat, consecutus est."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1891) 46 (Annales Fuldenses sub AD. 855: "Hlutharius imperator renuntians omnibus, quae habuit, Prumiense monasterium ingressus effectusque ibi monachaus III. Kal. Octobr. mortalem hominem exuit et ad vitam perrexit aeternam."). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of Lothair I dated AD. 843 - Oval: impression of an antique oval intaglio gem. Bust in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. Perhaps a portrait of Caracalla or Alexander Severus. Legend: + XPE ADIVVA HLOTHARIVM AV[G].). Parisot Royaume de Lorraine sous les Carolingiens (1899). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 53 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 855: "Hlothanus rex moritur, prius factus monachus in monasterio Promie oh peccatum persecutionis paterne."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) III 8. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): III.9, IV.8-IV.15.” 		Bérenger, (Count) (I7505)
 
6320 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR I, King of Bavaria, 814-817, King of Italy, 822-825, 829-840, Emperor, 833-834, 840-855 (joint emperor from 817), son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born about 795. He married October 821 ERMENGARDE, daughter of Hugues, Count of Tours, by his wife, Ava. They had three sons, Louis (II) [King of Italy, Emperor], Lothair (II) [King of Lorraine], and Charles [King of Provence], and five daughters, Helletrude (or Hiltrude) (wife of Count Berenger), Bertha [Abbess of Avenay], ___ (wife of Giselbert, Count of Masau and Darnau), Gisele [Abbess of San Salvatore, Brescia], Rotnide (probable wife of Lambert II, Count of Nantes). By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, Carlomann. His wife, Ermengarde, died 20 March 851. LOTHAIR I died at Priim monastery in Ardennes 28 (or 29) Sept. 855.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 855. Lotharius imperator 3. Kal. Octob. feliciter obiit."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Poetae Latini Aevu Carolini 2) (1884): 241 ("Epitaphium Hludharii Imperatoris: Continet hic tumulus memorandi Caesaris ossa / Hlotharii magni, principis atque pii. / Qui Francis, Italis, Romanis praefuit ipsis, Omnia sed sprevit, pauper et hinc abiit. / Nam bis tricenos monachus sic attigit annos, / Et se mutavit, ac bene post obiit. / III. Cal. Octob."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 232 (Annales Lobienses: sub A.D. 855: "Lotharius imperator, qui mutato habitu Prumiae monachus factus fuerat, obiit 3. Kal. Octob.; cui aequivocus filius suus Lotharius successerat, qui eo anno Tiethbergam, sororem Hucberti abbatis, duxit uxorem."). Waitz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum (in separate editions) 5 (1883): 45 (Annales Bertiniani sub AD. 855: "Lotharius imperator, morbo correptus vitamque desperans, monasterium Proneae in Arduenna constitutum adiit, seculoque et regno penitus abrenuncians, tonsus est, vitam habitumque monachi humiliter sumens. Dispositoque inter filios, qui secum morabantur, regno, ita ut Lotharius cognomen eius Frandam, Karlus vero Provinciam optinerent, intra sex dies vita decessit quarto Kalendarum Octobrium, atque in eodem monasterio sepulturam, ut desideraverat, consecutus est."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1891) 46 (Annales Fuldenses sub AD. 855: "Hlutharius imperator renuntians omnibus, quae habuit, Prumiense monasterium ingressus effectusque ibi monachaus III. Kal. Octobr. mortalem hominem exuit et ad vitam perrexit aeternam."). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of Lothair I dated AD. 843 - Oval: impression of an antique oval intaglio gem. Bust in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. Perhaps a portrait of Caracalla or Alexander Severus. Legend: + XPE ADIVVA HLOTHARIVM AV[G].). Parisot Royaume de Lorraine sous les Carolingiens (1899). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 53 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 855: "Hlothanus rex moritur, prius factus monachus in monasterio Promie oh peccatum persecutionis paterne."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) III 8. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): III.9, IV.8-IV.15.” 		Giselbert (I7504)
 
6321 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR I, King of Bavaria, 814-817, King of Italy, 822-825, 829-840, Emperor, 833-834, 840-855 (joint emperor from 817), son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born about 795. He married October 821 ERMENGARDE, daughter of Hugues, Count of Tours, by his wife, Ava. They had three sons, Louis (II) [King of Italy, Emperor], Lothair (II) [King of Lorraine], and Charles [King of Provence], and five daughters, Helletrude (or Hiltrude) (wife of Count Berenger), Bertha [Abbess of Avenay], ___ (wife of Giselbert, Count of Masau and Darnau), Gisele [Abbess of San Salvatore, Brescia], Rotnide (probable wife of Lambert II, Count of Nantes). By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, Carlomann. His wife, Ermengarde, died 20 March 851. LOTHAIR I died at Priim monastery in Ardennes 28 (or 29) Sept. 855.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 855. Lotharius imperator 3. Kal. Octob. feliciter obiit."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Poetae Latini Aevu Carolini 2) (1884): 241 ("Epitaphium Hludharii Imperatoris: Continet hic tumulus memorandi Caesaris ossa / Hlotharii magni, principis atque pii. / Qui Francis, Italis, Romanis praefuit ipsis, Omnia sed sprevit, pauper et hinc abiit. / Nam bis tricenos monachus sic attigit annos, / Et se mutavit, ac bene post obiit. / III. Cal. Octob."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 232 (Annales Lobienses: sub A.D. 855: "Lotharius imperator, qui mutato habitu Prumiae monachus factus fuerat, obiit 3. Kal. Octob.; cui aequivocus filius suus Lotharius successerat, qui eo anno Tiethbergam, sororem Hucberti abbatis, duxit uxorem."). Waitz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum (in separate editions) 5 (1883): 45 (Annales Bertiniani sub AD. 855: "Lotharius imperator, morbo correptus vitamque desperans, monasterium Proneae in Arduenna constitutum adiit, seculoque et regno penitus abrenuncians, tonsus est, vitam habitumque monachi humiliter sumens. Dispositoque inter filios, qui secum morabantur, regno, ita ut Lotharius cognomen eius Frandam, Karlus vero Provinciam optinerent, intra sex dies vita decessit quarto Kalendarum Octobrium, atque in eodem monasterio sepulturam, ut desideraverat, consecutus est."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1891) 46 (Annales Fuldenses sub AD. 855: "Hlutharius imperator renuntians omnibus, quae habuit, Prumiense monasterium ingressus effectusque ibi monachaus III. Kal. Octobr. mortalem hominem exuit et ad vitam perrexit aeternam."). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of Lothair I dated AD. 843 - Oval: impression of an antique oval intaglio gem. Bust in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. Perhaps a portrait of Caracalla or Alexander Severus. Legend: + XPE ADIVVA HLOTHARIVM AV[G].). Parisot Royaume de Lorraine sous les Carolingiens (1899). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 53 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 855: "Hlothanus rex moritur, prius factus monachus in monasterio Promie oh peccatum persecutionis paterne."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) III 8. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): III.9, IV.8-IV.15.” 		Lambert II (I7503)
 
6322 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR I, King of Bavaria, 814-817, King of Italy, 822-825, 829-840, Emperor, 833-834, 840-855 (joint emperor from 817), son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born about 795. He married October 821 ERMENGARDE, daughter of Hugues, Count of Tours, by his wife, Ava. They had three sons, Louis (II) [King of Italy, Emperor], Lothair (II) [King of Lorraine], and Charles [King of Provence], and five daughters, Helletrude (or Hiltrude) (wife of Count Berenger), Bertha [Abbess of Avenay], ___ (wife of Giselbert, Count of Masau and Darnau), Gisele [Abbess of San Salvatore, Brescia], Rotnide (probable wife of Lambert II, Count of Nantes). By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, Carlomann. His wife, Ermengarde, died 20 March 851. LOTHAIR I died at Priim monastery in Ardennes 28 (or 29) Sept. 855.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 855. Lotharius imperator 3. Kal. Octob. feliciter obiit."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Poetae Latini Aevu Carolini 2) (1884): 241 ("Epitaphium Hludharii Imperatoris: Continet hic tumulus memorandi Caesaris ossa / Hlotharii magni, principis atque pii. / Qui Francis, Italis, Romanis praefuit ipsis, Omnia sed sprevit, pauper et hinc abiit. / Nam bis tricenos monachus sic attigit annos, / Et se mutavit, ac bene post obiit. / III. Cal. Octob."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 232 (Annales Lobienses: sub A.D. 855: "Lotharius imperator, qui mutato habitu Prumiae monachus factus fuerat, obiit 3. Kal. Octob.; cui aequivocus filius suus Lotharius successerat, qui eo anno Tiethbergam, sororem Hucberti abbatis, duxit uxorem."). Waitz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum (in separate editions) 5 (1883): 45 (Annales Bertiniani sub AD. 855: "Lotharius imperator, morbo correptus vitamque desperans, monasterium Proneae in Arduenna constitutum adiit, seculoque et regno penitus abrenuncians, tonsus est, vitam habitumque monachi humiliter sumens. Dispositoque inter filios, qui secum morabantur, regno, ita ut Lotharius cognomen eius Frandam, Karlus vero Provinciam optinerent, intra sex dies vita decessit quarto Kalendarum Octobrium, atque in eodem monasterio sepulturam, ut desideraverat, consecutus est."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1891) 46 (Annales Fuldenses sub AD. 855: "Hlutharius imperator renuntians omnibus, quae habuit, Prumiense monasterium ingressus effectusque ibi monachaus III. Kal. Octobr. mortalem hominem exuit et ad vitam perrexit aeternam."). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of Lothair I dated AD. 843 - Oval: impression of an antique oval intaglio gem. Bust in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. Perhaps a portrait of Caracalla or Alexander Severus. Legend: + XPE ADIVVA HLOTHARIVM AV[G].). Parisot Royaume de Lorraine sous les Carolingiens (1899). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 53 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 855: "Hlothanus rex moritur, prius factus monachus in monasterio Promie oh peccatum persecutionis paterne."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) III 8. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): III.9, IV.8-IV.15.” 		Rotrude (I7502)
 
