Notes

Chris & Julie Petersen's Genealogy

Matches 6,001 to 6,050 of 7,522

#	Notes	Linked to
6001	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY DE BOHUN, of Trowbridge, Heddington, and Newton Tony, Wiltshire, hereditary Constable of England, son and heir, born about 1175 (aged 10 in 1185). In 1185 he was a minor in the custody of his widowed grandmother, Margaret de Bohun. He attested a number of her charters and accounted for relief for her lands in 1197. Sometime in the period, 1187-93, he witnessed a charter for his mother to Bradenstoke Priory. He married MAUD DE MANDEVILLE,* daughter of Geoffrey Fitz Peter, Knt., 4th Earl of Essex, by his 1st wife, Beatrice, eldest daughter and co-heiress of William de Say, of Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire, and Saham, Norfolk [see ESSEX 2 for her ancestry]. Her maritagium included the manor of Wheatenhurst, and property in Framilode (in Fretherne), Gloucestershire. They had two sons, Humphrey, Knt. [Earl of Hereford and Essex] and possibly Henry. In 1196 his sister, Maud de Bohun, quitclaimed to him all her right to the viii of Walton upon Thames, Surrey (a Bohun family property), in exchange for confirmation of lands which she had in marriage with Juhel de Mayenne, namely lands in the vills of Blackmoor (in Selbome), Hampshire and Newton Tony, Wiltshire. Henry was created Earl of Hereford 28 April 1200, on his consenting to release his right to certain lands which his ancestor, Miles of Gloucester, Earl of Hereford, had received from his father-in-law, Bernard de Newmarch. In 1200 he was sent with other nobles to escort his uncle, William the Lion, King of Scotland to do homage to King John at Lincoln. The same year he was granted a weekly market and yearly fair at Trowbridge, Wiltshire. Sometime in the period, 1200-20, with consent of his wife, Countess Maud, he gave a messuage with curtilage in Framilode (in Fretherne), Gloucestershire to the monks of Winchcombe Abbey. In the same period, he granted land in Westbury, Gloucestershire to Richard Fitz Roger, of Westbury, for the services of 1/4 knights' fee. In 1204 Earl Henry was involved in a legal dispute with his uncle, David, Earl of Huntingdon, regarding 20 knight's fees in the honour of Huntingdon, including the manors of Glaston and Ryhall, Rutland; Earl David failed to appear to prosecute his claim and seisin was given to Henry. In the period, 1208-11, his uncle, William the Lion, King of Scotland confirmed to William Noble lands in Kilpunt and Illieston (both in Kirkliston), West Lothian in Scotland, which lands were previously granted to said Noble by Henry de Bohun, Earl of Hereford. In 1212 William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, and his wife, Ela, instituted suit in the king's court against Ela's kinsman, Earl Henry, for the barony of Trowbridge, Wiltshire, Henry's chief fief. The king assumed control of the honour, but allowed Earl William's agents to levy scutage from its tenants. Sometime before 1215 he granted a house and land on English Street in Southampton to Beaulieu Abbey. In 1215 he joined the confederacy of the barons against the king, and his lands were seized by the king He was one of the twenty-five barons elected to guarantee the observance of Magna Carta, signed by King John 15 June 1215. In consequence he was among the barons excommunicated by Pope Innocent III 16 Dec. 1215. After the death of King John, he adhered to the party of Louis of France, and his lands were again declared forfeited. He fought at the Battle of Lincoln, where he was taken prisoner 20 May 1217. He was subsequently released and his lands restored, excepting the manor of Ryhall, Rutland. About Michaelmas 1219 Alan le Grant was charged one mark by the king to have an assize of novel disseisin against Henry, Earl of Hereford, in Surrey. Sometime before 1219, he quitclaimed to Malmesbury Abbey all his right to one carucate of pasture land located between Kemble and Chelworth, Wiltshire. HENRY DE BOHUN, 5th Earl of Hereford, went on a crusade to the Holy Land in 1219, where he died 1 June 1220. He was buried with his son, Henry, in the chapter house of Llanthony Priory outside Gloucester. In Michaelmas term 1220 and Michaelmas term 1221 his widow, Maud, sued William Longespee, Earl of Salisbury, and Ela his wife in a plea of dower in Wiltshire. Maud married (2nd) after Michaelmas 1221 (date of lawsuit) and before Easter term 1226 (date of lawsuit) ROGER DE DAUNTSEY (or DE DAUNTESEY), Knt., of Dauntsey and Wilsford, Wiltshire, and, in right of his wife, of Pleshey, Debden, High Easter, Walden, and Waltham, Essex, Amersham and Quarrendon, Buckinghamshire, Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire, Enfield, Middlesex, Long Compton, Warwickshire, etc. They had no issue. In 1226 she and her husband, Roger, were sued by her son, Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford, regarding the manor of Heddington, Wiltshire. Maud was heiress in 1227 to her brother, William de Mandeville, 6th Earl of Essex, whereby she became suo jure Countess of Essex. She and Roger had livery of her Mandeville inheritance 29 October 1227 and 22 Feb. 1227/8. In the period, 1226-c.1243, Roger reached an agreement with Simon, Prior of Bradenstoke, concerning a close called Linley situated between their lands. In the period, 1227-32, she gave a tenth of her means of life to the nunnery of St. Mary Clerkenwell, as her cousin, Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2.d Earl of Essex, granted it. In 1229 Roger and his wife, Countess Maud, sold one moiety of the manor of Long Compton, Warwickshire, excluding the capital messuage, to William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, and the other moiety of the manor, including the capital messuage, to Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent. In 1229/30 she received the manors of Gussage, Dorset and Debden, Essex, as well as property in Winchester, Hampshire, by settlement with her half-brother, John Fitz Geoffrey. Countess Maud subsequently conveyed the manor of Gussage, Dorset to her half-sister, Maud Fitz Geoffrey (died 1261), wife successively of Henry d'Oilly, Knt., and William de Cantelowe, Knt., Steward of the King's Household. Countess Maud instituted annulment proceedings in 1232 to free herself from her second husband, Roger. In Easter term 1232 Josce de Cornhull sued Roger and his wife, Maud, regarding a debt of £24 14s. 3d. in Essex. Following a sentence of divorce pronounced in Court Christian, Maud had a writ of livery, 24 April 1233, for all the lands of her inheritance then in the hands of Roger. A papal review board, however, overturned the sentence of divorce three years later and adjudged her to be Roger's lawful wife. The castles and lands which comprised Maud's inheritance and dower, and from which she had made grants in her "free widowhood" during those three years, were ordered restored to Roger in July 1236. Sometime in the period, 1233-6, she quitclaimed to her half-brother, John Fitz Geoffrey, 100s. which he owed her annually for Cherhill, Wiltshire. In 1234 she granted her half-brother, John Fitz Geoffrey, the manor of Quarrendon, Buckinghamshire, he rendering to her the service due to the chief lord of the fee, as well as the service of a twentieth of a knight. In the period, 1234-5, she leased the manors of Saffron Walden and Debden, Essex to Edmund, Archbishop of Canterbury at an annual rent of £120, until a debt of 7,160 marks owed by her late brothers, Geoffrey and William de Mandeville, was paid in full. In Jan. 1236 the king requested that she fulfill the promise which she gave to Master John de Ferentino, Archdeacon of Norwich, of making him a provision of £10 yearly in land in the manor of High Easter, Essex. Maud de Mandeville, Countess of Essex and Hereford, died 27 August 1236. On 25 October 1236 Ela, Countess of Salisbury, reached agreement with William Longespee, her eldest son, to grant a moiety of the manor of Heddington, Wiltshire to Lacock Priory, which property fell to her on the death of Countess Maud. Sir Roger de Dauntsey was living in August 1238. (* Note: For instances of Maud, Countess of Essex and Hereford, being styled Maud de Mandeville in contemporary records, see C.Ch.R. 1 (1903): 196; Davis Rotuli Hugonis de Welles Episcopi Lincolniensis 1209-1235 3 (Lincoln Rec. Soc. 9) (1914): 32; Hassall Cartulary of St. Mary Clekenwell (Camden 3rd Ser. 71) (1949): 126; Duchy of Lancaster, Descriptive list (with Index) of Carta Miscellanea, Lists and Indexes, Supplementary Series, No. V, vol. 3 (1964): 85; Mason Beauchamp Cartulary Charters (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 43) (1980): 187-188.) Montmorency-Morres Genealogical Memoir of the Fam. of Montmorency (1817): xxxii-xxxvi. Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 1 (1822-30): 544-545 (Mandeville-Fitz Peter-Bohun ped.). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 27 ("compositio" between Henry de Bohun, Earl of Hereford and the Prior and monks of Lewes); 6(1) (1830): 134-136 (Bohun ped. in Llanthony Abbey records: "Henricus de Bohun antedictus, desponsavit Matildem filiam et hæredem domini Galfridi filii Petri comitis Essexiæ; de quibus procreati fuerunt Humfredus quintus de Bohun, comes Hereford et Essex et constabularius Angliæ, et dominus Henricus de Bohun ..."). Burke Gen'l & Heraldic Dict. of the Peerages of England, Ireland & Scotland (1831): 63-65 (sub Bohun), 333-335 (sub Mandeville). Hardy Ratuli de Oblatis et Finibus in Turri Londinensi Asservati (1835): 44, 257. Hardy Rotuli Chartarum (1837): 36b. Coll. Top. et Gen. 1 (1834): 168-169. Scrope Hist. of Castle Combe (1852): 19, 38. Capgrave liber de Illustribus Flemicis (Rolls Ser. 7) (1858): xliii ("Henry de Bohun appears to have been chiefly remarkable for two things, - his determined opposition to the tyranny of King John, and his devoted pilgrimage to the Holy Land."), 165-166. Notes & Queries 4th Ser. 3 (1869): 484-485 (Fitz Peter ped.). Herald & Genealogist 6 (1871): 241-253. Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 27 (1871): 179-191. Stubbs Mem. Fratris Walter de Coventria 2 (Rolls Ser. 58) (1871): 170 (sub A.D. 1200: "Henricum de Boun, comitem Herefordiæ, nepotem Willelmi regis Scotiæ" [Henry de Bohun, Earl of Hereford, nephew of William [the Lion] King of Scotland). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 4 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1871): 140 (sub A.D. 1200: "Henricum de Boum, nepotem Willielmi regis Scotiæ" [Henry de Bohun, nephew of William [the Lion] King of Scotland), 141-142. Third Rpt. (Hist. MSS Comm. 2) (1872): 397. Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1874): 604-605, 642-644; 3 (1876): 60 (sub A.D. 1220: "Obierunt hoc anno Henricus de Boum comes Hertfordiæ [sic], Saerus de Quinci comes Wintoniensis."). Stevenson Radulphi de Coggeshall Chronicon Anglicanum (Rolls Ser.) (1875): 188 (sub A.D. 1220: "Obiit Henricus de Boum, comes Herefordensis, et Saerus de Quenci, comes Wintoniensis, in itinere peregrinationis sux Hierusalem."). Brewer & Martin Registrum Malmesbutiense 2 (Rolls Ser. 72) (1880): 11-12, 20-21, 23-24 (charter of Henry de Bohun), 57-58, 394-395. Röhricht Testimonia Minora de Quinto Bello Sacro e Chronicis Occidentalibus (1882): xxxii. Lee Hist., Desc. Antiqs. of Thame (1883): 331-332 (Mandeville ped.). Maitland Pleas of the Crown for Gloucester before the Abbot of Reading 1221 (1884): 106 ("447. Comitissa Herefordie est de donacione domini Regis"). Doyle Official Baronage of England 2 (1886): 160 (sub Hereford). Crawley-Boevey Cartulary & Hist. Notes of the Cistercian Abbey of Flaxley (1887): 8. Money Hist. of Newbury (1887): 72-79 (Bohun ped.). Trans. Bristol & Gloucs. Arch. Soc. 12 (1888): 251-252. Rich-Jones Charters & Docs. Ill. the Hist. of the Cathedral City & Diocese of Salisbury (Rolls Ser. 97) (1891): 84, 185-187. Jeayes Desc. Cat. of the Charters & Muniments in the Possession of the Rt. Hon. Lord Fitzhardinge (1892): 77 (charter of Maud, Countess of Essex dated 1227-32). Royce Landboc sive Registrum Monasterii Beatæ Mariæ Virginis et Sancti Cénhelmi de Winchelcumba 1 (1892): 229 (charter of Henry de Bohun), 229-230 (charter of Maud, Countess of Hereford). Feet of Fines 1182 to 1196 (Pipe Roll Soc. 17) (1894): 99-100. Two Cartularies of the Augustinian Priory of Bruton & Cluniac Priory of Mantacute (Somerset Rec. Soc. 8) (1894): 83 (charter of Henry de Bohun, Earl of Hereford). Cobbe Luton Church (1899): 539. Feet of Fines for Essex 1(1899): 87-88, 104. Rigg Select Pleas, Starrs, etc., of the Jewish Exchequer 1220-1284 (Selden Soc. 15) (1901): 1- 2. C.Ch.R. 1 (1903): 68-69, 196 (charter of Maud de Mandeville, Countess of Hereford and Essex dated post-1227), 196-197. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 89, 154, 163. D.N.B. 2 (1908): 769 (biog. of Henry de Bohun). VCH Surrey 3 (1911): 469. Round Rotull de Dominabus et Pueris et Puellis de XII Comitatibus [1185] (Pipe Roll Soc. 35) (1913): 62-63, 84-85. Davis Rotuli Hugonis de Welles Episcopi Lincolniensis 1209-12353 (Lincoln Rec. Soc. 9) (1914): 32. Woodbine Bracton De legibus et consuetudinibus Angliæ 2 (1922): 191. C.P. 5 (1926): 134 (sub Essex); 6 (1926): 457-458 (sub Hereford). VCH Buckingham 3 (1925): 141-155. Curia Regis Rolls 3 (1926): 99; 9 (1952): 269, 276; 10 (1949): 213; 12 (1957): 529; 13 (1959): 101, 201-202, 204, 222, 256-258, 282, 301, 329, 381, 388, 490-491, 532, 569, 595, 599; 14 (1961): 24, 98-99 (Henry [Fitz Geoffrey] styled brother of Maud wife of Roger de Dantesy Countess of Essex), 125, 238, 241, 249, 294, 336, 396, 407, 423, 461, 511, 530; 15 (1972): 26, 60, 110-111, 194, 294, 324. Stokes et al. Warwickshire Feet of Fines 1 (Dugdale Soc. 11) (1932): 85-86. VCH Huntingdon 2 (1932): 376-379. Salter Cartulary of Oseney Abbey 5 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 98) (1935): 24-25 (charter of Henry de Bohun, Earl of Hereford). VCH Rutland 2 (1935): 182-188, 268-275. Budgen & Salzman "Wiltshire, Devonshire & Dorsetshire Portion of the Lewes Chartulary" in Chartulary of Lewes Priory: The Portions rel. to other Counties than Sussex (Sussex Rec. Soc. Add'l Vol.) (1943): 7, 13-14 (composition between the prior and convent of Lewes and Henry de Bohun, Earl of Hereford dated 1218). Flower Introduction to the Curia Regis Rolls 1199-1230 (Selden Soc. 62) (1944): 122. Clay Early Yorkshire Charters 7 (1947): 2. Hassan Cartulary of St. Mary Clekenwell (Camden 3rd Ser. 71) (1949): 28-29, 126 (charter of Maud de Mandeville, Countess of Essex and Hereford Matildis de Mandawilla cometissa Exsexie et Hereford' "1. VCH Warwick 5 (1949): 52-58. Brooks Irish Cartularies of Llanthony Prima & Secunda (1953): 206-207. Watkin Great Chartulary of Glastonbury 3 (Somerset Rec. Soc. 64) (1956): 656. Brown Memoranda Roll for the 1010 Year of King John (1207-8) together with the Curia Regis Rolls of Hilary 7 Richard 1 (1196) & Easter 9 Richard I (1198) (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 31) (1957): 87. Paget Baronage of England (1957) 73: 1-13 (sub Bohun). Sanders English Baronies (1960): 71-72, 91. Powicke Loss of Normandy (1961): 333. Duchy of Lancaster, Desc. List (with Index) of Carta Miscellanea, Lists and Indexes, Supp. Ser., No. V, vol. 3 (reprinted 1964): 85. Walker "Charters of the Earldom of Hereford, 1095-1201" in Camden Misc. 22 (Camden Soc. 4th Ser. 1) (1964). Cheney Letters of Pope Innocent III 1198-1216 (1967): 172. Stenton Pleas before the King or His Justices 1198-1212 3 (Selden Soc. 83) (1967): 173. Barrow Acts of William I King of Scots 1165-1214 (Regesta Regum Scottorum, 1153-1424 2) (1971): 444-445. VCH Gloucester 10 (1972): 190-194. Hockey Beaulieu Cartalary (Southampton Recs. Ser. 17) (1974): 191-192 (charter of Henry de Bohun). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1219 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 42) (1976): 208. Rogers Lacock Abbey Charters (Wiltshire Rec. Soc. 34) (1979): 14. London Cartulary of Bradenstoke Priory (Wiltshire Rec. Soc. 35) (1979): 35 (agreement of Simon, Prior of Bradenstoke and Sir Roger de Dauntsey), 105 (charter of Henry de Bohun), 178. Mason Beauchamp Cartulary Charters (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 43) (1980): 187, 187-188 (charter dated 1234 of John de Swanboum to Maud de Mandeville, Countess of Essex), 188 (charter of Maud de Mandeville, Countess of Essex and Hereford, dated 1234 names her "brother" [fratri], John Pita Geoffrey), 191 (charter of Maud de Mandeville, Countess of Essex and Hereford dated 1233-6). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 461. Powell Anatomy of a Crusade (1986): 228. Smith English Episc. Acta 3 Canterbury 1193-1205 (1986): 124-125. Jour. Warburg & Courthould Insts. 50 (1987): 196-200. VCH Wiltshire 13 (1987): 177-185; 15 (1995): 143-153; 17 (2002): 159-172. Patterson ed. Haskins Soc. Jour. Studies in Medieval Hist. 1(1989): 170 (Fitz Peter ped. chart). Holt Magna Carta (1992): 206-210. Turner Judges, Administrators & the Common Law in Angevin England (1994): 306 (Fitz Peter ped. chart). Brand Earliest English Law Rpts. 1 (Selden Soc. 111) (1996): 16-17,84-91. Wheeler & Parsons Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 101. Hanna Christchurch Priory Cartulary (Hampshire Rec. Ser. 18) (2007): 298. Dryburgh Cal. of Fine Rolls of the Reign of Henry III 2 (2008): 180-181, 183, 188, 325, 342-343, 513. David Walker "Bohun, Henry de, first earl of Hereford (1176-1220)," Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (ODNB) (2004); online edition, Oct. 2005: www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/2773. Gloucestershire Archives: Westbury-on-Severn, D3360/1 (charter of Henry de Bohun, Earl of Hereford dated 1200-1220) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Somerset Archive & Rec. Service: Walker-Heneage & Button Fam. & Estate Papers, Coker Court, East Coker, DD\WHb/2145 (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). University of Toronto Deed Research Project, #00110962, 00320330 (charter of Maud de Mandeville, Countess of Essex and Hereford, to her "brother" [fratri], John Fitz Geoffrey dated 1234) (available at http://res.deeds.utoronto.ca:49838/research). Children of Henry de Bohun, by Maud de Mandeville: i. HUMPHREY DE BOHUN, Knt., 6th Earl of Hereford, 7th Earl of Essex [see next]. ii. HENRY DE BOHUN, younger son. He may be the "Sir Henry le Bohon," rector of Farley, Hampshire, who c.1260-70 was granted one virgate of land in Hernard, Hampshire called Hinewode by Reynold Fitz Peter. He was buried at Llanthony Priory outside Gloucester. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(1) (1830): 134-136 (Bohun ped. in Llanthony Abbey records: "Henricus de Bohun antedictus, desponsavit Matildem filiam et hæredem domini Galfridi fill Petri comitis Essexiæ; de quibus procreati fuerunt Humfredus quintus de Bohun, comes Hereford et Essex et constabularius Angliæ, et dominus Henricus de Bohun ..."). Coll. Top. et Gen. 1(1834): 168-169. Rpt. on MSS in Various Colls. 4 (Hist. MSS Corn. 55) (1907): 148.” 2. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “GEOFFREY FITZ PETER, Knt., of Wellsworth (in Chalton), Hampshire, Cherhill and Costow, Wiltshire, Chief Forester, Sheriff of Northamptonshire, 1184-89, 1191-94, Sheriff of Essex and Hertfordshire, 1190-93, Constable of Hertford Castle, Justiciar of England, 1198-1213, Sheriff of Staffordshire, 1198, Sheriff of Yorkshire, 1198-1200, 1202-4, Sheriff of Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire, 1199-1204, Sheriff of Westmorland, 1199-1200, Sheriff of Hampshire, 1201-4, Sheriff of Shropshire, 1201-4, and, in right of his 1st wife, of Streadey, Berkshire, Amersharn and Quarrendon, Buckinghamshire, Pleshey, Essex, Digswell, Hertfordshire, Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire, etc., younger son, born before 1145. Sometime in the period, 1157-66, he witnessed an exchange of land between Roger de Tichborne and the Bishop of Winchester. He held a fee in Cherhill, Wiltshire of new enfeoffment in 1166. Sometime in the period, c.1166-90, Elias de Studley conveyed to him his land held of the fee of William Malbanc in Heytesbury and Cherhill, Wiltshire at an annual rent of 20s. In 1184 he accounted for the farm of Kinver before the itinerant justices in Oxfordshire. He married (1st) before 25 Jan. 1184/5 BEATRICE DE SAY, daughter and co-heiress of William de Say, of Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire, and Saham, Norfolk [see SAY 4.i for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Geoffrey de Mandeville [5th Earl of Essex], William de Mandeville, Knt. [6th Earl of Essex], and Henry [Dean of Wolverhampton], and two daughters, Maud and Alice. In 1186-7 King Henry II granted him the manor of Cherhill, Wiltshire, to hold in fee and inheritance by the service of one knight, as his father Peter or his brother Robert held it. In the period, 1186-89, he and his two half-brothers, William and Hugh de Buckland, witnessed a charter of William, Earl of Ferrers, to Ralph Fitz Stephen. In the period, c.1189-99, he founded Shouldham Abbey, Norfolk, to which he gave the manor and the advowson of the church of Shouldham, Norfolk, together with the churches of Shouldham Thorpe, Stoke Ferry, and Wereham, Norfolk. In 1190 he obtained the lands to which his wife's grandmother, Beatrice, had become heir on the death of her nephew, William de Mandeville, Earl of Essex. From Easter 1190 he received the third penny of the county of Essex. Sometime in the period, 1190-1213, Sibyl de Fiennes, daughter of Pharamus of Boulogne, conveyed to him 300 acres on Hyngeshill [?in Quarrendon, Buckinghamshire] at an annual rent of an unmewed sparrowhawk, or 12d. Sometime in the period, 1190-1213, he granted the manor of Cherhill, Wiltshire to his younger son, William de Mandeville. He was one of those excommunicated for his part in removing Longchamp in 1191. About 1195 he and his half-brothers, William and Geoffrey de Buckland, witnessed a charter of Geoffrey Fitz Nigel de Gardino to William de Ultra la Haia. In 1195 he owed £4 4s. in the vill of Lydford, Devon for making the market of the king there. His wife, Beatrice, died in childbed before 19 April 1197. Her body was initially buried in Chicksands Priory, Bedfordshire, but later transferred to Shouldham Priory, Norfolk. In 1198 Eustace de Balliol and his wife, Pernel (widow of Geoffrey's brother Robert), quitclaimed all their right to lands in Salthrop (in Wroughton), Wiltshire to Geoffrey, in return for 30 marks silver. He was present at the Coronation of King John 27 May 1199, where he was girded with the sword of earl. In the period, 1199-1216, Geoffrey gave Shouldham Priory, Norfolk twelve shops, with the rooms over them, in the parish of St. Mary's Colechurch, London, for the purpose of sustaining the lights of the church and of providing the sacramental wine. Sometime in or before 1199, he made a grant to William de Wrotham, Archdeacon of Taunton, of all his land of Sutton at Hone, Kent to make a hospital for the maintenance of thirteen poor men and three chaplains in honour of the Holy Trinity, St. Mary, and All Saints. He was granted a weekly market and yearly fair at Amersham, Buckinghamshire and Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire in 1200. In the period, 1200-13, he made notification that Abbot Ralph and the convent of Westminster had at his petition confirmed to the nuns of Shouldham all tithes pertaining to them in Clakelose Hundred, Norfolk, in return for £1 10s. due annually to the almoner of Westminster. In the same period, Abbot Ralph and the convent of Westminster granted him the vill of Claygate, Surrey to hold of them for his lifetime. In 1204 King John granted him the manor of Winterslow, Wiltshire, and, in 1205, the honour of Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire with the castle at a fee farm of £100 per annum. Geoffrey married (2nd) before 29 May 1205 (date of grant) AVELINE DE CLARE, widow of William de Munchensy, of Swanscombe, Kent, Winfarthing and Gooderstone, Norfolk, etc. (died shortly before 7 May 1204) [see CLARE 4.ii], and daughter of Roger de Clare, Earl of Clare or Hertford, by Maud, daughter and heiress of James de Saint Hilary [see CLARE 4 for her ancestry]. They had one son, John, Knt, and four daughters, Hawise, Cecily, ___, and Maud. He campaigned against the Welsh in 1206 and 1210. He was granted a significant part of the lands forfeited by Normans, including the manors of Depden and Hatfield Peverel, Essex, and other lands in Norfolk and Suffolk, all worth over £100 per annum. In 1207 the king confirmed his possession of the manor of Notgrove, Gloucestershire, which Geoffrey had by the gift of John Eskelling. The same year he was granted a weekly market and yearly fair at Moretonhampstead, Devon. Sometime before 1212, he was granted the manor of Gussage Dynaunt (or Gussage St. Michael), Dorset, which manor was forfeited by Roland de Dinan. At some unspecified date, when already earl, he granted all his right in St. Peter's chapel in Drayton to the canons of St. Peter's Cathedral, York. He was the founder of the first church of Whitney Priory, Hampshire. SIR GEOFFREY FITZ PETER, Earl of Essex, died 14 October 1213, and was buried in Shouldham Priory, Norfolk. In 1213-4 the king commanded Geoffrey de Buckland to let the king have, at the price any others would give for them, the corn, pigs, and other chattels at Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire which belonged his brother, Geoffrey Fitz Peter, lately deceased. About 1214 his widow, Aveline, granted the canons of Holy Trinity, London, in frank almoin, a half mark quit rent out of her manor of Towcester, Northamptonshire, part of whose body is buried there. In 1221 the Prior of the Hospital of Jerusalem in England sued her regarding two virgates and five acres of land in Towcester, Northamptonshire. Aveline, Countess of Essex, died before 4 June 1225. Blomefield Essay towards a Top. Hist. of Norfolk 7 (1807): 414-427. Clutterbuck Hist. & Antiq. of the County of Hertford 1 (1815): 293 (Fitz Peter ped.). Montmorency-Morres Genealogical Memoir of the Fam. of Montmorency (1817): xxxii-xxxvi. Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 1 (1822-1830): 544-545 (Mandeville-Fitz Peter-Bohun ped.). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 721-722; 6(1) (1830): 339-340; 6(3) (1830): 1191 (charter of Geoffrey Fitz Peter). Clutterbuck Hist. & Antiqs. of Hertford 3 (1827): 190-194 (Mandeville-Say ped.). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 273 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1213: "Obiit Gaufridus filius Petri comes de Essexe, et justitiarius totrus Angliæ, tunc temporis cunctis in Anglia præstantior."). Notes & Queries 4th Ser. 3 (1869): 484-485 (Fitz Peter ped.). Clark Earls, Earldom, & Castle of Pembroke (1880): 76-114. Lee Hist., Desc. & Antiqs. of ... Thame (1883): 332 (Mandeville ped). Maitland Bracton's Note Book 2 (1887): 193-194; 3 (1887): 452-453. Round Ancient Charters Royal & Private Prior to AD. 1200 (Pipe Roll Soc. 10) (1888): 97-99 (confirmation by King Richard I dated 1191 to Geoffrey Fitz Peter and Beatrice his wife, as rightful and next heirs, of all the land of Earl William de Mandeville, which was hers by hereditary right), 108-110 (confirmation by King Richard I dated 1198 of the division of their inheritance made by Beatrice and Maud, daughters and co-heirs of William de Say, in the time of his father, King Henry II). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 2 (1894): 91, 93. Moore Cartularium Monasterii Sancti Johannis Baptiste de Colecestria 2 (1897): 349-350, 354, 371-372. Feet of Fines of King Richard I A.D. 1197 to A.D. 1198 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. 23) (1898): 36-37, 58-59, 85, 130-131. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 1, 43, 54, 92, 117, 127, 150, 161. Feet of Fines of King Richard I A.D. 1198 to A.D. 1199 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. 24) (1900): 15. VCH Norfolk 2 (1906): 412-414. VCH Essex 2 (1907): 110-115; 4(1956): 158-162. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 2 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 51) (1908): 224-225. VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 81-85, 501-511. Genealogist n.s. 34 (1918): 181-189 (two charters of Geoffrey Fitz Peter, Earl of Essex, and two charters of his widow, Aveline, Countess of Essex). Book of Fees 1 (1920): 91-92. Fowler & Hughes Cal. of the Pipe Rolls of the Reign of Richard I for Buckinghamshire & Bedfordshire, 1189-1199 (Pubs. Bedfordshire Hist Rec. Soc. 7) (1923): 215, 218-219. VCH Berkshire 3 (1923): 511-516. VCH Buckingham 3 (1925): 141-155; 4 (1927): 100-102. C.P. 5 (1926): 122-125 (sub Essex), 437 (chart) (sub Fitz John); 9 (1936):420 (sub Munchensy). VCH Kent 2 (1926): 175-176. Foster Registrum Antiquissimum of the Cathedral Church of Lincoln 3 (Lincoln Rec. Soc. 29) (1935): 216-218. Gibbs Early Charters of the Cathedral Church of St. Paul (Camden Soc. 3rd Ser. 58) (1939): 34-37, 41, 92-93, 255-256. C.R.R. 10 (1949): 24, 103, 228. Hassall Cartulary of St. Mary Clerkenwell (Camden 3rd ser. 71) (1949): 100-101. Paget (1957) 130:5 (see Genealogist n.s. 14:181). West Justiciarship in England, 1066-1232 (1966). Elvey Luffield Priory Charters 1 (Buckingham Rec. Soc. 22) (1968): 174-176. Chew & Weimbaum London Eyre of 1244 (London Rec. Soc. 6) (1970): 118. VCH Hampshire 2 (1973) 149-151; 3 (1908): 107; 4 (1911): 79-81. Burton Cartulary of the Treasurer of York Minster (Borthwick Texts & Cals.: Recs. of the Northern Province 5) (1978): 52-53 (charter of Geoffrey Fitz Peter, Earl of Essex dated 1199-1212). London Cartulary of Bradenstoke Priory (Wiltshire Rec. Soc. 35) (1979): 85,165-168. Mason Beauchamp Cartulary Charters (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 43) (1980): 186-187, 189-190, 191 (charter dated 1190-1213 of Geoffrey Fitz Peter, Earl of Essex, to his son, William de Mandeville), 194-197. Holt Acta of Henry II and Richard I (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 21) (1986): 193,202-203. Mason Westminster Abbey Charters, 1066-c.1214 (London Rec. Soc. 25) (1988): 308-309 (charter of Geoffrey Fitz Peter, Earl of Essex; charter witnessed by Geoffrey de Bocland. Seal on tag - obverse: earl of horseback, brandishing a sword. Legend: SI[GILLUM GAUFRIDI COMITI]S EXIE +; Counterseal: six-petalled flower (worn); Legend: ...IL...ETRI...), 309, 314-315 (charter of Geoffrey Fitz Peter, Earl of Essex). Brand Earliest English Law Reports 1 (Selden Soc., vol. 111) (1996): 16-17, 84-91. Turner Men Raised from the Dust (1988): 35-70 (biog. of Geoffrey Fitz Peter), App. Chart A (Fitz Peter ped.). Haskins Soc. Jour. 1 (1989): 147-172. Franklin English Episcopal Acta 8 (1993): 78-79. Ward Women of the English Nobility & Gentry 1066-1500 (1995): 100-101. Thorley Docs. in Medieval Latin (1998): 55-55. Breay Cartulary of Chatteris Abbey (1999): 151. Greenway Book of the Foundation of Walden Monastery (1999): xxviii-xxx. Norfolk Rec. Office: Hare Family, Baronets of Stow Bardolph, Hare 2706 198 x 4 (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Children of Geoffrey Fitz Peter, Knt., by Beatrice de Say: i. GEOFFREY DE MANDEVILLE, Knt., 5th Earl of Essex, Constable of the Tower of London, 1213, Lord of the Honour of Glamorgan, 1214, Joint Marshal of the Army of the Barons, 1215, Governor of Essex for the Barons, 1215, and, in right of his 2nd wife, Earl of Gloucester, son and heir by his father's 1st marriage. He married (1st) MAUD FITZ ROBERT, 1st daughter of Robert Fitz Walter, of Little Dunmow, Burnham, and Woodharn Walter, Essex, Constable of Hertford Castle, Magna Carta Baron, by his 1st wife, Gunnor, daughter and heiress of Robert de Valoines [see FITZ WALTER 6 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. His wife, Maud, was buried in Dunmow Priory, Essex. He married (2nd) 16/26 Jan. 1213/4 ISABEL OF GLOUCESTER, Countess of Gloucester, lady of Glamorgan, divorced wife of King John of England [see ENGLAND 5], and youngest daughter and co-heiress of William Fitz Robert, Earl of Gloucester, by Hawise, daughter of Robert of Meulan, Knt., 1st Earl of Leicester [see GLOUCESTER 4 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. SIR GEOFFREY DE MANDEVILLE, 5th Earl of Essex, was killed in a tournament in London 23 Feb. 1215/6. In 1217 his widow, Isabel, granted to the canons of Holy, Trinity, London for the souls of herself and Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex, her late husband, a mark quit rent in the land and dwelling house that Godard de Antiochia held in the parish of St. Lawrence Jewry, London. Isabel married (3rd) c.17 Sept. 1217 (as his 2nd wife) HUBERT DE BURGH, Knt., Chamberlain to John, Count of Mortain [future King John], 1198-9, King's Chamberlain, 1199-1205, Earl of Kent [see BARDOLF 8; SCOTLAND 4.1] son of Walter de Burgh, of Burgh near Aylsham, Norfolk, by his wife, Alice. Isabel, Countess of Gloucester and Essex, died 14 October 1217, and was buried in Canterbury Cathedral Church. HUBERT DE BURGH, Earl of Kent died testate shortly before 5 May 1243. Montmorency-Morres Genealogical Memoir of the Fam. of Montmorency (1817): xxxii-xxxvi. Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 1(1822-30): 544-545 (Mandeville-Fitz Peter ped.). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 325 (charter of Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent; charter witnessed by Walter de Burgh); 6(1) (1830): 74 (gifts by Sir Hubert de Burgh of the churches of Oulton, Norfolk and Badingham, Suffolk to Walsingharn Priory); 6(2) (1830): 942 (two charters of Hubert de Burgh). Roberts Excerpta è rotulis finium in Turri Londinensi asservatis, Henrico Tertio rege 1(1835): 405-406, 465. Gilbert Parochial Hist. of Cornwall 3 (1838): 350 (charter of Hubert de Burgh, King's Chamberlain). Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon Ex Chronicis 2 (1849): 179 (sub 1243: "Hubertus de Burgo, comes Cantiæ, obiit III. id. Maii [13 Maii]"). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 282 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1215: "Obiit Gaufridus de Mandevilla comes de Essexia."), 289 (Annales de Waverleia sub A.D. 1217: "Obiit Isabel comitissa Gloucestriæ"); 3 (1866): 45 (Dunstable Annals sub A.D. 1214: "... ex quibus miles unus Galfridum de Mandevilla ludendo percussit, et mortuus est. Qui paulo ante guerram Johannam, comitissam Gloucestriæ, repucliatam a Johanne, rage Angliæ (archiepiscopo Burdegalensi divortium celebrante,) duxit in uxorem, licet invitus Cui sine filiis mortuo, successit Willelmus frater ejus, et relictam ipsius duxit Hubertus de Burgo, justiciarius Angliæ; guæ post paucos dies decessit, et apud Cantuariam sepelitur."), 128 (Dunstable Annals sub AD. 1232: "Hubertus de Burgo, justiciarius Anglia, conventus super peregrinatione sanctæ Crucis per literas Pap, per absolutionem Pandulfi legati tunc Angliæ, se rationabiliter expedivit. Super divortio vero tertiæ uxoris suæ, scilicet filiæ regis Scotiæ, conventus, super eo quod erat consanguinea secundæ uxoris suæ, scilicet cornitissæ Gloverniæ ..."). Matthew of Paris Matthæi Patisiensis 2 (Rolls Ser. 44) (1866): 477 (sub A.D. 1243: "Et eodem anno, idus Maii [12 May], post multas, quas in mundo toleraverat patienter, persecutiones, comes Canciæ Hubertus de Burgo, de quo multa praescribuntur, laudabiliter diem clausit extremum apud Banstude, manerium suum. Et delatum est corpus suum tumulandum Londoniis, in domo frattum Prædicatorum, quibus vivens multa bona contulerat, et corpus veneranter intumulandum delegaverat."). Notes & Queries 4th Ser. 3 (1869): 484-485 (Fitz Peter ped.). Lee Hist., Desc. & Antiqs. of ... Thame (1883): 331-332 (Mandeville ped.). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 685 (sub Essex); 2 (1886): 12-13 (sub Gloucester). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 2 (1894): 72, 93. Wordsworth Ceremonies & Processions of the Cathedral Church of Salisbury (1901): 24-30, 235 (Obit Kalendar: "9 May - Obijt Hubertus de Burgo, justiciarius Anglie [A.D. 12421"). English Hist. Rev. 19 (1904): 707-711; 50 (1935): 418-432. Parker Cal. of Lancashire Assize Rolls 1 (Rec. Soc. of Lancashire & Cheshire 47) (1904): 124-125. VCH Essex 2 (1907): 110-115. VCH Hampshire 3 (1908): 102-110. VCH Lancaster 8 (1914): 77, 85, 189, 192, 207, 231. C.P. 5 (1926): 126-130 (sub Essex), 689-692 (sub Gloucester); 7 (1929): 133-142 (sub Kent). Clay Early Yorkshire Charters 8 (1949): chart opp. 1,26-35. Ellis Hubert de Burgh: A Study in Constang (1952). Viator 5 (1974): 235-252. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354. Patterson ed. Haskins Soc. Jour. Studies in Medieval Hist. 1 (1989): 170 (Fitz Peter ped.). Holt Magna Carta (1992): 206-210. Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 142 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "14 October [2 Id. Oct] Obierunt Ysabel comitissa Gouernie, soror at benefactrix nostra"). Turner Judges, Administrators & the Common Law in Angevin England (1994): 306 (Fitz Peter ped.). University of Toronto Deed Research Project, #00810076, 00810114, 00810140, 00810141, 00810142, 00810143, 00810144, 00810145, 00810146, 00810147, 00810150, 01400342 (charters of Isabel, Countess of Gloucester and Essex, dated variously 1214-1217) (available at http://res.deeds.utoronto.ca:49838/research). ii. WILLIAM DE MANDEVILLE, Knt., 6th Earl of Essex, of Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, Moreton Hampstead, Devon, Gussage St. Michael, Dorset, Wellsworth, Hampshire, Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire, Cherhill, Wiltshire, etc., 2nd son by his father's 1st marriage. He married before 18 Nov. 1220 CHRISTIAN (or CHRISTINE) FITZ ROBERT, 2nd daughter of Robert Fitz Walter, of Little Dunmow, Burnham, and Woodham Walter, Essex, Constable of Hertford Castle, Magna Carta Baron, by his lst wife, Gunnor, daughter and heiress of Robert de Valoines [see FITZ WALTER 6 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. Sometime in the period, 1190-1213, his father granted him the manor of Cherhill, Wiltshire. His wife, Christian, held four fees of the honour of Valoines of the gift of her father, including Lockleys (in Welwyn) and Radwell, Hertfordshire. She granted all her men in the vill of Ashwell, Hertfordshire to Walden Priory in Essex. At an unknown date, she gave part of the lordship of Wolferton, Norfolk to Shouldham Priory. He was heir in 1216 to his older brother, Geoffrey de Mandeville, Knt., 5th Earl of Essex. In 1218 his aunt, Maud de Say, sued him for a moiety share of various manors of the Mandeville inheritance, including Pleshey, Essex, Streatley, Berkshire, Amersham and Quarrendon, Buckinghamshire, Enfield, Middlesex, Compton, Warwickshire, etc. In 1220 he and his wife, Christian, granted the advowson of the church of Westlee, Norfolk to Binham Priory. In 1222 he rebuilt his house at Streatley, Berkshire. In 1223 he was in Wales with the Earl of Salisbury and the Earl Marshal in their campaign against Llywelyn. He was appointed Joint Ambassador to France in 1225. SIR WILLIAM DE MANDEVILLE, 6th Earl of Essex, died testate 8 Jan. 1226/7, and was buried in Shouldham Priory, Norfolk, his heart being buried in Walden Abbey, Essex. In 1227 his widow, Christian, granted all her lands in the vill of Westley (in Westley Waterless), Cambridgeshire, together with the advowson of the church, to Geoffrey de Lanvallay and his mother, Hawise de Buckland [half-sister of Geoffrey Fitz Peter, Earl of Essex]. Christian married (2nd) before 15 May 1227 RAYMOND DE BURGH, Knt., of Dartford, Kent, Constable of Hertford Castle, kinsman of Hubert de Burgh, Knt., Earl of Kent. They had no issue. He accompanied the king on the expedition to Brittany in April 1230. SIR RAYMOND DE BURGH was drowned in the Loire at Nantes on or shortly before 1 July 1230, and was buried at the Hospital of St. Mary at Dover. Christian, Countess of Essex, died shortly before 17 June 1232, and was buried with her 1st husband in Shouldham Priory, Norfolk. Blomefield Esscy towards a Top. Hist. of Norfolk 7 (1807): 419 (charter of Christian de Mandeville, Countess of Essex); 9 (1808): 195-196. Montmorency-Morres Genealogical Memoir of the Fam. of Montmorency (1817): xxxii-xxxvi. Baker Hist. & Antiq. of Northampton 1 (1822-30): 544-545 (Mandeville-Fitz Peter ped.). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 303 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1227: "Obiit Willelmus de Mandewilla comes Essexim."). Notes & Queries 4th Ser. 3 (1869): 484-485 (Fitz Peter ped.). Genealogist 6 (1882): 1-7. Lee Hist., Desc. & Antiqs. of … Thame (1883): 331-332 (Mandeville ped.). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 685 (sub Essex). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 2 (1894): 72,93. Moore Cartularium Afonarterii Sancti Johannis Baptiste de Colecestria (1897): 201-202, 205-206 (charter dated 1227 of Christian de Mandeville, Countess of Essex, widow, to Geoffrey de Lanvaley son of William and Hawise sister [sororis] of Geoffrey Fitz Peter formerly Justiciar of England), 206-207 (charter dated 1227-30 of Raymond de Burgh confirming grant of his wife, Christian de Mandeville, Countess of Essex to Geoffrey de Lanvalei son of William and his wife Hawise). Ancestor 11(1904): 129-135. English Hirt. Rev. 19 (1904): 707-711. VCH Essex 2 (1907): 110-115, 150-154. VCH Hampshire 3 (1908): 107. VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 33-37, 73-77, 102-110, 165-171, 199-209, 244-247, 501-511. VCH Berkshire 3 (1923): 511-516. C.P. 5 (1926): 130-133 (sub Essex). Jenkins Cal. of the Rolls of the Justices on Eyre 1227 (Buckinghamshire Arch. Soc. 6) (1945): 46, 55. VCH Hertford 4 (1971): 426-428. VCH Cambridge 5 (1973): 4-16; 6 (1978): 177-182. Mason Beauchamp Cartulary Charters (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 43) (1980): 191 (charter dated 1190-1213 of Geoffrey Fitz Peter, Earl of Essex, to his son, William de Mandeville). Patterson ed. Haskins Soc. Jour. Studies in Medieval Hist. 1 (1989): 170 (Fitz Peter ped.). Turner Judges, Administrators & the Common Law in Angevin England (1994): 306 (Fitz Peter ped.). Online resource: www.finerollshenrylorg.uk/content/calendar/roll_025.html. iii. HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, King's clerk, 3rd son. He was appointed Dean of Wolverhampton, Staffordshire by the king in 1205. The king granted him a prebend in the diocese of Lincoln in 1207. Sometime in the period, 1213-18, he resigned all his right in the church of Preston to Abbot and convent of Cirencester, Gloucestershire. He died sometime before 1224, when Giles de Erdington occurs as his successor as Dean of Wolverhampton. Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 1 (1822-1830): 544-545 (Mandeville-Fitz Peter-Bohun ped.). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(3) (1846): 1443. Notes & Queries 4th Ser. 3 (1869): 484-485 (Fitz Peter ped.). Lee Hist., Description & Antiqs. of ... Thame (1883): 332 (Mandeville ped.). Ross Cartulary of Circencester Abbey, Gloucestershire 2 (1964): 340 (notification by Henry clerk, son of Geoffrey Fitz Peter formerly Earl of Essex dated 1213-18). VCH Stafford 3 (1970): 321-331. Greenway Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066-1300 3 (1977): 118-150. iv. MAUD DE MANDEVILLE, Countess of Essex, married (1st) HENRY DE BOHUN, Earl of Hereford [see BOHUN 5]; (2nd) ROGER DE DAUNTSEY, Knt., of Dauntsey and Wilsford, Wiltshire [see BOHUN 5]. v. ALICE FITZ GEOFFREY, died without issue sometime before 1227. Brand Earliest English Law Reports 1 (Selden Society 111) (1996): 84-91. Children of Geoffrey Fitz Peter, Knt, by Aveline de Clare: i. JOHN FITZ GEOFFREY, Knt, of Shere, Surrey, Fambridge, Essex, etc., married ISABELLE BIGOD [see VERDUN 8]. ii. HAWISE FITZ GEOFFREY, married REYNOLD DE MOHUN, Knt, of Dunster, Somerset [see MOHUN 8]. iii. CECILY FITZ GEOFFREY, married SAVARY DE BOHUN, of Midhurst, Sussex [see MIDHURST 3]. iv. FITZ GEOFFREY, married WILLIAM DE LA ROCHELLE, of South Ockendon, Essex, Market Lavington, Wiltshire, etc. [see HARLESTON 3]. v. MAUD FITZ GEOFFREY, married (1st) HENRY D'OILLY, of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, King's Constable [see CANTELOWE 4]; (2nd) WILLIAM DE CANTELOWE, Knt., of Eaton Bray, Bedfordshire, Steward of the Royal Household [see CANTELOWE 4].” 3. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “ISABEL LE BIGOD, married (1st) GILBERT DE LACY (or LASCY), of Ewyas Lacy, Herefordshire, son and heir apparent of Walter de Lacy, Knt., of Weobley, Holme Lacy, Mansell Gamage, and Yarkhill, Herefordshire, Ludlow, Rock [Farm] (in Ludlow), and Stanton Lacy, Shropshire, lord of Meath, Ireland, by Margaret (or Margery), daughter of William de Brewes. Isabel's maritagium included lands in Great Connell, co. Kildare, Ireland. They had one son, Walter, and two daughters, Margery and Maud. Gilbert was hostage for his father in August 1215. GILBERT DE LACY died shortly before 25 Dec. 1230, and was buried in Llanthony Priory, Wales. His widow, Isabel, married (2nd) before 12 April 1234 JOHN FITZ GEOFFREY, Knt., of Shere, Surrey, Fambridge, Essex, Whaddon, Steeple Claydon, Quarrendon, and Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, Redmarley Adam (in Great Witley), Worcestershire, etc., Sheriff of Yorkshire, 1234-6, Justiciar of Ireland, Justice of the Forest south of Trent, younger son of Geoffrey Fitz Peter, Knt., Earl of Essex, Justiciar of England, by his 2nd wife, Aveline, daughter of Roger de Clare, Earl of Clare [see ESSEX 2 for his ancestry]. He was born about 1205. They had two sons, John, Knt. [Lord Fitz John] and Richard, Knt. [Lord Fitz John], and four daughters, Maud, Isabel, Aveline, and Joan. In 1227 he sued the Abbot of Missenden for 22 acres of meadow in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire in which the abbot had ingress only through Ralph de Chenduit to whom William [de Mandeville], Earl of Essex (brother of the said John), demised the meadow for a term. He was granted the manor of Steeple Claydon, Buckinghamshire about 1230 by Henry d'Oilly' his possession of the manor was confirmed by the king in 1232 following the death of Henry d'Oilly. In 1233 he was summoned to respond to Henry de Kemeseck regarding the right of presentation to the church of East Tilbury, Essex. John replied that that the church belonged to the hospital which his father, Geoffrey Fitz Peter, had built upon land purchased from Clement de Monasterio, who held it of the church. Clement was present and said that Geoffrey had taken the land from him by force. It was admitted that the land on which the hospital was built pertained to the church, which in its turn pertained to the ancestral fief of the earls at Pleshey. Consequently John lost his case. Sometime in the period, 1233-6, his half-sister, Maud de Mandeville, Countess of Essex and Hereford, quitclaimed to him 100s. which he owed her annually for Cherhill, Wiltshire. In 1234 she granted him the manor of Quarrendon, Buckinghamshire, he rendering to her the service due to the chief lord of the fee, as well as the service of a twentieth of a knight. In 1237 he was sent to the Council of Lyons to protest against the papal tribute. In 1240 the king granted him the manor of Ringwood, Hampshire, it being described as "of the lands of the Bretons." The king granted him the manor of Whaddon, Buckinghamshire in 1242, which Hugh d'Aubeney, Earl of Arundel, had surrendered to the king of the lands of the Normans. The same year the marriage of the sons and heirs of John de Vipont was granted to him for a fine of 200 marks. In 1243 Roger de Clere conveyed the manor of Twineham Benfield (in Twineham), Sussex to him. In 1253 the king granted him the cantred of the Isles of Thomon in Ireland. In 1254, at his instance, the king gave a charter to his nephew, Richard de la Rokele, for free warren in Richard's demesne lands in the counties of Kent, Wiltshire, and Essex, together with weekly markets and annual fairs at his manors of Wokenden, Essex and Marke Lavington, Wiltshire. SIR JOHN FITZ GEOFFREY died 23 Nov. 1258. Montmorency-Morres Genealogical Memoir of the Fam. of Montmorency (1817): xxxii-xxxvi. Roberts Excerpta è rotulis finium in Turri Londinensi 1 (1835): 158. Grace Annales Hibernia (1842): 26 (Marshal ped.: "Matilda [Marshal] nupsit Hugoni Bigot, comiti Norfolciæ, qui jure uxoris fait mariscalcius Angliæ, hic ex ea generavit Radulphum Bigot, pattem Johannis Bigot, qui fuit filius dominæ Bertæ de Furnivall, et Isabelle de Lacy uxoris domini Johannis fitz Geffrey; mortuo autem Hugone Bigot cornite Norfolciæ, Johannes Garrune comes Surricæ ex filia filium nomine Ricardum et sororem Isabellam de Albeney, comitissam de Arundell." Eyton Ataiqs. of Shropshire 5 (1857): 240 (Lacy ped.), 256-279. Burke Gen. Hist. of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited & Extinct Peerages (1866): 53 (sub Bigod). Luard Annales Monastici 4 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1869): 122 (Annals of Oseney sub A.D. 1258: "Eodem anno ad festum Sancti Clementis [23 November] obiit nobilis vir Johannes filius Galfridi, justiciarius regis in Hibernia."). Lee Hist., Desc. & Antiqs. of ...Thame (1883): 331-332 (Mandeville ped). Gilbert Reg. of the Abbey of St. Thomas, Dublin (1889): 420. Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 1 (1890): 9-21. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 797 (seal of John Fitz Geoffrey dated 13th century - A shield of arms: quarterly, a label of (five?) points [FITZ PETER]); 3 (1894): 170 (seal of Gilbert de Lacy son of Walter de Lacy, of co. Salop [ob. A.D. 1234] dated early 13th Cent. - A shield of arms: A fess. Legend: "SIGILLVM GILBERTI DE LACI." Beaded border.). Wrottesley Staffordshire Suits: Plea Rolls (Calls. Hist. Staffs. 14) (1893): 81-82. List of Sherffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 161. Salzman Feet of Fines Rel. Sussex 1 (Sussex Rec. Soc. 2) (1902): 113. English Hist. Rev. 18 (1903): 112-116. Genealogist n.s. 21 (1905): 1-5. Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 59, 160-161. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 319, 346. VCH Essex 2 (1907): 191. C.P.R. 1247-1258 (1908): 341. VCH Hampshire 4 (1911): 606-614. VCH Surrey 3 (1911): 86-92. Orpen Ireland under the Normans 1216-13333 (1920): 232 ("In a quit-claim to the advowson of the church of Kenles in Fothered, Richard de la Rochelle calls John Fitz Geoffrey his avunculus: MS. Kilkenny Castle, dated 1264."), 286-287 (Lacy ped.); 4 (1920): 61. VCH Worcester 4 (1924): 372-375. VCH Buckingham 3 (1925): 6-7 (arms of Fitz. John: Quarterly or and gules a border vair), 12-19, 435-442; 4 (1927): 74-76, 100-102, 226-229. C.P. 5 (1926): 434, 437 chart (sub Fitzjohn), 629 (sub Geneville); 9 (1936): 590, footnote c; 12(2) (1959): 248. VCH Rutland 2 (1935): 250-254. VCH Sussex 7 (1940): 186-191. Jenkins Cal. of the Rolls of the Justices on Eyre 1 227 (Buckinghamshire Arch. Soc. 6) (1945): 46. Paget Baronage of England (1957) 64: 1-2 (sub Bigod); 220: 1-2, 310: 4-5. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 95. Sheehy Pontificia Hibernica 2 (1965): 243, footnote 7 (identifies Richard de la Rokele as nephew of John Fitz Geoffrey). Chew & Weimbaum London Eyre of 1244 (London Rec. Soc. 6) (1970): 118. C.R.R. 15 (1972): 110-111. Mason Beauchamp Cartulary Charters (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 43) (1980): 188 (charter dated 1234 of Maud de Mandeville, Countess of Essex and Hereford, to her "brother" [fratri], John Fitz Geoffrey), 189, 191 (charter dated 1233-6 of Maud, Countess of Essex and Hereford, to her "brother' [fratri] John Fitz Geoffrey), 192-193. Patterson ed. Haskins Soc. Jour. Studies in Medieval Hist. 1 (1989): 170 (Fitz Peter ped.). Turner Judges, Administrators & the Common Law in Angevin England (1994): 306 (Fitz Peter ped.). Brand Earliest English Law Rpts. 1 (Selden Soc. 111) (1996): 16-17,84-91. Prestwich Edward I (1997): 13, 22 ("One of the most important of Edward's English councillors was John FitzGeoffrey, a man of impeccable curial background"), 24-25. Morris Bigod Earls of Norfolk in the 13th Cent. (2005): chart opp. 1. University of Toronto Deed Research Project, #00110962,00320330 (charter of Maud de Mandeville, Countess of Essex and Hereford, to her "brother" [fratri], John Fitz Geoffrey dated 1234) (available at http:// res.deeds.utoronto.ca:49838/research). Online resource: http://www.briantimms.net/rollsofarrns/rolls/gloversBl.htm (Glover's Roll dated c.1252 - arms of John Fitz Geoffrey: Quarterly or and gales overall a bordure vair). Children of Isabel le Bigod, by Gilbert de Lacy: i. WALTER DE LACY, son and heir. He married ROHESE (or ROSE) LE BOTELER (or BUTLER), daughter of Thebaud (or Tebaud) le Boteler. They had no issue. WALTER DE LACY died between 15 May 1238 and 1241. Eyton Antiqs. of Shropshire 5 (1857): 240 (Lacy ped.), 256-279. Gilbert Reg. of the Abbey of St. Thomas, Dublin (1889): 420. Genealogist n.s. 21(1905): 1-5. Paget Baronage of England (1957) 310:5. ii. MARGERY DE LACY [see next]. iii. MAUD DE LACY (or LASCY), younger daughter. She was co-heiress to her brother, Walter de Lacy, sometime in the period, 1238-41. She was co-heiress in 1241 to her paternal grandfather, Walter de Lacy, Knt., by which she inherited half of the barony of Weobley, Herefordshire. She married (1st) before 15 March 1244 PETER (or PIERRE) OF GENEVA (or GENEVE), Governor of Windsor Castle, 1248-9, and, in right of his wife, of Ludlow, Shropshire, eldest son of Humbert, Count of Genevois. He was a near kinsman of Queen Eleanor of Provence, wife of King Henry III of England. They had one son and one daughter, both of whom died in infancy. He first appears in connection with English affairs in 1242, when King Henry III, being at Bordeaux, gave him custody of the land and heir of William d'Aubeney. In 1245 he was granted the manor of Dilwyn, Herefordshire and the custody of the land formerly belonging to Richard de Kaynes till the dower lands of his wife's inheritance should be delivered to him. In 1248 he was granted custody of Windsor Castle, Berkshire, and two other royal castles. PETER OF GENEVA died shortly before 29 June 1249. She married (2nd) before 8 August 1252 GEOFFREY DE GENEVILLE (or GEYNVILL, JOINVILLE), Knt., seigneur of Vaucouleurs (Meuse, ax. Commercy) in Champagne, France, Justiciar of Ireland, 1273, King's Marshal, and, in right of his wife, of Ludlow, Shropshire, and Drogheda and Blathagh' Castles in Ireland, younger son of Simon de Joinville, seigneur of Joinville (Haute-Marne, ar. Saint-Dizier) in Champagne, Seneschal of Champagne, 1204-33, by his 2nd wife, Beatrix, daughter of Etienne III, Count of Burgundy and Auxonne. He was born in or after 1226. They had eight sons, Geoffrey, Peter, Knt., Walter, John (or Jean), Simon, Nicholas, Peter (2nd of name), and William, and two daughters, Joan and Katherine [Prioress of Aconbury]. He arrived in England soon after 9 March 1250/1. In 1252 he and his wife, Maud, had livery of all the liberties and customs of Meath, which her grandfather, Walter de Lacy, had held. In 1254 they had livery of the Castle of Trim in Ireland, and a moiety of 40 marcates of land. The same year he was granted 50 livres toumois by the king to sustain him in the king's service. He was in Gascony with Edward the king's son in August 1255. In 1259 he and his wife, Maud, gave 40s. of annual rent from lands by Kenlis to Beaubec Abbey. In 1260 he partitioned the barony of Weobley, Herefordshire with his wife's brother-in-law, John de Verdun. He was summoned by the king to serve against the Welsh in 1260, 1276, and 1282. Following the capture of the Irish justidar in Dec. 1264, Geoffrey, who was already a member of the council in Ireland, assumed control of the government and secured reconciliation between the warring parties. In 1266 he and his wife, Maud, obtained permission from Gilles, Bishop of Toul, to found the collegiale of Vaucouleurs. The same year, with consent of his wife, he gave the affouage in the woods of Vaucouleurs for the house of Utigney, which Rieval Abbey possessed at Broussey-en-Blois. In 1267 he was appointed with Robert Walerand to treat of peace with Llywelyn ap Gruffudd of Wales. In 1267 he granted the manor of Stanton to his wife's aunt, Katherine de Lacy, for a term. The same year he and his wife, Maud, gave to the Prioress and Convent of Acombury a moiety of four mills in Ludlow, with the suits thereof, together with half a merk rent. In 1270 he accompanied Edward the king's son on crusade to the Holy Land. In 1270-1 he gave the Order of the Hospital of the Holy Spirit of Rome the "maison-dieu" of Vaucouleurs, together with 20 joumaux of arable land and four journaux of vignes. In 1272 he was summoned by the king of France against Roger-Bernard III, Count of Foix. He accompanied Prince Edward to the Holy Land but returned before him. He was made Justiciar of Ireland in October 1273, which office he held until 17 June 1276. In 1277-8 Katherine de Lacy arraigned an assize of novel dissseisin against him and Gilbert de Lacy regarding a tenement in Downton, Shropshire. In 1280 he and his wife, Maud, had attorneys nominated for them for three years, they then going to Lorraine. In 1280 he and Maurice de Craon rendered an account of their mission to the king of France on the subject of the peace concluded between the kings of England and Castile. In 1283 he and his wife, Maud, granted all their lands in England and Wales to their son, Peter. In 1287 he received letters of protection, he then being in Flanders in service to the king. In 1290 he and two masters of civil law were sent by the king to Rome to discuss the king's expedition to the Holy Land. In 1293 he made an exchange with the cure of Mauvages. In 1294 the liberty of Trim, which had been taken into the king's hands, was restored to him. This liberty was soon afterwards taken again into the king's hands for Geoffrey's contempt in not executing the king's mandate concerning Nicholas Bacun, a prisoner in the gaol of the liberty. In 1295 the liberty of Trim was again restored to him, in consideration of his services in Welsh wars. In 1297 he was a commissioner on the king's part to settle the difficulties between the Constable and Marshal, which resulted in the king appointing him marshal and Thomas de Berkeley constable. In 1298 and 1299 he was sent to treat with the envoys of the King of France concerning peace. He was summoned to Parliament from 6 Feb. 1298/9 to 3 Nov. 1306, by writs directed Galfrido de Genevill', GEYnvill', and Gienvill', or the like, whereby he is held to have become Lord Geneville. In 1299 he was one of the magnates representing the English king at the treaty of Montreuil 19 June 1299. In 1300 he was one of envoys sent to Rome to negotiate the peace between England and France. In 1302 the liberties of Trim and Meath, which had been taken into the king's hand for contempt, were restored to him and his wife, Maud, for a term. His wife, Maud, died 11 April 1304. In 1307 he obtained license to surrender to Roger de Mortimer and Joan his wife (granddaughter of Geoffrey) the lands and tenements in Ireland which he held by the courtesy after the death of Maud his wife. He subsequently retired to the House of the Friars Preachers in Trim. SIR GEOFFREY DE GENEVILLE, Lord Geneville, died 21 October 1314, and was buried at Friars Preachers in Trim. Smith Annales de Monte Fernandi (1842): sub A.D. 1273 (“Item dominus Galfridus de Genevile venit usque Hiberniam, de terra sancta, parum ante festum beati Francisci, et factus est justiciarius Hibernie, post octavas beati Francisci."). Grace Annales Hibernia (1842): 46 ("[A.D. 1302. Obiit Matilda de Lad, uxor Galfridi de Genevile."). Eyton Antiqs. of Shropshire 5 (1857): 8-11, 240 (Lacy ped.), 256-279. Wurstemberger Peter der Zweite, Graf von Savoyen, Markgraf in Italien 4 (1858): 92-93,104-105. Douet d'Arcq Coll. de Sceaaux des Archives de l'Empire 1(1) (1863): 626 (seal of Geoffroi de Joinville dated 1299 - Equestre, aux armes (comme dessus). Legend destroyed; Contre-sceau. Pierre gravée. Un masque a trois visages. Legende: + DE IONIVILLA DNI VALICOLORIS). Régeste Genevoir (1866): 194, 197, 198, 203. Brewer & Bullen Cal. Carew MSS (1871): 447 (charter of Geoffrey de Geynville and Maud de Lascy his wife dated 1259). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 45 (1885): 186; 47 (1886): 207, 230. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 298 (seal of Geoffrey de Joinville dated 1259 - Obverse. To the right. In armour: hauberk of mail, surcoat, flat helmet and vizor down, sword, shield of arms. Horse caparisoned, galloping at full speed. For arms, see the description of reverse. Reverse. Within a pointed gothic quatrefoil, and suspended by the loop from a hook between two sprigs of foliage, a shield of arms: three horses' bits, on a chief a demi lion issuant [JOINVILLE]). Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chartes 54 (1893): 334-343. Wrottesley Staffordshire Suits: Plea Rolls (Colls. Hist. Staffs. 14) (1893): 81-82. Delaborde Jean de Joinville et les Seigneurs de Joinville (1894): 318-322, 329, 331, 339, 342, 344, 349 (Geoffrey de Joinville, Knt., seigneur of Vaucouleurs styled "dear uncle" [chier oncle] by Beatrix de Viennois et d'Albon, lady of Faucigny, in 1270), 350-351, 358, 364-367, 369-372, 374-376, 377-383, 385, 387-397, 399, 401-403, 417-418. Gilbert Reg. of the Abbey of St. Thomas, Dublin (1889): 420. Genealogist n.s. 13 (1896): 241; n.s. 21(1905): 1-5 ("The arms of Peter of Geneva, according to M. Paris, were Sable a lion rampant Argent), 73-78. Wrottesley Pedf. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 59, 160-161, 333. Mills Cal. Gormanston Reg. (1916): 7. C.P. 5 (1926): 628-631 (sub Geneville) (arms of Geoffrey de Geneville: Azure, three brays in pale or, on a chief ermine a demi lion rampant gules, issuant). Paget Baronage of England (1957) 245: 1-3; 310: 5. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 95-96. Hand English Land in Ireland (1967): 13, 18, 27, 83, 102, 124-131, 133, 138, 151, 157, 202-203. Tremlett Rolls of Arms Henry III (H.S.P 113-4) (1967): 32 (arms of Peter of Geneva: Sable, a lion rampant argent). Evergates Feudal Soc. in Medieval France (1993): xxix (chart), 112-113. Curia Regis Rolls 18 (1999): 84, 313. Irish Hist. Studies 33 (2001): 457-477. Duffy Medieval Ireland (2005): 195-196 (biog. of Geoffrey de Geneville). National Archives, SC 8/114/5665; SC 8/174/8660 (available at www.catalogue.nationalarchives.gov.uk/search.asp). Online resource: http://www.briantimms.net/era/lord_marshals/Lord_Marshal02/Lord%20Marshal2.htm (Lord Marshal's Roll - arms of Geoffrey de Geneville: Vert on a chief ermine a lion rampant issuant gules). Child of Maud de Lacy, by Geoffrey de Geneville, Knt.: a. PETER DE GENEVILLE (or VAUCOULEURS), Knt., of Ludlow and Stanton-Lacy, Shropshire, married JOAN (or JEANNE) DE LA MARCHE (or DE LUSIGNAN) [see LUSIGNAN 8]. Children of Isabel le Bigod, by John Fitz Geoffrey, Knt.: i. JOHN FITZ JOHN, Knt., of Shere and Shalford, Surrey, Aylesbury, Steeple Claydon, Quarrendon, and Whaddon, Buckinghamshire, Fambridge, Essex, Ringwood, Hampshire, Moulton, Northamptonshire, Twineham Benfield (in Twineham), Sussex, Cherhill and Winterslow, Wiltshire, etc., Sheriff of Westmorland, 1264, Constable of Windsor Castle, 1264, son and heir. He married before 18 Feb. 1258/9 MARGERY BASSET, daughter of Philip Basset, Knt., of Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, Compton Bassett and Wootton Bassett, Wiltshire, etc., Justiciar of England [see LONGESPEE 5.viii], by his 1st wife, Hawise, daughter of Matthew de Lovaine, Knt. They had no issue. He had livery of his father's lands 18 Feb. 1258/9, while yet a minor. He was one of the most conspicuous members of the baronial party. As a supporter of Simon de Montfort, he agreed to submit to the arbitration of the King of France 13 Dec. 1263. He, Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, and William de Munchensy commanded the second division of the army of the barons at the Battle of Lewes 14 May 1264. He was summoned for military service against the Welsh, 1258-63. He was summoned to Parliament 24 Dec. 1264, by writ directed Johanni filio Johannis. He was prohibited from taking part in the tournament at Dunstaple in 1265. He was wounded at the Battle of Evesham in 1265, and taken prisoner. He was pardoned and admitted to the king's peace 10 July 1266, and recovered his lands under the Dictum of Kenilworth. His lands were again taken in the king's hands in 1268 for contempt. In 1270 he was one of those appointed to treat with Llywelyn at Gresford. His wife, Margery, died sometime before 29 October 1271. SIR JOHN FITZ JOHN, Lord Fitz John, died testate at Lambeth, Surrey shortly before 6 Nov. 1275. Montmorency-Morres Genealogical Memoir of the Fam. of Montmorency (1817): xxxii-xxxvi. Notes & Queries 4th Ser. 3 (1869): 484-485 (Fitz Peter ped.). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 44 (1883): 16, 104. VCH Hampshire 4 (1911): 606-614. VCH Buckingham 3 (1925): 435-442; 4 (1927): 74-76. C.P. 5 (1926): 433-435, 437 chart (sub Fitzjohn) (arms of John Fitz John: Quarterly Or and Gules, a bordure Vair). Moor Knights of Edward I 2 (H.S.P. 81) (1929): 42-43. VCH Sussex 7 (1940): 186-191, 258. ii. RICHARD FITZ JOHN, Knt., of Shere and Shalford, Surrey, Aylesbury, Bierton, Quarrendon, and Whaddon, Buckinghamshire, Fambridge, Essex, Twineham Benfield (in Twineham), Sussex, etc., Constable of Rockingham Castle, 1295, Captain of Bourg-sur-mer, 1296, 2nd son, born about 1245-51 (aged 24-30 in 1275). He married EMMA ___. They had no issue. He was heir in 1275 to his older brother, John Fitz John, Knt., 1st Lord Fitz John. He had livery of his brother's lands in England 8 Dec. 1275, and in Ireland 5 May 1278. In 1276-7 he was granted letters of protection, he then going in the king's suite to the parts of Wales. He served in the army in Wales in 1277, 1282, 1287, and 1294. He was summoned to Parliament from 24 June 1295, by writ directed Ricardo filio Johannis, whereby he is held to have become Lord Fitz John. In 1295 he was about to proceed to Gascony with Edmund the king's brother. SIR RICHARD FITZ JOHN, Lord Fitz John, died in Gascony shortly before 5 August 1297. His widow, Emma, married (2nd) by royal license dated 25 Jan. 1300/1 ROBERT DE MOHAUT, Knt. [see MORLEY 7ii], of Hawarden, Flintshire, Mold and Neston, Cheshire, Castle Rising and Kenninghall, Norfolk, Frarnsden and Kessingland, etc., Suffolk, Middleton, Sussex	de Mandeville, Maud (I7242)
6002	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY DE GREY, Knt., of Codnor, Derbyshire, Grays Thurrocks, Essex, Tunworth and Upton Grey, Hampshire, Aylesford and Hoo, Kent, Evington, Leicestershire, Sherringham, Norfolk, Eastwood and Toton, Nottinghamshire, etc., son and heir, born about 1255/8 (aged 14, 15, or 17 in 1272). He married (1st) ELEANOR ___. They had four sons, Richard, Knt. [2nd Lord Grey of Codnor], Nicholas, Thomas and Henry, and two daughters, Lucy and Joan (nun). He fought in Wales in 1282. In 1294 he was going to Gascony in the retinue of Edmund, the king's brother. He was again on service in Gascony in 1295 and 1297. He presented to the church of Heanor, Derbyshire in 1298 and 1304. He was constantly employed in the Scottish wars of King Edward I. He was summoned to Parliament from 6 Feb. 1298/9 to 16 August 1308, by writs directed Henrico de Grey, whereby he is held to have become Lord Grey. He was present at the Siege of Caerlaverock in 1300. He signed the Barons' letter to Pope Boniface VIII in 1301 as Dominus de Codnore. In 1306, in consideration of his services in Scotland and elsewhere, he had a pardon for all debts due from him or his ancestors to the Exchequer. He married (2nd) shortly before 6 June 1301 JOAN DE SOMERVILLE, widow of Ralph de Cromwell, Knt., of Cromwell and Lambley, Nottinghamshire (died before 2 March 1298/9) [see CROMWELL 5], and daughter of Robert de Somerville, Knt., of Wichnor (in Tatenhill), Staffordshire, by Isabel, daughter and co-heiress of Roger de Merlay, Knt. [see SOMERVILLE 8 for her ancestry]. In 1305 he conveyed the manor of Barton le Street, Yorkshire to his son, Nicholas de Grey. SIR HENRY DE GREY, 1st Lord Grey of Codnor, died shortly before 18 Sept. 1308. He left a will dated 9 Sept. 1308, proved 16 and 19 Sept. and 15 and 22 October 1309, requesting burial in the Carmelite Friars at Aylesford, Kent. Banks Baronies in Fee 1 (1844): 227-230 (sub Grey of Codnor). Cox Notes on the Churches of Derbyshire 4 (1879): 233-234. Wrottesley Staffordshire Suits: Plea Rolls (Colls. Hist. Staffs. 7) (1886): 47-48, 97, 108, 113. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 3 (1894): 36-37 (seal of Henry de Grey, lord of Codnor dated 1301 - A shield of arms: barry of six, GREY. Suspended by a strap from a tree of three branches, with two smaller branches at the side. Legend: * DE LEIAVTE SE....VNTE(?). Beaded borders.). Cal IPM 1 (1904): 276-277; 5 (1908): 50-51. Brown Yorkshire Inquisitions 4 (Yorkshire Arch. Soc. Rec. Ser. 37): (1906): 116. VCH Hampshire 3 (1908): 383; 4 (1911): 174-175. Register of John le Romeyn Lord Archbishop of York 1 (Surtees Soc. 123) (1913): 320. C.P. 6 (1926): 123-124 ("said to have m., 1stly, Eleanor, da. of Sir Hugh de Courtenay"). Paget (1957) 259: 3-4 (sub Grey of Codnor) (no identification of parents of wife). List of Ancient Correspondence of the Chancery & the Exchequer (PRO, Lists and Indexes 15): 393 (letter re. marriage of daughter Lucy to John de Somery). Index to Ancient Correspondence of the Chancery & the Exchequer 1 (PRO, Lists and Indexes, Supp. Ser., No. 15): 509. Children of Henry de Grey, Knt., by Eleanor i. RICHARD DE GREY, Knt., 2nd Lord Grey of Codnor [see next]. ii. LUCY DE GREY, married JOHN DE SOMERY, Knt., Lord Somery [see SOMERY 4.ii].”	de Somerville, Joan (I7625)
6003	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY DE GREY, Knt., of Codnor, Derbyshire, Grays Thurrocks, Essex, Tunworth and Upton Grey, Hampshire, Aylesford and Hoo, Kent, Evington, Leicestershire, Sherringham, Norfolk, Eastwood and Toton, Nottinghamshire, etc., son and heir, born about 1255/8 (aged 14, 15, or 17 in 1272). He married (1st) ELEANOR ___. They had four sons, Richard, Knt. [2nd Lord Grey of Codnor], Nicholas, Thomas and Henry, and two daughters, Lucy and Joan (nun). He fought in Wales in 1282. In 1294 he was going to Gascony in the retinue of Edmund, the king's brother. He was again on service in Gascony in 1295 and 1297. He presented to the church of Heanor, Derbyshire in 1298 and 1304. He was constantly employed in the Scottish wars of King Edward I. He was summoned to Parliament from 6 Feb. 1298/9 to 16 August 1308, by writs directed Henrico de Grey, whereby he is held to have become Lord Grey. He was present at the Siege of Caerlaverock in 1300. He signed the Barons' letter to Pope Boniface VIII in 1301 as Dominus de Codnore. In 1306, in consideration of his services in Scotland and elsewhere, he had a pardon for all debts due from him or his ancestors to the Exchequer. He married (2nd) shortly before 6 June 1301 JOAN DE SOMERVILLE, widow of Ralph de Cromwell, Knt., of Cromwell and Lambley, Nottinghamshire (died before 2 March 1298/9) [see CROMWELL 5], and daughter of Robert de Somerville, Knt., of Wichnor (in Tatenhill), Staffordshire, by Isabel, daughter and co-heiress of Roger de Merlay, Knt. [see SOMERVILLE 8 for her ancestry]. In 1305 he conveyed the manor of Barton le Street, Yorkshire to his son, Nicholas de Grey. SIR HENRY DE GREY, 1st Lord Grey of Codnor, died shortly before 18 Sept. 1308. He left a will dated 9 Sept. 1308, proved 16 and 19 Sept. and 15 and 22 October 1309, requesting burial in the Carmelite Friars at Aylesford, Kent. Banks Baronies in Fee 1 (1844): 227-230 (sub Grey of Codnor). Cox Notes on the Churches of Derbyshire 4 (1879): 233-234. Wrottesley Staffordshire Suits: Plea Rolls (Colls. Hist. Staffs. 7) (1886): 47-48, 97, 108, 113. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 3 (1894): 36-37 (seal of Henry de Grey, lord of Codnor dated 1301 - A shield of arms: barry of six, GREY. Suspended by a strap from a tree of three branches, with two smaller branches at the side. Legend: * DE LEIAVTE SE....VNTE(?). Beaded borders.). Cal IPM 1 (1904): 276-277; 5 (1908): 50-51. Brown Yorkshire Inquisitions 4 (Yorkshire Arch. Soc. Rec. Ser. 37): (1906): 116. VCH Hampshire 3 (1908): 383; 4 (1911): 174-175. Register of John le Romeyn Lord Archbishop of York 1 (Surtees Soc. 123) (1913): 320. C.P. 6 (1926): 123-124 ("said to have m., 1stly, Eleanor, da. of Sir Hugh de Courtenay"). Paget (1957) 259: 3-4 (sub Grey of Codnor) (no identification of parents of wife). List of Ancient Correspondence of the Chancery & the Exchequer (PRO, Lists and Indexes 15): 393 (letter re. marriage of daughter Lucy to John de Somery). Index to Ancient Correspondence of the Chancery & the Exchequer 1 (PRO, Lists and Indexes, Supp. Ser., No. 15): 509. Children of Henry de Grey, Knt., by Eleanor i. RICHARD DE GREY, Knt., 2nd Lord Grey of Codnor [see next]. ii. LUCY DE GREY, married JOHN DE SOMERY, Knt., Lord Somery [see SOMERY 4.ii].”	de Grey, Joan (I7624)
6004	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY DE GREY, Knt., of Codnor, Derbyshire, Grays Thurrocks, Essex, Tunworth and Upton Grey, Hampshire, Aylesford and Hoo, Kent, Evington, Leicestershire, Sherringham, Norfolk, Eastwood and Toton, Nottinghamshire, etc., son and heir, born about 1255/8 (aged 14, 15, or 17 in 1272). He married (1st) ELEANOR ___. They had four sons, Richard, Knt. [2nd Lord Grey of Codnor], Nicholas, Thomas and Henry, and two daughters, Lucy and Joan (nun). He fought in Wales in 1282. In 1294 he was going to Gascony in the retinue of Edmund, the king's brother. He was again on service in Gascony in 1295 and 1297. He presented to the church of Heanor, Derbyshire in 1298 and 1304. He was constantly employed in the Scottish wars of King Edward I. He was summoned to Parliament from 6 Feb. 1298/9 to 16 August 1308, by writs directed Henrico de Grey, whereby he is held to have become Lord Grey. He was present at the Siege of Caerlaverock in 1300. He signed the Barons' letter to Pope Boniface VIII in 1301 as Dominus de Codnore. In 1306, in consideration of his services in Scotland and elsewhere, he had a pardon for all debts due from him or his ancestors to the Exchequer. He married (2nd) shortly before 6 June 1301 JOAN DE SOMERVILLE, widow of Ralph de Cromwell, Knt., of Cromwell and Lambley, Nottinghamshire (died before 2 March 1298/9) [see CROMWELL 5], and daughter of Robert de Somerville, Knt., of Wichnor (in Tatenhill), Staffordshire, by Isabel, daughter and co-heiress of Roger de Merlay, Knt. [see SOMERVILLE 8 for her ancestry]. In 1305 he conveyed the manor of Barton le Street, Yorkshire to his son, Nicholas de Grey. SIR HENRY DE GREY, 1st Lord Grey of Codnor, died shortly before 18 Sept. 1308. He left a will dated 9 Sept. 1308, proved 16 and 19 Sept. and 15 and 22 October 1309, requesting burial in the Carmelite Friars at Aylesford, Kent. Banks Baronies in Fee 1 (1844): 227-230 (sub Grey of Codnor). Cox Notes on the Churches of Derbyshire 4 (1879): 233-234. Wrottesley Staffordshire Suits: Plea Rolls (Colls. Hist. Staffs. 7) (1886): 47-48, 97, 108, 113. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 3 (1894): 36-37 (seal of Henry de Grey, lord of Codnor dated 1301 - A shield of arms: barry of six, GREY. Suspended by a strap from a tree of three branches, with two smaller branches at the side. Legend: * DE LEIAVTE SE....VNTE(?). Beaded borders.). Cal IPM 1 (1904): 276-277; 5 (1908): 50-51. Brown Yorkshire Inquisitions 4 (Yorkshire Arch. Soc. Rec. Ser. 37): (1906): 116. VCH Hampshire 3 (1908): 383; 4 (1911): 174-175. Register of John le Romeyn Lord Archbishop of York 1 (Surtees Soc. 123) (1913): 320. C.P. 6 (1926): 123-124 ("said to have m., 1stly, Eleanor, da. of Sir Hugh de Courtenay"). Paget (1957) 259: 3-4 (sub Grey of Codnor) (no identification of parents of wife). List of Ancient Correspondence of the Chancery & the Exchequer (PRO, Lists and Indexes 15): 393 (letter re. marriage of daughter Lucy to John de Somery). Index to Ancient Correspondence of the Chancery & the Exchequer 1 (PRO, Lists and Indexes, Supp. Ser., No. 15): 509. Children of Henry de Grey, Knt., by Eleanor i. RICHARD DE GREY, Knt., 2nd Lord Grey of Codnor [see next]. ii. LUCY DE GREY, married JOHN DE SOMERY, Knt., Lord Somery [see SOMERY 4.ii].”	de Grey, Henry (I7622)
6005	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY DE GREY, Knt., of Codnor, Derbyshire, Grays Thurrocks, Essex, Tunworth and Upton Grey, Hampshire, Aylesford and Hoo, Kent, Evington, Leicestershire, Sherringham, Norfolk, Eastwood and Toton, Nottinghamshire, etc., son and heir, born about 1255/8 (aged 14, 15, or 17 in 1272). He married (1st) ELEANOR ___. They had four sons, Richard, Knt. [2nd Lord Grey of Codnor], Nicholas, Thomas and Henry, and two daughters, Lucy and Joan (nun). He fought in Wales in 1282. In 1294 he was going to Gascony in the retinue of Edmund, the king's brother. He was again on service in Gascony in 1295 and 1297. He presented to the church of Heanor, Derbyshire in 1298 and 1304. He was constantly employed in the Scottish wars of King Edward I. He was summoned to Parliament from 6 Feb. 1298/9 to 16 August 1308, by writs directed Henrico de Grey, whereby he is held to have become Lord Grey. He was present at the Siege of Caerlaverock in 1300. He signed the Barons' letter to Pope Boniface VIII in 1301 as Dominus de Codnore. In 1306, in consideration of his services in Scotland and elsewhere, he had a pardon for all debts due from him or his ancestors to the Exchequer. He married (2nd) shortly before 6 June 1301 JOAN DE SOMERVILLE, widow of Ralph de Cromwell, Knt., of Cromwell and Lambley, Nottinghamshire (died before 2 March 1298/9) [see CROMWELL 5], and daughter of Robert de Somerville, Knt., of Wichnor (in Tatenhill), Staffordshire, by Isabel, daughter and co-heiress of Roger de Merlay, Knt. [see SOMERVILLE 8 for her ancestry]. In 1305 he conveyed the manor of Barton le Street, Yorkshire to his son, Nicholas de Grey. SIR HENRY DE GREY, 1st Lord Grey of Codnor, died shortly before 18 Sept. 1308. He left a will dated 9 Sept. 1308, proved 16 and 19 Sept. and 15 and 22 October 1309, requesting burial in the Carmelite Friars at Aylesford, Kent. Banks Baronies in Fee 1 (1844): 227-230 (sub Grey of Codnor). Cox Notes on the Churches of Derbyshire 4 (1879): 233-234. Wrottesley Staffordshire Suits: Plea Rolls (Colls. Hist. Staffs. 7) (1886): 47-48, 97, 108, 113. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 3 (1894): 36-37 (seal of Henry de Grey, lord of Codnor dated 1301 - A shield of arms: barry of six, GREY. Suspended by a strap from a tree of three branches, with two smaller branches at the side. Legend: * DE LEIAVTE SE....VNTE(?). Beaded borders.). Cal IPM 1 (1904): 276-277; 5 (1908): 50-51. Brown Yorkshire Inquisitions 4 (Yorkshire Arch. Soc. Rec. Ser. 37): (1906): 116. VCH Hampshire 3 (1908): 383; 4 (1911): 174-175. Register of John le Romeyn Lord Archbishop of York 1 (Surtees Soc. 123) (1913): 320. C.P. 6 (1926): 123-124 ("said to have m., 1stly, Eleanor, da. of Sir Hugh de Courtenay"). Paget (1957) 259: 3-4 (sub Grey of Codnor) (no identification of parents of wife). List of Ancient Correspondence of the Chancery & the Exchequer (PRO, Lists and Indexes 15): 393 (letter re. marriage of daughter Lucy to John de Somery). Index to Ancient Correspondence of the Chancery & the Exchequer 1 (PRO, Lists and Indexes, Supp. Ser., No. 15): 509. Children of Henry de Grey, Knt., by Eleanor i. RICHARD DE GREY, Knt., 2nd Lord Grey of Codnor [see next]. ii. LUCY DE GREY, married JOHN DE SOMERY, Knt., Lord Somery [see SOMERY 4.ii].”	de Grey, Thomas (I7621)
6006	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY DE GREY, Knt., of Codnor, Derbyshire, Grays Thurrocks, Essex, Tunworth and Upton Grey, Hampshire, Aylesford and Hoo, Kent, Evington, Leicestershire, Sherringham, Norfolk, Eastwood and Toton, Nottinghamshire, etc., son and heir, born about 1255/8 (aged 14, 15, or 17 in 1272). He married (1st) ELEANOR ___. They had four sons, Richard, Knt. [2nd Lord Grey of Codnor], Nicholas, Thomas and Henry, and two daughters, Lucy and Joan (nun). He fought in Wales in 1282. In 1294 he was going to Gascony in the retinue of Edmund, the king's brother. He was again on service in Gascony in 1295 and 1297. He presented to the church of Heanor, Derbyshire in 1298 and 1304. He was constantly employed in the Scottish wars of King Edward I. He was summoned to Parliament from 6 Feb. 1298/9 to 16 August 1308, by writs directed Henrico de Grey, whereby he is held to have become Lord Grey. He was present at the Siege of Caerlaverock in 1300. He signed the Barons' letter to Pope Boniface VIII in 1301 as Dominus de Codnore. In 1306, in consideration of his services in Scotland and elsewhere, he had a pardon for all debts due from him or his ancestors to the Exchequer. He married (2nd) shortly before 6 June 1301 JOAN DE SOMERVILLE, widow of Ralph de Cromwell, Knt., of Cromwell and Lambley, Nottinghamshire (died before 2 March 1298/9) [see CROMWELL 5], and daughter of Robert de Somerville, Knt., of Wichnor (in Tatenhill), Staffordshire, by Isabel, daughter and co-heiress of Roger de Merlay, Knt. [see SOMERVILLE 8 for her ancestry]. In 1305 he conveyed the manor of Barton le Street, Yorkshire to his son, Nicholas de Grey. SIR HENRY DE GREY, 1st Lord Grey of Codnor, died shortly before 18 Sept. 1308. He left a will dated 9 Sept. 1308, proved 16 and 19 Sept. and 15 and 22 October 1309, requesting burial in the Carmelite Friars at Aylesford, Kent. Banks Baronies in Fee 1 (1844): 227-230 (sub Grey of Codnor). Cox Notes on the Churches of Derbyshire 4 (1879): 233-234. Wrottesley Staffordshire Suits: Plea Rolls (Colls. Hist. Staffs. 7) (1886): 47-48, 97, 108, 113. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 3 (1894): 36-37 (seal of Henry de Grey, lord of Codnor dated 1301 - A shield of arms: barry of six, GREY. Suspended by a strap from a tree of three branches, with two smaller branches at the side. Legend: * DE LEIAVTE SE....VNTE(?). Beaded borders.). Cal IPM 1 (1904): 276-277; 5 (1908): 50-51. Brown Yorkshire Inquisitions 4 (Yorkshire Arch. Soc. Rec. Ser. 37): (1906): 116. VCH Hampshire 3 (1908): 383; 4 (1911): 174-175. Register of John le Romeyn Lord Archbishop of York 1 (Surtees Soc. 123) (1913): 320. C.P. 6 (1926): 123-124 ("said to have m., 1stly, Eleanor, da. of Sir Hugh de Courtenay"). Paget (1957) 259: 3-4 (sub Grey of Codnor) (no identification of parents of wife). List of Ancient Correspondence of the Chancery & the Exchequer (PRO, Lists and Indexes 15): 393 (letter re. marriage of daughter Lucy to John de Somery). Index to Ancient Correspondence of the Chancery & the Exchequer 1 (PRO, Lists and Indexes, Supp. Ser., No. 15): 509. Children of Henry de Grey, Knt., by Eleanor i. RICHARD DE GREY, Knt., 2nd Lord Grey of Codnor [see next]. ii. LUCY DE GREY, married JOHN DE SOMERY, Knt., Lord Somery [see SOMERY 4.ii].”	de Grey, Nicholas (I7620)
6007	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY DE GREY, Knt., of Codnor, Derbyshire, Grays Thurrocks, Essex, Tunworth and Upton Grey, Hampshire, Aylesford and Hoo, Kent, Evington, Leicestershire, Sherringham, Norfolk, Eastwood and Toton, Nottinghamshire, etc., son and heir, born about 1255/8 (aged 14, 15, or 17 in 1272). He married (1st) ELEANOR ___. They had four sons, Richard, Knt. [2nd Lord Grey of Codnor], Nicholas, Thomas and Henry, and two daughters, Lucy and Joan (nun). He fought in Wales in 1282. In 1294 he was going to Gascony in the retinue of Edmund, the king's brother. He was again on service in Gascony in 1295 and 1297. He presented to the church of Heanor, Derbyshire in 1298 and 1304. He was constantly employed in the Scottish wars of King Edward I. He was summoned to Parliament from 6 Feb. 1298/9 to 16 August 1308, by writs directed Henrico de Grey, whereby he is held to have become Lord Grey. He was present at the Siege of Caerlaverock in 1300. He signed the Barons' letter to Pope Boniface VIII in 1301 as Dominus de Codnore. In 1306, in consideration of his services in Scotland and elsewhere, he had a pardon for all debts due from him or his ancestors to the Exchequer. He married (2nd) shortly before 6 June 1301 JOAN DE SOMERVILLE, widow of Ralph de Cromwell, Knt., of Cromwell and Lambley, Nottinghamshire (died before 2 March 1298/9) [see CROMWELL 5], and daughter of Robert de Somerville, Knt., of Wichnor (in Tatenhill), Staffordshire, by Isabel, daughter and co-heiress of Roger de Merlay, Knt. [see SOMERVILLE 8 for her ancestry]. In 1305 he conveyed the manor of Barton le Street, Yorkshire to his son, Nicholas de Grey. SIR HENRY DE GREY, 1st Lord Grey of Codnor, died shortly before 18 Sept. 1308. He left a will dated 9 Sept. 1308, proved 16 and 19 Sept. and 15 and 22 October 1309, requesting burial in the Carmelite Friars at Aylesford, Kent. Banks Baronies in Fee 1 (1844): 227-230 (sub Grey of Codnor). Cox Notes on the Churches of Derbyshire 4 (1879): 233-234. Wrottesley Staffordshire Suits: Plea Rolls (Colls. Hist. Staffs. 7) (1886): 47-48, 97, 108, 113. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 3 (1894): 36-37 (seal of Henry de Grey, lord of Codnor dated 1301 - A shield of arms: barry of six, GREY. Suspended by a strap from a tree of three branches, with two smaller branches at the side. Legend: * DE LEIAVTE SE....VNTE(?). Beaded borders.). Cal IPM 1 (1904): 276-277; 5 (1908): 50-51. Brown Yorkshire Inquisitions 4 (Yorkshire Arch. Soc. Rec. Ser. 37): (1906): 116. VCH Hampshire 3 (1908): 383; 4 (1911): 174-175. Register of John le Romeyn Lord Archbishop of York 1 (Surtees Soc. 123) (1913): 320. C.P. 6 (1926): 123-124 ("said to have m., 1stly, Eleanor, da. of Sir Hugh de Courtenay"). Paget (1957) 259: 3-4 (sub Grey of Codnor) (no identification of parents of wife). List of Ancient Correspondence of the Chancery & the Exchequer (PRO, Lists and Indexes 15): 393 (letter re. marriage of daughter Lucy to John de Somery). Index to Ancient Correspondence of the Chancery & the Exchequer 1 (PRO, Lists and Indexes, Supp. Ser., No. 15): 509. Children of Henry de Grey, Knt., by Eleanor i. RICHARD DE GREY, Knt., 2nd Lord Grey of Codnor [see next]. ii. LUCY DE GREY, married JOHN DE SOMERY, Knt., Lord Somery [see SOMERY 4.ii].”	Eleanor (I7618)
6008	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY DE GREY, Knt., of Codnor, Derbyshire, Grays Thurrocks, Essex, Tunworth and Upton Grey, Hampshire, Aylesford and Hoo, Kent, Evington, Leicestershire, Sherringham, Norfolk, Eastwood and Toton, Nottinghamshire, etc., son and heir, born about 1255/8 (aged 14, 15, or 17 in 1272). He married (1st) ELEANOR ___. They had four sons, Richard, Knt. [2nd Lord Grey of Codnor], Nicholas, Thomas and Henry, and two daughters, Lucy and Joan (nun). He fought in Wales in 1282. In 1294 he was going to Gascony in the retinue of Edmund, the king's brother. He was again on service in Gascony in 1295 and 1297. He presented to the church of Heanor, Derbyshire in 1298 and 1304. He was constantly employed in the Scottish wars of King Edward I. He was summoned to Parliament from 6 Feb. 1298/9 to 16 August 1308, by writs directed Henrico de Grey, whereby he is held to have become Lord Grey. He was present at the Siege of Caerlaverock in 1300. He signed the Barons' letter to Pope Boniface VIII in 1301 as Dominus de Codnore. In 1306, in consideration of his services in Scotland and elsewhere, he had a pardon for all debts due from him or his ancestors to the Exchequer. He married (2nd) shortly before 6 June 1301 JOAN DE SOMERVILLE, widow of Ralph de Cromwell, Knt., of Cromwell and Lambley, Nottinghamshire (died before 2 March 1298/9) [see CROMWELL 5], and daughter of Robert de Somerville, Knt., of Wichnor (in Tatenhill), Staffordshire, by Isabel, daughter and co-heiress of Roger de Merlay, Knt. [see SOMERVILLE 8 for her ancestry]. In 1305 he conveyed the manor of Barton le Street, Yorkshire to his son, Nicholas de Grey. SIR HENRY DE GREY, 1st Lord Grey of Codnor, died shortly before 18 Sept. 1308. He left a will dated 9 Sept. 1308, proved 16 and 19 Sept. and 15 and 22 October 1309, requesting burial in the Carmelite Friars at Aylesford, Kent. Banks Baronies in Fee 1 (1844): 227-230 (sub Grey of Codnor). Cox Notes on the Churches of Derbyshire 4 (1879): 233-234. Wrottesley Staffordshire Suits: Plea Rolls (Colls. Hist. Staffs. 7) (1886): 47-48, 97, 108, 113. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 3 (1894): 36-37 (seal of Henry de Grey, lord of Codnor dated 1301 — A shield of arms: barry of six, GREY. Suspended by a strap from a tree of three branches, with two smaller branches at the side. Legend: * DE LEIAVTE SE....VNTE(?). Beaded borders.). Cal IPM 1 (1904): 276-277; 5 (1908): 50-51. Brown Yorkshire Inquisitions 4 (Yorkshire Arch. Soc. Rec. Ser. 37): (1906): 116. VCH Hampshire 3 (1908): 383; 4 (1911): 174-175. Register of John le Romeyn Lord Archbishop of York 1 (Surtees Soc. 123) (1913): 320. C.P. 6 (1926): 123-124 ("said to have m., 1stly, Eleanor, da. of Sir Hugh de Courtenay"). Paget (1957) 259: 3-4 (sub Grey of Codnor) (no identification of parents of wife). List of Ancient Correspondence of the Chancery & the Exchequer (PRO, Lists and Indexes 15): 393 (letter re. marriage of daughter Lucy to John de Somery). Index to Ancient Correspondence of the Chancery & the Exchequer 1 (PRO, Lists and Indexes, Supp. Ser., No. 15): 509. Children of Henry de Grey, Knt., by Eleanor i. RICHARD DE GREY, Knt., 2nd Lord Grey of Codnor [see next]. ii. LUCY DE GREY, married JOHN DE SOMERY, Knt., Lord Somery [see SOMERY 4.ii].” 2. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “LUCY DE MOHUN, married JOHN DE GREY, Knt., of Codnor, Beeley, Hazelbache, Heanor, Normanton, and Shirland, Derbyshire, Thurrock, Essex, Hoo and Aylesford, Kent, Evington, Leicestershire, Sherringham, Norfolk, etc., son and heir of Richard de Grey, Knt., of Codnor, Derbyshire, Thurrock, Essex, Aylesford and Hoo, Kent, Governor of the Channel Isles, Seneschal of Gascony and Poitou, Constable of Devises, Dover, and Kenilworth Castles, Warden of Cinque Ports, by Lucy, daughter and heiress of John du Hommet (or de Humez), of Humberstone, Leicestershire, Sherringham, Norfolk, and Newbottle Northamptonshire. Her maritagium included the manor of Tunworth, Hampshire. They had one son, Henry, Knt. [1st Lord Grey of Codnor] and two daughters, Joan and Lucy (wife of Brian le Waleys). He was knighted in 1244, and joined with his father against King Henry III. He is said to have brought Carmelites (White Friars) from the Holy Land about 1240 and settled them at Aylesford, Kent. He acquired the manor of Grey, Wiltshire from William de Arundel. SIR JOHN DE GREY died shordy before 5 Jan. 1271/2. In 1272-3 John de Evington arraigned an assize of novel disseisin against his widow, Lucy, touching common of pasture in Evington, Leicestershire. Lucy married (2nd) before 4 July 1281 (date of pardon for marrying without a license) ARNOLD MURDAC, Knt. In 1284 he acknowledged that he owed Philip de Montgomery 4 marks; to be levied, in default of payment, of his lands and chattels in Leicestershire. In 1285, as Arnold Murdak, Knt., of Northamptonshire, he owed a debt of ₤17 to Baroncinus Galteri, and others their partners and merchants of Lucca. On 19 May 1290 he and his wife, Lucy, were acquitted of 100l. of the 200l. by which they made fine with the king for their trespass in marrying without the king's license. SIR ARNOLD MURDAC was living in June 1290. Banks Baronies in Fee 1 (1844): 227-230 (sub Grey of Codnor). Vivian Vis. of Cornwall (H.S.P. 9) (1874): 143-146 (Mohun ped.: "Lucia [de Mohun] uxor Johis Grey de Codner."). Cox Notes on the Churches of Derbyshire 4 (1879): 233-234. Arch. Jour. 37 (1880): 57-93. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 42 (1881): 551; 49 (1888): 161. C.C.R. 1279-1288 (1902): 100, 346. C.C.R. 1288-1296 (1904): 29, 34, 80, 134. Cal. IPM 1 (1904): 276-277. Reg. of William Wickwane, Lord Archbishop of York 1279-1285 (Suttees Soc. 114) (1907): 75. VCH Hampshire 3 (1908): 383 (Grey arms: Barry argent and azure, with three roundels gules in the chief); 4 (1911): 174-175. Maxwell-Lyte: Hist. of Dunster 1 (1909): 18-34. C.P. 6 (1926): 123, 126 footnote n, 135. C.F.R. 11 (1929): 151. Paget (1957) 259: 3 (sub Grey of Codnor). TG 8 (1988): 3-38. National Archives, C 241/6/198; C 241/8/418; C 241/14/19 (available at www.catalogue.nationalarchives.gov.uk/search.asp).”	de Grey, Henry (I7613)
6009	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1133. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, at Whitsuntide 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ALIENOR) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine [see FRANCE 6] (divorced 21 March 1152), and daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Aénor, daughter of Amaury (or Aimery) I, Vicomte of Châtellerault [see AQUITAINE 4 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud [Abbess of Barking]. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen's heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the "Angevin empire" (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. In 1158 he confirmed a treaty with King Louis VII of France involving the marriage of Henry's son to the French king's daughter. In the summer of 1159 he launched an unsuccessful expedition against Toulouse, which he claimed as Duke of Aquitaine. His reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connacht, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king's bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Poitiers (Vienne), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried in the church of the Abbey of Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire). Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1st marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France [see FRANCE 6], namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes) [see BLOIS 4] and Alix of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France [see WYDEVILLE 4]. References: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20 (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules at de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France, etc.); 13 (1869): 308 i (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703,708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines); 19 (1880): 336-337. Schwennicke Europæische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquataine: Lord & Lady (2003). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59-72. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1128 (Agnes de Barbezillo styled "aunt" famital of Queen Eleanor [of Aquitaine), wife of King Louis WI of France). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 17 (Kalendar of Obits: "II Non. Julius [6 July]. Obitus Henrici Regis Anglie, filie Matildis."). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1725): 76-77. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7-10, 10-12 (will of King Henry II). L'Art de Vérifier les Dates 2 (1784): 348-365 (sub Comtes de Poitiers, Ducs de Aquitaine). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1786): 190 (Ex Radulfi de Diceto: Ralph de Fay styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1 (1) (1816): 81-82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William [Fitz Roy], 4th Earl of Surrey (or Warenne), styled "kinsman" [cognati] by King Henry II). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1-4 (will of King Henry II of England). Gray Scalacronica (1836): 278 (Ermengarde de Beaumont, wife of William the Lion, King of Scots styled "cousin" [cosyn] of King Henry II of England). Historiæ Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (Surtees Soc. 9) (1839): Appendix, pg. 1, charter no. xixii (Hugh [du Puiset], Bishop of Durham, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 304-378 (biog. of Eleanora of Aquitaine). Pertz Chronica et Annales ævi Salui (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 6) (1844): (Roberti de Monte Cronica [Robert de Torigni]): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled "aunt" [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled "kinsman" [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled "kinsman" on the part of King Henry II's mother, Empress Maud), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "kinsman" [cognate]; Earl Hugh's wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Evreux "kinswoman" [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II's father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinsman" [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [cognate]); 27(1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinswoman" by King Henry II). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851) 18-19. Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 245 (Annals of Waverley sub AD. 1188 - Baldwin [de Revers], Earl of Cornwall, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry II). Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 372 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars styled "your cousin and our's" [votre cousin et au notre] by queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in letter to her son, King John dated 1200-1201; also see Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chattes 32 (1871): 412-413). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 33 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Henry II), 46 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of King Henry II). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled "kinsman" of King Henry II; see Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 83, footnote 1). Grasilier Cartulaires Inédits de la Saintonge 2: Cartulaire de l'Abbaye Royale de Notre-Dame de Saintes (1871): 13-16, 19-21, 35-36, 36 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France dated 1151 names her "sister” [sororis], Aelith), 37, 51 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France, dated 1140 names her "aunt" [amite], Agnes [de Barbezieux], Abbess of Saintes; charter witnessed by Aelith, "sister" [sorore] of Queen Eleanor), 52, 78. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 192 (birth of King Henry II); 2 (1873): 7 (sub A.D. 1168: Mathieu, Count of Boulogne, styled "kinsman" [cognatum] of King Henry II of England). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Set.) (1874): 285 (Ralph de Pale styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Montzey Hist. de is Fliche 1 (1877): 137-146. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 426, 439 (Chron. of Geoffrey Vosiensis: Sarah daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall and wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] of King Henry II of England). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 15 (1878): 767-768 (P[etrus Raimundi], Abbot of Saint Maxent, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in letters dated 1161). Eyton Court, Household & Intinerary of King Henry II (1878): 8 (Henry [de Sully], Abbot of Fécamp, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Stubbs Hist. Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1879): 93 (birth of King Henry II), 140-141 (David I, King of Scots, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] of King Henry II of England). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). Bain Cal. Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15-17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of Queen Eleanor). Hart Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia 1 (1884): 106 (Silvio de Cresto styled "queen's kinsman" [nepoti Regina]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 10-13 (seal of King Henry II - Obverse. King enthroned, holding sword and orb; generally ressembling the obverse of seals of Henry I. and Stephen, but with differences in arches on front of throne, and in the various proportions. Legend: + HENRICVS DEI • G[RATIA] • REX ANGLORUM. Four small points in cross placed as a stop between the words. Reverse. King on a horse to the right; hauberk, continuous coif, and chausses of chain-mail, here represented by rings. Conical helmet with nasal. Shield secured by strap passing round king's neck, and fastened by a ring into inner surface of leather. In right hand a long sword; in left hand the short strap of shield and reins. Horse's head-gear composed of chain-work. Legend: + HENR : DEI : GRA : DVX : NORM: [ ] ET : AQVIT : ET: COM : ANDEG.). Christie Annales Cestrienses (1887): 29-35 (Bertrade of Evreux, wife of Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "cousin" of King Henry II in chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164-1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled "kinswoman" [cognate] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). Gross Gild Merchant 2 (1890): 28-29 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem 1(1894): 108, 125-128, 180-181, 312, 470-471, 480-482, 519, 527, 567-568; 2 (1897): 18-19. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "7 Jul. [Obiit] Henricus secundus, rex Anglorum."). Archives Hist. de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6-7 (charter of Eleanor). Beauchet-Filleau Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des Families du Poitou 2 (1895): 320 ("L'obituaire de Fontevrault place son décès le jour des ides de janvier. Dnus Radulfus princeps de Faia, avunculus Dnæ Alienordis Reginae. (bat. 54802 89.)) (author identifies Ralph de Fay as son of Aimery I, Vicomte of Châtellerault). Wigram Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford 2 (1896): 116 (Empress Maud styled "sister" [soror] and her son, Henry [afterwards King Henry II of England] styled "nephew" [nepos] by Robert Fitz Roy, Earl of Gloucester in charter dated c.1142). Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Andre de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England, and her son, King John, in letter dated 1199). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 69 (grant by King Henry II dated 1186-9). Broussillon Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers 2 (1903): 84 (Raoul [de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "dearest kinsman" [charissimus cognatus] in letter by King Henry II of England). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78-93; 42 (1927): 569-572; 74 (1959): 193-213; 110 (1995): 652-655. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 104-105 (Mary, Abbess of Romsey, styled "kinswoman" [cognata/cognatam] by King Henry II). Jeayes Desc. Cat. Derbyshire Charters (1906): 244 (Maud [of Gloucester], Countess of Chester, styled "kinswoman" [cognata] by King Henry II in charter dated ?1175). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593-596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452-463 (biog. of Henry II: "... his nature was full of passion... [he] was a great builder... Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign... probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day... genius for government"). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie (1909): 352-354 (biog. of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England: "Un des recueils de Gaignières (ms. latin 5419, p. 80) nous a conservé l'image de sceau dont elle continua a se servir pendant son veuvage. C'est un long sceau allongé et pointu sot lequel elle est représentée debout, tenant on oiseau sur la main gauche; il ne subsistait que la dernière partie de la légende: NORMANORVM DUCISSA ET ANDEGAVIE COMITISSA. Il y a aux Auxives nationales, attaché a one charte de l'année 1199, on exemplaire mutile de ce même sceau."). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184-1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 ([Maud de Bohun], wife of Juhel de Mayenne, styled "neptis Regis" [kinswoman of King Henry II]). Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled "king's kinsman" in 1188), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see also Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; Round Cal Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II; see also Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1846): 142; Méms. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de Picardie 47 (1936): 182-184 (Eustache's mother named in charter as Isabel); Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XIe-XIIIe Siècle) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l'Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191-192 (Eustache named in charter as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavene, Count of Saint-Pol)]. Delisle & Berger Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre, Duc de Normandie 3 (1927): 136 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), ([Raoul de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Chartrou-Charbonnel L'Anjou de 1109 à 1151: Foulque de Jérusalem et Geoffroi Plantegenêt (1928). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 253 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Speculum 30 (1955): 374-384. Boussard Le Gouvernement d'Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32-33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153-156. Genealogists' Mag. 14 (1964): 361-368. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154 3 (1968). Charles Evans "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany," in Mélanges Offerts à Szaboles de Vajay à l'Occasion de Son Cinquitième Anniversaire (1971): 187-191 (Margery [de Bohun], wife of Pedro Manrique, Count of Lara, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II). Warren Henry II (1973): 216 (Roger [of Gloucester], Bishop of Worcester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II, cites William FitzStephen, III, 103-106). Kibler Eleanor of Aquitaine, Patron & Politcian (1976). Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14-15. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420-1920) (1977): 188-189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3(4) (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 2 (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II] later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Hanna Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89-90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321-336. Tyerman England & the Crusades 1095-1588 (1988): 48 ([Baldwin IV], King of Jerusalem, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II). Williamson Kings & Oueens of Britain (1991): 52-55 (biog. of Henry II:"... a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined.., well-grounded in law and history... undoubtedly a great king"), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Amt Accession of Henry II in England (1993). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "3 Kal. [Apr.] [30 March]. [Obiit] Alienor regina Anglie."). Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Church Medieval Knighthood V. Papers from the 66 Strawberry Hill Conf. 1994 (1995): 68. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Viator 27 (1996): 53 et seq. Vincent et al. Acta of Henry II & Richard 12 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67-69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled "king's kinsman'). Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England (1999). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Anglo-Norman Studies 23 (2001): 143-154. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Hanna Christchurch Priory Cartulary (Hampshire Rec. Ser. 18) (2007): 124 (Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II in charter dated 1154-71). Harper-Bill Henry II: New Interpretations (2007). Hosier Henry II (2007): 54. Cornwall Rec. Office: Arundell of Lanherne & Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert [Fitz Count], son of [Robert Fitz Roy], Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Online resource: The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm). Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153. He died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about 25 Dec. 1156, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65-66. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 434-435 (undated charter of King Henry II dated at Reading to Hurley Priory, Berkshire made for the health of the souls of his late son, William, and his grandfather, King Henry I). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Matthew of Paris Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum 1 (Rolls Set. 44) (1866): 307 (sub A.D. 1157: "In Adventu autem infirmatus Willelmus, primogenitus regis Henrici, obiit, diebus hujus anni scilicet Nataliciis; under dissentio est, utrum hoc vel anno praeterito obierit. Sepultus est autem apud Radingum."). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of William). Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34 (sub A.D. 1156: "Obiit Guillermus, primogenitus filius Henrici regis Anglorum, et sepultus est Radingis ad pedes Henrici regis, proavi sui."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hirst. (1872). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled "the Young King"), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or is Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. They had one son, William. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173-74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) BELA III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama [see HUNGARY 8], son of Geza II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama, by his wife, Euphrosine, daughter of Mstislav II the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. He was born about 1148. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following the death of her husband, Bela III, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66-67. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam of England (1851): 18-19. Douet-D'Arcq Historiques et Critiques sur les Anciens Comtes de Beaumont-sur-Oise (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie: Docs. Inédits 4) (1855): 50-51 (Henry the Young King of England styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Eleanor de Vermandois, Countess of Beaumont in charter dated 1184). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of Henry), 41-45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Henry). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: "Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo matito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit."). Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): iv (rare charter of Young Henry dated c.1170, in which he uses the style "rex Angliæ et Dux Normanniæ et Comes Andegaviæ, Regis Henrici filius"). Deville Tornbeaux de la Cathédral de Rotten (1881): 161-162,164-165,210-211. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13 (seal of Henry son of King Henry II dated 1170-1182 - King, enthroned, with sceptre and orb; sides of throne terminate in animals' heads, as on the thrones on the French royal seals. Legend: HENRICVS REX ANGLOR DVX NORMANNOR ET COMES ANDEGAVOR.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "11 Jun. [Obiit] Henricus tertius, rex Anglorum."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591-594, 602. Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382-384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240-241. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224-226. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he "used style rex Anglorum... hence called by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III"). Smith English Episc. Acta 2 Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110-111. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 96-97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297-326 ("the sole associate king in English post-conquest history"). Child of Henry of England, by Margaret of France: a. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born about 19 June 1177, died 22 June 1177. Benedict of Peterborough Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 177 ("Eodem anno [1177] circa clausum Pentecosten, Margareta, guæ, at supradictum est, prægnans abiit ad regem Franciæ patrem suum, peperit filium, et vocatum eat nomen ejus Willelmus, sed infra triduum obiit Parisius ubi natus fuit; et quidam dicebant quod abortivus fuit."). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH XII der Löwe (or HENRY the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich X, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, Holy Roman Emperor], and Wilhelm [Count of Luneburg], and two daughters, Maud and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180, and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Braunschweig (or Brunswick). In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. His wife, Maud, died at Braunschweig 28 June 1189. HEINRICH OF BRAUNSCHWEIG, former Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, died 6 August 1195. He and his wife, Maud, were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69-70. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Green Lives of the Princesses of England 1 (1857): 214-262 (biog. of Matilda of England). Pertz Historici Germania sac. XII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 21) (1869): 115-116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sæc. XII. et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled "kinsman" [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Ströhl Deutsch Wappenrolle (1897): 72. Hohnstein Geschichte des Heroztums Braunschweig (1908): 91-140 (biog. of Heinrich der Löwe). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Waltz Ottonis et Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris (Monumenta Germaniæ Histories, Scriptures rerum Germanicarum 46) (1912): 350 (Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris Appendix sub A.D. 1168: "... nam inter imperatorem et regem Angliæ fedus et amicicia fuit, data filia sua in uxorem Heinrico duci Bawariæ et Saxoniæ."). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 284 (ancestry of Maud of England). Jordan Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Löwen Herzogs von Sachsen and Bayern (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Laienfürsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit) (1941): 51-53 (Gebhard I, Count of Burghausen styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich), 107-108 (Otto VI, Count Palatine of Wittelsbach, afterwards Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepos] by Duke Heinrich), 181-182 (Friedrich II, Count Palatine of Saxony, Count of Sommerschenburg styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich). Foreville L'Eglise et le Royaute en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154-1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Appelt Die Urkunden Friedrichs I. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser 10(1)) (1975): 18-19, 231-233, 347-349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [cognate/cognate] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259-260, 332-335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepotem/nepos] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364-365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [consanguine] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Gens Nostra 46 (1991): 540-541. Kegel Die Jüngere Hildesheimer Briefsammlung (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Die Briefe Der Deutschen Kaiserzeit 7) (1995): 101-102 (letter of Heinrich of Braunschweig to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188), 102-103 (Heinrich of Braunschweig styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] in letter from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Jour. Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379-393. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bayern/heinrich_12_derloewe_herzog_von_bayern_1195_welfen/heinrich_12_der loewe_herzog_von_bayern_und_sachsen_+_1195.html. Children of Maud of England, by Duke Heinrich XII der Löwe: a. OTTO OF BRUNSWICK, 3rd son. He was educated at the court of his uncle, King Richard I of England, under whose experience he gained valuable experience in war. He was appointed Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, and Earl of Yorkshire. When Emperor Henry VI died in Sept. 1197, some of the German princes under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, were anxious to find a rival to Philip, Duke of Swabia, who had been elected German king. Otto married (1st) 22 July 1212 BEATRIX OF HOHENSTAUFEN, daughter of Philip, Duke of Swabia. They had no issue. His wife, Beatrix, died 11 August 1212. He married (2nd) at Aachen 19 May 1214 MARIA OF BRABANT, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Lorraine and Brabant, Margrave of Antwerp, by his 1st wife, Machtild (or Mahaud), daughter and co-heiress of Mathieu of Flanders, Count of Boulogne [see BRABANT 5 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. OTTO IV, late Emperor, died at the Harzburg 19 May 1218, and was buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. His widow, Maria, married (2nd) in July 1220 WILHELM (or WILLEM) I, Count of Holland [see HOLLAND 5]. She died between 9 March and 14 June 1260. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 477-478 (Richard I, King of England, styled "uncle" [avunculus] in charter of Otto, Duke of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 28-29, 87-88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" [nepos] by King John of England). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 37-48 (Otto of Saxony [former Emperor Otto IV] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 57-60 (Otto [IV], late Emperor, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1228). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 290 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1218: "Otho imperator Alemanniæ, nepos Ricardi et Johannis regum obiit."). Piot Cartulaire de l'Abbeye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 199-200 (charter of Henri [II], Duke of Lorraine and Brabant dated 1240, names his "dear sister" [charissima soror], Maria, former Empress of the Romans). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 298-299 ("Eodem anno [1195] Willelmus rex Scottorum ægrotavit, in villa sua quæ dicitur Clacmanan et statuit Othonem filium Henrici ducis Saxoniæ, nepotem Ricardi regis sibi successurum in regnum Scottorum, ita quod ipse Otho filiam suam primogenitam in uxorem cum regno duceret. Et quamvis rex plures haberet qui voluntati suæ in hoc consentirent, tamen comes Patricius et alii multi contradixerunt ..."). Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sac. XII et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 385 (F Gervasii Tilleberiensis Otiis Imperialibus: William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, styled "uncle" [avunculum] of Emperor Otto IV). Doyle Official Baronage of England 3 (1886): 740 (sub York). Thatcher & McNeal Source Book for Mediæval Hist. (1905): 228 (Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" by King John of England in 1202). Hohnstein Geschichte des Herzogtams Braunschweig (1908): 141-149 (biog. of Kaiser Otto IV). Encyclopædia Britannica 20 (1911): 375 (biog. of Otto IV, Roman emperor). Nicholson Love, War & the Grail (2001). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/otto_4_deutscher_koenig_1218_welfen/otto_4_von_ braunschweig_deutscher_koeni8-+_1218.html. b. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF BRUNSWICK, born in 1172. She married (1st) in July 1189 GEOFFREY III, Count of Perche, lord of Toddington, Bedfordshire and Aldbourne and Wanborough, Wiltshire, son of Rotrou III, Count of Perche, by Mathilde, daughter of Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. They had two sons, Geoffrey and Thomas [Count of the Perche]. GEOFFREY III, Count of the Perche, died 5 April 1202. His widow, Maud, married (2nd) before 1203 (as his 1st wife) ENGUERRAND DE COUCY, seigneur of Coucy, and, in right of his wife, Count of the Perche, son and heir of Raoul de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy, by Alix, daughter of Robert I, Count of Dreux. She died in 13 Jan. 1209/10. Placitorum in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservatorum Abbrevatio (1811): 55. Rotuli litterarum patentium in turri Londinensi asservati 1201- 1216 (1834): 18 (Maud, Countess of the Perche, styled "niece" [nepti] by King John of England in 1202). Lepinois & Merlet Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres 2 (1863): 21 (charter of Maud, Countess of Perche, dated June 1202, names her late husband, Geoffrey, and her son, Thomas), 22. Herald & Genealogist 6 (1871): 241- 253 ([Maud], Countess of Perche styled "niece" [neptis] by King John, cites Rot. Normann. p. 87.). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 436-438 (J. de Pertico [Enguerrand de Coucy, Count of the Perche] styled "your kinsman" [consobrinum tuum] in letter from Pope Innocent III to King Philippe Auguste of France in 1203). Money Hist. of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11(1903): 304-305. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 374 (biog. of Geoffrey de Perche). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France: County of the Perche 1000-1226 (2002). Kathleen Thompson "Matilda, countess of the Perche (1171-1210): The expression of authority in name, style and seal" available at www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/crahm/revue/tabularia/thompson.html. iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Cæur-de-Lion or the Iionheart), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice (or Alix) of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother's inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173-4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175-77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry's death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father's orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions, including Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard's marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry's death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BERENGERE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho Vi el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard's journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, whom he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. His second Coronation was solemnised in Winchester Cathedral 17 April 1194. In October 1196 he made peace with Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, renouncing all claims to the county of Toulouse and the subject county of Rouergue; he also returned Quercy and gave the Agenais as part of the dowry for his sister Joan's marriage to Raymond. In 1199, during a minor siege at Chalus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. Following Richard's death, the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire formed part of his widow, Berengere's dower, but she did not enjoy her full tights as indicated by a papal letter to King John in 1209. In 1204 Bérengère ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thoré in Maine. She was co-heiress in 1226 to her cousin, Guillaume, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, Count of Perche. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l'Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l'Epau Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73-80. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1045-1046 (charters of Queen Bérengère of England). Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 12. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 266 (Obit. of Tintem Abbey: "Ricardus Rex Angliæ primus obiit xxvii. die Mardi"; "Berengerus et comitissa soror ejus obiit xxiij. die Decembris."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 313-314. Brequigny Table Chronologique des Diplomes, Charles, Titres et Actes Imprimés concernant l'Histoire de France 4 (1836): 357. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. Ill. the Hist. of Scotland 1(1837): xxviii-xxix (William the lion, King of Scots styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Richard I of England). Archæologia 27 (1838): 109-112. Green Letters of Royal & Ill Ladies (1846): 30-34 (two letters of Bérengère, Queen of England). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Riley Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1853): 120 (Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham, styled "our dearly beloved cousin" by King Richard I). Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21(1855): 604 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): "... Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi"). Migne Innocentii III Romani pontificis opera omnia (Patrologia Ser. Latina 215) (1855): 1538-1539. Arbois de Jubainville Hist. des Ducs et des Comtes de Champagne 5 (1863): 195, 229-230, 238. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Charles 2 (1866): 181-182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled "aunt" [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] "Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de Ella Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus."). Lalore Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Boulancoutt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: "23 Dec. - solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d'Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne"). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 39 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Richard I), 151 (Chronicon Sancti Sergii Andegavensis: death of King Richard I). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147-159. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 447 ([Blanche of Navarre], Countess of Troyes, styled "sister" [sororem] of Queen Bérengère in letter by Pope Innocent III to King John dated 1204). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13-14 (seal of King Richard I - Obverse. King enthroned: closely fitting tunic, loose surcoat with embroidered edges at neck and arms, and cloak. Open crown of three points fleury. In right hand a sword held erect; in left hand an orb topped by a cross fleur-de-lisée. Throne of elaborate pannelled work, of four stages of arcading with intervening head-mouldings, the back splayed away, and footboard enriched with carvings of quatrefoils, and a corbel on seven arches. In the field, on either side of king's head, a crescent enclosing an estoile of seven points wavy. On either side of throne a sprig of the planta genista, or broom. Legend: + RICARDVS DEI GRACIA REX ANGLORVM. Reverse. King on horseback to right. Hauberk and surcoat of mail armour, conical helmet, large broad sword, bowed shield on which a lion rampant contoume. Horse-trappings: head-gear, ornamental saddle and breast-band. Legend: + RICARDVS DVX NORMANNORVM ET AQVITANORVM ET COMES ANDEGAVORVM.). Meyer L'Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338-340, esp. lines 9392-9432 (André de Chauvigny styled "king's kinsman"). Delisle Manuscrits Latins et Français ajoutés aux Fonds des Nouvelles Acquisitions Pendant les Années 1875-1894 2 (1894): 509-510 (Calendrier of Maubuisson Abbey) ("X kal. januarii [23 Dec.]. Obiit Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 556-557 (charter of King Richard I dated 1189-1190); 2 (1897): 179-180. Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 89-90 (William the lion, King of Scotland styled "dearest cousin" by King Richard I of England in 1189), 92-93 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and cousin and liegeman" by King Richard I of England in 1194). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(2) (Recueil des Historiens de la France - Obituaires) (1902): 645 (Abbaye de Port Royal: "x. cal. [23 Dec.]. Ce jour est fait l’anniversaire de Berangarie, royne [1229], et de Blanche, contesse, et non en convent."), 655 (Abbaye de Maubuisson: "[23 Dec.]. x kal. jan. Obiit. Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Lair (Société des Archives Hist. du Maine 6) (1905): 80-81. D.N.B. 16(1909): 1022-1031 (biog. of Richard I: "... He was a stern ruler.., where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault... In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree... He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher... a man of many accomplishments"). Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: "A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale"). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 18-20 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Richard I in 1197). Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174-1328 (1965): 12-14 (William the lion, King of Scotland, styled "kinsman" by King Richard in 1189), 18-19 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and kinsman" [amico et consanguineo] by King Richard in 1194). Paget lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185-198; 23 (1997): 351-365. Bull. Inst. Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157-173. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36-37. Mitchell Berengaria, Enigmatic Queen of England (1986). King & Ridyard Law in Mediæval Life & Thought (Sewanee Mediæal Studies 5) (1990): 21-42. Williamson Kings & Queens of Britain (1991): 55-56,65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 127 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus April [6 April]. Obiit Ricardus Rex Anglie, qui dedit Boscum de Blen cum pertinentiis suis Ecclesie Christi."), 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus Apr. 16 April]. Obiit Richardus rex Angliae."). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37-53; 43 (1999): 79-89. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58,189-200. French Hist. Studies 21 (1998): 517-542. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart's Queen (1999): 23 (Queen Bérengère's "long years of widowhood" reveal "a strong, courageous woman, independent, solitary, battling against difficult political and economic circumstances, with little interest in the trappings of a courtly existence, sustained by her faith in Christ and her royalty to the See of St Peter, not afraid to assert her rights against powerful enemies, both lay and clerical."), 183 (Queen Bérengère styled "kinswoman" by King Louis IX of France). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 97,105. Online resources: www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm. Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, ___: a. PHILIP FITZ ROY (otherwise PHILIP DE COGNAC), in right of his wife, of Cognac, Merpins, and Jarnac. He married AMELIE DE COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Adémar, Count of Angouleme, did homage to him in 1194, and also after his father's death. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father's death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Bull. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de l'Ouest et des Musées de Poitiers 12 (1845): 415. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464-465 ("In the same year [A.D. 11991, Philip, bastard son of Richard, king of England, to whom the said king, his father, had given the castle and the manor of Cuinac, slew the before-named viscount of Limoges, in revenge for his father."). Comptes d'Alphonse de Poitiers (Archives Hist. du Poitou 4) (1875): 21-22 ("... Tempore domini comids Pictavensis Henrici, qui fuit rex Anglie, quittavit pater comitis Audomaris Engolismensis, in aula Pictavensi, Bardon, dominum Coignyaci, de homagio quod petebat ab ipso de Coygnyaco, et eo presente et concedente, fecit homagium dominus Coygnyaci domini comiti Pictavensi, de Cognyaco et pertinentiis; et credo quod adhuc vivunt multi qui hoc viderunt. Filius dicti domini Cognyaci fecit similiter homagium Richardo Pictavensi, de Coygnyaco et pertinentiis; quo domino Cognyaci mortuo, dedit rex Richardus comes Pictavensis dominam Amellyam unicam heredem Coygnyaci, quam habebat in ballo, ratione comitatus Pictavensis, in uxorem cuidam filio suo notho, scilicet Philippo de Coygnyaco; qua defuncta sine liberis, tenuit dictus comes Richardus dictum castrum et eum tradidit Roberto de Torniant, senescallo suo Pictavensis."). Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes 1 (1883): 271. Boissonade Quomodo Comites Engolismenses ega Reges Anglia, et Francia se Gesserint 1152- 1328 (1893). Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330. Furness I. & Death of King John (1919): 6-9. Boissonade L'Ascension, le Déclin et la Chute d'un Grand Etat Féodal du Centre-Ouest: Les Taillefer et les Lusignans (Bull. et Méms. de la Soc. Arch. et Hist. de la Charente) (1935). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 ("Philipp° f[ilio] R. Richardi"). Martin-Civat Les Seigneuties de Cognac, Jarnac et Metpins dons l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XIIe et XIIIe Siècle (Congrès des Socs. Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956). Henderson Richard Coeur de Lion (1959): 242. Shakespeare Quarterly 11 (1960): 137-146. Powicke Loss of Normandy (1961): 32-33. Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274-275. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102. Le Château Royal of Cognac (Mems./Institut d'Hist. et d'Arch. de Cognac et du Cognaçais) 2 (1972): 5. Shakespeare Studies (1976): 59-70. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126-127, 179. Debord La Soc. Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente Xe-XlIe Siècle (1984): 486-488. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 769 (sub Limoges). Evergates Feudal Soc. in Medieval France (1993): 58-59. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58. Bernard et al. Hist. du Poitou et des Pays Charentais (2001): 151. Erickson Royal Panoply: Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (2006): 46. v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 (by dispensation, they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY [see BRITTANY 6], daughter and heiress of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland [see BRITTANY 5 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1162. They had three children (see below). In 1178 he was knighted at Woodstock by his father. In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Notre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH, Earl of Chester [see CHESTER 5.i], Judge in the King's Court, 1193, Constable of Sermilly Castle, 1201-4, Constable of the Tower of Avranches, 1203, Warden of the Peak Castle and Forest, 1215, Steward of the Town and Honour of Lancaster, 1216-23, Constable of Fotheringay Castle, 1221-2, Steward of the Honour of Leicester, 1222, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, son and heir of Hugh, Earl of Chester, hereditary Vicomte of Avranches, by Bertrade, daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux, seigneur of Montfort-l'Amaury [see CHESTER 5 for his ancestry]. They had no issue. In 1196 Ranulph captured Constance en route to her 6n5li7ing negotiations with King Richard I and confined her at Benvron for at least a year. Soon after her release, she sought the annulment of their marriage which was granted in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. She married (3rd) before October 1199 (as his 1st wife) GUY DE THOUARS [see BRITTANY 6], in right of his 1st wife, Count (or Duke) of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars, by his wife, Aumur (or Aumou) [see AQUITAINE 3.ii.a for his ancestry]. They had three daughters, Alix (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond), Marguerite, and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was buried at Villeneuve. In 1202 he joined King Philippe Augustus, and his English lands were confiscated. He served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) EUSTACHE DE MAULEON, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d'Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre de Chemillé, Knt. [seigneur of Chemille, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas de Chemillé, Knt. In October 1203 he was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. In 1206 King Philippe Auguste of France granted him le Broherec, la Cornouaille, and le Pouher. GUY DE THOUARS died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) RENAUD DE MAULEVRIER. She was living in 1244. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67-68. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1333 (abstract of charter of Guy de Thouars dated 1208 naming his mother, Aumuz, and his wife, [Constance] Countess of Brittany). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1(1725): 445-461 (sub Bretagne). Morice Méms. pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 37-38, 822 (dower of Katherine of Brittany, wife of André III de Vitré), 912-913, 917, 919-920 (instances of Pierre de Chemillé styled "uncle" [avunculus] by Jean, Duke of Brittany, in 1238, 1240, 1241), 930-931 (Thomas de Chemillé styled "brother" [fratri] by Pierre de Chemillé). Morice Histoire Ecclésiastique et Civil de Bretagne 1 (1750): xvii-xviii (Counts of Penthievre ped). Banks Dormant & Extinct Baronage of England 1 (1807): 218-220. Hanshall Hut. of the County Palatine of Chester (1823): 21-23. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 325 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated 1230), 574-575 (Jerveaux Abbey - Genealogy of the Counts of Richmond). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 247-249. Extracta e Vanis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 70 ("Henricus, regis Dauid filius, comes Huntyntoune et Northumbrie vxorem duxit Adam filiam Willelmi senioris, sororis Willelmi junioris comitis de Warenna, et sororem comitis Roberti Legecesterensis, et Walranni comitis de Melent, cuius mater fait soror Rodulphi comitis de Perona, regis Francorum Ludouici consanguinea, ex qua suscepit tres inclitos filios Genuit eciam idem princeps Henricus totidem Elias ex uxore sua predicta Ada, scilicet, Adam, que lege conjugii tradita est comiti Holandie Fiorentino: secundam, Margaretam Conano duci Britannie comiti de Richmonth nuptam, ex qua genuit filiam nomine Constanciam Gaufrido, comiti Ancligauie, fratri regis Anglie Richardi Primi, disponsatam, de qua Gaufridus genuit alum nomine Arthurum, postea in mare mersum, vnam eciam filiam, Aleciam nomine, que a Petro Mauclerk concepit et peperit filium, normna Johannem, postea ducem Britannie, et aliam filiani nomine Alienoram, que cum Arthuro fratre in mare periit."). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 365-369 (re. Thouars fam.). Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbaris 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 207. Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Geoffrey). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 35 (1874): 8-9 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5 (seal of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond dated 1185 - Le duc à cheval, vêtu du haubert, coiffé d'un heaume a timbre arrondi; lance au gonfanon. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS DVX BRI Revers: Le duc à cheval, couvert d'un immense bouclier, brandissant son épée. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS COMES RICHEMVNDIE), 5-6 (undated seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond - Dame debout, coiffée en tresses, revêtue d'un sur ___ ajusté du corsage, des hanches et des bras, at recouvert d'une chape, un faucon sur le poing, en fleuron dans la main droite. [Légende:]* CONSTANCIA DVCISS … [COM]ITISSA RICH[EMUN]DIE). Ormerod Hist. of the County Palatine & City of Chester 1 (1882): 33-41. Robertson Materials for the Hist. of Thomas Becket 6 (Rolls Ser. 67) (1882): 170-174. Bull & Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Département d'Ille-et-Vilaine 17 (1885): 370-371, 371-372 (charter dated 1182-85 of Geoffrey son of King Henry, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richmond; charter granted with consent of his wife, Constance), 373 (charter dated 1183-86 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to the church of Rouen), 374- 376 (charter dated 1187 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 376-377 (charter dated 1189 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 377-378 (charter dated 1193 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Melaine of Rennes Abbey), 379-380 (charter dated 1198 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond), 380-381 (charter dated 1199 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Notre Dame près Aurai Priory), 383-384 (charter dated 1199-1201 of Guy de Thouars, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond and his wife, Constance, Duchess of Brittany to Melerai Abbey), 384-387 (foundation charter dated 1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond for Villeneuve Abbey), 387 (charter dated 1187-1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Buzai Abbey), 388-390, 391-392 (charter dated 1205 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the monks of Villeneuve), 394-397 (charter dated 1207 by Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the canons of Nantes), 397-406, 406-407 (charter dated 1212 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany), 408, 409 (charter dated 1201-13 of Guy, Duke of Brittany to the nuns of Saint-Sulpice les Rennes). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 365-366 (sub Chester); 3 (1886): 107-109 (sub Richmond). Annales Cestrienses (Lanc. & Cheshire Rec. Soc. 14) (1887): 40-41 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1188: "Rannulphus comes cestrie Cui etiam dedit Henricus rex anglie in uxorem relictam v Kl. [recte Galfridi filii sui] Cui comitissam britannie filia Alani [recte Conant] Comitis britannie nominee Constancia et toto comittatu de Richemund quam ipse comes Cestrie Rannulphus desponsavit in die Sancte Werburge virginis, id est, tertia nonas Februarii [3 Feb.] apud ..."), 46 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1200: "Rannulphus comes Cestrie desponsavit uxorem filiam Radulphi de Feugis, nomine Clementiam, relicta comitissa Britannie, nomine Constancia."). La Borderie Recueil d’Actes Inédits des Ducs et Princes de Bretagne (XIe, XIIe, XIIIe Siecles) (1888). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 378 (seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond dated 1190-1198 - Pointed oval. To the right. Standing, with tightly-fitting dress, long fur-lined cloak fastened at the throat, in the right hand a lily-flower, on the left hand a hawk with long jesses.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Gaufridus comes."). Rosenzweig Cartulaire général de Morbihan 1 (1895): 190-191 (charter of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, dated between 1182-1183). Inventaire Sommaire des Archives Départementales antérieures a 1790, Loire-Inférieure 2(2) Ser. C & D (1898): 147. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 220 (Livre d'Anniversaires des XIVe-XVe Siedes: "18 August - [Obiit] Gaufridi, comitis Britanie [1186]."). Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 531-532. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 355. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 58-70. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103-106, 371-372 (biog. of Geoffrey Fitz Roy, Count of Brittany). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 441-458. Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 195 (chart). Le Moyen Age 35 (1924-5): 63-70. Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Peds. (1925): 11 (ped. of Earls of Chester). Brunel et al. Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 2 (1943): 542. C.P. 10 (1945): 780 (chart), 794-805 (sub Richmond). Annales de Bretagne 53 (1946), 1-27. Painter Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). BIHR 50 (1977): 112-115. Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 2 (1981): 13 (seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated c.1200 - A shield of arms: a lion passant. Legend: + SIGILLVM [R]A[NVF]I COMMS CESTRIE). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as "a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler"). Hist. Research 63 (1990): 1-16. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 45-47. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany & her Fam. (1999). Everard Brittany & the Angevins (2000). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 347-360. Jones Between France & England (2003): 38-40. Wheeler & Parsons Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 101. Richard Eales, `Ranulf (HI), sixth earl of Chester and first earl of Lincoln (1170-1232)', in Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (2004). Bull & Léglu World of Eleanor of Aquitaine (2005). Guéraud Contribution a "Etude du Processus coutumier au Moyen Age (2008): 250 (charter of Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, dated after 1173 names his mother, Aumou, his wife Sibyl; his brothers, Guy, Hugues, Geoffroi, and Raymond; and his sisters, Marie and Amabil), 251 (chart), 305. Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany: a. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182-4.She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold's death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 October 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wiltshire. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 ("commonly called The Damsel of Britain"). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Green Letters of Royal & Ill. Ladies (1846): 24-27 ("The ac	Fitz Roy, Morgan (I7288)