6323 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR I, King of Bavaria, 814-817, King of Italy, 822-825, 829-840, Emperor, 833-834, 840-855 (joint emperor from 817), son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born about 795. He married October 821 ERMENGARDE, daughter of Hugues, Count of Tours, by his wife, Ava. They had three sons, Louis (II) [King of Italy, Emperor], Lothair (II) [King of Lorraine], and Charles [King of Provence], and five daughters, Helletrude (or Hiltrude) (wife of Count Berenger), Bertha [Abbess of Avenay], ___ (wife of Giselbert, Count of Masau and Darnau), Gisele [Abbess of San Salvatore, Brescia], Rotnide (probable wife of Lambert II, Count of Nantes). By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, Carlomann. His wife, Ermengarde, died 20 March 851. LOTHAIR I died at Priim monastery in Ardennes 28 (or 29) Sept. 855.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 855. Lotharius imperator 3. Kal. Octob. feliciter obiit."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Poetae Latini Aevu Carolini 2) (1884): 241 ("Epitaphium Hludharii Imperatoris: Continet hic tumulus memorandi Caesaris ossa / Hlotharii magni, principis atque pii. / Qui Francis, Italis, Romanis praefuit ipsis, Omnia sed sprevit, pauper et hinc abiit. / Nam bis tricenos monachus sic attigit annos, / Et se mutavit, ac bene post obiit. / III. Cal. Octob."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 232 (Annales Lobienses: sub A.D. 855: "Lotharius imperator, qui mutato habitu Prumiae monachus factus fuerat, obiit 3. Kal. Octob.; cui aequivocus filius suus Lotharius successerat, qui eo anno Tiethbergam, sororem Hucberti abbatis, duxit uxorem."). Waitz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum (in separate editions) 5 (1883): 45 (Annales Bertiniani sub AD. 855: "Lotharius imperator, morbo correptus vitamque desperans, monasterium Proneae in Arduenna constitutum adiit, seculoque et regno penitus abrenuncians, tonsus est, vitam habitumque monachi humiliter sumens. Dispositoque inter filios, qui secum morabantur, regno, ita ut Lotharius cognomen eius Frandam, Karlus vero Provinciam optinerent, intra sex dies vita decessit quarto Kalendarum Octobrium, atque in eodem monasterio sepulturam, ut desideraverat, consecutus est."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1891) 46 (Annales Fuldenses sub AD. 855: "Hlutharius imperator renuntians omnibus, quae habuit, Prumiense monasterium ingressus effectusque ibi monachaus III. Kal. Octobr. mortalem hominem exuit et ad vitam perrexit aeternam."). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of Lothair I dated AD. 843 - Oval: impression of an antique oval intaglio gem. Bust in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. Perhaps a portrait of Caracalla or Alexander Severus. Legend: + XPE ADIVVA HLOTHARIVM AV[G].). Parisot Royaume de Lorraine sous les Carolingiens (1899). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 53 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 855: "Hlothanus rex moritur, prius factus monachus in monasterio Promie oh peccatum persecutionis paterne."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) III 8. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): III.9, IV.8-IV.15.” 		Gisèle (I7501)
 
6324 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR I, King of Bavaria, 814-817, King of Italy, 822-825, 829-840, Emperor, 833-834, 840-855 (joint emperor from 817), son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born about 795. He married October 821 ERMENGARDE, daughter of Hugues, Count of Tours, by his wife, Ava. They had three sons, Louis (II) [King of Italy, Emperor], Lothair (II) [King of Lorraine], and Charles [King of Provence], and five daughters, Helletrude (or Hiltrude) (wife of Count Berenger), Bertha [Abbess of Avenay], ___ (wife of Giselbert, Count of Masau and Darnau), Gisele [Abbess of San Salvatore, Brescia], Rotnide (probable wife of Lambert II, Count of Nantes). By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, Carlomann. His wife, Ermengarde, died 20 March 851. LOTHAIR I died at Priim monastery in Ardennes 28 (or 29) Sept. 855.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 855. Lotharius imperator 3. Kal. Octob. feliciter obiit."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Poetae Latini Aevu Carolini 2) (1884): 241 ("Epitaphium Hludharii Imperatoris: Continet hic tumulus memorandi Caesaris ossa / Hlotharii magni, principis atque pii. / Qui Francis, Italis, Romanis praefuit ipsis, Omnia sed sprevit, pauper et hinc abiit. / Nam bis tricenos monachus sic attigit annos, / Et se mutavit, ac bene post obiit. / III. Cal. Octob."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 232 (Annales Lobienses: sub A.D. 855: "Lotharius imperator, qui mutato habitu Prumiae monachus factus fuerat, obiit 3. Kal. Octob.; cui aequivocus filius suus Lotharius successerat, qui eo anno Tiethbergam, sororem Hucberti abbatis, duxit uxorem."). Waitz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum (in separate editions) 5 (1883): 45 (Annales Bertiniani sub AD. 855: "Lotharius imperator, morbo correptus vitamque desperans, monasterium Proneae in Arduenna constitutum adiit, seculoque et regno penitus abrenuncians, tonsus est, vitam habitumque monachi humiliter sumens. Dispositoque inter filios, qui secum morabantur, regno, ita ut Lotharius cognomen eius Frandam, Karlus vero Provinciam optinerent, intra sex dies vita decessit quarto Kalendarum Octobrium, atque in eodem monasterio sepulturam, ut desideraverat, consecutus est."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1891) 46 (Annales Fuldenses sub AD. 855: "Hlutharius imperator renuntians omnibus, quae habuit, Prumiense monasterium ingressus effectusque ibi monachaus III. Kal. Octobr. mortalem hominem exuit et ad vitam perrexit aeternam."). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of Lothair I dated AD. 843 - Oval: impression of an antique oval intaglio gem. Bust in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. Perhaps a portrait of Caracalla or Alexander Severus. Legend: + XPE ADIVVA HLOTHARIVM AV[G].). Parisot Royaume de Lorraine sous les Carolingiens (1899). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 53 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 855: "Hlothanus rex moritur, prius factus monachus in monasterio Promie oh peccatum persecutionis paterne."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) III 8. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): III.9, IV.8-IV.15.” 		of Italy (I7500)
 
6325 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR I, King of Bavaria, 814-817, King of Italy, 822-825, 829-840, Emperor, 833-834, 840-855 (joint emperor from 817), son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born about 795. He married October 821 ERMENGARDE, daughter of Hugues, Count of Tours, by his wife, Ava. They had three sons, Louis (II) [King of Italy, Emperor], Lothair (II) [King of Lorraine], and Charles [King of Provence], and five daughters, Helletrude (or Hiltrude) (wife of Count Berenger), Bertha [Abbess of Avenay], ___ (wife of Giselbert, Count of Masau and Darnau), Gisele [Abbess of San Salvatore, Brescia], Rotnide (probable wife of Lambert II, Count of Nantes). By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, Carlomann. His wife, Ermengarde, died 20 March 851. LOTHAIR I died at Priim monastery in Ardennes 28 (or 29) Sept. 855.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 855. Lotharius imperator 3. Kal. Octob. feliciter obiit."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Poetae Latini Aevu Carolini 2) (1884): 241 ("Epitaphium Hludharii Imperatoris: Continet hic tumulus memorandi Caesaris ossa / Hlotharii magni, principis atque pii. / Qui Francis, Italis, Romanis praefuit ipsis, Omnia sed sprevit, pauper et hinc abiit. / Nam bis tricenos monachus sic attigit annos, / Et se mutavit, ac bene post obiit. / III. Cal. Octob."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 232 (Annales Lobienses: sub A.D. 855: "Lotharius imperator, qui mutato habitu Prumiae monachus factus fuerat, obiit 3. Kal. Octob.; cui aequivocus filius suus Lotharius successerat, qui eo anno Tiethbergam, sororem Hucberti abbatis, duxit uxorem."). Waitz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum (in separate editions) 5 (1883): 45 (Annales Bertiniani sub AD. 855: "Lotharius imperator, morbo correptus vitamque desperans, monasterium Proneae in Arduenna constitutum adiit, seculoque et regno penitus abrenuncians, tonsus est, vitam habitumque monachi humiliter sumens. Dispositoque inter filios, qui secum morabantur, regno, ita ut Lotharius cognomen eius Frandam, Karlus vero Provinciam optinerent, intra sex dies vita decessit quarto Kalendarum Octobrium, atque in eodem monasterio sepulturam, ut desideraverat, consecutus est."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1891) 46 (Annales Fuldenses sub AD. 855: "Hlutharius imperator renuntians omnibus, quae habuit, Prumiense monasterium ingressus effectusque ibi monachaus III. Kal. Octobr. mortalem hominem exuit et ad vitam perrexit aeternam."). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of Lothair I dated AD. 843 - Oval: impression of an antique oval intaglio gem. Bust in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. Perhaps a portrait of Caracalla or Alexander Severus. Legend: + XPE ADIVVA HLOTHARIVM AV[G].). Parisot Royaume de Lorraine sous les Carolingiens (1899). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 53 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 855: "Hlothanus rex moritur, prius factus monachus in monasterio Promie oh peccatum persecutionis paterne."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) III 8. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): III.9, IV.8-IV.15.” 		Bertha (I7499)
 