6010	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1133. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, at Whitsuntide 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ALIENOR) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine [see FRANCE 6] (divorced 21 March 1152), and daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Aénor, daughter of Amaury (or Aimery) I, Vicomte of Châtellerault [see AQUITAINE 4 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud [Abbess of Barking]. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen's heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the "Angevin empire" (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. In 1158 he confirmed a treaty with King Louis VII of France involving the marriage of Henry's son to the French king's daughter. In the summer of 1159 he launched an unsuccessful expedition against Toulouse, which he claimed as Duke of Aquitaine. His reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connacht, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king's bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Poitiers (Vienne), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried in the church of the Abbey of Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire). Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1st marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France [see FRANCE 6], namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes) [see BLOIS 4] and Alix of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France [see WYDEVILLE 4]. References: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20 (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules at de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France, etc.); 13 (1869): 308 i (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703,708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines); 19 (1880): 336-337. Schwennicke Europæische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquataine: Lord & Lady (2003). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59-72. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1128 (Agnes de Barbezillo styled "aunt" famital of Queen Eleanor [of Aquitaine), wife of King Louis WI of France). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 17 (Kalendar of Obits: "II Non. Julius [6 July]. Obitus Henrici Regis Anglie, filie Matildis."). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1725): 76-77. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7-10, 10-12 (will of King Henry II). L'Art de Vérifier les Dates 2 (1784): 348-365 (sub Comtes de Poitiers, Ducs de Aquitaine). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1786): 190 (Ex Radulfi de Diceto: Ralph de Fay styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1 (1) (1816): 81-82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William [Fitz Roy], 4th Earl of Surrey (or Warenne), styled "kinsman" [cognati] by King Henry II). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1-4 (will of King Henry II of England). Gray Scalacronica (1836): 278 (Ermengarde de Beaumont, wife of William the Lion, King of Scots styled "cousin" [cosyn] of King Henry II of England). Historiæ Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (Surtees Soc. 9) (1839): Appendix, pg. 1, charter no. xixii (Hugh [du Puiset], Bishop of Durham, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 304-378 (biog. of Eleanora of Aquitaine). Pertz Chronica et Annales ævi Salui (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 6) (1844): (Roberti de Monte Cronica [Robert de Torigni]): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled "aunt" [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled "kinsman" [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled "kinsman" on the part of King Henry II's mother, Empress Maud), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "kinsman" [cognate]; Earl Hugh's wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Evreux "kinswoman" [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II's father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinsman" [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [cognate]); 27(1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinswoman" by King Henry II). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851) 18-19. Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 245 (Annals of Waverley sub AD. 1188 - Baldwin [de Revers], Earl of Cornwall, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry II). Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 372 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars styled "your cousin and our's" [votre cousin et au notre] by queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in letter to her son, King John dated 1200-1201; also see Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chattes 32 (1871): 412-413). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 33 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Henry II), 46 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of King Henry II). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled "kinsman" of King Henry II; see Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 83, footnote 1). Grasilier Cartulaires Inédits de la Saintonge 2: Cartulaire de l'Abbaye Royale de Notre-Dame de Saintes (1871): 13-16, 19-21, 35-36, 36 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France dated 1151 names her "sister” [sororis], Aelith), 37, 51 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France, dated 1140 names her "aunt" [amite], Agnes [de Barbezieux], Abbess of Saintes; charter witnessed by Aelith, "sister" [sorore] of Queen Eleanor), 52, 78. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 192 (birth of King Henry II); 2 (1873): 7 (sub A.D. 1168: Mathieu, Count of Boulogne, styled "kinsman" [cognatum] of King Henry II of England). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Set.) (1874): 285 (Ralph de Pale styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Montzey Hist. de is Fliche 1 (1877): 137-146. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 426, 439 (Chron. of Geoffrey Vosiensis: Sarah daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall and wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] of King Henry II of England). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 15 (1878): 767-768 (P[etrus Raimundi], Abbot of Saint Maxent, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in letters dated 1161). Eyton Court, Household & Intinerary of King Henry II (1878): 8 (Henry [de Sully], Abbot of Fécamp, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Stubbs Hist. Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1879): 93 (birth of King Henry II), 140-141 (David I, King of Scots, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] of King Henry II of England). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). Bain Cal. Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15-17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of Queen Eleanor). Hart Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia 1 (1884): 106 (Silvio de Cresto styled "queen's kinsman" [nepoti Regina]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 10-13 (seal of King Henry II - Obverse. King enthroned, holding sword and orb; generally ressembling the obverse of seals of Henry I. and Stephen, but with differences in arches on front of throne, and in the various proportions. Legend: + HENRICVS DEI • G[RATIA] • REX ANGLORUM. Four small points in cross placed as a stop between the words. Reverse. King on a horse to the right; hauberk, continuous coif, and chausses of chain-mail, here represented by rings. Conical helmet with nasal. Shield secured by strap passing round king's neck, and fastened by a ring into inner surface of leather. In right hand a long sword; in left hand the short strap of shield and reins. Horse's head-gear composed of chain-work. Legend: + HENR : DEI : GRA : DVX : NORM: [ ] ET : AQVIT : ET: COM : ANDEG.). Christie Annales Cestrienses (1887): 29-35 (Bertrade of Evreux, wife of Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "cousin" of King Henry II in chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164-1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled "kinswoman" [cognate] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). Gross Gild Merchant 2 (1890): 28-29 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem 1(1894): 108, 125-128, 180-181, 312, 470-471, 480-482, 519, 527, 567-568; 2 (1897): 18-19. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "7 Jul. [Obiit] Henricus secundus, rex Anglorum."). Archives Hist. de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6-7 (charter of Eleanor). Beauchet-Filleau Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des Families du Poitou 2 (1895): 320 ("L'obituaire de Fontevrault place son décès le jour des ides de janvier. Dnus Radulfus princeps de Faia, avunculus Dnæ Alienordis Reginae. (bat. 54802 89.)) (author identifies Ralph de Fay as son of Aimery I, Vicomte of Châtellerault). Wigram Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford 2 (1896): 116 (Empress Maud styled "sister" [soror] and her son, Henry [afterwards King Henry II of England] styled "nephew" [nepos] by Robert Fitz Roy, Earl of Gloucester in charter dated c.1142). Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Andre de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England, and her son, King John, in letter dated 1199). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 69 (grant by King Henry II dated 1186-9). Broussillon Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers 2 (1903): 84 (Raoul [de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "dearest kinsman" [charissimus cognatus] in letter by King Henry II of England). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78-93; 42 (1927): 569-572; 74 (1959): 193-213; 110 (1995): 652-655. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 104-105 (Mary, Abbess of Romsey, styled "kinswoman" [cognata/cognatam] by King Henry II). Jeayes Desc. Cat. Derbyshire Charters (1906): 244 (Maud [of Gloucester], Countess of Chester, styled "kinswoman" [cognata] by King Henry II in charter dated ?1175). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593-596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452-463 (biog. of Henry II: "... his nature was full of passion... [he] was a great builder... Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign... probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day... genius for government"). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie (1909): 352-354 (biog. of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England: "Un des recueils de Gaignières (ms. latin 5419, p. 80) nous a conservé l'image de sceau dont elle continua a se servir pendant son veuvage. C'est un long sceau allongé et pointu sot lequel elle est représentée debout, tenant on oiseau sur la main gauche; il ne subsistait que la dernière partie de la légende: NORMANORVM DUCISSA ET ANDEGAVIE COMITISSA. Il y a aux Auxives nationales, attaché a one charte de l'année 1199, on exemplaire mutile de ce même sceau."). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184-1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 ([Maud de Bohun], wife of Juhel de Mayenne, styled "neptis Regis" [kinswoman of King Henry II]). Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled "king's kinsman" in 1188), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see also Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; Round Cal Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II; see also Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1846): 142; Méms. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de Picardie 47 (1936): 182-184 (Eustache's mother named in charter as Isabel); Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XIe-XIIIe Siècle) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l'Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191-192 (Eustache named in charter as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavene, Count of Saint-Pol)]. Delisle & Berger Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre, Duc de Normandie 3 (1927): 136 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), ([Raoul de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Chartrou-Charbonnel L'Anjou de 1109 à 1151: Foulque de Jérusalem et Geoffroi Plantegenêt (1928). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 253 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Speculum 30 (1955): 374-384. Boussard Le Gouvernement d'Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32-33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153-156. Genealogists' Mag. 14 (1964): 361-368. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154 3 (1968). Charles Evans "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany," in Mélanges Offerts à Szaboles de Vajay à l'Occasion de Son Cinquitième Anniversaire (1971): 187-191 (Margery [de Bohun], wife of Pedro Manrique, Count of Lara, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II). Warren Henry II (1973): 216 (Roger [of Gloucester], Bishop of Worcester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II, cites William FitzStephen, III, 103-106). Kibler Eleanor of Aquitaine, Patron & Politcian (1976). Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14-15. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420-1920) (1977): 188-189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3(4) (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 2 (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II] later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Hanna Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89-90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321-336. Tyerman England & the Crusades 1095-1588 (1988): 48 ([Baldwin IV], King of Jerusalem, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II). Williamson Kings & Oueens of Britain (1991): 52-55 (biog. of Henry II:"... a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined.., well-grounded in law and history... undoubtedly a great king"), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Amt Accession of Henry II in England (1993). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "3 Kal. [Apr.] [30 March]. [Obiit] Alienor regina Anglie."). Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Church Medieval Knighthood V. Papers from the 66 Strawberry Hill Conf. 1994 (1995): 68. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Viator 27 (1996): 53 et seq. Vincent et al. Acta of Henry II & Richard 12 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67-69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled "king's kinsman'). Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England (1999). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Anglo-Norman Studies 23 (2001): 143-154. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Hanna Christchurch Priory Cartulary (Hampshire Rec. Ser. 18) (2007): 124 (Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II in charter dated 1154-71). Harper-Bill Henry II: New Interpretations (2007). Hosier Henry II (2007): 54. Cornwall Rec. Office: Arundell of Lanherne & Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert [Fitz Count], son of [Robert Fitz Roy], Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Online resource: The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm). Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153. He died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about 25 Dec. 1156, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65-66. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 434-435 (undated charter of King Henry II dated at Reading to Hurley Priory, Berkshire made for the health of the souls of his late son, William, and his grandfather, King Henry I). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Matthew of Paris Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum 1 (Rolls Set. 44) (1866): 307 (sub A.D. 1157: "In Adventu autem infirmatus Willelmus, primogenitus regis Henrici, obiit, diebus hujus anni scilicet Nataliciis; under dissentio est, utrum hoc vel anno praeterito obierit. Sepultus est autem apud Radingum."). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of William). Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34 (sub A.D. 1156: "Obiit Guillermus, primogenitus filius Henrici regis Anglorum, et sepultus est Radingis ad pedes Henrici regis, proavi sui."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hirst. (1872). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled "the Young King"), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or is Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. They had one son, William. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173-74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) BELA III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama [see HUNGARY 8], son of Geza II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama, by his wife, Euphrosine, daughter of Mstislav II the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. He was born about 1148. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following the death of her husband, Bela III, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66-67. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam of England (1851): 18-19. Douet-D'Arcq Historiques et Critiques sur les Anciens Comtes de Beaumont-sur-Oise (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie: Docs. Inédits 4) (1855): 50-51 (Henry the Young King of England styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Eleanor de Vermandois, Countess of Beaumont in charter dated 1184). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of Henry), 41-45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Henry). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: "Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo matito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit."). Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): iv (rare charter of Young Henry dated c.1170, in which he uses the style "rex Angliæ et Dux Normanniæ et Comes Andegaviæ, Regis Henrici filius"). Deville Tornbeaux de la Cathédral de Rotten (1881): 161-162,164-165,210-211. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13 (seal of Henry son of King Henry II dated 1170-1182 - King, enthroned, with sceptre and orb; sides of throne terminate in animals' heads, as on the thrones on the French royal seals. Legend: HENRICVS REX ANGLOR DVX NORMANNOR ET COMES ANDEGAVOR.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "11 Jun. [Obiit] Henricus tertius, rex Anglorum."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591-594, 602. Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382-384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240-241. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224-226. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he "used style rex Anglorum... hence called by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III"). Smith English Episc. Acta 2 Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110-111. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 96-97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297-326 ("the sole associate king in English post-conquest history"). Child of Henry of England, by Margaret of France: a. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born about 19 June 1177, died 22 June 1177. Benedict of Peterborough Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 177 ("Eodem anno [1177] circa clausum Pentecosten, Margareta, guæ, at supradictum est, prægnans abiit ad regem Franciæ patrem suum, peperit filium, et vocatum eat nomen ejus Willelmus, sed infra triduum obiit Parisius ubi natus fuit; et quidam dicebant quod abortivus fuit."). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH XII der Löwe (or HENRY the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich X, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, Holy Roman Emperor], and Wilhelm [Count of Luneburg], and two daughters, Maud and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180, and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Braunschweig (or Brunswick). In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. His wife, Maud, died at Braunschweig 28 June 1189. HEINRICH OF BRAUNSCHWEIG, former Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, died 6 August 1195. He and his wife, Maud, were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69-70. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Green Lives of the Princesses of England 1 (1857): 214-262 (biog. of Matilda of England). Pertz Historici Germania sac. XII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 21) (1869): 115-116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sæc. XII. et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled "kinsman" [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Ströhl Deutsch Wappenrolle (1897): 72. Hohnstein Geschichte des Heroztums Braunschweig (1908): 91-140 (biog. of Heinrich der Löwe). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Waltz Ottonis et Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris (Monumenta Germaniæ Histories, Scriptures rerum Germanicarum 46) (1912): 350 (Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris Appendix sub A.D. 1168: "... nam inter imperatorem et regem Angliæ fedus et amicicia fuit, data filia sua in uxorem Heinrico duci Bawariæ et Saxoniæ."). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 284 (ancestry of Maud of England). Jordan Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Löwen Herzogs von Sachsen and Bayern (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Laienfürsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit) (1941): 51-53 (Gebhard I, Count of Burghausen styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich), 107-108 (Otto VI, Count Palatine of Wittelsbach, afterwards Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepos] by Duke Heinrich), 181-182 (Friedrich II, Count Palatine of Saxony, Count of Sommerschenburg styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich). Foreville L'Eglise et le Royaute en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154-1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Appelt Die Urkunden Friedrichs I. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser 10(1)) (1975): 18-19, 231-233, 347-349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [cognate/cognate] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259-260, 332-335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepotem/nepos] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364-365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [consanguine] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Gens Nostra 46 (1991): 540-541. Kegel Die Jüngere Hildesheimer Briefsammlung (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Die Briefe Der Deutschen Kaiserzeit 7) (1995): 101-102 (letter of Heinrich of Braunschweig to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188), 102-103 (Heinrich of Braunschweig styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] in letter from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Jour. Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379-393. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bayern/heinrich_12_derloewe_herzog_von_bayern_1195_welfen/heinrich_12_der loewe_herzog_von_bayern_und_sachsen_+_1195.html. Children of Maud of England, by Duke Heinrich XII der Löwe: a. OTTO OF BRUNSWICK, 3rd son. He was educated at the court of his uncle, King Richard I of England, under whose experience he gained valuable experience in war. He was appointed Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, and Earl of Yorkshire. When Emperor Henry VI died in Sept. 1197, some of the German princes under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, were anxious to find a rival to Philip, Duke of Swabia, who had been elected German king. Otto married (1st) 22 July 1212 BEATRIX OF HOHENSTAUFEN, daughter of Philip, Duke of Swabia. They had no issue. His wife, Beatrix, died 11 August 1212. He married (2nd) at Aachen 19 May 1214 MARIA OF BRABANT, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Lorraine and Brabant, Margrave of Antwerp, by his 1st wife, Machtild (or Mahaud), daughter and co-heiress of Mathieu of Flanders, Count of Boulogne [see BRABANT 5 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. OTTO IV, late Emperor, died at the Harzburg 19 May 1218, and was buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. His widow, Maria, married (2nd) in July 1220 WILHELM (or WILLEM) I, Count of Holland [see HOLLAND 5]. She died between 9 March and 14 June 1260. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 477-478 (Richard I, King of England, styled "uncle" [avunculus] in charter of Otto, Duke of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 28-29, 87-88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" [nepos] by King John of England). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 37-48 (Otto of Saxony [former Emperor Otto IV] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 57-60 (Otto [IV], late Emperor, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1228). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 290 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1218: "Otho imperator Alemanniæ, nepos Ricardi et Johannis regum obiit."). Piot Cartulaire de l'Abbeye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 199-200 (charter of Henri [II], Duke of Lorraine and Brabant dated 1240, names his "dear sister" [charissima soror], Maria, former Empress of the Romans). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 298-299 ("Eodem anno [1195] Willelmus rex Scottorum ægrotavit, in villa sua quæ dicitur Clacmanan et statuit Othonem filium Henrici ducis Saxoniæ, nepotem Ricardi regis sibi successurum in regnum Scottorum, ita quod ipse Otho filiam suam primogenitam in uxorem cum regno duceret. Et quamvis rex plures haberet qui voluntati suæ in hoc consentirent, tamen comes Patricius et alii multi contradixerunt ..."). Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sac. XII et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 385 (F Gervasii Tilleberiensis Otiis Imperialibus: William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, styled "uncle" [avunculum] of Emperor Otto IV). Doyle Official Baronage of England 3 (1886): 740 (sub York). Thatcher & McNeal Source Book for Mediæval Hist. (1905): 228 (Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" by King John of England in 1202). Hohnstein Geschichte des Herzogtams Braunschweig (1908): 141-149 (biog. of Kaiser Otto IV). Encyclopædia Britannica 20 (1911): 375 (biog. of Otto IV, Roman emperor). Nicholson Love, War & the Grail (2001). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/otto_4_deutscher_koenig_1218_welfen/otto_4_von_ braunschweig_deutscher_koeni8-+_1218.html. b. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF BRUNSWICK, born in 1172. She married (1st) in July 1189 GEOFFREY III, Count of Perche, lord of Toddington, Bedfordshire and Aldbourne and Wanborough, Wiltshire, son of Rotrou III, Count of Perche, by Mathilde, daughter of Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. They had two sons, Geoffrey and Thomas [Count of the Perche]. GEOFFREY III, Count of the Perche, died 5 April 1202. His widow, Maud, married (2nd) before 1203 (as his 1st wife) ENGUERRAND DE COUCY, seigneur of Coucy, and, in right of his wife, Count of the Perche, son and heir of Raoul de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy, by Alix, daughter of Robert I, Count of Dreux. She died in 13 Jan. 1209/10. Placitorum in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservatorum Abbrevatio (1811): 55. Rotuli litterarum patentium in turri Londinensi asservati 1201- 1216 (1834): 18 (Maud, Countess of the Perche, styled "niece" [nepti] by King John of England in 1202). Lepinois & Merlet Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres 2 (1863): 21 (charter of Maud, Countess of Perche, dated June 1202, names her late husband, Geoffrey, and her son, Thomas), 22. Herald & Genealogist 6 (1871): 241- 253 ([Maud], Countess of Perche styled "niece" [neptis] by King John, cites Rot. Normann. p. 87.). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 436-438 (J. de Pertico [Enguerrand de Coucy, Count of the Perche] styled "your kinsman" [consobrinum tuum] in letter from Pope Innocent III to King Philippe Auguste of France in 1203). Money Hist. of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11(1903): 304-305. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 374 (biog. of Geoffrey de Perche). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France: County of the Perche 1000-1226 (2002). Kathleen Thompson "Matilda, countess of the Perche (1171-1210): The expression of authority in name, style and seal" available at www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/crahm/revue/tabularia/thompson.html. iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Cæur-de-Lion or the Iionheart), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice (or Alix) of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother's inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173-4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175-77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry's death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father's orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions, including Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard's marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry's death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BERENGERE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho Vi el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard's journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, whom he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. His second Coronation was solemnised in Winchester Cathedral 17 April 1194. In October 1196 he made peace with Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, renouncing all claims to the county of Toulouse and the subject county of Rouergue; he also returned Quercy and gave the Agenais as part of the dowry for his sister Joan's marriage to Raymond. In 1199, during a minor siege at Chalus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. Following Richard's death, the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire formed part of his widow, Berengere's dower, but she did not enjoy her full tights as indicated by a papal letter to King John in 1209. In 1204 Bérengère ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thoré in Maine. She was co-heiress in 1226 to her cousin, Guillaume, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, Count of Perche. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l'Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l'Epau Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73-80. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1045-1046 (charters of Queen Bérengère of England). Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 12. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 266 (Obit. of Tintem Abbey: "Ricardus Rex Angliæ primus obiit xxvii. die Mardi"; "Berengerus et comitissa soror ejus obiit xxiij. die Decembris."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 313-314. Brequigny Table Chronologique des Diplomes, Charles, Titres et Actes Imprimés concernant l'Histoire de France 4 (1836): 357. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. Ill. the Hist. of Scotland 1(1837): xxviii-xxix (William the lion, King of Scots styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Richard I of England). Archæologia 27 (1838): 109-112. Green Letters of Royal & Ill Ladies (1846): 30-34 (two letters of Bérengère, Queen of England). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Riley Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1853): 120 (Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham, styled "our dearly beloved cousin" by King Richard I). Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21(1855): 604 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): "... Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi"). Migne Innocentii III Romani pontificis opera omnia (Patrologia Ser. Latina 215) (1855): 1538-1539. Arbois de Jubainville Hist. des Ducs et des Comtes de Champagne 5 (1863): 195, 229-230, 238. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Charles 2 (1866): 181-182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled "aunt" [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] "Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de Ella Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus."). Lalore Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Boulancoutt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: "23 Dec. - solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d'Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne"). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 39 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Richard I), 151 (Chronicon Sancti Sergii Andegavensis: death of King Richard I). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147-159. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 447 ([Blanche of Navarre], Countess of Troyes, styled "sister" [sororem] of Queen Bérengère in letter by Pope Innocent III to King John dated 1204). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13-14 (seal of King Richard I - Obverse. King enthroned: closely fitting tunic, loose surcoat with embroidered edges at neck and arms, and cloak. Open crown of three points fleury. In right hand a sword held erect; in left hand an orb topped by a cross fleur-de-lisée. Throne of elaborate pannelled work, of four stages of arcading with intervening head-mouldings, the back splayed away, and footboard enriched with carvings of quatrefoils, and a corbel on seven arches. In the field, on either side of king's head, a crescent enclosing an estoile of seven points wavy. On either side of throne a sprig of the planta genista, or broom. Legend: + RICARDVS DEI GRACIA REX ANGLORVM. Reverse. King on horseback to right. Hauberk and surcoat of mail armour, conical helmet, large broad sword, bowed shield on which a lion rampant contoume. Horse-trappings: head-gear, ornamental saddle and breast-band. Legend: + RICARDVS DVX NORMANNORVM ET AQVITANORVM ET COMES ANDEGAVORVM.). Meyer L'Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338-340, esp. lines 9392-9432 (André de Chauvigny styled "king's kinsman"). Delisle Manuscrits Latins et Français ajoutés aux Fonds des Nouvelles Acquisitions Pendant les Années 1875-1894 2 (1894): 509-510 (Calendrier of Maubuisson Abbey) ("X kal. januarii [23 Dec.]. Obiit Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 556-557 (charter of King Richard I dated 1189-1190); 2 (1897): 179-180. Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 89-90 (William the lion, King of Scotland styled "dearest cousin" by King Richard I of England in 1189), 92-93 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and cousin and liegeman" by King Richard I of England in 1194). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(2) (Recueil des Historiens de la France - Obituaires) (1902): 645 (Abbaye de Port Royal: "x. cal. [23 Dec.]. Ce jour est fait l’anniversaire de Berangarie, royne [1229], et de Blanche, contesse, et non en convent."), 655 (Abbaye de Maubuisson: "[23 Dec.]. x kal. jan. Obiit. Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Lair (Société des Archives Hist. du Maine 6) (1905): 80-81. D.N.B. 16(1909): 1022-1031 (biog. of Richard I: "... He was a stern ruler.., where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault... In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree... He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher... a man of many accomplishments"). Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: "A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale"). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 18-20 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Richard I in 1197). Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174-1328 (1965): 12-14 (William the lion, King of Scotland, styled "kinsman" by King Richard in 1189), 18-19 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and kinsman" [amico et consanguineo] by King Richard in 1194). Paget lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185-198; 23 (1997): 351-365. Bull. Inst. Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157-173. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36-37. Mitchell Berengaria, Enigmatic Queen of England (1986). King & Ridyard Law in Mediæval Life & Thought (Sewanee Mediæal Studies 5) (1990): 21-42. Williamson Kings & Queens of Britain (1991): 55-56,65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 127 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus April [6 April]. Obiit Ricardus Rex Anglie, qui dedit Boscum de Blen cum pertinentiis suis Ecclesie Christi."), 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus Apr. 16 April]. Obiit Richardus rex Angliae."). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37-53; 43 (1999): 79-89. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58,189-200. French Hist. Studies 21 (1998): 517-542. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart's Queen (1999): 23 (Queen Bérengère's "long years of widowhood" reveal "a strong, courageous woman, independent, solitary, battling against difficult political and economic circumstances, with little interest in the trappings of a courtly existence, sustained by her faith in Christ and her royalty to the See of St Peter, not afraid to assert her rights against powerful enemies, both lay and clerical."), 183 (Queen Bérengère styled "kinswoman" by King Louis IX of France). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 97,105. Online resources: www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm. Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, ___: a. PHILIP FITZ ROY (otherwise PHILIP DE COGNAC), in right of his wife, of Cognac, Merpins, and Jarnac. He married AMELIE DE COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Adémar, Count of Angouleme, did homage to him in 1194, and also after his father's death. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father's death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Bull. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de l'Ouest et des Musées de Poitiers 12 (1845): 415. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464-465 ("In the same year [A.D. 11991, Philip, bastard son of Richard, king of England, to whom the said king, his father, had given the castle and the manor of Cuinac, slew the before-named viscount of Limoges, in revenge for his father."). Comptes d'Alphonse de Poitiers (Archives Hist. du Poitou 4) (1875): 21-22 ("... Tempore domini comids Pictavensis Henrici, qui fuit rex Anglie, quittavit pater comitis Audomaris Engolismensis, in aula Pictavensi, Bardon, dominum Coignyaci, de homagio quod petebat ab ipso de Coygnyaco, et eo presente et concedente, fecit homagium dominus Coygnyaci domini comiti Pictavensi, de Cognyaco et pertinentiis; et credo quod adhuc vivunt multi qui hoc viderunt. Filius dicti domini Cognyaci fecit similiter homagium Richardo Pictavensi, de Coygnyaco et pertinentiis; quo domino Cognyaci mortuo, dedit rex Richardus comes Pictavensis dominam Amellyam unicam heredem Coygnyaci, quam habebat in ballo, ratione comitatus Pictavensis, in uxorem cuidam filio suo notho, scilicet Philippo de Coygnyaco; qua defuncta sine liberis, tenuit dictus comes Richardus dictum castrum et eum tradidit Roberto de Torniant, senescallo suo Pictavensis."). Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes 1 (1883): 271. Boissonade Quomodo Comites Engolismenses ega Reges Anglia, et Francia se Gesserint 1152- 1328 (1893). Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330. Furness I. & Death of King John (1919): 6-9. Boissonade L'Ascension, le Déclin et la Chute d'un Grand Etat Féodal du Centre-Ouest: Les Taillefer et les Lusignans (Bull. et Méms. de la Soc. Arch. et Hist. de la Charente) (1935). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 ("Philipp° f[ilio] R. Richardi"). Martin-Civat Les Seigneuties de Cognac, Jarnac et Metpins dons l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XIIe et XIIIe Siècle (Congrès des Socs. Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956). Henderson Richard Coeur de Lion (1959): 242. Shakespeare Quarterly 11 (1960): 137-146. Powicke Loss of Normandy (1961): 32-33. Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274-275. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102. Le Château Royal of Cognac (Mems./Institut d'Hist. et d'Arch. de Cognac et du Cognaçais) 2 (1972): 5. Shakespeare Studies (1976): 59-70. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126-127, 179. Debord La Soc. Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente Xe-XlIe Siècle (1984): 486-488. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 769 (sub Limoges). Evergates Feudal Soc. in Medieval France (1993): 58-59. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58. Bernard et al. Hist. du Poitou et des Pays Charentais (2001): 151. Erickson Royal Panoply: Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (2006): 46. v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 (by dispensation, they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY [see BRITTANY 6], daughter and heiress of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland [see BRITTANY 5 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1162. They had three children (see below). In 1178 he was knighted at Woodstock by his father. In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Notre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH, Earl of Chester [see CHESTER 5.i], Judge in the King's Court, 1193, Constable of Sermilly Castle, 1201-4, Constable of the Tower of Avranches, 1203, Warden of the Peak Castle and Forest, 1215, Steward of the Town and Honour of Lancaster, 1216-23, Constable of Fotheringay Castle, 1221-2, Steward of the Honour of Leicester, 1222, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, son and heir of Hugh, Earl of Chester, hereditary Vicomte of Avranches, by Bertrade, daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux, seigneur of Montfort-l'Amaury [see CHESTER 5 for his ancestry]. They had no issue. In 1196 Ranulph captured Constance en route to her 6n5li7ing negotiations with King Richard I and confined her at Benvron for at least a year. Soon after her release, she sought the annulment of their marriage which was granted in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. She married (3rd) before October 1199 (as his 1st wife) GUY DE THOUARS [see BRITTANY 6], in right of his 1st wife, Count (or Duke) of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars, by his wife, Aumur (or Aumou) [see AQUITAINE 3.ii.a for his ancestry]. They had three daughters, Alix (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond), Marguerite, and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was buried at Villeneuve. In 1202 he joined King Philippe Augustus, and his English lands were confiscated. He served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) EUSTACHE DE MAULEON, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d'Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre de Chemillé, Knt. [seigneur of Chemille, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas de Chemillé, Knt. In October 1203 he was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. In 1206 King Philippe Auguste of France granted him le Broherec, la Cornouaille, and le Pouher. GUY DE THOUARS died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) RENAUD DE MAULEVRIER. She was living in 1244. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67-68. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1333 (abstract of charter of Guy de Thouars dated 1208 naming his mother, Aumuz, and his wife, [Constance] Countess of Brittany). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1(1725): 445-461 (sub Bretagne). Morice Méms. pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 37-38, 822 (dower of Katherine of Brittany, wife of André III de Vitré), 912-913, 917, 919-920 (instances of Pierre de Chemillé styled "uncle" [avunculus] by Jean, Duke of Brittany, in 1238, 1240, 1241), 930-931 (Thomas de Chemillé styled "brother" [fratri] by Pierre de Chemillé). Morice Histoire Ecclésiastique et Civil de Bretagne 1 (1750): xvii-xviii (Counts of Penthievre ped). Banks Dormant & Extinct Baronage of England 1 (1807): 218-220. Hanshall Hut. of the County Palatine of Chester (1823): 21-23. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 325 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated 1230), 574-575 (Jerveaux Abbey - Genealogy of the Counts of Richmond). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 247-249. Extracta e Vanis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 70 ("Henricus, regis Dauid filius, comes Huntyntoune et Northumbrie vxorem duxit Adam filiam Willelmi senioris, sororis Willelmi junioris comitis de Warenna, et sororem comitis Roberti Legecesterensis, et Walranni comitis de Melent, cuius mater fait soror Rodulphi comitis de Perona, regis Francorum Ludouici consanguinea, ex qua suscepit tres inclitos filios Genuit eciam idem princeps Henricus totidem Elias ex uxore sua predicta Ada, scilicet, Adam, que lege conjugii tradita est comiti Holandie Fiorentino: secundam, Margaretam Conano duci Britannie comiti de Richmonth nuptam, ex qua genuit filiam nomine Constanciam Gaufrido, comiti Ancligauie, fratri regis Anglie Richardi Primi, disponsatam, de qua Gaufridus genuit alum nomine Arthurum, postea in mare mersum, vnam eciam filiam, Aleciam nomine, que a Petro Mauclerk concepit et peperit filium, normna Johannem, postea ducem Britannie, et aliam filiani nomine Alienoram, que cum Arthuro fratre in mare periit."). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 365-369 (re. Thouars fam.). Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbaris 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 207. Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Geoffrey). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 35 (1874): 8-9 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5 (seal of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond dated 1185 - Le duc à cheval, vêtu du haubert, coiffé d'un heaume a timbre arrondi; lance au gonfanon. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS DVX BRI Revers: Le duc à cheval, couvert d'un immense bouclier, brandissant son épée. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS COMES RICHEMVNDIE), 5-6 (undated seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond - Dame debout, coiffée en tresses, revêtue d'un sur ___ ajusté du corsage, des hanches et des bras, at recouvert d'une chape, un faucon sur le poing, en fleuron dans la main droite. [Légende:]* CONSTANCIA DVCISS … [COM]ITISSA RICH[EMUN]DIE). Ormerod Hist. of the County Palatine & City of Chester 1 (1882): 33-41. Robertson Materials for the Hist. of Thomas Becket 6 (Rolls Ser. 67) (1882): 170-174. Bull & Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Département d'Ille-et-Vilaine 17 (1885): 370-371, 371-372 (charter dated 1182-85 of Geoffrey son of King Henry, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richmond; charter granted with consent of his wife, Constance), 373 (charter dated 1183-86 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to the church of Rouen), 374- 376 (charter dated 1187 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 376-377 (charter dated 1189 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 377-378 (charter dated 1193 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Melaine of Rennes Abbey), 379-380 (charter dated 1198 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond), 380-381 (charter dated 1199 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Notre Dame près Aurai Priory), 383-384 (charter dated 1199-1201 of Guy de Thouars, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond and his wife, Constance, Duchess of Brittany to Melerai Abbey), 384-387 (foundation charter dated 1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond for Villeneuve Abbey), 387 (charter dated 1187-1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Buzai Abbey), 388-390, 391-392 (charter dated 1205 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the monks of Villeneuve), 394-397 (charter dated 1207 by Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the canons of Nantes), 397-406, 406-407 (charter dated 1212 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany), 408, 409 (charter dated 1201-13 of Guy, Duke of Brittany to the nuns of Saint-Sulpice les Rennes). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 365-366 (sub Chester); 3 (1886): 107-109 (sub Richmond). Annales Cestrienses (Lanc. & Cheshire Rec. Soc. 14) (1887): 40-41 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1188: "Rannulphus comes cestrie Cui etiam dedit Henricus rex anglie in uxorem relictam v Kl. [recte Galfridi filii sui] Cui comitissam britannie filia Alani [recte Conant] Comitis britannie nominee Constancia et toto comittatu de Richemund quam ipse comes Cestrie Rannulphus desponsavit in die Sancte Werburge virginis, id est, tertia nonas Februarii [3 Feb.] apud ..."), 46 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1200: "Rannulphus comes Cestrie desponsavit uxorem filiam Radulphi de Feugis, nomine Clementiam, relicta comitissa Britannie, nomine Constancia."). La Borderie Recueil d’Actes Inédits des Ducs et Princes de Bretagne (XIe, XIIe, XIIIe Siecles) (1888). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 378 (seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond dated 1190-1198 - Pointed oval. To the right. Standing, with tightly-fitting dress, long fur-lined cloak fastened at the throat, in the right hand a lily-flower, on the left hand a hawk with long jesses.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Gaufridus comes."). Rosenzweig Cartulaire général de Morbihan 1 (1895): 190-191 (charter of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, dated between 1182-1183). Inventaire Sommaire des Archives Départementales antérieures a 1790, Loire-Inférieure 2(2) Ser. C & D (1898): 147. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 220 (Livre d'Anniversaires des XIVe-XVe Siedes: "18 August - [Obiit] Gaufridi, comitis Britanie [1186]."). Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 531-532. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 355. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 58-70. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103-106, 371-372 (biog. of Geoffrey Fitz Roy, Count of Brittany). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 441-458. Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 195 (chart). Le Moyen Age 35 (1924-5): 63-70. Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Peds. (1925): 11 (ped. of Earls of Chester). Brunel et al. Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 2 (1943): 542. C.P. 10 (1945): 780 (chart), 794-805 (sub Richmond). Annales de Bretagne 53 (1946), 1-27. Painter Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). BIHR 50 (1977): 112-115. Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 2 (1981): 13 (seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated c.1200 - A shield of arms: a lion passant. Legend: + SIGILLVM [R]A[NVF]I COMMS CESTRIE). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as "a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler"). Hist. Research 63 (1990): 1-16. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 45-47. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany & her Fam. (1999). Everard Brittany & the Angevins (2000). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 347-360. Jones Between France & England (2003): 38-40. Wheeler & Parsons Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 101. Richard Eales, `Ranulf (HI), sixth earl of Chester and first earl of Lincoln (1170-1232)', in Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (2004). Bull & Léglu World of Eleanor of Aquitaine (2005). Guéraud Contribution a "Etude du Processus coutumier au Moyen Age (2008): 250 (charter of Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, dated after 1173 names his mother, Aumou, his wife Sibyl; his brothers, Guy, Hugues, Geoffroi, and Raymond; and his sisters, Marie and Amabil), 251 (chart), 305. Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany: a. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182-4.She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold's death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 October 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wiltshire. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 ("commonly called The Damsel of Britain"). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Green Letters of Royal & Ill. Ladies (1846): 24-27 ("The ac	Fitz Roy (I7170)
6011	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1133. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, at Whitsuntide 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ALIENOR) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine [see FRANCE 6] (divorced 21 March 1152), and daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Aénor, daughter of Amaury (or Aimery) I, Vicomte of Châtellerault [see AQUITAINE 4 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud [Abbess of Barking]. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen's heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the "Angevin empire" (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. In 1158 he confirmed a treaty with King Louis VII of France involving the marriage of Henry's son to the French king's daughter. In the summer of 1159 he launched an unsuccessful expedition against Toulouse, which he claimed as Duke of Aquitaine. His reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connacht, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king's bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Poitiers (Vienne), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried in the church of the Abbey of Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire). Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1st marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France [see FRANCE 6], namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes) [see BLOIS 4] and Alix of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France [see WYDEVILLE 4]. References: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20 (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules at de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France, etc.); 13 (1869): 308 i (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703,708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines); 19 (1880): 336-337. Schwennicke Europæische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquataine: Lord & Lady (2003). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59-72. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1128 (Agnes de Barbezillo styled "aunt" famital of Queen Eleanor [of Aquitaine), wife of King Louis WI of France). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 17 (Kalendar of Obits: "II Non. Julius [6 July]. Obitus Henrici Regis Anglie, filie Matildis."). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1725): 76-77. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7-10, 10-12 (will of King Henry II). L'Art de Vérifier les Dates 2 (1784): 348-365 (sub Comtes de Poitiers, Ducs de Aquitaine). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1786): 190 (Ex Radulfi de Diceto: Ralph de Fay styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1 (1) (1816): 81-82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William [Fitz Roy], 4th Earl of Surrey (or Warenne), styled "kinsman" [cognati] by King Henry II). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1-4 (will of King Henry II of England). Gray Scalacronica (1836): 278 (Ermengarde de Beaumont, wife of William the Lion, King of Scots styled "cousin" [cosyn] of King Henry II of England). Historiæ Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (Surtees Soc. 9) (1839): Appendix, pg. 1, charter no. xixii (Hugh [du Puiset], Bishop of Durham, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 304-378 (biog. of Eleanora of Aquitaine). Pertz Chronica et Annales ævi Salui (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 6) (1844): (Roberti de Monte Cronica [Robert de Torigni]): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled "aunt" [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled "kinsman" [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled "kinsman" on the part of King Henry II's mother, Empress Maud), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "kinsman" [cognate]; Earl Hugh's wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Evreux "kinswoman" [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II's father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinsman" [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [cognate]); 27(1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinswoman" by King Henry II). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851) 18-19. Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 245 (Annals of Waverley sub AD. 1188 - Baldwin [de Revers], Earl of Cornwall, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry II). Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 372 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars styled "your cousin and our's" [votre cousin et au notre] by queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in letter to her son, King John dated 1200-1201; also see Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chattes 32 (1871): 412-413). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 33 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Henry II), 46 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of King Henry II). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled "kinsman" of King Henry II; see Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 83, footnote 1). Grasilier Cartulaires Inédits de la Saintonge 2: Cartulaire de l'Abbaye Royale de Notre-Dame de Saintes (1871): 13-16, 19-21, 35-36, 36 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France dated 1151 names her "sister” [sororis], Aelith), 37, 51 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France, dated 1140 names her "aunt" [amite], Agnes [de Barbezieux], Abbess of Saintes; charter witnessed by Aelith, "sister" [sorore] of Queen Eleanor), 52, 78. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 192 (birth of King Henry II); 2 (1873): 7 (sub A.D. 1168: Mathieu, Count of Boulogne, styled "kinsman" [cognatum] of King Henry II of England). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Set.) (1874): 285 (Ralph de Pale styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Montzey Hist. de is Fliche 1 (1877): 137-146. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 426, 439 (Chron. of Geoffrey Vosiensis: Sarah daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall and wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] of King Henry II of England). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 15 (1878): 767-768 (P[etrus Raimundi], Abbot of Saint Maxent, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in letters dated 1161). Eyton Court, Household & Intinerary of King Henry II (1878): 8 (Henry [de Sully], Abbot of Fécamp, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Stubbs Hist. Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1879): 93 (birth of King Henry II), 140-141 (David I, King of Scots, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] of King Henry II of England). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). Bain Cal. Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15-17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of Queen Eleanor). Hart Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia 1 (1884): 106 (Silvio de Cresto styled "queen's kinsman" [nepoti Regina]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 10-13 (seal of King Henry II - Obverse. King enthroned, holding sword and orb; generally ressembling the obverse of seals of Henry I. and Stephen, but with differences in arches on front of throne, and in the various proportions. Legend: + HENRICVS DEI • G[RATIA] • REX ANGLORUM. Four small points in cross placed as a stop between the words. Reverse. King on a horse to the right; hauberk, continuous coif, and chausses of chain-mail, here represented by rings. Conical helmet with nasal. Shield secured by strap passing round king's neck, and fastened by a ring into inner surface of leather. In right hand a long sword; in left hand the short strap of shield and reins. Horse's head-gear composed of chain-work. Legend: + HENR : DEI : GRA : DVX : NORM: [ ] ET : AQVIT : ET: COM : ANDEG.). Christie Annales Cestrienses (1887): 29-35 (Bertrade of Evreux, wife of Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "cousin" of King Henry II in chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164-1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled "kinswoman" [cognate] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). Gross Gild Merchant 2 (1890): 28-29 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem 1(1894): 108, 125-128, 180-181, 312, 470-471, 480-482, 519, 527, 567-568; 2 (1897): 18-19. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "7 Jul. [Obiit] Henricus secundus, rex Anglorum."). Archives Hist. de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6-7 (charter of Eleanor). Beauchet-Filleau Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des Families du Poitou 2 (1895): 320 ("L'obituaire de Fontevrault place son décès le jour des ides de janvier. Dnus Radulfus princeps de Faia, avunculus Dnæ Alienordis Reginae. (bat. 54802 89.)) (author identifies Ralph de Fay as son of Aimery I, Vicomte of Châtellerault). Wigram Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford 2 (1896): 116 (Empress Maud styled "sister" [soror] and her son, Henry [afterwards King Henry II of England] styled "nephew" [nepos] by Robert Fitz Roy, Earl of Gloucester in charter dated c.1142). Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Andre de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England, and her son, King John, in letter dated 1199). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 69 (grant by King Henry II dated 1186-9). Broussillon Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers 2 (1903): 84 (Raoul [de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "dearest kinsman" [charissimus cognatus] in letter by King Henry II of England). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78-93; 42 (1927): 569-572; 74 (1959): 193-213; 110 (1995): 652-655. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 104-105 (Mary, Abbess of Romsey, styled "kinswoman" [cognata/cognatam] by King Henry II). Jeayes Desc. Cat. Derbyshire Charters (1906): 244 (Maud [of Gloucester], Countess of Chester, styled "kinswoman" [cognata] by King Henry II in charter dated ?1175). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593-596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452-463 (biog. of Henry II: "... his nature was full of passion... [he] was a great builder... Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign... probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day... genius for government"). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie (1909): 352-354 (biog. of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England: "Un des recueils de Gaignières (ms. latin 5419, p. 80) nous a conservé l'image de sceau dont elle continua a se servir pendant son veuvage. C'est un long sceau allongé et pointu sot lequel elle est représentée debout, tenant on oiseau sur la main gauche; il ne subsistait que la dernière partie de la légende: NORMANORVM DUCISSA ET ANDEGAVIE COMITISSA. Il y a aux Auxives nationales, attaché a one charte de l'année 1199, on exemplaire mutile de ce même sceau."). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184-1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 ([Maud de Bohun], wife of Juhel de Mayenne, styled "neptis Regis" [kinswoman of King Henry II]). Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled "king's kinsman" in 1188), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see also Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; Round Cal Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II; see also Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1846): 142; Méms. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de Picardie 47 (1936): 182-184 (Eustache's mother named in charter as Isabel); Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XIe-XIIIe Siècle) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l'Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191-192 (Eustache named in charter as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavene, Count of Saint-Pol)]. Delisle & Berger Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre, Duc de Normandie 3 (1927): 136 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), ([Raoul de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Chartrou-Charbonnel L'Anjou de 1109 à 1151: Foulque de Jérusalem et Geoffroi Plantegenêt (1928). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 253 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Speculum 30 (1955): 374-384. Boussard Le Gouvernement d'Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32-33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153-156. Genealogists' Mag. 14 (1964): 361-368. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154 3 (1968). Charles Evans "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany," in Mélanges Offerts à Szaboles de Vajay à l'Occasion de Son Cinquitième Anniversaire (1971): 187-191 (Margery [de Bohun], wife of Pedro Manrique, Count of Lara, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II). Warren Henry II (1973): 216 (Roger [of Gloucester], Bishop of Worcester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II, cites William FitzStephen, III, 103-106). Kibler Eleanor of Aquitaine, Patron & Politcian (1976). Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14-15. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420-1920) (1977): 188-189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3(4) (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 2 (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II] later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Hanna Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89-90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321-336. Tyerman England & the Crusades 1095-1588 (1988): 48 ([Baldwin IV], King of Jerusalem, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II). Williamson Kings & Oueens of Britain (1991): 52-55 (biog. of Henry II:"... a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined.., well-grounded in law and history... undoubtedly a great king"), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Amt Accession of Henry II in England (1993). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "3 Kal. [Apr.] [30 March]. [Obiit] Alienor regina Anglie."). Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Church Medieval Knighthood V. Papers from the 66 Strawberry Hill Conf. 1994 (1995): 68. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Viator 27 (1996): 53 et seq. Vincent et al. Acta of Henry II & Richard 12 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67-69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled "king's kinsman'). Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England (1999). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Anglo-Norman Studies 23 (2001): 143-154. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Hanna Christchurch Priory Cartulary (Hampshire Rec. Ser. 18) (2007): 124 (Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II in charter dated 1154-71). Harper-Bill Henry II: New Interpretations (2007). Hosier Henry II (2007): 54. Cornwall Rec. Office: Arundell of Lanherne & Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert [Fitz Count], son of [Robert Fitz Roy], Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Online resource: The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm). Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153. He died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about 25 Dec. 1156, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65-66. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 434-435 (undated charter of King Henry II dated at Reading to Hurley Priory, Berkshire made for the health of the souls of his late son, William, and his grandfather, King Henry I). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Matthew of Paris Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum 1 (Rolls Set. 44) (1866): 307 (sub A.D. 1157: "In Adventu autem infirmatus Willelmus, primogenitus regis Henrici, obiit, diebus hujus anni scilicet Nataliciis; under dissentio est, utrum hoc vel anno praeterito obierit. Sepultus est autem apud Radingum."). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of William). Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34 (sub A.D. 1156: "Obiit Guillermus, primogenitus filius Henrici regis Anglorum, et sepultus est Radingis ad pedes Henrici regis, proavi sui."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hirst. (1872). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled "the Young King"), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or is Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. They had one son, William. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173-74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) BELA III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama [see HUNGARY 8], son of Geza II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama, by his wife, Euphrosine, daughter of Mstislav II the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. He was born about 1148. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following the death of her husband, Bela III, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66-67. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam of England (1851): 18-19. Douet-D'Arcq Historiques et Critiques sur les Anciens Comtes de Beaumont-sur-Oise (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie: Docs. Inédits 4) (1855): 50-51 (Henry the Young King of England styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Eleanor de Vermandois, Countess of Beaumont in charter dated 1184). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of Henry), 41-45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Henry). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: "Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo matito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit."). Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): iv (rare charter of Young Henry dated c.1170, in which he uses the style "rex Angliæ et Dux Normanniæ et Comes Andegaviæ, Regis Henrici filius"). Deville Tornbeaux de la Cathédral de Rotten (1881): 161-162,164-165,210-211. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13 (seal of Henry son of King Henry II dated 1170-1182 - King, enthroned, with sceptre and orb; sides of throne terminate in animals' heads, as on the thrones on the French royal seals. Legend: HENRICVS REX ANGLOR DVX NORMANNOR ET COMES ANDEGAVOR.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "11 Jun. [Obiit] Henricus tertius, rex Anglorum."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591-594, 602. Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382-384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240-241. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224-226. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he "used style rex Anglorum... hence called by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III"). Smith English Episc. Acta 2 Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110-111. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 96-97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297-326 ("the sole associate king in English post-conquest history"). Child of Henry of England, by Margaret of France: a. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born about 19 June 1177, died 22 June 1177. Benedict of Peterborough Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 177 ("Eodem anno [1177] circa clausum Pentecosten, Margareta, guæ, at supradictum est, prægnans abiit ad regem Franciæ patrem suum, peperit filium, et vocatum eat nomen ejus Willelmus, sed infra triduum obiit Parisius ubi natus fuit; et quidam dicebant quod abortivus fuit."). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH XII der Löwe (or HENRY the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich X, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, Holy Roman Emperor], and Wilhelm [Count of Luneburg], and two daughters, Maud and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180, and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Braunschweig (or Brunswick). In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. His wife, Maud, died at Braunschweig 28 June 1189. HEINRICH OF BRAUNSCHWEIG, former Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, died 6 August 1195. He and his wife, Maud, were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69-70. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Green Lives of the Princesses of England 1 (1857): 214-262 (biog. of Matilda of England). Pertz Historici Germania sac. XII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 21) (1869): 115-116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sæc. XII. et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled "kinsman" [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Ströhl Deutsch Wappenrolle (1897): 72. Hohnstein Geschichte des Heroztums Braunschweig (1908): 91-140 (biog. of Heinrich der Löwe). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Waltz Ottonis et Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris (Monumenta Germaniæ Histories, Scriptures rerum Germanicarum 46) (1912): 350 (Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris Appendix sub A.D. 1168: "... nam inter imperatorem et regem Angliæ fedus et amicicia fuit, data filia sua in uxorem Heinrico duci Bawariæ et Saxoniæ."). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 284 (ancestry of Maud of England). Jordan Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Löwen Herzogs von Sachsen and Bayern (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Laienfürsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit) (1941): 51-53 (Gebhard I, Count of Burghausen styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich), 107-108 (Otto VI, Count Palatine of Wittelsbach, afterwards Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepos] by Duke Heinrich), 181-182 (Friedrich II, Count Palatine of Saxony, Count of Sommerschenburg styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich). Foreville L'Eglise et le Royaute en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154-1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Appelt Die Urkunden Friedrichs I. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser 10(1)) (1975): 18-19, 231-233, 347-349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [cognate/cognate] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259-260, 332-335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepotem/nepos] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364-365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [consanguine] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Gens Nostra 46 (1991): 540-541. Kegel Die Jüngere Hildesheimer Briefsammlung (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Die Briefe Der Deutschen Kaiserzeit 7) (1995): 101-102 (letter of Heinrich of Braunschweig to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188), 102-103 (Heinrich of Braunschweig styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] in letter from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Jour. Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379-393. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bayern/heinrich_12_derloewe_herzog_von_bayern_1195_welfen/heinrich_12_der loewe_herzog_von_bayern_und_sachsen_+_1195.html. Children of Maud of England, by Duke Heinrich XII der Löwe: a. OTTO OF BRUNSWICK, 3rd son. He was educated at the court of his uncle, King Richard I of England, under whose experience he gained valuable experience in war. He was appointed Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, and Earl of Yorkshire. When Emperor Henry VI died in Sept. 1197, some of the German princes under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, were anxious to find a rival to Philip, Duke of Swabia, who had been elected German king. Otto married (1st) 22 July 1212 BEATRIX OF HOHENSTAUFEN, daughter of Philip, Duke of Swabia. They had no issue. His wife, Beatrix, died 11 August 1212. He married (2nd) at Aachen 19 May 1214 MARIA OF BRABANT, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Lorraine and Brabant, Margrave of Antwerp, by his 1st wife, Machtild (or Mahaud), daughter and co-heiress of Mathieu of Flanders, Count of Boulogne [see BRABANT 5 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. OTTO IV, late Emperor, died at the Harzburg 19 May 1218, and was buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. His widow, Maria, married (2nd) in July 1220 WILHELM (or WILLEM) I, Count of Holland [see HOLLAND 5]. She died between 9 March and 14 June 1260. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 477-478 (Richard I, King of England, styled "uncle" [avunculus] in charter of Otto, Duke of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 28-29, 87-88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" [nepos] by King John of England). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 37-48 (Otto of Saxony [former Emperor Otto IV] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 57-60 (Otto [IV], late Emperor, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1228). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 290 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1218: "Otho imperator Alemanniæ, nepos Ricardi et Johannis regum obiit."). Piot Cartulaire de l'Abbeye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 199-200 (charter of Henri [II], Duke of Lorraine and Brabant dated 1240, names his "dear sister" [charissima soror], Maria, former Empress of the Romans). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 298-299 ("Eodem anno [1195] Willelmus rex Scottorum ægrotavit, in villa sua quæ dicitur Clacmanan et statuit Othonem filium Henrici ducis Saxoniæ, nepotem Ricardi regis sibi successurum in regnum Scottorum, ita quod ipse Otho filiam suam primogenitam in uxorem cum regno duceret. Et quamvis rex plures haberet qui voluntati suæ in hoc consentirent, tamen comes Patricius et alii multi contradixerunt ..."). Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sac. XII et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 385 (F Gervasii Tilleberiensis Otiis Imperialibus: William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, styled "uncle" [avunculum] of Emperor Otto IV). Doyle Official Baronage of England 3 (1886): 740 (sub York). Thatcher & McNeal Source Book for Mediæval Hist. (1905): 228 (Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" by King John of England in 1202). Hohnstein Geschichte des Herzogtams Braunschweig (1908): 141-149 (biog. of Kaiser Otto IV). Encyclopædia Britannica 20 (1911): 375 (biog. of Otto IV, Roman emperor). Nicholson Love, War & the Grail (2001). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/otto_4_deutscher_koenig_1218_welfen/otto_4_von_ braunschweig_deutscher_koeni8-+_1218.html. b. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF BRUNSWICK, born in 1172. She married (1st) in July 1189 GEOFFREY III, Count of Perche, lord of Toddington, Bedfordshire and Aldbourne and Wanborough, Wiltshire, son of Rotrou III, Count of Perche, by Mathilde, daughter of Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. They had two sons, Geoffrey and Thomas [Count of the Perche]. GEOFFREY III, Count of the Perche, died 5 April 1202. His widow, Maud, married (2nd) before 1203 (as his 1st wife) ENGUERRAND DE COUCY, seigneur of Coucy, and, in right of his wife, Count of the Perche, son and heir of Raoul de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy, by Alix, daughter of Robert I, Count of Dreux. She died in 13 Jan. 1209/10. Placitorum in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservatorum Abbrevatio (1811): 55. Rotuli litterarum patentium in turri Londinensi asservati 1201- 1216 (1834): 18 (Maud, Countess of the Perche, styled "niece" [nepti] by King John of England in 1202). Lepinois & Merlet Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres 2 (1863): 21 (charter of Maud, Countess of Perche, dated June 1202, names her late husband, Geoffrey, and her son, Thomas), 22. Herald & Genealogist 6 (1871): 241- 253 ([Maud], Countess of Perche styled "niece" [neptis] by King John, cites Rot. Normann. p. 87.). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 436-438 (J. de Pertico [Enguerrand de Coucy, Count of the Perche] styled "your kinsman" [consobrinum tuum] in letter from Pope Innocent III to King Philippe Auguste of France in 1203). Money Hist. of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11(1903): 304-305. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 374 (biog. of Geoffrey de Perche). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France: County of the Perche 1000-1226 (2002). Kathleen Thompson "Matilda, countess of the Perche (1171-1210): The expression of authority in name, style and seal" available at www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/crahm/revue/tabularia/thompson.html. iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Cæur-de-Lion or the Iionheart), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice (or Alix) of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother's inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173-4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175-77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry's death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father's orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions, including Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard's marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry's death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BERENGERE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho Vi el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard's journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, whom he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. His second Coronation was solemnised in Winchester Cathedral 17 April 1194. In October 1196 he made peace with Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, renouncing all claims to the county of Toulouse and the subject county of Rouergue; he also returned Quercy and gave the Agenais as part of the dowry for his sister Joan's marriage to Raymond. In 1199, during a minor siege at Chalus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. Following Richard's death, the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire formed part of his widow, Berengere's dower, but she did not enjoy her full tights as indicated by a papal letter to King John in 1209. In 1204 Bérengère ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thoré in Maine. She was co-heiress in 1226 to her cousin, Guillaume, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, Count of Perche. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l'Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l'Epau Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73-80. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1045-1046 (charters of Queen Bérengère of England). Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 12. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 266 (Obit. of Tintem Abbey: "Ricardus Rex Angliæ primus obiit xxvii. die Mardi"; "Berengerus et comitissa soror ejus obiit xxiij. die Decembris."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 313-314. Brequigny Table Chronologique des Diplomes, Charles, Titres et Actes Imprimés concernant l'Histoire de France 4 (1836): 357. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. Ill. the Hist. of Scotland 1(1837): xxviii-xxix (William the lion, King of Scots styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Richard I of England). Archæologia 27 (1838): 109-112. Green Letters of Royal & Ill Ladies (1846): 30-34 (two letters of Bérengère, Queen of England). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Riley Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1853): 120 (Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham, styled "our dearly beloved cousin" by King Richard I). Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21(1855): 604 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): "... Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi"). Migne Innocentii III Romani pontificis opera omnia (Patrologia Ser. Latina 215) (1855): 1538-1539. Arbois de Jubainville Hist. des Ducs et des Comtes de Champagne 5 (1863): 195, 229-230, 238. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Charles 2 (1866): 181-182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled "aunt" [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] "Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de Ella Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus."). Lalore Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Boulancoutt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: "23 Dec. - solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d'Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne"). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 39 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Richard I), 151 (Chronicon Sancti Sergii Andegavensis: death of King Richard I). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147-159. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 447 ([Blanche of Navarre], Countess of Troyes, styled "sister" [sororem] of Queen Bérengère in letter by Pope Innocent III to King John dated 1204). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13-14 (seal of King Richard I - Obverse. King enthroned: closely fitting tunic, loose surcoat with embroidered edges at neck and arms, and cloak. Open crown of three points fleury. In right hand a sword held erect; in left hand an orb topped by a cross fleur-de-lisée. Throne of elaborate pannelled work, of four stages of arcading with intervening head-mouldings, the back splayed away, and footboard enriched with carvings of quatrefoils, and a corbel on seven arches. In the field, on either side of king's head, a crescent enclosing an estoile of seven points wavy. On either side of throne a sprig of the planta genista, or broom. Legend: + RICARDVS DEI GRACIA REX ANGLORVM. Reverse. King on horseback to right. Hauberk and surcoat of mail armour, conical helmet, large broad sword, bowed shield on which a lion rampant contoume. Horse-trappings: head-gear, ornamental saddle and breast-band. Legend: + RICARDVS DVX NORMANNORVM ET AQVITANORVM ET COMES ANDEGAVORVM.). Meyer L'Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338-340, esp. lines 9392-9432 (André de Chauvigny styled "king's kinsman"). Delisle Manuscrits Latins et Français ajoutés aux Fonds des Nouvelles Acquisitions Pendant les Années 1875-1894 2 (1894): 509-510 (Calendrier of Maubuisson Abbey) ("X kal. januarii [23 Dec.]. Obiit Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 556-557 (charter of King Richard I dated 1189-1190); 2 (1897): 179-180. Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 89-90 (William the lion, King of Scotland styled "dearest cousin" by King Richard I of England in 1189), 92-93 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and cousin and liegeman" by King Richard I of England in 1194). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(2) (Recueil des Historiens de la France - Obituaires) (1902): 645 (Abbaye de Port Royal: "x. cal. [23 Dec.]. Ce jour est fait l’anniversaire de Berangarie, royne [1229], et de Blanche, contesse, et non en convent."), 655 (Abbaye de Maubuisson: "[23 Dec.]. x kal. jan. Obiit. Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Lair (Société des Archives Hist. du Maine 6) (1905): 80-81. D.N.B. 16(1909): 1022-1031 (biog. of Richard I: "... He was a stern ruler.., where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault... In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree... He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher... a man of many accomplishments"). Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: "A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale"). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 18-20 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Richard I in 1197). Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174-1328 (1965): 12-14 (William the lion, King of Scotland, styled "kinsman" by King Richard in 1189), 18-19 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and kinsman" [amico et consanguineo] by King Richard in 1194). Paget lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185-198; 23 (1997): 351-365. Bull. Inst. Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157-173. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36-37. Mitchell Berengaria, Enigmatic Queen of England (1986). King & Ridyard Law in Mediæval Life & Thought (Sewanee Mediæal Studies 5) (1990): 21-42. Williamson Kings & Queens of Britain (1991): 55-56,65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 127 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus April [6 April]. Obiit Ricardus Rex Anglie, qui dedit Boscum de Blen cum pertinentiis suis Ecclesie Christi."), 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus Apr. 16 April]. Obiit Richardus rex Angliae."). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37-53; 43 (1999): 79-89. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58,189-200. French Hist. Studies 21 (1998): 517-542. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart's Queen (1999): 23 (Queen Bérengère's "long years of widowhood" reveal "a strong, courageous woman, independent, solitary, battling against difficult political and economic circumstances, with little interest in the trappings of a courtly existence, sustained by her faith in Christ and her royalty to the See of St Peter, not afraid to assert her rights against powerful enemies, both lay and clerical."), 183 (Queen Bérengère styled "kinswoman" by King Louis IX of France). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 97,105. Online resources: www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm. Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, ___: a. PHILIP FITZ ROY (otherwise PHILIP DE COGNAC), in right of his wife, of Cognac, Merpins, and Jarnac. He married AMELIE DE COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Adémar, Count of Angouleme, did homage to him in 1194, and also after his father's death. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father's death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Bull. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de l'Ouest et des Musées de Poitiers 12 (1845): 415. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464-465 ("In the same year [A.D. 11991, Philip, bastard son of Richard, king of England, to whom the said king, his father, had given the castle and the manor of Cuinac, slew the before-named viscount of Limoges, in revenge for his father."). Comptes d'Alphonse de Poitiers (Archives Hist. du Poitou 4) (1875): 21-22 ("... Tempore domini comids Pictavensis Henrici, qui fuit rex Anglie, quittavit pater comitis Audomaris Engolismensis, in aula Pictavensi, Bardon, dominum Coignyaci, de homagio quod petebat ab ipso de Coygnyaco, et eo presente et concedente, fecit homagium dominus Coygnyaci domini comiti Pictavensi, de Cognyaco et pertinentiis; et credo quod adhuc vivunt multi qui hoc viderunt. Filius dicti domini Cognyaci fecit similiter homagium Richardo Pictavensi, de Coygnyaco et pertinentiis; quo domino Cognyaci mortuo, dedit rex Richardus comes Pictavensis dominam Amellyam unicam heredem Coygnyaci, quam habebat in ballo, ratione comitatus Pictavensis, in uxorem cuidam filio suo notho, scilicet Philippo de Coygnyaco; qua defuncta sine liberis, tenuit dictus comes Richardus dictum castrum et eum tradidit Roberto de Torniant, senescallo suo Pictavensis."). Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes 1 (1883): 271. Boissonade Quomodo Comites Engolismenses ega Reges Anglia, et Francia se Gesserint 1152- 1328 (1893). Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330. Furness I. & Death of King John (1919): 6-9. Boissonade L'Ascension, le Déclin et la Chute d'un Grand Etat Féodal du Centre-Ouest: Les Taillefer et les Lusignans (Bull. et Méms. de la Soc. Arch. et Hist. de la Charente) (1935). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 ("Philipp° f[ilio] R. Richardi"). Martin-Civat Les Seigneuties de Cognac, Jarnac et Metpins dons l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XIIe et XIIIe Siècle (Congrès des Socs. Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956). Henderson Richard Coeur de Lion (1959): 242. Shakespeare Quarterly 11 (1960): 137-146. Powicke Loss of Normandy (1961): 32-33. Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274-275. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102. Le Château Royal of Cognac (Mems./Institut d'Hist. et d'Arch. de Cognac et du Cognaçais) 2 (1972): 5. Shakespeare Studies (1976): 59-70. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126-127, 179. Debord La Soc. Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente Xe-XlIe Siècle (1984): 486-488. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 769 (sub Limoges). Evergates Feudal Soc. in Medieval France (1993): 58-59. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58. Bernard et al. Hist. du Poitou et des Pays Charentais (2001): 151. Erickson Royal Panoply: Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (2006): 46. v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 (by dispensation, they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY [see BRITTANY 6], daughter and heiress of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland [see BRITTANY 5 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1162. They had three children (see below). In 1178 he was knighted at Woodstock by his father. In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Notre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH, Earl of Chester [see CHESTER 5.i], Judge in the King's Court, 1193, Constable of Sermilly Castle, 1201-4, Constable of the Tower of Avranches, 1203, Warden of the Peak Castle and Forest, 1215, Steward of the Town and Honour of Lancaster, 1216-23, Constable of Fotheringay Castle, 1221-2, Steward of the Honour of Leicester, 1222, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, son and heir of Hugh, Earl of Chester, hereditary Vicomte of Avranches, by Bertrade, daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux, seigneur of Montfort-l'Amaury [see CHESTER 5 for his ancestry]. They had no issue. In 1196 Ranulph captured Constance en route to her 6n5li7ing negotiations with King Richard I and confined her at Benvron for at least a year. Soon after her release, she sought the annulment of their marriage which was granted in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. She married (3rd) before October 1199 (as his 1st wife) GUY DE THOUARS [see BRITTANY 6], in right of his 1st wife, Count (or Duke) of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars, by his wife, Aumur (or Aumou) [see AQUITAINE 3.ii.a for his ancestry]. They had three daughters, Alix (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond), Marguerite, and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was buried at Villeneuve. In 1202 he joined King Philippe Augustus, and his English lands were confiscated. He served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) EUSTACHE DE MAULEON, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d'Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre de Chemillé, Knt. [seigneur of Chemille, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas de Chemillé, Knt. In October 1203 he was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. In 1206 King Philippe Auguste of France granted him le Broherec, la Cornouaille, and le Pouher. GUY DE THOUARS died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) RENAUD DE MAULEVRIER. She was living in 1244. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67-68. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1333 (abstract of charter of Guy de Thouars dated 1208 naming his mother, Aumuz, and his wife, [Constance] Countess of Brittany). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1(1725): 445-461 (sub Bretagne). Morice Méms. pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 37-38, 822 (dower of Katherine of Brittany, wife of André III de Vitré), 912-913, 917, 919-920 (instances of Pierre de Chemillé styled "uncle" [avunculus] by Jean, Duke of Brittany, in 1238, 1240, 1241), 930-931 (Thomas de Chemillé styled "brother" [fratri] by Pierre de Chemillé). Morice Histoire Ecclésiastique et Civil de Bretagne 1 (1750): xvii-xviii (Counts of Penthievre ped). Banks Dormant & Extinct Baronage of England 1 (1807): 218-220. Hanshall Hut. of the County Palatine of Chester (1823): 21-23. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 325 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated 1230), 574-575 (Jerveaux Abbey - Genealogy of the Counts of Richmond). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 247-249. Extracta e Vanis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 70 ("Henricus, regis Dauid filius, comes Huntyntoune et Northumbrie vxorem duxit Adam filiam Willelmi senioris, sororis Willelmi junioris comitis de Warenna, et sororem comitis Roberti Legecesterensis, et Walranni comitis de Melent, cuius mater fait soror Rodulphi comitis de Perona, regis Francorum Ludouici consanguinea, ex qua suscepit tres inclitos filios Genuit eciam idem princeps Henricus totidem Elias ex uxore sua predicta Ada, scilicet, Adam, que lege conjugii tradita est comiti Holandie Fiorentino: secundam, Margaretam Conano duci Britannie comiti de Richmonth nuptam, ex qua genuit filiam nomine Constanciam Gaufrido, comiti Ancligauie, fratri regis Anglie Richardi Primi, disponsatam, de qua Gaufridus genuit alum nomine Arthurum, postea in mare mersum, vnam eciam filiam, Aleciam nomine, que a Petro Mauclerk concepit et peperit filium, normna Johannem, postea ducem Britannie, et aliam filiani nomine Alienoram, que cum Arthuro fratre in mare periit."). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 365-369 (re. Thouars fam.). Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbaris 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 207. Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Geoffrey). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 35 (1874): 8-9 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5 (seal of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond dated 1185 - Le duc à cheval, vêtu du haubert, coiffé d'un heaume a timbre arrondi; lance au gonfanon. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS DVX BRI Revers: Le duc à cheval, couvert d'un immense bouclier, brandissant son épée. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS COMES RICHEMVNDIE), 5-6 (undated seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond - Dame debout, coiffée en tresses, revêtue d'un sur ___ ajusté du corsage, des hanches et des bras, at recouvert d'une chape, un faucon sur le poing, en fleuron dans la main droite. [Légende:]* CONSTANCIA DVCISS … [COM]ITISSA RICH[EMUN]DIE). Ormerod Hist. of the County Palatine & City of Chester 1 (1882): 33-41. Robertson Materials for the Hist. of Thomas Becket 6 (Rolls Ser. 67) (1882): 170-174. Bull & Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Département d'Ille-et-Vilaine 17 (1885): 370-371, 371-372 (charter dated 1182-85 of Geoffrey son of King Henry, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richmond; charter granted with consent of his wife, Constance), 373 (charter dated 1183-86 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to the church of Rouen), 374- 376 (charter dated 1187 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 376-377 (charter dated 1189 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 377-378 (charter dated 1193 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Melaine of Rennes Abbey), 379-380 (charter dated 1198 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond), 380-381 (charter dated 1199 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Notre Dame près Aurai Priory), 383-384 (charter dated 1199-1201 of Guy de Thouars, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond and his wife, Constance, Duchess of Brittany to Melerai Abbey), 384-387 (foundation charter dated 1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond for Villeneuve Abbey), 387 (charter dated 1187-1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Buzai Abbey), 388-390, 391-392 (charter dated 1205 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the monks of Villeneuve), 394-397 (charter dated 1207 by Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the canons of Nantes), 397-406, 406-407 (charter dated 1212 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany), 408, 409 (charter dated 1201-13 of Guy, Duke of Brittany to the nuns of Saint-Sulpice les Rennes). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 365-366 (sub Chester); 3 (1886): 107-109 (sub Richmond). Annales Cestrienses (Lanc. & Cheshire Rec. Soc. 14) (1887): 40-41 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1188: "Rannulphus comes cestrie Cui etiam dedit Henricus rex anglie in uxorem relictam v Kl. [recte Galfridi filii sui] Cui comitissam britannie filia Alani [recte Conant] Comitis britannie nominee Constancia et toto comittatu de Richemund quam ipse comes Cestrie Rannulphus desponsavit in die Sancte Werburge virginis, id est, tertia nonas Februarii [3 Feb.] apud ..."), 46 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1200: "Rannulphus comes Cestrie desponsavit uxorem filiam Radulphi de Feugis, nomine Clementiam, relicta comitissa Britannie, nomine Constancia."). La Borderie Recueil d’Actes Inédits des Ducs et Princes de Bretagne (XIe, XIIe, XIIIe Siecles) (1888). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 378 (seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond dated 1190-1198 - Pointed oval. To the right. Standing, with tightly-fitting dress, long fur-lined cloak fastened at the throat, in the right hand a lily-flower, on the left hand a hawk with long jesses.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Gaufridus comes."). Rosenzweig Cartulaire général de Morbihan 1 (1895): 190-191 (charter of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, dated between 1182-1183). Inventaire Sommaire des Archives Départementales antérieures a 1790, Loire-Inférieure 2(2) Ser. C & D (1898): 147. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 220 (Livre d'Anniversaires des XIVe-XVe Siedes: "18 August - [Obiit] Gaufridi, comitis Britanie [1186]."). Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 531-532. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 355. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 58-70. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103-106, 371-372 (biog. of Geoffrey Fitz Roy, Count of Brittany). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 441-458. Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 195 (chart). Le Moyen Age 35 (1924-5): 63-70. Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Peds. (1925): 11 (ped. of Earls of Chester). Brunel et al. Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 2 (1943): 542. C.P. 10 (1945): 780 (chart), 794-805 (sub Richmond). Annales de Bretagne 53 (1946), 1-27. Painter Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). BIHR 50 (1977): 112-115. Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 2 (1981): 13 (seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated c.1200 - A shield of arms: a lion passant. Legend: + SIGILLVM [R]A[NVF]I COMMS CESTRIE). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as "a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler"). Hist. Research 63 (1990): 1-16. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 45-47. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany & her Fam. (1999). Everard Brittany & the Angevins (2000). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 347-360. Jones Between France & England (2003): 38-40. Wheeler & Parsons Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 101. Richard Eales, `Ranulf (HI), sixth earl of Chester and first earl of Lincoln (1170-1232)', in Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (2004). Bull & Léglu World of Eleanor of Aquitaine (2005). Guéraud Contribution a "Etude du Processus coutumier au Moyen Age (2008): 250 (charter of Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, dated after 1173 names his mother, Aumou, his wife Sibyl; his brothers, Guy, Hugues, Geoffroi, and Raymond; and his sisters, Marie and Amabil), 251 (chart), 305. Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany: a. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182-4.She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold's death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 October 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wiltshire. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 ("commonly called The Damsel of Britain"). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Green Letters of Royal & Ill. Ladies (1846): 24-27 ("The ac	of France, Alice (I7169)
6012	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1133. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, at Whitsuntide 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ALIENOR) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine [see FRANCE 6] (divorced 21 March 1152), and daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Aénor, daughter of Amaury (or Aimery) I, Vicomte of Châtellerault [see AQUITAINE 4 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud [Abbess of Barking]. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen's heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the "Angevin empire" (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. In 1158 he confirmed a treaty with King Louis VII of France involving the marriage of Henry's son to the French king's daughter. In the summer of 1159 he launched an unsuccessful expedition against Toulouse, which he claimed as Duke of Aquitaine. His reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connacht, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king's bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Poitiers (Vienne), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried in the church of the Abbey of Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire). Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1st marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France [see FRANCE 6], namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes) [see BLOIS 4] and Alix of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France [see WYDEVILLE 4]. References: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20 (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules at de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France, etc.); 13 (1869): 308 i (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703,708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines); 19 (1880): 336-337. Schwennicke Europæische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquataine: Lord & Lady (2003). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59-72. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1128 (Agnes de Barbezillo styled "aunt" famital of Queen Eleanor [of Aquitaine), wife of King Louis WI of France). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 17 (Kalendar of Obits: "II Non. Julius [6 July]. Obitus Henrici Regis Anglie, filie Matildis."). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1725): 76-77. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7-10, 10-12 (will of King Henry II). L'Art de Vérifier les Dates 2 (1784): 348-365 (sub Comtes de Poitiers, Ducs de Aquitaine). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1786): 190 (Ex Radulfi de Diceto: Ralph de Fay styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1 (1) (1816): 81-82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William [Fitz Roy], 4th Earl of Surrey (or Warenne), styled "kinsman" [cognati] by King Henry II). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1-4 (will of King Henry II of England). Gray Scalacronica (1836): 278 (Ermengarde de Beaumont, wife of William the Lion, King of Scots styled "cousin" [cosyn] of King Henry II of England). Historiæ Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (Surtees Soc. 9) (1839): Appendix, pg. 1, charter no. xixii (Hugh [du Puiset], Bishop of Durham, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 304-378 (biog. of Eleanora of Aquitaine). Pertz Chronica et Annales ævi Salui (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 6) (1844): (Roberti de Monte Cronica [Robert de Torigni]): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled "aunt" [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled "kinsman" [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled "kinsman" on the part of King Henry II's mother, Empress Maud), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "kinsman" [cognate]; Earl Hugh's wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Evreux "kinswoman" [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II's father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinsman" [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [cognate]); 27(1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinswoman" by King Henry II). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851) 18-19. Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 245 (Annals of Waverley sub AD. 1188 - Baldwin [de Revers], Earl of Cornwall, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry II). Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 372 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars styled "your cousin and our's" [votre cousin et au notre] by queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in letter to her son, King John dated 1200-1201; also see Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chattes 32 (1871): 412-413). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 33 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Henry II), 46 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of King Henry II). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled "kinsman" of King Henry II; see Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 83, footnote 1). Grasilier Cartulaires Inédits de la Saintonge 2: Cartulaire de l'Abbaye Royale de Notre-Dame de Saintes (1871): 13-16, 19-21, 35-36, 36 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France dated 1151 names her "sister” [sororis], Aelith), 37, 51 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France, dated 1140 names her "aunt" [amite], Agnes [de Barbezieux], Abbess of Saintes; charter witnessed by Aelith, "sister" [sorore] of Queen Eleanor), 52, 78. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 192 (birth of King Henry II); 2 (1873): 7 (sub A.D. 1168: Mathieu, Count of Boulogne, styled "kinsman" [cognatum] of King Henry II of England). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Set.) (1874): 285 (Ralph de Pale styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Montzey Hist. de is Fliche 1 (1877): 137-146. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 426, 439 (Chron. of Geoffrey Vosiensis: Sarah daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall and wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] of King Henry II of England). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 15 (1878): 767-768 (P[etrus Raimundi], Abbot of Saint Maxent, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in letters dated 1161). Eyton Court, Household & Intinerary of King Henry II (1878): 8 (Henry [de Sully], Abbot of Fécamp, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Stubbs Hist. Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1879): 93 (birth of King Henry II), 140-141 (David I, King of Scots, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] of King Henry II of England). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). Bain Cal. Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15-17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of Queen Eleanor). Hart Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia 1 (1884): 106 (Silvio de Cresto styled "queen's kinsman" [nepoti Regina]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 10-13 (seal of King Henry II - Obverse. King enthroned, holding sword and orb; generally ressembling the obverse of seals of Henry I. and Stephen, but with differences in arches on front of throne, and in the various proportions. Legend: + HENRICVS DEI • G[RATIA] • REX ANGLORUM. Four small points in cross placed as a stop between the words. Reverse. King on a horse to the right; hauberk, continuous coif, and chausses of chain-mail, here represented by rings. Conical helmet with nasal. Shield secured by strap passing round king's neck, and fastened by a ring into inner surface of leather. In right hand a long sword; in left hand the short strap of shield and reins. Horse's head-gear composed of chain-work. Legend: + HENR : DEI : GRA : DVX : NORM: [ ] ET : AQVIT : ET: COM : ANDEG.). Christie Annales Cestrienses (1887): 29-35 (Bertrade of Evreux, wife of Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "cousin" of King Henry II in chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164-1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled "kinswoman" [cognate] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). Gross Gild Merchant 2 (1890): 28-29 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem 1(1894): 108, 125-128, 180-181, 312, 470-471, 480-482, 519, 527, 567-568; 2 (1897): 18-19. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "7 Jul. [Obiit] Henricus secundus, rex Anglorum."). Archives Hist. de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6-7 (charter of Eleanor). Beauchet-Filleau Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des Families du Poitou 2 (1895): 320 ("L'obituaire de Fontevrault place son décès le jour des ides de janvier. Dnus Radulfus princeps de Faia, avunculus Dnæ Alienordis Reginae. (bat. 54802 89.)) (author identifies Ralph de Fay as son of Aimery I, Vicomte of Châtellerault). Wigram Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford 2 (1896): 116 (Empress Maud styled "sister" [soror] and her son, Henry [afterwards King Henry II of England] styled "nephew" [nepos] by Robert Fitz Roy, Earl of Gloucester in charter dated c.1142). Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Andre de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England, and her son, King John, in letter dated 1199). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 69 (grant by King Henry II dated 1186-9). Broussillon Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers 2 (1903): 84 (Raoul [de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "dearest kinsman" [charissimus cognatus] in letter by King Henry II of England). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78-93; 42 (1927): 569-572; 74 (1959): 193-213; 110 (1995): 652-655. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 104-105 (Mary, Abbess of Romsey, styled "kinswoman" [cognata/cognatam] by King Henry II). Jeayes Desc. Cat. Derbyshire Charters (1906): 244 (Maud [of Gloucester], Countess of Chester, styled "kinswoman" [cognata] by King Henry II in charter dated ?1175). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593-596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452-463 (biog. of Henry II: "... his nature was full of passion... [he] was a great builder... Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign... probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day... genius for government"). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie (1909): 352-354 (biog. of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England: "Un des recueils de Gaignières (ms. latin 5419, p. 80) nous a conservé l'image de sceau dont elle continua a se servir pendant son veuvage. C'est un long sceau allongé et pointu sot lequel elle est représentée debout, tenant on oiseau sur la main gauche; il ne subsistait que la dernière partie de la légende: NORMANORVM DUCISSA ET ANDEGAVIE COMITISSA. Il y a aux Auxives nationales, attaché a one charte de l'année 1199, on exemplaire mutile de ce même sceau."). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184-1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 ([Maud de Bohun], wife of Juhel de Mayenne, styled "neptis Regis" [kinswoman of King Henry II]). Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled "king's kinsman" in 1188), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see also Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; Round Cal Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II; see also Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1846): 142; Méms. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de Picardie 47 (1936): 182-184 (Eustache's mother named in charter as Isabel); Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XIe-XIIIe Siècle) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l'Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191-192 (Eustache named in charter as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavene, Count of Saint-Pol)]. Delisle & Berger Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre, Duc de Normandie 3 (1927): 136 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), ([Raoul de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Chartrou-Charbonnel L'Anjou de 1109 à 1151: Foulque de Jérusalem et Geoffroi Plantegenêt (1928). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 253 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Speculum 30 (1955): 374-384. Boussard Le Gouvernement d'Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32-33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153-156. Genealogists' Mag. 14 (1964): 361-368. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154 3 (1968). Charles Evans "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany," in Mélanges Offerts à Szaboles de Vajay à l'Occasion de Son Cinquitième Anniversaire (1971): 187-191 (Margery [de Bohun], wife of Pedro Manrique, Count of Lara, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II). Warren Henry II (1973): 216 (Roger [of Gloucester], Bishop of Worcester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II, cites William FitzStephen, III, 103-106). Kibler Eleanor of Aquitaine, Patron & Politcian (1976). Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14-15. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420-1920) (1977): 188-189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3(4) (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 2 (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II] later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Hanna Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89-90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321-336. Tyerman England & the Crusades 1095-1588 (1988): 48 ([Baldwin IV], King of Jerusalem, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II). Williamson Kings & Oueens of Britain (1991): 52-55 (biog. of Henry II:"... a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined.., well-grounded in law and history... undoubtedly a great king"), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Amt Accession of Henry II in England (1993). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "3 Kal. [Apr.] [30 March]. [Obiit] Alienor regina Anglie."). Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Church Medieval Knighthood V. Papers from the 66 Strawberry Hill Conf. 1994 (1995): 68. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Viator 27 (1996): 53 et seq. Vincent et al. Acta of Henry II & Richard 12 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67-69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled "king's kinsman'). Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England (1999). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Anglo-Norman Studies 23 (2001): 143-154. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Hanna Christchurch Priory Cartulary (Hampshire Rec. Ser. 18) (2007): 124 (Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II in charter dated 1154-71). Harper-Bill Henry II: New Interpretations (2007). Hosier Henry II (2007): 54. Cornwall Rec. Office: Arundell of Lanherne & Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert [Fitz Count], son of [Robert Fitz Roy], Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Online resource: The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm). Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153. He died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about 25 Dec. 1156, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65-66. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 434-435 (undated charter of King Henry II dated at Reading to Hurley Priory, Berkshire made for the health of the souls of his late son, William, and his grandfather, King Henry I). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Matthew of Paris Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum 1 (Rolls Set. 44) (1866): 307 (sub A.D. 1157: "In Adventu autem infirmatus Willelmus, primogenitus regis Henrici, obiit, diebus hujus anni scilicet Nataliciis; under dissentio est, utrum hoc vel anno praeterito obierit. Sepultus est autem apud Radingum."). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of William). Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34 (sub A.D. 1156: "Obiit Guillermus, primogenitus filius Henrici regis Anglorum, et sepultus est Radingis ad pedes Henrici regis, proavi sui."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hirst. (1872). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled "the Young King"), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or is Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. They had one son, William. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173-74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) BELA III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama [see HUNGARY 8], son of Geza II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama, by his wife, Euphrosine, daughter of Mstislav II the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. He was born about 1148. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following the death of her husband, Bela III, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66-67. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam of England (1851): 18-19. Douet-D'Arcq Historiques et Critiques sur les Anciens Comtes de Beaumont-sur-Oise (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie: Docs. Inédits 4) (1855): 50-51 (Henry the Young King of England styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Eleanor de Vermandois, Countess of Beaumont in charter dated 1184). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of Henry), 41-45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Henry). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: "Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo matito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit."). Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): iv (rare charter of Young Henry dated c.1170, in which he uses the style "rex Angliæ et Dux Normanniæ et Comes Andegaviæ, Regis Henrici filius"). Deville Tornbeaux de la Cathédral de Rotten (1881): 161-162,164-165,210-211. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13 (seal of Henry son of King Henry II dated 1170-1182 - King, enthroned, with sceptre and orb; sides of throne terminate in animals' heads, as on the thrones on the French royal seals. Legend: HENRICVS REX ANGLOR DVX NORMANNOR ET COMES ANDEGAVOR.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "11 Jun. [Obiit] Henricus tertius, rex Anglorum."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591-594, 602. Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382-384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240-241. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224-226. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he "used style rex Anglorum... hence called by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III"). Smith English Episc. Acta 2 Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110-111. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 96-97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297-326 ("the sole associate king in English post-conquest history"). Child of Henry of England, by Margaret of France: a. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born about 19 June 1177, died 22 June 1177. Benedict of Peterborough Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 177 ("Eodem anno [1177] circa clausum Pentecosten, Margareta, guæ, at supradictum est, prægnans abiit ad regem Franciæ patrem suum, peperit filium, et vocatum eat nomen ejus Willelmus, sed infra triduum obiit Parisius ubi natus fuit; et quidam dicebant quod abortivus fuit."). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH XII der Löwe (or HENRY the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich X, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, Holy Roman Emperor], and Wilhelm [Count of Luneburg], and two daughters, Maud and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180, and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Braunschweig (or Brunswick). In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. His wife, Maud, died at Braunschweig 28 June 1189. HEINRICH OF BRAUNSCHWEIG, former Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, died 6 August 1195. He and his wife, Maud, were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69-70. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Green Lives of the Princesses of England 1 (1857): 214-262 (biog. of Matilda of England). Pertz Historici Germania sac. XII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 21) (1869): 115-116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sæc. XII. et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled "kinsman" [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Ströhl Deutsch Wappenrolle (1897): 72. Hohnstein Geschichte des Heroztums Braunschweig (1908): 91-140 (biog. of Heinrich der Löwe). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Waltz Ottonis et Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris (Monumenta Germaniæ Histories, Scriptures rerum Germanicarum 46) (1912): 350 (Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris Appendix sub A.D. 1168: "... nam inter imperatorem et regem Angliæ fedus et amicicia fuit, data filia sua in uxorem Heinrico duci Bawariæ et Saxoniæ."). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 284 (ancestry of Maud of England). Jordan Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Löwen Herzogs von Sachsen and Bayern (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Laienfürsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit) (1941): 51-53 (Gebhard I, Count of Burghausen styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich), 107-108 (Otto VI, Count Palatine of Wittelsbach, afterwards Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepos] by Duke Heinrich), 181-182 (Friedrich II, Count Palatine of Saxony, Count of Sommerschenburg styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich). Foreville L'Eglise et le Royaute en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154-1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Appelt Die Urkunden Friedrichs I. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser 10(1)) (1975): 18-19, 231-233, 347-349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [cognate/cognate] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259-260, 332-335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepotem/nepos] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364-365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [consanguine] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Gens Nostra 46 (1991): 540-541. Kegel Die Jüngere Hildesheimer Briefsammlung (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Die Briefe Der Deutschen Kaiserzeit 7) (1995): 101-102 (letter of Heinrich of Braunschweig to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188), 102-103 (Heinrich of Braunschweig styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] in letter from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Jour. Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379-393. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bayern/heinrich_12_derloewe_herzog_von_bayern_1195_welfen/heinrich_12_der loewe_herzog_von_bayern_und_sachsen_+_1195.html. Children of Maud of England, by Duke Heinrich XII der Löwe: a. OTTO OF BRUNSWICK, 3rd son. He was educated at the court of his uncle, King Richard I of England, under whose experience he gained valuable experience in war. He was appointed Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, and Earl of Yorkshire. When Emperor Henry VI died in Sept. 1197, some of the German princes under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, were anxious to find a rival to Philip, Duke of Swabia, who had been elected German king. Otto married (1st) 22 July 1212 BEATRIX OF HOHENSTAUFEN, daughter of Philip, Duke of Swabia. They had no issue. His wife, Beatrix, died 11 August 1212. He married (2nd) at Aachen 19 May 1214 MARIA OF BRABANT, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Lorraine and Brabant, Margrave of Antwerp, by his 1st wife, Machtild (or Mahaud), daughter and co-heiress of Mathieu of Flanders, Count of Boulogne [see BRABANT 5 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. OTTO IV, late Emperor, died at the Harzburg 19 May 1218, and was buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. His widow, Maria, married (2nd) in July 1220 WILHELM (or WILLEM) I, Count of Holland [see HOLLAND 5]. She died between 9 March and 14 June 1260. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 477-478 (Richard I, King of England, styled "uncle" [avunculus] in charter of Otto, Duke of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 28-29, 87-88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" [nepos] by King John of England). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 37-48 (Otto of Saxony [former Emperor Otto IV] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 57-60 (Otto [IV], late Emperor, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1228). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 290 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1218: "Otho imperator Alemanniæ, nepos Ricardi et Johannis regum obiit."). Piot Cartulaire de l'Abbeye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 199-200 (charter of Henri [II], Duke of Lorraine and Brabant dated 1240, names his "dear sister" [charissima soror], Maria, former Empress of the Romans). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 298-299 ("Eodem anno [1195] Willelmus rex Scottorum ægrotavit, in villa sua quæ dicitur Clacmanan et statuit Othonem filium Henrici ducis Saxoniæ, nepotem Ricardi regis sibi successurum in regnum Scottorum, ita quod ipse Otho filiam suam primogenitam in uxorem cum regno duceret. Et quamvis rex plures haberet qui voluntati suæ in hoc consentirent, tamen comes Patricius et alii multi contradixerunt ..."). Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sac. XII et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 385 (F Gervasii Tilleberiensis Otiis Imperialibus: William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, styled "uncle" [avunculum] of Emperor Otto IV). Doyle Official Baronage of England 3 (1886): 740 (sub York). Thatcher & McNeal Source Book for Mediæval Hist. (1905): 228 (Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" by King John of England in 1202). Hohnstein Geschichte des Herzogtams Braunschweig (1908): 141-149 (biog. of Kaiser Otto IV). Encyclopædia Britannica 20 (1911): 375 (biog. of Otto IV, Roman emperor). Nicholson Love, War & the Grail (2001). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/otto_4_deutscher_koenig_1218_welfen/otto_4_von_ braunschweig_deutscher_koeni8-+_1218.html. b. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF BRUNSWICK, born in 1172. She married (1st) in July 1189 GEOFFREY III, Count of Perche, lord of Toddington, Bedfordshire and Aldbourne and Wanborough, Wiltshire, son of Rotrou III, Count of Perche, by Mathilde, daughter of Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. They had two sons, Geoffrey and Thomas [Count of the Perche]. GEOFFREY III, Count of the Perche, died 5 April 1202. His widow, Maud, married (2nd) before 1203 (as his 1st wife) ENGUERRAND DE COUCY, seigneur of Coucy, and, in right of his wife, Count of the Perche, son and heir of Raoul de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy, by Alix, daughter of Robert I, Count of Dreux. She died in 13 Jan. 1209/10. Placitorum in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservatorum Abbrevatio (1811): 55. Rotuli litterarum patentium in turri Londinensi asservati 1201- 1216 (1834): 18 (Maud, Countess of the Perche, styled "niece" [nepti] by King John of England in 1202). Lepinois & Merlet Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres 2 (1863): 21 (charter of Maud, Countess of Perche, dated June 1202, names her late husband, Geoffrey, and her son, Thomas), 22. Herald & Genealogist 6 (1871): 241- 253 ([Maud], Countess of Perche styled "niece" [neptis] by King John, cites Rot. Normann. p. 87.). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 436-438 (J. de Pertico [Enguerrand de Coucy, Count of the Perche] styled "your kinsman" [consobrinum tuum] in letter from Pope Innocent III to King Philippe Auguste of France in 1203). Money Hist. of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11(1903): 304-305. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 374 (biog. of Geoffrey de Perche). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France: County of the Perche 1000-1226 (2002). Kathleen Thompson "Matilda, countess of the Perche (1171-1210): The expression of authority in name, style and seal" available at www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/crahm/revue/tabularia/thompson.html. iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Cæur-de-Lion or the Iionheart), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice (or Alix) of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother's inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173-4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175-77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry's death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father's orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions, including Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard's marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry's death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BERENGERE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho Vi el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard's journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, whom he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. His second Coronation was solemnised in Winchester Cathedral 17 April 1194. In October 1196 he made peace with Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, renouncing all claims to the county of Toulouse and the subject county of Rouergue; he also returned Quercy and gave the Agenais as part of the dowry for his sister Joan's marriage to Raymond. In 1199, during a minor siege at Chalus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. Following Richard's death, the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire formed part of his widow, Berengere's dower, but she did not enjoy her full tights as indicated by a papal letter to King John in 1209. In 1204 Bérengère ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thoré in Maine. She was co-heiress in 1226 to her cousin, Guillaume, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, Count of Perche. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l'Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l'Epau Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73-80. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1045-1046 (charters of Queen Bérengère of England). Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 12. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 266 (Obit. of Tintem Abbey: "Ricardus Rex Angliæ primus obiit xxvii. die Mardi"; "Berengerus et comitissa soror ejus obiit xxiij. die Decembris."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 313-314. Brequigny Table Chronologique des Diplomes, Charles, Titres et Actes Imprimés concernant l'Histoire de France 4 (1836): 357. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. Ill. the Hist. of Scotland 1(1837): xxviii-xxix (William the lion, King of Scots styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Richard I of England). Archæologia 27 (1838): 109-112. Green Letters of Royal & Ill Ladies (1846): 30-34 (two letters of Bérengère, Queen of England). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Riley Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1853): 120 (Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham, styled "our dearly beloved cousin" by King Richard I). Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21(1855): 604 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): "... Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi"). Migne Innocentii III Romani pontificis opera omnia (Patrologia Ser. Latina 215) (1855): 1538-1539. Arbois de Jubainville Hist. des Ducs et des Comtes de Champagne 5 (1863): 195, 229-230, 238. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Charles 2 (1866): 181-182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled "aunt" [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] "Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de Ella Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus."). Lalore Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Boulancoutt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: "23 Dec. - solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d'Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne"). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 39 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Richard I), 151 (Chronicon Sancti Sergii Andegavensis: death of King Richard I). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147-159. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 447 ([Blanche of Navarre], Countess of Troyes, styled "sister" [sororem] of Queen Bérengère in letter by Pope Innocent III to King John dated 1204). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13-14 (seal of King Richard I - Obverse. King enthroned: closely fitting tunic, loose surcoat with embroidered edges at neck and arms, and cloak. Open crown of three points fleury. In right hand a sword held erect; in left hand an orb topped by a cross fleur-de-lisée. Throne of elaborate pannelled work, of four stages of arcading with intervening head-mouldings, the back splayed away, and footboard enriched with carvings of quatrefoils, and a corbel on seven arches. In the field, on either side of king's head, a crescent enclosing an estoile of seven points wavy. On either side of throne a sprig of the planta genista, or broom. Legend: + RICARDVS DEI GRACIA REX ANGLORVM. Reverse. King on horseback to right. Hauberk and surcoat of mail armour, conical helmet, large broad sword, bowed shield on which a lion rampant contoume. Horse-trappings: head-gear, ornamental saddle and breast-band. Legend: + RICARDVS DVX NORMANNORVM ET AQVITANORVM ET COMES ANDEGAVORVM.). Meyer L'Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338-340, esp. lines 9392-9432 (André de Chauvigny styled "king's kinsman"). Delisle Manuscrits Latins et Français ajoutés aux Fonds des Nouvelles Acquisitions Pendant les Années 1875-1894 2 (1894): 509-510 (Calendrier of Maubuisson Abbey) ("X kal. januarii [23 Dec.]. Obiit Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 556-557 (charter of King Richard I dated 1189-1190); 2 (1897): 179-180. Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 89-90 (William the lion, King of Scotland styled "dearest cousin" by King Richard I of England in 1189), 92-93 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and cousin and liegeman" by King Richard I of England in 1194). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(2) (Recueil des Historiens de la France - Obituaires) (1902): 645 (Abbaye de Port Royal: "x. cal. [23 Dec.]. Ce jour est fait l’anniversaire de Berangarie, royne [1229], et de Blanche, contesse, et non en convent."), 655 (Abbaye de Maubuisson: "[23 Dec.]. x kal. jan. Obiit. Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Lair (Société des Archives Hist. du Maine 6) (1905): 80-81. D.N.B. 16(1909): 1022-1031 (biog. of Richard I: "... He was a stern ruler.., where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault... In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree... He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher... a man of many accomplishments"). Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: "A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale"). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 18-20 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Richard I in 1197). Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174-1328 (1965): 12-14 (William the lion, King of Scotland, styled "kinsman" by King Richard in 1189), 18-19 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and kinsman" [amico et consanguineo] by King Richard in 1194). Paget lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185-198; 23 (1997): 351-365. Bull. Inst. Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157-173. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36-37. Mitchell Berengaria, Enigmatic Queen of England (1986). King & Ridyard Law in Mediæval Life & Thought (Sewanee Mediæal Studies 5) (1990): 21-42. Williamson Kings & Queens of Britain (1991): 55-56,65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 127 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus April [6 April]. Obiit Ricardus Rex Anglie, qui dedit Boscum de Blen cum pertinentiis suis Ecclesie Christi."), 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus Apr. 16 April]. Obiit Richardus rex Angliae."). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37-53; 43 (1999): 79-89. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58,189-200. French Hist. Studies 21 (1998): 517-542. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart's Queen (1999): 23 (Queen Bérengère's "long years of widowhood" reveal "a strong, courageous woman, independent, solitary, battling against difficult political and economic circumstances, with little interest in the trappings of a courtly existence, sustained by her faith in Christ and her royalty to the See of St Peter, not afraid to assert her rights against powerful enemies, both lay and clerical."), 183 (Queen Bérengère styled "kinswoman" by King Louis IX of France). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 97,105. Online resources: www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm. Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, ___: a. PHILIP FITZ ROY (otherwise PHILIP DE COGNAC), in right of his wife, of Cognac, Merpins, and Jarnac. He married AMELIE DE COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Adémar, Count of Angouleme, did homage to him in 1194, and also after his father's death. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father's death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Bull. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de l'Ouest et des Musées de Poitiers 12 (1845): 415. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464-465 ("In the same year [A.D. 11991, Philip, bastard son of Richard, king of England, to whom the said king, his father, had given the castle and the manor of Cuinac, slew the before-named viscount of Limoges, in revenge for his father."). Comptes d'Alphonse de Poitiers (Archives Hist. du Poitou 4) (1875): 21-22 ("... Tempore domini comids Pictavensis Henrici, qui fuit rex Anglie, quittavit pater comitis Audomaris Engolismensis, in aula Pictavensi, Bardon, dominum Coignyaci, de homagio quod petebat ab ipso de Coygnyaco, et eo presente et concedente, fecit homagium dominus Coygnyaci domini comiti Pictavensi, de Cognyaco et pertinentiis; et credo quod adhuc vivunt multi qui hoc viderunt. Filius dicti domini Cognyaci fecit similiter homagium Richardo Pictavensi, de Coygnyaco et pertinentiis; quo domino Cognyaci mortuo, dedit rex Richardus comes Pictavensis dominam Amellyam unicam heredem Coygnyaci, quam habebat in ballo, ratione comitatus Pictavensis, in uxorem cuidam filio suo notho, scilicet Philippo de Coygnyaco; qua defuncta sine liberis, tenuit dictus comes Richardus dictum castrum et eum tradidit Roberto de Torniant, senescallo suo Pictavensis."). Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes 1 (1883): 271. Boissonade Quomodo Comites Engolismenses ega Reges Anglia, et Francia se Gesserint 1152- 1328 (1893). Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330. Furness I. & Death of King John (1919): 6-9. Boissonade L'Ascension, le Déclin et la Chute d'un Grand Etat Féodal du Centre-Ouest: Les Taillefer et les Lusignans (Bull. et Méms. de la Soc. Arch. et Hist. de la Charente) (1935). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 ("Philipp° f[ilio] R. Richardi"). Martin-Civat Les Seigneuties de Cognac, Jarnac et Metpins dons l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XIIe et XIIIe Siècle (Congrès des Socs. Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956). Henderson Richard Coeur de Lion (1959): 242. Shakespeare Quarterly 11 (1960): 137-146. Powicke Loss of Normandy (1961): 32-33. Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274-275. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102. Le Château Royal of Cognac (Mems./Institut d'Hist. et d'Arch. de Cognac et du Cognaçais) 2 (1972): 5. Shakespeare Studies (1976): 59-70. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126-127, 179. Debord La Soc. Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente Xe-XlIe Siècle (1984): 486-488. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 769 (sub Limoges). Evergates Feudal Soc. in Medieval France (1993): 58-59. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58. Bernard et al. Hist. du Poitou et des Pays Charentais (2001): 151. Erickson Royal Panoply: Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (2006): 46. v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 (by dispensation, they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY [see BRITTANY 6], daughter and heiress of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland [see BRITTANY 5 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1162. They had three children (see below). In 1178 he was knighted at Woodstock by his father. In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Notre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH, Earl of Chester [see CHESTER 5.i], Judge in the King's Court, 1193, Constable of Sermilly Castle, 1201-4, Constable of the Tower of Avranches, 1203, Warden of the Peak Castle and Forest, 1215, Steward of the Town and Honour of Lancaster, 1216-23, Constable of Fotheringay Castle, 1221-2, Steward of the Honour of Leicester, 1222, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, son and heir of Hugh, Earl of Chester, hereditary Vicomte of Avranches, by Bertrade, daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux, seigneur of Montfort-l'Amaury [see CHESTER 5 for his ancestry]. They had no issue. In 1196 Ranulph captured Constance en route to her 6n5li7ing negotiations with King Richard I and confined her at Benvron for at least a year. Soon after her release, she sought the annulment of their marriage which was granted in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. She married (3rd) before October 1199 (as his 1st wife) GUY DE THOUARS [see BRITTANY 6], in right of his 1st wife, Count (or Duke) of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars, by his wife, Aumur (or Aumou) [see AQUITAINE 3.ii.a for his ancestry]. They had three daughters, Alix (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond), Marguerite, and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was buried at Villeneuve. In 1202 he joined King Philippe Augustus, and his English lands were confiscated. He served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) EUSTACHE DE MAULEON, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d'Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre de Chemillé, Knt. [seigneur of Chemille, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas de Chemillé, Knt. In October 1203 he was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. In 1206 King Philippe Auguste of France granted him le Broherec, la Cornouaille, and le Pouher. GUY DE THOUARS died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) RENAUD DE MAULEVRIER. She was living in 1244. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67-68. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1333 (abstract of charter of Guy de Thouars dated 1208 naming his mother, Aumuz, and his wife, [Constance] Countess of Brittany). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1(1725): 445-461 (sub Bretagne). Morice Méms. pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 37-38, 822 (dower of Katherine of Brittany, wife of André III de Vitré), 912-913, 917, 919-920 (instances of Pierre de Chemillé styled "uncle" [avunculus] by Jean, Duke of Brittany, in 1238, 1240, 1241), 930-931 (Thomas de Chemillé styled "brother" [fratri] by Pierre de Chemillé). Morice Histoire Ecclésiastique et Civil de Bretagne 1 (1750): xvii-xviii (Counts of Penthievre ped). Banks Dormant & Extinct Baronage of England 1 (1807): 218-220. Hanshall Hut. of the County Palatine of Chester (1823): 21-23. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 325 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated 1230), 574-575 (Jerveaux Abbey - Genealogy of the Counts of Richmond). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 247-249. Extracta e Vanis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 70 ("Henricus, regis Dauid filius, comes Huntyntoune et Northumbrie vxorem duxit Adam filiam Willelmi senioris, sororis Willelmi junioris comitis de Warenna, et sororem comitis Roberti Legecesterensis, et Walranni comitis de Melent, cuius mater fait soror Rodulphi comitis de Perona, regis Francorum Ludouici consanguinea, ex qua suscepit tres inclitos filios Genuit eciam idem princeps Henricus totidem Elias ex uxore sua predicta Ada, scilicet, Adam, que lege conjugii tradita est comiti Holandie Fiorentino: secundam, Margaretam Conano duci Britannie comiti de Richmonth nuptam, ex qua genuit filiam nomine Constanciam Gaufrido, comiti Ancligauie, fratri regis Anglie Richardi Primi, disponsatam, de qua Gaufridus genuit alum nomine Arthurum, postea in mare mersum, vnam eciam filiam, Aleciam nomine, que a Petro Mauclerk concepit et peperit filium, normna Johannem, postea ducem Britannie, et aliam filiani nomine Alienoram, que cum Arthuro fratre in mare periit."). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 365-369 (re. Thouars fam.). Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbaris 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 207. Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Geoffrey). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 35 (1874): 8-9 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5 (seal of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond dated 1185 - Le duc à cheval, vêtu du haubert, coiffé d'un heaume a timbre arrondi; lance au gonfanon. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS DVX BRI Revers: Le duc à cheval, couvert d'un immense bouclier, brandissant son épée. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS COMES RICHEMVNDIE), 5-6 (undated seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond - Dame debout, coiffée en tresses, revêtue d'un sur ___ ajusté du corsage, des hanches et des bras, at recouvert d'une chape, un faucon sur le poing, en fleuron dans la main droite. [Légende:]* CONSTANCIA DVCISS … [COM]ITISSA RICH[EMUN]DIE). Ormerod Hist. of the County Palatine & City of Chester 1 (1882): 33-41. Robertson Materials for the Hist. of Thomas Becket 6 (Rolls Ser. 67) (1882): 170-174. Bull & Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Département d'Ille-et-Vilaine 17 (1885): 370-371, 371-372 (charter dated 1182-85 of Geoffrey son of King Henry, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richmond; charter granted with consent of his wife, Constance), 373 (charter dated 1183-86 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to the church of Rouen), 374- 376 (charter dated 1187 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 376-377 (charter dated 1189 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 377-378 (charter dated 1193 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Melaine of Rennes Abbey), 379-380 (charter dated 1198 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond), 380-381 (charter dated 1199 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Notre Dame près Aurai Priory), 383-384 (charter dated 1199-1201 of Guy de Thouars, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond and his wife, Constance, Duchess of Brittany to Melerai Abbey), 384-387 (foundation charter dated 1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond for Villeneuve Abbey), 387 (charter dated 1187-1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Buzai Abbey), 388-390, 391-392 (charter dated 1205 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the monks of Villeneuve), 394-397 (charter dated 1207 by Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the canons of Nantes), 397-406, 406-407 (charter dated 1212 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany), 408, 409 (charter dated 1201-13 of Guy, Duke of Brittany to the nuns of Saint-Sulpice les Rennes). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 365-366 (sub Chester); 3 (1886): 107-109 (sub Richmond). Annales Cestrienses (Lanc. & Cheshire Rec. Soc. 14) (1887): 40-41 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1188: "Rannulphus comes cestrie Cui etiam dedit Henricus rex anglie in uxorem relictam v Kl. [recte Galfridi filii sui] Cui comitissam britannie filia Alani [recte Conant] Comitis britannie nominee Constancia et toto comittatu de Richemund quam ipse comes Cestrie Rannulphus desponsavit in die Sancte Werburge virginis, id est, tertia nonas Februarii [3 Feb.] apud ..."), 46 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1200: "Rannulphus comes Cestrie desponsavit uxorem filiam Radulphi de Feugis, nomine Clementiam, relicta comitissa Britannie, nomine Constancia."). La Borderie Recueil d’Actes Inédits des Ducs et Princes de Bretagne (XIe, XIIe, XIIIe Siecles) (1888). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 378 (seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond dated 1190-1198 - Pointed oval. To the right. Standing, with tightly-fitting dress, long fur-lined cloak fastened at the throat, in the right hand a lily-flower, on the left hand a hawk with long jesses.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Gaufridus comes."). Rosenzweig Cartulaire général de Morbihan 1 (1895): 190-191 (charter of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, dated between 1182-1183). Inventaire Sommaire des Archives Départementales antérieures a 1790, Loire-Inférieure 2(2) Ser. C & D (1898): 147. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 220 (Livre d'Anniversaires des XIVe-XVe Siedes: "18 August - [Obiit] Gaufridi, comitis Britanie [1186]."). Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 531-532. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 355. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 58-70. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103-106, 371-372 (biog. of Geoffrey Fitz Roy, Count of Brittany). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 441-458. Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 195 (chart). Le Moyen Age 35 (1924-5): 63-70. Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Peds. (1925): 11 (ped. of Earls of Chester). Brunel et al. Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 2 (1943): 542. C.P. 10 (1945): 780 (chart), 794-805 (sub Richmond). Annales de Bretagne 53 (1946), 1-27. Painter Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). BIHR 50 (1977): 112-115. Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 2 (1981): 13 (seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated c.1200 - A shield of arms: a lion passant. Legend: + SIGILLVM [R]A[NVF]I COMMS CESTRIE). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as "a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler"). Hist. Research 63 (1990): 1-16. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 45-47. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany & her Fam. (1999). Everard Brittany & the Angevins (2000). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 347-360. Jones Between France & England (2003): 38-40. Wheeler & Parsons Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 101. Richard Eales, `Ranulf (HI), sixth earl of Chester and first earl of Lincoln (1170-1232)', in Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (2004). Bull & Léglu World of Eleanor of Aquitaine (2005). Guéraud Contribution a "Etude du Processus coutumier au Moyen Age (2008): 250 (charter of Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, dated after 1173 names his mother, Aumou, his wife Sibyl; his brothers, Guy, Hugues, Geoffroi, and Raymond; and his sisters, Marie and Amabil), 251 (chart), 305. Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany: a. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182-4.She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold's death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 October 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wiltshire. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 ("commonly called The Damsel of Britain"). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Green Letters of Royal & Ill. Ladies (1846): 24-27 ("The ac	Fitz Roy, Maud (I7168)