6326 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR I, King of Bavaria, 814-817, King of Italy, 822-825, 829-840, Emperor, 833-834, 840-855 (joint emperor from 817), son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born about 795. He married October 821 ERMENGARDE, daughter of Hugues, Count of Tours, by his wife, Ava. They had three sons, Louis (II) [King of Italy, Emperor], Lothair (II) [King of Lorraine], and Charles [King of Provence], and five daughters, Helletrude (or Hiltrude) (wife of Count Berenger), Bertha [Abbess of Avenay], ___ (wife of Giselbert, Count of Masau and Darnau), Gisele [Abbess of San Salvatore, Brescia], Rotnide (probable wife of Lambert II, Count of Nantes). By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, Carlomann. His wife, Ermengarde, died 20 March 851. LOTHAIR I died at Priim monastery in Ardennes 28 (or 29) Sept. 855.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 855. Lotharius imperator 3. Kal. Octob. feliciter obiit."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Poetae Latini Aevu Carolini 2) (1884): 241 ("Epitaphium Hludharii Imperatoris: Continet hic tumulus memorandi Caesaris ossa / Hlotharii magni, principis atque pii. / Qui Francis, Italis, Romanis praefuit ipsis, Omnia sed sprevit, pauper et hinc abiit. / Nam bis tricenos monachus sic attigit annos, / Et se mutavit, ac bene post obiit. / III. Cal. Octob."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 232 (Annales Lobienses: sub A.D. 855: "Lotharius imperator, qui mutato habitu Prumiae monachus factus fuerat, obiit 3. Kal. Octob.; cui aequivocus filius suus Lotharius successerat, qui eo anno Tiethbergam, sororem Hucberti abbatis, duxit uxorem."). Waitz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum (in separate editions) 5 (1883): 45 (Annales Bertiniani sub AD. 855: "Lotharius imperator, morbo correptus vitamque desperans, monasterium Proneae in Arduenna constitutum adiit, seculoque et regno penitus abrenuncians, tonsus est, vitam habitumque monachi humiliter sumens. Dispositoque inter filios, qui secum morabantur, regno, ita ut Lotharius cognomen eius Frandam, Karlus vero Provinciam optinerent, intra sex dies vita decessit quarto Kalendarum Octobrium, atque in eodem monasterio sepulturam, ut desideraverat, consecutus est."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1891) 46 (Annales Fuldenses sub AD. 855: "Hlutharius imperator renuntians omnibus, quae habuit, Prumiense monasterium ingressus effectusque ibi monachaus III. Kal. Octobr. mortalem hominem exuit et ad vitam perrexit aeternam."). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of Lothair I dated AD. 843 - Oval: impression of an antique oval intaglio gem. Bust in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. Perhaps a portrait of Caracalla or Alexander Severus. Legend: + XPE ADIVVA HLOTHARIVM AV[G].). Parisot Royaume de Lorraine sous les Carolingiens (1899). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 53 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 855: "Hlothanus rex moritur, prius factus monachus in monasterio Promie oh peccatum persecutionis paterne."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) III 8. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): III.9, IV.8-IV.15.” 		Helletrude (I7498)
 
6327 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR I, King of Bavaria, 814-817, King of Italy, 822-825, 829-840, Emperor, 833-834, 840-855 (joint emperor from 817), son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born about 795. He married October 821 ERMENGARDE, daughter of Hugues, Count of Tours, by his wife, Ava. They had three sons, Louis (II) [King of Italy, Emperor], Lothair (II) [King of Lorraine], and Charles [King of Provence], and five daughters, Helletrude (or Hiltrude) (wife of Count Berenger), Bertha [Abbess of Avenay], ___ (wife of Giselbert, Count of Masau and Darnau), Gisele [Abbess of San Salvatore, Brescia], Rotnide (probable wife of Lambert II, Count of Nantes). By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, Carlomann. His wife, Ermengarde, died 20 March 851. LOTHAIR I died at Priim monastery in Ardennes 28 (or 29) Sept. 855.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 855. Lotharius imperator 3. Kal. Octob. feliciter obiit."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Poetae Latini Aevu Carolini 2) (1884): 241 ("Epitaphium Hludharii Imperatoris: Continet hic tumulus memorandi Caesaris ossa / Hlotharii magni, principis atque pii. / Qui Francis, Italis, Romanis praefuit ipsis, Omnia sed sprevit, pauper et hinc abiit. / Nam bis tricenos monachus sic attigit annos, / Et se mutavit, ac bene post obiit. / III. Cal. Octob."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 232 (Annales Lobienses: sub A.D. 855: "Lotharius imperator, qui mutato habitu Prumiae monachus factus fuerat, obiit 3. Kal. Octob.; cui aequivocus filius suus Lotharius successerat, qui eo anno Tiethbergam, sororem Hucberti abbatis, duxit uxorem."). Waitz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum (in separate editions) 5 (1883): 45 (Annales Bertiniani sub AD. 855: "Lotharius imperator, morbo correptus vitamque desperans, monasterium Proneae in Arduenna constitutum adiit, seculoque et regno penitus abrenuncians, tonsus est, vitam habitumque monachi humiliter sumens. Dispositoque inter filios, qui secum morabantur, regno, ita ut Lotharius cognomen eius Frandam, Karlus vero Provinciam optinerent, intra sex dies vita decessit quarto Kalendarum Octobrium, atque in eodem monasterio sepulturam, ut desideraverat, consecutus est."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1891) 46 (Annales Fuldenses sub AD. 855: "Hlutharius imperator renuntians omnibus, quae habuit, Prumiense monasterium ingressus effectusque ibi monachaus III. Kal. Octobr. mortalem hominem exuit et ad vitam perrexit aeternam."). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of Lothair I dated AD. 843 - Oval: impression of an antique oval intaglio gem. Bust in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. Perhaps a portrait of Caracalla or Alexander Severus. Legend: + XPE ADIVVA HLOTHARIVM AV[G].). Parisot Royaume de Lorraine sous les Carolingiens (1899). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 53 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 855: "Hlothanus rex moritur, prius factus monachus in monasterio Promie oh peccatum persecutionis paterne."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) III 8. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): III.9, IV.8-IV.15.” 		Charles (I7497)
 
6328 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR I, King of Bavaria, 814-817, King of Italy, 822-825, 829-840, Emperor, 833-834, 840-855 (joint emperor from 817), son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born about 795. He married October 821 ERMENGARDE, daughter of Hugues, Count of Tours, by his wife, Ava. They had three sons, Louis (II) [King of Italy, Emperor], Lothair (II) [King of Lorraine], and Charles [King of Provence], and five daughters, Helletrude (or Hiltrude) (wife of Count Berenger), Bertha [Abbess of Avenay], ___ (wife of Giselbert, Count of Masau and Darnau), Gisele [Abbess of San Salvatore, Brescia], Rotnide (probable wife of Lambert II, Count of Nantes). By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, Carlomann. His wife, Ermengarde, died 20 March 851. LOTHAIR I died at Priim monastery in Ardennes 28 (or 29) Sept. 855.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 855. Lotharius imperator 3. Kal. Octob. feliciter obiit."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Poetae Latini Aevu Carolini 2) (1884): 241 ("Epitaphium Hludharii Imperatoris: Continet hic tumulus memorandi Caesaris ossa / Hlotharii magni, principis atque pii. / Qui Francis, Italis, Romanis praefuit ipsis, Omnia sed sprevit, pauper et hinc abiit. / Nam bis tricenos monachus sic attigit annos, / Et se mutavit, ac bene post obiit. / III. Cal. Octob."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 232 (Annales Lobienses: sub A.D. 855: "Lotharius imperator, qui mutato habitu Prumiae monachus factus fuerat, obiit 3. Kal. Octob.; cui aequivocus filius suus Lotharius successerat, qui eo anno Tiethbergam, sororem Hucberti abbatis, duxit uxorem."). Waitz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum (in separate editions) 5 (1883): 45 (Annales Bertiniani sub AD. 855: "Lotharius imperator, morbo correptus vitamque desperans, monasterium Proneae in Arduenna constitutum adiit, seculoque et regno penitus abrenuncians, tonsus est, vitam habitumque monachi humiliter sumens. Dispositoque inter filios, qui secum morabantur, regno, ita ut Lotharius cognomen eius Frandam, Karlus vero Provinciam optinerent, intra sex dies vita decessit quarto Kalendarum Octobrium, atque in eodem monasterio sepulturam, ut desideraverat, consecutus est."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1891) 46 (Annales Fuldenses sub AD. 855: "Hlutharius imperator renuntians omnibus, quae habuit, Prumiense monasterium ingressus effectusque ibi monachaus III. Kal. Octobr. mortalem hominem exuit et ad vitam perrexit aeternam."). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of Lothair I dated AD. 843 - Oval: impression of an antique oval intaglio gem. Bust in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. Perhaps a portrait of Caracalla or Alexander Severus. Legend: + XPE ADIVVA HLOTHARIVM AV[G].). Parisot Royaume de Lorraine sous les Carolingiens (1899). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 53 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 855: "Hlothanus rex moritur, prius factus monachus in monasterio Promie oh peccatum persecutionis paterne."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) III 8. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): III.9, IV.8-IV.15.” 		Louis II (I7495)
 
6329 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR I, King of Bavaria, 814-817, King of Italy, 822-825, 829-840, Emperor, 833-834, 840-855 (joint emperor from 817), son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born about 795. He married October 821 ERMENGARDE, daughter of Hugues, Count of Tours, by his wife, Ava. They had three sons, Louis (II) [King of Italy, Emperor], Lothair (II) [King of Lorraine], and Charles [King of Provence], and five daughters, Helletrude (or Hiltrude) (wife of Count Berenger), Bertha [Abbess of Avenay], ___ (wife of Giselbert, Count of Masau and Darnau), Gisele [Abbess of San Salvatore, Brescia], Rotnide (probable wife of Lambert II, Count of Nantes). By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, Carlomann. His wife, Ermengarde, died 20 March 851. LOTHAIR I died at Priim monastery in Ardennes 28 (or 29) Sept. 855.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 855. Lotharius imperator 3. Kal. Octob. feliciter obiit."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Poetae Latini Aevu Carolini 2) (1884): 241 ("Epitaphium Hludharii Imperatoris: Continet hic tumulus memorandi Caesaris ossa / Hlotharii magni, principis atque pii. / Qui Francis, Italis, Romanis praefuit ipsis, Omnia sed sprevit, pauper et hinc abiit. / Nam bis tricenos monachus sic attigit annos, / Et se mutavit, ac bene post obiit. / III. Cal. Octob."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 232 (Annales Lobienses: sub A.D. 855: "Lotharius imperator, qui mutato habitu Prumiae monachus factus fuerat, obiit 3. Kal. Octob.; cui aequivocus filius suus Lotharius successerat, qui eo anno Tiethbergam, sororem Hucberti abbatis, duxit uxorem."). Waitz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum (in separate editions) 5 (1883): 45 (Annales Bertiniani sub AD. 855: "Lotharius imperator, morbo correptus vitamque desperans, monasterium Proneae in Arduenna constitutum adiit, seculoque et regno penitus abrenuncians, tonsus est, vitam habitumque monachi humiliter sumens. Dispositoque inter filios, qui secum morabantur, regno, ita ut Lotharius cognomen eius Frandam, Karlus vero Provinciam optinerent, intra sex dies vita decessit quarto Kalendarum Octobrium, atque in eodem monasterio sepulturam, ut desideraverat, consecutus est."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1891) 46 (Annales Fuldenses sub AD. 855: "Hlutharius imperator renuntians omnibus, quae habuit, Prumiense monasterium ingressus effectusque ibi monachaus III. Kal. Octobr. mortalem hominem exuit et ad vitam perrexit aeternam."). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of Lothair I dated AD. 843 - Oval: impression of an antique oval intaglio gem. Bust in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. Perhaps a portrait of Caracalla or Alexander Severus. Legend: + XPE ADIVVA HLOTHARIVM AV[G].). Parisot Royaume de Lorraine sous les Carolingiens (1899). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 53 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 855: "Hlothanus rex moritur, prius factus monachus in monasterio Promie oh peccatum persecutionis paterne."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) III 8. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): III.9, IV.8-IV.15.” 		of Tours, Ermengarde (I7430)
 
6330 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR I, King of Bavaria, 814-817, King of Italy, 822-825, 829-840, Emperor, 833-834, 840-855 (joint emperor from 817), son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born about 795. He married October 821 ERMENGARDE, daughter of Hugues, Count of Tours, by his wife, Ava. They had three sons, Louis (II) [King of Italy, Emperor], Lothair (II) [King of Lorraine], and Charles [King of Provence], and five daughters, Helletrude (or Hiltrude) (wife of Count Berenger), Bertha [Abbess of Avenay], ___ (wife of Giselbert, Count of Masau and Darnau), Gisele [Abbess of San Salvatore, Brescia], Rotnide (probable wife of Lambert II, Count of Nantes). By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, Carlomann. His wife, Ermengarde, died 20 March 851. LOTHAIR I died at Priim monastery in Ardennes 28 (or 29) Sept. 855.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 855. Lotharius imperator 3. Kal. Octob. feliciter obiit."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Poetae Latini Aevu Carolini 2) (1884): 241 ("Epitaphium Hludharii Imperatoris: Continet hic tumulus memorandi Caesaris ossa / Hlotharii magni, principis atque pii. / Qui Francis, Italis, Romanis praefuit ipsis, Omnia sed sprevit, pauper et hinc abiit. / Nam bis tricenos monachus sic attigit annos, / Et se mutavit, ac bene post obiit. / III. Cal. Octob."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 232 (Annales Lobienses: sub A.D. 855: "Lotharius imperator, qui mutato habitu Prumiae monachus factus fuerat, obiit 3. Kal. Octob.; cui aequivocus filius suus Lotharius successerat, qui eo anno Tiethbergam, sororem Hucberti abbatis, duxit uxorem."). Waitz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum (in separate editions) 5 (1883): 45 (Annales Bertiniani sub AD. 855: "Lotharius imperator, morbo correptus vitamque desperans, monasterium Proneae in Arduenna constitutum adiit, seculoque et regno penitus abrenuncians, tonsus est, vitam habitumque monachi humiliter sumens. Dispositoque inter filios, qui secum morabantur, regno, ita ut Lotharius cognomen eius Frandam, Karlus vero Provinciam optinerent, intra sex dies vita decessit quarto Kalendarum Octobrium, atque in eodem monasterio sepulturam, ut desideraverat, consecutus est."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1891) 46 (Annales Fuldenses sub AD. 855: "Hlutharius imperator renuntians omnibus, quae habuit, Prumiense monasterium ingressus effectusque ibi monachaus III. Kal. Octobr. mortalem hominem exuit et ad vitam perrexit aeternam."). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of Lothair I dated AD. 843 - Oval: impression of an antique oval intaglio gem. Bust in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. Perhaps a portrait of Caracalla or Alexander Severus. Legend: + XPE ADIVVA HLOTHARIVM AV[G].). Parisot Royaume de Lorraine sous les Carolingiens (1899). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 53 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 855: "Hlothanus rex moritur, prius factus monachus in monasterio Promie oh peccatum persecutionis paterne."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) III 8. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): III.9, IV.8-IV.15.”

2. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOUIS the Pious, King of Aquitaine, 781-813, Joint emperor, Emperor, 813-814, 834-840, legitimate son, born at Chasseneuil-du-Poitou in Aquitaine in 778, between 16 April and September. He married (1st) about 794 ERMENGARDE OF HASPENGAU, daughter of Ingram, Count of Haspengau. They had Lothair (I) [King of Bavaria, joint Emperor, Emperor], Pépin (or Pippin) (I) [King of Aquitaine], and Ludwig (II) [King of Bavaria, King of the Eastern Franks], and two daughters, Rotrude and Hildegarde. His wife, Ermengarde, died 3 October 818. He married (2nd) in February 819 JUDITH, daughter of Welf I, Count of Altorf, by his wife, Eigilwi (or Heilwich). She was born about 805. They had one son, Charles the Bald [King of the Western Franks, Emperor], and one daughter, Gisela (wife of Eberhard, Margrave of Friuli). By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, Arnulf. LOUIS the Pious (or LUDWIG der Fromme) died on an island in the Rhine near Ingelheim 20 June 840, and was buried in the church of the abbey of Saint Arnoul at Metz. His widow, Judith, died at Tours 19 April 843.
Viollet Prières et Fragments religieux (1870): 47-63. Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno 840. Ludvicus imperator 12 Kal. Iulii diem obiit."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Necrologia Germaniæ 1) (1888): 275 (Necrologium Augiæ Divitis: "XIII kal. May [19 April] - Judit regina"), 277 (Necrologium Augiæ Divitis: "XI kal. July [21 June] - Hludowicus imperator augustus") Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of Emperor Louis I dated A.D. 816 - Oval: a bust, in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. Legend: + XPE PROTEGE HLVDOVVICVM IMPERATORE.), 112 (undated seal of Emperor Louis I - Oval: bust in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. The drapery fastened on the right shoulder with a button. Legend: + XPE PROTEGE HLVDOVVICVM IMPERATORE.). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 53 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D 840: "Hludowicus imperator moritur."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) II 6. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (sub Die Karolinger); 3(4) (1989): 736 (sub Welfen). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): II.5, III.9-III.15. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993).
Children of Louis I (or Ludwig I), by Ermengarde of Haspengau:
i. LOTHAIR, King of Bavaria, King of Italy, Emperor, married ERMENGARDE OF TOURS [see Line C, Gen. 3].
Children of Louis I (or Ludwig I), by Judith of Altorf:
i. CHARLES II the Bald, King of Neustria, King of the West Franks, King of Italy, Emperor [see next].
ii. GISELA, married EBERHARD, Margrave of Friuli [see Line D, Gen. 3 below].” 		Lothair I (I7419)
 
6331 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR I, King of Bavaria, 814-817, King of Italy, 822-825, 829-840, Emperor, 833-834, 840-855 (joint emperor from 817), son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born about 795. He married October 821 ERMENGARDE, daughter of Hugues, Count of Tours, by his wife, Ava. They had three sons, Louis (II) [King of Italy, Emperor], Lothair (II) [King of Lorraine], and Charles [King of Provence], and five daughters, Helletrude (or Hiltrude) (wife of Count Berenger), Bertha [Abbess of Avenay], ___ (wife of Giselbert, Count of Masau and Darnau), Gisele [Abbess of San Salvatore, Brescia], Rotnide (probable wife of Lambert II, Count of Nantes). By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, Carlomann. His wife, Ermengarde, died 20 March 851. LOTHAIR I died at Priim monastery in Ardennes 28 (or 29) Sept. 855.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 855. Lotharius imperator 3. Kal. Octob. feliciter obiit."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Poetae Latini Aevu Carolini 2) (1884): 241 ("Epitaphium Hludharii Imperatoris: Continet hic tumulus memorandi Caesaris ossa / Hlotharii magni, principis atque pii. / Qui Francis, Italis, Romanis praefuit ipsis, Omnia sed sprevit, pauper et hinc abiit. / Nam bis tricenos monachus sic attigit annos, / Et se mutavit, ac bene post obiit. / III. Cal. Octob."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 232 (Annales Lobienses: sub A.D. 855: "Lotharius imperator, qui mutato habitu Prumiae monachus factus fuerat, obiit 3. Kal. Octob.; cui aequivocus filius suus Lotharius successerat, qui eo anno Tiethbergam, sororem Hucberti abbatis, duxit uxorem."). Waitz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum (in separate editions) 5 (1883): 45 (Annales Bertiniani sub AD. 855: "Lotharius imperator, morbo correptus vitamque desperans, monasterium Proneae in Arduenna constitutum adiit, seculoque et regno penitus abrenuncians, tonsus est, vitam habitumque monachi humiliter sumens. Dispositoque inter filios, qui secum morabantur, regno, ita ut Lotharius cognomen eius Frandam, Karlus vero Provinciam optinerent, intra sex dies vita decessit quarto Kalendarum Octobrium, atque in eodem monasterio sepulturam, ut desideraverat, consecutus est."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1891) 46 (Annales Fuldenses sub AD. 855: "Hlutharius imperator renuntians omnibus, quae habuit, Prumiense monasterium ingressus effectusque ibi monachaus III. Kal. Octobr. mortalem hominem exuit et ad vitam perrexit aeternam."). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of Lothair I dated AD. 843 - Oval: impression of an antique oval intaglio gem. Bust in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. Perhaps a portrait of Caracalla or Alexander Severus. Legend: + XPE ADIVVA HLOTHARIVM AV[G].). Parisot Royaume de Lorraine sous les Carolingiens (1899). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 53 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 855: "Hlothanus rex moritur, prius factus monachus in monasterio Promie oh peccatum persecutionis paterne."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) III 8. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): III.9, IV.8-IV.15.” 		Ava (I7306)
 
6332 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR I, King of Bavaria, 814-817, King of Italy, 822-825, 829-840, Emperor, 833-834, 840-855 (joint emperor from 817), son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born about 795. He married October 821 ERMENGARDE, daughter of Hugues, Count of Tours, by his wife, Ava. They had three sons, Louis (II) [King of Italy, Emperor], Lothair (II) [King of Lorraine], and Charles [King of Provence], and five daughters, Helletrude (or Hiltrude) (wife of Count Berenger), Bertha [Abbess of Avenay], ___ (wife of Giselbert, Count of Masau and Darnau), Gisele [Abbess of San Salvatore, Brescia], Rotnide (probable wife of Lambert II, Count of Nantes). By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, Carlomann. His wife, Ermengarde, died 20 March 851. LOTHAIR I died at Priim monastery in Ardennes 28 (or 29) Sept. 855.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 855. Lotharius imperator 3. Kal. Octob. feliciter obiit."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Poetae Latini Aevu Carolini 2) (1884): 241 ("Epitaphium Hludharii Imperatoris: Continet hic tumulus memorandi Caesaris ossa / Hlotharii magni, principis atque pii. / Qui Francis, Italis, Romanis praefuit ipsis, Omnia sed sprevit, pauper et hinc abiit. / Nam bis tricenos monachus sic attigit annos, / Et se mutavit, ac bene post obiit. / III. Cal. Octob."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 232 (Annales Lobienses: sub A.D. 855: "Lotharius imperator, qui mutato habitu Prumiae monachus factus fuerat, obiit 3. Kal. Octob.; cui aequivocus filius suus Lotharius successerat, qui eo anno Tiethbergam, sororem Hucberti abbatis, duxit uxorem."). Waitz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum (in separate editions) 5 (1883): 45 (Annales Bertiniani sub AD. 855: "Lotharius imperator, morbo correptus vitamque desperans, monasterium Proneae in Arduenna constitutum adiit, seculoque et regno penitus abrenuncians, tonsus est, vitam habitumque monachi humiliter sumens. Dispositoque inter filios, qui secum morabantur, regno, ita ut Lotharius cognomen eius Frandam, Karlus vero Provinciam optinerent, intra sex dies vita decessit quarto Kalendarum Octobrium, atque in eodem monasterio sepulturam, ut desideraverat, consecutus est."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1891) 46 (Annales Fuldenses sub AD. 855: "Hlutharius imperator renuntians omnibus, quae habuit, Prumiense monasterium ingressus effectusque ibi monachaus III. Kal. Octobr. mortalem hominem exuit et ad vitam perrexit aeternam."). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of Lothair I dated AD. 843 - Oval: impression of an antique oval intaglio gem. Bust in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. Perhaps a portrait of Caracalla or Alexander Severus. Legend: + XPE ADIVVA HLOTHARIVM AV[G].). Parisot Royaume de Lorraine sous les Carolingiens (1899). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 53 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 855: "Hlothanus rex moritur, prius factus monachus in monasterio Promie oh peccatum persecutionis paterne."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) III 8. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): III.9, IV.8-IV.15.” 		Hugues (I7303)
 
6333 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR II, King of Lorraine, 855-869, born about 835, younger son. He married, (1st) about 855 THEUTBERGE, daughter of Count Boso. They had no issue. He married (2nd) 25 Dec. 862 WALDRADE, kinswoman of Count Eberhard, of Alsace. They had one son, Hugues [Duke of Alsace, Lay-abbot of Lobbes], and three daughters, Gisele (wife of Godefrid, Danish king, Duke in Friesland; she was afterwards Abbess of Nivelles and Fosses), Bertha, and Ermengarde (nun). Waldrade died as a nun at Remiremont 9 April, after 868. LOTHAIR II, King of Lorraine, died at Piacenza 8 August 869, and was buried there in the church of San Antonio the Martyr.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 869. Lotharius rex, filius eius, Kal. Iulii die obiit."). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 54 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 868: "Hlotharius, filius Hlotharii illius qui superius monachus factus obierat, fraterque Hludowici imperatoris, moritur Placentie atque in monasterio Sancti Antonini sepelitur."). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.13, V.13-V.16. Bouchard Those of My Blood (2001): 84 (chart).” 		Godefrid (I7513)
 