6013	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1133. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, at Whitsuntide 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ALIENOR) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine [see FRANCE 6] (divorced 21 March 1152), and daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Aénor, daughter of Amaury (or Aimery) I, Vicomte of Châtellerault [see AQUITAINE 4 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud [Abbess of Barking]. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen's heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the "Angevin empire" (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. In 1158 he confirmed a treaty with King Louis VII of France involving the marriage of Henry's son to the French king's daughter. In the summer of 1159 he launched an unsuccessful expedition against Toulouse, which he claimed as Duke of Aquitaine. His reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connacht, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king's bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Poitiers (Vienne), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried in the church of the Abbey of Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire). Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1st marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France [see FRANCE 6], namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes) [see BLOIS 4] and Alix of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France [see WYDEVILLE 4]. References: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20 (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules at de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France, etc.); 13 (1869): 308 i (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703,708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines); 19 (1880): 336-337. Schwennicke Europæische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquataine: Lord & Lady (2003). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59-72. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1128 (Agnes de Barbezillo styled "aunt" famital of Queen Eleanor [of Aquitaine), wife of King Louis WI of France). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 17 (Kalendar of Obits: "II Non. Julius [6 July]. Obitus Henrici Regis Anglie, filie Matildis."). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1725): 76-77. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7-10, 10-12 (will of King Henry II). L'Art de Vérifier les Dates 2 (1784): 348-365 (sub Comtes de Poitiers, Ducs de Aquitaine). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1786): 190 (Ex Radulfi de Diceto: Ralph de Fay styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1 (1) (1816): 81-82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William [Fitz Roy], 4th Earl of Surrey (or Warenne), styled "kinsman" [cognati] by King Henry II). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1-4 (will of King Henry II of England). Gray Scalacronica (1836): 278 (Ermengarde de Beaumont, wife of William the Lion, King of Scots styled "cousin" [cosyn] of King Henry II of England). Historiæ Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (Surtees Soc. 9) (1839): Appendix, pg. 1, charter no. xixii (Hugh [du Puiset], Bishop of Durham, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 304-378 (biog. of Eleanora of Aquitaine). Pertz Chronica et Annales ævi Salui (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 6) (1844): (Roberti de Monte Cronica [Robert de Torigni]): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled "aunt" [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled "kinsman" [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled "kinsman" on the part of King Henry II's mother, Empress Maud), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "kinsman" [cognate]; Earl Hugh's wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Evreux "kinswoman" [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II's father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinsman" [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [cognate]); 27(1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinswoman" by King Henry II). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851) 18-19. Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 245 (Annals of Waverley sub AD. 1188 - Baldwin [de Revers], Earl of Cornwall, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry II). Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 372 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars styled "your cousin and our's" [votre cousin et au notre] by queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in letter to her son, King John dated 1200-1201; also see Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chattes 32 (1871): 412-413). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 33 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Henry II), 46 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of King Henry II). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled "kinsman" of King Henry II; see Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 83, footnote 1). Grasilier Cartulaires Inédits de la Saintonge 2: Cartulaire de l'Abbaye Royale de Notre-Dame de Saintes (1871): 13-16, 19-21, 35-36, 36 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France dated 1151 names her "sister” [sororis], Aelith), 37, 51 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France, dated 1140 names her "aunt" [amite], Agnes [de Barbezieux], Abbess of Saintes; charter witnessed by Aelith, "sister" [sorore] of Queen Eleanor), 52, 78. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 192 (birth of King Henry II); 2 (1873): 7 (sub A.D. 1168: Mathieu, Count of Boulogne, styled "kinsman" [cognatum] of King Henry II of England). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Set.) (1874): 285 (Ralph de Pale styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Montzey Hist. de is Fliche 1 (1877): 137-146. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 426, 439 (Chron. of Geoffrey Vosiensis: Sarah daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall and wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] of King Henry II of England). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 15 (1878): 767-768 (P[etrus Raimundi], Abbot of Saint Maxent, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in letters dated 1161). Eyton Court, Household & Intinerary of King Henry II (1878): 8 (Henry [de Sully], Abbot of Fécamp, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Stubbs Hist. Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1879): 93 (birth of King Henry II), 140-141 (David I, King of Scots, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] of King Henry II of England). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). Bain Cal. Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15-17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of Queen Eleanor). Hart Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia 1 (1884): 106 (Silvio de Cresto styled "queen's kinsman" [nepoti Regina]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 10-13 (seal of King Henry II - Obverse. King enthroned, holding sword and orb; generally ressembling the obverse of seals of Henry I. and Stephen, but with differences in arches on front of throne, and in the various proportions. Legend: + HENRICVS DEI • G[RATIA] • REX ANGLORUM. Four small points in cross placed as a stop between the words. Reverse. King on a horse to the right; hauberk, continuous coif, and chausses of chain-mail, here represented by rings. Conical helmet with nasal. Shield secured by strap passing round king's neck, and fastened by a ring into inner surface of leather. In right hand a long sword; in left hand the short strap of shield and reins. Horse's head-gear composed of chain-work. Legend: + HENR : DEI : GRA : DVX : NORM: [ ] ET : AQVIT : ET: COM : ANDEG.). Christie Annales Cestrienses (1887): 29-35 (Bertrade of Evreux, wife of Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "cousin" of King Henry II in chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164-1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled "kinswoman" [cognate] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). Gross Gild Merchant 2 (1890): 28-29 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem 1(1894): 108, 125-128, 180-181, 312, 470-471, 480-482, 519, 527, 567-568; 2 (1897): 18-19. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "7 Jul. [Obiit] Henricus secundus, rex Anglorum."). Archives Hist. de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6-7 (charter of Eleanor). Beauchet-Filleau Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des Families du Poitou 2 (1895): 320 ("L'obituaire de Fontevrault place son décès le jour des ides de janvier. Dnus Radulfus princeps de Faia, avunculus Dnæ Alienordis Reginae. (bat. 54802 89.)) (author identifies Ralph de Fay as son of Aimery I, Vicomte of Châtellerault). Wigram Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford 2 (1896): 116 (Empress Maud styled "sister" [soror] and her son, Henry [afterwards King Henry II of England] styled "nephew" [nepos] by Robert Fitz Roy, Earl of Gloucester in charter dated c.1142). Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Andre de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England, and her son, King John, in letter dated 1199). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 69 (grant by King Henry II dated 1186-9). Broussillon Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers 2 (1903): 84 (Raoul [de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "dearest kinsman" [charissimus cognatus] in letter by King Henry II of England). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78-93; 42 (1927): 569-572; 74 (1959): 193-213; 110 (1995): 652-655. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 104-105 (Mary, Abbess of Romsey, styled "kinswoman" [cognata/cognatam] by King Henry II). Jeayes Desc. Cat. Derbyshire Charters (1906): 244 (Maud [of Gloucester], Countess of Chester, styled "kinswoman" [cognata] by King Henry II in charter dated ?1175). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593-596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452-463 (biog. of Henry II: "... his nature was full of passion... [he] was a great builder... Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign... probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day... genius for government"). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie (1909): 352-354 (biog. of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England: "Un des recueils de Gaignières (ms. latin 5419, p. 80) nous a conservé l'image de sceau dont elle continua a se servir pendant son veuvage. C'est un long sceau allongé et pointu sot lequel elle est représentée debout, tenant on oiseau sur la main gauche; il ne subsistait que la dernière partie de la légende: NORMANORVM DUCISSA ET ANDEGAVIE COMITISSA. Il y a aux Auxives nationales, attaché a one charte de l'année 1199, on exemplaire mutile de ce même sceau."). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184-1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 ([Maud de Bohun], wife of Juhel de Mayenne, styled "neptis Regis" [kinswoman of King Henry II]). Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled "king's kinsman" in 1188), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see also Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; Round Cal Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II; see also Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1846): 142; Méms. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de Picardie 47 (1936): 182-184 (Eustache's mother named in charter as Isabel); Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XIe-XIIIe Siècle) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l'Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191-192 (Eustache named in charter as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavene, Count of Saint-Pol)]. Delisle & Berger Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre, Duc de Normandie 3 (1927): 136 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), ([Raoul de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Chartrou-Charbonnel L'Anjou de 1109 à 1151: Foulque de Jérusalem et Geoffroi Plantegenêt (1928). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 253 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Speculum 30 (1955): 374-384. Boussard Le Gouvernement d'Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32-33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153-156. Genealogists' Mag. 14 (1964): 361-368. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154 3 (1968). Charles Evans "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany," in Mélanges Offerts à Szaboles de Vajay à l'Occasion de Son Cinquitième Anniversaire (1971): 187-191 (Margery [de Bohun], wife of Pedro Manrique, Count of Lara, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II). Warren Henry II (1973): 216 (Roger [of Gloucester], Bishop of Worcester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II, cites William FitzStephen, III, 103-106). Kibler Eleanor of Aquitaine, Patron & Politcian (1976). Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14-15. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420-1920) (1977): 188-189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3(4) (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 2 (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II] later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Hanna Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89-90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321-336. Tyerman England & the Crusades 1095-1588 (1988): 48 ([Baldwin IV], King of Jerusalem, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II). Williamson Kings & Oueens of Britain (1991): 52-55 (biog. of Henry II:"... a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined.., well-grounded in law and history... undoubtedly a great king"), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Amt Accession of Henry II in England (1993). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "3 Kal. [Apr.] [30 March]. [Obiit] Alienor regina Anglie."). Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Church Medieval Knighthood V. Papers from the 66 Strawberry Hill Conf. 1994 (1995): 68. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Viator 27 (1996): 53 et seq. Vincent et al. Acta of Henry II & Richard 12 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67-69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled "king's kinsman'). Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England (1999). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Anglo-Norman Studies 23 (2001): 143-154. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Hanna Christchurch Priory Cartulary (Hampshire Rec. Ser. 18) (2007): 124 (Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II in charter dated 1154-71). Harper-Bill Henry II: New Interpretations (2007). Hosier Henry II (2007): 54. Cornwall Rec. Office: Arundell of Lanherne & Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert [Fitz Count], son of [Robert Fitz Roy], Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Online resource: The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm). Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153. He died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about 25 Dec. 1156, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65-66. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 434-435 (undated charter of King Henry II dated at Reading to Hurley Priory, Berkshire made for the health of the souls of his late son, William, and his grandfather, King Henry I). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Matthew of Paris Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum 1 (Rolls Set. 44) (1866): 307 (sub A.D. 1157: "In Adventu autem infirmatus Willelmus, primogenitus regis Henrici, obiit, diebus hujus anni scilicet Nataliciis; under dissentio est, utrum hoc vel anno praeterito obierit. Sepultus est autem apud Radingum."). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of William). Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34 (sub A.D. 1156: "Obiit Guillermus, primogenitus filius Henrici regis Anglorum, et sepultus est Radingis ad pedes Henrici regis, proavi sui."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hirst. (1872). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled "the Young King"), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or is Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. They had one son, William. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173-74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) BELA III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama [see HUNGARY 8], son of Geza II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama, by his wife, Euphrosine, daughter of Mstislav II the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. He was born about 1148. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following the death of her husband, Bela III, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66-67. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam of England (1851): 18-19. Douet-D'Arcq Historiques et Critiques sur les Anciens Comtes de Beaumont-sur-Oise (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie: Docs. Inédits 4) (1855): 50-51 (Henry the Young King of England styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Eleanor de Vermandois, Countess of Beaumont in charter dated 1184). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of Henry), 41-45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Henry). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: "Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo matito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit."). Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): iv (rare charter of Young Henry dated c.1170, in which he uses the style "rex Angliæ et Dux Normanniæ et Comes Andegaviæ, Regis Henrici filius"). Deville Tornbeaux de la Cathédral de Rotten (1881): 161-162,164-165,210-211. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13 (seal of Henry son of King Henry II dated 1170-1182 - King, enthroned, with sceptre and orb; sides of throne terminate in animals' heads, as on the thrones on the French royal seals. Legend: HENRICVS REX ANGLOR DVX NORMANNOR ET COMES ANDEGAVOR.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "11 Jun. [Obiit] Henricus tertius, rex Anglorum."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591-594, 602. Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382-384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240-241. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224-226. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he "used style rex Anglorum... hence called by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III"). Smith English Episc. Acta 2 Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110-111. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 96-97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297-326 ("the sole associate king in English post-conquest history"). Child of Henry of England, by Margaret of France: a. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born about 19 June 1177, died 22 June 1177. Benedict of Peterborough Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 177 ("Eodem anno [1177] circa clausum Pentecosten, Margareta, guæ, at supradictum est, prægnans abiit ad regem Franciæ patrem suum, peperit filium, et vocatum eat nomen ejus Willelmus, sed infra triduum obiit Parisius ubi natus fuit; et quidam dicebant quod abortivus fuit."). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH XII der Löwe (or HENRY the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich X, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, Holy Roman Emperor], and Wilhelm [Count of Luneburg], and two daughters, Maud and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180, and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Braunschweig (or Brunswick). In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. His wife, Maud, died at Braunschweig 28 June 1189. HEINRICH OF BRAUNSCHWEIG, former Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, died 6 August 1195. He and his wife, Maud, were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69-70. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Green Lives of the Princesses of England 1 (1857): 214-262 (biog. of Matilda of England). Pertz Historici Germania sac. XII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 21) (1869): 115-116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sæc. XII. et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled "kinsman" [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Ströhl Deutsch Wappenrolle (1897): 72. Hohnstein Geschichte des Heroztums Braunschweig (1908): 91-140 (biog. of Heinrich der Löwe). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Waltz Ottonis et Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris (Monumenta Germaniæ Histories, Scriptures rerum Germanicarum 46) (1912): 350 (Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris Appendix sub A.D. 1168: "... nam inter imperatorem et regem Angliæ fedus et amicicia fuit, data filia sua in uxorem Heinrico duci Bawariæ et Saxoniæ."). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 284 (ancestry of Maud of England). Jordan Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Löwen Herzogs von Sachsen and Bayern (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Laienfürsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit) (1941): 51-53 (Gebhard I, Count of Burghausen styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich), 107-108 (Otto VI, Count Palatine of Wittelsbach, afterwards Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepos] by Duke Heinrich), 181-182 (Friedrich II, Count Palatine of Saxony, Count of Sommerschenburg styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich). Foreville L'Eglise et le Royaute en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154-1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Appelt Die Urkunden Friedrichs I. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser 10(1)) (1975): 18-19, 231-233, 347-349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [cognate/cognate] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259-260, 332-335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepotem/nepos] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364-365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [consanguine] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Gens Nostra 46 (1991): 540-541. Kegel Die Jüngere Hildesheimer Briefsammlung (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Die Briefe Der Deutschen Kaiserzeit 7) (1995): 101-102 (letter of Heinrich of Braunschweig to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188), 102-103 (Heinrich of Braunschweig styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] in letter from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Jour. Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379-393. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bayern/heinrich_12_derloewe_herzog_von_bayern_1195_welfen/heinrich_12_der loewe_herzog_von_bayern_und_sachsen_+_1195.html. Children of Maud of England, by Duke Heinrich XII der Löwe: a. OTTO OF BRUNSWICK, 3rd son. He was educated at the court of his uncle, King Richard I of England, under whose experience he gained valuable experience in war. He was appointed Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, and Earl of Yorkshire. When Emperor Henry VI died in Sept. 1197, some of the German princes under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, were anxious to find a rival to Philip, Duke of Swabia, who had been elected German king. Otto married (1st) 22 July 1212 BEATRIX OF HOHENSTAUFEN, daughter of Philip, Duke of Swabia. They had no issue. His wife, Beatrix, died 11 August 1212. He married (2nd) at Aachen 19 May 1214 MARIA OF BRABANT, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Lorraine and Brabant, Margrave of Antwerp, by his 1st wife, Machtild (or Mahaud), daughter and co-heiress of Mathieu of Flanders, Count of Boulogne [see BRABANT 5 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. OTTO IV, late Emperor, died at the Harzburg 19 May 1218, and was buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. His widow, Maria, married (2nd) in July 1220 WILHELM (or WILLEM) I, Count of Holland [see HOLLAND 5]. She died between 9 March and 14 June 1260. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 477-478 (Richard I, King of England, styled "uncle" [avunculus] in charter of Otto, Duke of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 28-29, 87-88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" [nepos] by King John of England). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 37-48 (Otto of Saxony [former Emperor Otto IV] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 57-60 (Otto [IV], late Emperor, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1228). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 290 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1218: "Otho imperator Alemanniæ, nepos Ricardi et Johannis regum obiit."). Piot Cartulaire de l'Abbeye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 199-200 (charter of Henri [II], Duke of Lorraine and Brabant dated 1240, names his "dear sister" [charissima soror], Maria, former Empress of the Romans). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 298-299 ("Eodem anno [1195] Willelmus rex Scottorum ægrotavit, in villa sua quæ dicitur Clacmanan et statuit Othonem filium Henrici ducis Saxoniæ, nepotem Ricardi regis sibi successurum in regnum Scottorum, ita quod ipse Otho filiam suam primogenitam in uxorem cum regno duceret. Et quamvis rex plures haberet qui voluntati suæ in hoc consentirent, tamen comes Patricius et alii multi contradixerunt ..."). Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sac. XII et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 385 (F Gervasii Tilleberiensis Otiis Imperialibus: William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, styled "uncle" [avunculum] of Emperor Otto IV). Doyle Official Baronage of England 3 (1886): 740 (sub York). Thatcher & McNeal Source Book for Mediæval Hist. (1905): 228 (Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" by King John of England in 1202). Hohnstein Geschichte des Herzogtams Braunschweig (1908): 141-149 (biog. of Kaiser Otto IV). Encyclopædia Britannica 20 (1911): 375 (biog. of Otto IV, Roman emperor). Nicholson Love, War & the Grail (2001). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/otto_4_deutscher_koenig_1218_welfen/otto_4_von_ braunschweig_deutscher_koeni8-+_1218.html. b. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF BRUNSWICK, born in 1172. She married (1st) in July 1189 GEOFFREY III, Count of Perche, lord of Toddington, Bedfordshire and Aldbourne and Wanborough, Wiltshire, son of Rotrou III, Count of Perche, by Mathilde, daughter of Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. They had two sons, Geoffrey and Thomas [Count of the Perche]. GEOFFREY III, Count of the Perche, died 5 April 1202. His widow, Maud, married (2nd) before 1203 (as his 1st wife) ENGUERRAND DE COUCY, seigneur of Coucy, and, in right of his wife, Count of the Perche, son and heir of Raoul de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy, by Alix, daughter of Robert I, Count of Dreux. She died in 13 Jan. 1209/10. Placitorum in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservatorum Abbrevatio (1811): 55. Rotuli litterarum patentium in turri Londinensi asservati 1201- 1216 (1834): 18 (Maud, Countess of the Perche, styled "niece" [nepti] by King John of England in 1202). Lepinois & Merlet Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres 2 (1863): 21 (charter of Maud, Countess of Perche, dated June 1202, names her late husband, Geoffrey, and her son, Thomas), 22. Herald & Genealogist 6 (1871): 241- 253 ([Maud], Countess of Perche styled "niece" [neptis] by King John, cites Rot. Normann. p. 87.). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 436-438 (J. de Pertico [Enguerrand de Coucy, Count of the Perche] styled "your kinsman" [consobrinum tuum] in letter from Pope Innocent III to King Philippe Auguste of France in 1203). Money Hist. of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11(1903): 304-305. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 374 (biog. of Geoffrey de Perche). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France: County of the Perche 1000-1226 (2002). Kathleen Thompson "Matilda, countess of the Perche (1171-1210): The expression of authority in name, style and seal" available at www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/crahm/revue/tabularia/thompson.html. iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Cæur-de-Lion or the Iionheart), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice (or Alix) of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother's inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173-4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175-77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry's death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father's orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions, including Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard's marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry's death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BERENGERE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho Vi el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard's journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, whom he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. His second Coronation was solemnised in Winchester Cathedral 17 April 1194. In October 1196 he made peace with Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, renouncing all claims to the county of Toulouse and the subject county of Rouergue; he also returned Quercy and gave the Agenais as part of the dowry for his sister Joan's marriage to Raymond. In 1199, during a minor siege at Chalus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. Following Richard's death, the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire formed part of his widow, Berengere's dower, but she did not enjoy her full tights as indicated by a papal letter to King John in 1209. In 1204 Bérengère ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thoré in Maine. She was co-heiress in 1226 to her cousin, Guillaume, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, Count of Perche. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l'Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l'Epau Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73-80. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1045-1046 (charters of Queen Bérengère of England). Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 12. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 266 (Obit. of Tintem Abbey: "Ricardus Rex Angliæ primus obiit xxvii. die Mardi"; "Berengerus et comitissa soror ejus obiit xxiij. die Decembris."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 313-314. Brequigny Table Chronologique des Diplomes, Charles, Titres et Actes Imprimés concernant l'Histoire de France 4 (1836): 357. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. Ill. the Hist. of Scotland 1(1837): xxviii-xxix (William the lion, King of Scots styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Richard I of England). Archæologia 27 (1838): 109-112. Green Letters of Royal & Ill Ladies (1846): 30-34 (two letters of Bérengère, Queen of England). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Riley Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1853): 120 (Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham, styled "our dearly beloved cousin" by King Richard I). Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21(1855): 604 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): "... Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi"). Migne Innocentii III Romani pontificis opera omnia (Patrologia Ser. Latina 215) (1855): 1538-1539. Arbois de Jubainville Hist. des Ducs et des Comtes de Champagne 5 (1863): 195, 229-230, 238. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Charles 2 (1866): 181-182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled "aunt" [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] "Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de Ella Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus."). Lalore Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Boulancoutt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: "23 Dec. - solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d'Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne"). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 39 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Richard I), 151 (Chronicon Sancti Sergii Andegavensis: death of King Richard I). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147-159. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 447 ([Blanche of Navarre], Countess of Troyes, styled "sister" [sororem] of Queen Bérengère in letter by Pope Innocent III to King John dated 1204). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13-14 (seal of King Richard I - Obverse. King enthroned: closely fitting tunic, loose surcoat with embroidered edges at neck and arms, and cloak. Open crown of three points fleury. In right hand a sword held erect; in left hand an orb topped by a cross fleur-de-lisée. Throne of elaborate pannelled work, of four stages of arcading with intervening head-mouldings, the back splayed away, and footboard enriched with carvings of quatrefoils, and a corbel on seven arches. In the field, on either side of king's head, a crescent enclosing an estoile of seven points wavy. On either side of throne a sprig of the planta genista, or broom. Legend: + RICARDVS DEI GRACIA REX ANGLORVM. Reverse. King on horseback to right. Hauberk and surcoat of mail armour, conical helmet, large broad sword, bowed shield on which a lion rampant contoume. Horse-trappings: head-gear, ornamental saddle and breast-band. Legend: + RICARDVS DVX NORMANNORVM ET AQVITANORVM ET COMES ANDEGAVORVM.). Meyer L'Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338-340, esp. lines 9392-9432 (André de Chauvigny styled "king's kinsman"). Delisle Manuscrits Latins et Français ajoutés aux Fonds des Nouvelles Acquisitions Pendant les Années 1875-1894 2 (1894): 509-510 (Calendrier of Maubuisson Abbey) ("X kal. januarii [23 Dec.]. Obiit Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 556-557 (charter of King Richard I dated 1189-1190); 2 (1897): 179-180. Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 89-90 (William the lion, King of Scotland styled "dearest cousin" by King Richard I of England in 1189), 92-93 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and cousin and liegeman" by King Richard I of England in 1194). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(2) (Recueil des Historiens de la France - Obituaires) (1902): 645 (Abbaye de Port Royal: "x. cal. [23 Dec.]. Ce jour est fait l’anniversaire de Berangarie, royne [1229], et de Blanche, contesse, et non en convent."), 655 (Abbaye de Maubuisson: "[23 Dec.]. x kal. jan. Obiit. Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Lair (Société des Archives Hist. du Maine 6) (1905): 80-81. D.N.B. 16(1909): 1022-1031 (biog. of Richard I: "... He was a stern ruler.., where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault... In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree... He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher... a man of many accomplishments"). Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: "A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale"). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 18-20 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Richard I in 1197). Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174-1328 (1965): 12-14 (William the lion, King of Scotland, styled "kinsman" by King Richard in 1189), 18-19 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and kinsman" [amico et consanguineo] by King Richard in 1194). Paget lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185-198; 23 (1997): 351-365. Bull. Inst. Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157-173. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36-37. Mitchell Berengaria, Enigmatic Queen of England (1986). King & Ridyard Law in Mediæval Life & Thought (Sewanee Mediæal Studies 5) (1990): 21-42. Williamson Kings & Queens of Britain (1991): 55-56,65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 127 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus April [6 April]. Obiit Ricardus Rex Anglie, qui dedit Boscum de Blen cum pertinentiis suis Ecclesie Christi."), 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus Apr. 16 April]. Obiit Richardus rex Angliae."). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37-53; 43 (1999): 79-89. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58,189-200. French Hist. Studies 21 (1998): 517-542. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart's Queen (1999): 23 (Queen Bérengère's "long years of widowhood" reveal "a strong, courageous woman, independent, solitary, battling against difficult political and economic circumstances, with little interest in the trappings of a courtly existence, sustained by her faith in Christ and her royalty to the See of St Peter, not afraid to assert her rights against powerful enemies, both lay and clerical."), 183 (Queen Bérengère styled "kinswoman" by King Louis IX of France). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 97,105. Online resources: www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm. Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, ___: a. PHILIP FITZ ROY (otherwise PHILIP DE COGNAC), in right of his wife, of Cognac, Merpins, and Jarnac. He married AMELIE DE COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Adémar, Count of Angouleme, did homage to him in 1194, and also after his father's death. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father's death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Bull. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de l'Ouest et des Musées de Poitiers 12 (1845): 415. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464-465 ("In the same year [A.D. 11991, Philip, bastard son of Richard, king of England, to whom the said king, his father, had given the castle and the manor of Cuinac, slew the before-named viscount of Limoges, in revenge for his father."). Comptes d'Alphonse de Poitiers (Archives Hist. du Poitou 4) (1875): 21-22 ("... Tempore domini comids Pictavensis Henrici, qui fuit rex Anglie, quittavit pater comitis Audomaris Engolismensis, in aula Pictavensi, Bardon, dominum Coignyaci, de homagio quod petebat ab ipso de Coygnyaco, et eo presente et concedente, fecit homagium dominus Coygnyaci domini comiti Pictavensi, de Cognyaco et pertinentiis; et credo quod adhuc vivunt multi qui hoc viderunt. Filius dicti domini Cognyaci fecit similiter homagium Richardo Pictavensi, de Coygnyaco et pertinentiis; quo domino Cognyaci mortuo, dedit rex Richardus comes Pictavensis dominam Amellyam unicam heredem Coygnyaci, quam habebat in ballo, ratione comitatus Pictavensis, in uxorem cuidam filio suo notho, scilicet Philippo de Coygnyaco; qua defuncta sine liberis, tenuit dictus comes Richardus dictum castrum et eum tradidit Roberto de Torniant, senescallo suo Pictavensis."). Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes 1 (1883): 271. Boissonade Quomodo Comites Engolismenses ega Reges Anglia, et Francia se Gesserint 1152- 1328 (1893). Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330. Furness I. & Death of King John (1919): 6-9. Boissonade L'Ascension, le Déclin et la Chute d'un Grand Etat Féodal du Centre-Ouest: Les Taillefer et les Lusignans (Bull. et Méms. de la Soc. Arch. et Hist. de la Charente) (1935). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 ("Philipp° f[ilio] R. Richardi"). Martin-Civat Les Seigneuties de Cognac, Jarnac et Metpins dons l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XIIe et XIIIe Siècle (Congrès des Socs. Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956). Henderson Richard Coeur de Lion (1959): 242. Shakespeare Quarterly 11 (1960): 137-146. Powicke Loss of Normandy (1961): 32-33. Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274-275. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102. Le Château Royal of Cognac (Mems./Institut d'Hist. et d'Arch. de Cognac et du Cognaçais) 2 (1972): 5. Shakespeare Studies (1976): 59-70. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126-127, 179. Debord La Soc. Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente Xe-XlIe Siècle (1984): 486-488. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 769 (sub Limoges). Evergates Feudal Soc. in Medieval France (1993): 58-59. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58. Bernard et al. Hist. du Poitou et des Pays Charentais (2001): 151. Erickson Royal Panoply: Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (2006): 46. v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 (by dispensation, they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY [see BRITTANY 6], daughter and heiress of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland [see BRITTANY 5 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1162. They had three children (see below). In 1178 he was knighted at Woodstock by his father. In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Notre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH, Earl of Chester [see CHESTER 5.i], Judge in the King's Court, 1193, Constable of Sermilly Castle, 1201-4, Constable of the Tower of Avranches, 1203, Warden of the Peak Castle and Forest, 1215, Steward of the Town and Honour of Lancaster, 1216-23, Constable of Fotheringay Castle, 1221-2, Steward of the Honour of Leicester, 1222, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, son and heir of Hugh, Earl of Chester, hereditary Vicomte of Avranches, by Bertrade, daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux, seigneur of Montfort-l'Amaury [see CHESTER 5 for his ancestry]. They had no issue. In 1196 Ranulph captured Constance en route to her 6n5li7ing negotiations with King Richard I and confined her at Benvron for at least a year. Soon after her release, she sought the annulment of their marriage which was granted in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. She married (3rd) before October 1199 (as his 1st wife) GUY DE THOUARS [see BRITTANY 6], in right of his 1st wife, Count (or Duke) of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars, by his wife, Aumur (or Aumou) [see AQUITAINE 3.ii.a for his ancestry]. They had three daughters, Alix (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond), Marguerite, and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was buried at Villeneuve. In 1202 he joined King Philippe Augustus, and his English lands were confiscated. He served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) EUSTACHE DE MAULEON, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d'Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre de Chemillé, Knt. [seigneur of Chemille, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas de Chemillé, Knt. In October 1203 he was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. In 1206 King Philippe Auguste of France granted him le Broherec, la Cornouaille, and le Pouher. GUY DE THOUARS died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) RENAUD DE MAULEVRIER. She was living in 1244. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67-68. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1333 (abstract of charter of Guy de Thouars dated 1208 naming his mother, Aumuz, and his wife, [Constance] Countess of Brittany). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1(1725): 445-461 (sub Bretagne). Morice Méms. pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 37-38, 822 (dower of Katherine of Brittany, wife of André III de Vitré), 912-913, 917, 919-920 (instances of Pierre de Chemillé styled "uncle" [avunculus] by Jean, Duke of Brittany, in 1238, 1240, 1241), 930-931 (Thomas de Chemillé styled "brother" [fratri] by Pierre de Chemillé). Morice Histoire Ecclésiastique et Civil de Bretagne 1 (1750): xvii-xviii (Counts of Penthievre ped). Banks Dormant & Extinct Baronage of England 1 (1807): 218-220. Hanshall Hut. of the County Palatine of Chester (1823): 21-23. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 325 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated 1230), 574-575 (Jerveaux Abbey - Genealogy of the Counts of Richmond). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 247-249. Extracta e Vanis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 70 ("Henricus, regis Dauid filius, comes Huntyntoune et Northumbrie vxorem duxit Adam filiam Willelmi senioris, sororis Willelmi junioris comitis de Warenna, et sororem comitis Roberti Legecesterensis, et Walranni comitis de Melent, cuius mater fait soror Rodulphi comitis de Perona, regis Francorum Ludouici consanguinea, ex qua suscepit tres inclitos filios Genuit eciam idem princeps Henricus totidem Elias ex uxore sua predicta Ada, scilicet, Adam, que lege conjugii tradita est comiti Holandie Fiorentino: secundam, Margaretam Conano duci Britannie comiti de Richmonth nuptam, ex qua genuit filiam nomine Constanciam Gaufrido, comiti Ancligauie, fratri regis Anglie Richardi Primi, disponsatam, de qua Gaufridus genuit alum nomine Arthurum, postea in mare mersum, vnam eciam filiam, Aleciam nomine, que a Petro Mauclerk concepit et peperit filium, normna Johannem, postea ducem Britannie, et aliam filiani nomine Alienoram, que cum Arthuro fratre in mare periit."). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 365-369 (re. Thouars fam.). Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbaris 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 207. Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Geoffrey). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 35 (1874): 8-9 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5 (seal of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond dated 1185 - Le duc à cheval, vêtu du haubert, coiffé d'un heaume a timbre arrondi; lance au gonfanon. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS DVX BRI Revers: Le duc à cheval, couvert d'un immense bouclier, brandissant son épée. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS COMES RICHEMVNDIE), 5-6 (undated seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond - Dame debout, coiffée en tresses, revêtue d'un sur ___ ajusté du corsage, des hanches et des bras, at recouvert d'une chape, un faucon sur le poing, en fleuron dans la main droite. [Légende:]* CONSTANCIA DVCISS … [COM]ITISSA RICH[EMUN]DIE). Ormerod Hist. of the County Palatine & City of Chester 1 (1882): 33-41. Robertson Materials for the Hist. of Thomas Becket 6 (Rolls Ser. 67) (1882): 170-174. Bull & Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Département d'Ille-et-Vilaine 17 (1885): 370-371, 371-372 (charter dated 1182-85 of Geoffrey son of King Henry, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richmond; charter granted with consent of his wife, Constance), 373 (charter dated 1183-86 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to the church of Rouen), 374- 376 (charter dated 1187 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 376-377 (charter dated 1189 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 377-378 (charter dated 1193 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Melaine of Rennes Abbey), 379-380 (charter dated 1198 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond), 380-381 (charter dated 1199 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Notre Dame près Aurai Priory), 383-384 (charter dated 1199-1201 of Guy de Thouars, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond and his wife, Constance, Duchess of Brittany to Melerai Abbey), 384-387 (foundation charter dated 1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond for Villeneuve Abbey), 387 (charter dated 1187-1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Buzai Abbey), 388-390, 391-392 (charter dated 1205 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the monks of Villeneuve), 394-397 (charter dated 1207 by Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the canons of Nantes), 397-406, 406-407 (charter dated 1212 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany), 408, 409 (charter dated 1201-13 of Guy, Duke of Brittany to the nuns of Saint-Sulpice les Rennes). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 365-366 (sub Chester); 3 (1886): 107-109 (sub Richmond). Annales Cestrienses (Lanc. & Cheshire Rec. Soc. 14) (1887): 40-41 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1188: "Rannulphus comes cestrie Cui etiam dedit Henricus rex anglie in uxorem relictam v Kl. [recte Galfridi filii sui] Cui comitissam britannie filia Alani [recte Conant] Comitis britannie nominee Constancia et toto comittatu de Richemund quam ipse comes Cestrie Rannulphus desponsavit in die Sancte Werburge virginis, id est, tertia nonas Februarii [3 Feb.] apud ..."), 46 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1200: "Rannulphus comes Cestrie desponsavit uxorem filiam Radulphi de Feugis, nomine Clementiam, relicta comitissa Britannie, nomine Constancia."). La Borderie Recueil d’Actes Inédits des Ducs et Princes de Bretagne (XIe, XIIe, XIIIe Siecles) (1888). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 378 (seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond dated 1190-1198 - Pointed oval. To the right. Standing, with tightly-fitting dress, long fur-lined cloak fastened at the throat, in the right hand a lily-flower, on the left hand a hawk with long jesses.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Gaufridus comes."). Rosenzweig Cartulaire général de Morbihan 1 (1895): 190-191 (charter of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, dated between 1182-1183). Inventaire Sommaire des Archives Départementales antérieures a 1790, Loire-Inférieure 2(2) Ser. C & D (1898): 147. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 220 (Livre d'Anniversaires des XIVe-XVe Siedes: "18 August - [Obiit] Gaufridi, comitis Britanie [1186]."). Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 531-532. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 355. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 58-70. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103-106, 371-372 (biog. of Geoffrey Fitz Roy, Count of Brittany). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 441-458. Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 195 (chart). Le Moyen Age 35 (1924-5): 63-70. Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Peds. (1925): 11 (ped. of Earls of Chester). Brunel et al. Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 2 (1943): 542. C.P. 10 (1945): 780 (chart), 794-805 (sub Richmond). Annales de Bretagne 53 (1946), 1-27. Painter Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). BIHR 50 (1977): 112-115. Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 2 (1981): 13 (seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated c.1200 - A shield of arms: a lion passant. Legend: + SIGILLVM [R]A[NVF]I COMMS CESTRIE). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as "a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler"). Hist. Research 63 (1990): 1-16. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 45-47. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany & her Fam. (1999). Everard Brittany & the Angevins (2000). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 347-360. Jones Between France & England (2003): 38-40. Wheeler & Parsons Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 101. Richard Eales, `Ranulf (HI), sixth earl of Chester and first earl of Lincoln (1170-1232)', in Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (2004). Bull & Léglu World of Eleanor of Aquitaine (2005). Guéraud Contribution a "Etude du Processus coutumier au Moyen Age (2008): 250 (charter of Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, dated after 1173 names his mother, Aumou, his wife Sibyl; his brothers, Guy, Hugues, Geoffroi, and Raymond; and his sisters, Marie and Amabil), 251 (chart), 305. Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany: a. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182-4.She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold's death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 October 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wiltshire. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 ("commonly called The Damsel of Britain"). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Green Letters of Royal & Ill. Ladies (1846): 24-27 ("The ac	Fitz Roy, Geoffrey (I7167)
6014	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1133. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, at Whitsuntide 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ALIENOR) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine [see FRANCE 6] (divorced 21 March 1152), and daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Aénor, daughter of Amaury (or Aimery) I, Vicomte of Châtellerault [see AQUITAINE 4 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud [Abbess of Barking]. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen's heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the "Angevin empire" (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. In 1158 he confirmed a treaty with King Louis VII of France involving the marriage of Henry's son to the French king's daughter. In the summer of 1159 he launched an unsuccessful expedition against Toulouse, which he claimed as Duke of Aquitaine. His reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connacht, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king's bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Poitiers (Vienne), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried in the church of the Abbey of Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire). Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1st marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France [see FRANCE 6], namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes) [see BLOIS 4] and Alix of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France [see WYDEVILLE 4]. References: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20 (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules at de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France, etc.); 13 (1869): 308 i (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703,708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines); 19 (1880): 336-337. Schwennicke Europæische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquataine: Lord & Lady (2003). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59-72. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1128 (Agnes de Barbezillo styled "aunt" famital of Queen Eleanor [of Aquitaine), wife of King Louis WI of France). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 17 (Kalendar of Obits: "II Non. Julius [6 July]. Obitus Henrici Regis Anglie, filie Matildis."). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1725): 76-77. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7-10, 10-12 (will of King Henry II). L'Art de Vérifier les Dates 2 (1784): 348-365 (sub Comtes de Poitiers, Ducs de Aquitaine). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1786): 190 (Ex Radulfi de Diceto: Ralph de Fay styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1 (1) (1816): 81-82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William [Fitz Roy], 4th Earl of Surrey (or Warenne), styled "kinsman" [cognati] by King Henry II). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1-4 (will of King Henry II of England). Gray Scalacronica (1836): 278 (Ermengarde de Beaumont, wife of William the Lion, King of Scots styled "cousin" [cosyn] of King Henry II of England). Historiæ Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (Surtees Soc. 9) (1839): Appendix, pg. 1, charter no. xixii (Hugh [du Puiset], Bishop of Durham, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 304-378 (biog. of Eleanora of Aquitaine). Pertz Chronica et Annales ævi Salui (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 6) (1844): (Roberti de Monte Cronica [Robert de Torigni]): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled "aunt" [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled "kinsman" [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled "kinsman" on the part of King Henry II's mother, Empress Maud), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "kinsman" [cognate]; Earl Hugh's wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Evreux "kinswoman" [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II's father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinsman" [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [cognate]); 27(1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinswoman" by King Henry II). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851) 18-19. Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 245 (Annals of Waverley sub AD. 1188 - Baldwin [de Revers], Earl of Cornwall, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry II). Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 372 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars styled "your cousin and our's" [votre cousin et au notre] by queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in letter to her son, King John dated 1200-1201; also see Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chattes 32 (1871): 412-413). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 33 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Henry II), 46 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of King Henry II). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled "kinsman" of King Henry II; see Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 83, footnote 1). Grasilier Cartulaires Inédits de la Saintonge 2: Cartulaire de l'Abbaye Royale de Notre-Dame de Saintes (1871): 13-16, 19-21, 35-36, 36 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France dated 1151 names her "sister” [sororis], Aelith), 37, 51 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France, dated 1140 names her "aunt" [amite], Agnes [de Barbezieux], Abbess of Saintes; charter witnessed by Aelith, "sister" [sorore] of Queen Eleanor), 52, 78. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 192 (birth of King Henry II); 2 (1873): 7 (sub A.D. 1168: Mathieu, Count of Boulogne, styled "kinsman" [cognatum] of King Henry II of England). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Set.) (1874): 285 (Ralph de Pale styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Montzey Hist. de is Fliche 1 (1877): 137-146. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 426, 439 (Chron. of Geoffrey Vosiensis: Sarah daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall and wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] of King Henry II of England). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 15 (1878): 767-768 (P[etrus Raimundi], Abbot of Saint Maxent, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in letters dated 1161). Eyton Court, Household & Intinerary of King Henry II (1878): 8 (Henry [de Sully], Abbot of Fécamp, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Stubbs Hist. Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1879): 93 (birth of King Henry II), 140-141 (David I, King of Scots, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] of King Henry II of England). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). Bain Cal. Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15-17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of Queen Eleanor). Hart Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia 1 (1884): 106 (Silvio de Cresto styled "queen's kinsman" [nepoti Regina]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 10-13 (seal of King Henry II - Obverse. King enthroned, holding sword and orb; generally ressembling the obverse of seals of Henry I. and Stephen, but with differences in arches on front of throne, and in the various proportions. Legend: + HENRICVS DEI • G[RATIA] • REX ANGLORUM. Four small points in cross placed as a stop between the words. Reverse. King on a horse to the right; hauberk, continuous coif, and chausses of chain-mail, here represented by rings. Conical helmet with nasal. Shield secured by strap passing round king's neck, and fastened by a ring into inner surface of leather. In right hand a long sword; in left hand the short strap of shield and reins. Horse's head-gear composed of chain-work. Legend: + HENR : DEI : GRA : DVX : NORM: [ ] ET : AQVIT : ET: COM : ANDEG.). Christie Annales Cestrienses (1887): 29-35 (Bertrade of Evreux, wife of Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "cousin" of King Henry II in chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164-1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled "kinswoman" [cognate] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). Gross Gild Merchant 2 (1890): 28-29 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem 1(1894): 108, 125-128, 180-181, 312, 470-471, 480-482, 519, 527, 567-568; 2 (1897): 18-19. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "7 Jul. [Obiit] Henricus secundus, rex Anglorum."). Archives Hist. de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6-7 (charter of Eleanor). Beauchet-Filleau Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des Families du Poitou 2 (1895): 320 ("L'obituaire de Fontevrault place son décès le jour des ides de janvier. Dnus Radulfus princeps de Faia, avunculus Dnæ Alienordis Reginae. (bat. 54802 89.)) (author identifies Ralph de Fay as son of Aimery I, Vicomte of Châtellerault). Wigram Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford 2 (1896): 116 (Empress Maud styled "sister" [soror] and her son, Henry [afterwards King Henry II of England] styled "nephew" [nepos] by Robert Fitz Roy, Earl of Gloucester in charter dated c.1142). Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Andre de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England, and her son, King John, in letter dated 1199). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 69 (grant by King Henry II dated 1186-9). Broussillon Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers 2 (1903): 84 (Raoul [de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "dearest kinsman" [charissimus cognatus] in letter by King Henry II of England). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78-93; 42 (1927): 569-572; 74 (1959): 193-213; 110 (1995): 652-655. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 104-105 (Mary, Abbess of Romsey, styled "kinswoman" [cognata/cognatam] by King Henry II). Jeayes Desc. Cat. Derbyshire Charters (1906): 244 (Maud [of Gloucester], Countess of Chester, styled "kinswoman" [cognata] by King Henry II in charter dated ?1175). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593-596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452-463 (biog. of Henry II: "... his nature was full of passion... [he] was a great builder... Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign... probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day... genius for government"). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie (1909): 352-354 (biog. of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England: "Un des recueils de Gaignières (ms. latin 5419, p. 80) nous a conservé l'image de sceau dont elle continua a se servir pendant son veuvage. C'est un long sceau allongé et pointu sot lequel elle est représentée debout, tenant on oiseau sur la main gauche; il ne subsistait que la dernière partie de la légende: NORMANORVM DUCISSA ET ANDEGAVIE COMITISSA. Il y a aux Auxives nationales, attaché a one charte de l'année 1199, on exemplaire mutile de ce même sceau."). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184-1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 ([Maud de Bohun], wife of Juhel de Mayenne, styled "neptis Regis" [kinswoman of King Henry II]). Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled "king's kinsman" in 1188), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see also Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; Round Cal Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II; see also Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1846): 142; Méms. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de Picardie 47 (1936): 182-184 (Eustache's mother named in charter as Isabel); Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XIe-XIIIe Siècle) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l'Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191-192 (Eustache named in charter as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavene, Count of Saint-Pol)]. Delisle & Berger Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre, Duc de Normandie 3 (1927): 136 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), ([Raoul de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Chartrou-Charbonnel L'Anjou de 1109 à 1151: Foulque de Jérusalem et Geoffroi Plantegenêt (1928). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 253 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Speculum 30 (1955): 374-384. Boussard Le Gouvernement d'Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32-33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153-156. Genealogists' Mag. 14 (1964): 361-368. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154 3 (1968). Charles Evans "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany," in Mélanges Offerts à Szaboles de Vajay à l'Occasion de Son Cinquitième Anniversaire (1971): 187-191 (Margery [de Bohun], wife of Pedro Manrique, Count of Lara, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II). Warren Henry II (1973): 216 (Roger [of Gloucester], Bishop of Worcester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II, cites William FitzStephen, III, 103-106). Kibler Eleanor of Aquitaine, Patron & Politcian (1976). Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14-15. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420-1920) (1977): 188-189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3(4) (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 2 (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II] later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Hanna Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89-90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321-336. Tyerman England & the Crusades 1095-1588 (1988): 48 ([Baldwin IV], King of Jerusalem, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II). Williamson Kings & Oueens of Britain (1991): 52-55 (biog. of Henry II:"... a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined.., well-grounded in law and history... undoubtedly a great king"), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Amt Accession of Henry II in England (1993). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "3 Kal. [Apr.] [30 March]. [Obiit] Alienor regina Anglie."). Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Church Medieval Knighthood V. Papers from the 66 Strawberry Hill Conf. 1994 (1995): 68. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Viator 27 (1996): 53 et seq. Vincent et al. Acta of Henry II & Richard 12 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67-69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled "king's kinsman'). Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England (1999). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Anglo-Norman Studies 23 (2001): 143-154. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Hanna Christchurch Priory Cartulary (Hampshire Rec. Ser. 18) (2007): 124 (Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II in charter dated 1154-71). Harper-Bill Henry II: New Interpretations (2007). Hosier Henry II (2007): 54. Cornwall Rec. Office: Arundell of Lanherne & Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert [Fitz Count], son of [Robert Fitz Roy], Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Online resource: The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm). Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153. He died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about 25 Dec. 1156, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65-66. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 434-435 (undated charter of King Henry II dated at Reading to Hurley Priory, Berkshire made for the health of the souls of his late son, William, and his grandfather, King Henry I). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Matthew of Paris Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum 1 (Rolls Set. 44) (1866): 307 (sub A.D. 1157: "In Adventu autem infirmatus Willelmus, primogenitus regis Henrici, obiit, diebus hujus anni scilicet Nataliciis; under dissentio est, utrum hoc vel anno praeterito obierit. Sepultus est autem apud Radingum."). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of William). Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34 (sub A.D. 1156: "Obiit Guillermus, primogenitus filius Henrici regis Anglorum, et sepultus est Radingis ad pedes Henrici regis, proavi sui."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hirst. (1872). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled "the Young King"), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or is Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. They had one son, William. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173-74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) BELA III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama [see HUNGARY 8], son of Geza II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama, by his wife, Euphrosine, daughter of Mstislav II the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. He was born about 1148. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following the death of her husband, Bela III, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66-67. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam of England (1851): 18-19. Douet-D'Arcq Historiques et Critiques sur les Anciens Comtes de Beaumont-sur-Oise (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie: Docs. Inédits 4) (1855): 50-51 (Henry the Young King of England styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Eleanor de Vermandois, Countess of Beaumont in charter dated 1184). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of Henry), 41-45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Henry). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: "Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo matito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit."). Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): iv (rare charter of Young Henry dated c.1170, in which he uses the style "rex Angliæ et Dux Normanniæ et Comes Andegaviæ, Regis Henrici filius"). Deville Tornbeaux de la Cathédral de Rotten (1881): 161-162,164-165,210-211. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13 (seal of Henry son of King Henry II dated 1170-1182 - King, enthroned, with sceptre and orb; sides of throne terminate in animals' heads, as on the thrones on the French royal seals. Legend: HENRICVS REX ANGLOR DVX NORMANNOR ET COMES ANDEGAVOR.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "11 Jun. [Obiit] Henricus tertius, rex Anglorum."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591-594, 602. Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382-384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240-241. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224-226. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he "used style rex Anglorum... hence called by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III"). Smith English Episc. Acta 2 Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110-111. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 96-97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297-326 ("the sole associate king in English post-conquest history"). Child of Henry of England, by Margaret of France: a. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born about 19 June 1177, died 22 June 1177. Benedict of Peterborough Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 177 ("Eodem anno [1177] circa clausum Pentecosten, Margareta, guæ, at supradictum est, prægnans abiit ad regem Franciæ patrem suum, peperit filium, et vocatum eat nomen ejus Willelmus, sed infra triduum obiit Parisius ubi natus fuit; et quidam dicebant quod abortivus fuit."). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH XII der Löwe (or HENRY the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich X, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, Holy Roman Emperor], and Wilhelm [Count of Luneburg], and two daughters, Maud and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180, and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Braunschweig (or Brunswick). In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. His wife, Maud, died at Braunschweig 28 June 1189. HEINRICH OF BRAUNSCHWEIG, former Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, died 6 August 1195. He and his wife, Maud, were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69-70. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Green Lives of the Princesses of England 1 (1857): 214-262 (biog. of Matilda of England). Pertz Historici Germania sac. XII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 21) (1869): 115-116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sæc. XII. et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled "kinsman" [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Ströhl Deutsch Wappenrolle (1897): 72. Hohnstein Geschichte des Heroztums Braunschweig (1908): 91-140 (biog. of Heinrich der Löwe). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Waltz Ottonis et Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris (Monumenta Germaniæ Histories, Scriptures rerum Germanicarum 46) (1912): 350 (Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris Appendix sub A.D. 1168: "... nam inter imperatorem et regem Angliæ fedus et amicicia fuit, data filia sua in uxorem Heinrico duci Bawariæ et Saxoniæ."). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 284 (ancestry of Maud of England). Jordan Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Löwen Herzogs von Sachsen and Bayern (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Laienfürsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit) (1941): 51-53 (Gebhard I, Count of Burghausen styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich), 107-108 (Otto VI, Count Palatine of Wittelsbach, afterwards Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepos] by Duke Heinrich), 181-182 (Friedrich II, Count Palatine of Saxony, Count of Sommerschenburg styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich). Foreville L'Eglise et le Royaute en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154-1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Appelt Die Urkunden Friedrichs I. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser 10(1)) (1975): 18-19, 231-233, 347-349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [cognate/cognate] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259-260, 332-335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepotem/nepos] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364-365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [consanguine] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Gens Nostra 46 (1991): 540-541. Kegel Die Jüngere Hildesheimer Briefsammlung (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Die Briefe Der Deutschen Kaiserzeit 7) (1995): 101-102 (letter of Heinrich of Braunschweig to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188), 102-103 (Heinrich of Braunschweig styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] in letter from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Jour. Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379-393. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bayern/heinrich_12_derloewe_herzog_von_bayern_1195_welfen/heinrich_12_der loewe_herzog_von_bayern_und_sachsen_+_1195.html. Children of Maud of England, by Duke Heinrich XII der Löwe: a. OTTO OF BRUNSWICK, 3rd son. He was educated at the court of his uncle, King Richard I of England, under whose experience he gained valuable experience in war. He was appointed Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, and Earl of Yorkshire. When Emperor Henry VI died in Sept. 1197, some of the German princes under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, were anxious to find a rival to Philip, Duke of Swabia, who had been elected German king. Otto married (1st) 22 July 1212 BEATRIX OF HOHENSTAUFEN, daughter of Philip, Duke of Swabia. They had no issue. His wife, Beatrix, died 11 August 1212. He married (2nd) at Aachen 19 May 1214 MARIA OF BRABANT, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Lorraine and Brabant, Margrave of Antwerp, by his 1st wife, Machtild (or Mahaud), daughter and co-heiress of Mathieu of Flanders, Count of Boulogne [see BRABANT 5 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. OTTO IV, late Emperor, died at the Harzburg 19 May 1218, and was buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. His widow, Maria, married (2nd) in July 1220 WILHELM (or WILLEM) I, Count of Holland [see HOLLAND 5]. She died between 9 March and 14 June 1260. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 477-478 (Richard I, King of England, styled "uncle" [avunculus] in charter of Otto, Duke of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 28-29, 87-88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" [nepos] by King John of England). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 37-48 (Otto of Saxony [former Emperor Otto IV] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 57-60 (Otto [IV], late Emperor, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1228). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 290 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1218: "Otho imperator Alemanniæ, nepos Ricardi et Johannis regum obiit."). Piot Cartulaire de l'Abbeye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 199-200 (charter of Henri [II], Duke of Lorraine and Brabant dated 1240, names his "dear sister" [charissima soror], Maria, former Empress of the Romans). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 298-299 ("Eodem anno [1195] Willelmus rex Scottorum ægrotavit, in villa sua quæ dicitur Clacmanan et statuit Othonem filium Henrici ducis Saxoniæ, nepotem Ricardi regis sibi successurum in regnum Scottorum, ita quod ipse Otho filiam suam primogenitam in uxorem cum regno duceret. Et quamvis rex plures haberet qui voluntati suæ in hoc consentirent, tamen comes Patricius et alii multi contradixerunt ..."). Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sac. XII et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 385 (F Gervasii Tilleberiensis Otiis Imperialibus: William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, styled "uncle" [avunculum] of Emperor Otto IV). Doyle Official Baronage of England 3 (1886): 740 (sub York). Thatcher & McNeal Source Book for Mediæval Hist. (1905): 228 (Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" by King John of England in 1202). Hohnstein Geschichte des Herzogtams Braunschweig (1908): 141-149 (biog. of Kaiser Otto IV). Encyclopædia Britannica 20 (1911): 375 (biog. of Otto IV, Roman emperor). Nicholson Love, War & the Grail (2001). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/otto_4_deutscher_koenig_1218_welfen/otto_4_von_ braunschweig_deutscher_koeni8-+_1218.html. b. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF BRUNSWICK, born in 1172. She married (1st) in July 1189 GEOFFREY III, Count of Perche, lord of Toddington, Bedfordshire and Aldbourne and Wanborough, Wiltshire, son of Rotrou III, Count of Perche, by Mathilde, daughter of Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. They had two sons, Geoffrey and Thomas [Count of the Perche]. GEOFFREY III, Count of the Perche, died 5 April 1202. His widow, Maud, married (2nd) before 1203 (as his 1st wife) ENGUERRAND DE COUCY, seigneur of Coucy, and, in right of his wife, Count of the Perche, son and heir of Raoul de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy, by Alix, daughter of Robert I, Count of Dreux. She died in 13 Jan. 1209/10. Placitorum in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservatorum Abbrevatio (1811): 55. Rotuli litterarum patentium in turri Londinensi asservati 1201- 1216 (1834): 18 (Maud, Countess of the Perche, styled "niece" [nepti] by King John of England in 1202). Lepinois & Merlet Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres 2 (1863): 21 (charter of Maud, Countess of Perche, dated June 1202, names her late husband, Geoffrey, and her son, Thomas), 22. Herald & Genealogist 6 (1871): 241- 253 ([Maud], Countess of Perche styled "niece" [neptis] by King John, cites Rot. Normann. p. 87.). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 436-438 (J. de Pertico [Enguerrand de Coucy, Count of the Perche] styled "your kinsman" [consobrinum tuum] in letter from Pope Innocent III to King Philippe Auguste of France in 1203). Money Hist. of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11(1903): 304-305. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 374 (biog. of Geoffrey de Perche). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France: County of the Perche 1000-1226 (2002). Kathleen Thompson "Matilda, countess of the Perche (1171-1210): The expression of authority in name, style and seal" available at www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/crahm/revue/tabularia/thompson.html. iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Cæur-de-Lion or the Iionheart), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice (or Alix) of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother's inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173-4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175-77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry's death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father's orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions, including Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard's marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry's death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BERENGERE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho Vi el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard's journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, whom he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. His second Coronation was solemnised in Winchester Cathedral 17 April 1194. In October 1196 he made peace with Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, renouncing all claims to the county of Toulouse and the subject county of Rouergue; he also returned Quercy and gave the Agenais as part of the dowry for his sister Joan's marriage to Raymond. In 1199, during a minor siege at Chalus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. Following Richard's death, the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire formed part of his widow, Berengere's dower, but she did not enjoy her full tights as indicated by a papal letter to King John in 1209. In 1204 Bérengère ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thoré in Maine. She was co-heiress in 1226 to her cousin, Guillaume, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, Count of Perche. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l'Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l'Epau Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73-80. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1045-1046 (charters of Queen Bérengère of England). Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 12. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 266 (Obit. of Tintem Abbey: "Ricardus Rex Angliæ primus obiit xxvii. die Mardi"; "Berengerus et comitissa soror ejus obiit xxiij. die Decembris."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 313-314. Brequigny Table Chronologique des Diplomes, Charles, Titres et Actes Imprimés concernant l'Histoire de France 4 (1836): 357. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. Ill. the Hist. of Scotland 1(1837): xxviii-xxix (William the lion, King of Scots styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Richard I of England). Archæologia 27 (1838): 109-112. Green Letters of Royal & Ill Ladies (1846): 30-34 (two letters of Bérengère, Queen of England). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Riley Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1853): 120 (Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham, styled "our dearly beloved cousin" by King Richard I). Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21(1855): 604 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): "... Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi"). Migne Innocentii III Romani pontificis opera omnia (Patrologia Ser. Latina 215) (1855): 1538-1539. Arbois de Jubainville Hist. des Ducs et des Comtes de Champagne 5 (1863): 195, 229-230, 238. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Charles 2 (1866): 181-182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled "aunt" [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] "Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de Ella Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus."). Lalore Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Boulancoutt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: "23 Dec. - solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d'Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne"). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 39 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Richard I), 151 (Chronicon Sancti Sergii Andegavensis: death of King Richard I). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147-159. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 447 ([Blanche of Navarre], Countess of Troyes, styled "sister" [sororem] of Queen Bérengère in letter by Pope Innocent III to King John dated 1204). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13-14 (seal of King Richard I - Obverse. King enthroned: closely fitting tunic, loose surcoat with embroidered edges at neck and arms, and cloak. Open crown of three points fleury. In right hand a sword held erect; in left hand an orb topped by a cross fleur-de-lisée. Throne of elaborate pannelled work, of four stages of arcading with intervening head-mouldings, the back splayed away, and footboard enriched with carvings of quatrefoils, and a corbel on seven arches. In the field, on either side of king's head, a crescent enclosing an estoile of seven points wavy. On either side of throne a sprig of the planta genista, or broom. Legend: + RICARDVS DEI GRACIA REX ANGLORVM. Reverse. King on horseback to right. Hauberk and surcoat of mail armour, conical helmet, large broad sword, bowed shield on which a lion rampant contoume. Horse-trappings: head-gear, ornamental saddle and breast-band. Legend: + RICARDVS DVX NORMANNORVM ET AQVITANORVM ET COMES ANDEGAVORVM.). Meyer L'Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338-340, esp. lines 9392-9432 (André de Chauvigny styled "king's kinsman"). Delisle Manuscrits Latins et Français ajoutés aux Fonds des Nouvelles Acquisitions Pendant les Années 1875-1894 2 (1894): 509-510 (Calendrier of Maubuisson Abbey) ("X kal. januarii [23 Dec.]. Obiit Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 556-557 (charter of King Richard I dated 1189-1190); 2 (1897): 179-180. Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 89-90 (William the lion, King of Scotland styled "dearest cousin" by King Richard I of England in 1189), 92-93 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and cousin and liegeman" by King Richard I of England in 1194). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(2) (Recueil des Historiens de la France - Obituaires) (1902): 645 (Abbaye de Port Royal: "x. cal. [23 Dec.]. Ce jour est fait l’anniversaire de Berangarie, royne [1229], et de Blanche, contesse, et non en convent."), 655 (Abbaye de Maubuisson: "[23 Dec.]. x kal. jan. Obiit. Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Lair (Société des Archives Hist. du Maine 6) (1905): 80-81. D.N.B. 16(1909): 1022-1031 (biog. of Richard I: "... He was a stern ruler.., where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault... In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree... He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher... a man of many accomplishments"). Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: "A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale"). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 18-20 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Richard I in 1197). Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174-1328 (1965): 12-14 (William the lion, King of Scotland, styled "kinsman" by King Richard in 1189), 18-19 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and kinsman" [amico et consanguineo] by King Richard in 1194). Paget lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185-198; 23 (1997): 351-365. Bull. Inst. Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157-173. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36-37. Mitchell Berengaria, Enigmatic Queen of England (1986). King & Ridyard Law in Mediæval Life & Thought (Sewanee Mediæal Studies 5) (1990): 21-42. Williamson Kings & Queens of Britain (1991): 55-56,65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 127 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus April [6 April]. Obiit Ricardus Rex Anglie, qui dedit Boscum de Blen cum pertinentiis suis Ecclesie Christi."), 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus Apr. 16 April]. Obiit Richardus rex Angliae."). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37-53; 43 (1999): 79-89. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58,189-200. French Hist. Studies 21 (1998): 517-542. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart's Queen (1999): 23 (Queen Bérengère's "long years of widowhood" reveal "a strong, courageous woman, independent, solitary, battling against difficult political and economic circumstances, with little interest in the trappings of a courtly existence, sustained by her faith in Christ and her royalty to the See of St Peter, not afraid to assert her rights against powerful enemies, both lay and clerical."), 183 (Queen Bérengère styled "kinswoman" by King Louis IX of France). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 97,105. Online resources: www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm. Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, ___: a. PHILIP FITZ ROY (otherwise PHILIP DE COGNAC), in right of his wife, of Cognac, Merpins, and Jarnac. He married AMELIE DE COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Adémar, Count of Angouleme, did homage to him in 1194, and also after his father's death. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father's death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Bull. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de l'Ouest et des Musées de Poitiers 12 (1845): 415. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464-465 ("In the same year [A.D. 11991, Philip, bastard son of Richard, king of England, to whom the said king, his father, had given the castle and the manor of Cuinac, slew the before-named viscount of Limoges, in revenge for his father."). Comptes d'Alphonse de Poitiers (Archives Hist. du Poitou 4) (1875): 21-22 ("... Tempore domini comids Pictavensis Henrici, qui fuit rex Anglie, quittavit pater comitis Audomaris Engolismensis, in aula Pictavensi, Bardon, dominum Coignyaci, de homagio quod petebat ab ipso de Coygnyaco, et eo presente et concedente, fecit homagium dominus Coygnyaci domini comiti Pictavensi, de Cognyaco et pertinentiis; et credo quod adhuc vivunt multi qui hoc viderunt. Filius dicti domini Cognyaci fecit similiter homagium Richardo Pictavensi, de Coygnyaco et pertinentiis; quo domino Cognyaci mortuo, dedit rex Richardus comes Pictavensis dominam Amellyam unicam heredem Coygnyaci, quam habebat in ballo, ratione comitatus Pictavensis, in uxorem cuidam filio suo notho, scilicet Philippo de Coygnyaco; qua defuncta sine liberis, tenuit dictus comes Richardus dictum castrum et eum tradidit Roberto de Torniant, senescallo suo Pictavensis."). Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes 1 (1883): 271. Boissonade Quomodo Comites Engolismenses ega Reges Anglia, et Francia se Gesserint 1152- 1328 (1893). Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330. Furness I. & Death of King John (1919): 6-9. Boissonade L'Ascension, le Déclin et la Chute d'un Grand Etat Féodal du Centre-Ouest: Les Taillefer et les Lusignans (Bull. et Méms. de la Soc. Arch. et Hist. de la Charente) (1935). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 ("Philipp° f[ilio] R. Richardi"). Martin-Civat Les Seigneuties de Cognac, Jarnac et Metpins dons l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XIIe et XIIIe Siècle (Congrès des Socs. Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956). Henderson Richard Coeur de Lion (1959): 242. Shakespeare Quarterly 11 (1960): 137-146. Powicke Loss of Normandy (1961): 32-33. Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274-275. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102. Le Château Royal of Cognac (Mems./Institut d'Hist. et d'Arch. de Cognac et du Cognaçais) 2 (1972): 5. Shakespeare Studies (1976): 59-70. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126-127, 179. Debord La Soc. Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente Xe-XlIe Siècle (1984): 486-488. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 769 (sub Limoges). Evergates Feudal Soc. in Medieval France (1993): 58-59. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58. Bernard et al. Hist. du Poitou et des Pays Charentais (2001): 151. Erickson Royal Panoply: Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (2006): 46. v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 (by dispensation, they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY [see BRITTANY 6], daughter and heiress of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland [see BRITTANY 5 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1162. They had three children (see below). In 1178 he was knighted at Woodstock by his father. In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Notre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH, Earl of Chester [see CHESTER 5.i], Judge in the King's Court, 1193, Constable of Sermilly Castle, 1201-4, Constable of the Tower of Avranches, 1203, Warden of the Peak Castle and Forest, 1215, Steward of the Town and Honour of Lancaster, 1216-23, Constable of Fotheringay Castle, 1221-2, Steward of the Honour of Leicester, 1222, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, son and heir of Hugh, Earl of Chester, hereditary Vicomte of Avranches, by Bertrade, daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux, seigneur of Montfort-l'Amaury [see CHESTER 5 for his ancestry]. They had no issue. In 1196 Ranulph captured Constance en route to her 6n5li7ing negotiations with King Richard I and confined her at Benvron for at least a year. Soon after her release, she sought the annulment of their marriage which was granted in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. She married (3rd) before October 1199 (as his 1st wife) GUY DE THOUARS [see BRITTANY 6], in right of his 1st wife, Count (or Duke) of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars, by his wife, Aumur (or Aumou) [see AQUITAINE 3.ii.a for his ancestry]. They had three daughters, Alix (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond), Marguerite, and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was buried at Villeneuve. In 1202 he joined King Philippe Augustus, and his English lands were confiscated. He served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) EUSTACHE DE MAULEON, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d'Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre de Chemillé, Knt. [seigneur of Chemille, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas de Chemillé, Knt. In October 1203 he was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. In 1206 King Philippe Auguste of France granted him le Broherec, la Cornouaille, and le Pouher. GUY DE THOUARS died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) RENAUD DE MAULEVRIER. She was living in 1244. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67-68. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1333 (abstract of charter of Guy de Thouars dated 1208 naming his mother, Aumuz, and his wife, [Constance] Countess of Brittany). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1(1725): 445-461 (sub Bretagne). Morice Méms. pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 37-38, 822 (dower of Katherine of Brittany, wife of André III de Vitré), 912-913, 917, 919-920 (instances of Pierre de Chemillé styled "uncle" [avunculus] by Jean, Duke of Brittany, in 1238, 1240, 1241), 930-931 (Thomas de Chemillé styled "brother" [fratri] by Pierre de Chemillé). Morice Histoire Ecclésiastique et Civil de Bretagne 1 (1750): xvii-xviii (Counts of Penthievre ped). Banks Dormant & Extinct Baronage of England 1 (1807): 218-220. Hanshall Hut. of the County Palatine of Chester (1823): 21-23. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 325 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated 1230), 574-575 (Jerveaux Abbey - Genealogy of the Counts of Richmond). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 247-249. Extracta e Vanis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 70 ("Henricus, regis Dauid filius, comes Huntyntoune et Northumbrie vxorem duxit Adam filiam Willelmi senioris, sororis Willelmi junioris comitis de Warenna, et sororem comitis Roberti Legecesterensis, et Walranni comitis de Melent, cuius mater fait soror Rodulphi comitis de Perona, regis Francorum Ludouici consanguinea, ex qua suscepit tres inclitos filios Genuit eciam idem princeps Henricus totidem Elias ex uxore sua predicta Ada, scilicet, Adam, que lege conjugii tradita est comiti Holandie Fiorentino: secundam, Margaretam Conano duci Britannie comiti de Richmonth nuptam, ex qua genuit filiam nomine Constanciam Gaufrido, comiti Ancligauie, fratri regis Anglie Richardi Primi, disponsatam, de qua Gaufridus genuit alum nomine Arthurum, postea in mare mersum, vnam eciam filiam, Aleciam nomine, que a Petro Mauclerk concepit et peperit filium, normna Johannem, postea ducem Britannie, et aliam filiani nomine Alienoram, que cum Arthuro fratre in mare periit."). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 365-369 (re. Thouars fam.). Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbaris 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 207. Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Geoffrey). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 35 (1874): 8-9 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5 (seal of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond dated 1185 - Le duc à cheval, vêtu du haubert, coiffé d'un heaume a timbre arrondi; lance au gonfanon. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS DVX BRI Revers: Le duc à cheval, couvert d'un immense bouclier, brandissant son épée. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS COMES RICHEMVNDIE), 5-6 (undated seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond - Dame debout, coiffée en tresses, revêtue d'un sur ___ ajusté du corsage, des hanches et des bras, at recouvert d'une chape, un faucon sur le poing, en fleuron dans la main droite. [Légende:]* CONSTANCIA DVCISS … [COM]ITISSA RICH[EMUN]DIE). Ormerod Hist. of the County Palatine & City of Chester 1 (1882): 33-41. Robertson Materials for the Hist. of Thomas Becket 6 (Rolls Ser. 67) (1882): 170-174. Bull & Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Département d'Ille-et-Vilaine 17 (1885): 370-371, 371-372 (charter dated 1182-85 of Geoffrey son of King Henry, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richmond; charter granted with consent of his wife, Constance), 373 (charter dated 1183-86 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to the church of Rouen), 374- 376 (charter dated 1187 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 376-377 (charter dated 1189 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 377-378 (charter dated 1193 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Melaine of Rennes Abbey), 379-380 (charter dated 1198 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond), 380-381 (charter dated 1199 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Notre Dame près Aurai Priory), 383-384 (charter dated 1199-1201 of Guy de Thouars, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond and his wife, Constance, Duchess of Brittany to Melerai Abbey), 384-387 (foundation charter dated 1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond for Villeneuve Abbey), 387 (charter dated 1187-1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Buzai Abbey), 388-390, 391-392 (charter dated 1205 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the monks of Villeneuve), 394-397 (charter dated 1207 by Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the canons of Nantes), 397-406, 406-407 (charter dated 1212 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany), 408, 409 (charter dated 1201-13 of Guy, Duke of Brittany to the nuns of Saint-Sulpice les Rennes). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 365-366 (sub Chester); 3 (1886): 107-109 (sub Richmond). Annales Cestrienses (Lanc. & Cheshire Rec. Soc. 14) (1887): 40-41 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1188: "Rannulphus comes cestrie Cui etiam dedit Henricus rex anglie in uxorem relictam v Kl. [recte Galfridi filii sui] Cui comitissam britannie filia Alani [recte Conant] Comitis britannie nominee Constancia et toto comittatu de Richemund quam ipse comes Cestrie Rannulphus desponsavit in die Sancte Werburge virginis, id est, tertia nonas Februarii [3 Feb.] apud ..."), 46 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1200: "Rannulphus comes Cestrie desponsavit uxorem filiam Radulphi de Feugis, nomine Clementiam, relicta comitissa Britannie, nomine Constancia."). La Borderie Recueil d’Actes Inédits des Ducs et Princes de Bretagne (XIe, XIIe, XIIIe Siecles) (1888). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 378 (seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond dated 1190-1198 - Pointed oval. To the right. Standing, with tightly-fitting dress, long fur-lined cloak fastened at the throat, in the right hand a lily-flower, on the left hand a hawk with long jesses.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Gaufridus comes."). Rosenzweig Cartulaire général de Morbihan 1 (1895): 190-191 (charter of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, dated between 1182-1183). Inventaire Sommaire des Archives Départementales antérieures a 1790, Loire-Inférieure 2(2) Ser. C & D (1898): 147. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 220 (Livre d'Anniversaires des XIVe-XVe Siedes: "18 August - [Obiit] Gaufridi, comitis Britanie [1186]."). Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 531-532. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 355. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 58-70. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103-106, 371-372 (biog. of Geoffrey Fitz Roy, Count of Brittany). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 441-458. Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 195 (chart). Le Moyen Age 35 (1924-5): 63-70. Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Peds. (1925): 11 (ped. of Earls of Chester). Brunel et al. Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 2 (1943): 542. C.P. 10 (1945): 780 (chart), 794-805 (sub Richmond). Annales de Bretagne 53 (1946), 1-27. Painter Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). BIHR 50 (1977): 112-115. Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 2 (1981): 13 (seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated c.1200 - A shield of arms: a lion passant. Legend: + SIGILLVM [R]A[NVF]I COMMS CESTRIE). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as "a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler"). Hist. Research 63 (1990): 1-16. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 45-47. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany & her Fam. (1999). Everard Brittany & the Angevins (2000). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 347-360. Jones Between France & England (2003): 38-40. Wheeler & Parsons Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 101. Richard Eales, `Ranulf (HI), sixth earl of Chester and first earl of Lincoln (1170-1232)', in Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (2004). Bull & Léglu World of Eleanor of Aquitaine (2005). Guéraud Contribution a "Etude du Processus coutumier au Moyen Age (2008): 250 (charter of Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, dated after 1173 names his mother, Aumou, his wife Sibyl; his brothers, Guy, Hugues, Geoffroi, and Raymond; and his sisters, Marie and Amabil), 251 (chart), 305. Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany: a. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182-4.She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold's death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 October 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wiltshire. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 ("commonly called The Damsel of Britain"). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Green Letters of Royal & Ill. Ladies (1846): 24-27 ("The ac	Ykenai or Hikenai (I7166)
6015	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1133. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, at Whitsuntide 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ALIENOR) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine [see FRANCE 6] (divorced 21 March 1152), and daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Aénor, daughter of Amaury (or Aimery) I, Vicomte of Châtellerault [see AQUITAINE 4 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud [Abbess of Barking]. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen's heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the "Angevin empire" (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. In 1158 he confirmed a treaty with King Louis VII of France involving the marriage of Henry's son to the French king's daughter. In the summer of 1159 he launched an unsuccessful expedition against Toulouse, which he claimed as Duke of Aquitaine. His reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connacht, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king's bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Poitiers (Vienne), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried in the church of the Abbey of Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire). Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1st marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France [see FRANCE 6], namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes) [see BLOIS 4] and Alix of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France [see WYDEVILLE 4]. References: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20 (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules at de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France, etc.); 13 (1869): 308 i (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703,708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines); 19 (1880): 336-337. Schwennicke Europæische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquataine: Lord & Lady (2003). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59-72. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1128 (Agnes de Barbezillo styled "aunt" famital of Queen Eleanor [of Aquitaine), wife of King Louis WI of France). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 17 (Kalendar of Obits: "II Non. Julius [6 July]. Obitus Henrici Regis Anglie, filie Matildis."). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1725): 76-77. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7-10, 10-12 (will of King Henry II). L'Art de Vérifier les Dates 2 (1784): 348-365 (sub Comtes de Poitiers, Ducs de Aquitaine). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1786): 190 (Ex Radulfi de Diceto: Ralph de Fay styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1 (1) (1816): 81-82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William [Fitz Roy], 4th Earl of Surrey (or Warenne), styled "kinsman" [cognati] by King Henry II). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1-4 (will of King Henry II of England). Gray Scalacronica (1836): 278 (Ermengarde de Beaumont, wife of William the Lion, King of Scots styled "cousin" [cosyn] of King Henry II of England). Historiæ Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (Surtees Soc. 9) (1839): Appendix, pg. 1, charter no. xixii (Hugh [du Puiset], Bishop of Durham, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 304-378 (biog. of Eleanora of Aquitaine). Pertz Chronica et Annales ævi Salui (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 6) (1844): (Roberti de Monte Cronica [Robert de Torigni]): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled "aunt" [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled "kinsman" [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled "kinsman" on the part of King Henry II's mother, Empress Maud), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "kinsman" [cognate]; Earl Hugh's wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Evreux "kinswoman" [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II's father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinsman" [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [cognate]); 27(1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinswoman" by King Henry II). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851) 18-19. Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 245 (Annals of Waverley sub AD. 1188 - Baldwin [de Revers], Earl of Cornwall, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry II). Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 372 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars styled "your cousin and our's" [votre cousin et au notre] by queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in letter to her son, King John dated 1200-1201; also see Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chattes 32 (1871): 412-413). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 33 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Henry II), 46 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of King Henry II). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled "kinsman" of King Henry II; see Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 83, footnote 1). Grasilier Cartulaires Inédits de la Saintonge 2: Cartulaire de l'Abbaye Royale de Notre-Dame de Saintes (1871): 13-16, 19-21, 35-36, 36 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France dated 1151 names her "sister” [sororis], Aelith), 37, 51 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France, dated 1140 names her "aunt" [amite], Agnes [de Barbezieux], Abbess of Saintes; charter witnessed by Aelith, "sister" [sorore] of Queen Eleanor), 52, 78. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 192 (birth of King Henry II); 2 (1873): 7 (sub A.D. 1168: Mathieu, Count of Boulogne, styled "kinsman" [cognatum] of King Henry II of England). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Set.) (1874): 285 (Ralph de Pale styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Montzey Hist. de is Fliche 1 (1877): 137-146. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 426, 439 (Chron. of Geoffrey Vosiensis: Sarah daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall and wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] of King Henry II of England). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 15 (1878): 767-768 (P[etrus Raimundi], Abbot of Saint Maxent, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in letters dated 1161). Eyton Court, Household & Intinerary of King Henry II (1878): 8 (Henry [de Sully], Abbot of Fécamp, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Stubbs Hist. Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1879): 93 (birth of King Henry II), 140-141 (David I, King of Scots, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] of King Henry II of England). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). Bain Cal. Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15-17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of Queen Eleanor). Hart Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia 1 (1884): 106 (Silvio de Cresto styled "queen's kinsman" [nepoti Regina]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 10-13 (seal of King Henry II - Obverse. King enthroned, holding sword and orb; generally ressembling the obverse of seals of Henry I. and Stephen, but with differences in arches on front of throne, and in the various proportions. Legend: + HENRICVS DEI • G[RATIA] • REX ANGLORUM. Four small points in cross placed as a stop between the words. Reverse. King on a horse to the right; hauberk, continuous coif, and chausses of chain-mail, here represented by rings. Conical helmet with nasal. Shield secured by strap passing round king's neck, and fastened by a ring into inner surface of leather. In right hand a long sword; in left hand the short strap of shield and reins. Horse's head-gear composed of chain-work. Legend: + HENR : DEI : GRA : DVX : NORM: [ ] ET : AQVIT : ET: COM : ANDEG.). Christie Annales Cestrienses (1887): 29-35 (Bertrade of Evreux, wife of Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "cousin" of King Henry II in chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164-1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled "kinswoman" [cognate] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). Gross Gild Merchant 2 (1890): 28-29 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem 1(1894): 108, 125-128, 180-181, 312, 470-471, 480-482, 519, 527, 567-568; 2 (1897): 18-19. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "7 Jul. [Obiit] Henricus secundus, rex Anglorum."). Archives Hist. de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6-7 (charter of Eleanor). Beauchet-Filleau Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des Families du Poitou 2 (1895): 320 ("L'obituaire de Fontevrault place son décès le jour des ides de janvier. Dnus Radulfus princeps de Faia, avunculus Dnæ Alienordis Reginae. (bat. 54802 89.)) (author identifies Ralph de Fay as son of Aimery I, Vicomte of Châtellerault). Wigram Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford 2 (1896): 116 (Empress Maud styled "sister" [soror] and her son, Henry [afterwards King Henry II of England] styled "nephew" [nepos] by Robert Fitz Roy, Earl of Gloucester in charter dated c.1142). Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Andre de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England, and her son, King John, in letter dated 1199). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 69 (grant by King Henry II dated 1186-9). Broussillon Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers 2 (1903): 84 (Raoul [de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "dearest kinsman" [charissimus cognatus] in letter by King Henry II of England). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78-93; 42 (1927): 569-572; 74 (1959): 193-213; 110 (1995): 652-655. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 104-105 (Mary, Abbess of Romsey, styled "kinswoman" [cognata/cognatam] by King Henry II). Jeayes Desc. Cat. Derbyshire Charters (1906): 244 (Maud [of Gloucester], Countess of Chester, styled "kinswoman" [cognata] by King Henry II in charter dated ?1175). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593-596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452-463 (biog. of Henry II: "... his nature was full of passion... [he] was a great builder... Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign... probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day... genius for government"). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie (1909): 352-354 (biog. of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England: "Un des recueils de Gaignières (ms. latin 5419, p. 80) nous a conservé l'image de sceau dont elle continua a se servir pendant son veuvage. C'est un long sceau allongé et pointu sot lequel elle est représentée debout, tenant on oiseau sur la main gauche; il ne subsistait que la dernière partie de la légende: NORMANORVM DUCISSA ET ANDEGAVIE COMITISSA. Il y a aux Auxives nationales, attaché a one charte de l'année 1199, on exemplaire mutile de ce même sceau."). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184-1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 ([Maud de Bohun], wife of Juhel de Mayenne, styled "neptis Regis" [kinswoman of King Henry II]). Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled "king's kinsman" in 1188), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see also Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; Round Cal Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II; see also Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1846): 142; Méms. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de Picardie 47 (1936): 182-184 (Eustache's mother named in charter as Isabel); Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XIe-XIIIe Siècle) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l'Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191-192 (Eustache named in charter as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavene, Count of Saint-Pol)]. Delisle & Berger Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre, Duc de Normandie 3 (1927): 136 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), ([Raoul de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Chartrou-Charbonnel L'Anjou de 1109 à 1151: Foulque de Jérusalem et Geoffroi Plantegenêt (1928). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 253 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Speculum 30 (1955): 374-384. Boussard Le Gouvernement d'Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32-33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153-156. Genealogists' Mag. 14 (1964): 361-368. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154 3 (1968). Charles Evans "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany," in Mélanges Offerts à Szaboles de Vajay à l'Occasion de Son Cinquitième Anniversaire (1971): 187-191 (Margery [de Bohun], wife of Pedro Manrique, Count of Lara, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II). Warren Henry II (1973): 216 (Roger [of Gloucester], Bishop of Worcester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II, cites William FitzStephen, III, 103-106). Kibler Eleanor of Aquitaine, Patron & Politcian (1976). Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14-15. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420-1920) (1977): 188-189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3(4) (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 2 (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II] later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Hanna Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89-90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321-336. Tyerman England & the Crusades 1095-1588 (1988): 48 ([Baldwin IV], King of Jerusalem, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II). Williamson Kings & Oueens of Britain (1991): 52-55 (biog. of Henry II:"... a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined.., well-grounded in law and history... undoubtedly a great king"), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Amt Accession of Henry II in England (1993). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "3 Kal. [Apr.] [30 March]. [Obiit] Alienor regina Anglie."). Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Church Medieval Knighthood V. Papers from the 66 Strawberry Hill Conf. 1994 (1995): 68. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Viator 27 (1996): 53 et seq. Vincent et al. Acta of Henry II & Richard 12 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67-69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled "king's kinsman'). Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England (1999). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Anglo-Norman Studies 23 (2001): 143-154. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Hanna Christchurch Priory Cartulary (Hampshire Rec. Ser. 18) (2007): 124 (Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II in charter dated 1154-71). Harper-Bill Henry II: New Interpretations (2007). Hosier Henry II (2007): 54. Cornwall Rec. Office: Arundell of Lanherne & Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert [Fitz Count], son of [Robert Fitz Roy], Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Online resource: The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm). Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153. He died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about 25 Dec. 1156, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65-66. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 434-435 (undated charter of King Henry II dated at Reading to Hurley Priory, Berkshire made for the health of the souls of his late son, William, and his grandfather, King Henry I). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Matthew of Paris Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum 1 (Rolls Set. 44) (1866): 307 (sub A.D. 1157: "In Adventu autem infirmatus Willelmus, primogenitus regis Henrici, obiit, diebus hujus anni scilicet Nataliciis; under dissentio est, utrum hoc vel anno praeterito obierit. Sepultus est autem apud Radingum."). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of William). Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34 (sub A.D. 1156: "Obiit Guillermus, primogenitus filius Henrici regis Anglorum, et sepultus est Radingis ad pedes Henrici regis, proavi sui."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hirst. (1872). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled "the Young King"), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or is Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. They had one son, William. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173-74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) BELA III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama [see HUNGARY 8], son of Geza II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama, by his wife, Euphrosine, daughter of Mstislav II the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. He was born about 1148. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following the death of her husband, Bela III, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66-67. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam of England (1851): 18-19. Douet-D'Arcq Historiques et Critiques sur les Anciens Comtes de Beaumont-sur-Oise (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie: Docs. Inédits 4) (1855): 50-51 (Henry the Young King of England styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Eleanor de Vermandois, Countess of Beaumont in charter dated 1184). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of Henry), 41-45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Henry). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: "Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo matito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit."). Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): iv (rare charter of Young Henry dated c.1170, in which he uses the style "rex Angliæ et Dux Normanniæ et Comes Andegaviæ, Regis Henrici filius"). Deville Tornbeaux de la Cathédral de Rotten (1881): 161-162,164-165,210-211. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13 (seal of Henry son of King Henry II dated 1170-1182 - King, enthroned, with sceptre and orb; sides of throne terminate in animals' heads, as on the thrones on the French royal seals. Legend: HENRICVS REX ANGLOR DVX NORMANNOR ET COMES ANDEGAVOR.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "11 Jun. [Obiit] Henricus tertius, rex Anglorum."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591-594, 602. Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382-384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240-241. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224-226. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he "used style rex Anglorum... hence called by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III"). Smith English Episc. Acta 2 Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110-111. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 96-97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297-326 ("the sole associate king in English post-conquest history"). Child of Henry of England, by Margaret of France: a. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born about 19 June 1177, died 22 June 1177. Benedict of Peterborough Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 177 ("Eodem anno [1177] circa clausum Pentecosten, Margareta, guæ, at supradictum est, prægnans abiit ad regem Franciæ patrem suum, peperit filium, et vocatum eat nomen ejus Willelmus, sed infra triduum obiit Parisius ubi natus fuit; et quidam dicebant quod abortivus fuit."). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH XII der Löwe (or HENRY the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich X, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, Holy Roman Emperor], and Wilhelm [Count of Luneburg], and two daughters, Maud and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180, and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Braunschweig (or Brunswick). In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. His wife, Maud, died at Braunschweig 28 June 1189. HEINRICH OF BRAUNSCHWEIG, former Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, died 6 August 1195. He and his wife, Maud, were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69-70. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Green Lives of the Princesses of England 1 (1857): 214-262 (biog. of Matilda of England). Pertz Historici Germania sac. XII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 21) (1869): 115-116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sæc. XII. et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled "kinsman" [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Ströhl Deutsch Wappenrolle (1897): 72. Hohnstein Geschichte des Heroztums Braunschweig (1908): 91-140 (biog. of Heinrich der Löwe). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Waltz Ottonis et Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris (Monumenta Germaniæ Histories, Scriptures rerum Germanicarum 46) (1912): 350 (Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris Appendix sub A.D. 1168: "... nam inter imperatorem et regem Angliæ fedus et amicicia fuit, data filia sua in uxorem Heinrico duci Bawariæ et Saxoniæ."). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 284 (ancestry of Maud of England). Jordan Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Löwen Herzogs von Sachsen and Bayern (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Laienfürsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit) (1941): 51-53 (Gebhard I, Count of Burghausen styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich), 107-108 (Otto VI, Count Palatine of Wittelsbach, afterwards Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepos] by Duke Heinrich), 181-182 (Friedrich II, Count Palatine of Saxony, Count of Sommerschenburg styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich). Foreville L'Eglise et le Royaute en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154-1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Appelt Die Urkunden Friedrichs I. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser 10(1)) (1975): 18-19, 231-233, 347-349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [cognate/cognate] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259-260, 332-335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepotem/nepos] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364-365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [consanguine] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Gens Nostra 46 (1991): 540-541. Kegel Die Jüngere Hildesheimer Briefsammlung (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Die Briefe Der Deutschen Kaiserzeit 7) (1995): 101-102 (letter of Heinrich of Braunschweig to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188), 102-103 (Heinrich of Braunschweig styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] in letter from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Jour. Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379-393. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bayern/heinrich_12_derloewe_herzog_von_bayern_1195_welfen/heinrich_12_der loewe_herzog_von_bayern_und_sachsen_+_1195.html. Children of Maud of England, by Duke Heinrich XII der Löwe: a. OTTO OF BRUNSWICK, 3rd son. He was educated at the court of his uncle, King Richard I of England, under whose experience he gained valuable experience in war. He was appointed Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, and Earl of Yorkshire. When Emperor Henry VI died in Sept. 1197, some of the German princes under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, were anxious to find a rival to Philip, Duke of Swabia, who had been elected German king. Otto married (1st) 22 July 1212 BEATRIX OF HOHENSTAUFEN, daughter of Philip, Duke of Swabia. They had no issue. His wife, Beatrix, died 11 August 1212. He married (2nd) at Aachen 19 May 1214 MARIA OF BRABANT, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Lorraine and Brabant, Margrave of Antwerp, by his 1st wife, Machtild (or Mahaud), daughter and co-heiress of Mathieu of Flanders, Count of Boulogne [see BRABANT 5 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. OTTO IV, late Emperor, died at the Harzburg 19 May 1218, and was buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. His widow, Maria, married (2nd) in July 1220 WILHELM (or WILLEM) I, Count of Holland [see HOLLAND 5]. She died between 9 March and 14 June 1260. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 477-478 (Richard I, King of England, styled "uncle" [avunculus] in charter of Otto, Duke of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 28-29, 87-88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" [nepos] by King John of England). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 37-48 (Otto of Saxony [former Emperor Otto IV] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 57-60 (Otto [IV], late Emperor, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1228). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 290 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1218: "Otho imperator Alemanniæ, nepos Ricardi et Johannis regum obiit."). Piot Cartulaire de l'Abbeye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 199-200 (charter of Henri [II], Duke of Lorraine and Brabant dated 1240, names his "dear sister" [charissima soror], Maria, former Empress of the Romans). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 298-299 ("Eodem anno [1195] Willelmus rex Scottorum ægrotavit, in villa sua quæ dicitur Clacmanan et statuit Othonem filium Henrici ducis Saxoniæ, nepotem Ricardi regis sibi successurum in regnum Scottorum, ita quod ipse Otho filiam suam primogenitam in uxorem cum regno duceret. Et quamvis rex plures haberet qui voluntati suæ in hoc consentirent, tamen comes Patricius et alii multi contradixerunt ..."). Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sac. XII et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 385 (F Gervasii Tilleberiensis Otiis Imperialibus: William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, styled "uncle" [avunculum] of Emperor Otto IV). Doyle Official Baronage of England 3 (1886): 740 (sub York). Thatcher & McNeal Source Book for Mediæval Hist. (1905): 228 (Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" by King John of England in 1202). Hohnstein Geschichte des Herzogtams Braunschweig (1908): 141-149 (biog. of Kaiser Otto IV). Encyclopædia Britannica 20 (1911): 375 (biog. of Otto IV, Roman emperor). Nicholson Love, War & the Grail (2001). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/otto_4_deutscher_koenig_1218_welfen/otto_4_von_ braunschweig_deutscher_koeni8-+_1218.html. b. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF BRUNSWICK, born in 1172. She married (1st) in July 1189 GEOFFREY III, Count of Perche, lord of Toddington, Bedfordshire and Aldbourne and Wanborough, Wiltshire, son of Rotrou III, Count of Perche, by Mathilde, daughter of Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. They had two sons, Geoffrey and Thomas [Count of the Perche]. GEOFFREY III, Count of the Perche, died 5 April 1202. His widow, Maud, married (2nd) before 1203 (as his 1st wife) ENGUERRAND DE COUCY, seigneur of Coucy, and, in right of his wife, Count of the Perche, son and heir of Raoul de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy, by Alix, daughter of Robert I, Count of Dreux. She died in 13 Jan. 1209/10. Placitorum in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservatorum Abbrevatio (1811): 55. Rotuli litterarum patentium in turri Londinensi asservati 1201- 1216 (1834): 18 (Maud, Countess of the Perche, styled "niece" [nepti] by King John of England in 1202). Lepinois & Merlet Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres 2 (1863): 21 (charter of Maud, Countess of Perche, dated June 1202, names her late husband, Geoffrey, and her son, Thomas), 22. Herald & Genealogist 6 (1871): 241- 253 ([Maud], Countess of Perche styled "niece" [neptis] by King John, cites Rot. Normann. p. 87.). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 436-438 (J. de Pertico [Enguerrand de Coucy, Count of the Perche] styled "your kinsman" [consobrinum tuum] in letter from Pope Innocent III to King Philippe Auguste of France in 1203). Money Hist. of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11(1903): 304-305. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 374 (biog. of Geoffrey de Perche). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France: County of the Perche 1000-1226 (2002). Kathleen Thompson "Matilda, countess of the Perche (1171-1210): The expression of authority in name, style and seal" available at www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/crahm/revue/tabularia/thompson.html. iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Cæur-de-Lion or the Iionheart), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice (or Alix) of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother's inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173-4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175-77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry's death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father's orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions, including Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard's marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry's death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BERENGERE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho Vi el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard's journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, whom he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. His second Coronation was solemnised in Winchester Cathedral 17 April 1194. In October 1196 he made peace with Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, renouncing all claims to the county of Toulouse and the subject county of Rouergue; he also returned Quercy and gave the Agenais as part of the dowry for his sister Joan's marriage to Raymond. In 1199, during a minor siege at Chalus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. Following Richard's death, the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire formed part of his widow, Berengere's dower, but she did not enjoy her full tights as indicated by a papal letter to King John in 1209. In 1204 Bérengère ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thoré in Maine. She was co-heiress in 1226 to her cousin, Guillaume, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, Count of Perche. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l'Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l'Epau Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73-80. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1045-1046 (charters of Queen Bérengère of England). Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 12. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 266 (Obit. of Tintem Abbey: "Ricardus Rex Angliæ primus obiit xxvii. die Mardi"; "Berengerus et comitissa soror ejus obiit xxiij. die Decembris."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 313-314. Brequigny Table Chronologique des Diplomes, Charles, Titres et Actes Imprimés concernant l'Histoire de France 4 (1836): 357. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. Ill. the Hist. of Scotland 1(1837): xxviii-xxix (William the lion, King of Scots styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Richard I of England). Archæologia 27 (1838): 109-112. Green Letters of Royal & Ill Ladies (1846): 30-34 (two letters of Bérengère, Queen of England). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Riley Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1853): 120 (Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham, styled "our dearly beloved cousin" by King Richard I). Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21(1855): 604 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): "... Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi"). Migne Innocentii III Romani pontificis opera omnia (Patrologia Ser. Latina 215) (1855): 1538-1539. Arbois de Jubainville Hist. des Ducs et des Comtes de Champagne 5 (1863): 195, 229-230, 238. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Charles 2 (1866): 181-182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled "aunt" [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] "Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de Ella Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus."). Lalore Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Boulancoutt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: "23 Dec. - solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d'Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne"). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 39 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Richard I), 151 (Chronicon Sancti Sergii Andegavensis: death of King Richard I). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147-159. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 447 ([Blanche of Navarre], Countess of Troyes, styled "sister" [sororem] of Queen Bérengère in letter by Pope Innocent III to King John dated 1204). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13-14 (seal of King Richard I - Obverse. King enthroned: closely fitting tunic, loose surcoat with embroidered edges at neck and arms, and cloak. Open crown of three points fleury. In right hand a sword held erect; in left hand an orb topped by a cross fleur-de-lisée. Throne of elaborate pannelled work, of four stages of arcading with intervening head-mouldings, the back splayed away, and footboard enriched with carvings of quatrefoils, and a corbel on seven arches. In the field, on either side of king's head, a crescent enclosing an estoile of seven points wavy. On either side of throne a sprig of the planta genista, or broom. Legend: + RICARDVS DEI GRACIA REX ANGLORVM. Reverse. King on horseback to right. Hauberk and surcoat of mail armour, conical helmet, large broad sword, bowed shield on which a lion rampant contoume. Horse-trappings: head-gear, ornamental saddle and breast-band. Legend: + RICARDVS DVX NORMANNORVM ET AQVITANORVM ET COMES ANDEGAVORVM.). Meyer L'Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338-340, esp. lines 9392-9432 (André de Chauvigny styled "king's kinsman"). Delisle Manuscrits Latins et Français ajoutés aux Fonds des Nouvelles Acquisitions Pendant les Années 1875-1894 2 (1894): 509-510 (Calendrier of Maubuisson Abbey) ("X kal. januarii [23 Dec.]. Obiit Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 556-557 (charter of King Richard I dated 1189-1190); 2 (1897): 179-180. Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 89-90 (William the lion, King of Scotland styled "dearest cousin" by King Richard I of England in 1189), 92-93 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and cousin and liegeman" by King Richard I of England in 1194). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(2) (Recueil des Historiens de la France - Obituaires) (1902): 645 (Abbaye de Port Royal: "x. cal. [23 Dec.]. Ce jour est fait l’anniversaire de Berangarie, royne [1229], et de Blanche, contesse, et non en convent."), 655 (Abbaye de Maubuisson: "[23 Dec.]. x kal. jan. Obiit. Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Lair (Société des Archives Hist. du Maine 6) (1905): 80-81. D.N.B. 16(1909): 1022-1031 (biog. of Richard I: "... He was a stern ruler.., where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault... In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree... He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher... a man of many accomplishments"). Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: "A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale"). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 18-20 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Richard I in 1197). Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174-1328 (1965): 12-14 (William the lion, King of Scotland, styled "kinsman" by King Richard in 1189), 18-19 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and kinsman" [amico et consanguineo] by King Richard in 1194). Paget lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185-198; 23 (1997): 351-365. Bull. Inst. Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157-173. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36-37. Mitchell Berengaria, Enigmatic Queen of England (1986). King & Ridyard Law in Mediæval Life & Thought (Sewanee Mediæal Studies 5) (1990): 21-42. Williamson Kings & Queens of Britain (1991): 55-56,65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 127 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus April [6 April]. Obiit Ricardus Rex Anglie, qui dedit Boscum de Blen cum pertinentiis suis Ecclesie Christi."), 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus Apr. 16 April]. Obiit Richardus rex Angliae."). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37-53; 43 (1999): 79-89. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58,189-200. French Hist. Studies 21 (1998): 517-542. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart's Queen (1999): 23 (Queen Bérengère's "long years of widowhood" reveal "a strong, courageous woman, independent, solitary, battling against difficult political and economic circumstances, with little interest in the trappings of a courtly existence, sustained by her faith in Christ and her royalty to the See of St Peter, not afraid to assert her rights against powerful enemies, both lay and clerical."), 183 (Queen Bérengère styled "kinswoman" by King Louis IX of France). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 97,105. Online resources: www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm. Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, ___: a. PHILIP FITZ ROY (otherwise PHILIP DE COGNAC), in right of his wife, of Cognac, Merpins, and Jarnac. He married AMELIE DE COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Adémar, Count of Angouleme, did homage to him in 1194, and also after his father's death. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father's death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Bull. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de l'Ouest et des Musées de Poitiers 12 (1845): 415. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464-465 ("In the same year [A.D. 11991, Philip, bastard son of Richard, king of England, to whom the said king, his father, had given the castle and the manor of Cuinac, slew the before-named viscount of Limoges, in revenge for his father."). Comptes d'Alphonse de Poitiers (Archives Hist. du Poitou 4) (1875): 21-22 ("... Tempore domini comids Pictavensis Henrici, qui fuit rex Anglie, quittavit pater comitis Audomaris Engolismensis, in aula Pictavensi, Bardon, dominum Coignyaci, de homagio quod petebat ab ipso de Coygnyaco, et eo presente et concedente, fecit homagium dominus Coygnyaci domini comiti Pictavensi, de Cognyaco et pertinentiis; et credo quod adhuc vivunt multi qui hoc viderunt. Filius dicti domini Cognyaci fecit similiter homagium Richardo Pictavensi, de Coygnyaco et pertinentiis; quo domino Cognyaci mortuo, dedit rex Richardus comes Pictavensis dominam Amellyam unicam heredem Coygnyaci, quam habebat in ballo, ratione comitatus Pictavensis, in uxorem cuidam filio suo notho, scilicet Philippo de Coygnyaco; qua defuncta sine liberis, tenuit dictus comes Richardus dictum castrum et eum tradidit Roberto de Torniant, senescallo suo Pictavensis."). Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes 1 (1883): 271. Boissonade Quomodo Comites Engolismenses ega Reges Anglia, et Francia se Gesserint 1152- 1328 (1893). Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330. Furness I. & Death of King John (1919): 6-9. Boissonade L'Ascension, le Déclin et la Chute d'un Grand Etat Féodal du Centre-Ouest: Les Taillefer et les Lusignans (Bull. et Méms. de la Soc. Arch. et Hist. de la Charente) (1935). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 ("Philipp° f[ilio] R. Richardi"). Martin-Civat Les Seigneuties de Cognac, Jarnac et Metpins dons l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XIIe et XIIIe Siècle (Congrès des Socs. Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956). Henderson Richard Coeur de Lion (1959): 242. Shakespeare Quarterly 11 (1960): 137-146. Powicke Loss of Normandy (1961): 32-33. Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274-275. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102. Le Château Royal of Cognac (Mems./Institut d'Hist. et d'Arch. de Cognac et du Cognaçais) 2 (1972): 5. Shakespeare Studies (1976): 59-70. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126-127, 179. Debord La Soc. Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente Xe-XlIe Siècle (1984): 486-488. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 769 (sub Limoges). Evergates Feudal Soc. in Medieval France (1993): 58-59. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58. Bernard et al. Hist. du Poitou et des Pays Charentais (2001): 151. Erickson Royal Panoply: Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (2006): 46. v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 (by dispensation, they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY [see BRITTANY 6], daughter and heiress of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland [see BRITTANY 5 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1162. They had three children (see below). In 1178 he was knighted at Woodstock by his father. In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Notre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH, Earl of Chester [see CHESTER 5.i], Judge in the King's Court, 1193, Constable of Sermilly Castle, 1201-4, Constable of the Tower of Avranches, 1203, Warden of the Peak Castle and Forest, 1215, Steward of the Town and Honour of Lancaster, 1216-23, Constable of Fotheringay Castle, 1221-2, Steward of the Honour of Leicester, 1222, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, son and heir of Hugh, Earl of Chester, hereditary Vicomte of Avranches, by Bertrade, daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux, seigneur of Montfort-l'Amaury [see CHESTER 5 for his ancestry]. They had no issue. In 1196 Ranulph captured Constance en route to her 6n5li7ing negotiations with King Richard I and confined her at Benvron for at least a year. Soon after her release, she sought the annulment of their marriage which was granted in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. She married (3rd) before October 1199 (as his 1st wife) GUY DE THOUARS [see BRITTANY 6], in right of his 1st wife, Count (or Duke) of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars, by his wife, Aumur (or Aumou) [see AQUITAINE 3.ii.a for his ancestry]. They had three daughters, Alix (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond), Marguerite, and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was buried at Villeneuve. In 1202 he joined King Philippe Augustus, and his English lands were confiscated. He served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) EUSTACHE DE MAULEON, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d'Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre de Chemillé, Knt. [seigneur of Chemille, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas de Chemillé, Knt. In October 1203 he was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. In 1206 King Philippe Auguste of France granted him le Broherec, la Cornouaille, and le Pouher. GUY DE THOUARS died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) RENAUD DE MAULEVRIER. She was living in 1244. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67-68. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1333 (abstract of charter of Guy de Thouars dated 1208 naming his mother, Aumuz, and his wife, [Constance] Countess of Brittany). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1(1725): 445-461 (sub Bretagne). Morice Méms. pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 37-38, 822 (dower of Katherine of Brittany, wife of André III de Vitré), 912-913, 917, 919-920 (instances of Pierre de Chemillé styled "uncle" [avunculus] by Jean, Duke of Brittany, in 1238, 1240, 1241), 930-931 (Thomas de Chemillé styled "brother" [fratri] by Pierre de Chemillé). Morice Histoire Ecclésiastique et Civil de Bretagne 1 (1750): xvii-xviii (Counts of Penthievre ped). Banks Dormant & Extinct Baronage of England 1 (1807): 218-220. Hanshall Hut. of the County Palatine of Chester (1823): 21-23. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 325 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated 1230), 574-575 (Jerveaux Abbey - Genealogy of the Counts of Richmond). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 247-249. Extracta e Vanis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 70 ("Henricus, regis Dauid filius, comes Huntyntoune et Northumbrie vxorem duxit Adam filiam Willelmi senioris, sororis Willelmi junioris comitis de Warenna, et sororem comitis Roberti Legecesterensis, et Walranni comitis de Melent, cuius mater fait soror Rodulphi comitis de Perona, regis Francorum Ludouici consanguinea, ex qua suscepit tres inclitos filios Genuit eciam idem princeps Henricus totidem Elias ex uxore sua predicta Ada, scilicet, Adam, que lege conjugii tradita est comiti Holandie Fiorentino: secundam, Margaretam Conano duci Britannie comiti de Richmonth nuptam, ex qua genuit filiam nomine Constanciam Gaufrido, comiti Ancligauie, fratri regis Anglie Richardi Primi, disponsatam, de qua Gaufridus genuit alum nomine Arthurum, postea in mare mersum, vnam eciam filiam, Aleciam nomine, que a Petro Mauclerk concepit et peperit filium, normna Johannem, postea ducem Britannie, et aliam filiani nomine Alienoram, que cum Arthuro fratre in mare periit."). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 365-369 (re. Thouars fam.). Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbaris 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 207. Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Geoffrey). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 35 (1874): 8-9 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5 (seal of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond dated 1185 - Le duc à cheval, vêtu du haubert, coiffé d'un heaume a timbre arrondi; lance au gonfanon. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS DVX BRI Revers: Le duc à cheval, couvert d'un immense bouclier, brandissant son épée. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS COMES RICHEMVNDIE), 5-6 (undated seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond - Dame debout, coiffée en tresses, revêtue d'un sur ___ ajusté du corsage, des hanches et des bras, at recouvert d'une chape, un faucon sur le poing, en fleuron dans la main droite. [Légende:]* CONSTANCIA DVCISS … [COM]ITISSA RICH[EMUN]DIE). Ormerod Hist. of the County Palatine & City of Chester 1 (1882): 33-41. Robertson Materials for the Hist. of Thomas Becket 6 (Rolls Ser. 67) (1882): 170-174. Bull & Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Département d'Ille-et-Vilaine 17 (1885): 370-371, 371-372 (charter dated 1182-85 of Geoffrey son of King Henry, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richmond; charter granted with consent of his wife, Constance), 373 (charter dated 1183-86 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to the church of Rouen), 374- 376 (charter dated 1187 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 376-377 (charter dated 1189 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 377-378 (charter dated 1193 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Melaine of Rennes Abbey), 379-380 (charter dated 1198 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond), 380-381 (charter dated 1199 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Notre Dame près Aurai Priory), 383-384 (charter dated 1199-1201 of Guy de Thouars, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond and his wife, Constance, Duchess of Brittany to Melerai Abbey), 384-387 (foundation charter dated 1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond for Villeneuve Abbey), 387 (charter dated 1187-1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Buzai Abbey), 388-390, 391-392 (charter dated 1205 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the monks of Villeneuve), 394-397 (charter dated 1207 by Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the canons of Nantes), 397-406, 406-407 (charter dated 1212 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany), 408, 409 (charter dated 1201-13 of Guy, Duke of Brittany to the nuns of Saint-Sulpice les Rennes). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 365-366 (sub Chester); 3 (1886): 107-109 (sub Richmond). Annales Cestrienses (Lanc. & Cheshire Rec. Soc. 14) (1887): 40-41 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1188: "Rannulphus comes cestrie Cui etiam dedit Henricus rex anglie in uxorem relictam v Kl. [recte Galfridi filii sui] Cui comitissam britannie filia Alani [recte Conant] Comitis britannie nominee Constancia et toto comittatu de Richemund quam ipse comes Cestrie Rannulphus desponsavit in die Sancte Werburge virginis, id est, tertia nonas Februarii [3 Feb.] apud ..."), 46 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1200: "Rannulphus comes Cestrie desponsavit uxorem filiam Radulphi de Feugis, nomine Clementiam, relicta comitissa Britannie, nomine Constancia."). La Borderie Recueil d’Actes Inédits des Ducs et Princes de Bretagne (XIe, XIIe, XIIIe Siecles) (1888). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 378 (seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond dated 1190-1198 - Pointed oval. To the right. Standing, with tightly-fitting dress, long fur-lined cloak fastened at the throat, in the right hand a lily-flower, on the left hand a hawk with long jesses.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Gaufridus comes."). Rosenzweig Cartulaire général de Morbihan 1 (1895): 190-191 (charter of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, dated between 1182-1183). Inventaire Sommaire des Archives Départementales antérieures a 1790, Loire-Inférieure 2(2) Ser. C & D (1898): 147. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 220 (Livre d'Anniversaires des XIVe-XVe Siedes: "18 August - [Obiit] Gaufridi, comitis Britanie [1186]."). Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 531-532. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 355. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 58-70. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103-106, 371-372 (biog. of Geoffrey Fitz Roy, Count of Brittany). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 441-458. Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 195 (chart). Le Moyen Age 35 (1924-5): 63-70. Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Peds. (1925): 11 (ped. of Earls of Chester). Brunel et al. Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 2 (1943): 542. C.P. 10 (1945): 780 (chart), 794-805 (sub Richmond). Annales de Bretagne 53 (1946), 1-27. Painter Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). BIHR 50 (1977): 112-115. Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 2 (1981): 13 (seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated c.1200 - A shield of arms: a lion passant. Legend: + SIGILLVM [R]A[NVF]I COMMS CESTRIE). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as "a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler"). Hist. Research 63 (1990): 1-16. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 45-47. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany & her Fam. (1999). Everard Brittany & the Angevins (2000). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 347-360. Jones Between France & England (2003): 38-40. Wheeler & Parsons Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 101. Richard Eales, `Ranulf (HI), sixth earl of Chester and first earl of Lincoln (1170-1232)', in Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (2004). Bull & Léglu World of Eleanor of Aquitaine (2005). Guéraud Contribution a "Etude du Processus coutumier au Moyen Age (2008): 250 (charter of Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, dated after 1173 names his mother, Aumou, his wife Sibyl; his brothers, Guy, Hugues, Geoffroi, and Raymond; and his sisters, Marie and Amabil), 251 (chart), 305. Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany: a. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182-4.She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold's death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 October 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wiltshire. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 ("commonly called The Damsel of Britain"). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Green Letters of Royal & Ill. Ladies (1846): 24-27 ("The ac	Raymond VI (I7164)
6016	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1133. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, at Whitsuntide 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ALIENOR) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine [see FRANCE 6] (divorced 21 March 1152), and daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Aénor, daughter of Amaury (or Aimery) I, Vicomte of Châtellerault [see AQUITAINE 4 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud [Abbess of Barking]. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen's heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the "Angevin empire" (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. In 1158 he confirmed a treaty with King Louis VII of France involving the marriage of Henry's son to the French king's daughter. In the summer of 1159 he launched an unsuccessful expedition against Toulouse, which he claimed as Duke of Aquitaine. His reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connacht, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king's bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Poitiers (Vienne), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried in the church of the Abbey of Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire). Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1st marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France [see FRANCE 6], namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes) [see BLOIS 4] and Alix of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France [see WYDEVILLE 4]. References: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20 (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules at de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France, etc.); 13 (1869): 308 i (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703,708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines); 19 (1880): 336-337. Schwennicke Europæische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquataine: Lord & Lady (2003). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59-72. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1128 (Agnes de Barbezillo styled "aunt" famital of Queen Eleanor [of Aquitaine), wife of King Louis WI of France). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 17 (Kalendar of Obits: "II Non. Julius [6 July]. Obitus Henrici Regis Anglie, filie Matildis."). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1725): 76-77. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7-10, 10-12 (will of King Henry II). L'Art de Vérifier les Dates 2 (1784): 348-365 (sub Comtes de Poitiers, Ducs de Aquitaine). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1786): 190 (Ex Radulfi de Diceto: Ralph de Fay styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1 (1) (1816): 81-82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William [Fitz Roy], 4th Earl of Surrey (or Warenne), styled "kinsman" [cognati] by King Henry II). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1-4 (will of King Henry II of England). Gray Scalacronica (1836): 278 (Ermengarde de Beaumont, wife of William the Lion, King of Scots styled "cousin" [cosyn] of King Henry II of England). Historiæ Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (Surtees Soc. 9) (1839): Appendix, pg. 1, charter no. xixii (Hugh [du Puiset], Bishop of Durham, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 304-378 (biog. of Eleanora of Aquitaine). Pertz Chronica et Annales ævi Salui (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 6) (1844): (Roberti de Monte Cronica [Robert de Torigni]): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled "aunt" [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled "kinsman" [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled "kinsman" on the part of King Henry II's mother, Empress Maud), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "kinsman" [cognate]; Earl Hugh's wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Evreux "kinswoman" [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II's father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinsman" [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [cognate]); 27(1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinswoman" by King Henry II). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851) 18-19. Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 245 (Annals of Waverley sub AD. 1188 - Baldwin [de Revers], Earl of Cornwall, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry II). Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 372 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars styled "your cousin and our's" [votre cousin et au notre] by queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in letter to her son, King John dated 1200-1201; also see Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chattes 32 (1871): 412-413). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 33 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Henry II), 46 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of King Henry II). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled "kinsman" of King Henry II; see Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 83, footnote 1). Grasilier Cartulaires Inédits de la Saintonge 2: Cartulaire de l'Abbaye Royale de Notre-Dame de Saintes (1871): 13-16, 19-21, 35-36, 36 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France dated 1151 names her "sister” [sororis], Aelith), 37, 51 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France, dated 1140 names her "aunt" [amite], Agnes [de Barbezieux], Abbess of Saintes; charter witnessed by Aelith, "sister" [sorore] of Queen Eleanor), 52, 78. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 192 (birth of King Henry II); 2 (1873): 7 (sub A.D. 1168: Mathieu, Count of Boulogne, styled "kinsman" [cognatum] of King Henry II of England). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Set.) (1874): 285 (Ralph de Pale styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Montzey Hist. de is Fliche 1 (1877): 137-146. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 426, 439 (Chron. of Geoffrey Vosiensis: Sarah daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall and wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] of King Henry II of England). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 15 (1878): 767-768 (P[etrus Raimundi], Abbot of Saint Maxent, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in letters dated 1161). Eyton Court, Household & Intinerary of King Henry II (1878): 8 (Henry [de Sully], Abbot of Fécamp, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Stubbs Hist. Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1879): 93 (birth of King Henry II), 140-141 (David I, King of Scots, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] of King Henry II of England). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). Bain Cal. Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15-17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of Queen Eleanor). Hart Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia 1 (1884): 106 (Silvio de Cresto styled "queen's kinsman" [nepoti Regina]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 10-13 (seal of King Henry II - Obverse. King enthroned, holding sword and orb; generally ressembling the obverse of seals of Henry I. and Stephen, but with differences in arches on front of throne, and in the various proportions. Legend: + HENRICVS DEI • G[RATIA] • REX ANGLORUM. Four small points in cross placed as a stop between the words. Reverse. King on a horse to the right; hauberk, continuous coif, and chausses of chain-mail, here represented by rings. Conical helmet with nasal. Shield secured by strap passing round king's neck, and fastened by a ring into inner surface of leather. In right hand a long sword; in left hand the short strap of shield and reins. Horse's head-gear composed of chain-work. Legend: + HENR : DEI : GRA : DVX : NORM: [ ] ET : AQVIT : ET: COM : ANDEG.). Christie Annales Cestrienses (1887): 29-35 (Bertrade of Evreux, wife of Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "cousin" of King Henry II in chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164-1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled "kinswoman" [cognate] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). Gross Gild Merchant 2 (1890): 28-29 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem 1(1894): 108, 125-128, 180-181, 312, 470-471, 480-482, 519, 527, 567-568; 2 (1897): 18-19. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "7 Jul. [Obiit] Henricus secundus, rex Anglorum."). Archives Hist. de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6-7 (charter of Eleanor). Beauchet-Filleau Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des Families du Poitou 2 (1895): 320 ("L'obituaire de Fontevrault place son décès le jour des ides de janvier. Dnus Radulfus princeps de Faia, avunculus Dnæ Alienordis Reginae. (bat. 54802 89.)) (author identifies Ralph de Fay as son of Aimery I, Vicomte of Châtellerault). Wigram Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford 2 (1896): 116 (Empress Maud styled "sister" [soror] and her son, Henry [afterwards King Henry II of England] styled "nephew" [nepos] by Robert Fitz Roy, Earl of Gloucester in charter dated c.1142). Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Andre de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England, and her son, King John, in letter dated 1199). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 69 (grant by King Henry II dated 1186-9). Broussillon Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers 2 (1903): 84 (Raoul [de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "dearest kinsman" [charissimus cognatus] in letter by King Henry II of England). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78-93; 42 (1927): 569-572; 74 (1959): 193-213; 110 (1995): 652-655. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 104-105 (Mary, Abbess of Romsey, styled "kinswoman" [cognata/cognatam] by King Henry II). Jeayes Desc. Cat. Derbyshire Charters (1906): 244 (Maud [of Gloucester], Countess of Chester, styled "kinswoman" [cognata] by King Henry II in charter dated ?1175). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593-596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452-463 (biog. of Henry II: "... his nature was full of passion... [he] was a great builder... Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign... probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day... genius for government"). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie (1909): 352-354 (biog. of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England: "Un des recueils de Gaignières (ms. latin 5419, p. 80) nous a conservé l'image de sceau dont elle continua a se servir pendant son veuvage. C'est un long sceau allongé et pointu sot lequel elle est représentée debout, tenant on oiseau sur la main gauche; il ne subsistait que la dernière partie de la légende: NORMANORVM DUCISSA ET ANDEGAVIE COMITISSA. Il y a aux Auxives nationales, attaché a one charte de l'année 1199, on exemplaire mutile de ce même sceau."). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184-1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 ([Maud de Bohun], wife of Juhel de Mayenne, styled "neptis Regis" [kinswoman of King Henry II]). Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled "king's kinsman" in 1188), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see also Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; Round Cal Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II; see also Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1846): 142; Méms. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de Picardie 47 (1936): 182-184 (Eustache's mother named in charter as Isabel); Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XIe-XIIIe Siècle) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l'Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191-192 (Eustache named in charter as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavene, Count of Saint-Pol)]. Delisle & Berger Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre, Duc de Normandie 3 (1927): 136 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), ([Raoul de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Chartrou-Charbonnel L'Anjou de 1109 à 1151: Foulque de Jérusalem et Geoffroi Plantegenêt (1928). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 253 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Speculum 30 (1955): 374-384. Boussard Le Gouvernement d'Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32-33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153-156. Genealogists' Mag. 14 (1964): 361-368. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154 3 (1968). Charles Evans "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany," in Mélanges Offerts à Szaboles de Vajay à l'Occasion de Son Cinquitième Anniversaire (1971): 187-191 (Margery [de Bohun], wife of Pedro Manrique, Count of Lara, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II). Warren Henry II (1973): 216 (Roger [of Gloucester], Bishop of Worcester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II, cites William FitzStephen, III, 103-106). Kibler Eleanor of Aquitaine, Patron & Politcian (1976). Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14-15. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420-1920) (1977): 188-189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3(4) (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 2 (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II] later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Hanna Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89-90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321-336. Tyerman England & the Crusades 1095-1588 (1988): 48 ([Baldwin IV], King of Jerusalem, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II). Williamson Kings & Oueens of Britain (1991): 52-55 (biog. of Henry II:"... a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined.., well-grounded in law and history... undoubtedly a great king"), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Amt Accession of Henry II in England (1993). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "3 Kal. [Apr.] [30 March]. [Obiit] Alienor regina Anglie."). Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Church Medieval Knighthood V. Papers from the 66 Strawberry Hill Conf. 1994 (1995): 68. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Viator 27 (1996): 53 et seq. Vincent et al. Acta of Henry II & Richard 12 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67-69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled "king's kinsman'). Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England (1999). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Anglo-Norman Studies 23 (2001): 143-154. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Hanna Christchurch Priory Cartulary (Hampshire Rec. Ser. 18) (2007): 124 (Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II in charter dated 1154-71). Harper-Bill Henry II: New Interpretations (2007). Hosier Henry II (2007): 54. Cornwall Rec. Office: Arundell of Lanherne & Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert [Fitz Count], son of [Robert Fitz Roy], Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Online resource: The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm). Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153. He died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about 25 Dec. 1156, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65-66. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 434-435 (undated charter of King Henry II dated at Reading to Hurley Priory, Berkshire made for the health of the souls of his late son, William, and his grandfather, King Henry I). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Matthew of Paris Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum 1 (Rolls Set. 44) (1866): 307 (sub A.D. 1157: "In Adventu autem infirmatus Willelmus, primogenitus regis Henrici, obiit, diebus hujus anni scilicet Nataliciis; under dissentio est, utrum hoc vel anno praeterito obierit. Sepultus est autem apud Radingum."). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of William). Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34 (sub A.D. 1156: "Obiit Guillermus, primogenitus filius Henrici regis Anglorum, et sepultus est Radingis ad pedes Henrici regis, proavi sui."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hirst. (1872). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled "the Young King"), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or is Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. They had one son, William. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173-74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) BELA III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama [see HUNGARY 8], son of Geza II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama, by his wife, Euphrosine, daughter of Mstislav II the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. He was born about 1148. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following the death of her husband, Bela III, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66-67. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam of England (1851): 18-19. Douet-D'Arcq Historiques et Critiques sur les Anciens Comtes de Beaumont-sur-Oise (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie: Docs. Inédits 4) (1855): 50-51 (Henry the Young King of England styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Eleanor de Vermandois, Countess of Beaumont in charter dated 1184). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of Henry), 41-45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Henry). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: "Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo matito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit."). Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): iv (rare charter of Young Henry dated c.1170, in which he uses the style "rex Angliæ et Dux Normanniæ et Comes Andegaviæ, Regis Henrici filius"). Deville Tornbeaux de la Cathédral de Rotten (1881): 161-162,164-165,210-211. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13 (seal of Henry son of King Henry II dated 1170-1182 - King, enthroned, with sceptre and orb; sides of throne terminate in animals' heads, as on the thrones on the French royal seals. Legend: HENRICVS REX ANGLOR DVX NORMANNOR ET COMES ANDEGAVOR.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "11 Jun. [Obiit] Henricus tertius, rex Anglorum."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591-594, 602. Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382-384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240-241. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224-226. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he "used style rex Anglorum... hence called by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III"). Smith English Episc. Acta 2 Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110-111. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 96-97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297-326 ("the sole associate king in English post-conquest history"). Child of Henry of England, by Margaret of France: a. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born about 19 June 1177, died 22 June 1177. Benedict of Peterborough Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 177 ("Eodem anno [1177] circa clausum Pentecosten, Margareta, guæ, at supradictum est, prægnans abiit ad regem Franciæ patrem suum, peperit filium, et vocatum eat nomen ejus Willelmus, sed infra triduum obiit Parisius ubi natus fuit; et quidam dicebant quod abortivus fuit."). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH XII der Löwe (or HENRY the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich X, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, Holy Roman Emperor], and Wilhelm [Count of Luneburg], and two daughters, Maud and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180, and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Braunschweig (or Brunswick). In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. His wife, Maud, died at Braunschweig 28 June 1189. HEINRICH OF BRAUNSCHWEIG, former Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, died 6 August 1195. He and his wife, Maud, were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69-70. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Green Lives of the Princesses of England 1 (1857): 214-262 (biog. of Matilda of England). Pertz Historici Germania sac. XII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 21) (1869): 115-116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sæc. XII. et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled "kinsman" [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Ströhl Deutsch Wappenrolle (1897): 72. Hohnstein Geschichte des Heroztums Braunschweig (1908): 91-140 (biog. of Heinrich der Löwe). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Waltz Ottonis et Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris (Monumenta Germaniæ Histories, Scriptures rerum Germanicarum 46) (1912): 350 (Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris Appendix sub A.D. 1168: "... nam inter imperatorem et regem Angliæ fedus et amicicia fuit, data filia sua in uxorem Heinrico duci Bawariæ et Saxoniæ."). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 284 (ancestry of Maud of England). Jordan Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Löwen Herzogs von Sachsen and Bayern (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Laienfürsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit) (1941): 51-53 (Gebhard I, Count of Burghausen styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich), 107-108 (Otto VI, Count Palatine of Wittelsbach, afterwards Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepos] by Duke Heinrich), 181-182 (Friedrich II, Count Palatine of Saxony, Count of Sommerschenburg styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich). Foreville L'Eglise et le Royaute en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154-1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Appelt Die Urkunden Friedrichs I. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser 10(1)) (1975): 18-19, 231-233, 347-349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [cognate/cognate] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259-260, 332-335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepotem/nepos] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364-365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [consanguine] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Gens Nostra 46 (1991): 540-541. Kegel Die Jüngere Hildesheimer Briefsammlung (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Die Briefe Der Deutschen Kaiserzeit 7) (1995): 101-102 (letter of Heinrich of Braunschweig to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188), 102-103 (Heinrich of Braunschweig styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] in letter from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Jour. Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379-393. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bayern/heinrich_12_derloewe_herzog_von_bayern_1195_welfen/heinrich_12_der loewe_herzog_von_bayern_und_sachsen_+_1195.html. Children of Maud of England, by Duke Heinrich XII der Löwe: a. OTTO OF BRUNSWICK, 3rd son. He was educated at the court of his uncle, King Richard I of England, under whose experience he gained valuable experience in war. He was appointed Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, and Earl of Yorkshire. When Emperor Henry VI died in Sept. 1197, some of the German princes under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, were anxious to find a rival to Philip, Duke of Swabia, who had been elected German king. Otto married (1st) 22 July 1212 BEATRIX OF HOHENSTAUFEN, daughter of Philip, Duke of Swabia. They had no issue. His wife, Beatrix, died 11 August 1212. He married (2nd) at Aachen 19 May 1214 MARIA OF BRABANT, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Lorraine and Brabant, Margrave of Antwerp, by his 1st wife, Machtild (or Mahaud), daughter and co-heiress of Mathieu of Flanders, Count of Boulogne [see BRABANT 5 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. OTTO IV, late Emperor, died at the Harzburg 19 May 1218, and was buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. His widow, Maria, married (2nd) in July 1220 WILHELM (or WILLEM) I, Count of Holland [see HOLLAND 5]. She died between 9 March and 14 June 1260. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 477-478 (Richard I, King of England, styled "uncle" [avunculus] in charter of Otto, Duke of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 28-29, 87-88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" [nepos] by King John of England). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 37-48 (Otto of Saxony [former Emperor Otto IV] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 57-60 (Otto [IV], late Emperor, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1228). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 290 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1218: "Otho imperator Alemanniæ, nepos Ricardi et Johannis regum obiit."). Piot Cartulaire de l'Abbeye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 199-200 (charter of Henri [II], Duke of Lorraine and Brabant dated 1240, names his "dear sister" [charissima soror], Maria, former Empress of the Romans). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 298-299 ("Eodem anno [1195] Willelmus rex Scottorum ægrotavit, in villa sua quæ dicitur Clacmanan et statuit Othonem filium Henrici ducis Saxoniæ, nepotem Ricardi regis sibi successurum in regnum Scottorum, ita quod ipse Otho filiam suam primogenitam in uxorem cum regno duceret. Et quamvis rex plures haberet qui voluntati suæ in hoc consentirent, tamen comes Patricius et alii multi contradixerunt ..."). Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sac. XII et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 385 (F Gervasii Tilleberiensis Otiis Imperialibus: William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, styled "uncle" [avunculum] of Emperor Otto IV). Doyle Official Baronage of England 3 (1886): 740 (sub York). Thatcher & McNeal Source Book for Mediæval Hist. (1905): 228 (Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" by King John of England in 1202). Hohnstein Geschichte des Herzogtams Braunschweig (1908): 141-149 (biog. of Kaiser Otto IV). Encyclopædia Britannica 20 (1911): 375 (biog. of Otto IV, Roman emperor). Nicholson Love, War & the Grail (2001). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/otto_4_deutscher_koenig_1218_welfen/otto_4_von_ braunschweig_deutscher_koeni8-+_1218.html. b. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF BRUNSWICK, born in 1172. She married (1st) in July 1189 GEOFFREY III, Count of Perche, lord of Toddington, Bedfordshire and Aldbourne and Wanborough, Wiltshire, son of Rotrou III, Count of Perche, by Mathilde, daughter of Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. They had two sons, Geoffrey and Thomas [Count of the Perche]. GEOFFREY III, Count of the Perche, died 5 April 1202. His widow, Maud, married (2nd) before 1203 (as his 1st wife) ENGUERRAND DE COUCY, seigneur of Coucy, and, in right of his wife, Count of the Perche, son and heir of Raoul de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy, by Alix, daughter of Robert I, Count of Dreux. She died in 13 Jan. 1209/10. Placitorum in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservatorum Abbrevatio (1811): 55. Rotuli litterarum patentium in turri Londinensi asservati 1201- 1216 (1834): 18 (Maud, Countess of the Perche, styled "niece" [nepti] by King John of England in 1202). Lepinois & Merlet Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres 2 (1863): 21 (charter of Maud, Countess of Perche, dated June 1202, names her late husband, Geoffrey, and her son, Thomas), 22. Herald & Genealogist 6 (1871): 241- 253 ([Maud], Countess of Perche styled "niece" [neptis] by King John, cites Rot. Normann. p. 87.). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 436-438 (J. de Pertico [Enguerrand de Coucy, Count of the Perche] styled "your kinsman" [consobrinum tuum] in letter from Pope Innocent III to King Philippe Auguste of France in 1203). Money Hist. of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11(1903): 304-305. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 374 (biog. of Geoffrey de Perche). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France: County of the Perche 1000-1226 (2002). Kathleen Thompson "Matilda, countess of the Perche (1171-1210): The expression of authority in name, style and seal" available at www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/crahm/revue/tabularia/thompson.html. iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Cæur-de-Lion or the Iionheart), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice (or Alix) of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother's inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173-4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175-77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry's death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father's orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions, including Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard's marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry's death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BERENGERE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho Vi el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard's journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, whom he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. His second Coronation was solemnised in Winchester Cathedral 17 April 1194. In October 1196 he made peace with Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, renouncing all claims to the county of Toulouse and the subject county of Rouergue; he also returned Quercy and gave the Agenais as part of the dowry for his sister Joan's marriage to Raymond. In 1199, during a minor siege at Chalus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. Following Richard's death, the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire formed part of his widow, Berengere's dower, but she did not enjoy her full tights as indicated by a papal letter to King John in 1209. In 1204 Bérengère ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thoré in Maine. She was co-heiress in 1226 to her cousin, Guillaume, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, Count of Perche. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l'Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l'Epau Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73-80. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1045-1046 (charters of Queen Bérengère of England). Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 12. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 266 (Obit. of Tintem Abbey: "Ricardus Rex Angliæ primus obiit xxvii. die Mardi"; "Berengerus et comitissa soror ejus obiit xxiij. die Decembris."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 313-314. Brequigny Table Chronologique des Diplomes, Charles, Titres et Actes Imprimés concernant l'Histoire de France 4 (1836): 357. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. Ill. the Hist. of Scotland 1(1837): xxviii-xxix (William the lion, King of Scots styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Richard I of England). Archæologia 27 (1838): 109-112. Green Letters of Royal & Ill Ladies (1846): 30-34 (two letters of Bérengère, Queen of England). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Riley Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1853): 120 (Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham, styled "our dearly beloved cousin" by King Richard I). Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21(1855): 604 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): "... Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi"). Migne Innocentii III Romani pontificis opera omnia (Patrologia Ser. Latina 215) (1855): 1538-1539. Arbois de Jubainville Hist. des Ducs et des Comtes de Champagne 5 (1863): 195, 229-230, 238. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Charles 2 (1866): 181-182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled "aunt" [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] "Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de Ella Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus."). Lalore Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Boulancoutt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: "23 Dec. - solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d'Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne"). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 39 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Richard I), 151 (Chronicon Sancti Sergii Andegavensis: death of King Richard I). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147-159. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 447 ([Blanche of Navarre], Countess of Troyes, styled "sister" [sororem] of Queen Bérengère in letter by Pope Innocent III to King John dated 1204). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13-14 (seal of King Richard I - Obverse. King enthroned: closely fitting tunic, loose surcoat with embroidered edges at neck and arms, and cloak. Open crown of three points fleury. In right hand a sword held erect; in left hand an orb topped by a cross fleur-de-lisée. Throne of elaborate pannelled work, of four stages of arcading with intervening head-mouldings, the back splayed away, and footboard enriched with carvings of quatrefoils, and a corbel on seven arches. In the field, on either side of king's head, a crescent enclosing an estoile of seven points wavy. On either side of throne a sprig of the planta genista, or broom. Legend: + RICARDVS DEI GRACIA REX ANGLORVM. Reverse. King on horseback to right. Hauberk and surcoat of mail armour, conical helmet, large broad sword, bowed shield on which a lion rampant contoume. Horse-trappings: head-gear, ornamental saddle and breast-band. Legend: + RICARDVS DVX NORMANNORVM ET AQVITANORVM ET COMES ANDEGAVORVM.). Meyer L'Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338-340, esp. lines 9392-9432 (André de Chauvigny styled "king's kinsman"). Delisle Manuscrits Latins et Français ajoutés aux Fonds des Nouvelles Acquisitions Pendant les Années 1875-1894 2 (1894): 509-510 (Calendrier of Maubuisson Abbey) ("X kal. januarii [23 Dec.]. Obiit Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 556-557 (charter of King Richard I dated 1189-1190); 2 (1897): 179-180. Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 89-90 (William the lion, King of Scotland styled "dearest cousin" by King Richard I of England in 1189), 92-93 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and cousin and liegeman" by King Richard I of England in 1194). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(2) (Recueil des Historiens de la France - Obituaires) (1902): 645 (Abbaye de Port Royal: "x. cal. [23 Dec.]. Ce jour est fait l’anniversaire de Berangarie, royne [1229], et de Blanche, contesse, et non en convent."), 655 (Abbaye de Maubuisson: "[23 Dec.]. x kal. jan. Obiit. Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Lair (Société des Archives Hist. du Maine 6) (1905): 80-81. D.N.B. 16(1909): 1022-1031 (biog. of Richard I: "... He was a stern ruler.., where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault... In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree... He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher... a man of many accomplishments"). Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: "A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale"). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 18-20 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Richard I in 1197). Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174-1328 (1965): 12-14 (William the lion, King of Scotland, styled "kinsman" by King Richard in 1189), 18-19 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and kinsman" [amico et consanguineo] by King Richard in 1194). Paget lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185-198; 23 (1997): 351-365. Bull. Inst. Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157-173. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36-37. Mitchell Berengaria, Enigmatic Queen of England (1986). King & Ridyard Law in Mediæval Life & Thought (Sewanee Mediæal Studies 5) (1990): 21-42. Williamson Kings & Queens of Britain (1991): 55-56,65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 127 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus April [6 April]. Obiit Ricardus Rex Anglie, qui dedit Boscum de Blen cum pertinentiis suis Ecclesie Christi."), 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus Apr. 16 April]. Obiit Richardus rex Angliae."). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37-53; 43 (1999): 79-89. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58,189-200. French Hist. Studies 21 (1998): 517-542. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart's Queen (1999): 23 (Queen Bérengère's "long years of widowhood" reveal "a strong, courageous woman, independent, solitary, battling against difficult political and economic circumstances, with little interest in the trappings of a courtly existence, sustained by her faith in Christ and her royalty to the See of St Peter, not afraid to assert her rights against powerful enemies, both lay and clerical."), 183 (Queen Bérengère styled "kinswoman" by King Louis IX of France). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 97,105. Online resources: www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm. Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, ___: a. PHILIP FITZ ROY (otherwise PHILIP DE COGNAC), in right of his wife, of Cognac, Merpins, and Jarnac. He married AMELIE DE COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Adémar, Count of Angouleme, did homage to him in 1194, and also after his father's death. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father's death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Bull. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de l'Ouest et des Musées de Poitiers 12 (1845): 415. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464-465 ("In the same year [A.D. 11991, Philip, bastard son of Richard, king of England, to whom the said king, his father, had given the castle and the manor of Cuinac, slew the before-named viscount of Limoges, in revenge for his father."). Comptes d'Alphonse de Poitiers (Archives Hist. du Poitou 4) (1875): 21-22 ("... Tempore domini comids Pictavensis Henrici, qui fuit rex Anglie, quittavit pater comitis Audomaris Engolismensis, in aula Pictavensi, Bardon, dominum Coignyaci, de homagio quod petebat ab ipso de Coygnyaco, et eo presente et concedente, fecit homagium dominus Coygnyaci domini comiti Pictavensi, de Cognyaco et pertinentiis; et credo quod adhuc vivunt multi qui hoc viderunt. Filius dicti domini Cognyaci fecit similiter homagium Richardo Pictavensi, de Coygnyaco et pertinentiis; quo domino Cognyaci mortuo, dedit rex Richardus comes Pictavensis dominam Amellyam unicam heredem Coygnyaci, quam habebat in ballo, ratione comitatus Pictavensis, in uxorem cuidam filio suo notho, scilicet Philippo de Coygnyaco; qua defuncta sine liberis, tenuit dictus comes Richardus dictum castrum et eum tradidit Roberto de Torniant, senescallo suo Pictavensis."). Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes 1 (1883): 271. Boissonade Quomodo Comites Engolismenses ega Reges Anglia, et Francia se Gesserint 1152- 1328 (1893). Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330. Furness I. & Death of King John (1919): 6-9. Boissonade L'Ascension, le Déclin et la Chute d'un Grand Etat Féodal du Centre-Ouest: Les Taillefer et les Lusignans (Bull. et Méms. de la Soc. Arch. et Hist. de la Charente) (1935). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 ("Philipp° f[ilio] R. Richardi"). Martin-Civat Les Seigneuties de Cognac, Jarnac et Metpins dons l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XIIe et XIIIe Siècle (Congrès des Socs. Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956). Henderson Richard Coeur de Lion (1959): 242. Shakespeare Quarterly 11 (1960): 137-146. Powicke Loss of Normandy (1961): 32-33. Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274-275. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102. Le Château Royal of Cognac (Mems./Institut d'Hist. et d'Arch. de Cognac et du Cognaçais) 2 (1972): 5. Shakespeare Studies (1976): 59-70. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126-127, 179. Debord La Soc. Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente Xe-XlIe Siècle (1984): 486-488. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 769 (sub Limoges). Evergates Feudal Soc. in Medieval France (1993): 58-59. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58. Bernard et al. Hist. du Poitou et des Pays Charentais (2001): 151. Erickson Royal Panoply: Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (2006): 46. v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 (by dispensation, they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY [see BRITTANY 6], daughter and heiress of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland [see BRITTANY 5 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1162. They had three children (see below). In 1178 he was knighted at Woodstock by his father. In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Notre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH, Earl of Chester [see CHESTER 5.i], Judge in the King's Court, 1193, Constable of Sermilly Castle, 1201-4, Constable of the Tower of Avranches, 1203, Warden of the Peak Castle and Forest, 1215, Steward of the Town and Honour of Lancaster, 1216-23, Constable of Fotheringay Castle, 1221-2, Steward of the Honour of Leicester, 1222, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, son and heir of Hugh, Earl of Chester, hereditary Vicomte of Avranches, by Bertrade, daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux, seigneur of Montfort-l'Amaury [see CHESTER 5 for his ancestry]. They had no issue. In 1196 Ranulph captured Constance en route to her 6n5li7ing negotiations with King Richard I and confined her at Benvron for at least a year. Soon after her release, she sought the annulment of their marriage which was granted in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. She married (3rd) before October 1199 (as his 1st wife) GUY DE THOUARS [see BRITTANY 6], in right of his 1st wife, Count (or Duke) of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars, by his wife, Aumur (or Aumou) [see AQUITAINE 3.ii.a for his ancestry]. They had three daughters, Alix (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond), Marguerite, and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was buried at Villeneuve. In 1202 he joined King Philippe Augustus, and his English lands were confiscated. He served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) EUSTACHE DE MAULEON, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d'Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre de Chemillé, Knt. [seigneur of Chemille, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas de Chemillé, Knt. In October 1203 he was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. In 1206 King Philippe Auguste of France granted him le Broherec, la Cornouaille, and le Pouher. GUY DE THOUARS died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) RENAUD DE MAULEVRIER. She was living in 1244. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67-68. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1333 (abstract of charter of Guy de Thouars dated 1208 naming his mother, Aumuz, and his wife, [Constance] Countess of Brittany). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1(1725): 445-461 (sub Bretagne). Morice Méms. pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 37-38, 822 (dower of Katherine of Brittany, wife of André III de Vitré), 912-913, 917, 919-920 (instances of Pierre de Chemillé styled "uncle" [avunculus] by Jean, Duke of Brittany, in 1238, 1240, 1241), 930-931 (Thomas de Chemillé styled "brother" [fratri] by Pierre de Chemillé). Morice Histoire Ecclésiastique et Civil de Bretagne 1 (1750): xvii-xviii (Counts of Penthievre ped). Banks Dormant & Extinct Baronage of England 1 (1807): 218-220. Hanshall Hut. of the County Palatine of Chester (1823): 21-23. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 325 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated 1230), 574-575 (Jerveaux Abbey - Genealogy of the Counts of Richmond). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 247-249. Extracta e Vanis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 70 ("Henricus, regis Dauid filius, comes Huntyntoune et Northumbrie vxorem duxit Adam filiam Willelmi senioris, sororis Willelmi junioris comitis de Warenna, et sororem comitis Roberti Legecesterensis, et Walranni comitis de Melent, cuius mater fait soror Rodulphi comitis de Perona, regis Francorum Ludouici consanguinea, ex qua suscepit tres inclitos filios Genuit eciam idem princeps Henricus totidem Elias ex uxore sua predicta Ada, scilicet, Adam, que lege conjugii tradita est comiti Holandie Fiorentino: secundam, Margaretam Conano duci Britannie comiti de Richmonth nuptam, ex qua genuit filiam nomine Constanciam Gaufrido, comiti Ancligauie, fratri regis Anglie Richardi Primi, disponsatam, de qua Gaufridus genuit alum nomine Arthurum, postea in mare mersum, vnam eciam filiam, Aleciam nomine, que a Petro Mauclerk concepit et peperit filium, normna Johannem, postea ducem Britannie, et aliam filiani nomine Alienoram, que cum Arthuro fratre in mare periit."). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 365-369 (re. Thouars fam.). Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbaris 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 207. Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Geoffrey). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 35 (1874): 8-9 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5 (seal of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond dated 1185 - Le duc à cheval, vêtu du haubert, coiffé d'un heaume a timbre arrondi; lance au gonfanon. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS DVX BRI Revers: Le duc à cheval, couvert d'un immense bouclier, brandissant son épée. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS COMES RICHEMVNDIE), 5-6 (undated seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond - Dame debout, coiffée en tresses, revêtue d'un sur ___ ajusté du corsage, des hanches et des bras, at recouvert d'une chape, un faucon sur le poing, en fleuron dans la main droite. [Légende:]* CONSTANCIA DVCISS … [COM]ITISSA RICH[EMUN]DIE). Ormerod Hist. of the County Palatine & City of Chester 1 (1882): 33-41. Robertson Materials for the Hist. of Thomas Becket 6 (Rolls Ser. 67) (1882): 170-174. Bull & Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Département d'Ille-et-Vilaine 17 (1885): 370-371, 371-372 (charter dated 1182-85 of Geoffrey son of King Henry, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richmond; charter granted with consent of his wife, Constance), 373 (charter dated 1183-86 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to the church of Rouen), 374- 376 (charter dated 1187 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 376-377 (charter dated 1189 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 377-378 (charter dated 1193 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Melaine of Rennes Abbey), 379-380 (charter dated 1198 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond), 380-381 (charter dated 1199 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Notre Dame près Aurai Priory), 383-384 (charter dated 1199-1201 of Guy de Thouars, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond and his wife, Constance, Duchess of Brittany to Melerai Abbey), 384-387 (foundation charter dated 1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond for Villeneuve Abbey), 387 (charter dated 1187-1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Buzai Abbey), 388-390, 391-392 (charter dated 1205 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the monks of Villeneuve), 394-397 (charter dated 1207 by Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the canons of Nantes), 397-406, 406-407 (charter dated 1212 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany), 408, 409 (charter dated 1201-13 of Guy, Duke of Brittany to the nuns of Saint-Sulpice les Rennes). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 365-366 (sub Chester); 3 (1886): 107-109 (sub Richmond). Annales Cestrienses (Lanc. & Cheshire Rec. Soc. 14) (1887): 40-41 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1188: "Rannulphus comes cestrie Cui etiam dedit Henricus rex anglie in uxorem relictam v Kl. [recte Galfridi filii sui] Cui comitissam britannie filia Alani [recte Conant] Comitis britannie nominee Constancia et toto comittatu de Richemund quam ipse comes Cestrie Rannulphus desponsavit in die Sancte Werburge virginis, id est, tertia nonas Februarii [3 Feb.] apud ..."), 46 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1200: "Rannulphus comes Cestrie desponsavit uxorem filiam Radulphi de Feugis, nomine Clementiam, relicta comitissa Britannie, nomine Constancia."). La Borderie Recueil d’Actes Inédits des Ducs et Princes de Bretagne (XIe, XIIe, XIIIe Siecles) (1888). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 378 (seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond dated 1190-1198 - Pointed oval. To the right. Standing, with tightly-fitting dress, long fur-lined cloak fastened at the throat, in the right hand a lily-flower, on the left hand a hawk with long jesses.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Gaufridus comes."). Rosenzweig Cartulaire général de Morbihan 1 (1895): 190-191 (charter of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, dated between 1182-1183). Inventaire Sommaire des Archives Départementales antérieures a 1790, Loire-Inférieure 2(2) Ser. C & D (1898): 147. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 220 (Livre d'Anniversaires des XIVe-XVe Siedes: "18 August - [Obiit] Gaufridi, comitis Britanie [1186]."). Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 531-532. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 355. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 58-70. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103-106, 371-372 (biog. of Geoffrey Fitz Roy, Count of Brittany). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 441-458. Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 195 (chart). Le Moyen Age 35 (1924-5): 63-70. Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Peds. (1925): 11 (ped. of Earls of Chester). Brunel et al. Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 2 (1943): 542. C.P. 10 (1945): 780 (chart), 794-805 (sub Richmond). Annales de Bretagne 53 (1946), 1-27. Painter Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). BIHR 50 (1977): 112-115. Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 2 (1981): 13 (seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated c.1200 - A shield of arms: a lion passant. Legend: + SIGILLVM [R]A[NVF]I COMMS CESTRIE). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as "a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler"). Hist. Research 63 (1990): 1-16. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 45-47. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany & her Fam. (1999). Everard Brittany & the Angevins (2000). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 347-360. Jones Between France & England (2003): 38-40. Wheeler & Parsons Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 101. Richard Eales, `Ranulf (HI), sixth earl of Chester and first earl of Lincoln (1170-1232)', in Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (2004). Bull & Léglu World of Eleanor of Aquitaine (2005). Guéraud Contribution a "Etude du Processus coutumier au Moyen Age (2008): 250 (charter of Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, dated after 1173 names his mother, Aumou, his wife Sibyl; his brothers, Guy, Hugues, Geoffroi, and Raymond; and his sisters, Marie and Amabil), 251 (chart), 305. Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany: a. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182-4.She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold's death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 October 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wiltshire. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 ("commonly called The Damsel of Britain"). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Green Letters of Royal & Ill. Ladies (1846): 24-27 ("The ac	Guglelmo II "le Bon" (I7163)
6017	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1133. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, at Whitsuntide 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ALIENOR) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine [see FRANCE 6] (divorced 21 March 1152), and daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Aénor, daughter of Amaury (or Aimery) I, Vicomte of Châtellerault [see AQUITAINE 4 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud [Abbess of Barking]. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen's heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the "Angevin empire" (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. In 1158 he confirmed a treaty with King Louis VII of France involving the marriage of Henry's son to the French king's daughter. In the summer of 1159 he launched an unsuccessful expedition against Toulouse, which he claimed as Duke of Aquitaine. His reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connacht, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king's bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Poitiers (Vienne), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried in the church of the Abbey of Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire). Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1st marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France [see FRANCE 6], namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes) [see BLOIS 4] and Alix of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France [see WYDEVILLE 4]. References: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20 (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules at de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France, etc.); 13 (1869): 308 i (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703,708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines); 19 (1880): 336-337. Schwennicke Europæische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquataine: Lord & Lady (2003). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59-72. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1128 (Agnes de Barbezillo styled "aunt" famital of Queen Eleanor [of Aquitaine), wife of King Louis WI of France). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 17 (Kalendar of Obits: "II Non. Julius [6 July]. Obitus Henrici Regis Anglie, filie Matildis."). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1725): 76-77. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7-10, 10-12 (will of King Henry II). L'Art de Vérifier les Dates 2 (1784): 348-365 (sub Comtes de Poitiers, Ducs de Aquitaine). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1786): 190 (Ex Radulfi de Diceto: Ralph de Fay styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1 (1) (1816): 81-82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William [Fitz Roy], 4th Earl of Surrey (or Warenne), styled "kinsman" [cognati] by King Henry II). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1-4 (will of King Henry II of England). Gray Scalacronica (1836): 278 (Ermengarde de Beaumont, wife of William the Lion, King of Scots styled "cousin" [cosyn] of King Henry II of England). Historiæ Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (Surtees Soc. 9) (1839): Appendix, pg. 1, charter no. xixii (Hugh [du Puiset], Bishop of Durham, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 304-378 (biog. of Eleanora of Aquitaine). Pertz Chronica et Annales ævi Salui (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 6) (1844): (Roberti de Monte Cronica [Robert de Torigni]): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled "aunt" [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled "kinsman" [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled "kinsman" on the part of King Henry II's mother, Empress Maud), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "kinsman" [cognate]; Earl Hugh's wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Evreux "kinswoman" [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II's father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinsman" [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [cognate]); 27(1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinswoman" by King Henry II). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851) 18-19. Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 245 (Annals of Waverley sub AD. 1188 - Baldwin [de Revers], Earl of Cornwall, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry II). Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 372 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars styled "your cousin and our's" [votre cousin et au notre] by queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in letter to her son, King John dated 1200-1201; also see Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chattes 32 (1871): 412-413). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 33 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Henry II), 46 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of King Henry II). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled "kinsman" of King Henry II; see Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 83, footnote 1). Grasilier Cartulaires Inédits de la Saintonge 2: Cartulaire de l'Abbaye Royale de Notre-Dame de Saintes (1871): 13-16, 19-21, 35-36, 36 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France dated 1151 names her "sister” [sororis], Aelith), 37, 51 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France, dated 1140 names her "aunt" [amite], Agnes [de Barbezieux], Abbess of Saintes; charter witnessed by Aelith, "sister" [sorore] of Queen Eleanor), 52, 78. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 192 (birth of King Henry II); 2 (1873): 7 (sub A.D. 1168: Mathieu, Count of Boulogne, styled "kinsman" [cognatum] of King Henry II of England). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Set.) (1874): 285 (Ralph de Pale styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Montzey Hist. de is Fliche 1 (1877): 137-146. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 426, 439 (Chron. of Geoffrey Vosiensis: Sarah daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall and wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] of King Henry II of England). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 15 (1878): 767-768 (P[etrus Raimundi], Abbot of Saint Maxent, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in letters dated 1161). Eyton Court, Household & Intinerary of King Henry II (1878): 8 (Henry [de Sully], Abbot of Fécamp, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Stubbs Hist. Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1879): 93 (birth of King Henry II), 140-141 (David I, King of Scots, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] of King Henry II of England). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). Bain Cal. Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15-17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of Queen Eleanor). Hart Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia 1 (1884): 106 (Silvio de Cresto styled "queen's kinsman" [nepoti Regina]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 10-13 (seal of King Henry II - Obverse. King enthroned, holding sword and orb; generally ressembling the obverse of seals of Henry I. and Stephen, but with differences in arches on front of throne, and in the various proportions. Legend: + HENRICVS DEI • G[RATIA] • REX ANGLORUM. Four small points in cross placed as a stop between the words. Reverse. King on a horse to the right; hauberk, continuous coif, and chausses of chain-mail, here represented by rings. Conical helmet with nasal. Shield secured by strap passing round king's neck, and fastened by a ring into inner surface of leather. In right hand a long sword; in left hand the short strap of shield and reins. Horse's head-gear composed of chain-work. Legend: + HENR : DEI : GRA : DVX : NORM: [ ] ET : AQVIT : ET: COM : ANDEG.). Christie Annales Cestrienses (1887): 29-35 (Bertrade of Evreux, wife of Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "cousin" of King Henry II in chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164-1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled "kinswoman" [cognate] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). Gross Gild Merchant 2 (1890): 28-29 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem 1(1894): 108, 125-128, 180-181, 312, 470-471, 480-482, 519, 527, 567-568; 2 (1897): 18-19. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "7 Jul. [Obiit] Henricus secundus, rex Anglorum."). Archives Hist. de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6-7 (charter of Eleanor). Beauchet-Filleau Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des Families du Poitou 2 (1895): 320 ("L'obituaire de Fontevrault place son décès le jour des ides de janvier. Dnus Radulfus princeps de Faia, avunculus Dnæ Alienordis Reginae. (bat. 54802 89.)) (author identifies Ralph de Fay as son of Aimery I, Vicomte of Châtellerault). Wigram Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford 2 (1896): 116 (Empress Maud styled "sister" [soror] and her son, Henry [afterwards King Henry II of England] styled "nephew" [nepos] by Robert Fitz Roy, Earl of Gloucester in charter dated c.1142). Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Andre de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England, and her son, King John, in letter dated 1199). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 69 (grant by King Henry II dated 1186-9). Broussillon Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers 2 (1903): 84 (Raoul [de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "dearest kinsman" [charissimus cognatus] in letter by King Henry II of England). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78-93; 42 (1927): 569-572; 74 (1959): 193-213; 110 (1995): 652-655. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 104-105 (Mary, Abbess of Romsey, styled "kinswoman" [cognata/cognatam] by King Henry II). Jeayes Desc. Cat. Derbyshire Charters (1906): 244 (Maud [of Gloucester], Countess of Chester, styled "kinswoman" [cognata] by King Henry II in charter dated ?1175). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593-596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452-463 (biog. of Henry II: "... his nature was full of passion... [he] was a great builder... Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign... probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day... genius for government"). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie (1909): 352-354 (biog. of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England: "Un des recueils de Gaignières (ms. latin 5419, p. 80) nous a conservé l'image de sceau dont elle continua a se servir pendant son veuvage. C'est un long sceau allongé et pointu sot lequel elle est représentée debout, tenant on oiseau sur la main gauche; il ne subsistait que la dernière partie de la légende: NORMANORVM DUCISSA ET ANDEGAVIE COMITISSA. Il y a aux Auxives nationales, attaché a one charte de l'année 1199, on exemplaire mutile de ce même sceau."). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184-1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 ([Maud de Bohun], wife of Juhel de Mayenne, styled "neptis Regis" [kinswoman of King Henry II]). Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled "king's kinsman" in 1188), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see also Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; Round Cal Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II; see also Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1846): 142; Méms. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de Picardie 47 (1936): 182-184 (Eustache's mother named in charter as Isabel); Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XIe-XIIIe Siècle) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l'Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191-192 (Eustache named in charter as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavene, Count of Saint-Pol)]. Delisle & Berger Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre, Duc de Normandie 3 (1927): 136 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), ([Raoul de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Chartrou-Charbonnel L'Anjou de 1109 à 1151: Foulque de Jérusalem et Geoffroi Plantegenêt (1928). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 253 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Speculum 30 (1955): 374-384. Boussard Le Gouvernement d'Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32-33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153-156. Genealogists' Mag. 14 (1964): 361-368. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154 3 (1968). Charles Evans "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany," in Mélanges Offerts à Szaboles de Vajay à l'Occasion de Son Cinquitième Anniversaire (1971): 187-191 (Margery [de Bohun], wife of Pedro Manrique, Count of Lara, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II). Warren Henry II (1973): 216 (Roger [of Gloucester], Bishop of Worcester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II, cites William FitzStephen, III, 103-106). Kibler Eleanor of Aquitaine, Patron & Politcian (1976). Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14-15. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420-1920) (1977): 188-189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3(4) (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 2 (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II] later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Hanna Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89-90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321-336. Tyerman England & the Crusades 1095-1588 (1988): 48 ([Baldwin IV], King of Jerusalem, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II). Williamson Kings & Oueens of Britain (1991): 52-55 (biog. of Henry II:"... a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined.., well-grounded in law and history... undoubtedly a great king"), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Amt Accession of Henry II in England (1993). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "3 Kal. [Apr.] [30 March]. [Obiit] Alienor regina Anglie."). Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Church Medieval Knighthood V. Papers from the 66 Strawberry Hill Conf. 1994 (1995): 68. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Viator 27 (1996): 53 et seq. Vincent et al. Acta of Henry II & Richard 12 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67-69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled "king's kinsman'). Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England (1999). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Anglo-Norman Studies 23 (2001): 143-154. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Hanna Christchurch Priory Cartulary (Hampshire Rec. Ser. 18) (2007): 124 (Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II in charter dated 1154-71). Harper-Bill Henry II: New Interpretations (2007). Hosier Henry II (2007): 54. Cornwall Rec. Office: Arundell of Lanherne & Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert [Fitz Count], son of [Robert Fitz Roy], Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Online resource: The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm). Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153. He died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about 25 Dec. 1156, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65-66. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 434-435 (undated charter of King Henry II dated at Reading to Hurley Priory, Berkshire made for the health of the souls of his late son, William, and his grandfather, King Henry I). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Matthew of Paris Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum 1 (Rolls Set. 44) (1866): 307 (sub A.D. 1157: "In Adventu autem infirmatus Willelmus, primogenitus regis Henrici, obiit, diebus hujus anni scilicet Nataliciis; under dissentio est, utrum hoc vel anno praeterito obierit. Sepultus est autem apud Radingum."). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of William). Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34 (sub A.D. 1156: "Obiit Guillermus, primogenitus filius Henrici regis Anglorum, et sepultus est Radingis ad pedes Henrici regis, proavi sui."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hirst. (1872). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled "the Young King"), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or is Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. They had one son, William. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173-74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) BELA III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama [see HUNGARY 8], son of Geza II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama, by his wife, Euphrosine, daughter of Mstislav II the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. He was born about 1148. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following the death of her husband, Bela III, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66-67. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam of England (1851): 18-19. Douet-D'Arcq Historiques et Critiques sur les Anciens Comtes de Beaumont-sur-Oise (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie: Docs. Inédits 4) (1855): 50-51 (Henry the Young King of England styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Eleanor de Vermandois, Countess of Beaumont in charter dated 1184). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of Henry), 41-45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Henry). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: "Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo matito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit."). Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): iv (rare charter of Young Henry dated c.1170, in which he uses the style "rex Angliæ et Dux Normanniæ et Comes Andegaviæ, Regis Henrici filius"). Deville Tornbeaux de la Cathédral de Rotten (1881): 161-162,164-165,210-211. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13 (seal of Henry son of King Henry II dated 1170-1182 - King, enthroned, with sceptre and orb; sides of throne terminate in animals' heads, as on the thrones on the French royal seals. Legend: HENRICVS REX ANGLOR DVX NORMANNOR ET COMES ANDEGAVOR.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "11 Jun. [Obiit] Henricus tertius, rex Anglorum."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591-594, 602. Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382-384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240-241. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224-226. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he "used style rex Anglorum... hence called by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III"). Smith English Episc. Acta 2 Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110-111. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 96-97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297-326 ("the sole associate king in English post-conquest history"). Child of Henry of England, by Margaret of France: a. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born about 19 June 1177, died 22 June 1177. Benedict of Peterborough Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 177 ("Eodem anno [1177] circa clausum Pentecosten, Margareta, guæ, at supradictum est, prægnans abiit ad regem Franciæ patrem suum, peperit filium, et vocatum eat nomen ejus Willelmus, sed infra triduum obiit Parisius ubi natus fuit; et quidam dicebant quod abortivus fuit."). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH XII der Löwe (or HENRY the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich X, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, Holy Roman Emperor], and Wilhelm [Count of Luneburg], and two daughters, Maud and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180, and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Braunschweig (or Brunswick). In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. His wife, Maud, died at Braunschweig 28 June 1189. HEINRICH OF BRAUNSCHWEIG, former Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, died 6 August 1195. He and his wife, Maud, were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69-70. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Green Lives of the Princesses of England 1 (1857): 214-262 (biog. of Matilda of England). Pertz Historici Germania sac. XII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 21) (1869): 115-116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sæc. XII. et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled "kinsman" [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Ströhl Deutsch Wappenrolle (1897): 72. Hohnstein Geschichte des Heroztums Braunschweig (1908): 91-140 (biog. of Heinrich der Löwe). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Waltz Ottonis et Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris (Monumenta Germaniæ Histories, Scriptures rerum Germanicarum 46) (1912): 350 (Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris Appendix sub A.D. 1168: "... nam inter imperatorem et regem Angliæ fedus et amicicia fuit, data filia sua in uxorem Heinrico duci Bawariæ et Saxoniæ."). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 284 (ancestry of Maud of England). Jordan Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Löwen Herzogs von Sachsen and Bayern (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Laienfürsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit) (1941): 51-53 (Gebhard I, Count of Burghausen styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich), 107-108 (Otto VI, Count Palatine of Wittelsbach, afterwards Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepos] by Duke Heinrich), 181-182 (Friedrich II, Count Palatine of Saxony, Count of Sommerschenburg styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich). Foreville L'Eglise et le Royaute en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154-1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Appelt Die Urkunden Friedrichs I. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser 10(1)) (1975): 18-19, 231-233, 347-349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [cognate/cognate] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259-260, 332-335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepotem/nepos] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364-365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [consanguine] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Gens Nostra 46 (1991): 540-541. Kegel Die Jüngere Hildesheimer Briefsammlung (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Die Briefe Der Deutschen Kaiserzeit 7) (1995): 101-102 (letter of Heinrich of Braunschweig to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188), 102-103 (Heinrich of Braunschweig styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] in letter from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Jour. Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379-393. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bayern/heinrich_12_derloewe_herzog_von_bayern_1195_welfen/heinrich_12_der loewe_herzog_von_bayern_und_sachsen_+_1195.html. Children of Maud of England, by Duke Heinrich XII der Löwe: a. OTTO OF BRUNSWICK, 3rd son. He was educated at the court of his uncle, King Richard I of England, under whose experience he gained valuable experience in war. He was appointed Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, and Earl of Yorkshire. When Emperor Henry VI died in Sept. 1197, some of the German princes under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, were anxious to find a rival to Philip, Duke of Swabia, who had been elected German king. Otto married (1st) 22 July 1212 BEATRIX OF HOHENSTAUFEN, daughter of Philip, Duke of Swabia. They had no issue. His wife, Beatrix, died 11 August 1212. He married (2nd) at Aachen 19 May 1214 MARIA OF BRABANT, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Lorraine and Brabant, Margrave of Antwerp, by his 1st wife, Machtild (or Mahaud), daughter and co-heiress of Mathieu of Flanders, Count of Boulogne [see BRABANT 5 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. OTTO IV, late Emperor, died at the Harzburg 19 May 1218, and was buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. His widow, Maria, married (2nd) in July 1220 WILHELM (or WILLEM) I, Count of Holland [see HOLLAND 5]. She died between 9 March and 14 June 1260. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 477-478 (Richard I, King of England, styled "uncle" [avunculus] in charter of Otto, Duke of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 28-29, 87-88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" [nepos] by King John of England). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 37-48 (Otto of Saxony [former Emperor Otto IV] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 57-60 (Otto [IV], late Emperor, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1228). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 290 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1218: "Otho imperator Alemanniæ, nepos Ricardi et Johannis regum obiit."). Piot Cartulaire de l'Abbeye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 199-200 (charter of Henri [II], Duke of Lorraine and Brabant dated 1240, names his "dear sister" [charissima soror], Maria, former Empress of the Romans). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 298-299 ("Eodem anno [1195] Willelmus rex Scottorum ægrotavit, in villa sua quæ dicitur Clacmanan et statuit Othonem filium Henrici ducis Saxoniæ, nepotem Ricardi regis sibi successurum in regnum Scottorum, ita quod ipse Otho filiam suam primogenitam in uxorem cum regno duceret. Et quamvis rex plures haberet qui voluntati suæ in hoc consentirent, tamen comes Patricius et alii multi contradixerunt ..."). Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sac. XII et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 385 (F Gervasii Tilleberiensis Otiis Imperialibus: William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, styled "uncle" [avunculum] of Emperor Otto IV). Doyle Official Baronage of England 3 (1886): 740 (sub York). Thatcher & McNeal Source Book for Mediæval Hist. (1905): 228 (Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" by King John of England in 1202). Hohnstein Geschichte des Herzogtams Braunschweig (1908): 141-149 (biog. of Kaiser Otto IV). Encyclopædia Britannica 20 (1911): 375 (biog. of Otto IV, Roman emperor). Nicholson Love, War & the Grail (2001). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/otto_4_deutscher_koenig_1218_welfen/otto_4_von_ braunschweig_deutscher_koeni8-+_1218.html. b. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF BRUNSWICK, born in 1172. She married (1st) in July 1189 GEOFFREY III, Count of Perche, lord of Toddington, Bedfordshire and Aldbourne and Wanborough, Wiltshire, son of Rotrou III, Count of Perche, by Mathilde, daughter of Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. They had two sons, Geoffrey and Thomas [Count of the Perche]. GEOFFREY III, Count of the Perche, died 5 April 1202. His widow, Maud, married (2nd) before 1203 (as his 1st wife) ENGUERRAND DE COUCY, seigneur of Coucy, and, in right of his wife, Count of the Perche, son and heir of Raoul de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy, by Alix, daughter of Robert I, Count of Dreux. She died in 13 Jan. 1209/10. Placitorum in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservatorum Abbrevatio (1811): 55. Rotuli litterarum patentium in turri Londinensi asservati 1201- 1216 (1834): 18 (Maud, Countess of the Perche, styled "niece" [nepti] by King John of England in 1202). Lepinois & Merlet Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres 2 (1863): 21 (charter of Maud, Countess of Perche, dated June 1202, names her late husband, Geoffrey, and her son, Thomas), 22. Herald & Genealogist 6 (1871): 241- 253 ([Maud], Countess of Perche styled "niece" [neptis] by King John, cites Rot. Normann. p. 87.). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 436-438 (J. de Pertico [Enguerrand de Coucy, Count of the Perche] styled "your kinsman" [consobrinum tuum] in letter from Pope Innocent III to King Philippe Auguste of France in 1203). Money Hist. of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11(1903): 304-305. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 374 (biog. of Geoffrey de Perche). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France: County of the Perche 1000-1226 (2002). Kathleen Thompson "Matilda, countess of the Perche (1171-1210): The expression of authority in name, style and seal" available at www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/crahm/revue/tabularia/thompson.html. iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Cæur-de-Lion or the Iionheart), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice (or Alix) of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother's inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173-4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175-77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry's death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father's orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions, including Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard's marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry's death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BERENGERE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho Vi el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard's journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, whom he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. His second Coronation was solemnised in Winchester Cathedral 17 April 1194. In October 1196 he made peace with Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, renouncing all claims to the county of Toulouse and the subject county of Rouergue; he also returned Quercy and gave the Agenais as part of the dowry for his sister Joan's marriage to Raymond. In 1199, during a minor siege at Chalus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. Following Richard's death, the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire formed part of his widow, Berengere's dower, but she did not enjoy her full tights as indicated by a papal letter to King John in 1209. In 1204 Bérengère ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thoré in Maine. She was co-heiress in 1226 to her cousin, Guillaume, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, Count of Perche. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l'Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l'Epau Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73-80. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1045-1046 (charters of Queen Bérengère of England). Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 12. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 266 (Obit. of Tintem Abbey: "Ricardus Rex Angliæ primus obiit xxvii. die Mardi"; "Berengerus et comitissa soror ejus obiit xxiij. die Decembris."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 313-314. Brequigny Table Chronologique des Diplomes, Charles, Titres et Actes Imprimés concernant l'Histoire de France 4 (1836): 357. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. Ill. the Hist. of Scotland 1(1837): xxviii-xxix (William the lion, King of Scots styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Richard I of England). Archæologia 27 (1838): 109-112. Green Letters of Royal & Ill Ladies (1846): 30-34 (two letters of Bérengère, Queen of England). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Riley Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1853): 120 (Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham, styled "our dearly beloved cousin" by King Richard I). Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21(1855): 604 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): "... Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi"). Migne Innocentii III Romani pontificis opera omnia (Patrologia Ser. Latina 215) (1855): 1538-1539. Arbois de Jubainville Hist. des Ducs et des Comtes de Champagne 5 (1863): 195, 229-230, 238. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Charles 2 (1866): 181-182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled "aunt" [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] "Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de Ella Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus."). Lalore Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Boulancoutt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: "23 Dec. - solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d'Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne"). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 39 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Richard I), 151 (Chronicon Sancti Sergii Andegavensis: death of King Richard I). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147-159. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 447 ([Blanche of Navarre], Countess of Troyes, styled "sister" [sororem] of Queen Bérengère in letter by Pope Innocent III to King John dated 1204). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13-14 (seal of King Richard I - Obverse. King enthroned: closely fitting tunic, loose surcoat with embroidered edges at neck and arms, and cloak. Open crown of three points fleury. In right hand a sword held erect; in left hand an orb topped by a cross fleur-de-lisée. Throne of elaborate pannelled work, of four stages of arcading with intervening head-mouldings, the back splayed away, and footboard enriched with carvings of quatrefoils, and a corbel on seven arches. In the field, on either side of king's head, a crescent enclosing an estoile of seven points wavy. On either side of throne a sprig of the planta genista, or broom. Legend: + RICARDVS DEI GRACIA REX ANGLORVM. Reverse. King on horseback to right. Hauberk and surcoat of mail armour, conical helmet, large broad sword, bowed shield on which a lion rampant contoume. Horse-trappings: head-gear, ornamental saddle and breast-band. Legend: + RICARDVS DVX NORMANNORVM ET AQVITANORVM ET COMES ANDEGAVORVM.). Meyer L'Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338-340, esp. lines 9392-9432 (André de Chauvigny styled "king's kinsman"). Delisle Manuscrits Latins et Français ajoutés aux Fonds des Nouvelles Acquisitions Pendant les Années 1875-1894 2 (1894): 509-510 (Calendrier of Maubuisson Abbey) ("X kal. januarii [23 Dec.]. Obiit Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 556-557 (charter of King Richard I dated 1189-1190); 2 (1897): 179-180. Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 89-90 (William the lion, King of Scotland styled "dearest cousin" by King Richard I of England in 1189), 92-93 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and cousin and liegeman" by King Richard I of England in 1194). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(2) (Recueil des Historiens de la France - Obituaires) (1902): 645 (Abbaye de Port Royal: "x. cal. [23 Dec.]. Ce jour est fait l’anniversaire de Berangarie, royne [1229], et de Blanche, contesse, et non en convent."), 655 (Abbaye de Maubuisson: "[23 Dec.]. x kal. jan. Obiit. Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Lair (Société des Archives Hist. du Maine 6) (1905): 80-81. D.N.B. 16(1909): 1022-1031 (biog. of Richard I: "... He was a stern ruler.., where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault... In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree... He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher... a man of many accomplishments"). Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: "A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale"). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 18-20 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Richard I in 1197). Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174-1328 (1965): 12-14 (William the lion, King of Scotland, styled "kinsman" by King Richard in 1189), 18-19 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and kinsman" [amico et consanguineo] by King Richard in 1194). Paget lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185-198; 23 (1997): 351-365. Bull. Inst. Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157-173. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36-37. Mitchell Berengaria, Enigmatic Queen of England (1986). King & Ridyard Law in Mediæval Life & Thought (Sewanee Mediæal Studies 5) (1990): 21-42. Williamson Kings & Queens of Britain (1991): 55-56,65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 127 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus April [6 April]. Obiit Ricardus Rex Anglie, qui dedit Boscum de Blen cum pertinentiis suis Ecclesie Christi."), 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus Apr. 16 April]. Obiit Richardus rex Angliae."). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37-53; 43 (1999): 79-89. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58,189-200. French Hist. Studies 21 (1998): 517-542. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart's Queen (1999): 23 (Queen Bérengère's "long years of widowhood" reveal "a strong, courageous woman, independent, solitary, battling against difficult political and economic circumstances, with little interest in the trappings of a courtly existence, sustained by her faith in Christ and her royalty to the See of St Peter, not afraid to assert her rights against powerful enemies, both lay and clerical."), 183 (Queen Bérengère styled "kinswoman" by King Louis IX of France). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 97,105. Online resources: www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm. Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, ___: a. PHILIP FITZ ROY (otherwise PHILIP DE COGNAC), in right of his wife, of Cognac, Merpins, and Jarnac. He married AMELIE DE COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Adémar, Count of Angouleme, did homage to him in 1194, and also after his father's death. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father's death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Bull. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de l'Ouest et des Musées de Poitiers 12 (1845): 415. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464-465 ("In the same year [A.D. 11991, Philip, bastard son of Richard, king of England, to whom the said king, his father, had given the castle and the manor of Cuinac, slew the before-named viscount of Limoges, in revenge for his father."). Comptes d'Alphonse de Poitiers (Archives Hist. du Poitou 4) (1875): 21-22 ("... Tempore domini comids Pictavensis Henrici, qui fuit rex Anglie, quittavit pater comitis Audomaris Engolismensis, in aula Pictavensi, Bardon, dominum Coignyaci, de homagio quod petebat ab ipso de Coygnyaco, et eo presente et concedente, fecit homagium dominus Coygnyaci domini comiti Pictavensi, de Cognyaco et pertinentiis; et credo quod adhuc vivunt multi qui hoc viderunt. Filius dicti domini Cognyaci fecit similiter homagium Richardo Pictavensi, de Coygnyaco et pertinentiis; quo domino Cognyaci mortuo, dedit rex Richardus comes Pictavensis dominam Amellyam unicam heredem Coygnyaci, quam habebat in ballo, ratione comitatus Pictavensis, in uxorem cuidam filio suo notho, scilicet Philippo de Coygnyaco; qua defuncta sine liberis, tenuit dictus comes Richardus dictum castrum et eum tradidit Roberto de Torniant, senescallo suo Pictavensis."). Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes 1 (1883): 271. Boissonade Quomodo Comites Engolismenses ega Reges Anglia, et Francia se Gesserint 1152- 1328 (1893). Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330. Furness I. & Death of King John (1919): 6-9. Boissonade L'Ascension, le Déclin et la Chute d'un Grand Etat Féodal du Centre-Ouest: Les Taillefer et les Lusignans (Bull. et Méms. de la Soc. Arch. et Hist. de la Charente) (1935). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 ("Philipp° f[ilio] R. Richardi"). Martin-Civat Les Seigneuties de Cognac, Jarnac et Metpins dons l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XIIe et XIIIe Siècle (Congrès des Socs. Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956). Henderson Richard Coeur de Lion (1959): 242. Shakespeare Quarterly 11 (1960): 137-146. Powicke Loss of Normandy (1961): 32-33. Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274-275. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102. Le Château Royal of Cognac (Mems./Institut d'Hist. et d'Arch. de Cognac et du Cognaçais) 2 (1972): 5. Shakespeare Studies (1976): 59-70. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126-127, 179. Debord La Soc. Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente Xe-XlIe Siècle (1984): 486-488. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 769 (sub Limoges). Evergates Feudal Soc. in Medieval France (1993): 58-59. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58. Bernard et al. Hist. du Poitou et des Pays Charentais (2001): 151. Erickson Royal Panoply: Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (2006): 46. v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 (by dispensation, they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY [see BRITTANY 6], daughter and heiress of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland [see BRITTANY 5 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1162. They had three children (see below). In 1178 he was knighted at Woodstock by his father. In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Notre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH, Earl of Chester [see CHESTER 5.i], Judge in the King's Court, 1193, Constable of Sermilly Castle, 1201-4, Constable of the Tower of Avranches, 1203, Warden of the Peak Castle and Forest, 1215, Steward of the Town and Honour of Lancaster, 1216-23, Constable of Fotheringay Castle, 1221-2, Steward of the Honour of Leicester, 1222, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, son and heir of Hugh, Earl of Chester, hereditary Vicomte of Avranches, by Bertrade, daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux, seigneur of Montfort-l'Amaury [see CHESTER 5 for his ancestry]. They had no issue. In 1196 Ranulph captured Constance en route to her 6n5li7ing negotiations with King Richard I and confined her at Benvron for at least a year. Soon after her release, she sought the annulment of their marriage which was granted in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. She married (3rd) before October 1199 (as his 1st wife) GUY DE THOUARS [see BRITTANY 6], in right of his 1st wife, Count (or Duke) of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars, by his wife, Aumur (or Aumou) [see AQUITAINE 3.ii.a for his ancestry]. They had three daughters, Alix (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond), Marguerite, and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was buried at Villeneuve. In 1202 he joined King Philippe Augustus, and his English lands were confiscated. He served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) EUSTACHE DE MAULEON, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d'Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre de Chemillé, Knt. [seigneur of Chemille, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas de Chemillé, Knt. In October 1203 he was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. In 1206 King Philippe Auguste of France granted him le Broherec, la Cornouaille, and le Pouher. GUY DE THOUARS died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) RENAUD DE MAULEVRIER. She was living in 1244. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67-68. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1333 (abstract of charter of Guy de Thouars dated 1208 naming his mother, Aumuz, and his wife, [Constance] Countess of Brittany). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1(1725): 445-461 (sub Bretagne). Morice Méms. pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 37-38, 822 (dower of Katherine of Brittany, wife of André III de Vitré), 912-913, 917, 919-920 (instances of Pierre de Chemillé styled "uncle" [avunculus] by Jean, Duke of Brittany, in 1238, 1240, 1241), 930-931 (Thomas de Chemillé styled "brother" [fratri] by Pierre de Chemillé). Morice Histoire Ecclésiastique et Civil de Bretagne 1 (1750): xvii-xviii (Counts of Penthievre ped). Banks Dormant & Extinct Baronage of England 1 (1807): 218-220. Hanshall Hut. of the County Palatine of Chester (1823): 21-23. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 325 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated 1230), 574-575 (Jerveaux Abbey - Genealogy of the Counts of Richmond). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 247-249. Extracta e Vanis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 70 ("Henricus, regis Dauid filius, comes Huntyntoune et Northumbrie vxorem duxit Adam filiam Willelmi senioris, sororis Willelmi junioris comitis de Warenna, et sororem comitis Roberti Legecesterensis, et Walranni comitis de Melent, cuius mater fait soror Rodulphi comitis de Perona, regis Francorum Ludouici consanguinea, ex qua suscepit tres inclitos filios Genuit eciam idem princeps Henricus totidem Elias ex uxore sua predicta Ada, scilicet, Adam, que lege conjugii tradita est comiti Holandie Fiorentino: secundam, Margaretam Conano duci Britannie comiti de Richmonth nuptam, ex qua genuit filiam nomine Constanciam Gaufrido, comiti Ancligauie, fratri regis Anglie Richardi Primi, disponsatam, de qua Gaufridus genuit alum nomine Arthurum, postea in mare mersum, vnam eciam filiam, Aleciam nomine, que a Petro Mauclerk concepit et peperit filium, normna Johannem, postea ducem Britannie, et aliam filiani nomine Alienoram, que cum Arthuro fratre in mare periit."). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 365-369 (re. Thouars fam.). Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbaris 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 207. Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Geoffrey). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 35 (1874): 8-9 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5 (seal of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond dated 1185 - Le duc à cheval, vêtu du haubert, coiffé d'un heaume a timbre arrondi; lance au gonfanon. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS DVX BRI Revers: Le duc à cheval, couvert d'un immense bouclier, brandissant son épée. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS COMES RICHEMVNDIE), 5-6 (undated seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond - Dame debout, coiffée en tresses, revêtue d'un sur ___ ajusté du corsage, des hanches et des bras, at recouvert d'une chape, un faucon sur le poing, en fleuron dans la main droite. [Légende:]* CONSTANCIA DVCISS … [COM]ITISSA RICH[EMUN]DIE). Ormerod Hist. of the County Palatine & City of Chester 1 (1882): 33-41. Robertson Materials for the Hist. of Thomas Becket 6 (Rolls Ser. 67) (1882): 170-174. Bull & Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Département d'Ille-et-Vilaine 17 (1885): 370-371, 371-372 (charter dated 1182-85 of Geoffrey son of King Henry, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richmond; charter granted with consent of his wife, Constance), 373 (charter dated 1183-86 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to the church of Rouen), 374- 376 (charter dated 1187 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 376-377 (charter dated 1189 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 377-378 (charter dated 1193 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Melaine of Rennes Abbey), 379-380 (charter dated 1198 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond), 380-381 (charter dated 1199 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Notre Dame près Aurai Priory), 383-384 (charter dated 1199-1201 of Guy de Thouars, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond and his wife, Constance, Duchess of Brittany to Melerai Abbey), 384-387 (foundation charter dated 1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond for Villeneuve Abbey), 387 (charter dated 1187-1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Buzai Abbey), 388-390, 391-392 (charter dated 1205 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the monks of Villeneuve), 394-397 (charter dated 1207 by Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the canons of Nantes), 397-406, 406-407 (charter dated 1212 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany), 408, 409 (charter dated 1201-13 of Guy, Duke of Brittany to the nuns of Saint-Sulpice les Rennes). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 365-366 (sub Chester); 3 (1886): 107-109 (sub Richmond). Annales Cestrienses (Lanc. & Cheshire Rec. Soc. 14) (1887): 40-41 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1188: "Rannulphus comes cestrie Cui etiam dedit Henricus rex anglie in uxorem relictam v Kl. [recte Galfridi filii sui] Cui comitissam britannie filia Alani [recte Conant] Comitis britannie nominee Constancia et toto comittatu de Richemund quam ipse comes Cestrie Rannulphus desponsavit in die Sancte Werburge virginis, id est, tertia nonas Februarii [3 Feb.] apud ..."), 46 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1200: "Rannulphus comes Cestrie desponsavit uxorem filiam Radulphi de Feugis, nomine Clementiam, relicta comitissa Britannie, nomine Constancia."). La Borderie Recueil d’Actes Inédits des Ducs et Princes de Bretagne (XIe, XIIe, XIIIe Siecles) (1888). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 378 (seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond dated 1190-1198 - Pointed oval. To the right. Standing, with tightly-fitting dress, long fur-lined cloak fastened at the throat, in the right hand a lily-flower, on the left hand a hawk with long jesses.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Gaufridus comes."). Rosenzweig Cartulaire général de Morbihan 1 (1895): 190-191 (charter of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, dated between 1182-1183). Inventaire Sommaire des Archives Départementales antérieures a 1790, Loire-Inférieure 2(2) Ser. C & D (1898): 147. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 220 (Livre d'Anniversaires des XIVe-XVe Siedes: "18 August - [Obiit] Gaufridi, comitis Britanie [1186]."). Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 531-532. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 355. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 58-70. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103-106, 371-372 (biog. of Geoffrey Fitz Roy, Count of Brittany). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 441-458. Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 195 (chart). Le Moyen Age 35 (1924-5): 63-70. Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Peds. (1925): 11 (ped. of Earls of Chester). Brunel et al. Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 2 (1943): 542. C.P. 10 (1945): 780 (chart), 794-805 (sub Richmond). Annales de Bretagne 53 (1946), 1-27. Painter Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). BIHR 50 (1977): 112-115. Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 2 (1981): 13 (seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated c.1200 - A shield of arms: a lion passant. Legend: + SIGILLVM [R]A[NVF]I COMMS CESTRIE). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as "a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler"). Hist. Research 63 (1990): 1-16. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 45-47. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany & her Fam. (1999). Everard Brittany & the Angevins (2000). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 347-360. Jones Between France & England (2003): 38-40. Wheeler & Parsons Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 101. Richard Eales, `Ranulf (HI), sixth earl of Chester and first earl of Lincoln (1170-1232)', in Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (2004). Bull & Léglu World of Eleanor of Aquitaine (2005). Guéraud Contribution a "Etude du Processus coutumier au Moyen Age (2008): 250 (charter of Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, dated after 1173 names his mother, Aumou, his wife Sibyl; his brothers, Guy, Hugues, Geoffroi, and Raymond; and his sisters, Marie and Amabil), 251 (chart), 305. Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany: a. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182-4.She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold's death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 October 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wiltshire. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 ("commonly called The Damsel of Britain"). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Green Letters of Royal & Ill. Ladies (1846): 24-27 ("The ac	of England, Joan (I7162)
6018	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1133. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, at Whitsuntide 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ALIENOR) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine [see FRANCE 6] (divorced 21 March 1152), and daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Aénor, daughter of Amaury (or Aimery) I, Vicomte of Châtellerault [see AQUITAINE 4 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud [Abbess of Barking]. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen's heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the "Angevin empire" (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. In 1158 he confirmed a treaty with King Louis VII of France involving the marriage of Henry's son to the French king's daughter. In the summer of 1159 he launched an unsuccessful expedition against Toulouse, which he claimed as Duke of Aquitaine. His reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connacht, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king's bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Poitiers (Vienne), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried in the church of the Abbey of Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire). Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1st marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France [see FRANCE 6], namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes) [see BLOIS 4] and Alix of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France [see WYDEVILLE 4]. References: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20 (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules at de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France, etc.); 13 (1869): 308 i (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703,708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines); 19 (1880): 336-337. Schwennicke Europæische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquataine: Lord & Lady (2003). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59-72. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1128 (Agnes de Barbezillo styled "aunt" famital of Queen Eleanor [of Aquitaine), wife of King Louis WI of France). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 17 (Kalendar of Obits: "II Non. Julius [6 July]. Obitus Henrici Regis Anglie, filie Matildis."). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1725): 76-77. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7-10, 10-12 (will of King Henry II). L'Art de Vérifier les Dates 2 (1784): 348-365 (sub Comtes de Poitiers, Ducs de Aquitaine). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1786): 190 (Ex Radulfi de Diceto: Ralph de Fay styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1 (1) (1816): 81-82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William [Fitz Roy], 4th Earl of Surrey (or Warenne), styled "kinsman" [cognati] by King Henry II). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1-4 (will of King Henry II of England). Gray Scalacronica (1836): 278 (Ermengarde de Beaumont, wife of William the Lion, King of Scots styled "cousin" [cosyn] of King Henry II of England). Historiæ Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (Surtees Soc. 9) (1839): Appendix, pg. 1, charter no. xixii (Hugh [du Puiset], Bishop of Durham, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 304-378 (biog. of Eleanora of Aquitaine). Pertz Chronica et Annales ævi Salui (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 6) (1844): (Roberti de Monte Cronica [Robert de Torigni]): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled "aunt" [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled "kinsman" [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled "kinsman" on the part of King Henry II's mother, Empress Maud), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "kinsman" [cognate]; Earl Hugh's wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Evreux "kinswoman" [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II's father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinsman" [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [cognate]); 27(1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinswoman" by King Henry II). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851) 18-19. Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 245 (Annals of Waverley sub AD. 1188 - Baldwin [de Revers], Earl of Cornwall, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry II). Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 372 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars styled "your cousin and our's" [votre cousin et au notre] by queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in letter to her son, King John dated 1200-1201; also see Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chattes 32 (1871): 412-413). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 33 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Henry II), 46 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of King Henry II). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled "kinsman" of King Henry II; see Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 83, footnote 1). Grasilier Cartulaires Inédits de la Saintonge 2: Cartulaire de l'Abbaye Royale de Notre-Dame de Saintes (1871): 13-16, 19-21, 35-36, 36 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France dated 1151 names her "sister” [sororis], Aelith), 37, 51 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France, dated 1140 names her "aunt" [amite], Agnes [de Barbezieux], Abbess of Saintes; charter witnessed by Aelith, "sister" [sorore] of Queen Eleanor), 52, 78. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 192 (birth of King Henry II); 2 (1873): 7 (sub A.D. 1168: Mathieu, Count of Boulogne, styled "kinsman" [cognatum] of King Henry II of England). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Set.) (1874): 285 (Ralph de Pale styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Montzey Hist. de is Fliche 1 (1877): 137-146. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 426, 439 (Chron. of Geoffrey Vosiensis: Sarah daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall and wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] of King Henry II of England). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 15 (1878): 767-768 (P[etrus Raimundi], Abbot of Saint Maxent, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in letters dated 1161). Eyton Court, Household & Intinerary of King Henry II (1878): 8 (Henry [de Sully], Abbot of Fécamp, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Stubbs Hist. Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1879): 93 (birth of King Henry II), 140-141 (David I, King of Scots, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] of King Henry II of England). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). Bain Cal. Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15-17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of Queen Eleanor). Hart Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia 1 (1884): 106 (Silvio de Cresto styled "queen's kinsman" [nepoti Regina]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 10-13 (seal of King Henry II - Obverse. King enthroned, holding sword and orb; generally ressembling the obverse of seals of Henry I. and Stephen, but with differences in arches on front of throne, and in the various proportions. Legend: + HENRICVS DEI • G[RATIA] • REX ANGLORUM. Four small points in cross placed as a stop between the words. Reverse. King on a horse to the right; hauberk, continuous coif, and chausses of chain-mail, here represented by rings. Conical helmet with nasal. Shield secured by strap passing round king's neck, and fastened by a ring into inner surface of leather. In right hand a long sword; in left hand the short strap of shield and reins. Horse's head-gear composed of chain-work. Legend: + HENR : DEI : GRA : DVX : NORM: [ ] ET : AQVIT : ET: COM : ANDEG.). Christie Annales Cestrienses (1887): 29-35 (Bertrade of Evreux, wife of Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "cousin" of King Henry II in chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164-1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled "kinswoman" [cognate] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). Gross Gild Merchant 2 (1890): 28-29 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem 1(1894): 108, 125-128, 180-181, 312, 470-471, 480-482, 519, 527, 567-568; 2 (1897): 18-19. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "7 Jul. [Obiit] Henricus secundus, rex Anglorum."). Archives Hist. de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6-7 (charter of Eleanor). Beauchet-Filleau Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des Families du Poitou 2 (1895): 320 ("L'obituaire de Fontevrault place son décès le jour des ides de janvier. Dnus Radulfus princeps de Faia, avunculus Dnæ Alienordis Reginae. (bat. 54802 89.)) (author identifies Ralph de Fay as son of Aimery I, Vicomte of Châtellerault). Wigram Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford 2 (1896): 116 (Empress Maud styled "sister" [soror] and her son, Henry [afterwards King Henry II of England] styled "nephew" [nepos] by Robert Fitz Roy, Earl of Gloucester in charter dated c.1142). Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Andre de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England, and her son, King John, in letter dated 1199). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 69 (grant by King Henry II dated 1186-9). Broussillon Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers 2 (1903): 84 (Raoul [de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "dearest kinsman" [charissimus cognatus] in letter by King Henry II of England). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78-93; 42 (1927): 569-572; 74 (1959): 193-213; 110 (1995): 652-655. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 104-105 (Mary, Abbess of Romsey, styled "kinswoman" [cognata/cognatam] by King Henry II). Jeayes Desc. Cat. Derbyshire Charters (1906): 244 (Maud [of Gloucester], Countess of Chester, styled "kinswoman" [cognata] by King Henry II in charter dated ?1175). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593-596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452-463 (biog. of Henry II: "... his nature was full of passion... [he] was a great builder... Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign... probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day... genius for government"). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie (1909): 352-354 (biog. of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England: "Un des recueils de Gaignières (ms. latin 5419, p. 80) nous a conservé l'image de sceau dont elle continua a se servir pendant son veuvage. C'est un long sceau allongé et pointu sot lequel elle est représentée debout, tenant on oiseau sur la main gauche; il ne subsistait que la dernière partie de la légende: NORMANORVM DUCISSA ET ANDEGAVIE COMITISSA. Il y a aux Auxives nationales, attaché a one charte de l'année 1199, on exemplaire mutile de ce même sceau."). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184-1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 ([Maud de Bohun], wife of Juhel de Mayenne, styled "neptis Regis" [kinswoman of King Henry II]). Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled "king's kinsman" in 1188), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see also Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; Round Cal Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II; see also Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1846): 142; Méms. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de Picardie 47 (1936): 182-184 (Eustache's mother named in charter as Isabel); Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XIe-XIIIe Siècle) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l'Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191-192 (Eustache named in charter as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavene, Count of Saint-Pol)]. Delisle & Berger Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre, Duc de Normandie 3 (1927): 136 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), ([Raoul de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Chartrou-Charbonnel L'Anjou de 1109 à 1151: Foulque de Jérusalem et Geoffroi Plantegenêt (1928). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 253 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Speculum 30 (1955): 374-384. Boussard Le Gouvernement d'Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32-33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153-156. Genealogists' Mag. 14 (1964): 361-368. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154 3 (1968). Charles Evans "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany," in Mélanges Offerts à Szaboles de Vajay à l'Occasion de Son Cinquitième Anniversaire (1971): 187-191 (Margery [de Bohun], wife of Pedro Manrique, Count of Lara, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II). Warren Henry II (1973): 216 (Roger [of Gloucester], Bishop of Worcester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II, cites William FitzStephen, III, 103-106). Kibler Eleanor of Aquitaine, Patron & Politcian (1976). Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14-15. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420-1920) (1977): 188-189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3(4) (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 2 (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II] later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Hanna Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89-90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321-336. Tyerman England & the Crusades 1095-1588 (1988): 48 ([Baldwin IV], King of Jerusalem, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II). Williamson Kings & Oueens of Britain (1991): 52-55 (biog. of Henry II:"... a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined.., well-grounded in law and history... undoubtedly a great king"), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Amt Accession of Henry II in England (1993). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "3 Kal. [Apr.] [30 March]. [Obiit] Alienor regina Anglie."). Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Church Medieval Knighthood V. Papers from the 66 Strawberry Hill Conf. 1994 (1995): 68. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Viator 27 (1996): 53 et seq. Vincent et al. Acta of Henry II & Richard 12 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67-69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled "king's kinsman'). Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England (1999). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Anglo-Norman Studies 23 (2001): 143-154. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Hanna Christchurch Priory Cartulary (Hampshire Rec. Ser. 18) (2007): 124 (Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II in charter dated 1154-71). Harper-Bill Henry II: New Interpretations (2007). Hosier Henry II (2007): 54. Cornwall Rec. Office: Arundell of Lanherne & Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert [Fitz Count], son of [Robert Fitz Roy], Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Online resource: The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm). Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153. He died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about 25 Dec. 1156, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65-66. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 434-435 (undated charter of King Henry II dated at Reading to Hurley Priory, Berkshire made for the health of the souls of his late son, William, and his grandfather, King Henry I). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Matthew of Paris Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum 1 (Rolls Set. 44) (1866): 307 (sub A.D. 1157: "In Adventu autem infirmatus Willelmus, primogenitus regis Henrici, obiit, diebus hujus anni scilicet Nataliciis; under dissentio est, utrum hoc vel anno praeterito obierit. Sepultus est autem apud Radingum."). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of William). Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34 (sub A.D. 1156: "Obiit Guillermus, primogenitus filius Henrici regis Anglorum, et sepultus est Radingis ad pedes Henrici regis, proavi sui."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hirst. (1872). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled "the Young King"), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or is Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. They had one son, William. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173-74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) BELA III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama [see HUNGARY 8], son of Geza II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama, by his wife, Euphrosine, daughter of Mstislav II the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. He was born about 1148. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following the death of her husband, Bela III, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66-67. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam of England (1851): 18-19. Douet-D'Arcq Historiques et Critiques sur les Anciens Comtes de Beaumont-sur-Oise (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie: Docs. Inédits 4) (1855): 50-51 (Henry the Young King of England styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Eleanor de Vermandois, Countess of Beaumont in charter dated 1184). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of Henry), 41-45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Henry). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: "Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo matito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit."). Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): iv (rare charter of Young Henry dated c.1170, in which he uses the style "rex Angliæ et Dux Normanniæ et Comes Andegaviæ, Regis Henrici filius"). Deville Tornbeaux de la Cathédral de Rotten (1881): 161-162,164-165,210-211. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13 (seal of Henry son of King Henry II dated 1170-1182 - King, enthroned, with sceptre and orb; sides of throne terminate in animals' heads, as on the thrones on the French royal seals. Legend: HENRICVS REX ANGLOR DVX NORMANNOR ET COMES ANDEGAVOR.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "11 Jun. [Obiit] Henricus tertius, rex Anglorum."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591-594, 602. Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382-384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240-241. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224-226. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he "used style rex Anglorum... hence called by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III"). Smith English Episc. Acta 2 Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110-111. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 96-97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297-326 ("the sole associate king in English post-conquest history"). Child of Henry of England, by Margaret of France: a. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born about 19 June 1177, died 22 June 1177. Benedict of Peterborough Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 177 ("Eodem anno [1177] circa clausum Pentecosten, Margareta, guæ, at supradictum est, prægnans abiit ad regem Franciæ patrem suum, peperit filium, et vocatum eat nomen ejus Willelmus, sed infra triduum obiit Parisius ubi natus fuit; et quidam dicebant quod abortivus fuit."). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH XII der Löwe (or HENRY the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich X, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, Holy Roman Emperor], and Wilhelm [Count of Luneburg], and two daughters, Maud and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180, and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Braunschweig (or Brunswick). In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. His wife, Maud, died at Braunschweig 28 June 1189. HEINRICH OF BRAUNSCHWEIG, former Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, died 6 August 1195. He and his wife, Maud, were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69-70. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Green Lives of the Princesses of England 1 (1857): 214-262 (biog. of Matilda of England). Pertz Historici Germania sac. XII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 21) (1869): 115-116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sæc. XII. et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled "kinsman" [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Ströhl Deutsch Wappenrolle (1897): 72. Hohnstein Geschichte des Heroztums Braunschweig (1908): 91-140 (biog. of Heinrich der Löwe). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Waltz Ottonis et Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris (Monumenta Germaniæ Histories, Scriptures rerum Germanicarum 46) (1912): 350 (Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris Appendix sub A.D. 1168: "... nam inter imperatorem et regem Angliæ fedus et amicicia fuit, data filia sua in uxorem Heinrico duci Bawariæ et Saxoniæ."). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 284 (ancestry of Maud of England). Jordan Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Löwen Herzogs von Sachsen and Bayern (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Laienfürsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit) (1941): 51-53 (Gebhard I, Count of Burghausen styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich), 107-108 (Otto VI, Count Palatine of Wittelsbach, afterwards Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepos] by Duke Heinrich), 181-182 (Friedrich II, Count Palatine of Saxony, Count of Sommerschenburg styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich). Foreville L'Eglise et le Royaute en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154-1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Appelt Die Urkunden Friedrichs I. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser 10(1)) (1975): 18-19, 231-233, 347-349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [cognate/cognate] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259-260, 332-335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepotem/nepos] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364-365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [consanguine] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Gens Nostra 46 (1991): 540-541. Kegel Die Jüngere Hildesheimer Briefsammlung (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Die Briefe Der Deutschen Kaiserzeit 7) (1995): 101-102 (letter of Heinrich of Braunschweig to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188), 102-103 (Heinrich of Braunschweig styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] in letter from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Jour. Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379-393. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bayern/heinrich_12_derloewe_herzog_von_bayern_1195_welfen/heinrich_12_der loewe_herzog_von_bayern_und_sachsen_+_1195.html. Children of Maud of England, by Duke Heinrich XII der Löwe: a. OTTO OF BRUNSWICK, 3rd son. He was educated at the court of his uncle, King Richard I of England, under whose experience he gained valuable experience in war. He was appointed Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, and Earl of Yorkshire. When Emperor Henry VI died in Sept. 1197, some of the German princes under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, were anxious to find a rival to Philip, Duke of Swabia, who had been elected German king. Otto married (1st) 22 July 1212 BEATRIX OF HOHENSTAUFEN, daughter of Philip, Duke of Swabia. They had no issue. His wife, Beatrix, died 11 August 1212. He married (2nd) at Aachen 19 May 1214 MARIA OF BRABANT, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Lorraine and Brabant, Margrave of Antwerp, by his 1st wife, Machtild (or Mahaud), daughter and co-heiress of Mathieu of Flanders, Count of Boulogne [see BRABANT 5 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. OTTO IV, late Emperor, died at the Harzburg 19 May 1218, and was buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. His widow, Maria, married (2nd) in July 1220 WILHELM (or WILLEM) I, Count of Holland [see HOLLAND 5]. She died between 9 March and 14 June 1260. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 477-478 (Richard I, King of England, styled "uncle" [avunculus] in charter of Otto, Duke of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 28-29, 87-88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" [nepos] by King John of England). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 37-48 (Otto of Saxony [former Emperor Otto IV] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 57-60 (Otto [IV], late Emperor, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1228). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 290 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1218: "Otho imperator Alemanniæ, nepos Ricardi et Johannis regum obiit."). Piot Cartulaire de l'Abbeye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 199-200 (charter of Henri [II], Duke of Lorraine and Brabant dated 1240, names his "dear sister" [charissima soror], Maria, former Empress of the Romans). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 298-299 ("Eodem anno [1195] Willelmus rex Scottorum ægrotavit, in villa sua quæ dicitur Clacmanan et statuit Othonem filium Henrici ducis Saxoniæ, nepotem Ricardi regis sibi successurum in regnum Scottorum, ita quod ipse Otho filiam suam primogenitam in uxorem cum regno duceret. Et quamvis rex plures haberet qui voluntati suæ in hoc consentirent, tamen comes Patricius et alii multi contradixerunt ..."). Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sac. XII et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 385 (F Gervasii Tilleberiensis Otiis Imperialibus: William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, styled "uncle" [avunculum] of Emperor Otto IV). Doyle Official Baronage of England 3 (1886): 740 (sub York). Thatcher & McNeal Source Book for Mediæval Hist. (1905): 228 (Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" by King John of England in 1202). Hohnstein Geschichte des Herzogtams Braunschweig (1908): 141-149 (biog. of Kaiser Otto IV). Encyclopædia Britannica 20 (1911): 375 (biog. of Otto IV, Roman emperor). Nicholson Love, War & the Grail (2001). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/otto_4_deutscher_koenig_1218_welfen/otto_4_von_ braunschweig_deutscher_koeni8-+_1218.html. b. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF BRUNSWICK, born in 1172. She married (1st) in July 1189 GEOFFREY III, Count of Perche, lord of Toddington, Bedfordshire and Aldbourne and Wanborough, Wiltshire, son of Rotrou III, Count of Perche, by Mathilde, daughter of Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. They had two sons, Geoffrey and Thomas [Count of the Perche]. GEOFFREY III, Count of the Perche, died 5 April 1202. His widow, Maud, married (2nd) before 1203 (as his 1st wife) ENGUERRAND DE COUCY, seigneur of Coucy, and, in right of his wife, Count of the Perche, son and heir of Raoul de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy, by Alix, daughter of Robert I, Count of Dreux. She died in 13 Jan. 1209/10. Placitorum in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservatorum Abbrevatio (1811): 55. Rotuli litterarum patentium in turri Londinensi asservati 1201- 1216 (1834): 18 (Maud, Countess of the Perche, styled "niece" [nepti] by King John of England in 1202). Lepinois & Merlet Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres 2 (1863): 21 (charter of Maud, Countess of Perche, dated June 1202, names her late husband, Geoffrey, and her son, Thomas), 22. Herald & Genealogist 6 (1871): 241- 253 ([Maud], Countess of Perche styled "niece" [neptis] by King John, cites Rot. Normann. p. 87.). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 436-438 (J. de Pertico [Enguerrand de Coucy, Count of the Perche] styled "your kinsman" [consobrinum tuum] in letter from Pope Innocent III to King Philippe Auguste of France in 1203). Money Hist. of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11(1903): 304-305. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 374 (biog. of Geoffrey de Perche). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France: County of the Perche 1000-1226 (2002). Kathleen Thompson "Matilda, countess of the Perche (1171-1210): The expression of authority in name, style and seal" available at www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/crahm/revue/tabularia/thompson.html. iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Cæur-de-Lion or the Iionheart), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice (or Alix) of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother's inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173-4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175-77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry's death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father's orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions, including Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard's marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry's death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BERENGERE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho Vi el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard's journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, whom he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. His second Coronation was solemnised in Winchester Cathedral 17 April 1194. In October 1196 he made peace with Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, renouncing all claims to the county of Toulouse and the subject county of Rouergue; he also returned Quercy and gave the Agenais as part of the dowry for his sister Joan's marriage to Raymond. In 1199, during a minor siege at Chalus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. Following Richard's death, the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire formed part of his widow, Berengere's dower, but she did not enjoy her full tights as indicated by a papal letter to King John in 1209. In 1204 Bérengère ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thoré in Maine. She was co-heiress in 1226 to her cousin, Guillaume, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, Count of Perche. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l'Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l'Epau Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73-80. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1045-1046 (charters of Queen Bérengère of England). Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 12. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 266 (Obit. of Tintem Abbey: "Ricardus Rex Angliæ primus obiit xxvii. die Mardi"; "Berengerus et comitissa soror ejus obiit xxiij. die Decembris."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 313-314. Brequigny Table Chronologique des Diplomes, Charles, Titres et Actes Imprimés concernant l'Histoire de France 4 (1836): 357. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. Ill. the Hist. of Scotland 1(1837): xxviii-xxix (William the lion, King of Scots styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Richard I of England). Archæologia 27 (1838): 109-112. Green Letters of Royal & Ill Ladies (1846): 30-34 (two letters of Bérengère, Queen of England). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Riley Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1853): 120 (Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham, styled "our dearly beloved cousin" by King Richard I). Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21(1855): 604 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): "... Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi"). Migne Innocentii III Romani pontificis opera omnia (Patrologia Ser. Latina 215) (1855): 1538-1539. Arbois de Jubainville Hist. des Ducs et des Comtes de Champagne 5 (1863): 195, 229-230, 238. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Charles 2 (1866): 181-182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled "aunt" [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] "Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de Ella Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus."). Lalore Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Boulancoutt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: "23 Dec. - solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d'Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne"). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 39 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Richard I), 151 (Chronicon Sancti Sergii Andegavensis: death of King Richard I). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147-159. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 447 ([Blanche of Navarre], Countess of Troyes, styled "sister" [sororem] of Queen Bérengère in letter by Pope Innocent III to King John dated 1204). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13-14 (seal of King Richard I - Obverse. King enthroned: closely fitting tunic, loose surcoat with embroidered edges at neck and arms, and cloak. Open crown of three points fleury. In right hand a sword held erect; in left hand an orb topped by a cross fleur-de-lisée. Throne of elaborate pannelled work, of four stages of arcading with intervening head-mouldings, the back splayed away, and footboard enriched with carvings of quatrefoils, and a corbel on seven arches. In the field, on either side of king's head, a crescent enclosing an estoile of seven points wavy. On either side of throne a sprig of the planta genista, or broom. Legend: + RICARDVS DEI GRACIA REX ANGLORVM. Reverse. King on horseback to right. Hauberk and surcoat of mail armour, conical helmet, large broad sword, bowed shield on which a lion rampant contoume. Horse-trappings: head-gear, ornamental saddle and breast-band. Legend: + RICARDVS DVX NORMANNORVM ET AQVITANORVM ET COMES ANDEGAVORVM.). Meyer L'Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338-340, esp. lines 9392-9432 (André de Chauvigny styled "king's kinsman"). Delisle Manuscrits Latins et Français ajoutés aux Fonds des Nouvelles Acquisitions Pendant les Années 1875-1894 2 (1894): 509-510 (Calendrier of Maubuisson Abbey) ("X kal. januarii [23 Dec.]. Obiit Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 556-557 (charter of King Richard I dated 1189-1190); 2 (1897): 179-180. Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 89-90 (William the lion, King of Scotland styled "dearest cousin" by King Richard I of England in 1189), 92-93 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and cousin and liegeman" by King Richard I of England in 1194). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(2) (Recueil des Historiens de la France - Obituaires) (1902): 645 (Abbaye de Port Royal: "x. cal. [23 Dec.]. Ce jour est fait l’anniversaire de Berangarie, royne [1229], et de Blanche, contesse, et non en convent."), 655 (Abbaye de Maubuisson: "[23 Dec.]. x kal. jan. Obiit. Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Lair (Société des Archives Hist. du Maine 6) (1905): 80-81. D.N.B. 16(1909): 1022-1031 (biog. of Richard I: "... He was a stern ruler.., where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault... In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree... He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher... a man of many accomplishments"). Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: "A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale"). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 18-20 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Richard I in 1197). Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174-1328 (1965): 12-14 (William the lion, King of Scotland, styled "kinsman" by King Richard in 1189), 18-19 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and kinsman" [amico et consanguineo] by King Richard in 1194). Paget lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185-198; 23 (1997): 351-365. Bull. Inst. Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157-173. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36-37. Mitchell Berengaria, Enigmatic Queen of England (1986). King & Ridyard Law in Mediæval Life & Thought (Sewanee Mediæal Studies 5) (1990): 21-42. Williamson Kings & Queens of Britain (1991): 55-56,65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 127 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus April [6 April]. Obiit Ricardus Rex Anglie, qui dedit Boscum de Blen cum pertinentiis suis Ecclesie Christi."), 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus Apr. 16 April]. Obiit Richardus rex Angliae."). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37-53; 43 (1999): 79-89. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58,189-200. French Hist. Studies 21 (1998): 517-542. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart's Queen (1999): 23 (Queen Bérengère's "long years of widowhood" reveal "a strong, courageous woman, independent, solitary, battling against difficult political and economic circumstances, with little interest in the trappings of a courtly existence, sustained by her faith in Christ and her royalty to the See of St Peter, not afraid to assert her rights against powerful enemies, both lay and clerical."), 183 (Queen Bérengère styled "kinswoman" by King Louis IX of France). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 97,105. Online resources: www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm. Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, ___: a. PHILIP FITZ ROY (otherwise PHILIP DE COGNAC), in right of his wife, of Cognac, Merpins, and Jarnac. He married AMELIE DE COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Adémar, Count of Angouleme, did homage to him in 1194, and also after his father's death. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father's death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Bull. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de l'Ouest et des Musées de Poitiers 12 (1845): 415. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464-465 ("In the same year [A.D. 11991, Philip, bastard son of Richard, king of England, to whom the said king, his father, had given the castle and the manor of Cuinac, slew the before-named viscount of Limoges, in revenge for his father."). Comptes d'Alphonse de Poitiers (Archives Hist. du Poitou 4) (1875): 21-22 ("... Tempore domini comids Pictavensis Henrici, qui fuit rex Anglie, quittavit pater comitis Audomaris Engolismensis, in aula Pictavensi, Bardon, dominum Coignyaci, de homagio quod petebat ab ipso de Coygnyaco, et eo presente et concedente, fecit homagium dominus Coygnyaci domini comiti Pictavensi, de Cognyaco et pertinentiis; et credo quod adhuc vivunt multi qui hoc viderunt. Filius dicti domini Cognyaci fecit similiter homagium Richardo Pictavensi, de Coygnyaco et pertinentiis; quo domino Cognyaci mortuo, dedit rex Richardus comes Pictavensis dominam Amellyam unicam heredem Coygnyaci, quam habebat in ballo, ratione comitatus Pictavensis, in uxorem cuidam filio suo notho, scilicet Philippo de Coygnyaco; qua defuncta sine liberis, tenuit dictus comes Richardus dictum castrum et eum tradidit Roberto de Torniant, senescallo suo Pictavensis."). Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes 1 (1883): 271. Boissonade Quomodo Comites Engolismenses ega Reges Anglia, et Francia se Gesserint 1152- 1328 (1893). Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330. Furness I. & Death of King John (1919): 6-9. Boissonade L'Ascension, le Déclin et la Chute d'un Grand Etat Féodal du Centre-Ouest: Les Taillefer et les Lusignans (Bull. et Méms. de la Soc. Arch. et Hist. de la Charente) (1935). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 ("Philipp° f[ilio] R. Richardi"). Martin-Civat Les Seigneuties de Cognac, Jarnac et Metpins dons l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XIIe et XIIIe Siècle (Congrès des Socs. Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956). Henderson Richard Coeur de Lion (1959): 242. Shakespeare Quarterly 11 (1960): 137-146. Powicke Loss of Normandy (1961): 32-33. Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274-275. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102. Le Château Royal of Cognac (Mems./Institut d'Hist. et d'Arch. de Cognac et du Cognaçais) 2 (1972): 5. Shakespeare Studies (1976): 59-70. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126-127, 179. Debord La Soc. Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente Xe-XlIe Siècle (1984): 486-488. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 769 (sub Limoges). Evergates Feudal Soc. in Medieval France (1993): 58-59. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58. Bernard et al. Hist. du Poitou et des Pays Charentais (2001): 151. Erickson Royal Panoply: Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (2006): 46. v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 (by dispensation, they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY [see BRITTANY 6], daughter and heiress of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland [see BRITTANY 5 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1162. They had three children (see below). In 1178 he was knighted at Woodstock by his father. In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Notre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH, Earl of Chester [see CHESTER 5.i], Judge in the King's Court, 1193, Constable of Sermilly Castle, 1201-4, Constable of the Tower of Avranches, 1203, Warden of the Peak Castle and Forest, 1215, Steward of the Town and Honour of Lancaster, 1216-23, Constable of Fotheringay Castle, 1221-2, Steward of the Honour of Leicester, 1222, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, son and heir of Hugh, Earl of Chester, hereditary Vicomte of Avranches, by Bertrade, daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux, seigneur of Montfort-l'Amaury [see CHESTER 5 for his ancestry]. They had no issue. In 1196 Ranulph captured Constance en route to her 6n5li7ing negotiations with King Richard I and confined her at Benvron for at least a year. Soon after her release, she sought the annulment of their marriage which was granted in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. She married (3rd) before October 1199 (as his 1st wife) GUY DE THOUARS [see BRITTANY 6], in right of his 1st wife, Count (or Duke) of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars, by his wife, Aumur (or Aumou) [see AQUITAINE 3.ii.a for his ancestry]. They had three daughters, Alix (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond), Marguerite, and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was buried at Villeneuve. In 1202 he joined King Philippe Augustus, and his English lands were confiscated. He served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) EUSTACHE DE MAULEON, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d'Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre de Chemillé, Knt. [seigneur of Chemille, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas de Chemillé, Knt. In October 1203 he was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. In 1206 King Philippe Auguste of France granted him le Broherec, la Cornouaille, and le Pouher. GUY DE THOUARS died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) RENAUD DE MAULEVRIER. She was living in 1244. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67-68. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1333 (abstract of charter of Guy de Thouars dated 1208 naming his mother, Aumuz, and his wife, [Constance] Countess of Brittany). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1(1725): 445-461 (sub Bretagne). Morice Méms. pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 37-38, 822 (dower of Katherine of Brittany, wife of André III de Vitré), 912-913, 917, 919-920 (instances of Pierre de Chemillé styled "uncle" [avunculus] by Jean, Duke of Brittany, in 1238, 1240, 1241), 930-931 (Thomas de Chemillé styled "brother" [fratri] by Pierre de Chemillé). Morice Histoire Ecclésiastique et Civil de Bretagne 1 (1750): xvii-xviii (Counts of Penthievre ped). Banks Dormant & Extinct Baronage of England 1 (1807): 218-220. Hanshall Hut. of the County Palatine of Chester (1823): 21-23. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 325 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated 1230), 574-575 (Jerveaux Abbey - Genealogy of the Counts of Richmond). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 247-249. Extracta e Vanis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 70 ("Henricus, regis Dauid filius, comes Huntyntoune et Northumbrie vxorem duxit Adam filiam Willelmi senioris, sororis Willelmi junioris comitis de Warenna, et sororem comitis Roberti Legecesterensis, et Walranni comitis de Melent, cuius mater fait soror Rodulphi comitis de Perona, regis Francorum Ludouici consanguinea, ex qua suscepit tres inclitos filios Genuit eciam idem princeps Henricus totidem Elias ex uxore sua predicta Ada, scilicet, Adam, que lege conjugii tradita est comiti Holandie Fiorentino: secundam, Margaretam Conano duci Britannie comiti de Richmonth nuptam, ex qua genuit filiam nomine Constanciam Gaufrido, comiti Ancligauie, fratri regis Anglie Richardi Primi, disponsatam, de qua Gaufridus genuit alum nomine Arthurum, postea in mare mersum, vnam eciam filiam, Aleciam nomine, que a Petro Mauclerk concepit et peperit filium, normna Johannem, postea ducem Britannie, et aliam filiani nomine Alienoram, que cum Arthuro fratre in mare periit."). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 365-369 (re. Thouars fam.). Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbaris 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 207. Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Geoffrey). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 35 (1874): 8-9 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5 (seal of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond dated 1185 - Le duc à cheval, vêtu du haubert, coiffé d'un heaume a timbre arrondi; lance au gonfanon. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS DVX BRI Revers: Le duc à cheval, couvert d'un immense bouclier, brandissant son épée. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS COMES RICHEMVNDIE), 5-6 (undated seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond - Dame debout, coiffée en tresses, revêtue d'un sur ___ ajusté du corsage, des hanches et des bras, at recouvert d'une chape, un faucon sur le poing, en fleuron dans la main droite. [Légende:]* CONSTANCIA DVCISS … [COM]ITISSA RICH[EMUN]DIE). Ormerod Hist. of the County Palatine & City of Chester 1 (1882): 33-41. Robertson Materials for the Hist. of Thomas Becket 6 (Rolls Ser. 67) (1882): 170-174. Bull & Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Département d'Ille-et-Vilaine 17 (1885): 370-371, 371-372 (charter dated 1182-85 of Geoffrey son of King Henry, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richmond; charter granted with consent of his wife, Constance), 373 (charter dated 1183-86 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to the church of Rouen), 374- 376 (charter dated 1187 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 376-377 (charter dated 1189 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 377-378 (charter dated 1193 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Melaine of Rennes Abbey), 379-380 (charter dated 1198 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond), 380-381 (charter dated 1199 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Notre Dame près Aurai Priory), 383-384 (charter dated 1199-1201 of Guy de Thouars, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond and his wife, Constance, Duchess of Brittany to Melerai Abbey), 384-387 (foundation charter dated 1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond for Villeneuve Abbey), 387 (charter dated 1187-1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Buzai Abbey), 388-390, 391-392 (charter dated 1205 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the monks of Villeneuve), 394-397 (charter dated 1207 by Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the canons of Nantes), 397-406, 406-407 (charter dated 1212 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany), 408, 409 (charter dated 1201-13 of Guy, Duke of Brittany to the nuns of Saint-Sulpice les Rennes). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 365-366 (sub Chester); 3 (1886): 107-109 (sub Richmond). Annales Cestrienses (Lanc. & Cheshire Rec. Soc. 14) (1887): 40-41 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1188: "Rannulphus comes cestrie Cui etiam dedit Henricus rex anglie in uxorem relictam v Kl. [recte Galfridi filii sui] Cui comitissam britannie filia Alani [recte Conant] Comitis britannie nominee Constancia et toto comittatu de Richemund quam ipse comes Cestrie Rannulphus desponsavit in die Sancte Werburge virginis, id est, tertia nonas Februarii [3 Feb.] apud ..."), 46 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1200: "Rannulphus comes Cestrie desponsavit uxorem filiam Radulphi de Feugis, nomine Clementiam, relicta comitissa Britannie, nomine Constancia."). La Borderie Recueil d’Actes Inédits des Ducs et Princes de Bretagne (XIe, XIIe, XIIIe Siecles) (1888). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 378 (seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond dated 1190-1198 - Pointed oval. To the right. Standing, with tightly-fitting dress, long fur-lined cloak fastened at the throat, in the right hand a lily-flower, on the left hand a hawk with long jesses.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Gaufridus comes."). Rosenzweig Cartulaire général de Morbihan 1 (1895): 190-191 (charter of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, dated between 1182-1183). Inventaire Sommaire des Archives Départementales antérieures a 1790, Loire-Inférieure 2(2) Ser. C & D (1898): 147. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 220 (Livre d'Anniversaires des XIVe-XVe Siedes: "18 August - [Obiit] Gaufridi, comitis Britanie [1186]."). Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 531-532. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 355. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 58-70. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103-106, 371-372 (biog. of Geoffrey Fitz Roy, Count of Brittany). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 441-458. Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 195 (chart). Le Moyen Age 35 (1924-5): 63-70. Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Peds. (1925): 11 (ped. of Earls of Chester). Brunel et al. Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 2 (1943): 542. C.P. 10 (1945): 780 (chart), 794-805 (sub Richmond). Annales de Bretagne 53 (1946), 1-27. Painter Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). BIHR 50 (1977): 112-115. Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 2 (1981): 13 (seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated c.1200 - A shield of arms: a lion passant. Legend: + SIGILLVM [R]A[NVF]I COMMS CESTRIE). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as "a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler"). Hist. Research 63 (1990): 1-16. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 45-47. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany & her Fam. (1999). Everard Brittany & the Angevins (2000). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 347-360. Jones Between France & England (2003): 38-40. Wheeler & Parsons Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 101. Richard Eales, `Ranulf (HI), sixth earl of Chester and first earl of Lincoln (1170-1232)', in Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (2004). Bull & Léglu World of Eleanor of Aquitaine (2005). Guéraud Contribution a "Etude du Processus coutumier au Moyen Age (2008): 250 (charter of Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, dated after 1173 names his mother, Aumou, his wife Sibyl; his brothers, Guy, Hugues, Geoffroi, and Raymond; and his sisters, Marie and Amabil), 251 (chart), 305. Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany: a. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182-4.She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold's death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 October 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wiltshire. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 ("commonly called The Damsel of Britain"). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Green Letters of Royal & Ill. Ladies (1846): 24-27 ("The ac	of England, Eleanor (I7160)