6334 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR II, King of Lorraine, 855-869, born about 835, younger son. He married, (1st) about 855 THEUTBERGE, daughter of Count Boso. They had no issue. He married (2nd) 25 Dec. 862 WALDRADE, kinswoman of Count Eberhard, of Alsace. They had one son, Hugues [Duke of Alsace, Lay-abbot of Lobbes], and three daughters, Gisele (wife of Godefrid, Danish king, Duke in Friesland; she was afterwards Abbess of Nivelles and Fosses), Bertha, and Ermengarde (nun). Waldrade died as a nun at Remiremont 9 April, after 868. LOTHAIR II, King of Lorraine, died at Piacenza 8 August 869, and was buried there in the church of San Antonio the Martyr.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 869. Lotharius rex, filius eius, Kal. Iulii die obiit."). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 54 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 868: "Hlotharius, filius Hlotharii illius qui superius monachus factus obierat, fraterque Hludowici imperatoris, moritur Placentie atque in monasterio Sancti Antonini sepelitur."). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.13, V.13-V.16. Bouchard Those of My Blood (2001): 84 (chart).” 		Ermengarde (I7512)
 
6335 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR II, King of Lorraine, 855-869, born about 835, younger son. He married, (1st) about 855 THEUTBERGE, daughter of Count Boso. They had no issue. He married (2nd) 25 Dec. 862 WALDRADE, kinswoman of Count Eberhard, of Alsace. They had one son, Hugues [Duke of Alsace, Lay-abbot of Lobbes], and three daughters, Gisele (wife of Godefrid, Danish king, Duke in Friesland; she was afterwards Abbess of Nivelles and Fosses), Bertha, and Ermengarde (nun). Waldrade died as a nun at Remiremont 9 April, after 868. LOTHAIR II, King of Lorraine, died at Piacenza 8 August 869, and was buried there in the church of San Antonio the Martyr.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 869. Lotharius rex, filius eius, Kal. Iulii die obiit."). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 54 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 868: "Hlotharius, filius Hlotharii illius qui superius monachus factus obierat, fraterque Hludowici imperatoris, moritur Placentie atque in monasterio Sancti Antonini sepelitur."). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.13, V.13-V.16. Bouchard Those of My Blood (2001): 84 (chart).” 		Gisèle (I7510)
 
6336 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR II, King of Lorraine, 855-869, born about 835, younger son. He married, (1st) about 855 THEUTBERGE, daughter of Count Boso. They had no issue. He married (2nd) 25 Dec. 862 WALDRADE, kinswoman of Count Eberhard, of Alsace. They had one son, Hugues [Duke of Alsace, Lay-abbot of Lobbes], and three daughters, Gisele (wife of Godefrid, Danish king, Duke in Friesland; she was afterwards Abbess of Nivelles and Fosses), Bertha, and Ermengarde (nun). Waldrade died as a nun at Remiremont 9 April, after 868. LOTHAIR II, King of Lorraine, died at Piacenza 8 August 869, and was buried there in the church of San Antonio the Martyr.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 869. Lotharius rex, filius eius, Kal. Iulii die obiit."). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 54 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 868: "Hlotharius, filius Hlotharii illius qui superius monachus factus obierat, fraterque Hludowici imperatoris, moritur Placentie atque in monasterio Sancti Antonini sepelitur."). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.13, V.13-V.16. Bouchard Those of My Blood (2001): 84 (chart).” 		Hugues (I7509)
 
6337 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR II, King of Lorraine, 855-869, born about 835, younger son. He married, (1st) about 855 THEUTBERGE, daughter of Count Boso. They had no issue. He married (2nd) 25 Dec. 862 WALDRADE, kinswoman of Count Eberhard, of Alsace. They had one son, Hugues [Duke of Alsace, Lay-abbot of Lobbes], and three daughters, Gisele (wife of Godefrid, Danish king, Duke in Friesland; she was afterwards Abbess of Nivelles and Fosses), Bertha, and Ermengarde (nun). Waldrade died as a nun at Remiremont 9 April, after 868. LOTHAIR II, King of Lorraine, died at Piacenza 8 August 869, and was buried there in the church of San Antonio the Martyr.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 869. Lotharius rex, filius eius, Kal. Iulii die obiit."). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 54 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 868: "Hlotharius, filius Hlotharii illius qui superius monachus factus obierat, fraterque Hludowici imperatoris, moritur Placentie atque in monasterio Sancti Antonini sepelitur."). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.13, V.13-V.16. Bouchard Those of My Blood (2001): 84 (chart).” 		Waldrade (I7508)
 
6338 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR II, King of Lorraine, 855-869, born about 835, younger son. He married, (1st) about 855 THEUTBERGE, daughter of Count Boso. They had no issue. He married (2nd) 25 Dec. 862 WALDRADE, kinswoman of Count Eberhard, of Alsace. They had one son, Hugues [Duke of Alsace, Lay-abbot of Lobbes], and three daughters, Gisele (wife of Godefrid, Danish king, Duke in Friesland; she was afterwards Abbess of Nivelles and Fosses), Bertha, and Ermengarde (nun). Waldrade died as a nun at Remiremont 9 April, after 868. LOTHAIR II, King of Lorraine, died at Piacenza 8 August 869, and was buried there in the church of San Antonio the Martyr.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 869. Lotharius rex, filius eius, Kal. Iulii die obiit."). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 54 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 868: "Hlotharius, filius Hlotharii illius qui superius monachus factus obierat, fraterque Hludowici imperatoris, moritur Placentie atque in monasterio Sancti Antonini sepelitur."). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.13, V.13-V.16. Bouchard Those of My Blood (2001): 84 (chart).”
 		Theutberge (I7507)
 
6339 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR II, King of Lorraine, 855-869, born about 835, younger son. He married, (1st) about 855 THEUTBERGE, daughter of Count Boso. They had no issue. He married (2nd) 25 Dec. 862 WALDRADE, kinswoman of Count Eberhard, of Alsace. They had one son, Hugues [Duke of Alsace, Lay-abbot of Lobbes], and three daughters, Gisele (wife of Godefrid, Danish king, Duke in Friesland; she was afterwards Abbess of Nivelles and Fosses), Bertha, and Ermengarde (nun). Waldrade died as a nun at Remiremont 9 April, after 868. LOTHAIR II, King of Lorraine, died at Piacenza 8 August 869, and was buried there in the church of San Antonio the Martyr.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 869. Lotharius rex, filius eius, Kal. Iulii die obiit."). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 54 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 868: "Hlotharius, filius Hlotharii illius qui superius monachus factus obierat, fraterque Hludowici imperatoris, moritur Placentie atque in monasterio Sancti Antonini sepelitur."). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.13, V.13-V.16. Bouchard Those of My Blood (2001): 84 (chart).”

2. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOTHAIR I, King of Bavaria, 814-817, King of Italy, 822-825, 829-840, Emperor, 833-834, 840-855 (joint emperor from 817), son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born about 795. He married October 821 ERMENGARDE, daughter of Hugues, Count of Tours, by his wife, Ava. They had three sons, Louis (II) [King of Italy, Emperor], Lothair (II) [King of Lorraine], and Charles [King of Provence], and five daughters, Helletrude (or Hiltrude) (wife of Count Berenger), Bertha [Abbess of Avenay], ___ (wife of Giselbert, Count of Masau and Darnau), Gisele [Abbess of San Salvatore, Brescia], Rotnide (probable wife of Lambert II, Count of Nantes). By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, Carlomann. His wife, Ermengarde, died 20 March 851. LOTHAIR I died at Priim monastery in Ardennes 28 (or 29) Sept. 855.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini incarn. 855. Lotharius imperator 3. Kal. Octob. feliciter obiit."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Poetae Latini Aevu Carolini 2) (1884): 241 ("Epitaphium Hludharii Imperatoris: Continet hic tumulus memorandi Caesaris ossa / Hlotharii magni, principis atque pii. / Qui Francis, Italis, Romanis praefuit ipsis, Omnia sed sprevit, pauper et hinc abiit. / Nam bis tricenos monachus sic attigit annos, / Et se mutavit, ac bene post obiit. / III. Cal. Octob."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 232 (Annales Lobienses: sub A.D. 855: "Lotharius imperator, qui mutato habitu Prumiae monachus factus fuerat, obiit 3. Kal. Octob.; cui aequivocus filius suus Lotharius successerat, qui eo anno Tiethbergam, sororem Hucberti abbatis, duxit uxorem."). Waitz Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum (in separate editions) 5 (1883): 45 (Annales Bertiniani sub AD. 855: "Lotharius imperator, morbo correptus vitamque desperans, monasterium Proneae in Arduenna constitutum adiit, seculoque et regno penitus abrenuncians, tonsus est, vitam habitumque monachi humiliter sumens. Dispositoque inter filios, qui secum morabantur, regno, ita ut Lotharius cognomen eius Frandam, Karlus vero Provinciam optinerent, intra sex dies vita decessit quarto Kalendarum Octobrium, atque in eodem monasterio sepulturam, ut desideraverat, consecutus est."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 13 (1891) 46 (Annales Fuldenses sub AD. 855: "Hlutharius imperator renuntians omnibus, quae habuit, Prumiense monasterium ingressus effectusque ibi monachaus III. Kal. Octobr. mortalem hominem exuit et ad vitam perrexit aeternam."). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of Lothair I dated AD. 843 - Oval: impression of an antique oval intaglio gem. Bust in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. Perhaps a portrait of Caracalla or Alexander Severus. Legend: + XPE ADIVVA HLOTHARIVM AV[G].). Parisot Royaume de Lorraine sous les Carolingiens (1899). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 53 (Annales de Vendôme sub AD. 855: "Hlothanus rex moritur, prius factus monachus in monasterio Promie oh peccatum persecutionis paterne."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) III 8. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (Die Karolinger). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): III.9, IV.8-IV.15.”
 		Lothair II (I7496)
 
6340 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOUIS II the Stammerer, King of Neustria, 856, King of Aquitaine, 867, King of France, 877-879, son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born 1 Nov. c.846. He married (1st) March 862 ANSGARDE, daughter of Count Harduin. They had two sons, Louis (III) [joint King of France] and Carloman [King of France], and three daughters, Hildegarde and Gisela (or Gisele) (wife of Robert, Count palatine of Troyes), and Ermentrude. She died after 2 Nov. 880, 881, or 882. He married (2nd) ADELAIDE, daughter of Count Adelard. They had one son, Charles (III) the Simple [King of France]. LOUIS II, King of France, died at Compiegne 10 April 879. His widow, AdelaIde, died 18 October, after 9 Nov. 901.
Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 113 (seal of King Louis II dated A.D. 879 - Oval: a bust in profile to the right. Legend: ... GRATIA …). Halphen Recueil d’Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 55 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D. 879: "Hludovicus moritur, rex Germanie."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 34. Decker-Hauff (1955): 330 (identifies wife Adelheid as daughter of Welf, Graf im Argengau). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.40, V.49-V.54. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993).” 		Robert (I7560)
 
6341 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOUIS II the Stammerer, King of Neustria, 856, King of Aquitaine, 867, King of France, 877-879, son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born 1 Nov. c.846. He married (1st) March 862 ANSGARDE, daughter of Count Harduin. They had two sons, Louis (III) [joint King of France] and Carloman [King of France], and three daughters, Hildegarde and Gisela (or Gisele) (wife of Robert, Count palatine of Troyes), and Ermentrude. She died after 2 Nov. 880, 881, or 882. He married (2nd) ADELAIDE, daughter of Count Adelard. They had one son, Charles (III) the Simple [King of France]. LOUIS II, King of France, died at Compiegne 10 April 879. His widow, AdelaIde, died 18 October, after 9 Nov. 901.
Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 113 (seal of King Louis II dated A.D. 879 - Oval: a bust in profile to the right. Legend: ... GRATIA …). Halphen Recueil d’Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 55 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D. 879: "Hludovicus moritur, rex Germanie."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 34. Decker-Hauff (1955): 330 (identifies wife Adelheid as daughter of Welf, Graf im Argengau). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.40, V.49-V.54. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993).” 		Harduin (I7559)
 
6342 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOUIS II the Stammerer, King of Neustria, 856, King of Aquitaine, 867, King of France, 877-879, son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born 1 Nov. c.846. He married (1st) March 862 ANSGARDE, daughter of Count Harduin. They had two sons, Louis (III) [joint King of France] and Carloman [King of France], and three daughters, Hildegarde and Gisela (or Gisele) (wife of Robert, Count palatine of Troyes), and Ermentrude. She died after 2 Nov. 880, 881, or 882. He married (2nd) ADELAIDE, daughter of Count Adelard. They had one son, Charles (III) the Simple [King of France]. LOUIS II, King of France, died at Compiegne 10 April 879. His widow, AdelaIde, died 18 October, after 9 Nov. 901.
Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 113 (seal of King Louis II dated A.D. 879 - Oval: a bust in profile to the right. Legend: ... GRATIA …). Halphen Recueil d’Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 55 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D. 879: "Hludovicus moritur, rex Germanie."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 34. Decker-Hauff (1955): 330 (identifies wife Adelheid as daughter of Welf, Graf im Argengau). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.40, V.49-V.54. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993).” 		Gisela (I7557)
 
6343 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOUIS II the Stammerer, King of Neustria, 856, King of Aquitaine, 867, King of France, 877-879, son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born 1 Nov. c.846. He married (1st) March 862 ANSGARDE, daughter of Count Harduin. They had two sons, Louis (III) [joint King of France] and Carloman [King of France], and three daughters, Hildegarde and Gisela (or Gisele) (wife of Robert, Count palatine of Troyes), and Ermentrude. She died after 2 Nov. 880, 881, or 882. He married (2nd) ADELAIDE, daughter of Count Adelard. They had one son, Charles (III) the Simple [King of France]. LOUIS II, King of France, died at Compiegne 10 April 879. His widow, AdelaIde, died 18 October, after 9 Nov. 901.
Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 113 (seal of King Louis II dated A.D. 879 - Oval: a bust in profile to the right. Legend: ... GRATIA …). Halphen Recueil d’Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 55 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D. 879: "Hludovicus moritur, rex Germanie."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 34. Decker-Hauff (1955): 330 (identifies wife Adelheid as daughter of Welf, Graf im Argengau). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.40, V.49-V.54. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993).” 		Hildegarde (I7556)
 
6344 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOUIS II the Stammerer, King of Neustria, 856, King of Aquitaine, 867, King of France, 877-879, son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born 1 Nov. c.846. He married (1st) March 862 ANSGARDE, daughter of Count Harduin. They had two sons, Louis (III) [joint King of France] and Carloman [King of France], and three daughters, Hildegarde and Gisela (or Gisele) (wife of Robert, Count palatine of Troyes), and Ermentrude. She died after 2 Nov. 880, 881, or 882. He married (2nd) ADELAIDE, daughter of Count Adelard. They had one son, Charles (III) the Simple [King of France]. LOUIS II, King of France, died at Compiegne 10 April 879. His widow, AdelaIde, died 18 October, after 9 Nov. 901.
Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 113 (seal of King Louis II dated A.D. 879 - Oval: a bust in profile to the right. Legend: ... GRATIA …). Halphen Recueil d’Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 55 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D. 879: "Hludovicus moritur, rex Germanie."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 34. Decker-Hauff (1955): 330 (identifies wife Adelheid as daughter of Welf, Graf im Argengau). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.40, V.49-V.54. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993).” 		Carloman (I7555)
 
6345 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOUIS II the Stammerer, King of Neustria, 856, King of Aquitaine, 867, King of France, 877-879, son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born 1 Nov. c.846. He married (1st) March 862 ANSGARDE, daughter of Count Harduin. They had two sons, Louis (III) [joint King of France] and Carloman [King of France], and three daughters, Hildegarde and Gisela (or Gisele) (wife of Robert, Count palatine of Troyes), and Ermentrude. She died after 2 Nov. 880, 881, or 882. He married (2nd) ADELAIDE, daughter of Count Adelard. They had one son, Charles (III) the Simple [King of France]. LOUIS II, King of France, died at Compiegne 10 April 879. His widow, AdelaIde, died 18 October, after 9 Nov. 901.
Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 113 (seal of King Louis II dated A.D. 879 - Oval: a bust in profile to the right. Legend: ... GRATIA …). Halphen Recueil d’Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 55 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D. 879: "Hludovicus moritur, rex Germanie."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 34. Decker-Hauff (1955): 330 (identifies wife Adelheid as daughter of Welf, Graf im Argengau). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.40, V.49-V.54. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993).” 		Louis III (I7554)
 
6346 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOUIS II the Stammerer, King of Neustria, 856, King of Aquitaine, 867, King of France, 877-879, son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born 1 Nov. c.846. He married (1st) March 862 ANSGARDE, daughter of Count Harduin. They had two sons, Louis (III) [joint King of France] and Carloman [King of France], and three daughters, Hildegarde and Gisela (or Gisele) (wife of Robert, Count palatine of Troyes), and Ermentrude. She died after 2 Nov. 880, 881, or 882. He married (2nd) ADELAIDE, daughter of Count Adelard. They had one son, Charles (III) the Simple [King of France]. LOUIS II, King of France, died at Compiegne 10 April 879. His widow, AdelaIde, died 18 October, after 9 Nov. 901.
Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 113 (seal of King Louis II dated A.D. 879 - Oval: a bust in profile to the right. Legend: ... GRATIA …). Halphen Recueil d’Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 55 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D. 879: "Hludovicus moritur, rex Germanie."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 34. Decker-Hauff (1955): 330 (identifies wife Adelheid as daughter of Welf, Graf im Argengau). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.40, V.49-V.54. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993).” 		Charles III "the Simple" (I7553)
 