6019	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1133. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, at Whitsuntide 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ALIENOR) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine [see FRANCE 6] (divorced 21 March 1152), and daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Aénor, daughter of Amaury (or Aimery) I, Vicomte of Châtellerault [see AQUITAINE 4 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud [Abbess of Barking]. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen's heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the "Angevin empire" (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. In 1158 he confirmed a treaty with King Louis VII of France involving the marriage of Henry's son to the French king's daughter. In the summer of 1159 he launched an unsuccessful expedition against Toulouse, which he claimed as Duke of Aquitaine. His reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connacht, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king's bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Poitiers (Vienne), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried in the church of the Abbey of Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire). Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1st marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France [see FRANCE 6], namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes) [see BLOIS 4] and Alix of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France [see WYDEVILLE 4]. References: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20 (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules at de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France, etc.); 13 (1869): 308 i (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703,708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines); 19 (1880): 336-337. Schwennicke Europæische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquataine: Lord & Lady (2003). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59-72. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1128 (Agnes de Barbezillo styled "aunt" famital of Queen Eleanor [of Aquitaine), wife of King Louis WI of France). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 17 (Kalendar of Obits: "II Non. Julius [6 July]. Obitus Henrici Regis Anglie, filie Matildis."). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1725): 76-77. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7-10, 10-12 (will of King Henry II). L'Art de Vérifier les Dates 2 (1784): 348-365 (sub Comtes de Poitiers, Ducs de Aquitaine). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1786): 190 (Ex Radulfi de Diceto: Ralph de Fay styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1 (1) (1816): 81-82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William [Fitz Roy], 4th Earl of Surrey (or Warenne), styled "kinsman" [cognati] by King Henry II). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1-4 (will of King Henry II of England). Gray Scalacronica (1836): 278 (Ermengarde de Beaumont, wife of William the Lion, King of Scots styled "cousin" [cosyn] of King Henry II of England). Historiæ Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (Surtees Soc. 9) (1839): Appendix, pg. 1, charter no. xixii (Hugh [du Puiset], Bishop of Durham, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 304-378 (biog. of Eleanora of Aquitaine). Pertz Chronica et Annales ævi Salui (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 6) (1844): (Roberti de Monte Cronica [Robert de Torigni]): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled "aunt" [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled "kinsman" [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled "kinsman" on the part of King Henry II's mother, Empress Maud), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "kinsman" [cognate]; Earl Hugh's wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Evreux "kinswoman" [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II's father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinsman" [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [cognate]); 27(1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinswoman" by King Henry II). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851) 18-19. Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 245 (Annals of Waverley sub AD. 1188 - Baldwin [de Revers], Earl of Cornwall, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry II). Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 372 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars styled "your cousin and our's" [votre cousin et au notre] by queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in letter to her son, King John dated 1200-1201; also see Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chattes 32 (1871): 412-413). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 33 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Henry II), 46 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of King Henry II). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled "kinsman" of King Henry II; see Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 83, footnote 1). Grasilier Cartulaires Inédits de la Saintonge 2: Cartulaire de l'Abbaye Royale de Notre-Dame de Saintes (1871): 13-16, 19-21, 35-36, 36 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France dated 1151 names her "sister” [sororis], Aelith), 37, 51 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France, dated 1140 names her "aunt" [amite], Agnes [de Barbezieux], Abbess of Saintes; charter witnessed by Aelith, "sister" [sorore] of Queen Eleanor), 52, 78. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 192 (birth of King Henry II); 2 (1873): 7 (sub A.D. 1168: Mathieu, Count of Boulogne, styled "kinsman" [cognatum] of King Henry II of England). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Set.) (1874): 285 (Ralph de Pale styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Montzey Hist. de is Fliche 1 (1877): 137-146. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 426, 439 (Chron. of Geoffrey Vosiensis: Sarah daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall and wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] of King Henry II of England). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 15 (1878): 767-768 (P[etrus Raimundi], Abbot of Saint Maxent, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in letters dated 1161). Eyton Court, Household & Intinerary of King Henry II (1878): 8 (Henry [de Sully], Abbot of Fécamp, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Stubbs Hist. Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1879): 93 (birth of King Henry II), 140-141 (David I, King of Scots, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] of King Henry II of England). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). Bain Cal. Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15-17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of Queen Eleanor). Hart Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia 1 (1884): 106 (Silvio de Cresto styled "queen's kinsman" [nepoti Regina]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 10-13 (seal of King Henry II - Obverse. King enthroned, holding sword and orb; generally ressembling the obverse of seals of Henry I. and Stephen, but with differences in arches on front of throne, and in the various proportions. Legend: + HENRICVS DEI • G[RATIA] • REX ANGLORUM. Four small points in cross placed as a stop between the words. Reverse. King on a horse to the right; hauberk, continuous coif, and chausses of chain-mail, here represented by rings. Conical helmet with nasal. Shield secured by strap passing round king's neck, and fastened by a ring into inner surface of leather. In right hand a long sword; in left hand the short strap of shield and reins. Horse's head-gear composed of chain-work. Legend: + HENR : DEI : GRA : DVX : NORM: [ ] ET : AQVIT : ET: COM : ANDEG.). Christie Annales Cestrienses (1887): 29-35 (Bertrade of Evreux, wife of Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "cousin" of King Henry II in chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164-1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled "kinswoman" [cognate] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). Gross Gild Merchant 2 (1890): 28-29 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem 1(1894): 108, 125-128, 180-181, 312, 470-471, 480-482, 519, 527, 567-568; 2 (1897): 18-19. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "7 Jul. [Obiit] Henricus secundus, rex Anglorum."). Archives Hist. de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6-7 (charter of Eleanor). Beauchet-Filleau Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des Families du Poitou 2 (1895): 320 ("L'obituaire de Fontevrault place son décès le jour des ides de janvier. Dnus Radulfus princeps de Faia, avunculus Dnæ Alienordis Reginae. (bat. 54802 89.)) (author identifies Ralph de Fay as son of Aimery I, Vicomte of Châtellerault). Wigram Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford 2 (1896): 116 (Empress Maud styled "sister" [soror] and her son, Henry [afterwards King Henry II of England] styled "nephew" [nepos] by Robert Fitz Roy, Earl of Gloucester in charter dated c.1142). Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Andre de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England, and her son, King John, in letter dated 1199). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 69 (grant by King Henry II dated 1186-9). Broussillon Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers 2 (1903): 84 (Raoul [de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "dearest kinsman" [charissimus cognatus] in letter by King Henry II of England). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78-93; 42 (1927): 569-572; 74 (1959): 193-213; 110 (1995): 652-655. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 104-105 (Mary, Abbess of Romsey, styled "kinswoman" [cognata/cognatam] by King Henry II). Jeayes Desc. Cat. Derbyshire Charters (1906): 244 (Maud [of Gloucester], Countess of Chester, styled "kinswoman" [cognata] by King Henry II in charter dated ?1175). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593-596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452-463 (biog. of Henry II: "... his nature was full of passion... [he] was a great builder... Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign... probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day... genius for government"). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie (1909): 352-354 (biog. of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England: "Un des recueils de Gaignières (ms. latin 5419, p. 80) nous a conservé l'image de sceau dont elle continua a se servir pendant son veuvage. C'est un long sceau allongé et pointu sot lequel elle est représentée debout, tenant on oiseau sur la main gauche; il ne subsistait que la dernière partie de la légende: NORMANORVM DUCISSA ET ANDEGAVIE COMITISSA. Il y a aux Auxives nationales, attaché a one charte de l'année 1199, on exemplaire mutile de ce même sceau."). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184-1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 ([Maud de Bohun], wife of Juhel de Mayenne, styled "neptis Regis" [kinswoman of King Henry II]). Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled "king's kinsman" in 1188), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see also Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; Round Cal Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II; see also Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1846): 142; Méms. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de Picardie 47 (1936): 182-184 (Eustache's mother named in charter as Isabel); Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XIe-XIIIe Siècle) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l'Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191-192 (Eustache named in charter as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavene, Count of Saint-Pol)]. Delisle & Berger Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre, Duc de Normandie 3 (1927): 136 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), ([Raoul de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Chartrou-Charbonnel L'Anjou de 1109 à 1151: Foulque de Jérusalem et Geoffroi Plantegenêt (1928). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 253 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Speculum 30 (1955): 374-384. Boussard Le Gouvernement d'Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32-33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153-156. Genealogists' Mag. 14 (1964): 361-368. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154 3 (1968). Charles Evans "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany," in Mélanges Offerts à Szaboles de Vajay à l'Occasion de Son Cinquitième Anniversaire (1971): 187-191 (Margery [de Bohun], wife of Pedro Manrique, Count of Lara, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II). Warren Henry II (1973): 216 (Roger [of Gloucester], Bishop of Worcester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II, cites William FitzStephen, III, 103-106). Kibler Eleanor of Aquitaine, Patron & Politcian (1976). Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14-15. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420-1920) (1977): 188-189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3(4) (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 2 (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II] later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Hanna Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89-90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321-336. Tyerman England & the Crusades 1095-1588 (1988): 48 ([Baldwin IV], King of Jerusalem, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II). Williamson Kings & Oueens of Britain (1991): 52-55 (biog. of Henry II:"... a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined.., well-grounded in law and history... undoubtedly a great king"), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Amt Accession of Henry II in England (1993). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "3 Kal. [Apr.] [30 March]. [Obiit] Alienor regina Anglie."). Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Church Medieval Knighthood V. Papers from the 66 Strawberry Hill Conf. 1994 (1995): 68. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Viator 27 (1996): 53 et seq. Vincent et al. Acta of Henry II & Richard 12 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67-69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled "king's kinsman'). Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England (1999). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Anglo-Norman Studies 23 (2001): 143-154. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Hanna Christchurch Priory Cartulary (Hampshire Rec. Ser. 18) (2007): 124 (Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II in charter dated 1154-71). Harper-Bill Henry II: New Interpretations (2007). Hosier Henry II (2007): 54. Cornwall Rec. Office: Arundell of Lanherne & Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert [Fitz Count], son of [Robert Fitz Roy], Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Online resource: The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm). Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153. He died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about 25 Dec. 1156, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65-66. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 434-435 (undated charter of King Henry II dated at Reading to Hurley Priory, Berkshire made for the health of the souls of his late son, William, and his grandfather, King Henry I). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Matthew of Paris Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum 1 (Rolls Set. 44) (1866): 307 (sub A.D. 1157: "In Adventu autem infirmatus Willelmus, primogenitus regis Henrici, obiit, diebus hujus anni scilicet Nataliciis; under dissentio est, utrum hoc vel anno praeterito obierit. Sepultus est autem apud Radingum."). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of William). Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34 (sub A.D. 1156: "Obiit Guillermus, primogenitus filius Henrici regis Anglorum, et sepultus est Radingis ad pedes Henrici regis, proavi sui."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hirst. (1872). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled "the Young King"), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or is Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. They had one son, William. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173-74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) BELA III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama [see HUNGARY 8], son of Geza II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama, by his wife, Euphrosine, daughter of Mstislav II the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. He was born about 1148. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following the death of her husband, Bela III, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66-67. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam of England (1851): 18-19. Douet-D'Arcq Historiques et Critiques sur les Anciens Comtes de Beaumont-sur-Oise (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie: Docs. Inédits 4) (1855): 50-51 (Henry the Young King of England styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Eleanor de Vermandois, Countess of Beaumont in charter dated 1184). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of Henry), 41-45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Henry). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: "Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo matito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit."). Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): iv (rare charter of Young Henry dated c.1170, in which he uses the style "rex Angliæ et Dux Normanniæ et Comes Andegaviæ, Regis Henrici filius"). Deville Tornbeaux de la Cathédral de Rotten (1881): 161-162,164-165,210-211. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13 (seal of Henry son of King Henry II dated 1170-1182 - King, enthroned, with sceptre and orb; sides of throne terminate in animals' heads, as on the thrones on the French royal seals. Legend: HENRICVS REX ANGLOR DVX NORMANNOR ET COMES ANDEGAVOR.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "11 Jun. [Obiit] Henricus tertius, rex Anglorum."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591-594, 602. Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382-384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240-241. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224-226. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he "used style rex Anglorum... hence called by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III"). Smith English Episc. Acta 2 Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110-111. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 96-97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297-326 ("the sole associate king in English post-conquest history"). Child of Henry of England, by Margaret of France: a. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born about 19 June 1177, died 22 June 1177. Benedict of Peterborough Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 177 ("Eodem anno [1177] circa clausum Pentecosten, Margareta, guæ, at supradictum est, prægnans abiit ad regem Franciæ patrem suum, peperit filium, et vocatum eat nomen ejus Willelmus, sed infra triduum obiit Parisius ubi natus fuit; et quidam dicebant quod abortivus fuit."). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH XII der Löwe (or HENRY the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich X, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, Holy Roman Emperor], and Wilhelm [Count of Luneburg], and two daughters, Maud and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180, and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Braunschweig (or Brunswick). In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. His wife, Maud, died at Braunschweig 28 June 1189. HEINRICH OF BRAUNSCHWEIG, former Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, died 6 August 1195. He and his wife, Maud, were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69-70. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Green Lives of the Princesses of England 1 (1857): 214-262 (biog. of Matilda of England). Pertz Historici Germania sac. XII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 21) (1869): 115-116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sæc. XII. et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled "kinsman" [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Ströhl Deutsch Wappenrolle (1897): 72. Hohnstein Geschichte des Heroztums Braunschweig (1908): 91-140 (biog. of Heinrich der Löwe). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Waltz Ottonis et Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris (Monumenta Germaniæ Histories, Scriptures rerum Germanicarum 46) (1912): 350 (Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris Appendix sub A.D. 1168: "... nam inter imperatorem et regem Angliæ fedus et amicicia fuit, data filia sua in uxorem Heinrico duci Bawariæ et Saxoniæ."). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 284 (ancestry of Maud of England). Jordan Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Löwen Herzogs von Sachsen and Bayern (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Laienfürsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit) (1941): 51-53 (Gebhard I, Count of Burghausen styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich), 107-108 (Otto VI, Count Palatine of Wittelsbach, afterwards Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepos] by Duke Heinrich), 181-182 (Friedrich II, Count Palatine of Saxony, Count of Sommerschenburg styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich). Foreville L'Eglise et le Royaute en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154-1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Appelt Die Urkunden Friedrichs I. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser 10(1)) (1975): 18-19, 231-233, 347-349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [cognate/cognate] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259-260, 332-335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepotem/nepos] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364-365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [consanguine] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Gens Nostra 46 (1991): 540-541. Kegel Die Jüngere Hildesheimer Briefsammlung (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Die Briefe Der Deutschen Kaiserzeit 7) (1995): 101-102 (letter of Heinrich of Braunschweig to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188), 102-103 (Heinrich of Braunschweig styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] in letter from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Jour. Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379-393. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bayern/heinrich_12_derloewe_herzog_von_bayern_1195_welfen/heinrich_12_der loewe_herzog_von_bayern_und_sachsen_+_1195.html. Children of Maud of England, by Duke Heinrich XII der Löwe: a. OTTO OF BRUNSWICK, 3rd son. He was educated at the court of his uncle, King Richard I of England, under whose experience he gained valuable experience in war. He was appointed Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, and Earl of Yorkshire. When Emperor Henry VI died in Sept. 1197, some of the German princes under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, were anxious to find a rival to Philip, Duke of Swabia, who had been elected German king. Otto married (1st) 22 July 1212 BEATRIX OF HOHENSTAUFEN, daughter of Philip, Duke of Swabia. They had no issue. His wife, Beatrix, died 11 August 1212. He married (2nd) at Aachen 19 May 1214 MARIA OF BRABANT, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Lorraine and Brabant, Margrave of Antwerp, by his 1st wife, Machtild (or Mahaud), daughter and co-heiress of Mathieu of Flanders, Count of Boulogne [see BRABANT 5 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. OTTO IV, late Emperor, died at the Harzburg 19 May 1218, and was buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. His widow, Maria, married (2nd) in July 1220 WILHELM (or WILLEM) I, Count of Holland [see HOLLAND 5]. She died between 9 March and 14 June 1260. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 477-478 (Richard I, King of England, styled "uncle" [avunculus] in charter of Otto, Duke of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 28-29, 87-88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" [nepos] by King John of England). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 37-48 (Otto of Saxony [former Emperor Otto IV] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 57-60 (Otto [IV], late Emperor, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1228). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 290 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1218: "Otho imperator Alemanniæ, nepos Ricardi et Johannis regum obiit."). Piot Cartulaire de l'Abbeye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 199-200 (charter of Henri [II], Duke of Lorraine and Brabant dated 1240, names his "dear sister" [charissima soror], Maria, former Empress of the Romans). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 298-299 ("Eodem anno [1195] Willelmus rex Scottorum ægrotavit, in villa sua quæ dicitur Clacmanan et statuit Othonem filium Henrici ducis Saxoniæ, nepotem Ricardi regis sibi successurum in regnum Scottorum, ita quod ipse Otho filiam suam primogenitam in uxorem cum regno duceret. Et quamvis rex plures haberet qui voluntati suæ in hoc consentirent, tamen comes Patricius et alii multi contradixerunt ..."). Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sac. XII et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 385 (F Gervasii Tilleberiensis Otiis Imperialibus: William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, styled "uncle" [avunculum] of Emperor Otto IV). Doyle Official Baronage of England 3 (1886): 740 (sub York). Thatcher & McNeal Source Book for Mediæval Hist. (1905): 228 (Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" by King John of England in 1202). Hohnstein Geschichte des Herzogtams Braunschweig (1908): 141-149 (biog. of Kaiser Otto IV). Encyclopædia Britannica 20 (1911): 375 (biog. of Otto IV, Roman emperor). Nicholson Love, War & the Grail (2001). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/otto_4_deutscher_koenig_1218_welfen/otto_4_von_ braunschweig_deutscher_koeni8-+_1218.html. b. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF BRUNSWICK, born in 1172. She married (1st) in July 1189 GEOFFREY III, Count of Perche, lord of Toddington, Bedfordshire and Aldbourne and Wanborough, Wiltshire, son of Rotrou III, Count of Perche, by Mathilde, daughter of Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. They had two sons, Geoffrey and Thomas [Count of the Perche]. GEOFFREY III, Count of the Perche, died 5 April 1202. His widow, Maud, married (2nd) before 1203 (as his 1st wife) ENGUERRAND DE COUCY, seigneur of Coucy, and, in right of his wife, Count of the Perche, son and heir of Raoul de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy, by Alix, daughter of Robert I, Count of Dreux. She died in 13 Jan. 1209/10. Placitorum in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservatorum Abbrevatio (1811): 55. Rotuli litterarum patentium in turri Londinensi asservati 1201- 1216 (1834): 18 (Maud, Countess of the Perche, styled "niece" [nepti] by King John of England in 1202). Lepinois & Merlet Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres 2 (1863): 21 (charter of Maud, Countess of Perche, dated June 1202, names her late husband, Geoffrey, and her son, Thomas), 22. Herald & Genealogist 6 (1871): 241- 253 ([Maud], Countess of Perche styled "niece" [neptis] by King John, cites Rot. Normann. p. 87.). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 436-438 (J. de Pertico [Enguerrand de Coucy, Count of the Perche] styled "your kinsman" [consobrinum tuum] in letter from Pope Innocent III to King Philippe Auguste of France in 1203). Money Hist. of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11(1903): 304-305. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 374 (biog. of Geoffrey de Perche). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France: County of the Perche 1000-1226 (2002). Kathleen Thompson "Matilda, countess of the Perche (1171-1210): The expression of authority in name, style and seal" available at www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/crahm/revue/tabularia/thompson.html. iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Cæur-de-Lion or the Iionheart), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice (or Alix) of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother's inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173-4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175-77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry's death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father's orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions, including Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard's marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry's death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BERENGERE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho Vi el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard's journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, whom he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. His second Coronation was solemnised in Winchester Cathedral 17 April 1194. In October 1196 he made peace with Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, renouncing all claims to the county of Toulouse and the subject county of Rouergue; he also returned Quercy and gave the Agenais as part of the dowry for his sister Joan's marriage to Raymond. In 1199, during a minor siege at Chalus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. Following Richard's death, the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire formed part of his widow, Berengere's dower, but she did not enjoy her full tights as indicated by a papal letter to King John in 1209. In 1204 Bérengère ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thoré in Maine. She was co-heiress in 1226 to her cousin, Guillaume, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, Count of Perche. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l'Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l'Epau Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73-80. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1045-1046 (charters of Queen Bérengère of England). Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 12. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 266 (Obit. of Tintem Abbey: "Ricardus Rex Angliæ primus obiit xxvii. die Mardi"; "Berengerus et comitissa soror ejus obiit xxiij. die Decembris."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 313-314. Brequigny Table Chronologique des Diplomes, Charles, Titres et Actes Imprimés concernant l'Histoire de France 4 (1836): 357. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. Ill. the Hist. of Scotland 1(1837): xxviii-xxix (William the lion, King of Scots styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Richard I of England). Archæologia 27 (1838): 109-112. Green Letters of Royal & Ill Ladies (1846): 30-34 (two letters of Bérengère, Queen of England). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Riley Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1853): 120 (Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham, styled "our dearly beloved cousin" by King Richard I). Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21(1855): 604 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): "... Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi"). Migne Innocentii III Romani pontificis opera omnia (Patrologia Ser. Latina 215) (1855): 1538-1539. Arbois de Jubainville Hist. des Ducs et des Comtes de Champagne 5 (1863): 195, 229-230, 238. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Charles 2 (1866): 181-182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled "aunt" [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] "Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de Ella Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus."). Lalore Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Boulancoutt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: "23 Dec. - solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d'Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne"). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 39 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Richard I), 151 (Chronicon Sancti Sergii Andegavensis: death of King Richard I). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147-159. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 447 ([Blanche of Navarre], Countess of Troyes, styled "sister" [sororem] of Queen Bérengère in letter by Pope Innocent III to King John dated 1204). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13-14 (seal of King Richard I - Obverse. King enthroned: closely fitting tunic, loose surcoat with embroidered edges at neck and arms, and cloak. Open crown of three points fleury. In right hand a sword held erect; in left hand an orb topped by a cross fleur-de-lisée. Throne of elaborate pannelled work, of four stages of arcading with intervening head-mouldings, the back splayed away, and footboard enriched with carvings of quatrefoils, and a corbel on seven arches. In the field, on either side of king's head, a crescent enclosing an estoile of seven points wavy. On either side of throne a sprig of the planta genista, or broom. Legend: + RICARDVS DEI GRACIA REX ANGLORVM. Reverse. King on horseback to right. Hauberk and surcoat of mail armour, conical helmet, large broad sword, bowed shield on which a lion rampant contoume. Horse-trappings: head-gear, ornamental saddle and breast-band. Legend: + RICARDVS DVX NORMANNORVM ET AQVITANORVM ET COMES ANDEGAVORVM.). Meyer L'Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338-340, esp. lines 9392-9432 (André de Chauvigny styled "king's kinsman"). Delisle Manuscrits Latins et Français ajoutés aux Fonds des Nouvelles Acquisitions Pendant les Années 1875-1894 2 (1894): 509-510 (Calendrier of Maubuisson Abbey) ("X kal. januarii [23 Dec.]. Obiit Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 556-557 (charter of King Richard I dated 1189-1190); 2 (1897): 179-180. Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 89-90 (William the lion, King of Scotland styled "dearest cousin" by King Richard I of England in 1189), 92-93 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and cousin and liegeman" by King Richard I of England in 1194). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(2) (Recueil des Historiens de la France - Obituaires) (1902): 645 (Abbaye de Port Royal: "x. cal. [23 Dec.]. Ce jour est fait l’anniversaire de Berangarie, royne [1229], et de Blanche, contesse, et non en convent."), 655 (Abbaye de Maubuisson: "[23 Dec.]. x kal. jan. Obiit. Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Lair (Société des Archives Hist. du Maine 6) (1905): 80-81. D.N.B. 16(1909): 1022-1031 (biog. of Richard I: "... He was a stern ruler.., where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault... In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree... He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher... a man of many accomplishments"). Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: "A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale"). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 18-20 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Richard I in 1197). Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174-1328 (1965): 12-14 (William the lion, King of Scotland, styled "kinsman" by King Richard in 1189), 18-19 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and kinsman" [amico et consanguineo] by King Richard in 1194). Paget lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185-198; 23 (1997): 351-365. Bull. Inst. Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157-173. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36-37. Mitchell Berengaria, Enigmatic Queen of England (1986). King & Ridyard Law in Mediæval Life & Thought (Sewanee Mediæal Studies 5) (1990): 21-42. Williamson Kings & Queens of Britain (1991): 55-56,65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 127 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus April [6 April]. Obiit Ricardus Rex Anglie, qui dedit Boscum de Blen cum pertinentiis suis Ecclesie Christi."), 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus Apr. 16 April]. Obiit Richardus rex Angliae."). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37-53; 43 (1999): 79-89. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58,189-200. French Hist. Studies 21 (1998): 517-542. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart's Queen (1999): 23 (Queen Bérengère's "long years of widowhood" reveal "a strong, courageous woman, independent, solitary, battling against difficult political and economic circumstances, with little interest in the trappings of a courtly existence, sustained by her faith in Christ and her royalty to the See of St Peter, not afraid to assert her rights against powerful enemies, both lay and clerical."), 183 (Queen Bérengère styled "kinswoman" by King Louis IX of France). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 97,105. Online resources: www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm. Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, ___: a. PHILIP FITZ ROY (otherwise PHILIP DE COGNAC), in right of his wife, of Cognac, Merpins, and Jarnac. He married AMELIE DE COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Adémar, Count of Angouleme, did homage to him in 1194, and also after his father's death. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father's death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Bull. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de l'Ouest et des Musées de Poitiers 12 (1845): 415. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464-465 ("In the same year [A.D. 11991, Philip, bastard son of Richard, king of England, to whom the said king, his father, had given the castle and the manor of Cuinac, slew the before-named viscount of Limoges, in revenge for his father."). Comptes d'Alphonse de Poitiers (Archives Hist. du Poitou 4) (1875): 21-22 ("... Tempore domini comids Pictavensis Henrici, qui fuit rex Anglie, quittavit pater comitis Audomaris Engolismensis, in aula Pictavensi, Bardon, dominum Coignyaci, de homagio quod petebat ab ipso de Coygnyaco, et eo presente et concedente, fecit homagium dominus Coygnyaci domini comiti Pictavensi, de Cognyaco et pertinentiis; et credo quod adhuc vivunt multi qui hoc viderunt. Filius dicti domini Cognyaci fecit similiter homagium Richardo Pictavensi, de Coygnyaco et pertinentiis; quo domino Cognyaci mortuo, dedit rex Richardus comes Pictavensis dominam Amellyam unicam heredem Coygnyaci, quam habebat in ballo, ratione comitatus Pictavensis, in uxorem cuidam filio suo notho, scilicet Philippo de Coygnyaco; qua defuncta sine liberis, tenuit dictus comes Richardus dictum castrum et eum tradidit Roberto de Torniant, senescallo suo Pictavensis."). Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes 1 (1883): 271. Boissonade Quomodo Comites Engolismenses ega Reges Anglia, et Francia se Gesserint 1152- 1328 (1893). Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330. Furness I. & Death of King John (1919): 6-9. Boissonade L'Ascension, le Déclin et la Chute d'un Grand Etat Féodal du Centre-Ouest: Les Taillefer et les Lusignans (Bull. et Méms. de la Soc. Arch. et Hist. de la Charente) (1935). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 ("Philipp° f[ilio] R. Richardi"). Martin-Civat Les Seigneuties de Cognac, Jarnac et Metpins dons l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XIIe et XIIIe Siècle (Congrès des Socs. Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956). Henderson Richard Coeur de Lion (1959): 242. Shakespeare Quarterly 11 (1960): 137-146. Powicke Loss of Normandy (1961): 32-33. Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274-275. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102. Le Château Royal of Cognac (Mems./Institut d'Hist. et d'Arch. de Cognac et du Cognaçais) 2 (1972): 5. Shakespeare Studies (1976): 59-70. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126-127, 179. Debord La Soc. Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente Xe-XlIe Siècle (1984): 486-488. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 769 (sub Limoges). Evergates Feudal Soc. in Medieval France (1993): 58-59. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58. Bernard et al. Hist. du Poitou et des Pays Charentais (2001): 151. Erickson Royal Panoply: Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (2006): 46. v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 (by dispensation, they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY [see BRITTANY 6], daughter and heiress of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland [see BRITTANY 5 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1162. They had three children (see below). In 1178 he was knighted at Woodstock by his father. In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Notre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH, Earl of Chester [see CHESTER 5.i], Judge in the King's Court, 1193, Constable of Sermilly Castle, 1201-4, Constable of the Tower of Avranches, 1203, Warden of the Peak Castle and Forest, 1215, Steward of the Town and Honour of Lancaster, 1216-23, Constable of Fotheringay Castle, 1221-2, Steward of the Honour of Leicester, 1222, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, son and heir of Hugh, Earl of Chester, hereditary Vicomte of Avranches, by Bertrade, daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux, seigneur of Montfort-l'Amaury [see CHESTER 5 for his ancestry]. They had no issue. In 1196 Ranulph captured Constance en route to her 6n5li7ing negotiations with King Richard I and confined her at Benvron for at least a year. Soon after her release, she sought the annulment of their marriage which was granted in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. She married (3rd) before October 1199 (as his 1st wife) GUY DE THOUARS [see BRITTANY 6], in right of his 1st wife, Count (or Duke) of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars, by his wife, Aumur (or Aumou) [see AQUITAINE 3.ii.a for his ancestry]. They had three daughters, Alix (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond), Marguerite, and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was buried at Villeneuve. In 1202 he joined King Philippe Augustus, and his English lands were confiscated. He served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) EUSTACHE DE MAULEON, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d'Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre de Chemillé, Knt. [seigneur of Chemille, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas de Chemillé, Knt. In October 1203 he was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. In 1206 King Philippe Auguste of France granted him le Broherec, la Cornouaille, and le Pouher. GUY DE THOUARS died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) RENAUD DE MAULEVRIER. She was living in 1244. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67-68. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1333 (abstract of charter of Guy de Thouars dated 1208 naming his mother, Aumuz, and his wife, [Constance] Countess of Brittany). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1(1725): 445-461 (sub Bretagne). Morice Méms. pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 37-38, 822 (dower of Katherine of Brittany, wife of André III de Vitré), 912-913, 917, 919-920 (instances of Pierre de Chemillé styled "uncle" [avunculus] by Jean, Duke of Brittany, in 1238, 1240, 1241), 930-931 (Thomas de Chemillé styled "brother" [fratri] by Pierre de Chemillé). Morice Histoire Ecclésiastique et Civil de Bretagne 1 (1750): xvii-xviii (Counts of Penthievre ped). Banks Dormant & Extinct Baronage of England 1 (1807): 218-220. Hanshall Hut. of the County Palatine of Chester (1823): 21-23. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 325 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated 1230), 574-575 (Jerveaux Abbey - Genealogy of the Counts of Richmond). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 247-249. Extracta e Vanis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 70 ("Henricus, regis Dauid filius, comes Huntyntoune et Northumbrie vxorem duxit Adam filiam Willelmi senioris, sororis Willelmi junioris comitis de Warenna, et sororem comitis Roberti Legecesterensis, et Walranni comitis de Melent, cuius mater fait soror Rodulphi comitis de Perona, regis Francorum Ludouici consanguinea, ex qua suscepit tres inclitos filios Genuit eciam idem princeps Henricus totidem Elias ex uxore sua predicta Ada, scilicet, Adam, que lege conjugii tradita est comiti Holandie Fiorentino: secundam, Margaretam Conano duci Britannie comiti de Richmonth nuptam, ex qua genuit filiam nomine Constanciam Gaufrido, comiti Ancligauie, fratri regis Anglie Richardi Primi, disponsatam, de qua Gaufridus genuit alum nomine Arthurum, postea in mare mersum, vnam eciam filiam, Aleciam nomine, que a Petro Mauclerk concepit et peperit filium, normna Johannem, postea ducem Britannie, et aliam filiani nomine Alienoram, que cum Arthuro fratre in mare periit."). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 365-369 (re. Thouars fam.). Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbaris 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 207. Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Geoffrey). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 35 (1874): 8-9 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5 (seal of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond dated 1185 - Le duc à cheval, vêtu du haubert, coiffé d'un heaume a timbre arrondi; lance au gonfanon. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS DVX BRI Revers: Le duc à cheval, couvert d'un immense bouclier, brandissant son épée. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS COMES RICHEMVNDIE), 5-6 (undated seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond - Dame debout, coiffée en tresses, revêtue d'un sur ___ ajusté du corsage, des hanches et des bras, at recouvert d'une chape, un faucon sur le poing, en fleuron dans la main droite. [Légende:]* CONSTANCIA DVCISS … [COM]ITISSA RICH[EMUN]DIE). Ormerod Hist. of the County Palatine & City of Chester 1 (1882): 33-41. Robertson Materials for the Hist. of Thomas Becket 6 (Rolls Ser. 67) (1882): 170-174. Bull & Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Département d'Ille-et-Vilaine 17 (1885): 370-371, 371-372 (charter dated 1182-85 of Geoffrey son of King Henry, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richmond; charter granted with consent of his wife, Constance), 373 (charter dated 1183-86 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to the church of Rouen), 374- 376 (charter dated 1187 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 376-377 (charter dated 1189 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 377-378 (charter dated 1193 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Melaine of Rennes Abbey), 379-380 (charter dated 1198 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond), 380-381 (charter dated 1199 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Notre Dame près Aurai Priory), 383-384 (charter dated 1199-1201 of Guy de Thouars, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond and his wife, Constance, Duchess of Brittany to Melerai Abbey), 384-387 (foundation charter dated 1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond for Villeneuve Abbey), 387 (charter dated 1187-1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Buzai Abbey), 388-390, 391-392 (charter dated 1205 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the monks of Villeneuve), 394-397 (charter dated 1207 by Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the canons of Nantes), 397-406, 406-407 (charter dated 1212 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany), 408, 409 (charter dated 1201-13 of Guy, Duke of Brittany to the nuns of Saint-Sulpice les Rennes). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 365-366 (sub Chester); 3 (1886): 107-109 (sub Richmond). Annales Cestrienses (Lanc. & Cheshire Rec. Soc. 14) (1887): 40-41 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1188: "Rannulphus comes cestrie Cui etiam dedit Henricus rex anglie in uxorem relictam v Kl. [recte Galfridi filii sui] Cui comitissam britannie filia Alani [recte Conant] Comitis britannie nominee Constancia et toto comittatu de Richemund quam ipse comes Cestrie Rannulphus desponsavit in die Sancte Werburge virginis, id est, tertia nonas Februarii [3 Feb.] apud ..."), 46 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1200: "Rannulphus comes Cestrie desponsavit uxorem filiam Radulphi de Feugis, nomine Clementiam, relicta comitissa Britannie, nomine Constancia."). La Borderie Recueil d’Actes Inédits des Ducs et Princes de Bretagne (XIe, XIIe, XIIIe Siecles) (1888). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 378 (seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond dated 1190-1198 - Pointed oval. To the right. Standing, with tightly-fitting dress, long fur-lined cloak fastened at the throat, in the right hand a lily-flower, on the left hand a hawk with long jesses.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Gaufridus comes."). Rosenzweig Cartulaire général de Morbihan 1 (1895): 190-191 (charter of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, dated between 1182-1183). Inventaire Sommaire des Archives Départementales antérieures a 1790, Loire-Inférieure 2(2) Ser. C & D (1898): 147. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 220 (Livre d'Anniversaires des XIVe-XVe Siedes: "18 August - [Obiit] Gaufridi, comitis Britanie [1186]."). Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 531-532. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 355. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 58-70. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103-106, 371-372 (biog. of Geoffrey Fitz Roy, Count of Brittany). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 441-458. Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 195 (chart). Le Moyen Age 35 (1924-5): 63-70. Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Peds. (1925): 11 (ped. of Earls of Chester). Brunel et al. Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 2 (1943): 542. C.P. 10 (1945): 780 (chart), 794-805 (sub Richmond). Annales de Bretagne 53 (1946), 1-27. Painter Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). BIHR 50 (1977): 112-115. Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 2 (1981): 13 (seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated c.1200 - A shield of arms: a lion passant. Legend: + SIGILLVM [R]A[NVF]I COMMS CESTRIE). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as "a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler"). Hist. Research 63 (1990): 1-16. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 45-47. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany & her Fam. (1999). Everard Brittany & the Angevins (2000). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 347-360. Jones Between France & England (2003): 38-40. Wheeler & Parsons Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 101. Richard Eales, `Ranulf (HI), sixth earl of Chester and first earl of Lincoln (1170-1232)', in Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (2004). Bull & Léglu World of Eleanor of Aquitaine (2005). Guéraud Contribution a "Etude du Processus coutumier au Moyen Age (2008): 250 (charter of Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, dated after 1173 names his mother, Aumou, his wife Sibyl; his brothers, Guy, Hugues, Geoffroi, and Raymond; and his sisters, Marie and Amabil), 251 (chart), 305. Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany: a. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182-4.She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold's death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 October 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wiltshire. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 ("commonly called The Damsel of Britain"). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Green Letters of Royal & Ill. Ladies (1846): 24-27 ("The ac	of England, Geoffrey (I7158)
6020	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1133. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, at Whitsuntide 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ALIENOR) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine [see FRANCE 6] (divorced 21 March 1152), and daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Aénor, daughter of Amaury (or Aimery) I, Vicomte of Châtellerault [see AQUITAINE 4 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud [Abbess of Barking]. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen's heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the "Angevin empire" (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. In 1158 he confirmed a treaty with King Louis VII of France involving the marriage of Henry's son to the French king's daughter. In the summer of 1159 he launched an unsuccessful expedition against Toulouse, which he claimed as Duke of Aquitaine. His reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connacht, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king's bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Poitiers (Vienne), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried in the church of the Abbey of Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire). Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1st marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France [see FRANCE 6], namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes) [see BLOIS 4] and Alix of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France [see WYDEVILLE 4]. References: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20 (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules at de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France, etc.); 13 (1869): 308 i (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703,708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines); 19 (1880): 336-337. Schwennicke Europæische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquataine: Lord & Lady (2003). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59-72. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1128 (Agnes de Barbezillo styled "aunt" famital of Queen Eleanor [of Aquitaine), wife of King Louis WI of France). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 17 (Kalendar of Obits: "II Non. Julius [6 July]. Obitus Henrici Regis Anglie, filie Matildis."). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1725): 76-77. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7-10, 10-12 (will of King Henry II). L'Art de Vérifier les Dates 2 (1784): 348-365 (sub Comtes de Poitiers, Ducs de Aquitaine). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1786): 190 (Ex Radulfi de Diceto: Ralph de Fay styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1 (1) (1816): 81-82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William [Fitz Roy], 4th Earl of Surrey (or Warenne), styled "kinsman" [cognati] by King Henry II). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1-4 (will of King Henry II of England). Gray Scalacronica (1836): 278 (Ermengarde de Beaumont, wife of William the Lion, King of Scots styled "cousin" [cosyn] of King Henry II of England). Historiæ Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (Surtees Soc. 9) (1839): Appendix, pg. 1, charter no. xixii (Hugh [du Puiset], Bishop of Durham, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 304-378 (biog. of Eleanora of Aquitaine). Pertz Chronica et Annales ævi Salui (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 6) (1844): (Roberti de Monte Cronica [Robert de Torigni]): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled "aunt" [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled "kinsman" [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled "kinsman" on the part of King Henry II's mother, Empress Maud), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "kinsman" [cognate]; Earl Hugh's wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Evreux "kinswoman" [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II's father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinsman" [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [cognate]); 27(1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinswoman" by King Henry II). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851) 18-19. Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 245 (Annals of Waverley sub AD. 1188 - Baldwin [de Revers], Earl of Cornwall, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry II). Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 372 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars styled "your cousin and our's" [votre cousin et au notre] by queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in letter to her son, King John dated 1200-1201; also see Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chattes 32 (1871): 412-413). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 33 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Henry II), 46 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of King Henry II). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled "kinsman" of King Henry II; see Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 83, footnote 1). Grasilier Cartulaires Inédits de la Saintonge 2: Cartulaire de l'Abbaye Royale de Notre-Dame de Saintes (1871): 13-16, 19-21, 35-36, 36 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France dated 1151 names her "sister” [sororis], Aelith), 37, 51 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France, dated 1140 names her "aunt" [amite], Agnes [de Barbezieux], Abbess of Saintes; charter witnessed by Aelith, "sister" [sorore] of Queen Eleanor), 52, 78. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 192 (birth of King Henry II); 2 (1873): 7 (sub A.D. 1168: Mathieu, Count of Boulogne, styled "kinsman" [cognatum] of King Henry II of England). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Set.) (1874): 285 (Ralph de Pale styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Montzey Hist. de is Fliche 1 (1877): 137-146. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 426, 439 (Chron. of Geoffrey Vosiensis: Sarah daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall and wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] of King Henry II of England). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 15 (1878): 767-768 (P[etrus Raimundi], Abbot of Saint Maxent, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in letters dated 1161). Eyton Court, Household & Intinerary of King Henry II (1878): 8 (Henry [de Sully], Abbot of Fécamp, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Stubbs Hist. Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1879): 93 (birth of King Henry II), 140-141 (David I, King of Scots, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] of King Henry II of England). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). Bain Cal. Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15-17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of Queen Eleanor). Hart Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia 1 (1884): 106 (Silvio de Cresto styled "queen's kinsman" [nepoti Regina]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 10-13 (seal of King Henry II - Obverse. King enthroned, holding sword and orb; generally ressembling the obverse of seals of Henry I. and Stephen, but with differences in arches on front of throne, and in the various proportions. Legend: + HENRICVS DEI • G[RATIA] • REX ANGLORUM. Four small points in cross placed as a stop between the words. Reverse. King on a horse to the right; hauberk, continuous coif, and chausses of chain-mail, here represented by rings. Conical helmet with nasal. Shield secured by strap passing round king's neck, and fastened by a ring into inner surface of leather. In right hand a long sword; in left hand the short strap of shield and reins. Horse's head-gear composed of chain-work. Legend: + HENR : DEI : GRA : DVX : NORM: [ ] ET : AQVIT : ET: COM : ANDEG.). Christie Annales Cestrienses (1887): 29-35 (Bertrade of Evreux, wife of Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "cousin" of King Henry II in chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164-1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled "kinswoman" [cognate] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). Gross Gild Merchant 2 (1890): 28-29 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem 1(1894): 108, 125-128, 180-181, 312, 470-471, 480-482, 519, 527, 567-568; 2 (1897): 18-19. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "7 Jul. [Obiit] Henricus secundus, rex Anglorum."). Archives Hist. de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6-7 (charter of Eleanor). Beauchet-Filleau Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des Families du Poitou 2 (1895): 320 ("L'obituaire de Fontevrault place son décès le jour des ides de janvier. Dnus Radulfus princeps de Faia, avunculus Dnæ Alienordis Reginae. (bat. 54802 89.)) (author identifies Ralph de Fay as son of Aimery I, Vicomte of Châtellerault). Wigram Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford 2 (1896): 116 (Empress Maud styled "sister" [soror] and her son, Henry [afterwards King Henry II of England] styled "nephew" [nepos] by Robert Fitz Roy, Earl of Gloucester in charter dated c.1142). Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Andre de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England, and her son, King John, in letter dated 1199). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 69 (grant by King Henry II dated 1186-9). Broussillon Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers 2 (1903): 84 (Raoul [de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "dearest kinsman" [charissimus cognatus] in letter by King Henry II of England). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78-93; 42 (1927): 569-572; 74 (1959): 193-213; 110 (1995): 652-655. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 104-105 (Mary, Abbess of Romsey, styled "kinswoman" [cognata/cognatam] by King Henry II). Jeayes Desc. Cat. Derbyshire Charters (1906): 244 (Maud [of Gloucester], Countess of Chester, styled "kinswoman" [cognata] by King Henry II in charter dated ?1175). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593-596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452-463 (biog. of Henry II: "... his nature was full of passion... [he] was a great builder... Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign... probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day... genius for government"). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie (1909): 352-354 (biog. of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England: "Un des recueils de Gaignières (ms. latin 5419, p. 80) nous a conservé l'image de sceau dont elle continua a se servir pendant son veuvage. C'est un long sceau allongé et pointu sot lequel elle est représentée debout, tenant on oiseau sur la main gauche; il ne subsistait que la dernière partie de la légende: NORMANORVM DUCISSA ET ANDEGAVIE COMITISSA. Il y a aux Auxives nationales, attaché a one charte de l'année 1199, on exemplaire mutile de ce même sceau."). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184-1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 ([Maud de Bohun], wife of Juhel de Mayenne, styled "neptis Regis" [kinswoman of King Henry II]). Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled "king's kinsman" in 1188), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see also Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; Round Cal Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II; see also Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1846): 142; Méms. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de Picardie 47 (1936): 182-184 (Eustache's mother named in charter as Isabel); Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XIe-XIIIe Siècle) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l'Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191-192 (Eustache named in charter as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavene, Count of Saint-Pol)]. Delisle & Berger Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre, Duc de Normandie 3 (1927): 136 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), ([Raoul de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Chartrou-Charbonnel L'Anjou de 1109 à 1151: Foulque de Jérusalem et Geoffroi Plantegenêt (1928). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 253 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Speculum 30 (1955): 374-384. Boussard Le Gouvernement d'Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32-33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153-156. Genealogists' Mag. 14 (1964): 361-368. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154 3 (1968). Charles Evans "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany," in Mélanges Offerts à Szaboles de Vajay à l'Occasion de Son Cinquitième Anniversaire (1971): 187-191 (Margery [de Bohun], wife of Pedro Manrique, Count of Lara, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II). Warren Henry II (1973): 216 (Roger [of Gloucester], Bishop of Worcester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II, cites William FitzStephen, III, 103-106). Kibler Eleanor of Aquitaine, Patron & Politcian (1976). Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14-15. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420-1920) (1977): 188-189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3(4) (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 2 (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II] later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Hanna Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89-90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321-336. Tyerman England & the Crusades 1095-1588 (1988): 48 ([Baldwin IV], King of Jerusalem, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II). Williamson Kings & Oueens of Britain (1991): 52-55 (biog. of Henry II:"... a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined.., well-grounded in law and history... undoubtedly a great king"), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Amt Accession of Henry II in England (1993). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "3 Kal. [Apr.] [30 March]. [Obiit] Alienor regina Anglie."). Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Church Medieval Knighthood V. Papers from the 66 Strawberry Hill Conf. 1994 (1995): 68. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Viator 27 (1996): 53 et seq. Vincent et al. Acta of Henry II & Richard 12 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67-69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled "king's kinsman'). Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England (1999). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Anglo-Norman Studies 23 (2001): 143-154. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Hanna Christchurch Priory Cartulary (Hampshire Rec. Ser. 18) (2007): 124 (Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II in charter dated 1154-71). Harper-Bill Henry II: New Interpretations (2007). Hosier Henry II (2007): 54. Cornwall Rec. Office: Arundell of Lanherne & Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert [Fitz Count], son of [Robert Fitz Roy], Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Online resource: The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm). Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153. He died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about 25 Dec. 1156, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65-66. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 434-435 (undated charter of King Henry II dated at Reading to Hurley Priory, Berkshire made for the health of the souls of his late son, William, and his grandfather, King Henry I). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Matthew of Paris Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum 1 (Rolls Set. 44) (1866): 307 (sub A.D. 1157: "In Adventu autem infirmatus Willelmus, primogenitus regis Henrici, obiit, diebus hujus anni scilicet Nataliciis; under dissentio est, utrum hoc vel anno praeterito obierit. Sepultus est autem apud Radingum."). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of William). Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34 (sub A.D. 1156: "Obiit Guillermus, primogenitus filius Henrici regis Anglorum, et sepultus est Radingis ad pedes Henrici regis, proavi sui."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hirst. (1872). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled "the Young King"), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or is Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. They had one son, William. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173-74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) BELA III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama [see HUNGARY 8], son of Geza II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama, by his wife, Euphrosine, daughter of Mstislav II the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. He was born about 1148. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following the death of her husband, Bela III, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66-67. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam of England (1851): 18-19. Douet-D'Arcq Historiques et Critiques sur les Anciens Comtes de Beaumont-sur-Oise (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie: Docs. Inédits 4) (1855): 50-51 (Henry the Young King of England styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Eleanor de Vermandois, Countess of Beaumont in charter dated 1184). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of Henry), 41-45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Henry). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: "Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo matito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit."). Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): iv (rare charter of Young Henry dated c.1170, in which he uses the style "rex Angliæ et Dux Normanniæ et Comes Andegaviæ, Regis Henrici filius"). Deville Tornbeaux de la Cathédral de Rotten (1881): 161-162,164-165,210-211. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13 (seal of Henry son of King Henry II dated 1170-1182 - King, enthroned, with sceptre and orb; sides of throne terminate in animals' heads, as on the thrones on the French royal seals. Legend: HENRICVS REX ANGLOR DVX NORMANNOR ET COMES ANDEGAVOR.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "11 Jun. [Obiit] Henricus tertius, rex Anglorum."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591-594, 602. Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382-384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240-241. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224-226. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he "used style rex Anglorum... hence called by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III"). Smith English Episc. Acta 2 Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110-111. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 96-97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297-326 ("the sole associate king in English post-conquest history"). Child of Henry of England, by Margaret of France: a. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born about 19 June 1177, died 22 June 1177. Benedict of Peterborough Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 177 ("Eodem anno [1177] circa clausum Pentecosten, Margareta, guæ, at supradictum est, prægnans abiit ad regem Franciæ patrem suum, peperit filium, et vocatum eat nomen ejus Willelmus, sed infra triduum obiit Parisius ubi natus fuit; et quidam dicebant quod abortivus fuit."). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH XII der Löwe (or HENRY the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich X, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, Holy Roman Emperor], and Wilhelm [Count of Luneburg], and two daughters, Maud and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180, and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Braunschweig (or Brunswick). In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. His wife, Maud, died at Braunschweig 28 June 1189. HEINRICH OF BRAUNSCHWEIG, former Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, died 6 August 1195. He and his wife, Maud, were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69-70. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Green Lives of the Princesses of England 1 (1857): 214-262 (biog. of Matilda of England). Pertz Historici Germania sac. XII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 21) (1869): 115-116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sæc. XII. et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled "kinsman" [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Ströhl Deutsch Wappenrolle (1897): 72. Hohnstein Geschichte des Heroztums Braunschweig (1908): 91-140 (biog. of Heinrich der Löwe). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Waltz Ottonis et Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris (Monumenta Germaniæ Histories, Scriptures rerum Germanicarum 46) (1912): 350 (Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris Appendix sub A.D. 1168: "... nam inter imperatorem et regem Angliæ fedus et amicicia fuit, data filia sua in uxorem Heinrico duci Bawariæ et Saxoniæ."). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 284 (ancestry of Maud of England). Jordan Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Löwen Herzogs von Sachsen and Bayern (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Laienfürsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit) (1941): 51-53 (Gebhard I, Count of Burghausen styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich), 107-108 (Otto VI, Count Palatine of Wittelsbach, afterwards Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepos] by Duke Heinrich), 181-182 (Friedrich II, Count Palatine of Saxony, Count of Sommerschenburg styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich). Foreville L'Eglise et le Royaute en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154-1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Appelt Die Urkunden Friedrichs I. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser 10(1)) (1975): 18-19, 231-233, 347-349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [cognate/cognate] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259-260, 332-335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepotem/nepos] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364-365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [consanguine] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Gens Nostra 46 (1991): 540-541. Kegel Die Jüngere Hildesheimer Briefsammlung (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Die Briefe Der Deutschen Kaiserzeit 7) (1995): 101-102 (letter of Heinrich of Braunschweig to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188), 102-103 (Heinrich of Braunschweig styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] in letter from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Jour. Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379-393. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bayern/heinrich_12_derloewe_herzog_von_bayern_1195_welfen/heinrich_12_der loewe_herzog_von_bayern_und_sachsen_+_1195.html. Children of Maud of England, by Duke Heinrich XII der Löwe: a. OTTO OF BRUNSWICK, 3rd son. He was educated at the court of his uncle, King Richard I of England, under whose experience he gained valuable experience in war. He was appointed Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, and Earl of Yorkshire. When Emperor Henry VI died in Sept. 1197, some of the German princes under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, were anxious to find a rival to Philip, Duke of Swabia, who had been elected German king. Otto married (1st) 22 July 1212 BEATRIX OF HOHENSTAUFEN, daughter of Philip, Duke of Swabia. They had no issue. His wife, Beatrix, died 11 August 1212. He married (2nd) at Aachen 19 May 1214 MARIA OF BRABANT, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Lorraine and Brabant, Margrave of Antwerp, by his 1st wife, Machtild (or Mahaud), daughter and co-heiress of Mathieu of Flanders, Count of Boulogne [see BRABANT 5 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. OTTO IV, late Emperor, died at the Harzburg 19 May 1218, and was buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. His widow, Maria, married (2nd) in July 1220 WILHELM (or WILLEM) I, Count of Holland [see HOLLAND 5]. She died between 9 March and 14 June 1260. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 477-478 (Richard I, King of England, styled "uncle" [avunculus] in charter of Otto, Duke of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 28-29, 87-88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" [nepos] by King John of England). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 37-48 (Otto of Saxony [former Emperor Otto IV] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 57-60 (Otto [IV], late Emperor, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1228). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 290 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1218: "Otho imperator Alemanniæ, nepos Ricardi et Johannis regum obiit."). Piot Cartulaire de l'Abbeye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 199-200 (charter of Henri [II], Duke of Lorraine and Brabant dated 1240, names his "dear sister" [charissima soror], Maria, former Empress of the Romans). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 298-299 ("Eodem anno [1195] Willelmus rex Scottorum ægrotavit, in villa sua quæ dicitur Clacmanan et statuit Othonem filium Henrici ducis Saxoniæ, nepotem Ricardi regis sibi successurum in regnum Scottorum, ita quod ipse Otho filiam suam primogenitam in uxorem cum regno duceret. Et quamvis rex plures haberet qui voluntati suæ in hoc consentirent, tamen comes Patricius et alii multi contradixerunt ..."). Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sac. XII et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 385 (F Gervasii Tilleberiensis Otiis Imperialibus: William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, styled "uncle" [avunculum] of Emperor Otto IV). Doyle Official Baronage of England 3 (1886): 740 (sub York). Thatcher & McNeal Source Book for Mediæval Hist. (1905): 228 (Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" by King John of England in 1202). Hohnstein Geschichte des Herzogtams Braunschweig (1908): 141-149 (biog. of Kaiser Otto IV). Encyclopædia Britannica 20 (1911): 375 (biog. of Otto IV, Roman emperor). Nicholson Love, War & the Grail (2001). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/otto_4_deutscher_koenig_1218_welfen/otto_4_von_ braunschweig_deutscher_koeni8-+_1218.html. b. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF BRUNSWICK, born in 1172. She married (1st) in July 1189 GEOFFREY III, Count of Perche, lord of Toddington, Bedfordshire and Aldbourne and Wanborough, Wiltshire, son of Rotrou III, Count of Perche, by Mathilde, daughter of Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. They had two sons, Geoffrey and Thomas [Count of the Perche]. GEOFFREY III, Count of the Perche, died 5 April 1202. His widow, Maud, married (2nd) before 1203 (as his 1st wife) ENGUERRAND DE COUCY, seigneur of Coucy, and, in right of his wife, Count of the Perche, son and heir of Raoul de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy, by Alix, daughter of Robert I, Count of Dreux. She died in 13 Jan. 1209/10. Placitorum in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservatorum Abbrevatio (1811): 55. Rotuli litterarum patentium in turri Londinensi asservati 1201- 1216 (1834): 18 (Maud, Countess of the Perche, styled "niece" [nepti] by King John of England in 1202). Lepinois & Merlet Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres 2 (1863): 21 (charter of Maud, Countess of Perche, dated June 1202, names her late husband, Geoffrey, and her son, Thomas), 22. Herald & Genealogist 6 (1871): 241- 253 ([Maud], Countess of Perche styled "niece" [neptis] by King John, cites Rot. Normann. p. 87.). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 436-438 (J. de Pertico [Enguerrand de Coucy, Count of the Perche] styled "your kinsman" [consobrinum tuum] in letter from Pope Innocent III to King Philippe Auguste of France in 1203). Money Hist. of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11(1903): 304-305. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 374 (biog. of Geoffrey de Perche). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France: County of the Perche 1000-1226 (2002). Kathleen Thompson "Matilda, countess of the Perche (1171-1210): The expression of authority in name, style and seal" available at www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/crahm/revue/tabularia/thompson.html. iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Cæur-de-Lion or the Iionheart), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice (or Alix) of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother's inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173-4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175-77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry's death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father's orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions, including Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard's marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry's death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BERENGERE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho Vi el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard's journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, whom he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. His second Coronation was solemnised in Winchester Cathedral 17 April 1194. In October 1196 he made peace with Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, renouncing all claims to the county of Toulouse and the subject county of Rouergue; he also returned Quercy and gave the Agenais as part of the dowry for his sister Joan's marriage to Raymond. In 1199, during a minor siege at Chalus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. Following Richard's death, the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire formed part of his widow, Berengere's dower, but she did not enjoy her full tights as indicated by a papal letter to King John in 1209. In 1204 Bérengère ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thoré in Maine. She was co-heiress in 1226 to her cousin, Guillaume, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, Count of Perche. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l'Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l'Epau Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73-80. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1045-1046 (charters of Queen Bérengère of England). Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 12. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 266 (Obit. of Tintem Abbey: "Ricardus Rex Angliæ primus obiit xxvii. die Mardi"; "Berengerus et comitissa soror ejus obiit xxiij. die Decembris."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 313-314. Brequigny Table Chronologique des Diplomes, Charles, Titres et Actes Imprimés concernant l'Histoire de France 4 (1836): 357. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. Ill. the Hist. of Scotland 1(1837): xxviii-xxix (William the lion, King of Scots styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Richard I of England). Archæologia 27 (1838): 109-112. Green Letters of Royal & Ill Ladies (1846): 30-34 (two letters of Bérengère, Queen of England). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Riley Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1853): 120 (Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham, styled "our dearly beloved cousin" by King Richard I). Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21(1855): 604 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): "... Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi"). Migne Innocentii III Romani pontificis opera omnia (Patrologia Ser. Latina 215) (1855): 1538-1539. Arbois de Jubainville Hist. des Ducs et des Comtes de Champagne 5 (1863): 195, 229-230, 238. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Charles 2 (1866): 181-182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled "aunt" [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] "Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de Ella Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus."). Lalore Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Boulancoutt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: "23 Dec. - solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d'Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne"). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 39 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Richard I), 151 (Chronicon Sancti Sergii Andegavensis: death of King Richard I). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147-159. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 447 ([Blanche of Navarre], Countess of Troyes, styled "sister" [sororem] of Queen Bérengère in letter by Pope Innocent III to King John dated 1204). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13-14 (seal of King Richard I - Obverse. King enthroned: closely fitting tunic, loose surcoat with embroidered edges at neck and arms, and cloak. Open crown of three points fleury. In right hand a sword held erect; in left hand an orb topped by a cross fleur-de-lisée. Throne of elaborate pannelled work, of four stages of arcading with intervening head-mouldings, the back splayed away, and footboard enriched with carvings of quatrefoils, and a corbel on seven arches. In the field, on either side of king's head, a crescent enclosing an estoile of seven points wavy. On either side of throne a sprig of the planta genista, or broom. Legend: + RICARDVS DEI GRACIA REX ANGLORVM. Reverse. King on horseback to right. Hauberk and surcoat of mail armour, conical helmet, large broad sword, bowed shield on which a lion rampant contoume. Horse-trappings: head-gear, ornamental saddle and breast-band. Legend: + RICARDVS DVX NORMANNORVM ET AQVITANORVM ET COMES ANDEGAVORVM.). Meyer L'Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338-340, esp. lines 9392-9432 (André de Chauvigny styled "king's kinsman"). Delisle Manuscrits Latins et Français ajoutés aux Fonds des Nouvelles Acquisitions Pendant les Années 1875-1894 2 (1894): 509-510 (Calendrier of Maubuisson Abbey) ("X kal. januarii [23 Dec.]. Obiit Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 556-557 (charter of King Richard I dated 1189-1190); 2 (1897): 179-180. Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 89-90 (William the lion, King of Scotland styled "dearest cousin" by King Richard I of England in 1189), 92-93 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and cousin and liegeman" by King Richard I of England in 1194). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(2) (Recueil des Historiens de la France - Obituaires) (1902): 645 (Abbaye de Port Royal: "x. cal. [23 Dec.]. Ce jour est fait l’anniversaire de Berangarie, royne [1229], et de Blanche, contesse, et non en convent."), 655 (Abbaye de Maubuisson: "[23 Dec.]. x kal. jan. Obiit. Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Lair (Société des Archives Hist. du Maine 6) (1905): 80-81. D.N.B. 16(1909): 1022-1031 (biog. of Richard I: "... He was a stern ruler.., where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault... In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree... He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher... a man of many accomplishments"). Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: "A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale"). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 18-20 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Richard I in 1197). Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174-1328 (1965): 12-14 (William the lion, King of Scotland, styled "kinsman" by King Richard in 1189), 18-19 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and kinsman" [amico et consanguineo] by King Richard in 1194). Paget lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185-198; 23 (1997): 351-365. Bull. Inst. Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157-173. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36-37. Mitchell Berengaria, Enigmatic Queen of England (1986). King & Ridyard Law in Mediæval Life & Thought (Sewanee Mediæal Studies 5) (1990): 21-42. Williamson Kings & Queens of Britain (1991): 55-56,65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 127 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus April [6 April]. Obiit Ricardus Rex Anglie, qui dedit Boscum de Blen cum pertinentiis suis Ecclesie Christi."), 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus Apr. 16 April]. Obiit Richardus rex Angliae."). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37-53; 43 (1999): 79-89. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58,189-200. French Hist. Studies 21 (1998): 517-542. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart's Queen (1999): 23 (Queen Bérengère's "long years of widowhood" reveal "a strong, courageous woman, independent, solitary, battling against difficult political and economic circumstances, with little interest in the trappings of a courtly existence, sustained by her faith in Christ and her royalty to the See of St Peter, not afraid to assert her rights against powerful enemies, both lay and clerical."), 183 (Queen Bérengère styled "kinswoman" by King Louis IX of France). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 97,105. Online resources: www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm. Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, ___: a. PHILIP FITZ ROY (otherwise PHILIP DE COGNAC), in right of his wife, of Cognac, Merpins, and Jarnac. He married AMELIE DE COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Adémar, Count of Angouleme, did homage to him in 1194, and also after his father's death. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father's death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Bull. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de l'Ouest et des Musées de Poitiers 12 (1845): 415. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464-465 ("In the same year [A.D. 11991, Philip, bastard son of Richard, king of England, to whom the said king, his father, had given the castle and the manor of Cuinac, slew the before-named viscount of Limoges, in revenge for his father."). Comptes d'Alphonse de Poitiers (Archives Hist. du Poitou 4) (1875): 21-22 ("... Tempore domini comids Pictavensis Henrici, qui fuit rex Anglie, quittavit pater comitis Audomaris Engolismensis, in aula Pictavensi, Bardon, dominum Coignyaci, de homagio quod petebat ab ipso de Coygnyaco, et eo presente et concedente, fecit homagium dominus Coygnyaci domini comiti Pictavensi, de Cognyaco et pertinentiis; et credo quod adhuc vivunt multi qui hoc viderunt. Filius dicti domini Cognyaci fecit similiter homagium Richardo Pictavensi, de Coygnyaco et pertinentiis; quo domino Cognyaci mortuo, dedit rex Richardus comes Pictavensis dominam Amellyam unicam heredem Coygnyaci, quam habebat in ballo, ratione comitatus Pictavensis, in uxorem cuidam filio suo notho, scilicet Philippo de Coygnyaco; qua defuncta sine liberis, tenuit dictus comes Richardus dictum castrum et eum tradidit Roberto de Torniant, senescallo suo Pictavensis."). Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes 1 (1883): 271. Boissonade Quomodo Comites Engolismenses ega Reges Anglia, et Francia se Gesserint 1152- 1328 (1893). Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330. Furness I. & Death of King John (1919): 6-9. Boissonade L'Ascension, le Déclin et la Chute d'un Grand Etat Féodal du Centre-Ouest: Les Taillefer et les Lusignans (Bull. et Méms. de la Soc. Arch. et Hist. de la Charente) (1935). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 ("Philipp° f[ilio] R. Richardi"). Martin-Civat Les Seigneuties de Cognac, Jarnac et Metpins dons l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XIIe et XIIIe Siècle (Congrès des Socs. Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956). Henderson Richard Coeur de Lion (1959): 242. Shakespeare Quarterly 11 (1960): 137-146. Powicke Loss of Normandy (1961): 32-33. Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274-275. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102. Le Château Royal of Cognac (Mems./Institut d'Hist. et d'Arch. de Cognac et du Cognaçais) 2 (1972): 5. Shakespeare Studies (1976): 59-70. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126-127, 179. Debord La Soc. Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente Xe-XlIe Siècle (1984): 486-488. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 769 (sub Limoges). Evergates Feudal Soc. in Medieval France (1993): 58-59. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58. Bernard et al. Hist. du Poitou et des Pays Charentais (2001): 151. Erickson Royal Panoply: Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (2006): 46. v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 (by dispensation, they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY [see BRITTANY 6], daughter and heiress of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland [see BRITTANY 5 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1162. They had three children (see below). In 1178 he was knighted at Woodstock by his father. In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Notre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH, Earl of Chester [see CHESTER 5.i], Judge in the King's Court, 1193, Constable of Sermilly Castle, 1201-4, Constable of the Tower of Avranches, 1203, Warden of the Peak Castle and Forest, 1215, Steward of the Town and Honour of Lancaster, 1216-23, Constable of Fotheringay Castle, 1221-2, Steward of the Honour of Leicester, 1222, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, son and heir of Hugh, Earl of Chester, hereditary Vicomte of Avranches, by Bertrade, daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux, seigneur of Montfort-l'Amaury [see CHESTER 5 for his ancestry]. They had no issue. In 1196 Ranulph captured Constance en route to her 6n5li7ing negotiations with King Richard I and confined her at Benvron for at least a year. Soon after her release, she sought the annulment of their marriage which was granted in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. She married (3rd) before October 1199 (as his 1st wife) GUY DE THOUARS [see BRITTANY 6], in right of his 1st wife, Count (or Duke) of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars, by his wife, Aumur (or Aumou) [see AQUITAINE 3.ii.a for his ancestry]. They had three daughters, Alix (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond), Marguerite, and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was buried at Villeneuve. In 1202 he joined King Philippe Augustus, and his English lands were confiscated. He served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) EUSTACHE DE MAULEON, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d'Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre de Chemillé, Knt. [seigneur of Chemille, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas de Chemillé, Knt. In October 1203 he was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. In 1206 King Philippe Auguste of France granted him le Broherec, la Cornouaille, and le Pouher. GUY DE THOUARS died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) RENAUD DE MAULEVRIER. She was living in 1244. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67-68. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1333 (abstract of charter of Guy de Thouars dated 1208 naming his mother, Aumuz, and his wife, [Constance] Countess of Brittany). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1(1725): 445-461 (sub Bretagne). Morice Méms. pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 37-38, 822 (dower of Katherine of Brittany, wife of André III de Vitré), 912-913, 917, 919-920 (instances of Pierre de Chemillé styled "uncle" [avunculus] by Jean, Duke of Brittany, in 1238, 1240, 1241), 930-931 (Thomas de Chemillé styled "brother" [fratri] by Pierre de Chemillé). Morice Histoire Ecclésiastique et Civil de Bretagne 1 (1750): xvii-xviii (Counts of Penthievre ped). Banks Dormant & Extinct Baronage of England 1 (1807): 218-220. Hanshall Hut. of the County Palatine of Chester (1823): 21-23. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 325 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated 1230), 574-575 (Jerveaux Abbey - Genealogy of the Counts of Richmond). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 247-249. Extracta e Vanis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 70 ("Henricus, regis Dauid filius, comes Huntyntoune et Northumbrie vxorem duxit Adam filiam Willelmi senioris, sororis Willelmi junioris comitis de Warenna, et sororem comitis Roberti Legecesterensis, et Walranni comitis de Melent, cuius mater fait soror Rodulphi comitis de Perona, regis Francorum Ludouici consanguinea, ex qua suscepit tres inclitos filios Genuit eciam idem princeps Henricus totidem Elias ex uxore sua predicta Ada, scilicet, Adam, que lege conjugii tradita est comiti Holandie Fiorentino: secundam, Margaretam Conano duci Britannie comiti de Richmonth nuptam, ex qua genuit filiam nomine Constanciam Gaufrido, comiti Ancligauie, fratri regis Anglie Richardi Primi, disponsatam, de qua Gaufridus genuit alum nomine Arthurum, postea in mare mersum, vnam eciam filiam, Aleciam nomine, que a Petro Mauclerk concepit et peperit filium, normna Johannem, postea ducem Britannie, et aliam filiani nomine Alienoram, que cum Arthuro fratre in mare periit."). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 365-369 (re. Thouars fam.). Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbaris 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 207. Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Geoffrey). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 35 (1874): 8-9 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5 (seal of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond dated 1185 - Le duc à cheval, vêtu du haubert, coiffé d'un heaume a timbre arrondi; lance au gonfanon. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS DVX BRI Revers: Le duc à cheval, couvert d'un immense bouclier, brandissant son épée. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS COMES RICHEMVNDIE), 5-6 (undated seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond - Dame debout, coiffée en tresses, revêtue d'un sur ___ ajusté du corsage, des hanches et des bras, at recouvert d'une chape, un faucon sur le poing, en fleuron dans la main droite. [Légende:]* CONSTANCIA DVCISS … [COM]ITISSA RICH[EMUN]DIE). Ormerod Hist. of the County Palatine & City of Chester 1 (1882): 33-41. Robertson Materials for the Hist. of Thomas Becket 6 (Rolls Ser. 67) (1882): 170-174. Bull & Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Département d'Ille-et-Vilaine 17 (1885): 370-371, 371-372 (charter dated 1182-85 of Geoffrey son of King Henry, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richmond; charter granted with consent of his wife, Constance), 373 (charter dated 1183-86 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to the church of Rouen), 374- 376 (charter dated 1187 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 376-377 (charter dated 1189 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 377-378 (charter dated 1193 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Melaine of Rennes Abbey), 379-380 (charter dated 1198 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond), 380-381 (charter dated 1199 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Notre Dame près Aurai Priory), 383-384 (charter dated 1199-1201 of Guy de Thouars, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond and his wife, Constance, Duchess of Brittany to Melerai Abbey), 384-387 (foundation charter dated 1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond for Villeneuve Abbey), 387 (charter dated 1187-1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Buzai Abbey), 388-390, 391-392 (charter dated 1205 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the monks of Villeneuve), 394-397 (charter dated 1207 by Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the canons of Nantes), 397-406, 406-407 (charter dated 1212 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany), 408, 409 (charter dated 1201-13 of Guy, Duke of Brittany to the nuns of Saint-Sulpice les Rennes). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 365-366 (sub Chester); 3 (1886): 107-109 (sub Richmond). Annales Cestrienses (Lanc. & Cheshire Rec. Soc. 14) (1887): 40-41 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1188: "Rannulphus comes cestrie Cui etiam dedit Henricus rex anglie in uxorem relictam v Kl. [recte Galfridi filii sui] Cui comitissam britannie filia Alani [recte Conant] Comitis britannie nominee Constancia et toto comittatu de Richemund quam ipse comes Cestrie Rannulphus desponsavit in die Sancte Werburge virginis, id est, tertia nonas Februarii [3 Feb.] apud ..."), 46 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1200: "Rannulphus comes Cestrie desponsavit uxorem filiam Radulphi de Feugis, nomine Clementiam, relicta comitissa Britannie, nomine Constancia."). La Borderie Recueil d’Actes Inédits des Ducs et Princes de Bretagne (XIe, XIIe, XIIIe Siecles) (1888). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 378 (seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond dated 1190-1198 - Pointed oval. To the right. Standing, with tightly-fitting dress, long fur-lined cloak fastened at the throat, in the right hand a lily-flower, on the left hand a hawk with long jesses.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Gaufridus comes."). Rosenzweig Cartulaire général de Morbihan 1 (1895): 190-191 (charter of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, dated between 1182-1183). Inventaire Sommaire des Archives Départementales antérieures a 1790, Loire-Inférieure 2(2) Ser. C & D (1898): 147. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 220 (Livre d'Anniversaires des XIVe-XVe Siedes: "18 August - [Obiit] Gaufridi, comitis Britanie [1186]."). Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 531-532. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 355. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 58-70. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103-106, 371-372 (biog. of Geoffrey Fitz Roy, Count of Brittany). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 441-458. Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 195 (chart). Le Moyen Age 35 (1924-5): 63-70. Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Peds. (1925): 11 (ped. of Earls of Chester). Brunel et al. Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 2 (1943): 542. C.P. 10 (1945): 780 (chart), 794-805 (sub Richmond). Annales de Bretagne 53 (1946), 1-27. Painter Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). BIHR 50 (1977): 112-115. Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 2 (1981): 13 (seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated c.1200 - A shield of arms: a lion passant. Legend: + SIGILLVM [R]A[NVF]I COMMS CESTRIE). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as "a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler"). Hist. Research 63 (1990): 1-16. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 45-47. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany & her Fam. (1999). Everard Brittany & the Angevins (2000). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 347-360. Jones Between France & England (2003): 38-40. Wheeler & Parsons Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 101. Richard Eales, `Ranulf (HI), sixth earl of Chester and first earl of Lincoln (1170-1232)', in Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (2004). Bull & Léglu World of Eleanor of Aquitaine (2005). Guéraud Contribution a "Etude du Processus coutumier au Moyen Age (2008): 250 (charter of Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, dated after 1173 names his mother, Aumou, his wife Sibyl; his brothers, Guy, Hugues, Geoffroi, and Raymond; and his sisters, Marie and Amabil), 251 (chart), 305. Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany: a. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182-4.She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold's death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 October 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wiltshire. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 ("commonly called The Damsel of Britain"). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Green Letters of Royal & Ill. Ladies (1846): 24-27 ("The ac	of Navarre, Bérengère (I7157)
6021	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1133. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, at Whitsuntide 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ALIENOR) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine [see FRANCE 6] (divorced 21 March 1152), and daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Aénor, daughter of Amaury (or Aimery) I, Vicomte of Châtellerault [see AQUITAINE 4 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud [Abbess of Barking]. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen's heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the "Angevin empire" (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. In 1158 he confirmed a treaty with King Louis VII of France involving the marriage of Henry's son to the French king's daughter. In the summer of 1159 he launched an unsuccessful expedition against Toulouse, which he claimed as Duke of Aquitaine. His reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connacht, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king's bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Poitiers (Vienne), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried in the church of the Abbey of Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire). Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1st marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France [see FRANCE 6], namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes) [see BLOIS 4] and Alix of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France [see WYDEVILLE 4]. References: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20 (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules at de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France, etc.); 13 (1869): 308 i (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703,708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines); 19 (1880): 336-337. Schwennicke Europæische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquataine: Lord & Lady (2003). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59-72. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1128 (Agnes de Barbezillo styled "aunt" famital of Queen Eleanor [of Aquitaine), wife of King Louis WI of France). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 17 (Kalendar of Obits: "II Non. Julius [6 July]. Obitus Henrici Regis Anglie, filie Matildis."). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1725): 76-77. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7-10, 10-12 (will of King Henry II). L'Art de Vérifier les Dates 2 (1784): 348-365 (sub Comtes de Poitiers, Ducs de Aquitaine). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1786): 190 (Ex Radulfi de Diceto: Ralph de Fay styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1 (1) (1816): 81-82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William [Fitz Roy], 4th Earl of Surrey (or Warenne), styled "kinsman" [cognati] by King Henry II). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1-4 (will of King Henry II of England). Gray Scalacronica (1836): 278 (Ermengarde de Beaumont, wife of William the Lion, King of Scots styled "cousin" [cosyn] of King Henry II of England). Historiæ Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (Surtees Soc. 9) (1839): Appendix, pg. 1, charter no. xixii (Hugh [du Puiset], Bishop of Durham, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 304-378 (biog. of Eleanora of Aquitaine). Pertz Chronica et Annales ævi Salui (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 6) (1844): (Roberti de Monte Cronica [Robert de Torigni]): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled "aunt" [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled "kinsman" [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled "kinsman" on the part of King Henry II's mother, Empress Maud), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "kinsman" [cognate]; Earl Hugh's wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Evreux "kinswoman" [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II's father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinsman" [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [cognate]); 27(1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinswoman" by King Henry II). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851) 18-19. Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 245 (Annals of Waverley sub AD. 1188 - Baldwin [de Revers], Earl of Cornwall, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry II). Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 372 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars styled "your cousin and our's" [votre cousin et au notre] by queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in letter to her son, King John dated 1200-1201; also see Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chattes 32 (1871): 412-413). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 33 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Henry II), 46 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of King Henry II). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled "kinsman" of King Henry II; see Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 83, footnote 1). Grasilier Cartulaires Inédits de la Saintonge 2: Cartulaire de l'Abbaye Royale de Notre-Dame de Saintes (1871): 13-16, 19-21, 35-36, 36 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France dated 1151 names her "sister” [sororis], Aelith), 37, 51 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France, dated 1140 names her "aunt" [amite], Agnes [de Barbezieux], Abbess of Saintes; charter witnessed by Aelith, "sister" [sorore] of Queen Eleanor), 52, 78. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 192 (birth of King Henry II); 2 (1873): 7 (sub A.D. 1168: Mathieu, Count of Boulogne, styled "kinsman" [cognatum] of King Henry II of England). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Set.) (1874): 285 (Ralph de Pale styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Montzey Hist. de is Fliche 1 (1877): 137-146. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 426, 439 (Chron. of Geoffrey Vosiensis: Sarah daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall and wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] of King Henry II of England). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 15 (1878): 767-768 (P[etrus Raimundi], Abbot of Saint Maxent, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in letters dated 1161). Eyton Court, Household & Intinerary of King Henry II (1878): 8 (Henry [de Sully], Abbot of Fécamp, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Stubbs Hist. Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1879): 93 (birth of King Henry II), 140-141 (David I, King of Scots, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] of King Henry II of England). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). Bain Cal. Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15-17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of Queen Eleanor). Hart Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia 1 (1884): 106 (Silvio de Cresto styled "queen's kinsman" [nepoti Regina]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 10-13 (seal of King Henry II - Obverse. King enthroned, holding sword and orb; generally ressembling the obverse of seals of Henry I. and Stephen, but with differences in arches on front of throne, and in the various proportions. Legend: + HENRICVS DEI • G[RATIA] • REX ANGLORUM. Four small points in cross placed as a stop between the words. Reverse. King on a horse to the right; hauberk, continuous coif, and chausses of chain-mail, here represented by rings. Conical helmet with nasal. Shield secured by strap passing round king's neck, and fastened by a ring into inner surface of leather. In right hand a long sword; in left hand the short strap of shield and reins. Horse's head-gear composed of chain-work. Legend: + HENR : DEI : GRA : DVX : NORM: [ ] ET : AQVIT : ET: COM : ANDEG.). Christie Annales Cestrienses (1887): 29-35 (Bertrade of Evreux, wife of Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "cousin" of King Henry II in chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164-1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled "kinswoman" [cognate] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). Gross Gild Merchant 2 (1890): 28-29 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem 1(1894): 108, 125-128, 180-181, 312, 470-471, 480-482, 519, 527, 567-568; 2 (1897): 18-19. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "7 Jul. [Obiit] Henricus secundus, rex Anglorum."). Archives Hist. de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6-7 (charter of Eleanor). Beauchet-Filleau Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des Families du Poitou 2 (1895): 320 ("L'obituaire de Fontevrault place son décès le jour des ides de janvier. Dnus Radulfus princeps de Faia, avunculus Dnæ Alienordis Reginae. (bat. 54802 89.)) (author identifies Ralph de Fay as son of Aimery I, Vicomte of Châtellerault). Wigram Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford 2 (1896): 116 (Empress Maud styled "sister" [soror] and her son, Henry [afterwards King Henry II of England] styled "nephew" [nepos] by Robert Fitz Roy, Earl of Gloucester in charter dated c.1142). Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Andre de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England, and her son, King John, in letter dated 1199). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 69 (grant by King Henry II dated 1186-9). Broussillon Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers 2 (1903): 84 (Raoul [de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "dearest kinsman" [charissimus cognatus] in letter by King Henry II of England). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78-93; 42 (1927): 569-572; 74 (1959): 193-213; 110 (1995): 652-655. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 104-105 (Mary, Abbess of Romsey, styled "kinswoman" [cognata/cognatam] by King Henry II). Jeayes Desc. Cat. Derbyshire Charters (1906): 244 (Maud [of Gloucester], Countess of Chester, styled "kinswoman" [cognata] by King Henry II in charter dated ?1175). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593-596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452-463 (biog. of Henry II: "... his nature was full of passion... [he] was a great builder... Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign... probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day... genius for government"). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie (1909): 352-354 (biog. of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England: "Un des recueils de Gaignières (ms. latin 5419, p. 80) nous a conservé l'image de sceau dont elle continua a se servir pendant son veuvage. C'est un long sceau allongé et pointu sot lequel elle est représentée debout, tenant on oiseau sur la main gauche; il ne subsistait que la dernière partie de la légende: NORMANORVM DUCISSA ET ANDEGAVIE COMITISSA. Il y a aux Auxives nationales, attaché a one charte de l'année 1199, on exemplaire mutile de ce même sceau."). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184-1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 ([Maud de Bohun], wife of Juhel de Mayenne, styled "neptis Regis" [kinswoman of King Henry II]). Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled "king's kinsman" in 1188), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see also Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; Round Cal Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II; see also Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1846): 142; Méms. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de Picardie 47 (1936): 182-184 (Eustache's mother named in charter as Isabel); Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XIe-XIIIe Siècle) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l'Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191-192 (Eustache named in charter as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavene, Count of Saint-Pol)]. Delisle & Berger Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre, Duc de Normandie 3 (1927): 136 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), ([Raoul de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Chartrou-Charbonnel L'Anjou de 1109 à 1151: Foulque de Jérusalem et Geoffroi Plantegenêt (1928). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 253 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Speculum 30 (1955): 374-384. Boussard Le Gouvernement d'Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32-33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153-156. Genealogists' Mag. 14 (1964): 361-368. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154 3 (1968). Charles Evans "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany," in Mélanges Offerts à Szaboles de Vajay à l'Occasion de Son Cinquitième Anniversaire (1971): 187-191 (Margery [de Bohun], wife of Pedro Manrique, Count of Lara, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II). Warren Henry II (1973): 216 (Roger [of Gloucester], Bishop of Worcester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II, cites William FitzStephen, III, 103-106). Kibler Eleanor of Aquitaine, Patron & Politcian (1976). Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14-15. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420-1920) (1977): 188-189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3(4) (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 2 (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II] later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Hanna Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89-90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321-336. Tyerman England & the Crusades 1095-1588 (1988): 48 ([Baldwin IV], King of Jerusalem, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II). Williamson Kings & Oueens of Britain (1991): 52-55 (biog. of Henry II:"... a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined.., well-grounded in law and history... undoubtedly a great king"), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Amt Accession of Henry II in England (1993). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "3 Kal. [Apr.] [30 March]. [Obiit] Alienor regina Anglie."). Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Church Medieval Knighthood V. Papers from the 66 Strawberry Hill Conf. 1994 (1995): 68. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Viator 27 (1996): 53 et seq. Vincent et al. Acta of Henry II & Richard 12 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67-69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled "king's kinsman'). Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England (1999). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Anglo-Norman Studies 23 (2001): 143-154. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Hanna Christchurch Priory Cartulary (Hampshire Rec. Ser. 18) (2007): 124 (Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II in charter dated 1154-71). Harper-Bill Henry II: New Interpretations (2007). Hosier Henry II (2007): 54. Cornwall Rec. Office: Arundell of Lanherne & Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert [Fitz Count], son of [Robert Fitz Roy], Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Online resource: The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm). Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153. He died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about 25 Dec. 1156, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65-66. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 434-435 (undated charter of King Henry II dated at Reading to Hurley Priory, Berkshire made for the health of the souls of his late son, William, and his grandfather, King Henry I). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Matthew of Paris Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum 1 (Rolls Set. 44) (1866): 307 (sub A.D. 1157: "In Adventu autem infirmatus Willelmus, primogenitus regis Henrici, obiit, diebus hujus anni scilicet Nataliciis; under dissentio est, utrum hoc vel anno praeterito obierit. Sepultus est autem apud Radingum."). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of William). Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34 (sub A.D. 1156: "Obiit Guillermus, primogenitus filius Henrici regis Anglorum, et sepultus est Radingis ad pedes Henrici regis, proavi sui."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hirst. (1872). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled "the Young King"), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or is Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. They had one son, William. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173-74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) BELA III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama [see HUNGARY 8], son of Geza II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama, by his wife, Euphrosine, daughter of Mstislav II the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. He was born about 1148. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following the death of her husband, Bela III, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66-67. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam of England (1851): 18-19. Douet-D'Arcq Historiques et Critiques sur les Anciens Comtes de Beaumont-sur-Oise (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie: Docs. Inédits 4) (1855): 50-51 (Henry the Young King of England styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Eleanor de Vermandois, Countess of Beaumont in charter dated 1184). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of Henry), 41-45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Henry). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: "Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo matito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit."). Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): iv (rare charter of Young Henry dated c.1170, in which he uses the style "rex Angliæ et Dux Normanniæ et Comes Andegaviæ, Regis Henrici filius"). Deville Tornbeaux de la Cathédral de Rotten (1881): 161-162,164-165,210-211. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13 (seal of Henry son of King Henry II dated 1170-1182 - King, enthroned, with sceptre and orb; sides of throne terminate in animals' heads, as on the thrones on the French royal seals. Legend: HENRICVS REX ANGLOR DVX NORMANNOR ET COMES ANDEGAVOR.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "11 Jun. [Obiit] Henricus tertius, rex Anglorum."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591-594, 602. Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382-384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240-241. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224-226. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he "used style rex Anglorum... hence called by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III"). Smith English Episc. Acta 2 Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110-111. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 96-97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297-326 ("the sole associate king in English post-conquest history"). Child of Henry of England, by Margaret of France: a. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born about 19 June 1177, died 22 June 1177. Benedict of Peterborough Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 177 ("Eodem anno [1177] circa clausum Pentecosten, Margareta, guæ, at supradictum est, prægnans abiit ad regem Franciæ patrem suum, peperit filium, et vocatum eat nomen ejus Willelmus, sed infra triduum obiit Parisius ubi natus fuit; et quidam dicebant quod abortivus fuit."). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH XII der Löwe (or HENRY the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich X, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, Holy Roman Emperor], and Wilhelm [Count of Luneburg], and two daughters, Maud and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180, and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Braunschweig (or Brunswick). In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. His wife, Maud, died at Braunschweig 28 June 1189. HEINRICH OF BRAUNSCHWEIG, former Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, died 6 August 1195. He and his wife, Maud, were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69-70. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Green Lives of the Princesses of England 1 (1857): 214-262 (biog. of Matilda of England). Pertz Historici Germania sac. XII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 21) (1869): 115-116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sæc. XII. et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled "kinsman" [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Ströhl Deutsch Wappenrolle (1897): 72. Hohnstein Geschichte des Heroztums Braunschweig (1908): 91-140 (biog. of Heinrich der Löwe). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Waltz Ottonis et Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris (Monumenta Germaniæ Histories, Scriptures rerum Germanicarum 46) (1912): 350 (Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris Appendix sub A.D. 1168: "... nam inter imperatorem et regem Angliæ fedus et amicicia fuit, data filia sua in uxorem Heinrico duci Bawariæ et Saxoniæ."). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 284 (ancestry of Maud of England). Jordan Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Löwen Herzogs von Sachsen and Bayern (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Laienfürsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit) (1941): 51-53 (Gebhard I, Count of Burghausen styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich), 107-108 (Otto VI, Count Palatine of Wittelsbach, afterwards Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepos] by Duke Heinrich), 181-182 (Friedrich II, Count Palatine of Saxony, Count of Sommerschenburg styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich). Foreville L'Eglise et le Royaute en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154-1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Appelt Die Urkunden Friedrichs I. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser 10(1)) (1975): 18-19, 231-233, 347-349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [cognate/cognate] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259-260, 332-335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepotem/nepos] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364-365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [consanguine] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Gens Nostra 46 (1991): 540-541. Kegel Die Jüngere Hildesheimer Briefsammlung (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Die Briefe Der Deutschen Kaiserzeit 7) (1995): 101-102 (letter of Heinrich of Braunschweig to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188), 102-103 (Heinrich of Braunschweig styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] in letter from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Jour. Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379-393. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bayern/heinrich_12_derloewe_herzog_von_bayern_1195_welfen/heinrich_12_der loewe_herzog_von_bayern_und_sachsen_+_1195.html. Children of Maud of England, by Duke Heinrich XII der Löwe: a. OTTO OF BRUNSWICK, 3rd son. He was educated at the court of his uncle, King Richard I of England, under whose experience he gained valuable experience in war. He was appointed Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, and Earl of Yorkshire. When Emperor Henry VI died in Sept. 1197, some of the German princes under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, were anxious to find a rival to Philip, Duke of Swabia, who had been elected German king. Otto married (1st) 22 July 1212 BEATRIX OF HOHENSTAUFEN, daughter of Philip, Duke of Swabia. They had no issue. His wife, Beatrix, died 11 August 1212. He married (2nd) at Aachen 19 May 1214 MARIA OF BRABANT, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Lorraine and Brabant, Margrave of Antwerp, by his 1st wife, Machtild (or Mahaud), daughter and co-heiress of Mathieu of Flanders, Count of Boulogne [see BRABANT 5 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. OTTO IV, late Emperor, died at the Harzburg 19 May 1218, and was buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. His widow, Maria, married (2nd) in July 1220 WILHELM (or WILLEM) I, Count of Holland [see HOLLAND 5]. She died between 9 March and 14 June 1260. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 477-478 (Richard I, King of England, styled "uncle" [avunculus] in charter of Otto, Duke of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 28-29, 87-88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" [nepos] by King John of England). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 37-48 (Otto of Saxony [former Emperor Otto IV] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 57-60 (Otto [IV], late Emperor, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1228). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 290 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1218: "Otho imperator Alemanniæ, nepos Ricardi et Johannis regum obiit."). Piot Cartulaire de l'Abbeye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 199-200 (charter of Henri [II], Duke of Lorraine and Brabant dated 1240, names his "dear sister" [charissima soror], Maria, former Empress of the Romans). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 298-299 ("Eodem anno [1195] Willelmus rex Scottorum ægrotavit, in villa sua quæ dicitur Clacmanan et statuit Othonem filium Henrici ducis Saxoniæ, nepotem Ricardi regis sibi successurum in regnum Scottorum, ita quod ipse Otho filiam suam primogenitam in uxorem cum regno duceret. Et quamvis rex plures haberet qui voluntati suæ in hoc consentirent, tamen comes Patricius et alii multi contradixerunt ..."). Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sac. XII et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 385 (F Gervasii Tilleberiensis Otiis Imperialibus: William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, styled "uncle" [avunculum] of Emperor Otto IV). Doyle Official Baronage of England 3 (1886): 740 (sub York). Thatcher & McNeal Source Book for Mediæval Hist. (1905): 228 (Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" by King John of England in 1202). Hohnstein Geschichte des Herzogtams Braunschweig (1908): 141-149 (biog. of Kaiser Otto IV). Encyclopædia Britannica 20 (1911): 375 (biog. of Otto IV, Roman emperor). Nicholson Love, War & the Grail (2001). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/otto_4_deutscher_koenig_1218_welfen/otto_4_von_ braunschweig_deutscher_koeni8-+_1218.html. b. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF BRUNSWICK, born in 1172. She married (1st) in July 1189 GEOFFREY III, Count of Perche, lord of Toddington, Bedfordshire and Aldbourne and Wanborough, Wiltshire, son of Rotrou III, Count of Perche, by Mathilde, daughter of Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. They had two sons, Geoffrey and Thomas [Count of the Perche]. GEOFFREY III, Count of the Perche, died 5 April 1202. His widow, Maud, married (2nd) before 1203 (as his 1st wife) ENGUERRAND DE COUCY, seigneur of Coucy, and, in right of his wife, Count of the Perche, son and heir of Raoul de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy, by Alix, daughter of Robert I, Count of Dreux. She died in 13 Jan. 1209/10. Placitorum in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservatorum Abbrevatio (1811): 55. Rotuli litterarum patentium in turri Londinensi asservati 1201- 1216 (1834): 18 (Maud, Countess of the Perche, styled "niece" [nepti] by King John of England in 1202). Lepinois & Merlet Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres 2 (1863): 21 (charter of Maud, Countess of Perche, dated June 1202, names her late husband, Geoffrey, and her son, Thomas), 22. Herald & Genealogist 6 (1871): 241- 253 ([Maud], Countess of Perche styled "niece" [neptis] by King John, cites Rot. Normann. p. 87.). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 436-438 (J. de Pertico [Enguerrand de Coucy, Count of the Perche] styled "your kinsman" [consobrinum tuum] in letter from Pope Innocent III to King Philippe Auguste of France in 1203). Money Hist. of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11(1903): 304-305. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 374 (biog. of Geoffrey de Perche). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France: County of the Perche 1000-1226 (2002). Kathleen Thompson "Matilda, countess of the Perche (1171-1210): The expression of authority in name, style and seal" available at www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/crahm/revue/tabularia/thompson.html. iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Cæur-de-Lion or the Iionheart), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice (or Alix) of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother's inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173-4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175-77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry's death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father's orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions, including Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard's marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry's death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BERENGERE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho Vi el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard's journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, whom he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. His second Coronation was solemnised in Winchester Cathedral 17 April 1194. In October 1196 he made peace with Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, renouncing all claims to the county of Toulouse and the subject county of Rouergue; he also returned Quercy and gave the Agenais as part of the dowry for his sister Joan's marriage to Raymond. In 1199, during a minor siege at Chalus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. Following Richard's death, the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire formed part of his widow, Berengere's dower, but she did not enjoy her full tights as indicated by a papal letter to King John in 1209. In 1204 Bérengère ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thoré in Maine. She was co-heiress in 1226 to her cousin, Guillaume, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, Count of Perche. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l'Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l'Epau Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73-80. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1045-1046 (charters of Queen Bérengère of England). Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 12. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 266 (Obit. of Tintem Abbey: "Ricardus Rex Angliæ primus obiit xxvii. die Mardi"; "Berengerus et comitissa soror ejus obiit xxiij. die Decembris."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 313-314. Brequigny Table Chronologique des Diplomes, Charles, Titres et Actes Imprimés concernant l'Histoire de France 4 (1836): 357. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. Ill. the Hist. of Scotland 1(1837): xxviii-xxix (William the lion, King of Scots styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Richard I of England). Archæologia 27 (1838): 109-112. Green Letters of Royal & Ill Ladies (1846): 30-34 (two letters of Bérengère, Queen of England). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Riley Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1853): 120 (Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham, styled "our dearly beloved cousin" by King Richard I). Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21(1855): 604 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): "... Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi"). Migne Innocentii III Romani pontificis opera omnia (Patrologia Ser. Latina 215) (1855): 1538-1539. Arbois de Jubainville Hist. des Ducs et des Comtes de Champagne 5 (1863): 195, 229-230, 238. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Charles 2 (1866): 181-182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled "aunt" [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] "Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de Ella Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus."). Lalore Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Boulancoutt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: "23 Dec. - solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d'Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne"). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 39 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Richard I), 151 (Chronicon Sancti Sergii Andegavensis: death of King Richard I). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147-159. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 447 ([Blanche of Navarre], Countess of Troyes, styled "sister" [sororem] of Queen Bérengère in letter by Pope Innocent III to King John dated 1204). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13-14 (seal of King Richard I - Obverse. King enthroned: closely fitting tunic, loose surcoat with embroidered edges at neck and arms, and cloak. Open crown of three points fleury. In right hand a sword held erect; in left hand an orb topped by a cross fleur-de-lisée. Throne of elaborate pannelled work, of four stages of arcading with intervening head-mouldings, the back splayed away, and footboard enriched with carvings of quatrefoils, and a corbel on seven arches. In the field, on either side of king's head, a crescent enclosing an estoile of seven points wavy. On either side of throne a sprig of the planta genista, or broom. Legend: + RICARDVS DEI GRACIA REX ANGLORVM. Reverse. King on horseback to right. Hauberk and surcoat of mail armour, conical helmet, large broad sword, bowed shield on which a lion rampant contoume. Horse-trappings: head-gear, ornamental saddle and breast-band. Legend: + RICARDVS DVX NORMANNORVM ET AQVITANORVM ET COMES ANDEGAVORVM.). Meyer L'Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338-340, esp. lines 9392-9432 (André de Chauvigny styled "king's kinsman"). Delisle Manuscrits Latins et Français ajoutés aux Fonds des Nouvelles Acquisitions Pendant les Années 1875-1894 2 (1894): 509-510 (Calendrier of Maubuisson Abbey) ("X kal. januarii [23 Dec.]. Obiit Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 556-557 (charter of King Richard I dated 1189-1190); 2 (1897): 179-180. Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 89-90 (William the lion, King of Scotland styled "dearest cousin" by King Richard I of England in 1189), 92-93 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and cousin and liegeman" by King Richard I of England in 1194). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(2) (Recueil des Historiens de la France - Obituaires) (1902): 645 (Abbaye de Port Royal: "x. cal. [23 Dec.]. Ce jour est fait l’anniversaire de Berangarie, royne [1229], et de Blanche, contesse, et non en convent."), 655 (Abbaye de Maubuisson: "[23 Dec.]. x kal. jan. Obiit. Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Lair (Société des Archives Hist. du Maine 6) (1905): 80-81. D.N.B. 16(1909): 1022-1031 (biog. of Richard I: "... He was a stern ruler.., where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault... In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree... He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher... a man of many accomplishments"). Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: "A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale"). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 18-20 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Richard I in 1197). Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174-1328 (1965): 12-14 (William the lion, King of Scotland, styled "kinsman" by King Richard in 1189), 18-19 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and kinsman" [amico et consanguineo] by King Richard in 1194). Paget lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185-198; 23 (1997): 351-365. Bull. Inst. Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157-173. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36-37. Mitchell Berengaria, Enigmatic Queen of England (1986). King & Ridyard Law in Mediæval Life & Thought (Sewanee Mediæal Studies 5) (1990): 21-42. Williamson Kings & Queens of Britain (1991): 55-56,65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 127 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus April [6 April]. Obiit Ricardus Rex Anglie, qui dedit Boscum de Blen cum pertinentiis suis Ecclesie Christi."), 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus Apr. 16 April]. Obiit Richardus rex Angliae."). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37-53; 43 (1999): 79-89. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58,189-200. French Hist. Studies 21 (1998): 517-542. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart's Queen (1999): 23 (Queen Bérengère's "long years of widowhood" reveal "a strong, courageous woman, independent, solitary, battling against difficult political and economic circumstances, with little interest in the trappings of a courtly existence, sustained by her faith in Christ and her royalty to the See of St Peter, not afraid to assert her rights against powerful enemies, both lay and clerical."), 183 (Queen Bérengère styled "kinswoman" by King Louis IX of France). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 97,105. Online resources: www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm. Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, ___: a. PHILIP FITZ ROY (otherwise PHILIP DE COGNAC), in right of his wife, of Cognac, Merpins, and Jarnac. He married AMELIE DE COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Adémar, Count of Angouleme, did homage to him in 1194, and also after his father's death. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father's death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Bull. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de l'Ouest et des Musées de Poitiers 12 (1845): 415. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464-465 ("In the same year [A.D. 11991, Philip, bastard son of Richard, king of England, to whom the said king, his father, had given the castle and the manor of Cuinac, slew the before-named viscount of Limoges, in revenge for his father."). Comptes d'Alphonse de Poitiers (Archives Hist. du Poitou 4) (1875): 21-22 ("... Tempore domini comids Pictavensis Henrici, qui fuit rex Anglie, quittavit pater comitis Audomaris Engolismensis, in aula Pictavensi, Bardon, dominum Coignyaci, de homagio quod petebat ab ipso de Coygnyaco, et eo presente et concedente, fecit homagium dominus Coygnyaci domini comiti Pictavensi, de Cognyaco et pertinentiis; et credo quod adhuc vivunt multi qui hoc viderunt. Filius dicti domini Cognyaci fecit similiter homagium Richardo Pictavensi, de Coygnyaco et pertinentiis; quo domino Cognyaci mortuo, dedit rex Richardus comes Pictavensis dominam Amellyam unicam heredem Coygnyaci, quam habebat in ballo, ratione comitatus Pictavensis, in uxorem cuidam filio suo notho, scilicet Philippo de Coygnyaco; qua defuncta sine liberis, tenuit dictus comes Richardus dictum castrum et eum tradidit Roberto de Torniant, senescallo suo Pictavensis."). Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes 1 (1883): 271. Boissonade Quomodo Comites Engolismenses ega Reges Anglia, et Francia se Gesserint 1152- 1328 (1893). Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330. Furness I. & Death of King John (1919): 6-9. Boissonade L'Ascension, le Déclin et la Chute d'un Grand Etat Féodal du Centre-Ouest: Les Taillefer et les Lusignans (Bull. et Méms. de la Soc. Arch. et Hist. de la Charente) (1935). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 ("Philipp° f[ilio] R. Richardi"). Martin-Civat Les Seigneuties de Cognac, Jarnac et Metpins dons l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XIIe et XIIIe Siècle (Congrès des Socs. Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956). Henderson Richard Coeur de Lion (1959): 242. Shakespeare Quarterly 11 (1960): 137-146. Powicke Loss of Normandy (1961): 32-33. Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274-275. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102. Le Château Royal of Cognac (Mems./Institut d'Hist. et d'Arch. de Cognac et du Cognaçais) 2 (1972): 5. Shakespeare Studies (1976): 59-70. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126-127, 179. Debord La Soc. Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente Xe-XlIe Siècle (1984): 486-488. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 769 (sub Limoges). Evergates Feudal Soc. in Medieval France (1993): 58-59. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58. Bernard et al. Hist. du Poitou et des Pays Charentais (2001): 151. Erickson Royal Panoply: Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (2006): 46. v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 (by dispensation, they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY [see BRITTANY 6], daughter and heiress of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland [see BRITTANY 5 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1162. They had three children (see below). In 1178 he was knighted at Woodstock by his father. In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Notre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH, Earl of Chester [see CHESTER 5.i], Judge in the King's Court, 1193, Constable of Sermilly Castle, 1201-4, Constable of the Tower of Avranches, 1203, Warden of the Peak Castle and Forest, 1215, Steward of the Town and Honour of Lancaster, 1216-23, Constable of Fotheringay Castle, 1221-2, Steward of the Honour of Leicester, 1222, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, son and heir of Hugh, Earl of Chester, hereditary Vicomte of Avranches, by Bertrade, daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux, seigneur of Montfort-l'Amaury [see CHESTER 5 for his ancestry]. They had no issue. In 1196 Ranulph captured Constance en route to her 6n5li7ing negotiations with King Richard I and confined her at Benvron for at least a year. Soon after her release, she sought the annulment of their marriage which was granted in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. She married (3rd) before October 1199 (as his 1st wife) GUY DE THOUARS [see BRITTANY 6], in right of his 1st wife, Count (or Duke) of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars, by his wife, Aumur (or Aumou) [see AQUITAINE 3.ii.a for his ancestry]. They had three daughters, Alix (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond), Marguerite, and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was buried at Villeneuve. In 1202 he joined King Philippe Augustus, and his English lands were confiscated. He served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) EUSTACHE DE MAULEON, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d'Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre de Chemillé, Knt. [seigneur of Chemille, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas de Chemillé, Knt. In October 1203 he was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. In 1206 King Philippe Auguste of France granted him le Broherec, la Cornouaille, and le Pouher. GUY DE THOUARS died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) RENAUD DE MAULEVRIER. She was living in 1244. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67-68. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1333 (abstract of charter of Guy de Thouars dated 1208 naming his mother, Aumuz, and his wife, [Constance] Countess of Brittany). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1(1725): 445-461 (sub Bretagne). Morice Méms. pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 37-38, 822 (dower of Katherine of Brittany, wife of André III de Vitré), 912-913, 917, 919-920 (instances of Pierre de Chemillé styled "uncle" [avunculus] by Jean, Duke of Brittany, in 1238, 1240, 1241), 930-931 (Thomas de Chemillé styled "brother" [fratri] by Pierre de Chemillé). Morice Histoire Ecclésiastique et Civil de Bretagne 1 (1750): xvii-xviii (Counts of Penthievre ped). Banks Dormant & Extinct Baronage of England 1 (1807): 218-220. Hanshall Hut. of the County Palatine of Chester (1823): 21-23. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 325 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated 1230), 574-575 (Jerveaux Abbey - Genealogy of the Counts of Richmond). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 247-249. Extracta e Vanis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 70 ("Henricus, regis Dauid filius, comes Huntyntoune et Northumbrie vxorem duxit Adam filiam Willelmi senioris, sororis Willelmi junioris comitis de Warenna, et sororem comitis Roberti Legecesterensis, et Walranni comitis de Melent, cuius mater fait soror Rodulphi comitis de Perona, regis Francorum Ludouici consanguinea, ex qua suscepit tres inclitos filios Genuit eciam idem princeps Henricus totidem Elias ex uxore sua predicta Ada, scilicet, Adam, que lege conjugii tradita est comiti Holandie Fiorentino: secundam, Margaretam Conano duci Britannie comiti de Richmonth nuptam, ex qua genuit filiam nomine Constanciam Gaufrido, comiti Ancligauie, fratri regis Anglie Richardi Primi, disponsatam, de qua Gaufridus genuit alum nomine Arthurum, postea in mare mersum, vnam eciam filiam, Aleciam nomine, que a Petro Mauclerk concepit et peperit filium, normna Johannem, postea ducem Britannie, et aliam filiani nomine Alienoram, que cum Arthuro fratre in mare periit."). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 365-369 (re. Thouars fam.). Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbaris 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 207. Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Geoffrey). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 35 (1874): 8-9 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5 (seal of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond dated 1185 - Le duc à cheval, vêtu du haubert, coiffé d'un heaume a timbre arrondi; lance au gonfanon. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS DVX BRI Revers: Le duc à cheval, couvert d'un immense bouclier, brandissant son épée. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS COMES RICHEMVNDIE), 5-6 (undated seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond - Dame debout, coiffée en tresses, revêtue d'un sur ___ ajusté du corsage, des hanches et des bras, at recouvert d'une chape, un faucon sur le poing, en fleuron dans la main droite. [Légende:]* CONSTANCIA DVCISS … [COM]ITISSA RICH[EMUN]DIE). Ormerod Hist. of the County Palatine & City of Chester 1 (1882): 33-41. Robertson Materials for the Hist. of Thomas Becket 6 (Rolls Ser. 67) (1882): 170-174. Bull & Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Département d'Ille-et-Vilaine 17 (1885): 370-371, 371-372 (charter dated 1182-85 of Geoffrey son of King Henry, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richmond; charter granted with consent of his wife, Constance), 373 (charter dated 1183-86 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to the church of Rouen), 374- 376 (charter dated 1187 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 376-377 (charter dated 1189 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 377-378 (charter dated 1193 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Melaine of Rennes Abbey), 379-380 (charter dated 1198 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond), 380-381 (charter dated 1199 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Notre Dame près Aurai Priory), 383-384 (charter dated 1199-1201 of Guy de Thouars, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond and his wife, Constance, Duchess of Brittany to Melerai Abbey), 384-387 (foundation charter dated 1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond for Villeneuve Abbey), 387 (charter dated 1187-1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Buzai Abbey), 388-390, 391-392 (charter dated 1205 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the monks of Villeneuve), 394-397 (charter dated 1207 by Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the canons of Nantes), 397-406, 406-407 (charter dated 1212 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany), 408, 409 (charter dated 1201-13 of Guy, Duke of Brittany to the nuns of Saint-Sulpice les Rennes). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 365-366 (sub Chester); 3 (1886): 107-109 (sub Richmond). Annales Cestrienses (Lanc. & Cheshire Rec. Soc. 14) (1887): 40-41 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1188: "Rannulphus comes cestrie Cui etiam dedit Henricus rex anglie in uxorem relictam v Kl. [recte Galfridi filii sui] Cui comitissam britannie filia Alani [recte Conant] Comitis britannie nominee Constancia et toto comittatu de Richemund quam ipse comes Cestrie Rannulphus desponsavit in die Sancte Werburge virginis, id est, tertia nonas Februarii [3 Feb.] apud ..."), 46 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1200: "Rannulphus comes Cestrie desponsavit uxorem filiam Radulphi de Feugis, nomine Clementiam, relicta comitissa Britannie, nomine Constancia."). La Borderie Recueil d’Actes Inédits des Ducs et Princes de Bretagne (XIe, XIIe, XIIIe Siecles) (1888). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 378 (seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond dated 1190-1198 - Pointed oval. To the right. Standing, with tightly-fitting dress, long fur-lined cloak fastened at the throat, in the right hand a lily-flower, on the left hand a hawk with long jesses.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Gaufridus comes."). Rosenzweig Cartulaire général de Morbihan 1 (1895): 190-191 (charter of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, dated between 1182-1183). Inventaire Sommaire des Archives Départementales antérieures a 1790, Loire-Inférieure 2(2) Ser. C & D (1898): 147. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 220 (Livre d'Anniversaires des XIVe-XVe Siedes: "18 August - [Obiit] Gaufridi, comitis Britanie [1186]."). Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 531-532. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 355. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 58-70. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103-106, 371-372 (biog. of Geoffrey Fitz Roy, Count of Brittany). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 441-458. Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 195 (chart). Le Moyen Age 35 (1924-5): 63-70. Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Peds. (1925): 11 (ped. of Earls of Chester). Brunel et al. Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 2 (1943): 542. C.P. 10 (1945): 780 (chart), 794-805 (sub Richmond). Annales de Bretagne 53 (1946), 1-27. Painter Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). BIHR 50 (1977): 112-115. Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 2 (1981): 13 (seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated c.1200 - A shield of arms: a lion passant. Legend: + SIGILLVM [R]A[NVF]I COMMS CESTRIE). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as "a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler"). Hist. Research 63 (1990): 1-16. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 45-47. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany & her Fam. (1999). Everard Brittany & the Angevins (2000). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 347-360. Jones Between France & England (2003): 38-40. Wheeler & Parsons Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 101. Richard Eales, `Ranulf (HI), sixth earl of Chester and first earl of Lincoln (1170-1232)', in Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (2004). Bull & Léglu World of Eleanor of Aquitaine (2005). Guéraud Contribution a "Etude du Processus coutumier au Moyen Age (2008): 250 (charter of Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, dated after 1173 names his mother, Aumou, his wife Sibyl; his brothers, Guy, Hugues, Geoffroi, and Raymond; and his sisters, Marie and Amabil), 251 (chart), 305. Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany: a. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182-4.She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold's death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 October 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wiltshire. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 ("commonly called The Damsel of Britain"). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Green Letters of Royal & Ill. Ladies (1846): 24-27 ("The ac	of England, Richard "the Lionheart" (I7156)
6022	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1133. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, at Whitsuntide 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ALIENOR) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine [see FRANCE 6] (divorced 21 March 1152), and daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Aénor, daughter of Amaury (or Aimery) I, Vicomte of Châtellerault [see AQUITAINE 4 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud [Abbess of Barking]. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen's heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the "Angevin empire" (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. In 1158 he confirmed a treaty with King Louis VII of France involving the marriage of Henry's son to the French king's daughter. In the summer of 1159 he launched an unsuccessful expedition against Toulouse, which he claimed as Duke of Aquitaine. His reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connacht, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king's bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Poitiers (Vienne), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried in the church of the Abbey of Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire). Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1st marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France [see FRANCE 6], namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes) [see BLOIS 4] and Alix of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France [see WYDEVILLE 4]. References: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20 (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules at de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France, etc.); 13 (1869): 308 i (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703,708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines); 19 (1880): 336-337. Schwennicke Europæische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquataine: Lord & Lady (2003). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59-72. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1128 (Agnes de Barbezillo styled "aunt" famital of Queen Eleanor [of Aquitaine), wife of King Louis WI of France). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 17 (Kalendar of Obits: "II Non. Julius [6 July]. Obitus Henrici Regis Anglie, filie Matildis."). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1725): 76-77. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7-10, 10-12 (will of King Henry II). L'Art de Vérifier les Dates 2 (1784): 348-365 (sub Comtes de Poitiers, Ducs de Aquitaine). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1786): 190 (Ex Radulfi de Diceto: Ralph de Fay styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1 (1) (1816): 81-82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William [Fitz Roy], 4th Earl of Surrey (or Warenne), styled "kinsman" [cognati] by King Henry II). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1-4 (will of King Henry II of England). Gray Scalacronica (1836): 278 (Ermengarde de Beaumont, wife of William the Lion, King of Scots styled "cousin" [cosyn] of King Henry II of England). Historiæ Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (Surtees Soc. 9) (1839): Appendix, pg. 1, charter no. xixii (Hugh [du Puiset], Bishop of Durham, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 304-378 (biog. of Eleanora of Aquitaine). Pertz Chronica et Annales ævi Salui (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 6) (1844): (Roberti de Monte Cronica [Robert de Torigni]): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled "aunt" [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled "kinsman" [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled "kinsman" on the part of King Henry II's mother, Empress Maud), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "kinsman" [cognate]; Earl Hugh's wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Evreux "kinswoman" [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II's father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinsman" [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [cognate]); 27(1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinswoman" by King Henry II). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851) 18-19. Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 245 (Annals of Waverley sub AD. 1188 - Baldwin [de Revers], Earl of Cornwall, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry II). Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 372 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars styled "your cousin and our's" [votre cousin et au notre] by queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in letter to her son, King John dated 1200-1201; also see Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chattes 32 (1871): 412-413). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 33 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Henry II), 46 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of King Henry II). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled "kinsman" of King Henry II; see Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 83, footnote 1). Grasilier Cartulaires Inédits de la Saintonge 2: Cartulaire de l'Abbaye Royale de Notre-Dame de Saintes (1871): 13-16, 19-21, 35-36, 36 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France dated 1151 names her "sister” [sororis], Aelith), 37, 51 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France, dated 1140 names her "aunt" [amite], Agnes [de Barbezieux], Abbess of Saintes; charter witnessed by Aelith, "sister" [sorore] of Queen Eleanor), 52, 78. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 192 (birth of King Henry II); 2 (1873): 7 (sub A.D. 1168: Mathieu, Count of Boulogne, styled "kinsman" [cognatum] of King Henry II of England). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Set.) (1874): 285 (Ralph de Pale styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Montzey Hist. de is Fliche 1 (1877): 137-146. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 426, 439 (Chron. of Geoffrey Vosiensis: Sarah daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall and wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] of King Henry II of England). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 15 (1878): 767-768 (P[etrus Raimundi], Abbot of Saint Maxent, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in letters dated 1161). Eyton Court, Household & Intinerary of King Henry II (1878): 8 (Henry [de Sully], Abbot of Fécamp, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Stubbs Hist. Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1879): 93 (birth of King Henry II), 140-141 (David I, King of Scots, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] of King Henry II of England). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). Bain Cal. Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15-17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of Queen Eleanor). Hart Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia 1 (1884): 106 (Silvio de Cresto styled "queen's kinsman" [nepoti Regina]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 10-13 (seal of King Henry II - Obverse. King enthroned, holding sword and orb; generally ressembling the obverse of seals of Henry I. and Stephen, but with differences in arches on front of throne, and in the various proportions. Legend: + HENRICVS DEI • G[RATIA] • REX ANGLORUM. Four small points in cross placed as a stop between the words. Reverse. King on a horse to the right; hauberk, continuous coif, and chausses of chain-mail, here represented by rings. Conical helmet with nasal. Shield secured by strap passing round king's neck, and fastened by a ring into inner surface of leather. In right hand a long sword; in left hand the short strap of shield and reins. Horse's head-gear composed of chain-work. Legend: + HENR : DEI : GRA : DVX : NORM: [ ] ET : AQVIT : ET: COM : ANDEG.). Christie Annales Cestrienses (1887): 29-35 (Bertrade of Evreux, wife of Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "cousin" of King Henry II in chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164-1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled "kinswoman" [cognate] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). Gross Gild Merchant 2 (1890): 28-29 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem 1(1894): 108, 125-128, 180-181, 312, 470-471, 480-482, 519, 527, 567-568; 2 (1897): 18-19. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "7 Jul. [Obiit] Henricus secundus, rex Anglorum."). Archives Hist. de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6-7 (charter of Eleanor). Beauchet-Filleau Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des Families du Poitou 2 (1895): 320 ("L'obituaire de Fontevrault place son décès le jour des ides de janvier. Dnus Radulfus princeps de Faia, avunculus Dnæ Alienordis Reginae. (bat. 54802 89.)) (author identifies Ralph de Fay as son of Aimery I, Vicomte of Châtellerault). Wigram Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford 2 (1896): 116 (Empress Maud styled "sister" [soror] and her son, Henry [afterwards King Henry II of England] styled "nephew" [nepos] by Robert Fitz Roy, Earl of Gloucester in charter dated c.1142). Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Andre de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England, and her son, King John, in letter dated 1199). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 69 (grant by King Henry II dated 1186-9). Broussillon Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers 2 (1903): 84 (Raoul [de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "dearest kinsman" [charissimus cognatus] in letter by King Henry II of England). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78-93; 42 (1927): 569-572; 74 (1959): 193-213; 110 (1995): 652-655. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 104-105 (Mary, Abbess of Romsey, styled "kinswoman" [cognata/cognatam] by King Henry II). Jeayes Desc. Cat. Derbyshire Charters (1906): 244 (Maud [of Gloucester], Countess of Chester, styled "kinswoman" [cognata] by King Henry II in charter dated ?1175). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593-596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452-463 (biog. of Henry II: "... his nature was full of passion... [he] was a great builder... Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign... probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day... genius for government"). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie (1909): 352-354 (biog. of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England: "Un des recueils de Gaignières (ms. latin 5419, p. 80) nous a conservé l'image de sceau dont elle continua a se servir pendant son veuvage. C'est un long sceau allongé et pointu sot lequel elle est représentée debout, tenant on oiseau sur la main gauche; il ne subsistait que la dernière partie de la légende: NORMANORVM DUCISSA ET ANDEGAVIE COMITISSA. Il y a aux Auxives nationales, attaché a one charte de l'année 1199, on exemplaire mutile de ce même sceau."). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184-1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 ([Maud de Bohun], wife of Juhel de Mayenne, styled "neptis Regis" [kinswoman of King Henry II]). Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled "king's kinsman" in 1188), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see also Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; Round Cal Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II; see also Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1846): 142; Méms. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de Picardie 47 (1936): 182-184 (Eustache's mother named in charter as Isabel); Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XIe-XIIIe Siècle) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l'Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191-192 (Eustache named in charter as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavene, Count of Saint-Pol)]. Delisle & Berger Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre, Duc de Normandie 3 (1927): 136 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), ([Raoul de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Chartrou-Charbonnel L'Anjou de 1109 à 1151: Foulque de Jérusalem et Geoffroi Plantegenêt (1928). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 253 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Speculum 30 (1955): 374-384. Boussard Le Gouvernement d'Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32-33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153-156. Genealogists' Mag. 14 (1964): 361-368. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154 3 (1968). Charles Evans "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany," in Mélanges Offerts à Szaboles de Vajay à l'Occasion de Son Cinquitième Anniversaire (1971): 187-191 (Margery [de Bohun], wife of Pedro Manrique, Count of Lara, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II). Warren Henry II (1973): 216 (Roger [of Gloucester], Bishop of Worcester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II, cites William FitzStephen, III, 103-106). Kibler Eleanor of Aquitaine, Patron & Politcian (1976). Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14-15. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420-1920) (1977): 188-189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3(4) (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 2 (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II] later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Hanna Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89-90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321-336. Tyerman England & the Crusades 1095-1588 (1988): 48 ([Baldwin IV], King of Jerusalem, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II). Williamson Kings & Oueens of Britain (1991): 52-55 (biog. of Henry II:"... a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined.., well-grounded in law and history... undoubtedly a great king"), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Amt Accession of Henry II in England (1993). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "3 Kal. [Apr.] [30 March]. [Obiit] Alienor regina Anglie."). Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Church Medieval Knighthood V. Papers from the 66 Strawberry Hill Conf. 1994 (1995): 68. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Viator 27 (1996): 53 et seq. Vincent et al. Acta of Henry II & Richard 12 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67-69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled "king's kinsman'). Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England (1999). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Anglo-Norman Studies 23 (2001): 143-154. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Hanna Christchurch Priory Cartulary (Hampshire Rec. Ser. 18) (2007): 124 (Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II in charter dated 1154-71). Harper-Bill Henry II: New Interpretations (2007). Hosier Henry II (2007): 54. Cornwall Rec. Office: Arundell of Lanherne & Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert [Fitz Count], son of [Robert Fitz Roy], Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Online resource: The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm). Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153. He died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about 25 Dec. 1156, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65-66. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 434-435 (undated charter of King Henry II dated at Reading to Hurley Priory, Berkshire made for the health of the souls of his late son, William, and his grandfather, King Henry I). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Matthew of Paris Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum 1 (Rolls Set. 44) (1866): 307 (sub A.D. 1157: "In Adventu autem infirmatus Willelmus, primogenitus regis Henrici, obiit, diebus hujus anni scilicet Nataliciis; under dissentio est, utrum hoc vel anno praeterito obierit. Sepultus est autem apud Radingum."). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of William). Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34 (sub A.D. 1156: "Obiit Guillermus, primogenitus filius Henrici regis Anglorum, et sepultus est Radingis ad pedes Henrici regis, proavi sui."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hirst. (1872). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled "the Young King"), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or is Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. They had one son, William. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173-74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) BELA III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama [see HUNGARY 8], son of Geza II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama, by his wife, Euphrosine, daughter of Mstislav II the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. He was born about 1148. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following the death of her husband, Bela III, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66-67. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam of England (1851): 18-19. Douet-D'Arcq Historiques et Critiques sur les Anciens Comtes de Beaumont-sur-Oise (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie: Docs. Inédits 4) (1855): 50-51 (Henry the Young King of England styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Eleanor de Vermandois, Countess of Beaumont in charter dated 1184). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of Henry), 41-45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Henry). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: "Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo matito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit."). Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): iv (rare charter of Young Henry dated c.1170, in which he uses the style "rex Angliæ et Dux Normanniæ et Comes Andegaviæ, Regis Henrici filius"). Deville Tornbeaux de la Cathédral de Rotten (1881): 161-162,164-165,210-211. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13 (seal of Henry son of King Henry II dated 1170-1182 - King, enthroned, with sceptre and orb; sides of throne terminate in animals' heads, as on the thrones on the French royal seals. Legend: HENRICVS REX ANGLOR DVX NORMANNOR ET COMES ANDEGAVOR.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "11 Jun. [Obiit] Henricus tertius, rex Anglorum."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591-594, 602. Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382-384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240-241. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224-226. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he "used style rex Anglorum... hence called by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III"). Smith English Episc. Acta 2 Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110-111. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 96-97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297-326 ("the sole associate king in English post-conquest history"). Child of Henry of England, by Margaret of France: a. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born about 19 June 1177, died 22 June 1177. Benedict of Peterborough Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 177 ("Eodem anno [1177] circa clausum Pentecosten, Margareta, guæ, at supradictum est, prægnans abiit ad regem Franciæ patrem suum, peperit filium, et vocatum eat nomen ejus Willelmus, sed infra triduum obiit Parisius ubi natus fuit; et quidam dicebant quod abortivus fuit."). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH XII der Löwe (or HENRY the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich X, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, Holy Roman Emperor], and Wilhelm [Count of Luneburg], and two daughters, Maud and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180, and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Braunschweig (or Brunswick). In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. His wife, Maud, died at Braunschweig 28 June 1189. HEINRICH OF BRAUNSCHWEIG, former Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, died 6 August 1195. He and his wife, Maud, were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69-70. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Green Lives of the Princesses of England 1 (1857): 214-262 (biog. of Matilda of England). Pertz Historici Germania sac. XII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 21) (1869): 115-116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sæc. XII. et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled "kinsman" [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Ströhl Deutsch Wappenrolle (1897): 72. Hohnstein Geschichte des Heroztums Braunschweig (1908): 91-140 (biog. of Heinrich der Löwe). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Waltz Ottonis et Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris (Monumenta Germaniæ Histories, Scriptures rerum Germanicarum 46) (1912): 350 (Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris Appendix sub A.D. 1168: "... nam inter imperatorem et regem Angliæ fedus et amicicia fuit, data filia sua in uxorem Heinrico duci Bawariæ et Saxoniæ."). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 284 (ancestry of Maud of England). Jordan Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Löwen Herzogs von Sachsen and Bayern (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Laienfürsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit) (1941): 51-53 (Gebhard I, Count of Burghausen styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich), 107-108 (Otto VI, Count Palatine of Wittelsbach, afterwards Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepos] by Duke Heinrich), 181-182 (Friedrich II, Count Palatine of Saxony, Count of Sommerschenburg styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich). Foreville L'Eglise et le Royaute en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154-1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Appelt Die Urkunden Friedrichs I. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser 10(1)) (1975): 18-19, 231-233, 347-349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [cognate/cognate] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259-260, 332-335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepotem/nepos] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364-365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [consanguine] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Gens Nostra 46 (1991): 540-541. Kegel Die Jüngere Hildesheimer Briefsammlung (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Die Briefe Der Deutschen Kaiserzeit 7) (1995): 101-102 (letter of Heinrich of Braunschweig to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188), 102-103 (Heinrich of Braunschweig styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] in letter from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Jour. Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379-393. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bayern/heinrich_12_derloewe_herzog_von_bayern_1195_welfen/heinrich_12_der loewe_herzog_von_bayern_und_sachsen_+_1195.html. Children of Maud of England, by Duke Heinrich XII der Löwe: a. OTTO OF BRUNSWICK, 3rd son. He was educated at the court of his uncle, King Richard I of England, under whose experience he gained valuable experience in war. He was appointed Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, and Earl of Yorkshire. When Emperor Henry VI died in Sept. 1197, some of the German princes under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, were anxious to find a rival to Philip, Duke of Swabia, who had been elected German king. Otto married (1st) 22 July 1212 BEATRIX OF HOHENSTAUFEN, daughter of Philip, Duke of Swabia. They had no issue. His wife, Beatrix, died 11 August 1212. He married (2nd) at Aachen 19 May 1214 MARIA OF BRABANT, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Lorraine and Brabant, Margrave of Antwerp, by his 1st wife, Machtild (or Mahaud), daughter and co-heiress of Mathieu of Flanders, Count of Boulogne [see BRABANT 5 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. OTTO IV, late Emperor, died at the Harzburg 19 May 1218, and was buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. His widow, Maria, married (2nd) in July 1220 WILHELM (or WILLEM) I, Count of Holland [see HOLLAND 5]. She died between 9 March and 14 June 1260. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 477-478 (Richard I, King of England, styled "uncle" [avunculus] in charter of Otto, Duke of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 28-29, 87-88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" [nepos] by King John of England). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 37-48 (Otto of Saxony [former Emperor Otto IV] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 57-60 (Otto [IV], late Emperor, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1228). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 290 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1218: "Otho imperator Alemanniæ, nepos Ricardi et Johannis regum obiit."). Piot Cartulaire de l'Abbeye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 199-200 (charter of Henri [II], Duke of Lorraine and Brabant dated 1240, names his "dear sister" [charissima soror], Maria, former Empress of the Romans). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 298-299 ("Eodem anno [1195] Willelmus rex Scottorum ægrotavit, in villa sua quæ dicitur Clacmanan et statuit Othonem filium Henrici ducis Saxoniæ, nepotem Ricardi regis sibi successurum in regnum Scottorum, ita quod ipse Otho filiam suam primogenitam in uxorem cum regno duceret. Et quamvis rex plures haberet qui voluntati suæ in hoc consentirent, tamen comes Patricius et alii multi contradixerunt ..."). Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sac. XII et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 385 (F Gervasii Tilleberiensis Otiis Imperialibus: William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, styled "uncle" [avunculum] of Emperor Otto IV). Doyle Official Baronage of England 3 (1886): 740 (sub York). Thatcher & McNeal Source Book for Mediæval Hist. (1905): 228 (Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" by King John of England in 1202). Hohnstein Geschichte des Herzogtams Braunschweig (1908): 141-149 (biog. of Kaiser Otto IV). Encyclopædia Britannica 20 (1911): 375 (biog. of Otto IV, Roman emperor). Nicholson Love, War & the Grail (2001). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/otto_4_deutscher_koenig_1218_welfen/otto_4_von_ braunschweig_deutscher_koeni8-+_1218.html. b. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF BRUNSWICK, born in 1172. She married (1st) in July 1189 GEOFFREY III, Count of Perche, lord of Toddington, Bedfordshire and Aldbourne and Wanborough, Wiltshire, son of Rotrou III, Count of Perche, by Mathilde, daughter of Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. They had two sons, Geoffrey and Thomas [Count of the Perche]. GEOFFREY III, Count of the Perche, died 5 April 1202. His widow, Maud, married (2nd) before 1203 (as his 1st wife) ENGUERRAND DE COUCY, seigneur of Coucy, and, in right of his wife, Count of the Perche, son and heir of Raoul de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy, by Alix, daughter of Robert I, Count of Dreux. She died in 13 Jan. 1209/10. Placitorum in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservatorum Abbrevatio (1811): 55. Rotuli litterarum patentium in turri Londinensi asservati 1201- 1216 (1834): 18 (Maud, Countess of the Perche, styled "niece" [nepti] by King John of England in 1202). Lepinois & Merlet Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres 2 (1863): 21 (charter of Maud, Countess of Perche, dated June 1202, names her late husband, Geoffrey, and her son, Thomas), 22. Herald & Genealogist 6 (1871): 241- 253 ([Maud], Countess of Perche styled "niece" [neptis] by King John, cites Rot. Normann. p. 87.). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 436-438 (J. de Pertico [Enguerrand de Coucy, Count of the Perche] styled "your kinsman" [consobrinum tuum] in letter from Pope Innocent III to King Philippe Auguste of France in 1203). Money Hist. of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11(1903): 304-305. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 374 (biog. of Geoffrey de Perche). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France: County of the Perche 1000-1226 (2002). Kathleen Thompson "Matilda, countess of the Perche (1171-1210): The expression of authority in name, style and seal" available at www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/crahm/revue/tabularia/thompson.html. iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Cæur-de-Lion or the Iionheart), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice (or Alix) of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother's inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173-4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175-77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry's death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father's orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions, including Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard's marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry's death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BERENGERE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho Vi el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard's journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, whom he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. His second Coronation was solemnised in Winchester Cathedral 17 April 1194. In October 1196 he made peace with Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, renouncing all claims to the county of Toulouse and the subject county of Rouergue; he also returned Quercy and gave the Agenais as part of the dowry for his sister Joan's marriage to Raymond. In 1199, during a minor siege at Chalus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. Following Richard's death, the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire formed part of his widow, Berengere's dower, but she did not enjoy her full tights as indicated by a papal letter to King John in 1209. In 1204 Bérengère ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thoré in Maine. She was co-heiress in 1226 to her cousin, Guillaume, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, Count of Perche. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l'Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l'Epau Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73-80. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1045-1046 (charters of Queen Bérengère of England). Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 12. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 266 (Obit. of Tintem Abbey: "Ricardus Rex Angliæ primus obiit xxvii. die Mardi"; "Berengerus et comitissa soror ejus obiit xxiij. die Decembris."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 313-314. Brequigny Table Chronologique des Diplomes, Charles, Titres et Actes Imprimés concernant l'Histoire de France 4 (1836): 357. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. Ill. the Hist. of Scotland 1(1837): xxviii-xxix (William the lion, King of Scots styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Richard I of England). Archæologia 27 (1838): 109-112. Green Letters of Royal & Ill Ladies (1846): 30-34 (two letters of Bérengère, Queen of England). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Riley Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1853): 120 (Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham, styled "our dearly beloved cousin" by King Richard I). Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21(1855): 604 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): "... Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi"). Migne Innocentii III Romani pontificis opera omnia (Patrologia Ser. Latina 215) (1855): 1538-1539. Arbois de Jubainville Hist. des Ducs et des Comtes de Champagne 5 (1863): 195, 229-230, 238. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Charles 2 (1866): 181-182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled "aunt" [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] "Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de Ella Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus."). Lalore Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Boulancoutt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: "23 Dec. - solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d'Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne"). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 39 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Richard I), 151 (Chronicon Sancti Sergii Andegavensis: death of King Richard I). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147-159. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 447 ([Blanche of Navarre], Countess of Troyes, styled "sister" [sororem] of Queen Bérengère in letter by Pope Innocent III to King John dated 1204). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13-14 (seal of King Richard I - Obverse. King enthroned: closely fitting tunic, loose surcoat with embroidered edges at neck and arms, and cloak. Open crown of three points fleury. In right hand a sword held erect; in left hand an orb topped by a cross fleur-de-lisée. Throne of elaborate pannelled work, of four stages of arcading with intervening head-mouldings, the back splayed away, and footboard enriched with carvings of quatrefoils, and a corbel on seven arches. In the field, on either side of king's head, a crescent enclosing an estoile of seven points wavy. On either side of throne a sprig of the planta genista, or broom. Legend: + RICARDVS DEI GRACIA REX ANGLORVM. Reverse. King on horseback to right. Hauberk and surcoat of mail armour, conical helmet, large broad sword, bowed shield on which a lion rampant contoume. Horse-trappings: head-gear, ornamental saddle and breast-band. Legend: + RICARDVS DVX NORMANNORVM ET AQVITANORVM ET COMES ANDEGAVORVM.). Meyer L'Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338-340, esp. lines 9392-9432 (André de Chauvigny styled "king's kinsman"). Delisle Manuscrits Latins et Français ajoutés aux Fonds des Nouvelles Acquisitions Pendant les Années 1875-1894 2 (1894): 509-510 (Calendrier of Maubuisson Abbey) ("X kal. januarii [23 Dec.]. Obiit Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 556-557 (charter of King Richard I dated 1189-1190); 2 (1897): 179-180. Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 89-90 (William the lion, King of Scotland styled "dearest cousin" by King Richard I of England in 1189), 92-93 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and cousin and liegeman" by King Richard I of England in 1194). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(2) (Recueil des Historiens de la France - Obituaires) (1902): 645 (Abbaye de Port Royal: "x. cal. [23 Dec.]. Ce jour est fait l’anniversaire de Berangarie, royne [1229], et de Blanche, contesse, et non en convent."), 655 (Abbaye de Maubuisson: "[23 Dec.]. x kal. jan. Obiit. Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Lair (Société des Archives Hist. du Maine 6) (1905): 80-81. D.N.B. 16(1909): 1022-1031 (biog. of Richard I: "... He was a stern ruler.., where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault... In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree... He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher... a man of many accomplishments"). Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: "A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale"). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 18-20 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Richard I in 1197). Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174-1328 (1965): 12-14 (William the lion, King of Scotland, styled "kinsman" by King Richard in 1189), 18-19 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and kinsman" [amico et consanguineo] by King Richard in 1194). Paget lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185-198; 23 (1997): 351-365. Bull. Inst. Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157-173. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36-37. Mitchell Berengaria, Enigmatic Queen of England (1986). King & Ridyard Law in Mediæval Life & Thought (Sewanee Mediæal Studies 5) (1990): 21-42. Williamson Kings & Queens of Britain (1991): 55-56,65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 127 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus April [6 April]. Obiit Ricardus Rex Anglie, qui dedit Boscum de Blen cum pertinentiis suis Ecclesie Christi."), 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus Apr. 16 April]. Obiit Richardus rex Angliae."). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37-53; 43 (1999): 79-89. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58,189-200. French Hist. Studies 21 (1998): 517-542. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart's Queen (1999): 23 (Queen Bérengère's "long years of widowhood" reveal "a strong, courageous woman, independent, solitary, battling against difficult political and economic circumstances, with little interest in the trappings of a courtly existence, sustained by her faith in Christ and her royalty to the See of St Peter, not afraid to assert her rights against powerful enemies, both lay and clerical."), 183 (Queen Bérengère styled "kinswoman" by King Louis IX of France). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 97,105. Online resources: www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm. Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, ___: a. PHILIP FITZ ROY (otherwise PHILIP DE COGNAC), in right of his wife, of Cognac, Merpins, and Jarnac. He married AMELIE DE COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Adémar, Count of Angouleme, did homage to him in 1194, and also after his father's death. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father's death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Bull. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de l'Ouest et des Musées de Poitiers 12 (1845): 415. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464-465 ("In the same year [A.D. 11991, Philip, bastard son of Richard, king of England, to whom the said king, his father, had given the castle and the manor of Cuinac, slew the before-named viscount of Limoges, in revenge for his father."). Comptes d'Alphonse de Poitiers (Archives Hist. du Poitou 4) (1875): 21-22 ("... Tempore domini comids Pictavensis Henrici, qui fuit rex Anglie, quittavit pater comitis Audomaris Engolismensis, in aula Pictavensi, Bardon, dominum Coignyaci, de homagio quod petebat ab ipso de Coygnyaco, et eo presente et concedente, fecit homagium dominus Coygnyaci domini comiti Pictavensi, de Cognyaco et pertinentiis; et credo quod adhuc vivunt multi qui hoc viderunt. Filius dicti domini Cognyaci fecit similiter homagium Richardo Pictavensi, de Coygnyaco et pertinentiis; quo domino Cognyaci mortuo, dedit rex Richardus comes Pictavensis dominam Amellyam unicam heredem Coygnyaci, quam habebat in ballo, ratione comitatus Pictavensis, in uxorem cuidam filio suo notho, scilicet Philippo de Coygnyaco; qua defuncta sine liberis, tenuit dictus comes Richardus dictum castrum et eum tradidit Roberto de Torniant, senescallo suo Pictavensis."). Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes 1 (1883): 271. Boissonade Quomodo Comites Engolismenses ega Reges Anglia, et Francia se Gesserint 1152- 1328 (1893). Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330. Furness I. & Death of King John (1919): 6-9. Boissonade L'Ascension, le Déclin et la Chute d'un Grand Etat Féodal du Centre-Ouest: Les Taillefer et les Lusignans (Bull. et Méms. de la Soc. Arch. et Hist. de la Charente) (1935). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 ("Philipp° f[ilio] R. Richardi"). Martin-Civat Les Seigneuties de Cognac, Jarnac et Metpins dons l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XIIe et XIIIe Siècle (Congrès des Socs. Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956). Henderson Richard Coeur de Lion (1959): 242. Shakespeare Quarterly 11 (1960): 137-146. Powicke Loss of Normandy (1961): 32-33. Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274-275. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102. Le Château Royal of Cognac (Mems./Institut d'Hist. et d'Arch. de Cognac et du Cognaçais) 2 (1972): 5. Shakespeare Studies (1976): 59-70. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126-127, 179. Debord La Soc. Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente Xe-XlIe Siècle (1984): 486-488. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 769 (sub Limoges). Evergates Feudal Soc. in Medieval France (1993): 58-59. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58. Bernard et al. Hist. du Poitou et des Pays Charentais (2001): 151. Erickson Royal Panoply: Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (2006): 46. v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 (by dispensation, they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY [see BRITTANY 6], daughter and heiress of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland [see BRITTANY 5 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1162. They had three children (see below). In 1178 he was knighted at Woodstock by his father. In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Notre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH, Earl of Chester [see CHESTER 5.i], Judge in the King's Court, 1193, Constable of Sermilly Castle, 1201-4, Constable of the Tower of Avranches, 1203, Warden of the Peak Castle and Forest, 1215, Steward of the Town and Honour of Lancaster, 1216-23, Constable of Fotheringay Castle, 1221-2, Steward of the Honour of Leicester, 1222, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, son and heir of Hugh, Earl of Chester, hereditary Vicomte of Avranches, by Bertrade, daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux, seigneur of Montfort-l'Amaury [see CHESTER 5 for his ancestry]. They had no issue. In 1196 Ranulph captured Constance en route to her 6n5li7ing negotiations with King Richard I and confined her at Benvron for at least a year. Soon after her release, she sought the annulment of their marriage which was granted in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. She married (3rd) before October 1199 (as his 1st wife) GUY DE THOUARS [see BRITTANY 6], in right of his 1st wife, Count (or Duke) of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars, by his wife, Aumur (or Aumou) [see AQUITAINE 3.ii.a for his ancestry]. They had three daughters, Alix (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond), Marguerite, and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was buried at Villeneuve. In 1202 he joined King Philippe Augustus, and his English lands were confiscated. He served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) EUSTACHE DE MAULEON, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d'Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre de Chemillé, Knt. [seigneur of Chemille, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas de Chemillé, Knt. In October 1203 he was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. In 1206 King Philippe Auguste of France granted him le Broherec, la Cornouaille, and le Pouher. GUY DE THOUARS died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) RENAUD DE MAULEVRIER. She was living in 1244. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67-68. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1333 (abstract of charter of Guy de Thouars dated 1208 naming his mother, Aumuz, and his wife, [Constance] Countess of Brittany). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1(1725): 445-461 (sub Bretagne). Morice Méms. pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 37-38, 822 (dower of Katherine of Brittany, wife of André III de Vitré), 912-913, 917, 919-920 (instances of Pierre de Chemillé styled "uncle" [avunculus] by Jean, Duke of Brittany, in 1238, 1240, 1241), 930-931 (Thomas de Chemillé styled "brother" [fratri] by Pierre de Chemillé). Morice Histoire Ecclésiastique et Civil de Bretagne 1 (1750): xvii-xviii (Counts of Penthievre ped). Banks Dormant & Extinct Baronage of England 1 (1807): 218-220. Hanshall Hut. of the County Palatine of Chester (1823): 21-23. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 325 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated 1230), 574-575 (Jerveaux Abbey - Genealogy of the Counts of Richmond). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 247-249. Extracta e Vanis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 70 ("Henricus, regis Dauid filius, comes Huntyntoune et Northumbrie vxorem duxit Adam filiam Willelmi senioris, sororis Willelmi junioris comitis de Warenna, et sororem comitis Roberti Legecesterensis, et Walranni comitis de Melent, cuius mater fait soror Rodulphi comitis de Perona, regis Francorum Ludouici consanguinea, ex qua suscepit tres inclitos filios Genuit eciam idem princeps Henricus totidem Elias ex uxore sua predicta Ada, scilicet, Adam, que lege conjugii tradita est comiti Holandie Fiorentino: secundam, Margaretam Conano duci Britannie comiti de Richmonth nuptam, ex qua genuit filiam nomine Constanciam Gaufrido, comiti Ancligauie, fratri regis Anglie Richardi Primi, disponsatam, de qua Gaufridus genuit alum nomine Arthurum, postea in mare mersum, vnam eciam filiam, Aleciam nomine, que a Petro Mauclerk concepit et peperit filium, normna Johannem, postea ducem Britannie, et aliam filiani nomine Alienoram, que cum Arthuro fratre in mare periit."). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 365-369 (re. Thouars fam.). Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbaris 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 207. Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Geoffrey). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 35 (1874): 8-9 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5 (seal of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond dated 1185 - Le duc à cheval, vêtu du haubert, coiffé d'un heaume a timbre arrondi; lance au gonfanon. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS DVX BRI Revers: Le duc à cheval, couvert d'un immense bouclier, brandissant son épée. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS COMES RICHEMVNDIE), 5-6 (undated seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond - Dame debout, coiffée en tresses, revêtue d'un sur ___ ajusté du corsage, des hanches et des bras, at recouvert d'une chape, un faucon sur le poing, en fleuron dans la main droite. [Légende:]* CONSTANCIA DVCISS … [COM]ITISSA RICH[EMUN]DIE). Ormerod Hist. of the County Palatine & City of Chester 1 (1882): 33-41. Robertson Materials for the Hist. of Thomas Becket 6 (Rolls Ser. 67) (1882): 170-174. Bull & Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Département d'Ille-et-Vilaine 17 (1885): 370-371, 371-372 (charter dated 1182-85 of Geoffrey son of King Henry, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richmond; charter granted with consent of his wife, Constance), 373 (charter dated 1183-86 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to the church of Rouen), 374- 376 (charter dated 1187 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 376-377 (charter dated 1189 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 377-378 (charter dated 1193 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Melaine of Rennes Abbey), 379-380 (charter dated 1198 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond), 380-381 (charter dated 1199 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Notre Dame près Aurai Priory), 383-384 (charter dated 1199-1201 of Guy de Thouars, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond and his wife, Constance, Duchess of Brittany to Melerai Abbey), 384-387 (foundation charter dated 1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond for Villeneuve Abbey), 387 (charter dated 1187-1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Buzai Abbey), 388-390, 391-392 (charter dated 1205 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the monks of Villeneuve), 394-397 (charter dated 1207 by Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the canons of Nantes), 397-406, 406-407 (charter dated 1212 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany), 408, 409 (charter dated 1201-13 of Guy, Duke of Brittany to the nuns of Saint-Sulpice les Rennes). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 365-366 (sub Chester); 3 (1886): 107-109 (sub Richmond). Annales Cestrienses (Lanc. & Cheshire Rec. Soc. 14) (1887): 40-41 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1188: "Rannulphus comes cestrie Cui etiam dedit Henricus rex anglie in uxorem relictam v Kl. [recte Galfridi filii sui] Cui comitissam britannie filia Alani [recte Conant] Comitis britannie nominee Constancia et toto comittatu de Richemund quam ipse comes Cestrie Rannulphus desponsavit in die Sancte Werburge virginis, id est, tertia nonas Februarii [3 Feb.] apud ..."), 46 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1200: "Rannulphus comes Cestrie desponsavit uxorem filiam Radulphi de Feugis, nomine Clementiam, relicta comitissa Britannie, nomine Constancia."). La Borderie Recueil d’Actes Inédits des Ducs et Princes de Bretagne (XIe, XIIe, XIIIe Siecles) (1888). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 378 (seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond dated 1190-1198 - Pointed oval. To the right. Standing, with tightly-fitting dress, long fur-lined cloak fastened at the throat, in the right hand a lily-flower, on the left hand a hawk with long jesses.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Gaufridus comes."). Rosenzweig Cartulaire général de Morbihan 1 (1895): 190-191 (charter of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, dated between 1182-1183). Inventaire Sommaire des Archives Départementales antérieures a 1790, Loire-Inférieure 2(2) Ser. C & D (1898): 147. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 220 (Livre d'Anniversaires des XIVe-XVe Siedes: "18 August - [Obiit] Gaufridi, comitis Britanie [1186]."). Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 531-532. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 355. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 58-70. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103-106, 371-372 (biog. of Geoffrey Fitz Roy, Count of Brittany). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 441-458. Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 195 (chart). Le Moyen Age 35 (1924-5): 63-70. Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Peds. (1925): 11 (ped. of Earls of Chester). Brunel et al. Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 2 (1943): 542. C.P. 10 (1945): 780 (chart), 794-805 (sub Richmond). Annales de Bretagne 53 (1946), 1-27. Painter Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). BIHR 50 (1977): 112-115. Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 2 (1981): 13 (seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated c.1200 - A shield of arms: a lion passant. Legend: + SIGILLVM [R]A[NVF]I COMMS CESTRIE). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as "a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler"). Hist. Research 63 (1990): 1-16. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 45-47. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany & her Fam. (1999). Everard Brittany & the Angevins (2000). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 347-360. Jones Between France & England (2003): 38-40. Wheeler & Parsons Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 101. Richard Eales, `Ranulf (HI), sixth earl of Chester and first earl of Lincoln (1170-1232)', in Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (2004). Bull & Léglu World of Eleanor of Aquitaine (2005). Guéraud Contribution a "Etude du Processus coutumier au Moyen Age (2008): 250 (charter of Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, dated after 1173 names his mother, Aumou, his wife Sibyl; his brothers, Guy, Hugues, Geoffroi, and Raymond; and his sisters, Marie and Amabil), 251 (chart), 305. Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany: a. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182-4.She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold's death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 October 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wiltshire. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 ("commonly called The Damsel of Britain"). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Green Letters of Royal & Ill. Ladies (1846): 24-27 ("The ac	Heinrich XII "der Löwe" (I7155)
6023	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1133. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, at Whitsuntide 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ALIENOR) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine [see FRANCE 6] (divorced 21 March 1152), and daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Aénor, daughter of Amaury (or Aimery) I, Vicomte of Châtellerault [see AQUITAINE 4 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud [Abbess of Barking]. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen's heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the "Angevin empire" (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. In 1158 he confirmed a treaty with King Louis VII of France involving the marriage of Henry's son to the French king's daughter. In the summer of 1159 he launched an unsuccessful expedition against Toulouse, which he claimed as Duke of Aquitaine. His reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connacht, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king's bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Poitiers (Vienne), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried in the church of the Abbey of Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire). Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1st marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France [see FRANCE 6], namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes) [see BLOIS 4] and Alix of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France [see WYDEVILLE 4]. References: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20 (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules at de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France, etc.); 13 (1869): 308 i (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703,708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines); 19 (1880): 336-337. Schwennicke Europæische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquataine: Lord & Lady (2003). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59-72. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1128 (Agnes de Barbezillo styled "aunt" famital of Queen Eleanor [of Aquitaine), wife of King Louis WI of France). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 17 (Kalendar of Obits: "II Non. Julius [6 July]. Obitus Henrici Regis Anglie, filie Matildis."). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1725): 76-77. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7-10, 10-12 (will of King Henry II). L'Art de Vérifier les Dates 2 (1784): 348-365 (sub Comtes de Poitiers, Ducs de Aquitaine). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1786): 190 (Ex Radulfi de Diceto: Ralph de Fay styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1 (1) (1816): 81-82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William [Fitz Roy], 4th Earl of Surrey (or Warenne), styled "kinsman" [cognati] by King Henry II). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1-4 (will of King Henry II of England). Gray Scalacronica (1836): 278 (Ermengarde de Beaumont, wife of William the Lion, King of Scots styled "cousin" [cosyn] of King Henry II of England). Historiæ Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (Surtees Soc. 9) (1839): Appendix, pg. 1, charter no. xixii (Hugh [du Puiset], Bishop of Durham, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 304-378 (biog. of Eleanora of Aquitaine). Pertz Chronica et Annales ævi Salui (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 6) (1844): (Roberti de Monte Cronica [Robert de Torigni]): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled "aunt" [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled "kinsman" [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled "kinsman" on the part of King Henry II's mother, Empress Maud), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "kinsman" [cognate]; Earl Hugh's wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Evreux "kinswoman" [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II's father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinsman" [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [cognate]); 27(1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinswoman" by King Henry II). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851) 18-19. Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 245 (Annals of Waverley sub AD. 1188 - Baldwin [de Revers], Earl of Cornwall, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry II). Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 372 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars styled "your cousin and our's" [votre cousin et au notre] by queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in letter to her son, King John dated 1200-1201; also see Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chattes 32 (1871): 412-413). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 33 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Henry II), 46 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of King Henry II). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled "kinsman" of King Henry II; see Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 83, footnote 1). Grasilier Cartulaires Inédits de la Saintonge 2: Cartulaire de l'Abbaye Royale de Notre-Dame de Saintes (1871): 13-16, 19-21, 35-36, 36 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France dated 1151 names her "sister” [sororis], Aelith), 37, 51 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France, dated 1140 names her "aunt" [amite], Agnes [de Barbezieux], Abbess of Saintes; charter witnessed by Aelith, "sister" [sorore] of Queen Eleanor), 52, 78. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 192 (birth of King Henry II); 2 (1873): 7 (sub A.D. 1168: Mathieu, Count of Boulogne, styled "kinsman" [cognatum] of King Henry II of England). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Set.) (1874): 285 (Ralph de Pale styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Montzey Hist. de is Fliche 1 (1877): 137-146. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 426, 439 (Chron. of Geoffrey Vosiensis: Sarah daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall and wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] of King Henry II of England). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 15 (1878): 767-768 (P[etrus Raimundi], Abbot of Saint Maxent, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in letters dated 1161). Eyton Court, Household & Intinerary of King Henry II (1878): 8 (Henry [de Sully], Abbot of Fécamp, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Stubbs Hist. Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1879): 93 (birth of King Henry II), 140-141 (David I, King of Scots, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] of King Henry II of England). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). Bain Cal. Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15-17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of Queen Eleanor). Hart Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia 1 (1884): 106 (Silvio de Cresto styled "queen's kinsman" [nepoti Regina]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 10-13 (seal of King Henry II - Obverse. King enthroned, holding sword and orb; generally ressembling the obverse of seals of Henry I. and Stephen, but with differences in arches on front of throne, and in the various proportions. Legend: + HENRICVS DEI • G[RATIA] • REX ANGLORUM. Four small points in cross placed as a stop between the words. Reverse. King on a horse to the right; hauberk, continuous coif, and chausses of chain-mail, here represented by rings. Conical helmet with nasal. Shield secured by strap passing round king's neck, and fastened by a ring into inner surface of leather. In right hand a long sword; in left hand the short strap of shield and reins. Horse's head-gear composed of chain-work. Legend: + HENR : DEI : GRA : DVX : NORM: [ ] ET : AQVIT : ET: COM : ANDEG.). Christie Annales Cestrienses (1887): 29-35 (Bertrade of Evreux, wife of Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "cousin" of King Henry II in chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164-1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled "kinswoman" [cognate] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). Gross Gild Merchant 2 (1890): 28-29 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem 1(1894): 108, 125-128, 180-181, 312, 470-471, 480-482, 519, 527, 567-568; 2 (1897): 18-19. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "7 Jul. [Obiit] Henricus secundus, rex Anglorum."). Archives Hist. de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6-7 (charter of Eleanor). Beauchet-Filleau Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des Families du Poitou 2 (1895): 320 ("L'obituaire de Fontevrault place son décès le jour des ides de janvier. Dnus Radulfus princeps de Faia, avunculus Dnæ Alienordis Reginae. (bat. 54802 89.)) (author identifies Ralph de Fay as son of Aimery I, Vicomte of Châtellerault). Wigram Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford 2 (1896): 116 (Empress Maud styled "sister" [soror] and her son, Henry [afterwards King Henry II of England] styled "nephew" [nepos] by Robert Fitz Roy, Earl of Gloucester in charter dated c.1142). Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Andre de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England, and her son, King John, in letter dated 1199). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 69 (grant by King Henry II dated 1186-9). Broussillon Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers 2 (1903): 84 (Raoul [de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "dearest kinsman" [charissimus cognatus] in letter by King Henry II of England). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78-93; 42 (1927): 569-572; 74 (1959): 193-213; 110 (1995): 652-655. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 104-105 (Mary, Abbess of Romsey, styled "kinswoman" [cognata/cognatam] by King Henry II). Jeayes Desc. Cat. Derbyshire Charters (1906): 244 (Maud [of Gloucester], Countess of Chester, styled "kinswoman" [cognata] by King Henry II in charter dated ?1175). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593-596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452-463 (biog. of Henry II: "... his nature was full of passion... [he] was a great builder... Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign... probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day... genius for government"). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie (1909): 352-354 (biog. of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England: "Un des recueils de Gaignières (ms. latin 5419, p. 80) nous a conservé l'image de sceau dont elle continua a se servir pendant son veuvage. C'est un long sceau allongé et pointu sot lequel elle est représentée debout, tenant on oiseau sur la main gauche; il ne subsistait que la dernière partie de la légende: NORMANORVM DUCISSA ET ANDEGAVIE COMITISSA. Il y a aux Auxives nationales, attaché a one charte de l'année 1199, on exemplaire mutile de ce même sceau."). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184-1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 ([Maud de Bohun], wife of Juhel de Mayenne, styled "neptis Regis" [kinswoman of King Henry II]). Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled "king's kinsman" in 1188), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see also Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; Round Cal Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II; see also Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1846): 142; Méms. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de Picardie 47 (1936): 182-184 (Eustache's mother named in charter as Isabel); Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XIe-XIIIe Siècle) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l'Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191-192 (Eustache named in charter as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavene, Count of Saint-Pol)]. Delisle & Berger Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre, Duc de Normandie 3 (1927): 136 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), ([Raoul de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Chartrou-Charbonnel L'Anjou de 1109 à 1151: Foulque de Jérusalem et Geoffroi Plantegenêt (1928). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 253 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Speculum 30 (1955): 374-384. Boussard Le Gouvernement d'Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32-33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153-156. Genealogists' Mag. 14 (1964): 361-368. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154 3 (1968). Charles Evans "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany," in Mélanges Offerts à Szaboles de Vajay à l'Occasion de Son Cinquitième Anniversaire (1971): 187-191 (Margery [de Bohun], wife of Pedro Manrique, Count of Lara, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II). Warren Henry II (1973): 216 (Roger [of Gloucester], Bishop of Worcester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II, cites William FitzStephen, III, 103-106). Kibler Eleanor of Aquitaine, Patron & Politcian (1976). Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14-15. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420-1920) (1977): 188-189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3(4) (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 2 (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II] later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Hanna Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89-90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321-336. Tyerman England & the Crusades 1095-1588 (1988): 48 ([Baldwin IV], King of Jerusalem, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II). Williamson Kings & Oueens of Britain (1991): 52-55 (biog. of Henry II:"... a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined.., well-grounded in law and history... undoubtedly a great king"), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Amt Accession of Henry II in England (1993). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "3 Kal. [Apr.] [30 March]. [Obiit] Alienor regina Anglie."). Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Church Medieval Knighthood V. Papers from the 66 Strawberry Hill Conf. 1994 (1995): 68. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Viator 27 (1996): 53 et seq. Vincent et al. Acta of Henry II & Richard 12 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67-69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled "king's kinsman'). Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England (1999). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Anglo-Norman Studies 23 (2001): 143-154. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Hanna Christchurch Priory Cartulary (Hampshire Rec. Ser. 18) (2007): 124 (Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II in charter dated 1154-71). Harper-Bill Henry II: New Interpretations (2007). Hosier Henry II (2007): 54. Cornwall Rec. Office: Arundell of Lanherne & Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert [Fitz Count], son of [Robert Fitz Roy], Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Online resource: The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm). Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153. He died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about 25 Dec. 1156, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65-66. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 434-435 (undated charter of King Henry II dated at Reading to Hurley Priory, Berkshire made for the health of the souls of his late son, William, and his grandfather, King Henry I). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Matthew of Paris Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum 1 (Rolls Set. 44) (1866): 307 (sub A.D. 1157: "In Adventu autem infirmatus Willelmus, primogenitus regis Henrici, obiit, diebus hujus anni scilicet Nataliciis; under dissentio est, utrum hoc vel anno praeterito obierit. Sepultus est autem apud Radingum."). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of William). Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34 (sub A.D. 1156: "Obiit Guillermus, primogenitus filius Henrici regis Anglorum, et sepultus est Radingis ad pedes Henrici regis, proavi sui."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hirst. (1872). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled "the Young King"), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or is Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. They had one son, William. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173-74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) BELA III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama [see HUNGARY 8], son of Geza II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama, by his wife, Euphrosine, daughter of Mstislav II the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. He was born about 1148. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following the death of her husband, Bela III, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66-67. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam of England (1851): 18-19. Douet-D'Arcq Historiques et Critiques sur les Anciens Comtes de Beaumont-sur-Oise (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie: Docs. Inédits 4) (1855): 50-51 (Henry the Young King of England styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Eleanor de Vermandois, Countess of Beaumont in charter dated 1184). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of Henry), 41-45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Henry). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: "Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo matito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit."). Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): iv (rare charter of Young Henry dated c.1170, in which he uses the style "rex Angliæ et Dux Normanniæ et Comes Andegaviæ, Regis Henrici filius"). Deville Tornbeaux de la Cathédral de Rotten (1881): 161-162,164-165,210-211. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13 (seal of Henry son of King Henry II dated 1170-1182 - King, enthroned, with sceptre and orb; sides of throne terminate in animals' heads, as on the thrones on the French royal seals. Legend: HENRICVS REX ANGLOR DVX NORMANNOR ET COMES ANDEGAVOR.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "11 Jun. [Obiit] Henricus tertius, rex Anglorum."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591-594, 602. Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382-384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240-241. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224-226. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he "used style rex Anglorum... hence called by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III"). Smith English Episc. Acta 2 Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110-111. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 96-97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297-326 ("the sole associate king in English post-conquest history"). Child of Henry of England, by Margaret of France: a. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born about 19 June 1177, died 22 June 1177. Benedict of Peterborough Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 177 ("Eodem anno [1177] circa clausum Pentecosten, Margareta, guæ, at supradictum est, prægnans abiit ad regem Franciæ patrem suum, peperit filium, et vocatum eat nomen ejus Willelmus, sed infra triduum obiit Parisius ubi natus fuit; et quidam dicebant quod abortivus fuit."). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH XII der Löwe (or HENRY the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich X, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, Holy Roman Emperor], and Wilhelm [Count of Luneburg], and two daughters, Maud and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180, and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Braunschweig (or Brunswick). In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. His wife, Maud, died at Braunschweig 28 June 1189. HEINRICH OF BRAUNSCHWEIG, former Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, died 6 August 1195. He and his wife, Maud, were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69-70. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Green Lives of the Princesses of England 1 (1857): 214-262 (biog. of Matilda of England). Pertz Historici Germania sac. XII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 21) (1869): 115-116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sæc. XII. et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled "kinsman" [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Ströhl Deutsch Wappenrolle (1897): 72. Hohnstein Geschichte des Heroztums Braunschweig (1908): 91-140 (biog. of Heinrich der Löwe). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Waltz Ottonis et Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris (Monumenta Germaniæ Histories, Scriptures rerum Germanicarum 46) (1912): 350 (Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris Appendix sub A.D. 1168: "... nam inter imperatorem et regem Angliæ fedus et amicicia fuit, data filia sua in uxorem Heinrico duci Bawariæ et Saxoniæ."). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 284 (ancestry of Maud of England). Jordan Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Löwen Herzogs von Sachsen and Bayern (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Laienfürsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit) (1941): 51-53 (Gebhard I, Count of Burghausen styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich), 107-108 (Otto VI, Count Palatine of Wittelsbach, afterwards Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepos] by Duke Heinrich), 181-182 (Friedrich II, Count Palatine of Saxony, Count of Sommerschenburg styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich). Foreville L'Eglise et le Royaute en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154-1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Appelt Die Urkunden Friedrichs I. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser 10(1)) (1975): 18-19, 231-233, 347-349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [cognate/cognate] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259-260, 332-335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepotem/nepos] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364-365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [consanguine] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Gens Nostra 46 (1991): 540-541. Kegel Die Jüngere Hildesheimer Briefsammlung (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Die Briefe Der Deutschen Kaiserzeit 7) (1995): 101-102 (letter of Heinrich of Braunschweig to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188), 102-103 (Heinrich of Braunschweig styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] in letter from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Jour. Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379-393. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bayern/heinrich_12_derloewe_herzog_von_bayern_1195_welfen/heinrich_12_der loewe_herzog_von_bayern_und_sachsen_+_1195.html. Children of Maud of England, by Duke Heinrich XII der Löwe: a. OTTO OF BRUNSWICK, 3rd son. He was educated at the court of his uncle, King Richard I of England, under whose experience he gained valuable experience in war. He was appointed Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, and Earl of Yorkshire. When Emperor Henry VI died in Sept. 1197, some of the German princes under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, were anxious to find a rival to Philip, Duke of Swabia, who had been elected German king. Otto married (1st) 22 July 1212 BEATRIX OF HOHENSTAUFEN, daughter of Philip, Duke of Swabia. They had no issue. His wife, Beatrix, died 11 August 1212. He married (2nd) at Aachen 19 May 1214 MARIA OF BRABANT, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Lorraine and Brabant, Margrave of Antwerp, by his 1st wife, Machtild (or Mahaud), daughter and co-heiress of Mathieu of Flanders, Count of Boulogne [see BRABANT 5 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. OTTO IV, late Emperor, died at the Harzburg 19 May 1218, and was buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. His widow, Maria, married (2nd) in July 1220 WILHELM (or WILLEM) I, Count of Holland [see HOLLAND 5]. She died between 9 March and 14 June 1260. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 477-478 (Richard I, King of England, styled "uncle" [avunculus] in charter of Otto, Duke of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 28-29, 87-88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" [nepos] by King John of England). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 37-48 (Otto of Saxony [former Emperor Otto IV] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 57-60 (Otto [IV], late Emperor, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1228). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 290 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1218: "Otho imperator Alemanniæ, nepos Ricardi et Johannis regum obiit."). Piot Cartulaire de l'Abbeye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 199-200 (charter of Henri [II], Duke of Lorraine and Brabant dated 1240, names his "dear sister" [charissima soror], Maria, former Empress of the Romans). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 298-299 ("Eodem anno [1195] Willelmus rex Scottorum ægrotavit, in villa sua quæ dicitur Clacmanan et statuit Othonem filium Henrici ducis Saxoniæ, nepotem Ricardi regis sibi successurum in regnum Scottorum, ita quod ipse Otho filiam suam primogenitam in uxorem cum regno duceret. Et quamvis rex plures haberet qui voluntati suæ in hoc consentirent, tamen comes Patricius et alii multi contradixerunt ..."). Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sac. XII et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 385 (F Gervasii Tilleberiensis Otiis Imperialibus: William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, styled "uncle" [avunculum] of Emperor Otto IV). Doyle Official Baronage of England 3 (1886): 740 (sub York). Thatcher & McNeal Source Book for Mediæval Hist. (1905): 228 (Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" by King John of England in 1202). Hohnstein Geschichte des Herzogtams Braunschweig (1908): 141-149 (biog. of Kaiser Otto IV). Encyclopædia Britannica 20 (1911): 375 (biog. of Otto IV, Roman emperor). Nicholson Love, War & the Grail (2001). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/otto_4_deutscher_koenig_1218_welfen/otto_4_von_ braunschweig_deutscher_koeni8-+_1218.html. b. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF BRUNSWICK, born in 1172. She married (1st) in July 1189 GEOFFREY III, Count of Perche, lord of Toddington, Bedfordshire and Aldbourne and Wanborough, Wiltshire, son of Rotrou III, Count of Perche, by Mathilde, daughter of Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. They had two sons, Geoffrey and Thomas [Count of the Perche]. GEOFFREY III, Count of the Perche, died 5 April 1202. His widow, Maud, married (2nd) before 1203 (as his 1st wife) ENGUERRAND DE COUCY, seigneur of Coucy, and, in right of his wife, Count of the Perche, son and heir of Raoul de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy, by Alix, daughter of Robert I, Count of Dreux. She died in 13 Jan. 1209/10. Placitorum in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservatorum Abbrevatio (1811): 55. Rotuli litterarum patentium in turri Londinensi asservati 1201- 1216 (1834): 18 (Maud, Countess of the Perche, styled "niece" [nepti] by King John of England in 1202). Lepinois & Merlet Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres 2 (1863): 21 (charter of Maud, Countess of Perche, dated June 1202, names her late husband, Geoffrey, and her son, Thomas), 22. Herald & Genealogist 6 (1871): 241- 253 ([Maud], Countess of Perche styled "niece" [neptis] by King John, cites Rot. Normann. p. 87.). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 436-438 (J. de Pertico [Enguerrand de Coucy, Count of the Perche] styled "your kinsman" [consobrinum tuum] in letter from Pope Innocent III to King Philippe Auguste of France in 1203). Money Hist. of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11(1903): 304-305. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 374 (biog. of Geoffrey de Perche). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France: County of the Perche 1000-1226 (2002). Kathleen Thompson "Matilda, countess of the Perche (1171-1210): The expression of authority in name, style and seal" available at www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/crahm/revue/tabularia/thompson.html. iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Cæur-de-Lion or the Iionheart), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice (or Alix) of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother's inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173-4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175-77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry's death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father's orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions, including Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard's marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry's death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BERENGERE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho Vi el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard's journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, whom he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. His second Coronation was solemnised in Winchester Cathedral 17 April 1194. In October 1196 he made peace with Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, renouncing all claims to the county of Toulouse and the subject county of Rouergue; he also returned Quercy and gave the Agenais as part of the dowry for his sister Joan's marriage to Raymond. In 1199, during a minor siege at Chalus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. Following Richard's death, the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire formed part of his widow, Berengere's dower, but she did not enjoy her full tights as indicated by a papal letter to King John in 1209. In 1204 Bérengère ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thoré in Maine. She was co-heiress in 1226 to her cousin, Guillaume, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, Count of Perche. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l'Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l'Epau Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73-80. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1045-1046 (charters of Queen Bérengère of England). Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 12. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 266 (Obit. of Tintem Abbey: "Ricardus Rex Angliæ primus obiit xxvii. die Mardi"; "Berengerus et comitissa soror ejus obiit xxiij. die Decembris."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 313-314. Brequigny Table Chronologique des Diplomes, Charles, Titres et Actes Imprimés concernant l'Histoire de France 4 (1836): 357. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. Ill. the Hist. of Scotland 1(1837): xxviii-xxix (William the lion, King of Scots styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Richard I of England). Archæologia 27 (1838): 109-112. Green Letters of Royal & Ill Ladies (1846): 30-34 (two letters of Bérengère, Queen of England). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Riley Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1853): 120 (Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham, styled "our dearly beloved cousin" by King Richard I). Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21(1855): 604 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): "... Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi"). Migne Innocentii III Romani pontificis opera omnia (Patrologia Ser. Latina 215) (1855): 1538-1539. Arbois de Jubainville Hist. des Ducs et des Comtes de Champagne 5 (1863): 195, 229-230, 238. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Charles 2 (1866): 181-182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled "aunt" [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] "Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de Ella Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus."). Lalore Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Boulancoutt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: "23 Dec. - solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d'Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne"). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 39 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Richard I), 151 (Chronicon Sancti Sergii Andegavensis: death of King Richard I). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147-159. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 447 ([Blanche of Navarre], Countess of Troyes, styled "sister" [sororem] of Queen Bérengère in letter by Pope Innocent III to King John dated 1204). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13-14 (seal of King Richard I - Obverse. King enthroned: closely fitting tunic, loose surcoat with embroidered edges at neck and arms, and cloak. Open crown of three points fleury. In right hand a sword held erect; in left hand an orb topped by a cross fleur-de-lisée. Throne of elaborate pannelled work, of four stages of arcading with intervening head-mouldings, the back splayed away, and footboard enriched with carvings of quatrefoils, and a corbel on seven arches. In the field, on either side of king's head, a crescent enclosing an estoile of seven points wavy. On either side of throne a sprig of the planta genista, or broom. Legend: + RICARDVS DEI GRACIA REX ANGLORVM. Reverse. King on horseback to right. Hauberk and surcoat of mail armour, conical helmet, large broad sword, bowed shield on which a lion rampant contoume. Horse-trappings: head-gear, ornamental saddle and breast-band. Legend: + RICARDVS DVX NORMANNORVM ET AQVITANORVM ET COMES ANDEGAVORVM.). Meyer L'Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338-340, esp. lines 9392-9432 (André de Chauvigny styled "king's kinsman"). Delisle Manuscrits Latins et Français ajoutés aux Fonds des Nouvelles Acquisitions Pendant les Années 1875-1894 2 (1894): 509-510 (Calendrier of Maubuisson Abbey) ("X kal. januarii [23 Dec.]. Obiit Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 556-557 (charter of King Richard I dated 1189-1190); 2 (1897): 179-180. Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 89-90 (William the lion, King of Scotland styled "dearest cousin" by King Richard I of England in 1189), 92-93 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and cousin and liegeman" by King Richard I of England in 1194). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(2) (Recueil des Historiens de la France - Obituaires) (1902): 645 (Abbaye de Port Royal: "x. cal. [23 Dec.]. Ce jour est fait l’anniversaire de Berangarie, royne [1229], et de Blanche, contesse, et non en convent."), 655 (Abbaye de Maubuisson: "[23 Dec.]. x kal. jan. Obiit. Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Lair (Société des Archives Hist. du Maine 6) (1905): 80-81. D.N.B. 16(1909): 1022-1031 (biog. of Richard I: "... He was a stern ruler.., where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault... In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree... He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher... a man of many accomplishments"). Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: "A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale"). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 18-20 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Richard I in 1197). Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174-1328 (1965): 12-14 (William the lion, King of Scotland, styled "kinsman" by King Richard in 1189), 18-19 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and kinsman" [amico et consanguineo] by King Richard in 1194). Paget lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185-198; 23 (1997): 351-365. Bull. Inst. Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157-173. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36-37. Mitchell Berengaria, Enigmatic Queen of England (1986). King & Ridyard Law in Mediæval Life & Thought (Sewanee Mediæal Studies 5) (1990): 21-42. Williamson Kings & Queens of Britain (1991): 55-56,65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 127 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus April [6 April]. Obiit Ricardus Rex Anglie, qui dedit Boscum de Blen cum pertinentiis suis Ecclesie Christi."), 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus Apr. 16 April]. Obiit Richardus rex Angliae."). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37-53; 43 (1999): 79-89. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58,189-200. French Hist. Studies 21 (1998): 517-542. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart's Queen (1999): 23 (Queen Bérengère's "long years of widowhood" reveal "a strong, courageous woman, independent, solitary, battling against difficult political and economic circumstances, with little interest in the trappings of a courtly existence, sustained by her faith in Christ and her royalty to the See of St Peter, not afraid to assert her rights against powerful enemies, both lay and clerical."), 183 (Queen Bérengère styled "kinswoman" by King Louis IX of France). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 97,105. Online resources: www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm. Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, ___: a. PHILIP FITZ ROY (otherwise PHILIP DE COGNAC), in right of his wife, of Cognac, Merpins, and Jarnac. He married AMELIE DE COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Adémar, Count of Angouleme, did homage to him in 1194, and also after his father's death. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father's death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Bull. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de l'Ouest et des Musées de Poitiers 12 (1845): 415. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464-465 ("In the same year [A.D. 11991, Philip, bastard son of Richard, king of England, to whom the said king, his father, had given the castle and the manor of Cuinac, slew the before-named viscount of Limoges, in revenge for his father."). Comptes d'Alphonse de Poitiers (Archives Hist. du Poitou 4) (1875): 21-22 ("... Tempore domini comids Pictavensis Henrici, qui fuit rex Anglie, quittavit pater comitis Audomaris Engolismensis, in aula Pictavensi, Bardon, dominum Coignyaci, de homagio quod petebat ab ipso de Coygnyaco, et eo presente et concedente, fecit homagium dominus Coygnyaci domini comiti Pictavensi, de Cognyaco et pertinentiis; et credo quod adhuc vivunt multi qui hoc viderunt. Filius dicti domini Cognyaci fecit similiter homagium Richardo Pictavensi, de Coygnyaco et pertinentiis; quo domino Cognyaci mortuo, dedit rex Richardus comes Pictavensis dominam Amellyam unicam heredem Coygnyaci, quam habebat in ballo, ratione comitatus Pictavensis, in uxorem cuidam filio suo notho, scilicet Philippo de Coygnyaco; qua defuncta sine liberis, tenuit dictus comes Richardus dictum castrum et eum tradidit Roberto de Torniant, senescallo suo Pictavensis."). Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes 1 (1883): 271. Boissonade Quomodo Comites Engolismenses ega Reges Anglia, et Francia se Gesserint 1152- 1328 (1893). Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330. Furness I. & Death of King John (1919): 6-9. Boissonade L'Ascension, le Déclin et la Chute d'un Grand Etat Féodal du Centre-Ouest: Les Taillefer et les Lusignans (Bull. et Méms. de la Soc. Arch. et Hist. de la Charente) (1935). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 ("Philipp° f[ilio] R. Richardi"). Martin-Civat Les Seigneuties de Cognac, Jarnac et Metpins dons l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XIIe et XIIIe Siècle (Congrès des Socs. Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956). Henderson Richard Coeur de Lion (1959): 242. Shakespeare Quarterly 11 (1960): 137-146. Powicke Loss of Normandy (1961): 32-33. Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274-275. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102. Le Château Royal of Cognac (Mems./Institut d'Hist. et d'Arch. de Cognac et du Cognaçais) 2 (1972): 5. Shakespeare Studies (1976): 59-70. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126-127, 179. Debord La Soc. Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente Xe-XlIe Siècle (1984): 486-488. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 769 (sub Limoges). Evergates Feudal Soc. in Medieval France (1993): 58-59. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58. Bernard et al. Hist. du Poitou et des Pays Charentais (2001): 151. Erickson Royal Panoply: Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (2006): 46. v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 (by dispensation, they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY [see BRITTANY 6], daughter and heiress of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland [see BRITTANY 5 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1162. They had three children (see below). In 1178 he was knighted at Woodstock by his father. In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Notre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH, Earl of Chester [see CHESTER 5.i], Judge in the King's Court, 1193, Constable of Sermilly Castle, 1201-4, Constable of the Tower of Avranches, 1203, Warden of the Peak Castle and Forest, 1215, Steward of the Town and Honour of Lancaster, 1216-23, Constable of Fotheringay Castle, 1221-2, Steward of the Honour of Leicester, 1222, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, son and heir of Hugh, Earl of Chester, hereditary Vicomte of Avranches, by Bertrade, daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux, seigneur of Montfort-l'Amaury [see CHESTER 5 for his ancestry]. They had no issue. In 1196 Ranulph captured Constance en route to her 6n5li7ing negotiations with King Richard I and confined her at Benvron for at least a year. Soon after her release, she sought the annulment of their marriage which was granted in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. She married (3rd) before October 1199 (as his 1st wife) GUY DE THOUARS [see BRITTANY 6], in right of his 1st wife, Count (or Duke) of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars, by his wife, Aumur (or Aumou) [see AQUITAINE 3.ii.a for his ancestry]. They had three daughters, Alix (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond), Marguerite, and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was buried at Villeneuve. In 1202 he joined King Philippe Augustus, and his English lands were confiscated. He served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) EUSTACHE DE MAULEON, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d'Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre de Chemillé, Knt. [seigneur of Chemille, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas de Chemillé, Knt. In October 1203 he was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. In 1206 King Philippe Auguste of France granted him le Broherec, la Cornouaille, and le Pouher. GUY DE THOUARS died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) RENAUD DE MAULEVRIER. She was living in 1244. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67-68. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1333 (abstract of charter of Guy de Thouars dated 1208 naming his mother, Aumuz, and his wife, [Constance] Countess of Brittany). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1(1725): 445-461 (sub Bretagne). Morice Méms. pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 37-38, 822 (dower of Katherine of Brittany, wife of André III de Vitré), 912-913, 917, 919-920 (instances of Pierre de Chemillé styled "uncle" [avunculus] by Jean, Duke of Brittany, in 1238, 1240, 1241), 930-931 (Thomas de Chemillé styled "brother" [fratri] by Pierre de Chemillé). Morice Histoire Ecclésiastique et Civil de Bretagne 1 (1750): xvii-xviii (Counts of Penthievre ped). Banks Dormant & Extinct Baronage of England 1 (1807): 218-220. Hanshall Hut. of the County Palatine of Chester (1823): 21-23. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 325 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated 1230), 574-575 (Jerveaux Abbey - Genealogy of the Counts of Richmond). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 247-249. Extracta e Vanis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 70 ("Henricus, regis Dauid filius, comes Huntyntoune et Northumbrie vxorem duxit Adam filiam Willelmi senioris, sororis Willelmi junioris comitis de Warenna, et sororem comitis Roberti Legecesterensis, et Walranni comitis de Melent, cuius mater fait soror Rodulphi comitis de Perona, regis Francorum Ludouici consanguinea, ex qua suscepit tres inclitos filios Genuit eciam idem princeps Henricus totidem Elias ex uxore sua predicta Ada, scilicet, Adam, que lege conjugii tradita est comiti Holandie Fiorentino: secundam, Margaretam Conano duci Britannie comiti de Richmonth nuptam, ex qua genuit filiam nomine Constanciam Gaufrido, comiti Ancligauie, fratri regis Anglie Richardi Primi, disponsatam, de qua Gaufridus genuit alum nomine Arthurum, postea in mare mersum, vnam eciam filiam, Aleciam nomine, que a Petro Mauclerk concepit et peperit filium, normna Johannem, postea ducem Britannie, et aliam filiani nomine Alienoram, que cum Arthuro fratre in mare periit."). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 365-369 (re. Thouars fam.). Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbaris 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 207. Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Geoffrey). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 35 (1874): 8-9 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5 (seal of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond dated 1185 - Le duc à cheval, vêtu du haubert, coiffé d'un heaume a timbre arrondi; lance au gonfanon. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS DVX BRI Revers: Le duc à cheval, couvert d'un immense bouclier, brandissant son épée. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS COMES RICHEMVNDIE), 5-6 (undated seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond - Dame debout, coiffée en tresses, revêtue d'un sur ___ ajusté du corsage, des hanches et des bras, at recouvert d'une chape, un faucon sur le poing, en fleuron dans la main droite. [Légende:]* CONSTANCIA DVCISS … [COM]ITISSA RICH[EMUN]DIE). Ormerod Hist. of the County Palatine & City of Chester 1 (1882): 33-41. Robertson Materials for the Hist. of Thomas Becket 6 (Rolls Ser. 67) (1882): 170-174. Bull & Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Département d'Ille-et-Vilaine 17 (1885): 370-371, 371-372 (charter dated 1182-85 of Geoffrey son of King Henry, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richmond; charter granted with consent of his wife, Constance), 373 (charter dated 1183-86 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to the church of Rouen), 374- 376 (charter dated 1187 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 376-377 (charter dated 1189 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 377-378 (charter dated 1193 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Melaine of Rennes Abbey), 379-380 (charter dated 1198 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond), 380-381 (charter dated 1199 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Notre Dame près Aurai Priory), 383-384 (charter dated 1199-1201 of Guy de Thouars, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond and his wife, Constance, Duchess of Brittany to Melerai Abbey), 384-387 (foundation charter dated 1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond for Villeneuve Abbey), 387 (charter dated 1187-1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Buzai Abbey), 388-390, 391-392 (charter dated 1205 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the monks of Villeneuve), 394-397 (charter dated 1207 by Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the canons of Nantes), 397-406, 406-407 (charter dated 1212 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany), 408, 409 (charter dated 1201-13 of Guy, Duke of Brittany to the nuns of Saint-Sulpice les Rennes). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 365-366 (sub Chester); 3 (1886): 107-109 (sub Richmond). Annales Cestrienses (Lanc. & Cheshire Rec. Soc. 14) (1887): 40-41 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1188: "Rannulphus comes cestrie Cui etiam dedit Henricus rex anglie in uxorem relictam v Kl. [recte Galfridi filii sui] Cui comitissam britannie filia Alani [recte Conant] Comitis britannie nominee Constancia et toto comittatu de Richemund quam ipse comes Cestrie Rannulphus desponsavit in die Sancte Werburge virginis, id est, tertia nonas Februarii [3 Feb.] apud ..."), 46 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1200: "Rannulphus comes Cestrie desponsavit uxorem filiam Radulphi de Feugis, nomine Clementiam, relicta comitissa Britannie, nomine Constancia."). La Borderie Recueil d’Actes Inédits des Ducs et Princes de Bretagne (XIe, XIIe, XIIIe Siecles) (1888). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 378 (seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond dated 1190-1198 - Pointed oval. To the right. Standing, with tightly-fitting dress, long fur-lined cloak fastened at the throat, in the right hand a lily-flower, on the left hand a hawk with long jesses.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Gaufridus comes."). Rosenzweig Cartulaire général de Morbihan 1 (1895): 190-191 (charter of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, dated between 1182-1183). Inventaire Sommaire des Archives Départementales antérieures a 1790, Loire-Inférieure 2(2) Ser. C & D (1898): 147. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 220 (Livre d'Anniversaires des XIVe-XVe Siedes: "18 August - [Obiit] Gaufridi, comitis Britanie [1186]."). Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 531-532. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 355. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 58-70. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103-106, 371-372 (biog. of Geoffrey Fitz Roy, Count of Brittany). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 441-458. Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 195 (chart). Le Moyen Age 35 (1924-5): 63-70. Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Peds. (1925): 11 (ped. of Earls of Chester). Brunel et al. Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 2 (1943): 542. C.P. 10 (1945): 780 (chart), 794-805 (sub Richmond). Annales de Bretagne 53 (1946), 1-27. Painter Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). BIHR 50 (1977): 112-115. Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 2 (1981): 13 (seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated c.1200 - A shield of arms: a lion passant. Legend: + SIGILLVM [R]A[NVF]I COMMS CESTRIE). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as "a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler"). Hist. Research 63 (1990): 1-16. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 45-47. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany & her Fam. (1999). Everard Brittany & the Angevins (2000). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 347-360. Jones Between France & England (2003): 38-40. Wheeler & Parsons Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 101. Richard Eales, `Ranulf (HI), sixth earl of Chester and first earl of Lincoln (1170-1232)', in Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (2004). Bull & Léglu World of Eleanor of Aquitaine (2005). Guéraud Contribution a "Etude du Processus coutumier au Moyen Age (2008): 250 (charter of Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, dated after 1173 names his mother, Aumou, his wife Sibyl; his brothers, Guy, Hugues, Geoffroi, and Raymond; and his sisters, Marie and Amabil), 251 (chart), 305. Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany: a. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182-4.She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold's death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 October 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wiltshire. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 ("commonly called The Damsel of Britain"). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Green Letters of Royal & Ill. Ladies (1846): 24-27 ("The ac	of England, Maud (I7154)
6024	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1133. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, at Whitsuntide 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ALIENOR) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine [see FRANCE 6] (divorced 21 March 1152), and daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Aénor, daughter of Amaury (or Aimery) I, Vicomte of Châtellerault [see AQUITAINE 4 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud [Abbess of Barking]. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen's heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the "Angevin empire" (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. In 1158 he confirmed a treaty with King Louis VII of France involving the marriage of Henry's son to the French king's daughter. In the summer of 1159 he launched an unsuccessful expedition against Toulouse, which he claimed as Duke of Aquitaine. His reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connacht, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king's bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Poitiers (Vienne), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried in the church of the Abbey of Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire). Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1st marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France [see FRANCE 6], namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes) [see BLOIS 4] and Alix of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France [see WYDEVILLE 4]. References: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20 (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules at de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France, etc.); 13 (1869): 308 i (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703,708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines); 19 (1880): 336-337. Schwennicke Europæische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquataine: Lord & Lady (2003). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59-72. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1128 (Agnes de Barbezillo styled "aunt" famital of Queen Eleanor [of Aquitaine), wife of King Louis WI of France). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 17 (Kalendar of Obits: "II Non. Julius [6 July]. Obitus Henrici Regis Anglie, filie Matildis."). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1725): 76-77. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7-10, 10-12 (will of King Henry II). L'Art de Vérifier les Dates 2 (1784): 348-365 (sub Comtes de Poitiers, Ducs de Aquitaine). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1786): 190 (Ex Radulfi de Diceto: Ralph de Fay styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1 (1) (1816): 81-82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William [Fitz Roy], 4th Earl of Surrey (or Warenne), styled "kinsman" [cognati] by King Henry II). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1-4 (will of King Henry II of England). Gray Scalacronica (1836): 278 (Ermengarde de Beaumont, wife of William the Lion, King of Scots styled "cousin" [cosyn] of King Henry II of England). Historiæ Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (Surtees Soc. 9) (1839): Appendix, pg. 1, charter no. xixii (Hugh [du Puiset], Bishop of Durham, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 304-378 (biog. of Eleanora of Aquitaine). Pertz Chronica et Annales ævi Salui (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 6) (1844): (Roberti de Monte Cronica [Robert de Torigni]): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled "aunt" [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled "kinsman" [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled "kinsman" on the part of King Henry II's mother, Empress Maud), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "kinsman" [cognate]; Earl Hugh's wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Evreux "kinswoman" [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II's father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinsman" [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [cognate]); 27(1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinswoman" by King Henry II). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851) 18-19. Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 245 (Annals of Waverley sub AD. 1188 - Baldwin [de Revers], Earl of Cornwall, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry II). Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 372 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars styled "your cousin and our's" [votre cousin et au notre] by queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in letter to her son, King John dated 1200-1201; also see Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chattes 32 (1871): 412-413). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 33 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Henry II), 46 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of King Henry II). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled "kinsman" of King Henry II; see Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 83, footnote 1). Grasilier Cartulaires Inédits de la Saintonge 2: Cartulaire de l'Abbaye Royale de Notre-Dame de Saintes (1871): 13-16, 19-21, 35-36, 36 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France dated 1151 names her "sister” [sororis], Aelith), 37, 51 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France, dated 1140 names her "aunt" [amite], Agnes [de Barbezieux], Abbess of Saintes; charter witnessed by Aelith, "sister" [sorore] of Queen Eleanor), 52, 78. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 192 (birth of King Henry II); 2 (1873): 7 (sub A.D. 1168: Mathieu, Count of Boulogne, styled "kinsman" [cognatum] of King Henry II of England). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Set.) (1874): 285 (Ralph de Pale styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Montzey Hist. de is Fliche 1 (1877): 137-146. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 426, 439 (Chron. of Geoffrey Vosiensis: Sarah daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall and wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] of King Henry II of England). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 15 (1878): 767-768 (P[etrus Raimundi], Abbot of Saint Maxent, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in letters dated 1161). Eyton Court, Household & Intinerary of King Henry II (1878): 8 (Henry [de Sully], Abbot of Fécamp, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Stubbs Hist. Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1879): 93 (birth of King Henry II), 140-141 (David I, King of Scots, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] of King Henry II of England). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). Bain Cal. Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15-17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of Queen Eleanor). Hart Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia 1 (1884): 106 (Silvio de Cresto styled "queen's kinsman" [nepoti Regina]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 10-13 (seal of King Henry II - Obverse. King enthroned, holding sword and orb; generally ressembling the obverse of seals of Henry I. and Stephen, but with differences in arches on front of throne, and in the various proportions. Legend: + HENRICVS DEI • G[RATIA] • REX ANGLORUM. Four small points in cross placed as a stop between the words. Reverse. King on a horse to the right; hauberk, continuous coif, and chausses of chain-mail, here represented by rings. Conical helmet with nasal. Shield secured by strap passing round king's neck, and fastened by a ring into inner surface of leather. In right hand a long sword; in left hand the short strap of shield and reins. Horse's head-gear composed of chain-work. Legend: + HENR : DEI : GRA : DVX : NORM: [ ] ET : AQVIT : ET: COM : ANDEG.). Christie Annales Cestrienses (1887): 29-35 (Bertrade of Evreux, wife of Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "cousin" of King Henry II in chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164-1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled "kinswoman" [cognate] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). Gross Gild Merchant 2 (1890): 28-29 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem 1(1894): 108, 125-128, 180-181, 312, 470-471, 480-482, 519, 527, 567-568; 2 (1897): 18-19. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "7 Jul. [Obiit] Henricus secundus, rex Anglorum."). Archives Hist. de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6-7 (charter of Eleanor). Beauchet-Filleau Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des Families du Poitou 2 (1895): 320 ("L'obituaire de Fontevrault place son décès le jour des ides de janvier. Dnus Radulfus princeps de Faia, avunculus Dnæ Alienordis Reginae. (bat. 54802 89.)) (author identifies Ralph de Fay as son of Aimery I, Vicomte of Châtellerault). Wigram Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford 2 (1896): 116 (Empress Maud styled "sister" [soror] and her son, Henry [afterwards King Henry II of England] styled "nephew" [nepos] by Robert Fitz Roy, Earl of Gloucester in charter dated c.1142). Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Andre de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England, and her son, King John, in letter dated 1199). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 69 (grant by King Henry II dated 1186-9). Broussillon Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers 2 (1903): 84 (Raoul [de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "dearest kinsman" [charissimus cognatus] in letter by King Henry II of England). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78-93; 42 (1927): 569-572; 74 (1959): 193-213; 110 (1995): 652-655. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 104-105 (Mary, Abbess of Romsey, styled "kinswoman" [cognata/cognatam] by King Henry II). Jeayes Desc. Cat. Derbyshire Charters (1906): 244 (Maud [of Gloucester], Countess of Chester, styled "kinswoman" [cognata] by King Henry II in charter dated ?1175). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593-596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452-463 (biog. of Henry II: "... his nature was full of passion... [he] was a great builder... Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign... probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day... genius for government"). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie (1909): 352-354 (biog. of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England: "Un des recueils de Gaignières (ms. latin 5419, p. 80) nous a conservé l'image de sceau dont elle continua a se servir pendant son veuvage. C'est un long sceau allongé et pointu sot lequel elle est représentée debout, tenant on oiseau sur la main gauche; il ne subsistait que la dernière partie de la légende: NORMANORVM DUCISSA ET ANDEGAVIE COMITISSA. Il y a aux Auxives nationales, attaché a one charte de l'année 1199, on exemplaire mutile de ce même sceau."). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184-1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 ([Maud de Bohun], wife of Juhel de Mayenne, styled "neptis Regis" [kinswoman of King Henry II]). Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled "king's kinsman" in 1188), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see also Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; Round Cal Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II; see also Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1846): 142; Méms. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de Picardie 47 (1936): 182-184 (Eustache's mother named in charter as Isabel); Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XIe-XIIIe Siècle) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l'Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191-192 (Eustache named in charter as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavene, Count of Saint-Pol)]. Delisle & Berger Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre, Duc de Normandie 3 (1927): 136 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), ([Raoul de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Chartrou-Charbonnel L'Anjou de 1109 à 1151: Foulque de Jérusalem et Geoffroi Plantegenêt (1928). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 253 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Speculum 30 (1955): 374-384. Boussard Le Gouvernement d'Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32-33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153-156. Genealogists' Mag. 14 (1964): 361-368. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154 3 (1968). Charles Evans "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany," in Mélanges Offerts à Szaboles de Vajay à l'Occasion de Son Cinquitième Anniversaire (1971): 187-191 (Margery [de Bohun], wife of Pedro Manrique, Count of Lara, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II). Warren Henry II (1973): 216 (Roger [of Gloucester], Bishop of Worcester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II, cites William FitzStephen, III, 103-106). Kibler Eleanor of Aquitaine, Patron & Politcian (1976). Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14-15. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420-1920) (1977): 188-189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3(4) (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 2 (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II] later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Hanna Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89-90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321-336. Tyerman England & the Crusades 1095-1588 (1988): 48 ([Baldwin IV], King of Jerusalem, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II). Williamson Kings & Oueens of Britain (1991): 52-55 (biog. of Henry II:"... a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined.., well-grounded in law and history... undoubtedly a great king"), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Amt Accession of Henry II in England (1993). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "3 Kal. [Apr.] [30 March]. [Obiit] Alienor regina Anglie."). Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Church Medieval Knighthood V. Papers from the 66 Strawberry Hill Conf. 1994 (1995): 68. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Viator 27 (1996): 53 et seq. Vincent et al. Acta of Henry II & Richard 12 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67-69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled "king's kinsman'). Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England (1999). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Anglo-Norman Studies 23 (2001): 143-154. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Hanna Christchurch Priory Cartulary (Hampshire Rec. Ser. 18) (2007): 124 (Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II in charter dated 1154-71). Harper-Bill Henry II: New Interpretations (2007). Hosier Henry II (2007): 54. Cornwall Rec. Office: Arundell of Lanherne & Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert [Fitz Count], son of [Robert Fitz Roy], Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Online resource: The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm). Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153. He died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about 25 Dec. 1156, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65-66. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 434-435 (undated charter of King Henry II dated at Reading to Hurley Priory, Berkshire made for the health of the souls of his late son, William, and his grandfather, King Henry I). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Matthew of Paris Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum 1 (Rolls Set. 44) (1866): 307 (sub A.D. 1157: "In Adventu autem infirmatus Willelmus, primogenitus regis Henrici, obiit, diebus hujus anni scilicet Nataliciis; under dissentio est, utrum hoc vel anno praeterito obierit. Sepultus est autem apud Radingum."). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of William). Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34 (sub A.D. 1156: "Obiit Guillermus, primogenitus filius Henrici regis Anglorum, et sepultus est Radingis ad pedes Henrici regis, proavi sui."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hirst. (1872). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled "the Young King"), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or is Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. They had one son, William. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173-74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) BELA III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama [see HUNGARY 8], son of Geza II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama, by his wife, Euphrosine, daughter of Mstislav II the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. He was born about 1148. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following the death of her husband, Bela III, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66-67. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam of England (1851): 18-19. Douet-D'Arcq Historiques et Critiques sur les Anciens Comtes de Beaumont-sur-Oise (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie: Docs. Inédits 4) (1855): 50-51 (Henry the Young King of England styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Eleanor de Vermandois, Countess of Beaumont in charter dated 1184). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of Henry), 41-45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Henry). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: "Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo matito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit."). Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): iv (rare charter of Young Henry dated c.1170, in which he uses the style "rex Angliæ et Dux Normanniæ et Comes Andegaviæ, Regis Henrici filius"). Deville Tornbeaux de la Cathédral de Rotten (1881): 161-162,164-165,210-211. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13 (seal of Henry son of King Henry II dated 1170-1182 - King, enthroned, with sceptre and orb; sides of throne terminate in animals' heads, as on the thrones on the French royal seals. Legend: HENRICVS REX ANGLOR DVX NORMANNOR ET COMES ANDEGAVOR.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "11 Jun. [Obiit] Henricus tertius, rex Anglorum."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591-594, 602. Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382-384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240-241. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224-226. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he "used style rex Anglorum... hence called by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III"). Smith English Episc. Acta 2 Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110-111. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 96-97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297-326 ("the sole associate king in English post-conquest history"). Child of Henry of England, by Margaret of France: a. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born about 19 June 1177, died 22 June 1177. Benedict of Peterborough Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 177 ("Eodem anno [1177] circa clausum Pentecosten, Margareta, guæ, at supradictum est, prægnans abiit ad regem Franciæ patrem suum, peperit filium, et vocatum eat nomen ejus Willelmus, sed infra triduum obiit Parisius ubi natus fuit; et quidam dicebant quod abortivus fuit."). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH XII der Löwe (or HENRY the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich X, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, Holy Roman Emperor], and Wilhelm [Count of Luneburg], and two daughters, Maud and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180, and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Braunschweig (or Brunswick). In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. His wife, Maud, died at Braunschweig 28 June 1189. HEINRICH OF BRAUNSCHWEIG, former Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, died 6 August 1195. He and his wife, Maud, were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69-70. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Green Lives of the Princesses of England 1 (1857): 214-262 (biog. of Matilda of England). Pertz Historici Germania sac. XII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 21) (1869): 115-116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sæc. XII. et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled "kinsman" [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Ströhl Deutsch Wappenrolle (1897): 72. Hohnstein Geschichte des Heroztums Braunschweig (1908): 91-140 (biog. of Heinrich der Löwe). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Waltz Ottonis et Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris (Monumenta Germaniæ Histories, Scriptures rerum Germanicarum 46) (1912): 350 (Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris Appendix sub A.D. 1168: "... nam inter imperatorem et regem Angliæ fedus et amicicia fuit, data filia sua in uxorem Heinrico duci Bawariæ et Saxoniæ."). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 284 (ancestry of Maud of England). Jordan Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Löwen Herzogs von Sachsen and Bayern (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Laienfürsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit) (1941): 51-53 (Gebhard I, Count of Burghausen styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich), 107-108 (Otto VI, Count Palatine of Wittelsbach, afterwards Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepos] by Duke Heinrich), 181-182 (Friedrich II, Count Palatine of Saxony, Count of Sommerschenburg styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich). Foreville L'Eglise et le Royaute en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154-1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Appelt Die Urkunden Friedrichs I. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser 10(1)) (1975): 18-19, 231-233, 347-349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [cognate/cognate] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259-260, 332-335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepotem/nepos] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364-365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [consanguine] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Gens Nostra 46 (1991): 540-541. Kegel Die Jüngere Hildesheimer Briefsammlung (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Die Briefe Der Deutschen Kaiserzeit 7) (1995): 101-102 (letter of Heinrich of Braunschweig to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188), 102-103 (Heinrich of Braunschweig styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] in letter from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Jour. Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379-393. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bayern/heinrich_12_derloewe_herzog_von_bayern_1195_welfen/heinrich_12_der loewe_herzog_von_bayern_und_sachsen_+_1195.html. Children of Maud of England, by Duke Heinrich XII der Löwe: a. OTTO OF BRUNSWICK, 3rd son. He was educated at the court of his uncle, King Richard I of England, under whose experience he gained valuable experience in war. He was appointed Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, and Earl of Yorkshire. When Emperor Henry VI died in Sept. 1197, some of the German princes under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, were anxious to find a rival to Philip, Duke of Swabia, who had been elected German king. Otto married (1st) 22 July 1212 BEATRIX OF HOHENSTAUFEN, daughter of Philip, Duke of Swabia. They had no issue. His wife, Beatrix, died 11 August 1212. He married (2nd) at Aachen 19 May 1214 MARIA OF BRABANT, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Lorraine and Brabant, Margrave of Antwerp, by his 1st wife, Machtild (or Mahaud), daughter and co-heiress of Mathieu of Flanders, Count of Boulogne [see BRABANT 5 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. OTTO IV, late Emperor, died at the Harzburg 19 May 1218, and was buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. His widow, Maria, married (2nd) in July 1220 WILHELM (or WILLEM) I, Count of Holland [see HOLLAND 5]. She died between 9 March and 14 June 1260. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 477-478 (Richard I, King of England, styled "uncle" [avunculus] in charter of Otto, Duke of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 28-29, 87-88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" [nepos] by King John of England). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 37-48 (Otto of Saxony [former Emperor Otto IV] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 57-60 (Otto [IV], late Emperor, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1228). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 290 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1218: "Otho imperator Alemanniæ, nepos Ricardi et Johannis regum obiit."). Piot Cartulaire de l'Abbeye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 199-200 (charter of Henri [II], Duke of Lorraine and Brabant dated 1240, names his "dear sister" [charissima soror], Maria, former Empress of the Romans). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 298-299 ("Eodem anno [1195] Willelmus rex Scottorum ægrotavit, in villa sua quæ dicitur Clacmanan et statuit Othonem filium Henrici ducis Saxoniæ, nepotem Ricardi regis sibi successurum in regnum Scottorum, ita quod ipse Otho filiam suam primogenitam in uxorem cum regno duceret. Et quamvis rex plures haberet qui voluntati suæ in hoc consentirent, tamen comes Patricius et alii multi contradixerunt ..."). Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sac. XII et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 385 (F Gervasii Tilleberiensis Otiis Imperialibus: William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, styled "uncle" [avunculum] of Emperor Otto IV). Doyle Official Baronage of England 3 (1886): 740 (sub York). Thatcher & McNeal Source Book for Mediæval Hist. (1905): 228 (Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" by King John of England in 1202). Hohnstein Geschichte des Herzogtams Braunschweig (1908): 141-149 (biog. of Kaiser Otto IV). Encyclopædia Britannica 20 (1911): 375 (biog. of Otto IV, Roman emperor). Nicholson Love, War & the Grail (2001). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/otto_4_deutscher_koenig_1218_welfen/otto_4_von_ braunschweig_deutscher_koeni8-+_1218.html. b. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF BRUNSWICK, born in 1172. She married (1st) in July 1189 GEOFFREY III, Count of Perche, lord of Toddington, Bedfordshire and Aldbourne and Wanborough, Wiltshire, son of Rotrou III, Count of Perche, by Mathilde, daughter of Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. They had two sons, Geoffrey and Thomas [Count of the Perche]. GEOFFREY III, Count of the Perche, died 5 April 1202. His widow, Maud, married (2nd) before 1203 (as his 1st wife) ENGUERRAND DE COUCY, seigneur of Coucy, and, in right of his wife, Count of the Perche, son and heir of Raoul de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy, by Alix, daughter of Robert I, Count of Dreux. She died in 13 Jan. 1209/10. Placitorum in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservatorum Abbrevatio (1811): 55. Rotuli litterarum patentium in turri Londinensi asservati 1201- 1216 (1834): 18 (Maud, Countess of the Perche, styled "niece" [nepti] by King John of England in 1202). Lepinois & Merlet Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres 2 (1863): 21 (charter of Maud, Countess of Perche, dated June 1202, names her late husband, Geoffrey, and her son, Thomas), 22. Herald & Genealogist 6 (1871): 241- 253 ([Maud], Countess of Perche styled "niece" [neptis] by King John, cites Rot. Normann. p. 87.). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 436-438 (J. de Pertico [Enguerrand de Coucy, Count of the Perche] styled "your kinsman" [consobrinum tuum] in letter from Pope Innocent III to King Philippe Auguste of France in 1203). Money Hist. of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11(1903): 304-305. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 374 (biog. of Geoffrey de Perche). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France: County of the Perche 1000-1226 (2002). Kathleen Thompson "Matilda, countess of the Perche (1171-1210): The expression of authority in name, style and seal" available at www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/crahm/revue/tabularia/thompson.html. iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Cæur-de-Lion or the Iionheart), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice (or Alix) of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother's inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173-4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175-77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry's death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father's orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions, including Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard's marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry's death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BERENGERE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho Vi el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard's journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, whom he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. His second Coronation was solemnised in Winchester Cathedral 17 April 1194. In October 1196 he made peace with Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, renouncing all claims to the county of Toulouse and the subject county of Rouergue; he also returned Quercy and gave the Agenais as part of the dowry for his sister Joan's marriage to Raymond. In 1199, during a minor siege at Chalus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. Following Richard's death, the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire formed part of his widow, Berengere's dower, but she did not enjoy her full tights as indicated by a papal letter to King John in 1209. In 1204 Bérengère ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thoré in Maine. She was co-heiress in 1226 to her cousin, Guillaume, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, Count of Perche. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l'Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l'Epau Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73-80. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1045-1046 (charters of Queen Bérengère of England). Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 12. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 266 (Obit. of Tintem Abbey: "Ricardus Rex Angliæ primus obiit xxvii. die Mardi"; "Berengerus et comitissa soror ejus obiit xxiij. die Decembris."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 313-314. Brequigny Table Chronologique des Diplomes, Charles, Titres et Actes Imprimés concernant l'Histoire de France 4 (1836): 357. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. Ill. the Hist. of Scotland 1(1837): xxviii-xxix (William the lion, King of Scots styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Richard I of England). Archæologia 27 (1838): 109-112. Green Letters of Royal & Ill Ladies (1846): 30-34 (two letters of Bérengère, Queen of England). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Riley Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1853): 120 (Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham, styled "our dearly beloved cousin" by King Richard I). Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21(1855): 604 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): "... Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi"). Migne Innocentii III Romani pontificis opera omnia (Patrologia Ser. Latina 215) (1855): 1538-1539. Arbois de Jubainville Hist. des Ducs et des Comtes de Champagne 5 (1863): 195, 229-230, 238. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Charles 2 (1866): 181-182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled "aunt" [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] "Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de Ella Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus."). Lalore Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Boulancoutt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: "23 Dec. - solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d'Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne"). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 39 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Richard I), 151 (Chronicon Sancti Sergii Andegavensis: death of King Richard I). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147-159. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 447 ([Blanche of Navarre], Countess of Troyes, styled "sister" [sororem] of Queen Bérengère in letter by Pope Innocent III to King John dated 1204). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13-14 (seal of King Richard I - Obverse. King enthroned: closely fitting tunic, loose surcoat with embroidered edges at neck and arms, and cloak. Open crown of three points fleury. In right hand a sword held erect; in left hand an orb topped by a cross fleur-de-lisée. Throne of elaborate pannelled work, of four stages of arcading with intervening head-mouldings, the back splayed away, and footboard enriched with carvings of quatrefoils, and a corbel on seven arches. In the field, on either side of king's head, a crescent enclosing an estoile of seven points wavy. On either side of throne a sprig of the planta genista, or broom. Legend: + RICARDVS DEI GRACIA REX ANGLORVM. Reverse. King on horseback to right. Hauberk and surcoat of mail armour, conical helmet, large broad sword, bowed shield on which a lion rampant contoume. Horse-trappings: head-gear, ornamental saddle and breast-band. Legend: + RICARDVS DVX NORMANNORVM ET AQVITANORVM ET COMES ANDEGAVORVM.). Meyer L'Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338-340, esp. lines 9392-9432 (André de Chauvigny styled "king's kinsman"). Delisle Manuscrits Latins et Français ajoutés aux Fonds des Nouvelles Acquisitions Pendant les Années 1875-1894 2 (1894): 509-510 (Calendrier of Maubuisson Abbey) ("X kal. januarii [23 Dec.]. Obiit Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 556-557 (charter of King Richard I dated 1189-1190); 2 (1897): 179-180. Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 89-90 (William the lion, King of Scotland styled "dearest cousin" by King Richard I of England in 1189), 92-93 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and cousin and liegeman" by King Richard I of England in 1194). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(2) (Recueil des Historiens de la France - Obituaires) (1902): 645 (Abbaye de Port Royal: "x. cal. [23 Dec.]. Ce jour est fait l’anniversaire de Berangarie, royne [1229], et de Blanche, contesse, et non en convent."), 655 (Abbaye de Maubuisson: "[23 Dec.]. x kal. jan. Obiit. Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Lair (Société des Archives Hist. du Maine 6) (1905): 80-81. D.N.B. 16(1909): 1022-1031 (biog. of Richard I: "... He was a stern ruler.., where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault... In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree... He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher... a man of many accomplishments"). Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: "A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale"). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 18-20 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Richard I in 1197). Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174-1328 (1965): 12-14 (William the lion, King of Scotland, styled "kinsman" by King Richard in 1189), 18-19 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and kinsman" [amico et consanguineo] by King Richard in 1194). Paget lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185-198; 23 (1997): 351-365. Bull. Inst. Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157-173. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36-37. Mitchell Berengaria, Enigmatic Queen of England (1986). King & Ridyard Law in Mediæval Life & Thought (Sewanee Mediæal Studies 5) (1990): 21-42. Williamson Kings & Queens of Britain (1991): 55-56,65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 127 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus April [6 April]. Obiit Ricardus Rex Anglie, qui dedit Boscum de Blen cum pertinentiis suis Ecclesie Christi."), 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus Apr. 16 April]. Obiit Richardus rex Angliae."). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37-53; 43 (1999): 79-89. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58,189-200. French Hist. Studies 21 (1998): 517-542. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart's Queen (1999): 23 (Queen Bérengère's "long years of widowhood" reveal "a strong, courageous woman, independent, solitary, battling against difficult political and economic circumstances, with little interest in the trappings of a courtly existence, sustained by her faith in Christ and her royalty to the See of St Peter, not afraid to assert her rights against powerful enemies, both lay and clerical."), 183 (Queen Bérengère styled "kinswoman" by King Louis IX of France). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 97,105. Online resources: www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm. Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, ___: a. PHILIP FITZ ROY (otherwise PHILIP DE COGNAC), in right of his wife, of Cognac, Merpins, and Jarnac. He married AMELIE DE COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Adémar, Count of Angouleme, did homage to him in 1194, and also after his father's death. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father's death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Bull. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de l'Ouest et des Musées de Poitiers 12 (1845): 415. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464-465 ("In the same year [A.D. 11991, Philip, bastard son of Richard, king of England, to whom the said king, his father, had given the castle and the manor of Cuinac, slew the before-named viscount of Limoges, in revenge for his father."). Comptes d'Alphonse de Poitiers (Archives Hist. du Poitou 4) (1875): 21-22 ("... Tempore domini comids Pictavensis Henrici, qui fuit rex Anglie, quittavit pater comitis Audomaris Engolismensis, in aula Pictavensi, Bardon, dominum Coignyaci, de homagio quod petebat ab ipso de Coygnyaco, et eo presente et concedente, fecit homagium dominus Coygnyaci domini comiti Pictavensi, de Cognyaco et pertinentiis; et credo quod adhuc vivunt multi qui hoc viderunt. Filius dicti domini Cognyaci fecit similiter homagium Richardo Pictavensi, de Coygnyaco et pertinentiis; quo domino Cognyaci mortuo, dedit rex Richardus comes Pictavensis dominam Amellyam unicam heredem Coygnyaci, quam habebat in ballo, ratione comitatus Pictavensis, in uxorem cuidam filio suo notho, scilicet Philippo de Coygnyaco; qua defuncta sine liberis, tenuit dictus comes Richardus dictum castrum et eum tradidit Roberto de Torniant, senescallo suo Pictavensis."). Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes 1 (1883): 271. Boissonade Quomodo Comites Engolismenses ega Reges Anglia, et Francia se Gesserint 1152- 1328 (1893). Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330. Furness I. & Death of King John (1919): 6-9. Boissonade L'Ascension, le Déclin et la Chute d'un Grand Etat Féodal du Centre-Ouest: Les Taillefer et les Lusignans (Bull. et Méms. de la Soc. Arch. et Hist. de la Charente) (1935). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 ("Philipp° f[ilio] R. Richardi"). Martin-Civat Les Seigneuties de Cognac, Jarnac et Metpins dons l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XIIe et XIIIe Siècle (Congrès des Socs. Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956). Henderson Richard Coeur de Lion (1959): 242. Shakespeare Quarterly 11 (1960): 137-146. Powicke Loss of Normandy (1961): 32-33. Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274-275. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102. Le Château Royal of Cognac (Mems./Institut d'Hist. et d'Arch. de Cognac et du Cognaçais) 2 (1972): 5. Shakespeare Studies (1976): 59-70. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126-127, 179. Debord La Soc. Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente Xe-XlIe Siècle (1984): 486-488. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 769 (sub Limoges). Evergates Feudal Soc. in Medieval France (1993): 58-59. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58. Bernard et al. Hist. du Poitou et des Pays Charentais (2001): 151. Erickson Royal Panoply: Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (2006): 46. v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 (by dispensation, they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY [see BRITTANY 6], daughter and heiress of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland [see BRITTANY 5 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1162. They had three children (see below). In 1178 he was knighted at Woodstock by his father. In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Notre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH, Earl of Chester [see CHESTER 5.i], Judge in the King's Court, 1193, Constable of Sermilly Castle, 1201-4, Constable of the Tower of Avranches, 1203, Warden of the Peak Castle and Forest, 1215, Steward of the Town and Honour of Lancaster, 1216-23, Constable of Fotheringay Castle, 1221-2, Steward of the Honour of Leicester, 1222, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, son and heir of Hugh, Earl of Chester, hereditary Vicomte of Avranches, by Bertrade, daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux, seigneur of Montfort-l'Amaury [see CHESTER 5 for his ancestry]. They had no issue. In 1196 Ranulph captured Constance en route to her 6n5li7ing negotiations with King Richard I and confined her at Benvron for at least a year. Soon after her release, she sought the annulment of their marriage which was granted in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. She married (3rd) before October 1199 (as his 1st wife) GUY DE THOUARS [see BRITTANY 6], in right of his 1st wife, Count (or Duke) of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars, by his wife, Aumur (or Aumou) [see AQUITAINE 3.ii.a for his ancestry]. They had three daughters, Alix (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond), Marguerite, and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was buried at Villeneuve. In 1202 he joined King Philippe Augustus, and his English lands were confiscated. He served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) EUSTACHE DE MAULEON, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d'Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre de Chemillé, Knt. [seigneur of Chemille, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas de Chemillé, Knt. In October 1203 he was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. In 1206 King Philippe Auguste of France granted him le Broherec, la Cornouaille, and le Pouher. GUY DE THOUARS died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) RENAUD DE MAULEVRIER. She was living in 1244. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67-68. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1333 (abstract of charter of Guy de Thouars dated 1208 naming his mother, Aumuz, and his wife, [Constance] Countess of Brittany). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1(1725): 445-461 (sub Bretagne). Morice Méms. pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 37-38, 822 (dower of Katherine of Brittany, wife of André III de Vitré), 912-913, 917, 919-920 (instances of Pierre de Chemillé styled "uncle" [avunculus] by Jean, Duke of Brittany, in 1238, 1240, 1241), 930-931 (Thomas de Chemillé styled "brother" [fratri] by Pierre de Chemillé). Morice Histoire Ecclésiastique et Civil de Bretagne 1 (1750): xvii-xviii (Counts of Penthievre ped). Banks Dormant & Extinct Baronage of England 1 (1807): 218-220. Hanshall Hut. of the County Palatine of Chester (1823): 21-23. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 325 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated 1230), 574-575 (Jerveaux Abbey - Genealogy of the Counts of Richmond). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 247-249. Extracta e Vanis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 70 ("Henricus, regis Dauid filius, comes Huntyntoune et Northumbrie vxorem duxit Adam filiam Willelmi senioris, sororis Willelmi junioris comitis de Warenna, et sororem comitis Roberti Legecesterensis, et Walranni comitis de Melent, cuius mater fait soror Rodulphi comitis de Perona, regis Francorum Ludouici consanguinea, ex qua suscepit tres inclitos filios Genuit eciam idem princeps Henricus totidem Elias ex uxore sua predicta Ada, scilicet, Adam, que lege conjugii tradita est comiti Holandie Fiorentino: secundam, Margaretam Conano duci Britannie comiti de Richmonth nuptam, ex qua genuit filiam nomine Constanciam Gaufrido, comiti Ancligauie, fratri regis Anglie Richardi Primi, disponsatam, de qua Gaufridus genuit alum nomine Arthurum, postea in mare mersum, vnam eciam filiam, Aleciam nomine, que a Petro Mauclerk concepit et peperit filium, normna Johannem, postea ducem Britannie, et aliam filiani nomine Alienoram, que cum Arthuro fratre in mare periit."). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 365-369 (re. Thouars fam.). Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbaris 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 207. Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Geoffrey). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 35 (1874): 8-9 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5 (seal of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond dated 1185 - Le duc à cheval, vêtu du haubert, coiffé d'un heaume a timbre arrondi; lance au gonfanon. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS DVX BRI Revers: Le duc à cheval, couvert d'un immense bouclier, brandissant son épée. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS COMES RICHEMVNDIE), 5-6 (undated seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond - Dame debout, coiffée en tresses, revêtue d'un sur ___ ajusté du corsage, des hanches et des bras, at recouvert d'une chape, un faucon sur le poing, en fleuron dans la main droite. [Légende:]* CONSTANCIA DVCISS … [COM]ITISSA RICH[EMUN]DIE). Ormerod Hist. of the County Palatine & City of Chester 1 (1882): 33-41. Robertson Materials for the Hist. of Thomas Becket 6 (Rolls Ser. 67) (1882): 170-174. Bull & Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Département d'Ille-et-Vilaine 17 (1885): 370-371, 371-372 (charter dated 1182-85 of Geoffrey son of King Henry, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richmond; charter granted with consent of his wife, Constance), 373 (charter dated 1183-86 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to the church of Rouen), 374- 376 (charter dated 1187 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 376-377 (charter dated 1189 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 377-378 (charter dated 1193 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Melaine of Rennes Abbey), 379-380 (charter dated 1198 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond), 380-381 (charter dated 1199 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Notre Dame près Aurai Priory), 383-384 (charter dated 1199-1201 of Guy de Thouars, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond and his wife, Constance, Duchess of Brittany to Melerai Abbey), 384-387 (foundation charter dated 1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond for Villeneuve Abbey), 387 (charter dated 1187-1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Buzai Abbey), 388-390, 391-392 (charter dated 1205 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the monks of Villeneuve), 394-397 (charter dated 1207 by Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the canons of Nantes), 397-406, 406-407 (charter dated 1212 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany), 408, 409 (charter dated 1201-13 of Guy, Duke of Brittany to the nuns of Saint-Sulpice les Rennes). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 365-366 (sub Chester); 3 (1886): 107-109 (sub Richmond). Annales Cestrienses (Lanc. & Cheshire Rec. Soc. 14) (1887): 40-41 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1188: "Rannulphus comes cestrie Cui etiam dedit Henricus rex anglie in uxorem relictam v Kl. [recte Galfridi filii sui] Cui comitissam britannie filia Alani [recte Conant] Comitis britannie nominee Constancia et toto comittatu de Richemund quam ipse comes Cestrie Rannulphus desponsavit in die Sancte Werburge virginis, id est, tertia nonas Februarii [3 Feb.] apud ..."), 46 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1200: "Rannulphus comes Cestrie desponsavit uxorem filiam Radulphi de Feugis, nomine Clementiam, relicta comitissa Britannie, nomine Constancia."). La Borderie Recueil d’Actes Inédits des Ducs et Princes de Bretagne (XIe, XIIe, XIIIe Siecles) (1888). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 378 (seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond dated 1190-1198 - Pointed oval. To the right. Standing, with tightly-fitting dress, long fur-lined cloak fastened at the throat, in the right hand a lily-flower, on the left hand a hawk with long jesses.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Gaufridus comes."). Rosenzweig Cartulaire général de Morbihan 1 (1895): 190-191 (charter of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, dated between 1182-1183). Inventaire Sommaire des Archives Départementales antérieures a 1790, Loire-Inférieure 2(2) Ser. C & D (1898): 147. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 220 (Livre d'Anniversaires des XIVe-XVe Siedes: "18 August - [Obiit] Gaufridi, comitis Britanie [1186]."). Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 531-532. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 355. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 58-70. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103-106, 371-372 (biog. of Geoffrey Fitz Roy, Count of Brittany). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 441-458. Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 195 (chart). Le Moyen Age 35 (1924-5): 63-70. Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Peds. (1925): 11 (ped. of Earls of Chester). Brunel et al. Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 2 (1943): 542. C.P. 10 (1945): 780 (chart), 794-805 (sub Richmond). Annales de Bretagne 53 (1946), 1-27. Painter Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). BIHR 50 (1977): 112-115. Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 2 (1981): 13 (seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated c.1200 - A shield of arms: a lion passant. Legend: + SIGILLVM [R]A[NVF]I COMMS CESTRIE). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as "a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler"). Hist. Research 63 (1990): 1-16. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 45-47. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany & her Fam. (1999). Everard Brittany & the Angevins (2000). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 347-360. Jones Between France & England (2003): 38-40. Wheeler & Parsons Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 101. Richard Eales, `Ranulf (HI), sixth earl of Chester and first earl of Lincoln (1170-1232)', in Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (2004). Bull & Léglu World of Eleanor of Aquitaine (2005). Guéraud Contribution a "Etude du Processus coutumier au Moyen Age (2008): 250 (charter of Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, dated after 1173 names his mother, Aumou, his wife Sibyl; his brothers, Guy, Hugues, Geoffroi, and Raymond; and his sisters, Marie and Amabil), 251 (chart), 305. Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany: a. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182-4.She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold's death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 October 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wiltshire. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 ("commonly called The Damsel of Britain"). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Green Letters of Royal & Ill. Ladies (1846): 24-27 ("The ac	of France, Margaret (I7153)
6025	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1133. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, at Whitsuntide 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ALIENOR) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine [see FRANCE 6] (divorced 21 March 1152), and daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Aénor, daughter of Amaury (or Aimery) I, Vicomte of Châtellerault [see AQUITAINE 4 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud [Abbess of Barking]. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen's heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the "Angevin empire" (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. In 1158 he confirmed a treaty with King Louis VII of France involving the marriage of Henry's son to the French king's daughter. In the summer of 1159 he launched an unsuccessful expedition against Toulouse, which he claimed as Duke of Aquitaine. His reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connacht, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king's bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Poitiers (Vienne), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried in the church of the Abbey of Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire). Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1st marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France [see FRANCE 6], namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes) [see BLOIS 4] and Alix of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France [see WYDEVILLE 4]. References: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20 (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules at de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France, etc.); 13 (1869): 308 i (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703,708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines); 19 (1880): 336-337. Schwennicke Europæische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquataine: Lord & Lady (2003). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59-72. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1128 (Agnes de Barbezillo styled "aunt" famital of Queen Eleanor [of Aquitaine), wife of King Louis WI of France). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 17 (Kalendar of Obits: "II Non. Julius [6 July]. Obitus Henrici Regis Anglie, filie Matildis."). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1725): 76-77. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7-10, 10-12 (will of King Henry II). L'Art de Vérifier les Dates 2 (1784): 348-365 (sub Comtes de Poitiers, Ducs de Aquitaine). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1786): 190 (Ex Radulfi de Diceto: Ralph de Fay styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1 (1) (1816): 81-82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William [Fitz Roy], 4th Earl of Surrey (or Warenne), styled "kinsman" [cognati] by King Henry II). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1-4 (will of King Henry II of England). Gray Scalacronica (1836): 278 (Ermengarde de Beaumont, wife of William the Lion, King of Scots styled "cousin" [cosyn] of King Henry II of England). Historiæ Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (Surtees Soc. 9) (1839): Appendix, pg. 1, charter no. xixii (Hugh [du Puiset], Bishop of Durham, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 304-378 (biog. of Eleanora of Aquitaine). Pertz Chronica et Annales ævi Salui (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 6) (1844): (Roberti de Monte Cronica [Robert de Torigni]): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled "aunt" [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled "kinsman" [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled "kinsman" on the part of King Henry II's mother, Empress Maud), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "kinsman" [cognate]; Earl Hugh's wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Evreux "kinswoman" [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II's father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinsman" [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [cognate]); 27(1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinswoman" by King Henry II). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851) 18-19. Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 245 (Annals of Waverley sub AD. 1188 - Baldwin [de Revers], Earl of Cornwall, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry II). Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 372 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars styled "your cousin and our's" [votre cousin et au notre] by queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in letter to her son, King John dated 1200-1201; also see Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chattes 32 (1871): 412-413). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 33 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Henry II), 46 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of King Henry II). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled "kinsman" of King Henry II; see Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 83, footnote 1). Grasilier Cartulaires Inédits de la Saintonge 2: Cartulaire de l'Abbaye Royale de Notre-Dame de Saintes (1871): 13-16, 19-21, 35-36, 36 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France dated 1151 names her "sister” [sororis], Aelith), 37, 51 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France, dated 1140 names her "aunt" [amite], Agnes [de Barbezieux], Abbess of Saintes; charter witnessed by Aelith, "sister" [sorore] of Queen Eleanor), 52, 78. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 192 (birth of King Henry II); 2 (1873): 7 (sub A.D. 1168: Mathieu, Count of Boulogne, styled "kinsman" [cognatum] of King Henry II of England). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Set.) (1874): 285 (Ralph de Pale styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Montzey Hist. de is Fliche 1 (1877): 137-146. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 426, 439 (Chron. of Geoffrey Vosiensis: Sarah daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall and wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] of King Henry II of England). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 15 (1878): 767-768 (P[etrus Raimundi], Abbot of Saint Maxent, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in letters dated 1161). Eyton Court, Household & Intinerary of King Henry II (1878): 8 (Henry [de Sully], Abbot of Fécamp, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Stubbs Hist. Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1879): 93 (birth of King Henry II), 140-141 (David I, King of Scots, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] of King Henry II of England). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). Bain Cal. Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15-17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of Queen Eleanor). Hart Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia 1 (1884): 106 (Silvio de Cresto styled "queen's kinsman" [nepoti Regina]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 10-13 (seal of King Henry II - Obverse. King enthroned, holding sword and orb; generally ressembling the obverse of seals of Henry I. and Stephen, but with differences in arches on front of throne, and in the various proportions. Legend: + HENRICVS DEI • G[RATIA] • REX ANGLORUM. Four small points in cross placed as a stop between the words. Reverse. King on a horse to the right; hauberk, continuous coif, and chausses of chain-mail, here represented by rings. Conical helmet with nasal. Shield secured by strap passing round king's neck, and fastened by a ring into inner surface of leather. In right hand a long sword; in left hand the short strap of shield and reins. Horse's head-gear composed of chain-work. Legend: + HENR : DEI : GRA : DVX : NORM: [ ] ET : AQVIT : ET: COM : ANDEG.). Christie Annales Cestrienses (1887): 29-35 (Bertrade of Evreux, wife of Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "cousin" of King Henry II in chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164-1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled "kinswoman" [cognate] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). Gross Gild Merchant 2 (1890): 28-29 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem 1(1894): 108, 125-128, 180-181, 312, 470-471, 480-482, 519, 527, 567-568; 2 (1897): 18-19. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "7 Jul. [Obiit] Henricus secundus, rex Anglorum."). Archives Hist. de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6-7 (charter of Eleanor). Beauchet-Filleau Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des Families du Poitou 2 (1895): 320 ("L'obituaire de Fontevrault place son décès le jour des ides de janvier. Dnus Radulfus princeps de Faia, avunculus Dnæ Alienordis Reginae. (bat. 54802 89.)) (author identifies Ralph de Fay as son of Aimery I, Vicomte of Châtellerault). Wigram Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford 2 (1896): 116 (Empress Maud styled "sister" [soror] and her son, Henry [afterwards King Henry II of England] styled "nephew" [nepos] by Robert Fitz Roy, Earl of Gloucester in charter dated c.1142). Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Andre de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England, and her son, King John, in letter dated 1199). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 69 (grant by King Henry II dated 1186-9). Broussillon Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers 2 (1903): 84 (Raoul [de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "dearest kinsman" [charissimus cognatus] in letter by King Henry II of England). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78-93; 42 (1927): 569-572; 74 (1959): 193-213; 110 (1995): 652-655. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 104-105 (Mary, Abbess of Romsey, styled "kinswoman" [cognata/cognatam] by King Henry II). Jeayes Desc. Cat. Derbyshire Charters (1906): 244 (Maud [of Gloucester], Countess of Chester, styled "kinswoman" [cognata] by King Henry II in charter dated ?1175). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593-596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452-463 (biog. of Henry II: "... his nature was full of passion... [he] was a great builder... Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign... probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day... genius for government"). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie (1909): 352-354 (biog. of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England: "Un des recueils de Gaignières (ms. latin 5419, p. 80) nous a conservé l'image de sceau dont elle continua a se servir pendant son veuvage. C'est un long sceau allongé et pointu sot lequel elle est représentée debout, tenant on oiseau sur la main gauche; il ne subsistait que la dernière partie de la légende: NORMANORVM DUCISSA ET ANDEGAVIE COMITISSA. Il y a aux Auxives nationales, attaché a one charte de l'année 1199, on exemplaire mutile de ce même sceau."). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184-1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 ([Maud de Bohun], wife of Juhel de Mayenne, styled "neptis Regis" [kinswoman of King Henry II]). Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled "king's kinsman" in 1188), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see also Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; Round Cal Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II; see also Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1846): 142; Méms. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de Picardie 47 (1936): 182-184 (Eustache's mother named in charter as Isabel); Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XIe-XIIIe Siècle) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l'Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191-192 (Eustache named in charter as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavene, Count of Saint-Pol)]. Delisle & Berger Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre, Duc de Normandie 3 (1927): 136 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), ([Raoul de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Chartrou-Charbonnel L'Anjou de 1109 à 1151: Foulque de Jérusalem et Geoffroi Plantegenêt (1928). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 253 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Speculum 30 (1955): 374-384. Boussard Le Gouvernement d'Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32-33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153-156. Genealogists' Mag. 14 (1964): 361-368. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154 3 (1968). Charles Evans "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany," in Mélanges Offerts à Szaboles de Vajay à l'Occasion de Son Cinquitième Anniversaire (1971): 187-191 (Margery [de Bohun], wife of Pedro Manrique, Count of Lara, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II). Warren Henry II (1973): 216 (Roger [of Gloucester], Bishop of Worcester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II, cites William FitzStephen, III, 103-106). Kibler Eleanor of Aquitaine, Patron & Politcian (1976). Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14-15. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420-1920) (1977): 188-189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3(4) (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 2 (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II] later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Hanna Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89-90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321-336. Tyerman England & the Crusades 1095-1588 (1988): 48 ([Baldwin IV], King of Jerusalem, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II). Williamson Kings & Oueens of Britain (1991): 52-55 (biog. of Henry II:"... a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined.., well-grounded in law and history... undoubtedly a great king"), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Amt Accession of Henry II in England (1993). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "3 Kal. [Apr.] [30 March]. [Obiit] Alienor regina Anglie."). Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Church Medieval Knighthood V. Papers from the 66 Strawberry Hill Conf. 1994 (1995): 68. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Viator 27 (1996): 53 et seq. Vincent et al. Acta of Henry II & Richard 12 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67-69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled "king's kinsman'). Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England (1999). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Anglo-Norman Studies 23 (2001): 143-154. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Hanna Christchurch Priory Cartulary (Hampshire Rec. Ser. 18) (2007): 124 (Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II in charter dated 1154-71). Harper-Bill Henry II: New Interpretations (2007). Hosier Henry II (2007): 54. Cornwall Rec. Office: Arundell of Lanherne & Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert [Fitz Count], son of [Robert Fitz Roy], Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Online resource: The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm). Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153. He died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about 25 Dec. 1156, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65-66. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 434-435 (undated charter of King Henry II dated at Reading to Hurley Priory, Berkshire made for the health of the souls of his late son, William, and his grandfather, King Henry I). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Matthew of Paris Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum 1 (Rolls Set. 44) (1866): 307 (sub A.D. 1157: "In Adventu autem infirmatus Willelmus, primogenitus regis Henrici, obiit, diebus hujus anni scilicet Nataliciis; under dissentio est, utrum hoc vel anno praeterito obierit. Sepultus est autem apud Radingum."). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of William). Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34 (sub A.D. 1156: "Obiit Guillermus, primogenitus filius Henrici regis Anglorum, et sepultus est Radingis ad pedes Henrici regis, proavi sui."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hirst. (1872). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled "the Young King"), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or is Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. They had one son, William. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173-74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) BELA III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama [see HUNGARY 8], son of Geza II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama, by his wife, Euphrosine, daughter of Mstislav II the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. He was born about 1148. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following the death of her husband, Bela III, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66-67. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam of England (1851): 18-19. Douet-D'Arcq Historiques et Critiques sur les Anciens Comtes de Beaumont-sur-Oise (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie: Docs. Inédits 4) (1855): 50-51 (Henry the Young King of England styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Eleanor de Vermandois, Countess of Beaumont in charter dated 1184). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of Henry), 41-45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Henry). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: "Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo matito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit."). Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): iv (rare charter of Young Henry dated c.1170, in which he uses the style "rex Angliæ et Dux Normanniæ et Comes Andegaviæ, Regis Henrici filius"). Deville Tornbeaux de la Cathédral de Rotten (1881): 161-162,164-165,210-211. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13 (seal of Henry son of King Henry II dated 1170-1182 - King, enthroned, with sceptre and orb; sides of throne terminate in animals' heads, as on the thrones on the French royal seals. Legend: HENRICVS REX ANGLOR DVX NORMANNOR ET COMES ANDEGAVOR.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "11 Jun. [Obiit] Henricus tertius, rex Anglorum."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591-594, 602. Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382-384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240-241. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224-226. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he "used style rex Anglorum... hence called by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III"). Smith English Episc. Acta 2 Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110-111. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 96-97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297-326 ("the sole associate king in English post-conquest history"). Child of Henry of England, by Margaret of France: a. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born about 19 June 1177, died 22 June 1177. Benedict of Peterborough Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 177 ("Eodem anno [1177] circa clausum Pentecosten, Margareta, guæ, at supradictum est, prægnans abiit ad regem Franciæ patrem suum, peperit filium, et vocatum eat nomen ejus Willelmus, sed infra triduum obiit Parisius ubi natus fuit; et quidam dicebant quod abortivus fuit."). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH XII der Löwe (or HENRY the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich X, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, Holy Roman Emperor], and Wilhelm [Count of Luneburg], and two daughters, Maud and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180, and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Braunschweig (or Brunswick). In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. His wife, Maud, died at Braunschweig 28 June 1189. HEINRICH OF BRAUNSCHWEIG, former Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, died 6 August 1195. He and his wife, Maud, were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69-70. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Green Lives of the Princesses of England 1 (1857): 214-262 (biog. of Matilda of England). Pertz Historici Germania sac. XII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 21) (1869): 115-116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sæc. XII. et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled "kinsman" [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Ströhl Deutsch Wappenrolle (1897): 72. Hohnstein Geschichte des Heroztums Braunschweig (1908): 91-140 (biog. of Heinrich der Löwe). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Waltz Ottonis et Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris (Monumenta Germaniæ Histories, Scriptures rerum Germanicarum 46) (1912): 350 (Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris Appendix sub A.D. 1168: "... nam inter imperatorem et regem Angliæ fedus et amicicia fuit, data filia sua in uxorem Heinrico duci Bawariæ et Saxoniæ."). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 284 (ancestry of Maud of England). Jordan Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Löwen Herzogs von Sachsen and Bayern (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Laienfürsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit) (1941): 51-53 (Gebhard I, Count of Burghausen styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich), 107-108 (Otto VI, Count Palatine of Wittelsbach, afterwards Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepos] by Duke Heinrich), 181-182 (Friedrich II, Count Palatine of Saxony, Count of Sommerschenburg styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich). Foreville L'Eglise et le Royaute en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154-1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Appelt Die Urkunden Friedrichs I. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser 10(1)) (1975): 18-19, 231-233, 347-349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [cognate/cognate] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259-260, 332-335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepotem/nepos] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364-365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [consanguine] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Gens Nostra 46 (1991): 540-541. Kegel Die Jüngere Hildesheimer Briefsammlung (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Die Briefe Der Deutschen Kaiserzeit 7) (1995): 101-102 (letter of Heinrich of Braunschweig to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188), 102-103 (Heinrich of Braunschweig styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] in letter from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Jour. Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379-393. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bayern/heinrich_12_derloewe_herzog_von_bayern_1195_welfen/heinrich_12_der loewe_herzog_von_bayern_und_sachsen_+_1195.html. Children of Maud of England, by Duke Heinrich XII der Löwe: a. OTTO OF BRUNSWICK, 3rd son. He was educated at the court of his uncle, King Richard I of England, under whose experience he gained valuable experience in war. He was appointed Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, and Earl of Yorkshire. When Emperor Henry VI died in Sept. 1197, some of the German princes under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, were anxious to find a rival to Philip, Duke of Swabia, who had been elected German king. Otto married (1st) 22 July 1212 BEATRIX OF HOHENSTAUFEN, daughter of Philip, Duke of Swabia. They had no issue. His wife, Beatrix, died 11 August 1212. He married (2nd) at Aachen 19 May 1214 MARIA OF BRABANT, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Lorraine and Brabant, Margrave of Antwerp, by his 1st wife, Machtild (or Mahaud), daughter and co-heiress of Mathieu of Flanders, Count of Boulogne [see BRABANT 5 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. OTTO IV, late Emperor, died at the Harzburg 19 May 1218, and was buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. His widow, Maria, married (2nd) in July 1220 WILHELM (or WILLEM) I, Count of Holland [see HOLLAND 5]. She died between 9 March and 14 June 1260. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 477-478 (Richard I, King of England, styled "uncle" [avunculus] in charter of Otto, Duke of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 28-29, 87-88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" [nepos] by King John of England). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 37-48 (Otto of Saxony [former Emperor Otto IV] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 57-60 (Otto [IV], late Emperor, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1228). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 290 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1218: "Otho imperator Alemanniæ, nepos Ricardi et Johannis regum obiit."). Piot Cartulaire de l'Abbeye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 199-200 (charter of Henri [II], Duke of Lorraine and Brabant dated 1240, names his "dear sister" [charissima soror], Maria, former Empress of the Romans). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 298-299 ("Eodem anno [1195] Willelmus rex Scottorum ægrotavit, in villa sua quæ dicitur Clacmanan et statuit Othonem filium Henrici ducis Saxoniæ, nepotem Ricardi regis sibi successurum in regnum Scottorum, ita quod ipse Otho filiam suam primogenitam in uxorem cum regno duceret. Et quamvis rex plures haberet qui voluntati suæ in hoc consentirent, tamen comes Patricius et alii multi contradixerunt ..."). Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sac. XII et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 385 (F Gervasii Tilleberiensis Otiis Imperialibus: William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, styled "uncle" [avunculum] of Emperor Otto IV). Doyle Official Baronage of England 3 (1886): 740 (sub York). Thatcher & McNeal Source Book for Mediæval Hist. (1905): 228 (Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" by King John of England in 1202). Hohnstein Geschichte des Herzogtams Braunschweig (1908): 141-149 (biog. of Kaiser Otto IV). Encyclopædia Britannica 20 (1911): 375 (biog. of Otto IV, Roman emperor). Nicholson Love, War & the Grail (2001). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/otto_4_deutscher_koenig_1218_welfen/otto_4_von_ braunschweig_deutscher_koeni8-+_1218.html. b. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF BRUNSWICK, born in 1172. She married (1st) in July 1189 GEOFFREY III, Count of Perche, lord of Toddington, Bedfordshire and Aldbourne and Wanborough, Wiltshire, son of Rotrou III, Count of Perche, by Mathilde, daughter of Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. They had two sons, Geoffrey and Thomas [Count of the Perche]. GEOFFREY III, Count of the Perche, died 5 April 1202. His widow, Maud, married (2nd) before 1203 (as his 1st wife) ENGUERRAND DE COUCY, seigneur of Coucy, and, in right of his wife, Count of the Perche, son and heir of Raoul de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy, by Alix, daughter of Robert I, Count of Dreux. She died in 13 Jan. 1209/10. Placitorum in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservatorum Abbrevatio (1811): 55. Rotuli litterarum patentium in turri Londinensi asservati 1201- 1216 (1834): 18 (Maud, Countess of the Perche, styled "niece" [nepti] by King John of England in 1202). Lepinois & Merlet Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres 2 (1863): 21 (charter of Maud, Countess of Perche, dated June 1202, names her late husband, Geoffrey, and her son, Thomas), 22. Herald & Genealogist 6 (1871): 241- 253 ([Maud], Countess of Perche styled "niece" [neptis] by King John, cites Rot. Normann. p. 87.). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 436-438 (J. de Pertico [Enguerrand de Coucy, Count of the Perche] styled "your kinsman" [consobrinum tuum] in letter from Pope Innocent III to King Philippe Auguste of France in 1203). Money Hist. of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11(1903): 304-305. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 374 (biog. of Geoffrey de Perche). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France: County of the Perche 1000-1226 (2002). Kathleen Thompson "Matilda, countess of the Perche (1171-1210): The expression of authority in name, style and seal" available at www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/crahm/revue/tabularia/thompson.html. iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Cæur-de-Lion or the Iionheart), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice (or Alix) of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother's inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173-4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175-77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry's death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father's orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions, including Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard's marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry's death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BERENGERE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho Vi el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard's journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, whom he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. His second Coronation was solemnised in Winchester Cathedral 17 April 1194. In October 1196 he made peace with Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, renouncing all claims to the county of Toulouse and the subject county of Rouergue; he also returned Quercy and gave the Agenais as part of the dowry for his sister Joan's marriage to Raymond. In 1199, during a minor siege at Chalus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. Following Richard's death, the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire formed part of his widow, Berengere's dower, but she did not enjoy her full tights as indicated by a papal letter to King John in 1209. In 1204 Bérengère ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thoré in Maine. She was co-heiress in 1226 to her cousin, Guillaume, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, Count of Perche. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l'Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l'Epau Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73-80. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1045-1046 (charters of Queen Bérengère of England). Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 12. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 266 (Obit. of Tintem Abbey: "Ricardus Rex Angliæ primus obiit xxvii. die Mardi"; "Berengerus et comitissa soror ejus obiit xxiij. die Decembris."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 313-314. Brequigny Table Chronologique des Diplomes, Charles, Titres et Actes Imprimés concernant l'Histoire de France 4 (1836): 357. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. Ill. the Hist. of Scotland 1(1837): xxviii-xxix (William the lion, King of Scots styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Richard I of England). Archæologia 27 (1838): 109-112. Green Letters of Royal & Ill Ladies (1846): 30-34 (two letters of Bérengère, Queen of England). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Riley Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1853): 120 (Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham, styled "our dearly beloved cousin" by King Richard I). Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21(1855): 604 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): "... Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi"). Migne Innocentii III Romani pontificis opera omnia (Patrologia Ser. Latina 215) (1855): 1538-1539. Arbois de Jubainville Hist. des Ducs et des Comtes de Champagne 5 (1863): 195, 229-230, 238. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Charles 2 (1866): 181-182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled "aunt" [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] "Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de Ella Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus."). Lalore Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Boulancoutt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: "23 Dec. - solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d'Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne"). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 39 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Richard I), 151 (Chronicon Sancti Sergii Andegavensis: death of King Richard I). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147-159. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 447 ([Blanche of Navarre], Countess of Troyes, styled "sister" [sororem] of Queen Bérengère in letter by Pope Innocent III to King John dated 1204). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13-14 (seal of King Richard I - Obverse. King enthroned: closely fitting tunic, loose surcoat with embroidered edges at neck and arms, and cloak. Open crown of three points fleury. In right hand a sword held erect; in left hand an orb topped by a cross fleur-de-lisée. Throne of elaborate pannelled work, of four stages of arcading with intervening head-mouldings, the back splayed away, and footboard enriched with carvings of quatrefoils, and a corbel on seven arches. In the field, on either side of king's head, a crescent enclosing an estoile of seven points wavy. On either side of throne a sprig of the planta genista, or broom. Legend: + RICARDVS DEI GRACIA REX ANGLORVM. Reverse. King on horseback to right. Hauberk and surcoat of mail armour, conical helmet, large broad sword, bowed shield on which a lion rampant contoume. Horse-trappings: head-gear, ornamental saddle and breast-band. Legend: + RICARDVS DVX NORMANNORVM ET AQVITANORVM ET COMES ANDEGAVORVM.). Meyer L'Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338-340, esp. lines 9392-9432 (André de Chauvigny styled "king's kinsman"). Delisle Manuscrits Latins et Français ajoutés aux Fonds des Nouvelles Acquisitions Pendant les Années 1875-1894 2 (1894): 509-510 (Calendrier of Maubuisson Abbey) ("X kal. januarii [23 Dec.]. Obiit Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 556-557 (charter of King Richard I dated 1189-1190); 2 (1897): 179-180. Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 89-90 (William the lion, King of Scotland styled "dearest cousin" by King Richard I of England in 1189), 92-93 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and cousin and liegeman" by King Richard I of England in 1194). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(2) (Recueil des Historiens de la France - Obituaires) (1902): 645 (Abbaye de Port Royal: "x. cal. [23 Dec.]. Ce jour est fait l’anniversaire de Berangarie, royne [1229], et de Blanche, contesse, et non en convent."), 655 (Abbaye de Maubuisson: "[23 Dec.]. x kal. jan. Obiit. Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Lair (Société des Archives Hist. du Maine 6) (1905): 80-81. D.N.B. 16(1909): 1022-1031 (biog. of Richard I: "... He was a stern ruler.., where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault... In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree... He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher... a man of many accomplishments"). Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: "A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale"). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 18-20 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Richard I in 1197). Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174-1328 (1965): 12-14 (William the lion, King of Scotland, styled "kinsman" by King Richard in 1189), 18-19 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and kinsman" [amico et consanguineo] by King Richard in 1194). Paget lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185-198; 23 (1997): 351-365. Bull. Inst. Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157-173. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36-37. Mitchell Berengaria, Enigmatic Queen of England (1986). King & Ridyard Law in Mediæval Life & Thought (Sewanee Mediæal Studies 5) (1990): 21-42. Williamson Kings & Queens of Britain (1991): 55-56,65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 127 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus April [6 April]. Obiit Ricardus Rex Anglie, qui dedit Boscum de Blen cum pertinentiis suis Ecclesie Christi."), 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus Apr. 16 April]. Obiit Richardus rex Angliae."). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37-53; 43 (1999): 79-89. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58,189-200. French Hist. Studies 21 (1998): 517-542. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart's Queen (1999): 23 (Queen Bérengère's "long years of widowhood" reveal "a strong, courageous woman, independent, solitary, battling against difficult political and economic circumstances, with little interest in the trappings of a courtly existence, sustained by her faith in Christ and her royalty to the See of St Peter, not afraid to assert her rights against powerful enemies, both lay and clerical."), 183 (Queen Bérengère styled "kinswoman" by King Louis IX of France). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 97,105. Online resources: www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm. Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, ___: a. PHILIP FITZ ROY (otherwise PHILIP DE COGNAC), in right of his wife, of Cognac, Merpins, and Jarnac. He married AMELIE DE COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Adémar, Count of Angouleme, did homage to him in 1194, and also after his father's death. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father's death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Bull. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de l'Ouest et des Musées de Poitiers 12 (1845): 415. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464-465 ("In the same year [A.D. 11991, Philip, bastard son of Richard, king of England, to whom the said king, his father, had given the castle and the manor of Cuinac, slew the before-named viscount of Limoges, in revenge for his father."). Comptes d'Alphonse de Poitiers (Archives Hist. du Poitou 4) (1875): 21-22 ("... Tempore domini comids Pictavensis Henrici, qui fuit rex Anglie, quittavit pater comitis Audomaris Engolismensis, in aula Pictavensi, Bardon, dominum Coignyaci, de homagio quod petebat ab ipso de Coygnyaco, et eo presente et concedente, fecit homagium dominus Coygnyaci domini comiti Pictavensi, de Cognyaco et pertinentiis; et credo quod adhuc vivunt multi qui hoc viderunt. Filius dicti domini Cognyaci fecit similiter homagium Richardo Pictavensi, de Coygnyaco et pertinentiis; quo domino Cognyaci mortuo, dedit rex Richardus comes Pictavensis dominam Amellyam unicam heredem Coygnyaci, quam habebat in ballo, ratione comitatus Pictavensis, in uxorem cuidam filio suo notho, scilicet Philippo de Coygnyaco; qua defuncta sine liberis, tenuit dictus comes Richardus dictum castrum et eum tradidit Roberto de Torniant, senescallo suo Pictavensis."). Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes 1 (1883): 271. Boissonade Quomodo Comites Engolismenses ega Reges Anglia, et Francia se Gesserint 1152- 1328 (1893). Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330. Furness I. & Death of King John (1919): 6-9. Boissonade L'Ascension, le Déclin et la Chute d'un Grand Etat Féodal du Centre-Ouest: Les Taillefer et les Lusignans (Bull. et Méms. de la Soc. Arch. et Hist. de la Charente) (1935). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 ("Philipp° f[ilio] R. Richardi"). Martin-Civat Les Seigneuties de Cognac, Jarnac et Metpins dons l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XIIe et XIIIe Siècle (Congrès des Socs. Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956). Henderson Richard Coeur de Lion (1959): 242. Shakespeare Quarterly 11 (1960): 137-146. Powicke Loss of Normandy (1961): 32-33. Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274-275. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102. Le Château Royal of Cognac (Mems./Institut d'Hist. et d'Arch. de Cognac et du Cognaçais) 2 (1972): 5. Shakespeare Studies (1976): 59-70. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126-127, 179. Debord La Soc. Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente Xe-XlIe Siècle (1984): 486-488. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 769 (sub Limoges). Evergates Feudal Soc. in Medieval France (1993): 58-59. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58. Bernard et al. Hist. du Poitou et des Pays Charentais (2001): 151. Erickson Royal Panoply: Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (2006): 46. v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 (by dispensation, they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY [see BRITTANY 6], daughter and heiress of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland [see BRITTANY 5 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1162. They had three children (see below). In 1178 he was knighted at Woodstock by his father. In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Notre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH, Earl of Chester [see CHESTER 5.i], Judge in the King's Court, 1193, Constable of Sermilly Castle, 1201-4, Constable of the Tower of Avranches, 1203, Warden of the Peak Castle and Forest, 1215, Steward of the Town and Honour of Lancaster, 1216-23, Constable of Fotheringay Castle, 1221-2, Steward of the Honour of Leicester, 1222, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, son and heir of Hugh, Earl of Chester, hereditary Vicomte of Avranches, by Bertrade, daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux, seigneur of Montfort-l'Amaury [see CHESTER 5 for his ancestry]. They had no issue. In 1196 Ranulph captured Constance en route to her 6n5li7ing negotiations with King Richard I and confined her at Benvron for at least a year. Soon after her release, she sought the annulment of their marriage which was granted in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. She married (3rd) before October 1199 (as his 1st wife) GUY DE THOUARS [see BRITTANY 6], in right of his 1st wife, Count (or Duke) of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars, by his wife, Aumur (or Aumou) [see AQUITAINE 3.ii.a for his ancestry]. They had three daughters, Alix (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond), Marguerite, and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was buried at Villeneuve. In 1202 he joined King Philippe Augustus, and his English lands were confiscated. He served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) EUSTACHE DE MAULEON, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d'Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre de Chemillé, Knt. [seigneur of Chemille, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas de Chemillé, Knt. In October 1203 he was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. In 1206 King Philippe Auguste of France granted him le Broherec, la Cornouaille, and le Pouher. GUY DE THOUARS died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) RENAUD DE MAULEVRIER. She was living in 1244. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67-68. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1333 (abstract of charter of Guy de Thouars dated 1208 naming his mother, Aumuz, and his wife, [Constance] Countess of Brittany). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1(1725): 445-461 (sub Bretagne). Morice Méms. pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 37-38, 822 (dower of Katherine of Brittany, wife of André III de Vitré), 912-913, 917, 919-920 (instances of Pierre de Chemillé styled "uncle" [avunculus] by Jean, Duke of Brittany, in 1238, 1240, 1241), 930-931 (Thomas de Chemillé styled "brother" [fratri] by Pierre de Chemillé). Morice Histoire Ecclésiastique et Civil de Bretagne 1 (1750): xvii-xviii (Counts of Penthievre ped). Banks Dormant & Extinct Baronage of England 1 (1807): 218-220. Hanshall Hut. of the County Palatine of Chester (1823): 21-23. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 325 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated 1230), 574-575 (Jerveaux Abbey - Genealogy of the Counts of Richmond). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 247-249. Extracta e Vanis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 70 ("Henricus, regis Dauid filius, comes Huntyntoune et Northumbrie vxorem duxit Adam filiam Willelmi senioris, sororis Willelmi junioris comitis de Warenna, et sororem comitis Roberti Legecesterensis, et Walranni comitis de Melent, cuius mater fait soror Rodulphi comitis de Perona, regis Francorum Ludouici consanguinea, ex qua suscepit tres inclitos filios Genuit eciam idem princeps Henricus totidem Elias ex uxore sua predicta Ada, scilicet, Adam, que lege conjugii tradita est comiti Holandie Fiorentino: secundam, Margaretam Conano duci Britannie comiti de Richmonth nuptam, ex qua genuit filiam nomine Constanciam Gaufrido, comiti Ancligauie, fratri regis Anglie Richardi Primi, disponsatam, de qua Gaufridus genuit alum nomine Arthurum, postea in mare mersum, vnam eciam filiam, Aleciam nomine, que a Petro Mauclerk concepit et peperit filium, normna Johannem, postea ducem Britannie, et aliam filiani nomine Alienoram, que cum Arthuro fratre in mare periit."). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 365-369 (re. Thouars fam.). Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbaris 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 207. Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Geoffrey). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 35 (1874): 8-9 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5 (seal of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond dated 1185 - Le duc à cheval, vêtu du haubert, coiffé d'un heaume a timbre arrondi; lance au gonfanon. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS DVX BRI Revers: Le duc à cheval, couvert d'un immense bouclier, brandissant son épée. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS COMES RICHEMVNDIE), 5-6 (undated seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond - Dame debout, coiffée en tresses, revêtue d'un sur ___ ajusté du corsage, des hanches et des bras, at recouvert d'une chape, un faucon sur le poing, en fleuron dans la main droite. [Légende:]* CONSTANCIA DVCISS … [COM]ITISSA RICH[EMUN]DIE). Ormerod Hist. of the County Palatine & City of Chester 1 (1882): 33-41. Robertson Materials for the Hist. of Thomas Becket 6 (Rolls Ser. 67) (1882): 170-174. Bull & Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Département d'Ille-et-Vilaine 17 (1885): 370-371, 371-372 (charter dated 1182-85 of Geoffrey son of King Henry, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richmond; charter granted with consent of his wife, Constance), 373 (charter dated 1183-86 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to the church of Rouen), 374- 376 (charter dated 1187 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 376-377 (charter dated 1189 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 377-378 (charter dated 1193 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Melaine of Rennes Abbey), 379-380 (charter dated 1198 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond), 380-381 (charter dated 1199 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Notre Dame près Aurai Priory), 383-384 (charter dated 1199-1201 of Guy de Thouars, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond and his wife, Constance, Duchess of Brittany to Melerai Abbey), 384-387 (foundation charter dated 1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond for Villeneuve Abbey), 387 (charter dated 1187-1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Buzai Abbey), 388-390, 391-392 (charter dated 1205 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the monks of Villeneuve), 394-397 (charter dated 1207 by Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the canons of Nantes), 397-406, 406-407 (charter dated 1212 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany), 408, 409 (charter dated 1201-13 of Guy, Duke of Brittany to the nuns of Saint-Sulpice les Rennes). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 365-366 (sub Chester); 3 (1886): 107-109 (sub Richmond). Annales Cestrienses (Lanc. & Cheshire Rec. Soc. 14) (1887): 40-41 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1188: "Rannulphus comes cestrie Cui etiam dedit Henricus rex anglie in uxorem relictam v Kl. [recte Galfridi filii sui] Cui comitissam britannie filia Alani [recte Conant] Comitis britannie nominee Constancia et toto comittatu de Richemund quam ipse comes Cestrie Rannulphus desponsavit in die Sancte Werburge virginis, id est, tertia nonas Februarii [3 Feb.] apud ..."), 46 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1200: "Rannulphus comes Cestrie desponsavit uxorem filiam Radulphi de Feugis, nomine Clementiam, relicta comitissa Britannie, nomine Constancia."). La Borderie Recueil d’Actes Inédits des Ducs et Princes de Bretagne (XIe, XIIe, XIIIe Siecles) (1888). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 378 (seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond dated 1190-1198 - Pointed oval. To the right. Standing, with tightly-fitting dress, long fur-lined cloak fastened at the throat, in the right hand a lily-flower, on the left hand a hawk with long jesses.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Gaufridus comes."). Rosenzweig Cartulaire général de Morbihan 1 (1895): 190-191 (charter of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, dated between 1182-1183). Inventaire Sommaire des Archives Départementales antérieures a 1790, Loire-Inférieure 2(2) Ser. C & D (1898): 147. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 220 (Livre d'Anniversaires des XIVe-XVe Siedes: "18 August - [Obiit] Gaufridi, comitis Britanie [1186]."). Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 531-532. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 355. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 58-70. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103-106, 371-372 (biog. of Geoffrey Fitz Roy, Count of Brittany). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 441-458. Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 195 (chart). Le Moyen Age 35 (1924-5): 63-70. Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Peds. (1925): 11 (ped. of Earls of Chester). Brunel et al. Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 2 (1943): 542. C.P. 10 (1945): 780 (chart), 794-805 (sub Richmond). Annales de Bretagne 53 (1946), 1-27. Painter Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). BIHR 50 (1977): 112-115. Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 2 (1981): 13 (seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated c.1200 - A shield of arms: a lion passant. Legend: + SIGILLVM [R]A[NVF]I COMMS CESTRIE). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as "a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler"). Hist. Research 63 (1990): 1-16. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 45-47. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany & her Fam. (1999). Everard Brittany & the Angevins (2000). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 347-360. Jones Between France & England (2003): 38-40. Wheeler & Parsons Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 101. Richard Eales, `Ranulf (HI), sixth earl of Chester and first earl of Lincoln (1170-1232)', in Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (2004). Bull & Léglu World of Eleanor of Aquitaine (2005). Guéraud Contribution a "Etude du Processus coutumier au Moyen Age (2008): 250 (charter of Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, dated after 1173 names his mother, Aumou, his wife Sibyl; his brothers, Guy, Hugues, Geoffroi, and Raymond; and his sisters, Marie and Amabil), 251 (chart), 305. Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany: a. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182-4.She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold's death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 October 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wiltshire. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 ("commonly called The Damsel of Britain"). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Green Letters of Royal & Ill. Ladies (1846): 24-27 ("The ac	of England, Henry "the Young" (I7152)
6026	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1133. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, at Whitsuntide 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ALIENOR) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine [see FRANCE 6] (divorced 21 March 1152), and daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Aénor, daughter of Amaury (or Aimery) I, Vicomte of Châtellerault [see AQUITAINE 4 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud [Abbess of Barking]. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen's heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the "Angevin empire" (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. In 1158 he confirmed a treaty with King Louis VII of France involving the marriage of Henry's son to the French king's daughter. In the summer of 1159 he launched an unsuccessful expedition against Toulouse, which he claimed as Duke of Aquitaine. His reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connacht, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king's bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Poitiers (Vienne), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried in the church of the Abbey of Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire). Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1st marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France [see FRANCE 6], namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes) [see BLOIS 4] and Alix of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France [see WYDEVILLE 4]. References: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20 (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules at de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France, etc.); 13 (1869): 308 i (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703,708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines); 19 (1880): 336-337. Schwennicke Europæische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquataine: Lord & Lady (2003). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59-72. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1128 (Agnes de Barbezillo styled "aunt" famital of Queen Eleanor [of Aquitaine), wife of King Louis WI of France). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 17 (Kalendar of Obits: "II Non. Julius [6 July]. Obitus Henrici Regis Anglie, filie Matildis."). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1725): 76-77. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7-10, 10-12 (will of King Henry II). L'Art de Vérifier les Dates 2 (1784): 348-365 (sub Comtes de Poitiers, Ducs de Aquitaine). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1786): 190 (Ex Radulfi de Diceto: Ralph de Fay styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1 (1) (1816): 81-82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William [Fitz Roy], 4th Earl of Surrey (or Warenne), styled "kinsman" [cognati] by King Henry II). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1-4 (will of King Henry II of England). Gray Scalacronica (1836): 278 (Ermengarde de Beaumont, wife of William the Lion, King of Scots styled "cousin" [cosyn] of King Henry II of England). Historiæ Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (Surtees Soc. 9) (1839): Appendix, pg. 1, charter no. xixii (Hugh [du Puiset], Bishop of Durham, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 304-378 (biog. of Eleanora of Aquitaine). Pertz Chronica et Annales ævi Salui (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 6) (1844): (Roberti de Monte Cronica [Robert de Torigni]): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled "aunt" [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled "kinsman" [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled "kinsman" on the part of King Henry II's mother, Empress Maud), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "kinsman" [cognate]; Earl Hugh's wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Evreux "kinswoman" [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II's father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinsman" [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [cognate]); 27(1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinswoman" by King Henry II). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851) 18-19. Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 245 (Annals of Waverley sub AD. 1188 - Baldwin [de Revers], Earl of Cornwall, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry II). Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 372 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars styled "your cousin and our's" [votre cousin et au notre] by queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in letter to her son, King John dated 1200-1201; also see Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chattes 32 (1871): 412-413). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 33 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Henry II), 46 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of King Henry II). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled "kinsman" of King Henry II; see Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 83, footnote 1). Grasilier Cartulaires Inédits de la Saintonge 2: Cartulaire de l'Abbaye Royale de Notre-Dame de Saintes (1871): 13-16, 19-21, 35-36, 36 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France dated 1151 names her "sister” [sororis], Aelith), 37, 51 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France, dated 1140 names her "aunt" [amite], Agnes [de Barbezieux], Abbess of Saintes; charter witnessed by Aelith, "sister" [sorore] of Queen Eleanor), 52, 78. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 192 (birth of King Henry II); 2 (1873): 7 (sub A.D. 1168: Mathieu, Count of Boulogne, styled "kinsman" [cognatum] of King Henry II of England). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Set.) (1874): 285 (Ralph de Pale styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Montzey Hist. de is Fliche 1 (1877): 137-146. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 426, 439 (Chron. of Geoffrey Vosiensis: Sarah daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall and wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] of King Henry II of England). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 15 (1878): 767-768 (P[etrus Raimundi], Abbot of Saint Maxent, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in letters dated 1161). Eyton Court, Household & Intinerary of King Henry II (1878): 8 (Henry [de Sully], Abbot of Fécamp, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Stubbs Hist. Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1879): 93 (birth of King Henry II), 140-141 (David I, King of Scots, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] of King Henry II of England). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). Bain Cal. Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15-17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of Queen Eleanor). Hart Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia 1 (1884): 106 (Silvio de Cresto styled "queen's kinsman" [nepoti Regina]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 10-13 (seal of King Henry II - Obverse. King enthroned, holding sword and orb; generally ressembling the obverse of seals of Henry I. and Stephen, but with differences in arches on front of throne, and in the various proportions. Legend: + HENRICVS DEI • G[RATIA] • REX ANGLORUM. Four small points in cross placed as a stop between the words. Reverse. King on a horse to the right; hauberk, continuous coif, and chausses of chain-mail, here represented by rings. Conical helmet with nasal. Shield secured by strap passing round king's neck, and fastened by a ring into inner surface of leather. In right hand a long sword; in left hand the short strap of shield and reins. Horse's head-gear composed of chain-work. Legend: + HENR : DEI : GRA : DVX : NORM: [ ] ET : AQVIT : ET: COM : ANDEG.). Christie Annales Cestrienses (1887): 29-35 (Bertrade of Evreux, wife of Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "cousin" of King Henry II in chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164-1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled "kinswoman" [cognate] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). Gross Gild Merchant 2 (1890): 28-29 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem 1(1894): 108, 125-128, 180-181, 312, 470-471, 480-482, 519, 527, 567-568; 2 (1897): 18-19. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "7 Jul. [Obiit] Henricus secundus, rex Anglorum."). Archives Hist. de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6-7 (charter of Eleanor). Beauchet-Filleau Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des Families du Poitou 2 (1895): 320 ("L'obituaire de Fontevrault place son décès le jour des ides de janvier. Dnus Radulfus princeps de Faia, avunculus Dnæ Alienordis Reginae. (bat. 54802 89.)) (author identifies Ralph de Fay as son of Aimery I, Vicomte of Châtellerault). Wigram Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford 2 (1896): 116 (Empress Maud styled "sister" [soror] and her son, Henry [afterwards King Henry II of England] styled "nephew" [nepos] by Robert Fitz Roy, Earl of Gloucester in charter dated c.1142). Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Andre de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England, and her son, King John, in letter dated 1199). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 69 (grant by King Henry II dated 1186-9). Broussillon Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers 2 (1903): 84 (Raoul [de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "dearest kinsman" [charissimus cognatus] in letter by King Henry II of England). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78-93; 42 (1927): 569-572; 74 (1959): 193-213; 110 (1995): 652-655. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 104-105 (Mary, Abbess of Romsey, styled "kinswoman" [cognata/cognatam] by King Henry II). Jeayes Desc. Cat. Derbyshire Charters (1906): 244 (Maud [of Gloucester], Countess of Chester, styled "kinswoman" [cognata] by King Henry II in charter dated ?1175). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593-596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452-463 (biog. of Henry II: "... his nature was full of passion... [he] was a great builder... Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign... probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day... genius for government"). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie (1909): 352-354 (biog. of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England: "Un des recueils de Gaignières (ms. latin 5419, p. 80) nous a conservé l'image de sceau dont elle continua a se servir pendant son veuvage. C'est un long sceau allongé et pointu sot lequel elle est représentée debout, tenant on oiseau sur la main gauche; il ne subsistait que la dernière partie de la légende: NORMANORVM DUCISSA ET ANDEGAVIE COMITISSA. Il y a aux Auxives nationales, attaché a one charte de l'année 1199, on exemplaire mutile de ce même sceau."). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184-1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 ([Maud de Bohun], wife of Juhel de Mayenne, styled "neptis Regis" [kinswoman of King Henry II]). Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled "king's kinsman" in 1188), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see also Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; Round Cal Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II; see also Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1846): 142; Méms. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de Picardie 47 (1936): 182-184 (Eustache's mother named in charter as Isabel); Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XIe-XIIIe Siècle) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l'Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191-192 (Eustache named in charter as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavene, Count of Saint-Pol)]. Delisle & Berger Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre, Duc de Normandie 3 (1927): 136 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), ([Raoul de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Chartrou-Charbonnel L'Anjou de 1109 à 1151: Foulque de Jérusalem et Geoffroi Plantegenêt (1928). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 253 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Speculum 30 (1955): 374-384. Boussard Le Gouvernement d'Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32-33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153-156. Genealogists' Mag. 14 (1964): 361-368. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154 3 (1968). Charles Evans "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany," in Mélanges Offerts à Szaboles de Vajay à l'Occasion de Son Cinquitième Anniversaire (1971): 187-191 (Margery [de Bohun], wife of Pedro Manrique, Count of Lara, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II). Warren Henry II (1973): 216 (Roger [of Gloucester], Bishop of Worcester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II, cites William FitzStephen, III, 103-106). Kibler Eleanor of Aquitaine, Patron & Politcian (1976). Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14-15. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420-1920) (1977): 188-189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3(4) (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 2 (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II] later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Hanna Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89-90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321-336. Tyerman England & the Crusades 1095-1588 (1988): 48 ([Baldwin IV], King of Jerusalem, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II). Williamson Kings & Oueens of Britain (1991): 52-55 (biog. of Henry II:"... a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined.., well-grounded in law and history... undoubtedly a great king"), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Amt Accession of Henry II in England (1993). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "3 Kal. [Apr.] [30 March]. [Obiit] Alienor regina Anglie."). Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Church Medieval Knighthood V. Papers from the 66 Strawberry Hill Conf. 1994 (1995): 68. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Viator 27 (1996): 53 et seq. Vincent et al. Acta of Henry II & Richard 12 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67-69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled "king's kinsman'). Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England (1999). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Anglo-Norman Studies 23 (2001): 143-154. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Hanna Christchurch Priory Cartulary (Hampshire Rec. Ser. 18) (2007): 124 (Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II in charter dated 1154-71). Harper-Bill Henry II: New Interpretations (2007). Hosier Henry II (2007): 54. Cornwall Rec. Office: Arundell of Lanherne & Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert [Fitz Count], son of [Robert Fitz Roy], Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Online resource: The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm). Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153. He died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about 25 Dec. 1156, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65-66. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 434-435 (undated charter of King Henry II dated at Reading to Hurley Priory, Berkshire made for the health of the souls of his late son, William, and his grandfather, King Henry I). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Matthew of Paris Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum 1 (Rolls Set. 44) (1866): 307 (sub A.D. 1157: "In Adventu autem infirmatus Willelmus, primogenitus regis Henrici, obiit, diebus hujus anni scilicet Nataliciis; under dissentio est, utrum hoc vel anno praeterito obierit. Sepultus est autem apud Radingum."). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of William). Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34 (sub A.D. 1156: "Obiit Guillermus, primogenitus filius Henrici regis Anglorum, et sepultus est Radingis ad pedes Henrici regis, proavi sui."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hirst. (1872). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled "the Young King"), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or is Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. They had one son, William. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173-74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) BELA III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama [see HUNGARY 8], son of Geza II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama, by his wife, Euphrosine, daughter of Mstislav II the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. He was born about 1148. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following the death of her husband, Bela III, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66-67. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam of England (1851): 18-19. Douet-D'Arcq Historiques et Critiques sur les Anciens Comtes de Beaumont-sur-Oise (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie: Docs. Inédits 4) (1855): 50-51 (Henry the Young King of England styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Eleanor de Vermandois, Countess of Beaumont in charter dated 1184). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of Henry), 41-45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Henry). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: "Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo matito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit."). Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): iv (rare charter of Young Henry dated c.1170, in which he uses the style "rex Angliæ et Dux Normanniæ et Comes Andegaviæ, Regis Henrici filius"). Deville Tornbeaux de la Cathédral de Rotten (1881): 161-162,164-165,210-211. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13 (seal of Henry son of King Henry II dated 1170-1182 - King, enthroned, with sceptre and orb; sides of throne terminate in animals' heads, as on the thrones on the French royal seals. Legend: HENRICVS REX ANGLOR DVX NORMANNOR ET COMES ANDEGAVOR.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "11 Jun. [Obiit] Henricus tertius, rex Anglorum."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591-594, 602. Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382-384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240-241. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224-226. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he "used style rex Anglorum... hence called by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III"). Smith English Episc. Acta 2 Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110-111. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 96-97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297-326 ("the sole associate king in English post-conquest history"). Child of Henry of England, by Margaret of France: a. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born about 19 June 1177, died 22 June 1177. Benedict of Peterborough Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 177 ("Eodem anno [1177] circa clausum Pentecosten, Margareta, guæ, at supradictum est, prægnans abiit ad regem Franciæ patrem suum, peperit filium, et vocatum eat nomen ejus Willelmus, sed infra triduum obiit Parisius ubi natus fuit; et quidam dicebant quod abortivus fuit."). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH XII der Löwe (or HENRY the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich X, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, Holy Roman Emperor], and Wilhelm [Count of Luneburg], and two daughters, Maud and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180, and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Braunschweig (or Brunswick). In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. His wife, Maud, died at Braunschweig 28 June 1189. HEINRICH OF BRAUNSCHWEIG, former Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, died 6 August 1195. He and his wife, Maud, were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69-70. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Green Lives of the Princesses of England 1 (1857): 214-262 (biog. of Matilda of England). Pertz Historici Germania sac. XII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 21) (1869): 115-116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sæc. XII. et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled "kinsman" [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Ströhl Deutsch Wappenrolle (1897): 72. Hohnstein Geschichte des Heroztums Braunschweig (1908): 91-140 (biog. of Heinrich der Löwe). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Waltz Ottonis et Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris (Monumenta Germaniæ Histories, Scriptures rerum Germanicarum 46) (1912): 350 (Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris Appendix sub A.D. 1168: "... nam inter imperatorem et regem Angliæ fedus et amicicia fuit, data filia sua in uxorem Heinrico duci Bawariæ et Saxoniæ."). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 284 (ancestry of Maud of England). Jordan Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Löwen Herzogs von Sachsen and Bayern (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Laienfürsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit) (1941): 51-53 (Gebhard I, Count of Burghausen styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich), 107-108 (Otto VI, Count Palatine of Wittelsbach, afterwards Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepos] by Duke Heinrich), 181-182 (Friedrich II, Count Palatine of Saxony, Count of Sommerschenburg styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich). Foreville L'Eglise et le Royaute en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154-1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Appelt Die Urkunden Friedrichs I. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser 10(1)) (1975): 18-19, 231-233, 347-349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [cognate/cognate] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259-260, 332-335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepotem/nepos] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364-365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [consanguine] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Gens Nostra 46 (1991): 540-541. Kegel Die Jüngere Hildesheimer Briefsammlung (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Die Briefe Der Deutschen Kaiserzeit 7) (1995): 101-102 (letter of Heinrich of Braunschweig to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188), 102-103 (Heinrich of Braunschweig styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] in letter from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Jour. Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379-393. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bayern/heinrich_12_derloewe_herzog_von_bayern_1195_welfen/heinrich_12_der loewe_herzog_von_bayern_und_sachsen_+_1195.html. Children of Maud of England, by Duke Heinrich XII der Löwe: a. OTTO OF BRUNSWICK, 3rd son. He was educated at the court of his uncle, King Richard I of England, under whose experience he gained valuable experience in war. He was appointed Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, and Earl of Yorkshire. When Emperor Henry VI died in Sept. 1197, some of the German princes under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, were anxious to find a rival to Philip, Duke of Swabia, who had been elected German king. Otto married (1st) 22 July 1212 BEATRIX OF HOHENSTAUFEN, daughter of Philip, Duke of Swabia. They had no issue. His wife, Beatrix, died 11 August 1212. He married (2nd) at Aachen 19 May 1214 MARIA OF BRABANT, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Lorraine and Brabant, Margrave of Antwerp, by his 1st wife, Machtild (or Mahaud), daughter and co-heiress of Mathieu of Flanders, Count of Boulogne [see BRABANT 5 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. OTTO IV, late Emperor, died at the Harzburg 19 May 1218, and was buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. His widow, Maria, married (2nd) in July 1220 WILHELM (or WILLEM) I, Count of Holland [see HOLLAND 5]. She died between 9 March and 14 June 1260. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 477-478 (Richard I, King of England, styled "uncle" [avunculus] in charter of Otto, Duke of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 28-29, 87-88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" [nepos] by King John of England). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 37-48 (Otto of Saxony [former Emperor Otto IV] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 57-60 (Otto [IV], late Emperor, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1228). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 290 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1218: "Otho imperator Alemanniæ, nepos Ricardi et Johannis regum obiit."). Piot Cartulaire de l'Abbeye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 199-200 (charter of Henri [II], Duke of Lorraine and Brabant dated 1240, names his "dear sister" [charissima soror], Maria, former Empress of the Romans). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 298-299 ("Eodem anno [1195] Willelmus rex Scottorum ægrotavit, in villa sua quæ dicitur Clacmanan et statuit Othonem filium Henrici ducis Saxoniæ, nepotem Ricardi regis sibi successurum in regnum Scottorum, ita quod ipse Otho filiam suam primogenitam in uxorem cum regno duceret. Et quamvis rex plures haberet qui voluntati suæ in hoc consentirent, tamen comes Patricius et alii multi contradixerunt ..."). Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sac. XII et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 385 (F Gervasii Tilleberiensis Otiis Imperialibus: William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, styled "uncle" [avunculum] of Emperor Otto IV). Doyle Official Baronage of England 3 (1886): 740 (sub York). Thatcher & McNeal Source Book for Mediæval Hist. (1905): 228 (Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" by King John of England in 1202). Hohnstein Geschichte des Herzogtams Braunschweig (1908): 141-149 (biog. of Kaiser Otto IV). Encyclopædia Britannica 20 (1911): 375 (biog. of Otto IV, Roman emperor). Nicholson Love, War & the Grail (2001). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/otto_4_deutscher_koenig_1218_welfen/otto_4_von_ braunschweig_deutscher_koeni8-+_1218.html. b. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF BRUNSWICK, born in 1172. She married (1st) in July 1189 GEOFFREY III, Count of Perche, lord of Toddington, Bedfordshire and Aldbourne and Wanborough, Wiltshire, son of Rotrou III, Count of Perche, by Mathilde, daughter of Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. They had two sons, Geoffrey and Thomas [Count of the Perche]. GEOFFREY III, Count of the Perche, died 5 April 1202. His widow, Maud, married (2nd) before 1203 (as his 1st wife) ENGUERRAND DE COUCY, seigneur of Coucy, and, in right of his wife, Count of the Perche, son and heir of Raoul de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy, by Alix, daughter of Robert I, Count of Dreux. She died in 13 Jan. 1209/10. Placitorum in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservatorum Abbrevatio (1811): 55. Rotuli litterarum patentium in turri Londinensi asservati 1201- 1216 (1834): 18 (Maud, Countess of the Perche, styled "niece" [nepti] by King John of England in 1202). Lepinois & Merlet Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres 2 (1863): 21 (charter of Maud, Countess of Perche, dated June 1202, names her late husband, Geoffrey, and her son, Thomas), 22. Herald & Genealogist 6 (1871): 241- 253 ([Maud], Countess of Perche styled "niece" [neptis] by King John, cites Rot. Normann. p. 87.). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 436-438 (J. de Pertico [Enguerrand de Coucy, Count of the Perche] styled "your kinsman" [consobrinum tuum] in letter from Pope Innocent III to King Philippe Auguste of France in 1203). Money Hist. of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11(1903): 304-305. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 374 (biog. of Geoffrey de Perche). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France: County of the Perche 1000-1226 (2002). Kathleen Thompson "Matilda, countess of the Perche (1171-1210): The expression of authority in name, style and seal" available at www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/crahm/revue/tabularia/thompson.html. iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Cæur-de-Lion or the Iionheart), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice (or Alix) of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother's inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173-4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175-77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry's death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father's orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions, including Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard's marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry's death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BERENGERE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho Vi el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard's journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, whom he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. His second Coronation was solemnised in Winchester Cathedral 17 April 1194. In October 1196 he made peace with Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, renouncing all claims to the county of Toulouse and the subject county of Rouergue; he also returned Quercy and gave the Agenais as part of the dowry for his sister Joan's marriage to Raymond. In 1199, during a minor siege at Chalus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. Following Richard's death, the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire formed part of his widow, Berengere's dower, but she did not enjoy her full tights as indicated by a papal letter to King John in 1209. In 1204 Bérengère ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thoré in Maine. She was co-heiress in 1226 to her cousin, Guillaume, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, Count of Perche. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l'Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l'Epau Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73-80. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1045-1046 (charters of Queen Bérengère of England). Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 12. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 266 (Obit. of Tintem Abbey: "Ricardus Rex Angliæ primus obiit xxvii. die Mardi"; "Berengerus et comitissa soror ejus obiit xxiij. die Decembris."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 313-314. Brequigny Table Chronologique des Diplomes, Charles, Titres et Actes Imprimés concernant l'Histoire de France 4 (1836): 357. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. Ill. the Hist. of Scotland 1(1837): xxviii-xxix (William the lion, King of Scots styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Richard I of England). Archæologia 27 (1838): 109-112. Green Letters of Royal & Ill Ladies (1846): 30-34 (two letters of Bérengère, Queen of England). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Riley Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1853): 120 (Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham, styled "our dearly beloved cousin" by King Richard I). Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21(1855): 604 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): "... Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi"). Migne Innocentii III Romani pontificis opera omnia (Patrologia Ser. Latina 215) (1855): 1538-1539. Arbois de Jubainville Hist. des Ducs et des Comtes de Champagne 5 (1863): 195, 229-230, 238. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Charles 2 (1866): 181-182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled "aunt" [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] "Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de Ella Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus."). Lalore Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Boulancoutt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: "23 Dec. - solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d'Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne"). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 39 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Richard I), 151 (Chronicon Sancti Sergii Andegavensis: death of King Richard I). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147-159. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 447 ([Blanche of Navarre], Countess of Troyes, styled "sister" [sororem] of Queen Bérengère in letter by Pope Innocent III to King John dated 1204). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13-14 (seal of King Richard I - Obverse. King enthroned: closely fitting tunic, loose surcoat with embroidered edges at neck and arms, and cloak. Open crown of three points fleury. In right hand a sword held erect; in left hand an orb topped by a cross fleur-de-lisée. Throne of elaborate pannelled work, of four stages of arcading with intervening head-mouldings, the back splayed away, and footboard enriched with carvings of quatrefoils, and a corbel on seven arches. In the field, on either side of king's head, a crescent enclosing an estoile of seven points wavy. On either side of throne a sprig of the planta genista, or broom. Legend: + RICARDVS DEI GRACIA REX ANGLORVM. Reverse. King on horseback to right. Hauberk and surcoat of mail armour, conical helmet, large broad sword, bowed shield on which a lion rampant contoume. Horse-trappings: head-gear, ornamental saddle and breast-band. Legend: + RICARDVS DVX NORMANNORVM ET AQVITANORVM ET COMES ANDEGAVORVM.). Meyer L'Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338-340, esp. lines 9392-9432 (André de Chauvigny styled "king's kinsman"). Delisle Manuscrits Latins et Français ajoutés aux Fonds des Nouvelles Acquisitions Pendant les Années 1875-1894 2 (1894): 509-510 (Calendrier of Maubuisson Abbey) ("X kal. januarii [23 Dec.]. Obiit Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 556-557 (charter of King Richard I dated 1189-1190); 2 (1897): 179-180. Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 89-90 (William the lion, King of Scotland styled "dearest cousin" by King Richard I of England in 1189), 92-93 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and cousin and liegeman" by King Richard I of England in 1194). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(2) (Recueil des Historiens de la France - Obituaires) (1902): 645 (Abbaye de Port Royal: "x. cal. [23 Dec.]. Ce jour est fait l’anniversaire de Berangarie, royne [1229], et de Blanche, contesse, et non en convent."), 655 (Abbaye de Maubuisson: "[23 Dec.]. x kal. jan. Obiit. Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Lair (Société des Archives Hist. du Maine 6) (1905): 80-81. D.N.B. 16(1909): 1022-1031 (biog. of Richard I: "... He was a stern ruler.., where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault... In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree... He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher... a man of many accomplishments"). Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: "A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale"). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 18-20 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Richard I in 1197). Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174-1328 (1965): 12-14 (William the lion, King of Scotland, styled "kinsman" by King Richard in 1189), 18-19 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and kinsman" [amico et consanguineo] by King Richard in 1194). Paget lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185-198; 23 (1997): 351-365. Bull. Inst. Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157-173. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36-37. Mitchell Berengaria, Enigmatic Queen of England (1986). King & Ridyard Law in Mediæval Life & Thought (Sewanee Mediæal Studies 5) (1990): 21-42. Williamson Kings & Queens of Britain (1991): 55-56,65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 127 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus April [6 April]. Obiit Ricardus Rex Anglie, qui dedit Boscum de Blen cum pertinentiis suis Ecclesie Christi."), 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus Apr. 16 April]. Obiit Richardus rex Angliae."). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37-53; 43 (1999): 79-89. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58,189-200. French Hist. Studies 21 (1998): 517-542. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart's Queen (1999): 23 (Queen Bérengère's "long years of widowhood" reveal "a strong, courageous woman, independent, solitary, battling against difficult political and economic circumstances, with little interest in the trappings of a courtly existence, sustained by her faith in Christ and her royalty to the See of St Peter, not afraid to assert her rights against powerful enemies, both lay and clerical."), 183 (Queen Bérengère styled "kinswoman" by King Louis IX of France). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 97,105. Online resources: www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm. Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, ___: a. PHILIP FITZ ROY (otherwise PHILIP DE COGNAC), in right of his wife, of Cognac, Merpins, and Jarnac. He married AMELIE DE COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Adémar, Count of Angouleme, did homage to him in 1194, and also after his father's death. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father's death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Bull. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de l'Ouest et des Musées de Poitiers 12 (1845): 415. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464-465 ("In the same year [A.D. 11991, Philip, bastard son of Richard, king of England, to whom the said king, his father, had given the castle and the manor of Cuinac, slew the before-named viscount of Limoges, in revenge for his father."). Comptes d'Alphonse de Poitiers (Archives Hist. du Poitou 4) (1875): 21-22 ("... Tempore domini comids Pictavensis Henrici, qui fuit rex Anglie, quittavit pater comitis Audomaris Engolismensis, in aula Pictavensi, Bardon, dominum Coignyaci, de homagio quod petebat ab ipso de Coygnyaco, et eo presente et concedente, fecit homagium dominus Coygnyaci domini comiti Pictavensi, de Cognyaco et pertinentiis; et credo quod adhuc vivunt multi qui hoc viderunt. Filius dicti domini Cognyaci fecit similiter homagium Richardo Pictavensi, de Coygnyaco et pertinentiis; quo domino Cognyaci mortuo, dedit rex Richardus comes Pictavensis dominam Amellyam unicam heredem Coygnyaci, quam habebat in ballo, ratione comitatus Pictavensis, in uxorem cuidam filio suo notho, scilicet Philippo de Coygnyaco; qua defuncta sine liberis, tenuit dictus comes Richardus dictum castrum et eum tradidit Roberto de Torniant, senescallo suo Pictavensis."). Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes 1 (1883): 271. Boissonade Quomodo Comites Engolismenses ega Reges Anglia, et Francia se Gesserint 1152- 1328 (1893). Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330. Furness I. & Death of King John (1919): 6-9. Boissonade L'Ascension, le Déclin et la Chute d'un Grand Etat Féodal du Centre-Ouest: Les Taillefer et les Lusignans (Bull. et Méms. de la Soc. Arch. et Hist. de la Charente) (1935). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 ("Philipp° f[ilio] R. Richardi"). Martin-Civat Les Seigneuties de Cognac, Jarnac et Metpins dons l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XIIe et XIIIe Siècle (Congrès des Socs. Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956). Henderson Richard Coeur de Lion (1959): 242. Shakespeare Quarterly 11 (1960): 137-146. Powicke Loss of Normandy (1961): 32-33. Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274-275. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102. Le Château Royal of Cognac (Mems./Institut d'Hist. et d'Arch. de Cognac et du Cognaçais) 2 (1972): 5. Shakespeare Studies (1976): 59-70. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126-127, 179. Debord La Soc. Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente Xe-XlIe Siècle (1984): 486-488. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 769 (sub Limoges). Evergates Feudal Soc. in Medieval France (1993): 58-59. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58. Bernard et al. Hist. du Poitou et des Pays Charentais (2001): 151. Erickson Royal Panoply: Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (2006): 46. v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 (by dispensation, they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY [see BRITTANY 6], daughter and heiress of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland [see BRITTANY 5 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1162. They had three children (see below). In 1178 he was knighted at Woodstock by his father. In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Notre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH, Earl of Chester [see CHESTER 5.i], Judge in the King's Court, 1193, Constable of Sermilly Castle, 1201-4, Constable of the Tower of Avranches, 1203, Warden of the Peak Castle and Forest, 1215, Steward of the Town and Honour of Lancaster, 1216-23, Constable of Fotheringay Castle, 1221-2, Steward of the Honour of Leicester, 1222, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, son and heir of Hugh, Earl of Chester, hereditary Vicomte of Avranches, by Bertrade, daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux, seigneur of Montfort-l'Amaury [see CHESTER 5 for his ancestry]. They had no issue. In 1196 Ranulph captured Constance en route to her 6n5li7ing negotiations with King Richard I and confined her at Benvron for at least a year. Soon after her release, she sought the annulment of their marriage which was granted in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. She married (3rd) before October 1199 (as his 1st wife) GUY DE THOUARS [see BRITTANY 6], in right of his 1st wife, Count (or Duke) of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars, by his wife, Aumur (or Aumou) [see AQUITAINE 3.ii.a for his ancestry]. They had three daughters, Alix (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond), Marguerite, and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was buried at Villeneuve. In 1202 he joined King Philippe Augustus, and his English lands were confiscated. He served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) EUSTACHE DE MAULEON, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d'Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre de Chemillé, Knt. [seigneur of Chemille, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas de Chemillé, Knt. In October 1203 he was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. In 1206 King Philippe Auguste of France granted him le Broherec, la Cornouaille, and le Pouher. GUY DE THOUARS died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) RENAUD DE MAULEVRIER. She was living in 1244. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67-68. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1333 (abstract of charter of Guy de Thouars dated 1208 naming his mother, Aumuz, and his wife, [Constance] Countess of Brittany). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1(1725): 445-461 (sub Bretagne). Morice Méms. pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 37-38, 822 (dower of Katherine of Brittany, wife of André III de Vitré), 912-913, 917, 919-920 (instances of Pierre de Chemillé styled "uncle" [avunculus] by Jean, Duke of Brittany, in 1238, 1240, 1241), 930-931 (Thomas de Chemillé styled "brother" [fratri] by Pierre de Chemillé). Morice Histoire Ecclésiastique et Civil de Bretagne 1 (1750): xvii-xviii (Counts of Penthievre ped). Banks Dormant & Extinct Baronage of England 1 (1807): 218-220. Hanshall Hut. of the County Palatine of Chester (1823): 21-23. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 325 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated 1230), 574-575 (Jerveaux Abbey - Genealogy of the Counts of Richmond). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 247-249. Extracta e Vanis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 70 ("Henricus, regis Dauid filius, comes Huntyntoune et Northumbrie vxorem duxit Adam filiam Willelmi senioris, sororis Willelmi junioris comitis de Warenna, et sororem comitis Roberti Legecesterensis, et Walranni comitis de Melent, cuius mater fait soror Rodulphi comitis de Perona, regis Francorum Ludouici consanguinea, ex qua suscepit tres inclitos filios Genuit eciam idem princeps Henricus totidem Elias ex uxore sua predicta Ada, scilicet, Adam, que lege conjugii tradita est comiti Holandie Fiorentino: secundam, Margaretam Conano duci Britannie comiti de Richmonth nuptam, ex qua genuit filiam nomine Constanciam Gaufrido, comiti Ancligauie, fratri regis Anglie Richardi Primi, disponsatam, de qua Gaufridus genuit alum nomine Arthurum, postea in mare mersum, vnam eciam filiam, Aleciam nomine, que a Petro Mauclerk concepit et peperit filium, normna Johannem, postea ducem Britannie, et aliam filiani nomine Alienoram, que cum Arthuro fratre in mare periit."). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 365-369 (re. Thouars fam.). Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbaris 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 207. Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Geoffrey). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 35 (1874): 8-9 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5 (seal of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond dated 1185 - Le duc à cheval, vêtu du haubert, coiffé d'un heaume a timbre arrondi; lance au gonfanon. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS DVX BRI Revers: Le duc à cheval, couvert d'un immense bouclier, brandissant son épée. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS COMES RICHEMVNDIE), 5-6 (undated seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond - Dame debout, coiffée en tresses, revêtue d'un sur ___ ajusté du corsage, des hanches et des bras, at recouvert d'une chape, un faucon sur le poing, en fleuron dans la main droite. [Légende:]* CONSTANCIA DVCISS … [COM]ITISSA RICH[EMUN]DIE). Ormerod Hist. of the County Palatine & City of Chester 1 (1882): 33-41. Robertson Materials for the Hist. of Thomas Becket 6 (Rolls Ser. 67) (1882): 170-174. Bull & Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Département d'Ille-et-Vilaine 17 (1885): 370-371, 371-372 (charter dated 1182-85 of Geoffrey son of King Henry, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richmond; charter granted with consent of his wife, Constance), 373 (charter dated 1183-86 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to the church of Rouen), 374- 376 (charter dated 1187 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 376-377 (charter dated 1189 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 377-378 (charter dated 1193 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Melaine of Rennes Abbey), 379-380 (charter dated 1198 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond), 380-381 (charter dated 1199 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Notre Dame près Aurai Priory), 383-384 (charter dated 1199-1201 of Guy de Thouars, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond and his wife, Constance, Duchess of Brittany to Melerai Abbey), 384-387 (foundation charter dated 1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond for Villeneuve Abbey), 387 (charter dated 1187-1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Buzai Abbey), 388-390, 391-392 (charter dated 1205 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the monks of Villeneuve), 394-397 (charter dated 1207 by Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the canons of Nantes), 397-406, 406-407 (charter dated 1212 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany), 408, 409 (charter dated 1201-13 of Guy, Duke of Brittany to the nuns of Saint-Sulpice les Rennes). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 365-366 (sub Chester); 3 (1886): 107-109 (sub Richmond). Annales Cestrienses (Lanc. & Cheshire Rec. Soc. 14) (1887): 40-41 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1188: "Rannulphus comes cestrie Cui etiam dedit Henricus rex anglie in uxorem relictam v Kl. [recte Galfridi filii sui] Cui comitissam britannie filia Alani [recte Conant] Comitis britannie nominee Constancia et toto comittatu de Richemund quam ipse comes Cestrie Rannulphus desponsavit in die Sancte Werburge virginis, id est, tertia nonas Februarii [3 Feb.] apud ..."), 46 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1200: "Rannulphus comes Cestrie desponsavit uxorem filiam Radulphi de Feugis, nomine Clementiam, relicta comitissa Britannie, nomine Constancia."). La Borderie Recueil d’Actes Inédits des Ducs et Princes de Bretagne (XIe, XIIe, XIIIe Siecles) (1888). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 378 (seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond dated 1190-1198 - Pointed oval. To the right. Standing, with tightly-fitting dress, long fur-lined cloak fastened at the throat, in the right hand a lily-flower, on the left hand a hawk with long jesses.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Gaufridus comes."). Rosenzweig Cartulaire général de Morbihan 1 (1895): 190-191 (charter of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, dated between 1182-1183). Inventaire Sommaire des Archives Départementales antérieures a 1790, Loire-Inférieure 2(2) Ser. C & D (1898): 147. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 220 (Livre d'Anniversaires des XIVe-XVe Siedes: "18 August - [Obiit] Gaufridi, comitis Britanie [1186]."). Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 531-532. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 355. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 58-70. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103-106, 371-372 (biog. of Geoffrey Fitz Roy, Count of Brittany). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 441-458. Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 195 (chart). Le Moyen Age 35 (1924-5): 63-70. Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Peds. (1925): 11 (ped. of Earls of Chester). Brunel et al. Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 2 (1943): 542. C.P. 10 (1945): 780 (chart), 794-805 (sub Richmond). Annales de Bretagne 53 (1946), 1-27. Painter Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). BIHR 50 (1977): 112-115. Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 2 (1981): 13 (seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated c.1200 - A shield of arms: a lion passant. Legend: + SIGILLVM [R]A[NVF]I COMMS CESTRIE). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as "a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler"). Hist. Research 63 (1990): 1-16. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 45-47. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany & her Fam. (1999). Everard Brittany & the Angevins (2000). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 347-360. Jones Between France & England (2003): 38-40. Wheeler & Parsons Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 101. Richard Eales, `Ranulf (HI), sixth earl of Chester and first earl of Lincoln (1170-1232)', in Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (2004). Bull & Léglu World of Eleanor of Aquitaine (2005). Guéraud Contribution a "Etude du Processus coutumier au Moyen Age (2008): 250 (charter of Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, dated after 1173 names his mother, Aumou, his wife Sibyl; his brothers, Guy, Hugues, Geoffroi, and Raymond; and his sisters, Marie and Amabil), 251 (chart), 305. Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany: a. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182-4.She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold's death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 October 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wiltshire. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 ("commonly called The Damsel of Britain"). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Green Letters of Royal & Ill. Ladies (1846): 24-27 ("The ac	of England, William (I7151)