6347 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOUIS II the Stammerer, King of Neustria, 856, King of Aquitaine, 867, King of France, 877-879, son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born 1 Nov. c.846. He married (1st) March 862 ANSGARDE, daughter of Count Harduin. They had two sons, Louis (III) [joint King of France] and Carloman [King of France], and three daughters, Hildegarde and Gisela (or Gisele) (wife of Robert, Count palatine of Troyes), and Ermentrude. She died after 2 Nov. 880, 881, or 882. He married (2nd) ADELAIDE, daughter of Count Adelard. They had one son, Charles (III) the Simple [King of France]. LOUIS II, King of France, died at Compiegne 10 April 879. His widow, AdelaIde, died 18 October, after 9 Nov. 901.
Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 113 (seal of King Louis II dated A.D. 879 - Oval: a bust in profile to the right. Legend: ... GRATIA …). Halphen Recueil d’Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 55 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D. 879: "Hludovicus moritur, rex Germanie."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 34. Decker-Hauff (1955): 330 (identifies wife Adelheid as daughter of Welf, Graf im Argengau). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.40, V.49-V.54. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993).” 		Adélaïde (I7552)
 
6348 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOUIS II the Stammerer, King of Neustria, 856, King of Aquitaine, 867, King of France, 877-879, son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born 1 Nov. c.846. He married (1st) March 862 ANSGARDE, daughter of Count Harduin. They had two sons, Louis (III) [joint King of France] and Carloman [King of France], and three daughters, Hildegarde and Gisela (or Gisele) (wife of Robert, Count palatine of Troyes), and Ermentrude. She died after 2 Nov. 880, 881, or 882. He married (2nd) ADELAIDE, daughter of Count Adelard. They had one son, Charles (III) the Simple [King of France]. LOUIS II, King of France, died at Compiegne 10 April 879. His widow, AdelaIde, died 18 October, after 9 Nov. 901.
Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 113 (seal of King Louis II dated A.D. 879 - Oval: a bust in profile to the right. Legend: ... GRATIA …). Halphen Recueil d’Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 55 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D. 879: "Hludovicus moritur, rex Germanie."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 34. Decker-Hauff (1955): 330 (identifies wife Adelheid as daughter of Welf, Graf im Argengau). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.40, V.49-V.54. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993).” 		Ansgarde (I7551)
 
6349 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOUIS II the Stammerer, King of Neustria, 856, King of Aquitaine, 867, King of France, 877-879, son and heir by his father's 1st marriage, born 1 Nov. c.846. He married (1st) March 862 ANSGARDE, daughter of Count Harduin. They had two sons, Louis (III) [joint King of France] and Carloman [King of France], and three daughters, Hildegarde and Gisela (or Gisele) (wife of Robert, Count palatine of Troyes), and Ermentrude. She died after 2 Nov. 880, 881, or 882. He married (2nd) ADELAIDE, daughter of Count Adelard. They had one son, Charles (III) the Simple [King of France]. LOUIS II, King of France, died at Compiegne 10 April 879. His widow, AdelaIde, died 18 October, after 9 Nov. 901.
Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 113 (seal of King Louis II dated A.D. 879 - Oval: a bust in profile to the right. Legend: ... GRATIA …). Halphen Recueil d’Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 55 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D. 879: "Hludovicus moritur, rex Germanie."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) IV 34. Decker-Hauff (1955): 330 (identifies wife Adelheid as daughter of Welf, Graf im Argengau). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): IV.40, V.49-V.54. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993).”

2. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“CHARLES II the Bald, King of Neustria, 838-840, King of the West Franks, 840-877, King of (western) Lorraine, 870-877, King of Italy, 875-877, Emperor, 875-877, son by his father's 2nd marriage, born at Frankfurt-am-Main 13 June 823. He married (1st) at Quierzy, Aisne 13 Dec. 842 ERMENTRUDE OF ORLÉANS, daughter of Eudes, Count of Orléans, by his wife, Engeltrude. She was born 27 Sept., about 830. They had six sons, Louis (II) [King of Neustria, King of Aquitaine, King of France], Charles [King of Aquitaine], Karlmann (or Carloman) [Abbot of St.-Germain of Auxerre], Lothair [Abbot of St.-Germain of Auxerre], Dreux, and Pépin, and four daughters, Judith, Hildegarde, Ermentrude [Abbess of Hasnon], and Gisela (or Gisele). His wife, Ermentrude, died 6 October 869. He married (2nd) 12 October 869, confirmed at Aix-la-Chapelle 22 Jan. 870 RICHILDE OF GORZE, daughter of Bivin, Count and Abbot of Gorze, by daughter of Boson l'Ancien, count in Italy. They had three children, including one son, Charles, and one daughter, Rothilde (wife of Rodgar [or Roger], Count of Maine). CHARLES II the Bald, Emperor, King of the West Franks, died at Brides-les-Bains (Savoie, Fr.) 6 October 877, and was buried at Nantua monastery, later at St. Denis. His widow, Richilde, living 910, and died before 3 Feb. 911.
Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno Domini inc. 877. Karolus, frater eius, Nonas Octob. feliciter obit.”) Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of King Charles II dated A.D. 843 - Oval: bust of a youthful personage, in profile to the right, head crowned with laurel. Legend: + KAROLVS GRATIA DI REX.). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 54-55 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D. 877: "Karolus imperator obiit, id est Calvus, et filius ejus Hludowicus regnum recepit."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) III 15. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (sub Die Karolinger); 2 (1984): 1 (sub Kings of the West Franks). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): III.15, IV.39-IV.52. Online resource: http.//www.mittelalter-genealogie.de/mittelalter/koenige/frankenreich/karl_2_der_kahle_koenig_von_frankreich_877.html.” 		Louis II "the Stammerer" (I7434)
 
6350 RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“LOUIS the Pious, King of Aquitaine, 781-813, Joint emperor, Emperor, 813-814, 834-840, legitimate son, born at Chasseneuil-du-Poitou in Aquitaine in 778, between 16 April and September. He married (1st) about 794 ERMENGARDE OF HASPENGAU, daughter of Ingram, Count of Haspengau. They had Lothair (I) [King of Bavaria, joint Emperor, Emperor], Pépin (or Pippin) (I) [King of Aquitaine], and Ludwig (II) [King of Bavaria, King of the Eastern Franks], and two daughters, Rotrude and Hildegarde. His wife, Ermengarde, died 3 October 818. He married (2nd) in February 819 JUDITH, daughter of Welf I, Count of Altorf, by his wife, Eigilwi (or Heilwich). She was born about 805. They had one son, Charles the Bald [King of the Western Franks, Emperor], and one daughter, Gisela (wife of Eberhard, Margrave of Friuli). By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, Arnulf. LOUIS the Pious (or LUDWIG der Fromme) died on an island in the Rhine near Ingelheim 20 June 840, and was buried in the church of the abbey of Saint Arnoul at Metz. His widow, Judith, died at Tours 19 April 843.
Viollet Prières et Fragments religieux (1870): 47-63. Monumenta Germaniæ Historica SS XIII (1881): 219. (Annales Necrologici Prumienses [necrology of Prüm]: "Anno 840. Ludvicus imperator 12 Kal. Iulii diem obiit."). Monumenta Germaniæ Historica (Necrologia Germaniæ 1) (1888): 275 (Necrologium Augiæ Divitis: "XIII kal. May [19 April] - Judit regina"), 277 (Necrologium Augiæ Divitis: "XI kal. July [21 June] - Hludowicus imperator augustus") Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 5 (1898): 112 (seal of Emperor Louis I dated A.D. 816 - Oval: a bust, in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. Legend: + XPE PROTEGE HLVDOVVICVM IMPERATORE.), 112 (undated seal of Emperor Louis I - Oval: bust in profile to the right, crowned with laurel. The drapery fastened on the right shoulder with a button. Legend: + XPE PROTEGE HLVDOVVICVM IMPERATORE.). Halphen Recueil d'Annales Angevines et Vendômoises (1903): 53 (Annales de Vendôme sub A.D 840: "Hludowicus imperator moritur."). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) II 6. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 2 (sub Die Karolinger); 3(4) (1989): 736 (sub Welfen). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): II.5, III.9-III.15. Settipani & von Kerrebrouck La Préhistoire des Capetians (1993).
Children of Louis I (or Ludwig I), by Ermengarde of Haspengau:
i. LOTHAIR, King of Bavaria, King of Italy, Emperor, married ERMENGARDE OF TOURS [see Line C, Gen. 3].
Children of Louis I (or Ludwig I), by Judith of Altorf:
i. CHARLES II the Bald, King of Neustria, King of the West Franks, King of Italy, Emperor [see next].
ii. GISELA, married EBERHARD, Margrave of Friuli [see Line D, Gen. 3 below].” 		Ingram (I7429)
 

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