6027	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1133. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, at Whitsuntide 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ALIENOR) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine [see FRANCE 6] (divorced 21 March 1152), and daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Aénor, daughter of Amaury (or Aimery) I, Vicomte of Châtellerault [see AQUITAINE 4 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud [Abbess of Barking]. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen's heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the "Angevin empire" (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. In 1158 he confirmed a treaty with King Louis VII of France involving the marriage of Henry's son to the French king's daughter. In the summer of 1159 he launched an unsuccessful expedition against Toulouse, which he claimed as Duke of Aquitaine. His reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connacht, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king's bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Poitiers (Vienne), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried in the church of the Abbey of Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire). Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1st marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France [see FRANCE 6], namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes) [see BLOIS 4] and Alix of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France [see WYDEVILLE 4]. References: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20 (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules at de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France, etc.); 13 (1869): 308 i (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703,708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines); 19 (1880): 336-337. Schwennicke Europæische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquataine: Lord & Lady (2003). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59-72. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1128 (Agnes de Barbezillo styled "aunt" famital of Queen Eleanor [of Aquitaine), wife of King Louis WI of France). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 17 (Kalendar of Obits: "II Non. Julius [6 July]. Obitus Henrici Regis Anglie, filie Matildis."). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1725): 76-77. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7-10, 10-12 (will of King Henry II). L'Art de Vérifier les Dates 2 (1784): 348-365 (sub Comtes de Poitiers, Ducs de Aquitaine). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1786): 190 (Ex Radulfi de Diceto: Ralph de Fay styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1 (1) (1816): 81-82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William [Fitz Roy], 4th Earl of Surrey (or Warenne), styled "kinsman" [cognati] by King Henry II). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1-4 (will of King Henry II of England). Gray Scalacronica (1836): 278 (Ermengarde de Beaumont, wife of William the Lion, King of Scots styled "cousin" [cosyn] of King Henry II of England). Historiæ Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (Surtees Soc. 9) (1839): Appendix, pg. 1, charter no. xixii (Hugh [du Puiset], Bishop of Durham, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 304-378 (biog. of Eleanora of Aquitaine). Pertz Chronica et Annales ævi Salui (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 6) (1844): (Roberti de Monte Cronica [Robert de Torigni]): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled "aunt" [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled "kinsman" [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled "kinsman" on the part of King Henry II's mother, Empress Maud), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "kinsman" [cognate]; Earl Hugh's wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Evreux "kinswoman" [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II's father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinsman" [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [cognate]); 27(1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinswoman" by King Henry II). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851) 18-19. Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 245 (Annals of Waverley sub AD. 1188 - Baldwin [de Revers], Earl of Cornwall, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry II). Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 372 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars styled "your cousin and our's" [votre cousin et au notre] by queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in letter to her son, King John dated 1200-1201; also see Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chattes 32 (1871): 412-413). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 33 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Henry II), 46 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of King Henry II). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled "kinsman" of King Henry II; see Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 83, footnote 1). Grasilier Cartulaires Inédits de la Saintonge 2: Cartulaire de l'Abbaye Royale de Notre-Dame de Saintes (1871): 13-16, 19-21, 35-36, 36 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France dated 1151 names her "sister” [sororis], Aelith), 37, 51 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France, dated 1140 names her "aunt" [amite], Agnes [de Barbezieux], Abbess of Saintes; charter witnessed by Aelith, "sister" [sorore] of Queen Eleanor), 52, 78. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 192 (birth of King Henry II); 2 (1873): 7 (sub A.D. 1168: Mathieu, Count of Boulogne, styled "kinsman" [cognatum] of King Henry II of England). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Set.) (1874): 285 (Ralph de Pale styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Montzey Hist. de is Fliche 1 (1877): 137-146. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 426, 439 (Chron. of Geoffrey Vosiensis: Sarah daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall and wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] of King Henry II of England). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 15 (1878): 767-768 (P[etrus Raimundi], Abbot of Saint Maxent, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in letters dated 1161). Eyton Court, Household & Intinerary of King Henry II (1878): 8 (Henry [de Sully], Abbot of Fécamp, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Stubbs Hist. Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1879): 93 (birth of King Henry II), 140-141 (David I, King of Scots, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] of King Henry II of England). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). Bain Cal. Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15-17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of Queen Eleanor). Hart Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia 1 (1884): 106 (Silvio de Cresto styled "queen's kinsman" [nepoti Regina]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 10-13 (seal of King Henry II - Obverse. King enthroned, holding sword and orb; generally ressembling the obverse of seals of Henry I. and Stephen, but with differences in arches on front of throne, and in the various proportions. Legend: + HENRICVS DEI • G[RATIA] • REX ANGLORUM. Four small points in cross placed as a stop between the words. Reverse. King on a horse to the right; hauberk, continuous coif, and chausses of chain-mail, here represented by rings. Conical helmet with nasal. Shield secured by strap passing round king's neck, and fastened by a ring into inner surface of leather. In right hand a long sword; in left hand the short strap of shield and reins. Horse's head-gear composed of chain-work. Legend: + HENR : DEI : GRA : DVX : NORM: [ ] ET : AQVIT : ET: COM : ANDEG.). Christie Annales Cestrienses (1887): 29-35 (Bertrade of Evreux, wife of Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "cousin" of King Henry II in chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164-1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled "kinswoman" [cognate] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). Gross Gild Merchant 2 (1890): 28-29 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem 1(1894): 108, 125-128, 180-181, 312, 470-471, 480-482, 519, 527, 567-568; 2 (1897): 18-19. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "7 Jul. [Obiit] Henricus secundus, rex Anglorum."). Archives Hist. de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6-7 (charter of Eleanor). Beauchet-Filleau Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des Families du Poitou 2 (1895): 320 ("L'obituaire de Fontevrault place son décès le jour des ides de janvier. Dnus Radulfus princeps de Faia, avunculus Dnæ Alienordis Reginae. (bat. 54802 89.)) (author identifies Ralph de Fay as son of Aimery I, Vicomte of Châtellerault). Wigram Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford 2 (1896): 116 (Empress Maud styled "sister" [soror] and her son, Henry [afterwards King Henry II of England] styled "nephew" [nepos] by Robert Fitz Roy, Earl of Gloucester in charter dated c.1142). Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Andre de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England, and her son, King John, in letter dated 1199). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 69 (grant by King Henry II dated 1186-9). Broussillon Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers 2 (1903): 84 (Raoul [de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "dearest kinsman" [charissimus cognatus] in letter by King Henry II of England). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78-93; 42 (1927): 569-572; 74 (1959): 193-213; 110 (1995): 652-655. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 104-105 (Mary, Abbess of Romsey, styled "kinswoman" [cognata/cognatam] by King Henry II). Jeayes Desc. Cat. Derbyshire Charters (1906): 244 (Maud [of Gloucester], Countess of Chester, styled "kinswoman" [cognata] by King Henry II in charter dated ?1175). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593-596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452-463 (biog. of Henry II: "... his nature was full of passion... [he] was a great builder... Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign... probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day... genius for government"). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie (1909): 352-354 (biog. of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England: "Un des recueils de Gaignières (ms. latin 5419, p. 80) nous a conservé l'image de sceau dont elle continua a se servir pendant son veuvage. C'est un long sceau allongé et pointu sot lequel elle est représentée debout, tenant on oiseau sur la main gauche; il ne subsistait que la dernière partie de la légende: NORMANORVM DUCISSA ET ANDEGAVIE COMITISSA. Il y a aux Auxives nationales, attaché a one charte de l'année 1199, on exemplaire mutile de ce même sceau."). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184-1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 ([Maud de Bohun], wife of Juhel de Mayenne, styled "neptis Regis" [kinswoman of King Henry II]). Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled "king's kinsman" in 1188), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see also Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; Round Cal Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II; see also Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1846): 142; Méms. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de Picardie 47 (1936): 182-184 (Eustache's mother named in charter as Isabel); Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XIe-XIIIe Siècle) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l'Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191-192 (Eustache named in charter as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavene, Count of Saint-Pol)]. Delisle & Berger Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre, Duc de Normandie 3 (1927): 136 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), ([Raoul de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Chartrou-Charbonnel L'Anjou de 1109 à 1151: Foulque de Jérusalem et Geoffroi Plantegenêt (1928). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 253 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Speculum 30 (1955): 374-384. Boussard Le Gouvernement d'Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32-33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153-156. Genealogists' Mag. 14 (1964): 361-368. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154 3 (1968). Charles Evans "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany," in Mélanges Offerts à Szaboles de Vajay à l'Occasion de Son Cinquitième Anniversaire (1971): 187-191 (Margery [de Bohun], wife of Pedro Manrique, Count of Lara, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II). Warren Henry II (1973): 216 (Roger [of Gloucester], Bishop of Worcester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II, cites William FitzStephen, III, 103-106). Kibler Eleanor of Aquitaine, Patron & Politcian (1976). Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14-15. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420-1920) (1977): 188-189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3(4) (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 2 (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II] later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Hanna Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89-90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321-336. Tyerman England & the Crusades 1095-1588 (1988): 48 ([Baldwin IV], King of Jerusalem, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II). Williamson Kings & Oueens of Britain (1991): 52-55 (biog. of Henry II:"... a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined.., well-grounded in law and history... undoubtedly a great king"), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Amt Accession of Henry II in England (1993). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "3 Kal. [Apr.] [30 March]. [Obiit] Alienor regina Anglie."). Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Church Medieval Knighthood V. Papers from the 66 Strawberry Hill Conf. 1994 (1995): 68. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Viator 27 (1996): 53 et seq. Vincent et al. Acta of Henry II & Richard 12 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67-69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled "king's kinsman'). Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England (1999). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Anglo-Norman Studies 23 (2001): 143-154. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Hanna Christchurch Priory Cartulary (Hampshire Rec. Ser. 18) (2007): 124 (Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II in charter dated 1154-71). Harper-Bill Henry II: New Interpretations (2007). Hosier Henry II (2007): 54. Cornwall Rec. Office: Arundell of Lanherne & Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert [Fitz Count], son of [Robert Fitz Roy], Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Online resource: The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm). Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153. He died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about 25 Dec. 1156, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65-66. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 434-435 (undated charter of King Henry II dated at Reading to Hurley Priory, Berkshire made for the health of the souls of his late son, William, and his grandfather, King Henry I). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Matthew of Paris Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum 1 (Rolls Set. 44) (1866): 307 (sub A.D. 1157: "In Adventu autem infirmatus Willelmus, primogenitus regis Henrici, obiit, diebus hujus anni scilicet Nataliciis; under dissentio est, utrum hoc vel anno praeterito obierit. Sepultus est autem apud Radingum."). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of William). Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34 (sub A.D. 1156: "Obiit Guillermus, primogenitus filius Henrici regis Anglorum, et sepultus est Radingis ad pedes Henrici regis, proavi sui."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hirst. (1872). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled "the Young King"), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or is Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. They had one son, William. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173-74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) BELA III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama [see HUNGARY 8], son of Geza II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama, by his wife, Euphrosine, daughter of Mstislav II the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. He was born about 1148. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following the death of her husband, Bela III, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66-67. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam of England (1851): 18-19. Douet-D'Arcq Historiques et Critiques sur les Anciens Comtes de Beaumont-sur-Oise (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie: Docs. Inédits 4) (1855): 50-51 (Henry the Young King of England styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Eleanor de Vermandois, Countess of Beaumont in charter dated 1184). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of Henry), 41-45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Henry). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: "Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo matito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit."). Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): iv (rare charter of Young Henry dated c.1170, in which he uses the style "rex Angliæ et Dux Normanniæ et Comes Andegaviæ, Regis Henrici filius"). Deville Tornbeaux de la Cathédral de Rotten (1881): 161-162,164-165,210-211. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13 (seal of Henry son of King Henry II dated 1170-1182 - King, enthroned, with sceptre and orb; sides of throne terminate in animals' heads, as on the thrones on the French royal seals. Legend: HENRICVS REX ANGLOR DVX NORMANNOR ET COMES ANDEGAVOR.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "11 Jun. [Obiit] Henricus tertius, rex Anglorum."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591-594, 602. Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382-384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240-241. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224-226. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he "used style rex Anglorum... hence called by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III"). Smith English Episc. Acta 2 Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110-111. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 96-97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297-326 ("the sole associate king in English post-conquest history"). Child of Henry of England, by Margaret of France: a. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born about 19 June 1177, died 22 June 1177. Benedict of Peterborough Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 177 ("Eodem anno [1177] circa clausum Pentecosten, Margareta, guæ, at supradictum est, prægnans abiit ad regem Franciæ patrem suum, peperit filium, et vocatum eat nomen ejus Willelmus, sed infra triduum obiit Parisius ubi natus fuit; et quidam dicebant quod abortivus fuit."). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH XII der Löwe (or HENRY the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich X, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, Holy Roman Emperor], and Wilhelm [Count of Luneburg], and two daughters, Maud and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180, and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Braunschweig (or Brunswick). In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. His wife, Maud, died at Braunschweig 28 June 1189. HEINRICH OF BRAUNSCHWEIG, former Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, died 6 August 1195. He and his wife, Maud, were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69-70. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Green Lives of the Princesses of England 1 (1857): 214-262 (biog. of Matilda of England). Pertz Historici Germania sac. XII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 21) (1869): 115-116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sæc. XII. et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled "kinsman" [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Ströhl Deutsch Wappenrolle (1897): 72. Hohnstein Geschichte des Heroztums Braunschweig (1908): 91-140 (biog. of Heinrich der Löwe). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Waltz Ottonis et Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris (Monumenta Germaniæ Histories, Scriptures rerum Germanicarum 46) (1912): 350 (Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris Appendix sub A.D. 1168: "... nam inter imperatorem et regem Angliæ fedus et amicicia fuit, data filia sua in uxorem Heinrico duci Bawariæ et Saxoniæ."). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 284 (ancestry of Maud of England). Jordan Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Löwen Herzogs von Sachsen and Bayern (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Laienfürsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit) (1941): 51-53 (Gebhard I, Count of Burghausen styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich), 107-108 (Otto VI, Count Palatine of Wittelsbach, afterwards Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepos] by Duke Heinrich), 181-182 (Friedrich II, Count Palatine of Saxony, Count of Sommerschenburg styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich). Foreville L'Eglise et le Royaute en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154-1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Appelt Die Urkunden Friedrichs I. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser 10(1)) (1975): 18-19, 231-233, 347-349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [cognate/cognate] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259-260, 332-335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepotem/nepos] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364-365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [consanguine] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Gens Nostra 46 (1991): 540-541. Kegel Die Jüngere Hildesheimer Briefsammlung (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Die Briefe Der Deutschen Kaiserzeit 7) (1995): 101-102 (letter of Heinrich of Braunschweig to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188), 102-103 (Heinrich of Braunschweig styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] in letter from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Jour. Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379-393. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bayern/heinrich_12_derloewe_herzog_von_bayern_1195_welfen/heinrich_12_der loewe_herzog_von_bayern_und_sachsen_+_1195.html. Children of Maud of England, by Duke Heinrich XII der Löwe: a. OTTO OF BRUNSWICK, 3rd son. He was educated at the court of his uncle, King Richard I of England, under whose experience he gained valuable experience in war. He was appointed Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, and Earl of Yorkshire. When Emperor Henry VI died in Sept. 1197, some of the German princes under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, were anxious to find a rival to Philip, Duke of Swabia, who had been elected German king. Otto married (1st) 22 July 1212 BEATRIX OF HOHENSTAUFEN, daughter of Philip, Duke of Swabia. They had no issue. His wife, Beatrix, died 11 August 1212. He married (2nd) at Aachen 19 May 1214 MARIA OF BRABANT, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Lorraine and Brabant, Margrave of Antwerp, by his 1st wife, Machtild (or Mahaud), daughter and co-heiress of Mathieu of Flanders, Count of Boulogne [see BRABANT 5 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. OTTO IV, late Emperor, died at the Harzburg 19 May 1218, and was buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. His widow, Maria, married (2nd) in July 1220 WILHELM (or WILLEM) I, Count of Holland [see HOLLAND 5]. She died between 9 March and 14 June 1260. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 477-478 (Richard I, King of England, styled "uncle" [avunculus] in charter of Otto, Duke of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 28-29, 87-88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" [nepos] by King John of England). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 37-48 (Otto of Saxony [former Emperor Otto IV] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 57-60 (Otto [IV], late Emperor, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1228). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 290 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1218: "Otho imperator Alemanniæ, nepos Ricardi et Johannis regum obiit."). Piot Cartulaire de l'Abbeye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 199-200 (charter of Henri [II], Duke of Lorraine and Brabant dated 1240, names his "dear sister" [charissima soror], Maria, former Empress of the Romans). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 298-299 ("Eodem anno [1195] Willelmus rex Scottorum ægrotavit, in villa sua quæ dicitur Clacmanan et statuit Othonem filium Henrici ducis Saxoniæ, nepotem Ricardi regis sibi successurum in regnum Scottorum, ita quod ipse Otho filiam suam primogenitam in uxorem cum regno duceret. Et quamvis rex plures haberet qui voluntati suæ in hoc consentirent, tamen comes Patricius et alii multi contradixerunt ..."). Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sac. XII et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 385 (F Gervasii Tilleberiensis Otiis Imperialibus: William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, styled "uncle" [avunculum] of Emperor Otto IV). Doyle Official Baronage of England 3 (1886): 740 (sub York). Thatcher & McNeal Source Book for Mediæval Hist. (1905): 228 (Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" by King John of England in 1202). Hohnstein Geschichte des Herzogtams Braunschweig (1908): 141-149 (biog. of Kaiser Otto IV). Encyclopædia Britannica 20 (1911): 375 (biog. of Otto IV, Roman emperor). Nicholson Love, War & the Grail (2001). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/otto_4_deutscher_koenig_1218_welfen/otto_4_von_ braunschweig_deutscher_koeni8-+_1218.html. b. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF BRUNSWICK, born in 1172. She married (1st) in July 1189 GEOFFREY III, Count of Perche, lord of Toddington, Bedfordshire and Aldbourne and Wanborough, Wiltshire, son of Rotrou III, Count of Perche, by Mathilde, daughter of Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. They had two sons, Geoffrey and Thomas [Count of the Perche]. GEOFFREY III, Count of the Perche, died 5 April 1202. His widow, Maud, married (2nd) before 1203 (as his 1st wife) ENGUERRAND DE COUCY, seigneur of Coucy, and, in right of his wife, Count of the Perche, son and heir of Raoul de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy, by Alix, daughter of Robert I, Count of Dreux. She died in 13 Jan. 1209/10. Placitorum in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservatorum Abbrevatio (1811): 55. Rotuli litterarum patentium in turri Londinensi asservati 1201- 1216 (1834): 18 (Maud, Countess of the Perche, styled "niece" [nepti] by King John of England in 1202). Lepinois & Merlet Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres 2 (1863): 21 (charter of Maud, Countess of Perche, dated June 1202, names her late husband, Geoffrey, and her son, Thomas), 22. Herald & Genealogist 6 (1871): 241- 253 ([Maud], Countess of Perche styled "niece" [neptis] by King John, cites Rot. Normann. p. 87.). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 436-438 (J. de Pertico [Enguerrand de Coucy, Count of the Perche] styled "your kinsman" [consobrinum tuum] in letter from Pope Innocent III to King Philippe Auguste of France in 1203). Money Hist. of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11(1903): 304-305. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 374 (biog. of Geoffrey de Perche). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France: County of the Perche 1000-1226 (2002). Kathleen Thompson "Matilda, countess of the Perche (1171-1210): The expression of authority in name, style and seal" available at www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/crahm/revue/tabularia/thompson.html. iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Cæur-de-Lion or the Iionheart), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice (or Alix) of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother's inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173-4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175-77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry's death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father's orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions, including Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard's marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry's death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BERENGERE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho Vi el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard's journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, whom he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. His second Coronation was solemnised in Winchester Cathedral 17 April 1194. In October 1196 he made peace with Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, renouncing all claims to the county of Toulouse and the subject county of Rouergue; he also returned Quercy and gave the Agenais as part of the dowry for his sister Joan's marriage to Raymond. In 1199, during a minor siege at Chalus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. Following Richard's death, the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire formed part of his widow, Berengere's dower, but she did not enjoy her full tights as indicated by a papal letter to King John in 1209. In 1204 Bérengère ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thoré in Maine. She was co-heiress in 1226 to her cousin, Guillaume, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, Count of Perche. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l'Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l'Epau Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73-80. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1045-1046 (charters of Queen Bérengère of England). Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 12. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 266 (Obit. of Tintem Abbey: "Ricardus Rex Angliæ primus obiit xxvii. die Mardi"; "Berengerus et comitissa soror ejus obiit xxiij. die Decembris."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 313-314. Brequigny Table Chronologique des Diplomes, Charles, Titres et Actes Imprimés concernant l'Histoire de France 4 (1836): 357. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. Ill. the Hist. of Scotland 1(1837): xxviii-xxix (William the lion, King of Scots styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Richard I of England). Archæologia 27 (1838): 109-112. Green Letters of Royal & Ill Ladies (1846): 30-34 (two letters of Bérengère, Queen of England). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Riley Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1853): 120 (Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham, styled "our dearly beloved cousin" by King Richard I). Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21(1855): 604 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): "... Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi"). Migne Innocentii III Romani pontificis opera omnia (Patrologia Ser. Latina 215) (1855): 1538-1539. Arbois de Jubainville Hist. des Ducs et des Comtes de Champagne 5 (1863): 195, 229-230, 238. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Charles 2 (1866): 181-182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled "aunt" [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] "Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de Ella Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus."). Lalore Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Boulancoutt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: "23 Dec. - solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d'Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne"). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 39 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Richard I), 151 (Chronicon Sancti Sergii Andegavensis: death of King Richard I). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147-159. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 447 ([Blanche of Navarre], Countess of Troyes, styled "sister" [sororem] of Queen Bérengère in letter by Pope Innocent III to King John dated 1204). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13-14 (seal of King Richard I - Obverse. King enthroned: closely fitting tunic, loose surcoat with embroidered edges at neck and arms, and cloak. Open crown of three points fleury. In right hand a sword held erect; in left hand an orb topped by a cross fleur-de-lisée. Throne of elaborate pannelled work, of four stages of arcading with intervening head-mouldings, the back splayed away, and footboard enriched with carvings of quatrefoils, and a corbel on seven arches. In the field, on either side of king's head, a crescent enclosing an estoile of seven points wavy. On either side of throne a sprig of the planta genista, or broom. Legend: + RICARDVS DEI GRACIA REX ANGLORVM. Reverse. King on horseback to right. Hauberk and surcoat of mail armour, conical helmet, large broad sword, bowed shield on which a lion rampant contoume. Horse-trappings: head-gear, ornamental saddle and breast-band. Legend: + RICARDVS DVX NORMANNORVM ET AQVITANORVM ET COMES ANDEGAVORVM.). Meyer L'Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338-340, esp. lines 9392-9432 (André de Chauvigny styled "king's kinsman"). Delisle Manuscrits Latins et Français ajoutés aux Fonds des Nouvelles Acquisitions Pendant les Années 1875-1894 2 (1894): 509-510 (Calendrier of Maubuisson Abbey) ("X kal. januarii [23 Dec.]. Obiit Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 556-557 (charter of King Richard I dated 1189-1190); 2 (1897): 179-180. Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 89-90 (William the lion, King of Scotland styled "dearest cousin" by King Richard I of England in 1189), 92-93 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and cousin and liegeman" by King Richard I of England in 1194). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(2) (Recueil des Historiens de la France - Obituaires) (1902): 645 (Abbaye de Port Royal: "x. cal. [23 Dec.]. Ce jour est fait l’anniversaire de Berangarie, royne [1229], et de Blanche, contesse, et non en convent."), 655 (Abbaye de Maubuisson: "[23 Dec.]. x kal. jan. Obiit. Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Lair (Société des Archives Hist. du Maine 6) (1905): 80-81. D.N.B. 16(1909): 1022-1031 (biog. of Richard I: "... He was a stern ruler.., where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault... In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree... He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher... a man of many accomplishments"). Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: "A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale"). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 18-20 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Richard I in 1197). Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174-1328 (1965): 12-14 (William the lion, King of Scotland, styled "kinsman" by King Richard in 1189), 18-19 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and kinsman" [amico et consanguineo] by King Richard in 1194). Paget lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185-198; 23 (1997): 351-365. Bull. Inst. Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157-173. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36-37. Mitchell Berengaria, Enigmatic Queen of England (1986). King & Ridyard Law in Mediæval Life & Thought (Sewanee Mediæal Studies 5) (1990): 21-42. Williamson Kings & Queens of Britain (1991): 55-56,65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 127 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus April [6 April]. Obiit Ricardus Rex Anglie, qui dedit Boscum de Blen cum pertinentiis suis Ecclesie Christi."), 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus Apr. 16 April]. Obiit Richardus rex Angliae."). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37-53; 43 (1999): 79-89. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58,189-200. French Hist. Studies 21 (1998): 517-542. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart's Queen (1999): 23 (Queen Bérengère's "long years of widowhood" reveal "a strong, courageous woman, independent, solitary, battling against difficult political and economic circumstances, with little interest in the trappings of a courtly existence, sustained by her faith in Christ and her royalty to the See of St Peter, not afraid to assert her rights against powerful enemies, both lay and clerical."), 183 (Queen Bérengère styled "kinswoman" by King Louis IX of France). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 97,105. Online resources: www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm. Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, ___: a. PHILIP FITZ ROY (otherwise PHILIP DE COGNAC), in right of his wife, of Cognac, Merpins, and Jarnac. He married AMELIE DE COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Adémar, Count of Angouleme, did homage to him in 1194, and also after his father's death. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father's death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Bull. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de l'Ouest et des Musées de Poitiers 12 (1845): 415. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464-465 ("In the same year [A.D. 11991, Philip, bastard son of Richard, king of England, to whom the said king, his father, had given the castle and the manor of Cuinac, slew the before-named viscount of Limoges, in revenge for his father."). Comptes d'Alphonse de Poitiers (Archives Hist. du Poitou 4) (1875): 21-22 ("... Tempore domini comids Pictavensis Henrici, qui fuit rex Anglie, quittavit pater comitis Audomaris Engolismensis, in aula Pictavensi, Bardon, dominum Coignyaci, de homagio quod petebat ab ipso de Coygnyaco, et eo presente et concedente, fecit homagium dominus Coygnyaci domini comiti Pictavensi, de Cognyaco et pertinentiis; et credo quod adhuc vivunt multi qui hoc viderunt. Filius dicti domini Cognyaci fecit similiter homagium Richardo Pictavensi, de Coygnyaco et pertinentiis; quo domino Cognyaci mortuo, dedit rex Richardus comes Pictavensis dominam Amellyam unicam heredem Coygnyaci, quam habebat in ballo, ratione comitatus Pictavensis, in uxorem cuidam filio suo notho, scilicet Philippo de Coygnyaco; qua defuncta sine liberis, tenuit dictus comes Richardus dictum castrum et eum tradidit Roberto de Torniant, senescallo suo Pictavensis."). Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes 1 (1883): 271. Boissonade Quomodo Comites Engolismenses ega Reges Anglia, et Francia se Gesserint 1152- 1328 (1893). Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330. Furness I. & Death of King John (1919): 6-9. Boissonade L'Ascension, le Déclin et la Chute d'un Grand Etat Féodal du Centre-Ouest: Les Taillefer et les Lusignans (Bull. et Méms. de la Soc. Arch. et Hist. de la Charente) (1935). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 ("Philipp° f[ilio] R. Richardi"). Martin-Civat Les Seigneuties de Cognac, Jarnac et Metpins dons l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XIIe et XIIIe Siècle (Congrès des Socs. Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956). Henderson Richard Coeur de Lion (1959): 242. Shakespeare Quarterly 11 (1960): 137-146. Powicke Loss of Normandy (1961): 32-33. Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274-275. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102. Le Château Royal of Cognac (Mems./Institut d'Hist. et d'Arch. de Cognac et du Cognaçais) 2 (1972): 5. Shakespeare Studies (1976): 59-70. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126-127, 179. Debord La Soc. Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente Xe-XlIe Siècle (1984): 486-488. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 769 (sub Limoges). Evergates Feudal Soc. in Medieval France (1993): 58-59. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58. Bernard et al. Hist. du Poitou et des Pays Charentais (2001): 151. Erickson Royal Panoply: Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (2006): 46. v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 (by dispensation, they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY [see BRITTANY 6], daughter and heiress of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland [see BRITTANY 5 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1162. They had three children (see below). In 1178 he was knighted at Woodstock by his father. In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Notre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH, Earl of Chester [see CHESTER 5.i], Judge in the King's Court, 1193, Constable of Sermilly Castle, 1201-4, Constable of the Tower of Avranches, 1203, Warden of the Peak Castle and Forest, 1215, Steward of the Town and Honour of Lancaster, 1216-23, Constable of Fotheringay Castle, 1221-2, Steward of the Honour of Leicester, 1222, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, son and heir of Hugh, Earl of Chester, hereditary Vicomte of Avranches, by Bertrade, daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux, seigneur of Montfort-l'Amaury [see CHESTER 5 for his ancestry]. They had no issue. In 1196 Ranulph captured Constance en route to her 6n5li7ing negotiations with King Richard I and confined her at Benvron for at least a year. Soon after her release, she sought the annulment of their marriage which was granted in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. She married (3rd) before October 1199 (as his 1st wife) GUY DE THOUARS [see BRITTANY 6], in right of his 1st wife, Count (or Duke) of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars, by his wife, Aumur (or Aumou) [see AQUITAINE 3.ii.a for his ancestry]. They had three daughters, Alix (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond), Marguerite, and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was buried at Villeneuve. In 1202 he joined King Philippe Augustus, and his English lands were confiscated. He served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) EUSTACHE DE MAULEON, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d'Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre de Chemillé, Knt. [seigneur of Chemille, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas de Chemillé, Knt. In October 1203 he was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. In 1206 King Philippe Auguste of France granted him le Broherec, la Cornouaille, and le Pouher. GUY DE THOUARS died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) RENAUD DE MAULEVRIER. She was living in 1244. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67-68. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1333 (abstract of charter of Guy de Thouars dated 1208 naming his mother, Aumuz, and his wife, [Constance] Countess of Brittany). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1(1725): 445-461 (sub Bretagne). Morice Méms. pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 37-38, 822 (dower of Katherine of Brittany, wife of André III de Vitré), 912-913, 917, 919-920 (instances of Pierre de Chemillé styled "uncle" [avunculus] by Jean, Duke of Brittany, in 1238, 1240, 1241), 930-931 (Thomas de Chemillé styled "brother" [fratri] by Pierre de Chemillé). Morice Histoire Ecclésiastique et Civil de Bretagne 1 (1750): xvii-xviii (Counts of Penthievre ped). Banks Dormant & Extinct Baronage of England 1 (1807): 218-220. Hanshall Hut. of the County Palatine of Chester (1823): 21-23. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 325 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated 1230), 574-575 (Jerveaux Abbey - Genealogy of the Counts of Richmond). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 247-249. Extracta e Vanis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 70 ("Henricus, regis Dauid filius, comes Huntyntoune et Northumbrie vxorem duxit Adam filiam Willelmi senioris, sororis Willelmi junioris comitis de Warenna, et sororem comitis Roberti Legecesterensis, et Walranni comitis de Melent, cuius mater fait soror Rodulphi comitis de Perona, regis Francorum Ludouici consanguinea, ex qua suscepit tres inclitos filios Genuit eciam idem princeps Henricus totidem Elias ex uxore sua predicta Ada, scilicet, Adam, que lege conjugii tradita est comiti Holandie Fiorentino: secundam, Margaretam Conano duci Britannie comiti de Richmonth nuptam, ex qua genuit filiam nomine Constanciam Gaufrido, comiti Ancligauie, fratri regis Anglie Richardi Primi, disponsatam, de qua Gaufridus genuit alum nomine Arthurum, postea in mare mersum, vnam eciam filiam, Aleciam nomine, que a Petro Mauclerk concepit et peperit filium, normna Johannem, postea ducem Britannie, et aliam filiani nomine Alienoram, que cum Arthuro fratre in mare periit."). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 365-369 (re. Thouars fam.). Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbaris 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 207. Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Geoffrey). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 35 (1874): 8-9 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5 (seal of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond dated 1185 - Le duc à cheval, vêtu du haubert, coiffé d'un heaume a timbre arrondi; lance au gonfanon. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS DVX BRI Revers: Le duc à cheval, couvert d'un immense bouclier, brandissant son épée. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS COMES RICHEMVNDIE), 5-6 (undated seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond - Dame debout, coiffée en tresses, revêtue d'un sur ___ ajusté du corsage, des hanches et des bras, at recouvert d'une chape, un faucon sur le poing, en fleuron dans la main droite. [Légende:]* CONSTANCIA DVCISS … [COM]ITISSA RICH[EMUN]DIE). Ormerod Hist. of the County Palatine & City of Chester 1 (1882): 33-41. Robertson Materials for the Hist. of Thomas Becket 6 (Rolls Ser. 67) (1882): 170-174. Bull & Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Département d'Ille-et-Vilaine 17 (1885): 370-371, 371-372 (charter dated 1182-85 of Geoffrey son of King Henry, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richmond; charter granted with consent of his wife, Constance), 373 (charter dated 1183-86 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to the church of Rouen), 374- 376 (charter dated 1187 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 376-377 (charter dated 1189 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 377-378 (charter dated 1193 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Melaine of Rennes Abbey), 379-380 (charter dated 1198 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond), 380-381 (charter dated 1199 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Notre Dame près Aurai Priory), 383-384 (charter dated 1199-1201 of Guy de Thouars, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond and his wife, Constance, Duchess of Brittany to Melerai Abbey), 384-387 (foundation charter dated 1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond for Villeneuve Abbey), 387 (charter dated 1187-1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Buzai Abbey), 388-390, 391-392 (charter dated 1205 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the monks of Villeneuve), 394-397 (charter dated 1207 by Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the canons of Nantes), 397-406, 406-407 (charter dated 1212 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany), 408, 409 (charter dated 1201-13 of Guy, Duke of Brittany to the nuns of Saint-Sulpice les Rennes). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 365-366 (sub Chester); 3 (1886): 107-109 (sub Richmond). Annales Cestrienses (Lanc. & Cheshire Rec. Soc. 14) (1887): 40-41 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1188: "Rannulphus comes cestrie Cui etiam dedit Henricus rex anglie in uxorem relictam v Kl. [recte Galfridi filii sui] Cui comitissam britannie filia Alani [recte Conant] Comitis britannie nominee Constancia et toto comittatu de Richemund quam ipse comes Cestrie Rannulphus desponsavit in die Sancte Werburge virginis, id est, tertia nonas Februarii [3 Feb.] apud ..."), 46 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1200: "Rannulphus comes Cestrie desponsavit uxorem filiam Radulphi de Feugis, nomine Clementiam, relicta comitissa Britannie, nomine Constancia."). La Borderie Recueil d’Actes Inédits des Ducs et Princes de Bretagne (XIe, XIIe, XIIIe Siecles) (1888). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 378 (seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond dated 1190-1198 - Pointed oval. To the right. Standing, with tightly-fitting dress, long fur-lined cloak fastened at the throat, in the right hand a lily-flower, on the left hand a hawk with long jesses.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Gaufridus comes."). Rosenzweig Cartulaire général de Morbihan 1 (1895): 190-191 (charter of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, dated between 1182-1183). Inventaire Sommaire des Archives Départementales antérieures a 1790, Loire-Inférieure 2(2) Ser. C & D (1898): 147. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 220 (Livre d'Anniversaires des XIVe-XVe Siedes: "18 August - [Obiit] Gaufridi, comitis Britanie [1186]."). Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 531-532. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 355. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 58-70. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103-106, 371-372 (biog. of Geoffrey Fitz Roy, Count of Brittany). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 441-458. Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 195 (chart). Le Moyen Age 35 (1924-5): 63-70. Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Peds. (1925): 11 (ped. of Earls of Chester). Brunel et al. Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 2 (1943): 542. C.P. 10 (1945): 780 (chart), 794-805 (sub Richmond). Annales de Bretagne 53 (1946), 1-27. Painter Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). BIHR 50 (1977): 112-115. Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 2 (1981): 13 (seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated c.1200 - A shield of arms: a lion passant. Legend: + SIGILLVM [R]A[NVF]I COMMS CESTRIE). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as "a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler"). Hist. Research 63 (1990): 1-16. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 45-47. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany & her Fam. (1999). Everard Brittany & the Angevins (2000). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 347-360. Jones Between France & England (2003): 38-40. Wheeler & Parsons Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 101. Richard Eales, `Ranulf (HI), sixth earl of Chester and first earl of Lincoln (1170-1232)', in Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (2004). Bull & Léglu World of Eleanor of Aquitaine (2005). Guéraud Contribution a "Etude du Processus coutumier au Moyen Age (2008): 250 (charter of Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, dated after 1173 names his mother, Aumou, his wife Sibyl; his brothers, Guy, Hugues, Geoffroi, and Raymond; and his sisters, Marie and Amabil), 251 (chart), 305. Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany: a. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182-4.She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold's death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 October 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wiltshire. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 ("commonly called The Damsel of Britain"). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Green Letters of Royal & Ill. Ladies (1846): 24-27 ("The ac	of Aquitaine, Eleanor (I7150)
6028	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1133. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, at Whitsuntide 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ALIENOR) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine [see FRANCE 6] (divorced 21 March 1152), and daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Aénor, daughter of Amaury (or Aimery) I, Vicomte of Châtellerault [see AQUITAINE 4 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud [Abbess of Barking]. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen's heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the "Angevin empire" (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. In 1158 he confirmed a treaty with King Louis VII of France involving the marriage of Henry's son to the French king's daughter. In the summer of 1159 he launched an unsuccessful expedition against Toulouse, which he claimed as Duke of Aquitaine. His reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connacht, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king's bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Poitiers (Vienne), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried in the church of the Abbey of Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire). Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1st marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France [see FRANCE 6], namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes) [see BLOIS 4] and Alix of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France [see WYDEVILLE 4]. References: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20 (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules at de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France, etc.); 13 (1869): 308 i (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703,708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines); 19 (1880): 336-337. Schwennicke Europæische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquataine: Lord & Lady (2003). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59-72. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1128 (Agnes de Barbezillo styled "aunt" famital of Queen Eleanor [of Aquitaine), wife of King Louis WI of France). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 17 (Kalendar of Obits: "II Non. Julius [6 July]. Obitus Henrici Regis Anglie, filie Matildis."). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1725): 76-77. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7-10, 10-12 (will of King Henry II). L'Art de Vérifier les Dates 2 (1784): 348-365 (sub Comtes de Poitiers, Ducs de Aquitaine). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1786): 190 (Ex Radulfi de Diceto: Ralph de Fay styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1 (1) (1816): 81-82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William [Fitz Roy], 4th Earl of Surrey (or Warenne), styled "kinsman" [cognati] by King Henry II). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1-4 (will of King Henry II of England). Gray Scalacronica (1836): 278 (Ermengarde de Beaumont, wife of William the Lion, King of Scots styled "cousin" [cosyn] of King Henry II of England). Historiæ Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (Surtees Soc. 9) (1839): Appendix, pg. 1, charter no. xixii (Hugh [du Puiset], Bishop of Durham, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 304-378 (biog. of Eleanora of Aquitaine). Pertz Chronica et Annales ævi Salui (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 6) (1844): (Roberti de Monte Cronica [Robert de Torigni]): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled "aunt" [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled "kinsman" [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled "kinsman" on the part of King Henry II's mother, Empress Maud), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "kinsman" [cognate]; Earl Hugh's wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Evreux "kinswoman" [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II's father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinsman" [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [cognate]); 27(1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinswoman" by King Henry II). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851) 18-19. Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 245 (Annals of Waverley sub AD. 1188 - Baldwin [de Revers], Earl of Cornwall, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry II). Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 372 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars styled "your cousin and our's" [votre cousin et au notre] by queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in letter to her son, King John dated 1200-1201; also see Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chattes 32 (1871): 412-413). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 33 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Henry II), 46 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of King Henry II). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled "kinsman" of King Henry II; see Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 83, footnote 1). Grasilier Cartulaires Inédits de la Saintonge 2: Cartulaire de l'Abbaye Royale de Notre-Dame de Saintes (1871): 13-16, 19-21, 35-36, 36 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France dated 1151 names her "sister” [sororis], Aelith), 37, 51 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France, dated 1140 names her "aunt" [amite], Agnes [de Barbezieux], Abbess of Saintes; charter witnessed by Aelith, "sister" [sorore] of Queen Eleanor), 52, 78. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 192 (birth of King Henry II); 2 (1873): 7 (sub A.D. 1168: Mathieu, Count of Boulogne, styled "kinsman" [cognatum] of King Henry II of England). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Set.) (1874): 285 (Ralph de Pale styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Montzey Hist. de is Fliche 1 (1877): 137-146. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 426, 439 (Chron. of Geoffrey Vosiensis: Sarah daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall and wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] of King Henry II of England). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 15 (1878): 767-768 (P[etrus Raimundi], Abbot of Saint Maxent, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in letters dated 1161). Eyton Court, Household & Intinerary of King Henry II (1878): 8 (Henry [de Sully], Abbot of Fécamp, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Stubbs Hist. Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1879): 93 (birth of King Henry II), 140-141 (David I, King of Scots, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] of King Henry II of England). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). Bain Cal. Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15-17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of Queen Eleanor). Hart Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia 1 (1884): 106 (Silvio de Cresto styled "queen's kinsman" [nepoti Regina]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 10-13 (seal of King Henry II - Obverse. King enthroned, holding sword and orb; generally ressembling the obverse of seals of Henry I. and Stephen, but with differences in arches on front of throne, and in the various proportions. Legend: + HENRICVS DEI • G[RATIA] • REX ANGLORUM. Four small points in cross placed as a stop between the words. Reverse. King on a horse to the right; hauberk, continuous coif, and chausses of chain-mail, here represented by rings. Conical helmet with nasal. Shield secured by strap passing round king's neck, and fastened by a ring into inner surface of leather. In right hand a long sword; in left hand the short strap of shield and reins. Horse's head-gear composed of chain-work. Legend: + HENR : DEI : GRA : DVX : NORM: [ ] ET : AQVIT : ET: COM : ANDEG.). Christie Annales Cestrienses (1887): 29-35 (Bertrade of Evreux, wife of Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "cousin" of King Henry II in chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164-1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled "kinswoman" [cognate] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). Gross Gild Merchant 2 (1890): 28-29 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem 1(1894): 108, 125-128, 180-181, 312, 470-471, 480-482, 519, 527, 567-568; 2 (1897): 18-19. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "7 Jul. [Obiit] Henricus secundus, rex Anglorum."). Archives Hist. de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6-7 (charter of Eleanor). Beauchet-Filleau Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des Families du Poitou 2 (1895): 320 ("L'obituaire de Fontevrault place son décès le jour des ides de janvier. Dnus Radulfus princeps de Faia, avunculus Dnæ Alienordis Reginae. (bat. 54802 89.)) (author identifies Ralph de Fay as son of Aimery I, Vicomte of Châtellerault). Wigram Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford 2 (1896): 116 (Empress Maud styled "sister" [soror] and her son, Henry [afterwards King Henry II of England] styled "nephew" [nepos] by Robert Fitz Roy, Earl of Gloucester in charter dated c.1142). Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Andre de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England, and her son, King John, in letter dated 1199). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 69 (grant by King Henry II dated 1186-9). Broussillon Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers 2 (1903): 84 (Raoul [de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "dearest kinsman" [charissimus cognatus] in letter by King Henry II of England). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78-93; 42 (1927): 569-572; 74 (1959): 193-213; 110 (1995): 652-655. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 104-105 (Mary, Abbess of Romsey, styled "kinswoman" [cognata/cognatam] by King Henry II). Jeayes Desc. Cat. Derbyshire Charters (1906): 244 (Maud [of Gloucester], Countess of Chester, styled "kinswoman" [cognata] by King Henry II in charter dated ?1175). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593-596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452-463 (biog. of Henry II: "... his nature was full of passion... [he] was a great builder... Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign... probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day... genius for government"). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie (1909): 352-354 (biog. of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England: "Un des recueils de Gaignières (ms. latin 5419, p. 80) nous a conservé l'image de sceau dont elle continua a se servir pendant son veuvage. C'est un long sceau allongé et pointu sot lequel elle est représentée debout, tenant on oiseau sur la main gauche; il ne subsistait que la dernière partie de la légende: NORMANORVM DUCISSA ET ANDEGAVIE COMITISSA. Il y a aux Auxives nationales, attaché a one charte de l'année 1199, on exemplaire mutile de ce même sceau."). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184-1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 ([Maud de Bohun], wife of Juhel de Mayenne, styled "neptis Regis" [kinswoman of King Henry II]). Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled "king's kinsman" in 1188), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see also Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; Round Cal Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II; see also Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1846): 142; Méms. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de Picardie 47 (1936): 182-184 (Eustache's mother named in charter as Isabel); Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XIe-XIIIe Siècle) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l'Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191-192 (Eustache named in charter as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavene, Count of Saint-Pol)]. Delisle & Berger Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre, Duc de Normandie 3 (1927): 136 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), ([Raoul de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Chartrou-Charbonnel L'Anjou de 1109 à 1151: Foulque de Jérusalem et Geoffroi Plantegenêt (1928). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 253 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Speculum 30 (1955): 374-384. Boussard Le Gouvernement d'Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32-33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153-156. Genealogists' Mag. 14 (1964): 361-368. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154 3 (1968). Charles Evans "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany," in Mélanges Offerts à Szaboles de Vajay à l'Occasion de Son Cinquitième Anniversaire (1971): 187-191 (Margery [de Bohun], wife of Pedro Manrique, Count of Lara, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II). Warren Henry II (1973): 216 (Roger [of Gloucester], Bishop of Worcester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II, cites William FitzStephen, III, 103-106). Kibler Eleanor of Aquitaine, Patron & Politcian (1976). Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14-15. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420-1920) (1977): 188-189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3(4) (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 2 (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II] later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Hanna Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89-90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321-336. Tyerman England & the Crusades 1095-1588 (1988): 48 ([Baldwin IV], King of Jerusalem, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II). Williamson Kings & Oueens of Britain (1991): 52-55 (biog. of Henry II:"... a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined.., well-grounded in law and history... undoubtedly a great king"), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Amt Accession of Henry II in England (1993). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "3 Kal. [Apr.] [30 March]. [Obiit] Alienor regina Anglie."). Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Church Medieval Knighthood V. Papers from the 66 Strawberry Hill Conf. 1994 (1995): 68. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Viator 27 (1996): 53 et seq. Vincent et al. Acta of Henry II & Richard 12 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67-69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled "king's kinsman'). Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England (1999). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Anglo-Norman Studies 23 (2001): 143-154. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Hanna Christchurch Priory Cartulary (Hampshire Rec. Ser. 18) (2007): 124 (Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II in charter dated 1154-71). Harper-Bill Henry II: New Interpretations (2007). Hosier Henry II (2007): 54. Cornwall Rec. Office: Arundell of Lanherne & Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert [Fitz Count], son of [Robert Fitz Roy], Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Online resource: The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm). Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153. He died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about 25 Dec. 1156, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65-66. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 434-435 (undated charter of King Henry II dated at Reading to Hurley Priory, Berkshire made for the health of the souls of his late son, William, and his grandfather, King Henry I). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Matthew of Paris Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum 1 (Rolls Set. 44) (1866): 307 (sub A.D. 1157: "In Adventu autem infirmatus Willelmus, primogenitus regis Henrici, obiit, diebus hujus anni scilicet Nataliciis; under dissentio est, utrum hoc vel anno praeterito obierit. Sepultus est autem apud Radingum."). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of William). Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34 (sub A.D. 1156: "Obiit Guillermus, primogenitus filius Henrici regis Anglorum, et sepultus est Radingis ad pedes Henrici regis, proavi sui."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hirst. (1872). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled "the Young King"), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or is Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. They had one son, William. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173-74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) BELA III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama [see HUNGARY 8], son of Geza II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama, by his wife, Euphrosine, daughter of Mstislav II the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. He was born about 1148. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following the death of her husband, Bela III, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66-67. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam of England (1851): 18-19. Douet-D'Arcq Historiques et Critiques sur les Anciens Comtes de Beaumont-sur-Oise (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie: Docs. Inédits 4) (1855): 50-51 (Henry the Young King of England styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Eleanor de Vermandois, Countess of Beaumont in charter dated 1184). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of Henry), 41-45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Henry). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: "Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo matito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit."). Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): iv (rare charter of Young Henry dated c.1170, in which he uses the style "rex Angliæ et Dux Normanniæ et Comes Andegaviæ, Regis Henrici filius"). Deville Tornbeaux de la Cathédral de Rotten (1881): 161-162,164-165,210-211. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13 (seal of Henry son of King Henry II dated 1170-1182 - King, enthroned, with sceptre and orb; sides of throne terminate in animals' heads, as on the thrones on the French royal seals. Legend: HENRICVS REX ANGLOR DVX NORMANNOR ET COMES ANDEGAVOR.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "11 Jun. [Obiit] Henricus tertius, rex Anglorum."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591-594, 602. Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382-384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240-241. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224-226. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he "used style rex Anglorum... hence called by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III"). Smith English Episc. Acta 2 Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110-111. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 96-97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297-326 ("the sole associate king in English post-conquest history"). Child of Henry of England, by Margaret of France: a. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born about 19 June 1177, died 22 June 1177. Benedict of Peterborough Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 177 ("Eodem anno [1177] circa clausum Pentecosten, Margareta, guæ, at supradictum est, prægnans abiit ad regem Franciæ patrem suum, peperit filium, et vocatum eat nomen ejus Willelmus, sed infra triduum obiit Parisius ubi natus fuit; et quidam dicebant quod abortivus fuit."). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH XII der Löwe (or HENRY the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich X, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, Holy Roman Emperor], and Wilhelm [Count of Luneburg], and two daughters, Maud and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180, and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Braunschweig (or Brunswick). In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. His wife, Maud, died at Braunschweig 28 June 1189. HEINRICH OF BRAUNSCHWEIG, former Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, died 6 August 1195. He and his wife, Maud, were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69-70. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Green Lives of the Princesses of England 1 (1857): 214-262 (biog. of Matilda of England). Pertz Historici Germania sac. XII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 21) (1869): 115-116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sæc. XII. et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled "kinsman" [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Ströhl Deutsch Wappenrolle (1897): 72. Hohnstein Geschichte des Heroztums Braunschweig (1908): 91-140 (biog. of Heinrich der Löwe). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Waltz Ottonis et Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris (Monumenta Germaniæ Histories, Scriptures rerum Germanicarum 46) (1912): 350 (Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris Appendix sub A.D. 1168: "... nam inter imperatorem et regem Angliæ fedus et amicicia fuit, data filia sua in uxorem Heinrico duci Bawariæ et Saxoniæ."). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 284 (ancestry of Maud of England). Jordan Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Löwen Herzogs von Sachsen and Bayern (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Laienfürsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit) (1941): 51-53 (Gebhard I, Count of Burghausen styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich), 107-108 (Otto VI, Count Palatine of Wittelsbach, afterwards Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepos] by Duke Heinrich), 181-182 (Friedrich II, Count Palatine of Saxony, Count of Sommerschenburg styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich). Foreville L'Eglise et le Royaute en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154-1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Appelt Die Urkunden Friedrichs I. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser 10(1)) (1975): 18-19, 231-233, 347-349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [cognate/cognate] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259-260, 332-335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepotem/nepos] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364-365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [consanguine] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Gens Nostra 46 (1991): 540-541. Kegel Die Jüngere Hildesheimer Briefsammlung (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Die Briefe Der Deutschen Kaiserzeit 7) (1995): 101-102 (letter of Heinrich of Braunschweig to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188), 102-103 (Heinrich of Braunschweig styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] in letter from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Jour. Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379-393. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bayern/heinrich_12_derloewe_herzog_von_bayern_1195_welfen/heinrich_12_der loewe_herzog_von_bayern_und_sachsen_+_1195.html. Children of Maud of England, by Duke Heinrich XII der Löwe: a. OTTO OF BRUNSWICK, 3rd son. He was educated at the court of his uncle, King Richard I of England, under whose experience he gained valuable experience in war. He was appointed Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, and Earl of Yorkshire. When Emperor Henry VI died in Sept. 1197, some of the German princes under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, were anxious to find a rival to Philip, Duke of Swabia, who had been elected German king. Otto married (1st) 22 July 1212 BEATRIX OF HOHENSTAUFEN, daughter of Philip, Duke of Swabia. They had no issue. His wife, Beatrix, died 11 August 1212. He married (2nd) at Aachen 19 May 1214 MARIA OF BRABANT, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Lorraine and Brabant, Margrave of Antwerp, by his 1st wife, Machtild (or Mahaud), daughter and co-heiress of Mathieu of Flanders, Count of Boulogne [see BRABANT 5 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. OTTO IV, late Emperor, died at the Harzburg 19 May 1218, and was buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. His widow, Maria, married (2nd) in July 1220 WILHELM (or WILLEM) I, Count of Holland [see HOLLAND 5]. She died between 9 March and 14 June 1260. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 477-478 (Richard I, King of England, styled "uncle" [avunculus] in charter of Otto, Duke of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 28-29, 87-88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" [nepos] by King John of England). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 37-48 (Otto of Saxony [former Emperor Otto IV] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 57-60 (Otto [IV], late Emperor, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1228). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 290 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1218: "Otho imperator Alemanniæ, nepos Ricardi et Johannis regum obiit."). Piot Cartulaire de l'Abbeye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 199-200 (charter of Henri [II], Duke of Lorraine and Brabant dated 1240, names his "dear sister" [charissima soror], Maria, former Empress of the Romans). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 298-299 ("Eodem anno [1195] Willelmus rex Scottorum ægrotavit, in villa sua quæ dicitur Clacmanan et statuit Othonem filium Henrici ducis Saxoniæ, nepotem Ricardi regis sibi successurum in regnum Scottorum, ita quod ipse Otho filiam suam primogenitam in uxorem cum regno duceret. Et quamvis rex plures haberet qui voluntati suæ in hoc consentirent, tamen comes Patricius et alii multi contradixerunt ..."). Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sac. XII et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 385 (F Gervasii Tilleberiensis Otiis Imperialibus: William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, styled "uncle" [avunculum] of Emperor Otto IV). Doyle Official Baronage of England 3 (1886): 740 (sub York). Thatcher & McNeal Source Book for Mediæval Hist. (1905): 228 (Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" by King John of England in 1202). Hohnstein Geschichte des Herzogtams Braunschweig (1908): 141-149 (biog. of Kaiser Otto IV). Encyclopædia Britannica 20 (1911): 375 (biog. of Otto IV, Roman emperor). Nicholson Love, War & the Grail (2001). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/otto_4_deutscher_koenig_1218_welfen/otto_4_von_ braunschweig_deutscher_koeni8-+_1218.html. b. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF BRUNSWICK, born in 1172. She married (1st) in July 1189 GEOFFREY III, Count of Perche, lord of Toddington, Bedfordshire and Aldbourne and Wanborough, Wiltshire, son of Rotrou III, Count of Perche, by Mathilde, daughter of Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. They had two sons, Geoffrey and Thomas [Count of the Perche]. GEOFFREY III, Count of the Perche, died 5 April 1202. His widow, Maud, married (2nd) before 1203 (as his 1st wife) ENGUERRAND DE COUCY, seigneur of Coucy, and, in right of his wife, Count of the Perche, son and heir of Raoul de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy, by Alix, daughter of Robert I, Count of Dreux. She died in 13 Jan. 1209/10. Placitorum in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservatorum Abbrevatio (1811): 55. Rotuli litterarum patentium in turri Londinensi asservati 1201- 1216 (1834): 18 (Maud, Countess of the Perche, styled "niece" [nepti] by King John of England in 1202). Lepinois & Merlet Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres 2 (1863): 21 (charter of Maud, Countess of Perche, dated June 1202, names her late husband, Geoffrey, and her son, Thomas), 22. Herald & Genealogist 6 (1871): 241- 253 ([Maud], Countess of Perche styled "niece" [neptis] by King John, cites Rot. Normann. p. 87.). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 436-438 (J. de Pertico [Enguerrand de Coucy, Count of the Perche] styled "your kinsman" [consobrinum tuum] in letter from Pope Innocent III to King Philippe Auguste of France in 1203). Money Hist. of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11(1903): 304-305. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 374 (biog. of Geoffrey de Perche). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France: County of the Perche 1000-1226 (2002). Kathleen Thompson "Matilda, countess of the Perche (1171-1210): The expression of authority in name, style and seal" available at www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/crahm/revue/tabularia/thompson.html. iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Cæur-de-Lion or the Iionheart), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice (or Alix) of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother's inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173-4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175-77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry's death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father's orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions, including Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard's marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry's death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BERENGERE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho Vi el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard's journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, whom he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. His second Coronation was solemnised in Winchester Cathedral 17 April 1194. In October 1196 he made peace with Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, renouncing all claims to the county of Toulouse and the subject county of Rouergue; he also returned Quercy and gave the Agenais as part of the dowry for his sister Joan's marriage to Raymond. In 1199, during a minor siege at Chalus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. Following Richard's death, the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire formed part of his widow, Berengere's dower, but she did not enjoy her full tights as indicated by a papal letter to King John in 1209. In 1204 Bérengère ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thoré in Maine. She was co-heiress in 1226 to her cousin, Guillaume, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, Count of Perche. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l'Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l'Epau Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73-80. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1045-1046 (charters of Queen Bérengère of England). Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 12. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 266 (Obit. of Tintem Abbey: "Ricardus Rex Angliæ primus obiit xxvii. die Mardi"; "Berengerus et comitissa soror ejus obiit xxiij. die Decembris."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 313-314. Brequigny Table Chronologique des Diplomes, Charles, Titres et Actes Imprimés concernant l'Histoire de France 4 (1836): 357. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. Ill. the Hist. of Scotland 1(1837): xxviii-xxix (William the lion, King of Scots styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Richard I of England). Archæologia 27 (1838): 109-112. Green Letters of Royal & Ill Ladies (1846): 30-34 (two letters of Bérengère, Queen of England). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Riley Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1853): 120 (Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham, styled "our dearly beloved cousin" by King Richard I). Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21(1855): 604 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): "... Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi"). Migne Innocentii III Romani pontificis opera omnia (Patrologia Ser. Latina 215) (1855): 1538-1539. Arbois de Jubainville Hist. des Ducs et des Comtes de Champagne 5 (1863): 195, 229-230, 238. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Charles 2 (1866): 181-182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled "aunt" [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] "Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de Ella Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus."). Lalore Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Boulancoutt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: "23 Dec. - solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d'Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne"). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 39 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Richard I), 151 (Chronicon Sancti Sergii Andegavensis: death of King Richard I). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147-159. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 447 ([Blanche of Navarre], Countess of Troyes, styled "sister" [sororem] of Queen Bérengère in letter by Pope Innocent III to King John dated 1204). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13-14 (seal of King Richard I - Obverse. King enthroned: closely fitting tunic, loose surcoat with embroidered edges at neck and arms, and cloak. Open crown of three points fleury. In right hand a sword held erect; in left hand an orb topped by a cross fleur-de-lisée. Throne of elaborate pannelled work, of four stages of arcading with intervening head-mouldings, the back splayed away, and footboard enriched with carvings of quatrefoils, and a corbel on seven arches. In the field, on either side of king's head, a crescent enclosing an estoile of seven points wavy. On either side of throne a sprig of the planta genista, or broom. Legend: + RICARDVS DEI GRACIA REX ANGLORVM. Reverse. King on horseback to right. Hauberk and surcoat of mail armour, conical helmet, large broad sword, bowed shield on which a lion rampant contoume. Horse-trappings: head-gear, ornamental saddle and breast-band. Legend: + RICARDVS DVX NORMANNORVM ET AQVITANORVM ET COMES ANDEGAVORVM.). Meyer L'Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338-340, esp. lines 9392-9432 (André de Chauvigny styled "king's kinsman"). Delisle Manuscrits Latins et Français ajoutés aux Fonds des Nouvelles Acquisitions Pendant les Années 1875-1894 2 (1894): 509-510 (Calendrier of Maubuisson Abbey) ("X kal. januarii [23 Dec.]. Obiit Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 556-557 (charter of King Richard I dated 1189-1190); 2 (1897): 179-180. Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 89-90 (William the lion, King of Scotland styled "dearest cousin" by King Richard I of England in 1189), 92-93 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and cousin and liegeman" by King Richard I of England in 1194). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(2) (Recueil des Historiens de la France - Obituaires) (1902): 645 (Abbaye de Port Royal: "x. cal. [23 Dec.]. Ce jour est fait l’anniversaire de Berangarie, royne [1229], et de Blanche, contesse, et non en convent."), 655 (Abbaye de Maubuisson: "[23 Dec.]. x kal. jan. Obiit. Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Lair (Société des Archives Hist. du Maine 6) (1905): 80-81. D.N.B. 16(1909): 1022-1031 (biog. of Richard I: "... He was a stern ruler.., where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault... In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree... He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher... a man of many accomplishments"). Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: "A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale"). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 18-20 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Richard I in 1197). Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174-1328 (1965): 12-14 (William the lion, King of Scotland, styled "kinsman" by King Richard in 1189), 18-19 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and kinsman" [amico et consanguineo] by King Richard in 1194). Paget lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185-198; 23 (1997): 351-365. Bull. Inst. Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157-173. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36-37. Mitchell Berengaria, Enigmatic Queen of England (1986). King & Ridyard Law in Mediæval Life & Thought (Sewanee Mediæal Studies 5) (1990): 21-42. Williamson Kings & Queens of Britain (1991): 55-56,65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 127 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus April [6 April]. Obiit Ricardus Rex Anglie, qui dedit Boscum de Blen cum pertinentiis suis Ecclesie Christi."), 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus Apr. 16 April]. Obiit Richardus rex Angliae."). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37-53; 43 (1999): 79-89. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58,189-200. French Hist. Studies 21 (1998): 517-542. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart's Queen (1999): 23 (Queen Bérengère's "long years of widowhood" reveal "a strong, courageous woman, independent, solitary, battling against difficult political and economic circumstances, with little interest in the trappings of a courtly existence, sustained by her faith in Christ and her royalty to the See of St Peter, not afraid to assert her rights against powerful enemies, both lay and clerical."), 183 (Queen Bérengère styled "kinswoman" by King Louis IX of France). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 97,105. Online resources: www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm. Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, ___: a. PHILIP FITZ ROY (otherwise PHILIP DE COGNAC), in right of his wife, of Cognac, Merpins, and Jarnac. He married AMELIE DE COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Adémar, Count of Angouleme, did homage to him in 1194, and also after his father's death. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father's death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Bull. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de l'Ouest et des Musées de Poitiers 12 (1845): 415. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464-465 ("In the same year [A.D. 11991, Philip, bastard son of Richard, king of England, to whom the said king, his father, had given the castle and the manor of Cuinac, slew the before-named viscount of Limoges, in revenge for his father."). Comptes d'Alphonse de Poitiers (Archives Hist. du Poitou 4) (1875): 21-22 ("... Tempore domini comids Pictavensis Henrici, qui fuit rex Anglie, quittavit pater comitis Audomaris Engolismensis, in aula Pictavensi, Bardon, dominum Coignyaci, de homagio quod petebat ab ipso de Coygnyaco, et eo presente et concedente, fecit homagium dominus Coygnyaci domini comiti Pictavensi, de Cognyaco et pertinentiis; et credo quod adhuc vivunt multi qui hoc viderunt. Filius dicti domini Cognyaci fecit similiter homagium Richardo Pictavensi, de Coygnyaco et pertinentiis; quo domino Cognyaci mortuo, dedit rex Richardus comes Pictavensis dominam Amellyam unicam heredem Coygnyaci, quam habebat in ballo, ratione comitatus Pictavensis, in uxorem cuidam filio suo notho, scilicet Philippo de Coygnyaco; qua defuncta sine liberis, tenuit dictus comes Richardus dictum castrum et eum tradidit Roberto de Torniant, senescallo suo Pictavensis."). Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes 1 (1883): 271. Boissonade Quomodo Comites Engolismenses ega Reges Anglia, et Francia se Gesserint 1152- 1328 (1893). Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330. Furness I. & Death of King John (1919): 6-9. Boissonade L'Ascension, le Déclin et la Chute d'un Grand Etat Féodal du Centre-Ouest: Les Taillefer et les Lusignans (Bull. et Méms. de la Soc. Arch. et Hist. de la Charente) (1935). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 ("Philipp° f[ilio] R. Richardi"). Martin-Civat Les Seigneuties de Cognac, Jarnac et Metpins dons l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XIIe et XIIIe Siècle (Congrès des Socs. Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956). Henderson Richard Coeur de Lion (1959): 242. Shakespeare Quarterly 11 (1960): 137-146. Powicke Loss of Normandy (1961): 32-33. Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274-275. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102. Le Château Royal of Cognac (Mems./Institut d'Hist. et d'Arch. de Cognac et du Cognaçais) 2 (1972): 5. Shakespeare Studies (1976): 59-70. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126-127, 179. Debord La Soc. Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente Xe-XlIe Siècle (1984): 486-488. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 769 (sub Limoges). Evergates Feudal Soc. in Medieval France (1993): 58-59. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58. Bernard et al. Hist. du Poitou et des Pays Charentais (2001): 151. Erickson Royal Panoply: Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (2006): 46. v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 (by dispensation, they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY [see BRITTANY 6], daughter and heiress of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland [see BRITTANY 5 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1162. They had three children (see below). In 1178 he was knighted at Woodstock by his father. In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Notre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH, Earl of Chester [see CHESTER 5.i], Judge in the King's Court, 1193, Constable of Sermilly Castle, 1201-4, Constable of the Tower of Avranches, 1203, Warden of the Peak Castle and Forest, 1215, Steward of the Town and Honour of Lancaster, 1216-23, Constable of Fotheringay Castle, 1221-2, Steward of the Honour of Leicester, 1222, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, son and heir of Hugh, Earl of Chester, hereditary Vicomte of Avranches, by Bertrade, daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux, seigneur of Montfort-l'Amaury [see CHESTER 5 for his ancestry]. They had no issue. In 1196 Ranulph captured Constance en route to her 6n5li7ing negotiations with King Richard I and confined her at Benvron for at least a year. Soon after her release, she sought the annulment of their marriage which was granted in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. She married (3rd) before October 1199 (as his 1st wife) GUY DE THOUARS [see BRITTANY 6], in right of his 1st wife, Count (or Duke) of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars, by his wife, Aumur (or Aumou) [see AQUITAINE 3.ii.a for his ancestry]. They had three daughters, Alix (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond), Marguerite, and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was buried at Villeneuve. In 1202 he joined King Philippe Augustus, and his English lands were confiscated. He served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) EUSTACHE DE MAULEON, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d'Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre de Chemillé, Knt. [seigneur of Chemille, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas de Chemillé, Knt. In October 1203 he was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. In 1206 King Philippe Auguste of France granted him le Broherec, la Cornouaille, and le Pouher. GUY DE THOUARS died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) RENAUD DE MAULEVRIER. She was living in 1244. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67-68. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1333 (abstract of charter of Guy de Thouars dated 1208 naming his mother, Aumuz, and his wife, [Constance] Countess of Brittany). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1(1725): 445-461 (sub Bretagne). Morice Méms. pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 37-38, 822 (dower of Katherine of Brittany, wife of André III de Vitré), 912-913, 917, 919-920 (instances of Pierre de Chemillé styled "uncle" [avunculus] by Jean, Duke of Brittany, in 1238, 1240, 1241), 930-931 (Thomas de Chemillé styled "brother" [fratri] by Pierre de Chemillé). Morice Histoire Ecclésiastique et Civil de Bretagne 1 (1750): xvii-xviii (Counts of Penthievre ped). Banks Dormant & Extinct Baronage of England 1 (1807): 218-220. Hanshall Hut. of the County Palatine of Chester (1823): 21-23. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 325 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated 1230), 574-575 (Jerveaux Abbey - Genealogy of the Counts of Richmond). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 247-249. Extracta e Vanis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 70 ("Henricus, regis Dauid filius, comes Huntyntoune et Northumbrie vxorem duxit Adam filiam Willelmi senioris, sororis Willelmi junioris comitis de Warenna, et sororem comitis Roberti Legecesterensis, et Walranni comitis de Melent, cuius mater fait soror Rodulphi comitis de Perona, regis Francorum Ludouici consanguinea, ex qua suscepit tres inclitos filios Genuit eciam idem princeps Henricus totidem Elias ex uxore sua predicta Ada, scilicet, Adam, que lege conjugii tradita est comiti Holandie Fiorentino: secundam, Margaretam Conano duci Britannie comiti de Richmonth nuptam, ex qua genuit filiam nomine Constanciam Gaufrido, comiti Ancligauie, fratri regis Anglie Richardi Primi, disponsatam, de qua Gaufridus genuit alum nomine Arthurum, postea in mare mersum, vnam eciam filiam, Aleciam nomine, que a Petro Mauclerk concepit et peperit filium, normna Johannem, postea ducem Britannie, et aliam filiani nomine Alienoram, que cum Arthuro fratre in mare periit."). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 365-369 (re. Thouars fam.). Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbaris 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 207. Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Geoffrey). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 35 (1874): 8-9 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5 (seal of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond dated 1185 - Le duc à cheval, vêtu du haubert, coiffé d'un heaume a timbre arrondi; lance au gonfanon. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS DVX BRI Revers: Le duc à cheval, couvert d'un immense bouclier, brandissant son épée. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS COMES RICHEMVNDIE), 5-6 (undated seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond - Dame debout, coiffée en tresses, revêtue d'un sur ___ ajusté du corsage, des hanches et des bras, at recouvert d'une chape, un faucon sur le poing, en fleuron dans la main droite. [Légende:]* CONSTANCIA DVCISS … [COM]ITISSA RICH[EMUN]DIE). Ormerod Hist. of the County Palatine & City of Chester 1 (1882): 33-41. Robertson Materials for the Hist. of Thomas Becket 6 (Rolls Ser. 67) (1882): 170-174. Bull & Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Département d'Ille-et-Vilaine 17 (1885): 370-371, 371-372 (charter dated 1182-85 of Geoffrey son of King Henry, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richmond; charter granted with consent of his wife, Constance), 373 (charter dated 1183-86 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to the church of Rouen), 374- 376 (charter dated 1187 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 376-377 (charter dated 1189 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 377-378 (charter dated 1193 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Melaine of Rennes Abbey), 379-380 (charter dated 1198 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond), 380-381 (charter dated 1199 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Notre Dame près Aurai Priory), 383-384 (charter dated 1199-1201 of Guy de Thouars, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond and his wife, Constance, Duchess of Brittany to Melerai Abbey), 384-387 (foundation charter dated 1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond for Villeneuve Abbey), 387 (charter dated 1187-1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Buzai Abbey), 388-390, 391-392 (charter dated 1205 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the monks of Villeneuve), 394-397 (charter dated 1207 by Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the canons of Nantes), 397-406, 406-407 (charter dated 1212 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany), 408, 409 (charter dated 1201-13 of Guy, Duke of Brittany to the nuns of Saint-Sulpice les Rennes). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 365-366 (sub Chester); 3 (1886): 107-109 (sub Richmond). Annales Cestrienses (Lanc. & Cheshire Rec. Soc. 14) (1887): 40-41 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1188: "Rannulphus comes cestrie Cui etiam dedit Henricus rex anglie in uxorem relictam v Kl. [recte Galfridi filii sui] Cui comitissam britannie filia Alani [recte Conant] Comitis britannie nominee Constancia et toto comittatu de Richemund quam ipse comes Cestrie Rannulphus desponsavit in die Sancte Werburge virginis, id est, tertia nonas Februarii [3 Feb.] apud ..."), 46 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1200: "Rannulphus comes Cestrie desponsavit uxorem filiam Radulphi de Feugis, nomine Clementiam, relicta comitissa Britannie, nomine Constancia."). La Borderie Recueil d’Actes Inédits des Ducs et Princes de Bretagne (XIe, XIIe, XIIIe Siecles) (1888). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 378 (seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond dated 1190-1198 - Pointed oval. To the right. Standing, with tightly-fitting dress, long fur-lined cloak fastened at the throat, in the right hand a lily-flower, on the left hand a hawk with long jesses.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Gaufridus comes."). Rosenzweig Cartulaire général de Morbihan 1 (1895): 190-191 (charter of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, dated between 1182-1183). Inventaire Sommaire des Archives Départementales antérieures a 1790, Loire-Inférieure 2(2) Ser. C & D (1898): 147. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 220 (Livre d'Anniversaires des XIVe-XVe Siedes: "18 August - [Obiit] Gaufridi, comitis Britanie [1186]."). Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 531-532. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 355. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 58-70. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103-106, 371-372 (biog. of Geoffrey Fitz Roy, Count of Brittany). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 441-458. Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 195 (chart). Le Moyen Age 35 (1924-5): 63-70. Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Peds. (1925): 11 (ped. of Earls of Chester). Brunel et al. Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 2 (1943): 542. C.P. 10 (1945): 780 (chart), 794-805 (sub Richmond). Annales de Bretagne 53 (1946), 1-27. Painter Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). BIHR 50 (1977): 112-115. Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 2 (1981): 13 (seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated c.1200 - A shield of arms: a lion passant. Legend: + SIGILLVM [R]A[NVF]I COMMS CESTRIE). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as "a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler"). Hist. Research 63 (1990): 1-16. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 45-47. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany & her Fam. (1999). Everard Brittany & the Angevins (2000). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 347-360. Jones Between France & England (2003): 38-40. Wheeler & Parsons Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 101. Richard Eales, `Ranulf (HI), sixth earl of Chester and first earl of Lincoln (1170-1232)', in Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (2004). Bull & Léglu World of Eleanor of Aquitaine (2005). Guéraud Contribution a "Etude du Processus coutumier au Moyen Age (2008): 250 (charter of Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, dated after 1173 names his mother, Aumou, his wife Sibyl; his brothers, Guy, Hugues, Geoffroi, and Raymond; and his sisters, Marie and Amabil), 251 (chart), 305. Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany: a. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182-4.She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold's death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 October 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wiltshire. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 ("commonly called The Damsel of Britain"). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Green Letters of Royal & Ill. Ladies (1846): 24-27 ("The ac	of Brittany, Constance (I6948)
6029	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY II OF ENGLAND (otherwise HENRY FITZ GEOFFREY, or HENRY FITZ EMPRESS), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Aquitaine, born at Le Mans in Maine 5 March 1133. He was knighted at Carlisle by his great uncle, David, King of Scotland, at Whitsuntide 1149. He married at Bordeaux, France 18 May 1152 ELEANOR (or ALIENOR) OF AQUITAINE, former wife of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, Duke of Aquitaine [see FRANCE 6] (divorced 21 March 1152), and daughter and co-heiress of Guillaume X, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, by his 1st wife, Aénor, daughter of Amaury (or Aimery) I, Vicomte of Châtellerault [see AQUITAINE 4 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1124 (aged 13 in 1137). They had eight children (see below). By various mistresses, he also had a number of illegitimate children, including three sons, Geoffrey [Archbishop of York], William Longespée, Knt. [Earl of Salisbury], and Morgan [Provost of Beverley], and two daughters, including Maud [Abbess of Barking]. By the Treaty of Winchester in 1153, Henry was recognized as King Stephen's heir. He reached England 8 Dec. 1154, and was crowned King of England at Westminster 19 Dec. 1154, with direct rule over England and southern Wales, and a claim to the overlordship of northern Wales. His domain of England, Wales, and the French lands acquired from inheritance and marriage (ruled as separate components) was termed the "Angevin empire" (as his father was Count of Anjou). He had little difficulty in curbing the disorder of Stephen's reign and restoring the royal authority. He encouraged the development of juries of local men in the investigation of crimes, and trial of those accused by royal justices. His writs to sheriffs improved the disposition of claims over possession of property and benefices, thereby discouraging local self-help of violent ejection and usurpation. He was the first king to attempt to break down the feudal system of government by bringing its countless independent jurisdictions into subjection to one uniform judicial administration. In 1158 he confirmed a treaty with King Louis VII of France involving the marriage of Henry's son to the French king's daughter. In the summer of 1159 he launched an unsuccessful expedition against Toulouse, which he claimed as Duke of Aquitaine. His reassertion of the king's rights over the church, in particular that clerics were subject to his courts and not solely to ecclesiastical courts, led to the quarrel with his former chancellor, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was murdered in his cathedral in Dec. 1170. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland intent on conquest. By Christmas 1171 Waterford, Wexford, Limerick, and Cork were in his hands and all the Irish princes, except the King of Connacht, gave him hostages and promised tribute. In 1178 he reorganized the English curia regis by restricting its highest functions to a small inner tribunal of selected counsellors, which later grew into the court of the king's bench. His final years were marked by quarrels with and between his sons, stirred into rebellion by their mother, from whom he was separated. HENRY II OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Château Chinon, Normandy 6 July 1189 in the midst of a rebellion by his sons. His widow, Eleanor, died at Poitiers (Vienne), France 31 March 1204. They were both buried in the church of the Abbey of Fontevrault (Maine-et-Loire). Note: Eleanor of Aquitaine had two daughters by her 1st marriage to Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France [see FRANCE 6], namely Marie of France (died 1198) (wife of Henry [I], Count Palatine of Troyes) [see BLOIS 4] and Alix of France (died c.1197) (wife of Thibaut [V], Count of Blois, Dunois, and Chartres, Seneschal of France [see WYDEVILLE 4]. References: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 20 (1840): 735 (Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules at de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France, etc.); 13 (1869): 308 i (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum), 565 (Præpositi Hannoniæ Chronico), 703,708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines); 19 (1880): 336-337. Schwennicke Europæische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 47 (sub Champagne & Brie). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquataine: Lord & Lady (2003). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 59-72. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1128 (Agnes de Barbezillo styled "aunt" famital of Queen Eleanor [of Aquitaine), wife of King Louis WI of France). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 17 (Kalendar of Obits: "II Non. Julius [6 July]. Obitus Henrici Regis Anglie, filie Matildis."). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1725): 76-77. Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 7-10, 10-12 (will of King Henry II). L'Art de Vérifier les Dates 2 (1784): 348-365 (sub Comtes de Poitiers, Ducs de Aquitaine). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1786): 190 (Ex Radulfi de Diceto: Ralph de Fay styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1 (1) (1816): 81-82 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1823): 573 (William [Fitz Roy], 4th Earl of Surrey (or Warenne), styled "kinsman" [cognati] by King Henry II). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 1-4 (will of King Henry II of England). Gray Scalacronica (1836): 278 (Ermengarde de Beaumont, wife of William the Lion, King of Scots styled "cousin" [cosyn] of King Henry II of England). Historiæ Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (Surtees Soc. 9) (1839): Appendix, pg. 1, charter no. xixii (Hugh [du Puiset], Bishop of Durham, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 304-378 (biog. of Eleanora of Aquitaine). Pertz Chronica et Annales ævi Salui (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 6) (1844): (Roberti de Monte Cronica [Robert de Torigni]): 505 (sub 1156) & 506 (sub 1157: Thierry, Count of Flanders, and his wife, [Sibyl of Anjou], she styled "aunt" [amita] of King Henry II), 508 (sub 1158: Thibaut, Count of Blois, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), 512 (sub 1162: William I, King of Sicily, styled "kinsman" [cognatum]), 514 (sub 1165: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [consobrinum], 515 (sub 1166: [Godred], King of Man, styled "kinsman" on the part of King Henry II's mother, Empress Maud), 519 (sub 1170: Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "kinsman" [cognate]; Earl Hugh's wife, [Bertrade], daughter of [Simon], Count of Evreux "kinswoman" [cognatam] on the part of King Henry II's father), 527 (sub 1179: Ralph brother of [Richard], Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinsman" [cognatus germanus]), 534 (sub 1184: Philip, Count of Flanders, styled "kinsman" [cognate]); 27(1925): 108 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, Vicomte of Beaumont, styled "kinswoman" by King Henry II). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851) 18-19. Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 245 (Annals of Waverley sub AD. 1188 - Baldwin [de Revers], Earl of Cornwall, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry II). Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 372 (Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars styled "your cousin and our's" [votre cousin et au notre] by queen Eleanor of Aquitaine in letter to her son, King John dated 1200-1201; also see Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chattes 32 (1871): 412-413). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 33 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Henry II), 46 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of King Henry II). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105 (Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled "kinsman" of King Henry II; see Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 83, footnote 1). Grasilier Cartulaires Inédits de la Saintonge 2: Cartulaire de l'Abbaye Royale de Notre-Dame de Saintes (1871): 13-16, 19-21, 35-36, 36 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France dated 1151 names her "sister” [sororis], Aelith), 37, 51 (charter of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of France, dated 1140 names her "aunt" [amite], Agnes [de Barbezieux], Abbess of Saintes; charter witnessed by Aelith, "sister" [sorore] of Queen Eleanor), 52, 78. Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 192 (birth of King Henry II); 2 (1873): 7 (sub A.D. 1168: Mathieu, Count of Boulogne, styled "kinsman" [cognatum] of King Henry II of England). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Set.) (1874): 285 (Ralph de Pale styled "uncle" [avunculus] of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine). Montzey Hist. de is Fliche 1 (1877): 137-146. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 426, 439 (Chron. of Geoffrey Vosiensis: Sarah daughter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall and wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] of King Henry II of England). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 15 (1878): 767-768 (P[etrus Raimundi], Abbot of Saint Maxent, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England in letters dated 1161). Eyton Court, Household & Intinerary of King Henry II (1878): 8 (Henry [de Sully], Abbot of Fécamp, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Stubbs Hist. Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser. 73) (1879): 93 (birth of King Henry II), 140-141 (David I, King of Scots, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] of King Henry II of England). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882). Bain Cal. Docs. Rel. Scotland 2 (1884): 15-17 (Robert de Courtenay, Knt., styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of Queen Eleanor). Hart Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia 1 (1884): 106 (Silvio de Cresto styled "queen's kinsman" [nepoti Regina]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 10-13 (seal of King Henry II - Obverse. King enthroned, holding sword and orb; generally ressembling the obverse of seals of Henry I. and Stephen, but with differences in arches on front of throne, and in the various proportions. Legend: + HENRICVS DEI • G[RATIA] • REX ANGLORUM. Four small points in cross placed as a stop between the words. Reverse. King on a horse to the right; hauberk, continuous coif, and chausses of chain-mail, here represented by rings. Conical helmet with nasal. Shield secured by strap passing round king's neck, and fastened by a ring into inner surface of leather. In right hand a long sword; in left hand the short strap of shield and reins. Horse's head-gear composed of chain-work. Legend: + HENR : DEI : GRA : DVX : NORM: [ ] ET : AQVIT : ET: COM : ANDEG.). Christie Annales Cestrienses (1887): 29-35 (Bertrade of Evreux, wife of Hugh, Earl of Chester, styled "cousin" of King Henry II in chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester). Great Roll of the Pipe 1164-1165 (Pipe Roll Soc. 8) (1887): 40 (Marchise styled "kinswoman" [cognate] of Queen Eleanor [perhaps her cousin, Marchise, daughter of Aldebert IV, Count de La Marche]). Gross Gild Merchant 2 (1890): 28-29 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem 1(1894): 108, 125-128, 180-181, 312, 470-471, 480-482, 519, 527, 567-568; 2 (1897): 18-19. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "7 Jul. [Obiit] Henricus secundus, rex Anglorum."). Archives Hist. de Département de la Gironde 30 (1895): 6-7 (charter of Eleanor). Beauchet-Filleau Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des Families du Poitou 2 (1895): 320 ("L'obituaire de Fontevrault place son décès le jour des ides de janvier. Dnus Radulfus princeps de Faia, avunculus Dnæ Alienordis Reginae. (bat. 54802 89.)) (author identifies Ralph de Fay as son of Aimery I, Vicomte of Châtellerault). Wigram Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford 2 (1896): 116 (Empress Maud styled "sister" [soror] and her son, Henry [afterwards King Henry II of England] styled "nephew" [nepos] by Robert Fitz Roy, Earl of Gloucester in charter dated c.1142). Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (Andre de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England, and her son, King John, in letter dated 1199). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 69 (grant by King Henry II dated 1186-9). Broussillon Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers 2 (1903): 84 (Raoul [de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "dearest kinsman" [charissimus cognatus] in letter by King Henry II of England). English Hist. Rev. 21 (1906): 78-93; 42 (1927): 569-572; 74 (1959): 193-213; 110 (1995): 652-655. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 104-105 (Mary, Abbess of Romsey, styled "kinswoman" [cognata/cognatam] by King Henry II). Jeayes Desc. Cat. Derbyshire Charters (1906): 244 (Maud [of Gloucester], Countess of Chester, styled "kinswoman" [cognata] by King Henry II in charter dated ?1175). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 593-596 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine); 9 (1908): 452-463 (biog. of Henry II: "... his nature was full of passion... [he] was a great builder... Caen, Rouen, Angers, Tours were all adorned with royal palaces in his reign... probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day... genius for government"). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie (1909): 352-354 (biog. of Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England: "Un des recueils de Gaignières (ms. latin 5419, p. 80) nous a conservé l'image de sceau dont elle continua a se servir pendant son veuvage. C'est un long sceau allongé et pointu sot lequel elle est représentée debout, tenant on oiseau sur la main gauche; il ne subsistait que la dernière partie de la légende: NORMANORVM DUCISSA ET ANDEGAVIE COMITISSA. Il y a aux Auxives nationales, attaché a one charte de l'année 1199, on exemplaire mutile de ce même sceau."). Great Roll of the Pipe 1184-1185 (Pipe Roll Soc. 34) (1913): 216 ([Maud de Bohun], wife of Juhel de Mayenne, styled "neptis Regis" [kinswoman of King Henry II]). Halphen & Poupardin Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Seigneurs d'Amboise (1913). C.P. 4 (1916): 314, footnote b (Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon, styled "king's kinsman" in 1188), 314, footnote d (André de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her son, King John [see also Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 89; Round Cal Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473]); 5 (1926): 117, footnote f (sub Essex) [Eustache, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Anselme Candavène, Count of Saint-Pol, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II; see also Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 4 (1846): 142; Méms. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de Picardie 47 (1936): 182-184 (Eustache's mother named in charter as Isabel); Fossier Chartes de Coutume en Picardie (XIe-XIIIe Siècle) (Coll. de Docs. Inédits sur l'Hist. de France 10) (1974): 191-192 (Eustache named in charter as mother of Hugh (IV) Candavene, Count of Saint-Pol)]. Delisle & Berger Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre, Duc de Normandie 3 (1927): 136 (William, Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus]), ([Raoul de Beaumont], Bishop of Angers, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Chartrou-Charbonnel L'Anjou de 1109 à 1151: Foulque de Jérusalem et Geoffroi Plantegenêt (1928). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 253 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Speculum 30 (1955): 374-384. Boussard Le Gouvernement d'Henri II Plantagenet (1956). Powicke Handbook of British. Chron. (1961): 32-33. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24; n.s. 5 (1983): 153-156. Genealogists' Mag. 14 (1964): 361-368. Davis Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum 1066-1154 3 (1968). Charles Evans "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany," in Mélanges Offerts à Szaboles de Vajay à l'Occasion de Son Cinquitième Anniversaire (1971): 187-191 (Margery [de Bohun], wife of Pedro Manrique, Count of Lara, styled "kinswoman" of King Henry II). Warren Henry II (1973): 216 (Roger [of Gloucester], Bishop of Worcester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II, cites William FitzStephen, III, 103-106). Kibler Eleanor of Aquitaine, Patron & Politcian (1976). Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 14-15. Saillot Les Seize Quartiers des Reines et Impératrices Françaises (420-1920) (1977): 188-189 (ancestry of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Meade Eleanor of Aquitaine (1977). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 47 (sub Champagne and Brie), 76 (sub Aquitaine), 83 (sub England); 3(4) (1989): 813 (sub Châtellerault). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36. Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 2 (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II] later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Hanna Cartularies of Southwick Priory 1 (Hampshire Recs. 9) (1988): 89-90 (charter of Queen Eleanor). Jour. Medieval Hist. 14 (1988): 321-336. Tyerman England & the Crusades 1095-1588 (1988): 48 ([Baldwin IV], King of Jerusalem, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II). Williamson Kings & Oueens of Britain (1991): 52-55 (biog. of Henry II:"... a man of action, athletic, energetic and self-disciplined.., well-grounded in law and history... undoubtedly a great king"), 55 (biog. of Eleanor of Aquitaine). Amt Accession of Henry II in England (1993). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "3 Kal. [Apr.] [30 March]. [Obiit] Alienor regina Anglie."). Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Church Medieval Knighthood V. Papers from the 66 Strawberry Hill Conf. 1994 (1995): 68. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Viator 27 (1996): 53 et seq. Vincent et al. Acta of Henry II & Richard 12 (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 67-69 (instances of Henry [de Sully], abbot of Fécamp, styled "king's kinsman'). Barlow Feudal Kingdom of England (1999). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 91-105. Anglo-Norman Studies 23 (2001): 143-154. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Hanna Christchurch Priory Cartulary (Hampshire Rec. Ser. 18) (2007): 124 (Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, styled "kinsman" by King Henry II in charter dated 1154-71). Harper-Bill Henry II: New Interpretations (2007). Hosier Henry II (2007): 54. Cornwall Rec. Office: Arundell of Lanherne & Trerice, AR/20/1 (Robert [Fitz Count], son of [Robert Fitz Roy], Earl of Gloucester, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by King Henry II). Online resource: The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England (http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm). Children of Henry II of England, by Eleanor of Aquitaine: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born in Normandy, France 17 August 1153. He died at Wallingford Castle, Berkshire about 25 Dec. 1156, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 65-66. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 3 (1821): 434-435 (undated charter of King Henry II dated at Reading to Hurley Priory, Berkshire made for the health of the souls of his late son, William, and his grandfather, King Henry I). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Matthew of Paris Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglorum 1 (Rolls Set. 44) (1866): 307 (sub A.D. 1157: "In Adventu autem infirmatus Willelmus, primogenitus regis Henrici, obiit, diebus hujus anni scilicet Nataliciis; under dissentio est, utrum hoc vel anno praeterito obierit. Sepultus est autem apud Radingum."). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of William). Delisle Chronique de Robert de Torigni 1 (1872): 34 (sub A.D. 1156: "Obiit Guillermus, primogenitus filius Henrici regis Anglorum, et sepultus est Radingis ad pedes Henrici regis, proavi sui."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hirst. (1872). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. ii. HENRY OF ENGLAND (styled "the Young King"), born at Bermondsey, Surrey 28 Feb. 1155, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, crowned joint King of England 14 June 1170. He married at Neubourg in Normandy 2 Nov. 1160 MARGARET (or MARGUERITE) OF FRANCE, 1st daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or is Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. They had one son, William. He was recrowned together with his queen in 1172. He rebelled in 1173-74 and again in 1183. HENRY OF ENGLAND, joint King of England (with his father), died at Château Martel in Touraine 11 June 1183, and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. His widow, Margaret, married (2nd) shortly after 24 August 1186 (as his 4th wife) BELA III, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Rama [see HUNGARY 8], son of Geza II, King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Rama, by his wife, Euphrosine, daughter of Mstislav II the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev. He was born about 1148. They had no issue. Bela III, King of Hungary, died 23 April 1196, and was buried at Székesfehervar. Following the death of her husband, Bela III, Margaret made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She died at Acre shortly after 10 Sept. 1197. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 66-67. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam of England (1851): 18-19. Douet-D'Arcq Historiques et Critiques sur les Anciens Comtes de Beaumont-sur-Oise (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de Picardie: Docs. Inédits 4) (1855): 50-51 (Henry the Young King of England styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Eleanor de Vermandois, Countess of Beaumont in charter dated 1184). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 38 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of Henry), 41-45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Henry). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 1 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 17) (1878): 67, 630; 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18) (1879): 293 (sub 1197: "Tunc Regina Hungariæ, soror Philippi Regis Franciæ, mortuo matito, Ptolemaïdam transiit, ibique non multo post obiit."). Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): iv (rare charter of Young Henry dated c.1170, in which he uses the style "rex Angliæ et Dux Normanniæ et Comes Andegaviæ, Regis Henrici filius"). Deville Tornbeaux de la Cathédral de Rotten (1881): 161-162,164-165,210-211. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13 (seal of Henry son of King Henry II dated 1170-1182 - King, enthroned, with sceptre and orb; sides of throne terminate in animals' heads, as on the thrones on the French royal seals. Legend: HENRICVS REX ANGLOR DVX NORMANNOR ET COMES ANDEGAVOR.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "11 Jun. [Obiit] Henricus tertius, rex Anglorum."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 591-594, 602. Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 382-384. English Hist. Rev. 39 (1924): 240-241. Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 224-226. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 11 (sub France), 83 (sub England), 154 (Arpaden). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36 (he "used style rex Anglorum... hence called by contemporaries and certain chroniclers King Henry III"). Smith English Episc. Acta 2 Canterbury 1162-1190 (1986): 110-111. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 96-97, 104. English Hist. Rev. 116 (2001): 297-326 ("the sole associate king in English post-conquest history"). Child of Henry of England, by Margaret of France: a. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, born about 19 June 1177, died 22 June 1177. Benedict of Peterborough Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 177 ("Eodem anno [1177] circa clausum Pentecosten, Margareta, guæ, at supradictum est, prægnans abiit ad regem Franciæ patrem suum, peperit filium, et vocatum eat nomen ejus Willelmus, sed infra triduum obiit Parisius ubi natus fuit; et quidam dicebant quod abortivus fuit."). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 189-200. iii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, born at London 1156. She married at Minden 1 Feb. 1168 (as his 2nd wife) HEINRICH XII der Löwe (or HENRY the Lion), Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, son and heir of Heinrich X, Duke of Bavaria, by Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had four sons, Heinrich [Count Palatine of the Rhine], Lothar, Otto (IV) [Count of Poitou, King of the Romans, Holy Roman Emperor], and Wilhelm [Count of Luneburg], and two daughters, Maud and Richza (wife of Waldemar II, King of Denmark). He was deprived of both Bavaria and Saxony in 1180, and spent his remaining years in exile at the court of his father-in-law, King Henry II, or at Danwarderode Castle in Braunschweig (or Brunswick). In 1194 he was guaranteed possession of his Saxon allodial lands. His wife, Maud, died at Braunschweig 28 June 1189. HEINRICH OF BRAUNSCHWEIG, former Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, died 6 August 1195. He and his wife, Maud, were buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. They are direct ancestors of House of Hanover, the royal house of England from 1714 to 1901. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 69-70. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Green Lives of the Princesses of England 1 (1857): 214-262 (biog. of Matilda of England). Pertz Historici Germania sac. XII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 21) (1869): 115-116 (Arnoldi Chronica Salvorum: list of children). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sæc. XII. et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 110 (Ex Gestis Henrici II. et Ricardi I.: Heinrich, Duke of Saxony, styled "kinsman" [nepos] of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Ströhl Deutsch Wappenrolle (1897): 72. Hohnstein Geschichte des Heroztums Braunschweig (1908): 91-140 (biog. of Heinrich der Löwe). Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 384. Waltz Ottonis et Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris (Monumenta Germaniæ Histories, Scriptures rerum Germanicarum 46) (1912): 350 (Rahewini Gesta Friderici I. Imperatoris Appendix sub A.D. 1168: "... nam inter imperatorem et regem Angliæ fedus et amicicia fuit, data filia sua in uxorem Heinrico duci Bawariæ et Saxoniæ."). Rübel-Blass Ahnentafel Rübel-Blass 1 (1939): 284 (ancestry of Maud of England). Jordan Die Urkunden Heinrichs des Löwen Herzogs von Sachsen and Bayern (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Laienfürsten- und Dynastenurkunden der Kaiserzeit) (1941): 51-53 (Gebhard I, Count of Burghausen styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich), 107-108 (Otto VI, Count Palatine of Wittelsbach, afterwards Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepos] by Duke Heinrich), 181-182 (Friedrich II, Count Palatine of Saxony, Count of Sommerschenburg styled "kinsman" [cognatus] by Duke Heinrich). Foreville L'Eglise et le Royaute en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (1154-1189) (1943): 410, footnote 4. Appelt Die Urkunden Friedrichs I. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica: Die Urkunden der deutschen Könige und Kaiser 10(1)) (1975): 18-19, 231-233, 347-349 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [cognate/cognate] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 259-260, 332-335 (instances of Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [nepotem/nepos] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa), 364-365 (Heinrich, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, styled "kinsman" [consanguine] by Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 58 (sub Welfen); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Gens Nostra 46 (1991): 540-541. Kegel Die Jüngere Hildesheimer Briefsammlung (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Die Briefe Der Deutschen Kaiserzeit 7) (1995): 101-102 (letter of Heinrich of Braunschweig to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188), 102-103 (Heinrich of Braunschweig styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] in letter from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa dated 1185-1188). Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Jour. Medieval Hist. 22 (1996): 379-393. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/bayern/heinrich_12_derloewe_herzog_von_bayern_1195_welfen/heinrich_12_der loewe_herzog_von_bayern_und_sachsen_+_1195.html. Children of Maud of England, by Duke Heinrich XII der Löwe: a. OTTO OF BRUNSWICK, 3rd son. He was educated at the court of his uncle, King Richard I of England, under whose experience he gained valuable experience in war. He was appointed Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, and Earl of Yorkshire. When Emperor Henry VI died in Sept. 1197, some of the German princes under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, were anxious to find a rival to Philip, Duke of Swabia, who had been elected German king. Otto married (1st) 22 July 1212 BEATRIX OF HOHENSTAUFEN, daughter of Philip, Duke of Swabia. They had no issue. His wife, Beatrix, died 11 August 1212. He married (2nd) at Aachen 19 May 1214 MARIA OF BRABANT, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Lorraine and Brabant, Margrave of Antwerp, by his 1st wife, Machtild (or Mahaud), daughter and co-heiress of Mathieu of Flanders, Count of Boulogne [see BRABANT 5 for her ancestry]. They had no issue. OTTO IV, late Emperor, died at the Harzburg 19 May 1218, and was buried in the collegiate church of St. Blaise, now Braunschweig Cathedral in Braunschweig, Germany. His widow, Maria, married (2nd) in July 1220 WILHELM (or WILLEM) I, Count of Holland [see HOLLAND 5]. She died between 9 March and 14 June 1260. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 477-478 (Richard I, King of England, styled "uncle" [avunculus] in charter of Otto, Duke of Aquitaine). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 28-29, 87-88, 93, 104, 108, 114 (instances of Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" [nepos] by King John of England). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 37-48 (Otto of Saxony [former Emperor Otto IV] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 57-60 (Otto [IV], late Emperor, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1228). Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 290 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1218: "Otho imperator Alemanniæ, nepos Ricardi et Johannis regum obiit."). Piot Cartulaire de l'Abbeye de Saint-Trond 1 (1870): 199-200 (charter of Henri [II], Duke of Lorraine and Brabant dated 1240, names his "dear sister" [charissima soror], Maria, former Empress of the Romans). Stubbs Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 3 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1870): 298-299 ("Eodem anno [1195] Willelmus rex Scottorum ægrotavit, in villa sua quæ dicitur Clacmanan et statuit Othonem filium Henrici ducis Saxoniæ, nepotem Ricardi regis sibi successurum in regnum Scottorum, ita quod ipse Otho filiam suam primogenitam in uxorem cum regno duceret. Et quamvis rex plures haberet qui voluntati suæ in hoc consentirent, tamen comes Patricius et alii multi contradixerunt ..."). Pauli & Libermann Ex rerum Anglicarum scriptoribus sac. XII et XIII. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 27) (1885): 385 (F Gervasii Tilleberiensis Otiis Imperialibus: William Longespée, Earl of Salisbury, styled "uncle" [avunculum] of Emperor Otto IV). Doyle Official Baronage of England 3 (1886): 740 (sub York). Thatcher & McNeal Source Book for Mediæval Hist. (1905): 228 (Otto, King of the Romans, styled "nephew" by King John of England in 1202). Hohnstein Geschichte des Herzogtams Braunschweig (1908): 141-149 (biog. of Kaiser Otto IV). Encyclopædia Britannica 20 (1911): 375 (biog. of Otto IV, Roman emperor). Nicholson Love, War & the Grail (2001). Online resource: www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/otto_4_deutscher_koenig_1218_welfen/otto_4_von_ braunschweig_deutscher_koeni8-+_1218.html. b. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF BRUNSWICK, born in 1172. She married (1st) in July 1189 GEOFFREY III, Count of Perche, lord of Toddington, Bedfordshire and Aldbourne and Wanborough, Wiltshire, son of Rotrou III, Count of Perche, by Mathilde, daughter of Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. They had two sons, Geoffrey and Thomas [Count of the Perche]. GEOFFREY III, Count of the Perche, died 5 April 1202. His widow, Maud, married (2nd) before 1203 (as his 1st wife) ENGUERRAND DE COUCY, seigneur of Coucy, and, in right of his wife, Count of the Perche, son and heir of Raoul de Coucy, seigneur of Coucy, by Alix, daughter of Robert I, Count of Dreux. She died in 13 Jan. 1209/10. Placitorum in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservatorum Abbrevatio (1811): 55. Rotuli litterarum patentium in turri Londinensi asservati 1201- 1216 (1834): 18 (Maud, Countess of the Perche, styled "niece" [nepti] by King John of England in 1202). Lepinois & Merlet Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres 2 (1863): 21 (charter of Maud, Countess of Perche, dated June 1202, names her late husband, Geoffrey, and her son, Thomas), 22. Herald & Genealogist 6 (1871): 241- 253 ([Maud], Countess of Perche styled "niece" [neptis] by King John, cites Rot. Normann. p. 87.). Procs. Soc. of Antiqs. of London 2nd Ser. 6 (1876): 283-287. Brial Monumens des Règnes de Philippe Auguste et de Louis VIII 3 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19) (1880): 436-438 (J. de Pertico [Enguerrand de Coucy, Count of the Perche] styled "your kinsman" [consobrinum tuum] in letter from Pope Innocent III to King Philippe Auguste of France in 1203). Money Hist. of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Procs. Suffolk Inst. of Arch. & Nat. Hist. 11(1903): 304-305. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 374 (biog. of Geoffrey de Perche). Leese Blood Royal (1996): 41-45. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France: County of the Perche 1000-1226 (2002). Kathleen Thompson "Matilda, countess of the Perche (1171-1210): The expression of authority in name, style and seal" available at www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/crahm/revue/tabularia/thompson.html. iv. RICHARD OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Cæur-de-Lion or the Iionheart), Knt., King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, 3rd but eldest surviving son, born at Oxford 8 Sept. 1157. In 1169 he was affianced to marry Alice (or Alix) of France, daughter of Louis VII le Jeune (or le Pieux), King of France, by his 2nd wife, Constance, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile and Leon [see FRANCE 6 for her ancestry]. She was born in 1160. In 1169 he did homage to King Louis for his mother's inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and, in the following year, he was acknowledged as Duke. In 1173-4 he joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father. In the period, 1175-77, he established his authority in Aquitaine, forcing the Count of Toulouse to do him homage. In 1177 King Louis demanded the immediate marriage of Richard and his daughter, Alice, but the matter was submitted to arbitration. On his older brother, Henry's death in 1183, Richard became heir to the English crown. His father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his younger brother, John, which led to a fresh war. In 1185, on his father's orders, he resigned the duchy to his mother, Queen Eleanor, who was released from her ten years of captivity. In 1187 the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and John at Châteauroux. A great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles. In 1188 Richard did homage to the French king for all his French possessions, including Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine. In 1189 war broke out again. King Henry, his father, refused to assent to Richard's marriage to Alice, or to acknowledge Richard as his heir. In July 1189 Henry was forced to sign a treaty yielding every point. On Henry's death 6 July 1189, Richard succeeded as King of England, and was crowned at Westminster Abbey 3 Sept. 1189. He immediately set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187. Richard left England 11 Dec. 1189; secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem. He had to be content with making a truce with the Islamic leader, Saladin, who much admired him. In March 1190/1 he voided his marriage contract with Alice of France. He married at Limassol, Cyprus 12 May 1191 BERENGERE (or BERENGUELA) OF NAVARRE, daughter of Sancho Vi el Sabio, King of Navarre, by Sancha, daughter of Alfonso VII, King of Castile. She was born about 1163. They had no issue. On Richard's journey home, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, whom he had rashly insulted in the Holy Land. He was released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom; returned to England 13 March 1194. His second Coronation was solemnised in Winchester Cathedral 17 April 1194. In October 1196 he made peace with Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, renouncing all claims to the county of Toulouse and the subject county of Rouergue; he also returned Quercy and gave the Agenais as part of the dowry for his sister Joan's marriage to Raymond. In 1199, during a minor siege at Chalus in Limousin, RICHARD I, KING OF ENGLAND was fatally injured by a crossbow bolt; and died there testate 6 April 1199. He was buried at Fontevrault Abbey (Maine-et-Loire), France. Following Richard's death, the borough of Wilton, Wiltshire formed part of his widow, Berengere's dower, but she did not enjoy her full tights as indicated by a papal letter to King John in 1209. In 1204 Bérengère ceded all her rights to the castles of Falaise, Domfront, and Bonneville-sur-Touque to King Philippe Auguste of France, and Chateau-du-Loir to Guillaume des Roches, in exchange of the vill of le Mans and its dependencies and 1,000 marks sterling. In 1216 she founded a chapel of religious hospitaliers of Jerusalem at Thoré in Maine. She was co-heiress in 1226 to her cousin, Guillaume, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, Count of Perche. In 1230 she founded a Cistercian abbey at l'Epau, near Le Mans. She died 23 Dec. 1230, and was buried at at l'Epau Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 73-80. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1045-1046 (charters of Queen Bérengère of England). Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 12. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 266 (Obit. of Tintem Abbey: "Ricardus Rex Angliæ primus obiit xxvii. die Mardi"; "Berengerus et comitissa soror ejus obiit xxiij. die Decembris."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 313-314. Brequigny Table Chronologique des Diplomes, Charles, Titres et Actes Imprimés concernant l'Histoire de France 4 (1836): 357. Palgrave Docs. & Recs. Ill. the Hist. of Scotland 1(1837): xxviii-xxix (William the lion, King of Scots styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Richard I of England). Archæologia 27 (1838): 109-112. Green Letters of Royal & Ill Ladies (1846): 30-34 (two letters of Bérengère, Queen of England). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Riley Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1853): 120 (Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham, styled "our dearly beloved cousin" by King Richard I). Guigniaut Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 21(1855): 604 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois Fontaines (sub anno 1230): "... Obiit decimo calendas Januarii [23 Dec.] regina Berengaria, domina Cenomanensis, relicta quondam regis Angliæ Richardi"). Migne Innocentii III Romani pontificis opera omnia (Patrologia Ser. Latina 215) (1855): 1538-1539. Arbois de Jubainville Hist. des Ducs et des Comtes de Champagne 5 (1863): 195, 229-230, 238. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Charles 2 (1866): 181-182 (Bérengère, Queen of England, styled "aunt" [matertera] of Thibaut, Count of Champagne). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1869): 132 (Ex Gervasii Dorobernensis Monachii/Chronico de Regisbus Angliæ Sui Temporis: [sub A.D. 1169] "Richardus quoque filius Regis Angliæ accepit in uxorem filiam Regis Franciæ [Adelam], quam habuit de Ella Regis Hispanorum, et suscepit Ducatum Aquitaniæ, fecitque hominium Regi Franciæ super honore Ducatus."). Lalore Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Boulancoutt (1869): 95 (Obituaire: "23 Dec. - solemnel pour dame Bérangère de Castille, reine d'Angleterre, et dame Blanche, sa soeur, comtesse de Champagne"). Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 39 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: birth of King Richard I), 151 (Chronicon Sancti Sergii Andegavensis: death of King Richard I). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 12 (1877): 228 (Extrait d'une Chron. de France), 383 (Ex Roderico Toletani Archiepiscopi); 2 (Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13) (1869): 708-709 (Chron. of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines). Montzey Hist. de la Flèche 1 (1877): 147-159. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 447 ([Blanche of Navarre], Countess of Troyes, styled "sister" [sororem] of Queen Bérengère in letter by Pope Innocent III to King John dated 1204). Delisle Cartulaire Normand (1882): 19. Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 13-14 (seal of King Richard I - Obverse. King enthroned: closely fitting tunic, loose surcoat with embroidered edges at neck and arms, and cloak. Open crown of three points fleury. In right hand a sword held erect; in left hand an orb topped by a cross fleur-de-lisée. Throne of elaborate pannelled work, of four stages of arcading with intervening head-mouldings, the back splayed away, and footboard enriched with carvings of quatrefoils, and a corbel on seven arches. In the field, on either side of king's head, a crescent enclosing an estoile of seven points wavy. On either side of throne a sprig of the planta genista, or broom. Legend: + RICARDVS DEI GRACIA REX ANGLORVM. Reverse. King on horseback to right. Hauberk and surcoat of mail armour, conical helmet, large broad sword, bowed shield on which a lion rampant contoume. Horse-trappings: head-gear, ornamental saddle and breast-band. Legend: + RICARDVS DVX NORMANNORVM ET AQVITANORVM ET COMES ANDEGAVORVM.). Meyer L'Hist. de Guillaume le Marechal 1 (1891): 338-340, esp. lines 9392-9432 (André de Chauvigny styled "king's kinsman"). Delisle Manuscrits Latins et Français ajoutés aux Fonds des Nouvelles Acquisitions Pendant les Années 1875-1894 2 (1894): 509-510 (Calendrier of Maubuisson Abbey) ("X kal. januarii [23 Dec.]. Obiit Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Delaville le Roulx Cartulaire Général de l’Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 1 (1894): 556-557 (charter of King Richard I dated 1189-1190); 2 (1897): 179-180. Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 89-90 (William the lion, King of Scotland styled "dearest cousin" by King Richard I of England in 1189), 92-93 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and cousin and liegeman" by King Richard I of England in 1194). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(2) (Recueil des Historiens de la France - Obituaires) (1902): 645 (Abbaye de Port Royal: "x. cal. [23 Dec.]. Ce jour est fait l’anniversaire de Berangarie, royne [1229], et de Blanche, contesse, et non en convent."), 655 (Abbaye de Maubuisson: "[23 Dec.]. x kal. jan. Obiit. Berengaria regina et soror ejus."). Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Lair (Société des Archives Hist. du Maine 6) (1905): 80-81. D.N.B. 16(1909): 1022-1031 (biog. of Richard I: "... He was a stern ruler.., where his rights were not questioned, he was generous to a fault... In warfare he seems to have combined dash and prudence to a remarkable degree... He was sincere in his desire to free the holy sepulcher... a man of many accomplishments"). Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 170. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 33. VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of Richard as Duke: a sharply-convex shield with a single lion rampant on the visible portion; arms of Richard as King: "A later great seal, brought into use certainly by 1198 and possibly as early as 1195, bears three lions passant guardant in pale"). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 18-20 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Richard I in 1197). Stones Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174-1328 (1965): 12-14 (William the lion, King of Scotland, styled "kinsman" by King Richard in 1189), 18-19 (William the Lion, King of Scotland styled "friend and kinsman" [amico et consanguineo] by King Richard in 1194). Paget lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15. Jour. Medieval Hist. 6 (1980): 185-198; 23 (1997): 351-365. Bull. Inst. Hist. Research 53 (1980): 157-173. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 56 (sub Navarre), 83 (sub England). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 36-37. Mitchell Berengaria, Enigmatic Queen of England (1986). King & Ridyard Law in Mediæval Life & Thought (Sewanee Mediæal Studies 5) (1990): 21-42. Williamson Kings & Queens of Britain (1991): 55-56,65 (biog. of Richard Coeur de Lion). Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 127 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus April [6 April]. Obiit Ricardus Rex Anglie, qui dedit Boscum de Blen cum pertinentiis suis Ecclesie Christi."), 137 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "8 Idus Apr. 16 April]. Obiit Richardus rex Angliae."). Nottingham Medieval Studies 39 (1995): 37-53; 43 (1999): 79-89. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58,189-200. French Hist. Studies 21 (1998): 517-542. Trindade Berengaria: In Search of Richard the Lionheart's Queen (1999): 23 (Queen Bérengère's "long years of widowhood" reveal "a strong, courageous woman, independent, solitary, battling against difficult political and economic circumstances, with little interest in the trappings of a courtly existence, sustained by her faith in Christ and her royalty to the See of St Peter, not afraid to assert her rights against powerful enemies, both lay and clerical."), 183 (Queen Bérengère styled "kinswoman" by King Louis IX of France). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 97,105. Online resources: www.ctv.es/USERS/sagastibelza/berenguela/berenguela_tumba.htm. Illegitimate child of Richard I, by an unknown mistress, ___: a. PHILIP FITZ ROY (otherwise PHILIP DE COGNAC), in right of his wife, of Cognac, Merpins, and Jarnac. He married AMELIE DE COGNAC, daughter of Itier V, seigneur of Cognac, Villebois, and Jarnac. They had no issue. Adémar, Count of Angouleme, did homage to him in 1194, and also after his father's death. Amélie died before 1199. Philip reportedly killed Adémar V, vicomte of Limoges, in 1199, in revenge for his father's death. In 1201 he sold the castle and honour of Cognac (Charente), France to his uncle, King John. The same year he received a gift of 50 marks from King John. PHILIP FITZ ROY was living in 1211. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 80. Bull. de la Soc. des Antiqs. de l'Ouest et des Musées de Poitiers 12 (1845): 415. Roger of Hoveden Annals of Roger de Hoveden 2 (1853): 464-465 ("In the same year [A.D. 11991, Philip, bastard son of Richard, king of England, to whom the said king, his father, had given the castle and the manor of Cuinac, slew the before-named viscount of Limoges, in revenge for his father."). Comptes d'Alphonse de Poitiers (Archives Hist. du Poitou 4) (1875): 21-22 ("... Tempore domini comids Pictavensis Henrici, qui fuit rex Anglie, quittavit pater comitis Audomaris Engolismensis, in aula Pictavensi, Bardon, dominum Coignyaci, de homagio quod petebat ab ipso de Coygnyaco, et eo presente et concedente, fecit homagium dominus Coygnyaci domini comiti Pictavensi, de Cognyaco et pertinentiis; et credo quod adhuc vivunt multi qui hoc viderunt. Filius dicti domini Cognyaci fecit similiter homagium Richardo Pictavensi, de Coygnyaco et pertinentiis; quo domino Cognyaci mortuo, dedit rex Richardus comes Pictavensis dominam Amellyam unicam heredem Coygnyaci, quam habebat in ballo, ratione comitatus Pictavensis, in uxorem cuidam filio suo notho, scilicet Philippo de Coygnyaco; qua defuncta sine liberis, tenuit dictus comes Richardus dictum castrum et eum tradidit Roberto de Torniant, senescallo suo Pictavensis."). Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes 1 (1883): 271. Boissonade Quomodo Comites Engolismenses ega Reges Anglia, et Francia se Gesserint 1152- 1328 (1893). Richard Hist. des Comtes de Poitou 2 (1903): 330. Furness I. & Death of King John (1919): 6-9. Boissonade L'Ascension, le Déclin et la Chute d'un Grand Etat Féodal du Centre-Ouest: Les Taillefer et les Lusignans (Bull. et Méms. de la Soc. Arch. et Hist. de la Charente) (1935). Great Roll of the Pipe Michaelmas 1201 (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 14) (1936): xix, 283 ("Philipp° f[ilio] R. Richardi"). Martin-Civat Les Seigneuties de Cognac, Jarnac et Metpins dons l’Empire Anglo-Angevin aux XIIe et XIIIe Siècle (Congrès des Socs. Savantes de Cognac) (28 April 1956). Henderson Richard Coeur de Lion (1959): 242. Shakespeare Quarterly 11 (1960): 137-146. Powicke Loss of Normandy (1961): 32-33. Notes & Queries 207 (1962): 274-275. NEHGR 119 (1965): 94-102. Le Château Royal of Cognac (Mems./Institut d'Hist. et d'Arch. de Cognac et du Cognaçais) 2 (1972): 5. Shakespeare Studies (1976): 59-70. Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 126-127, 179. Debord La Soc. Laïque dans les Pays de la Charente Xe-XlIe Siècle (1984): 486-488. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(4) (1989): 769 (sub Limoges). Evergates Feudal Soc. in Medieval France (1993): 58-59. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36-37. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 57-58. Bernard et al. Hist. du Poitou et des Pays Charentais (2001): 151. Erickson Royal Panoply: Brief Lives of the English Monarchs (2006): 46. v. GEOFFREY OF ENGLAND, 4th son, born 23 Sept. 1158, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. He married about July 1181 (by dispensation, they being related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred) CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY [see BRITTANY 6], daughter and heiress of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumberland [see BRITTANY 5 for her ancestry]. She was born about 1162. They had three children (see below). In 1178 he was knighted at Woodstock by his father. In 1184 they founded a chaplaincy in Rouen Cathedral for the soul of his late brother, Henry. In 1185 they issued an assize regulating the succession of lands in Brittany. GEOFFREY, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, was killed in a tournament at Paris 19 August 1186, and was buried there in the quire of Notre Dame Cathedral. His widow, Constance, married (2nd) 3 Feb. 1188 (or 1189) (as his 1st wife) RANULPH, Earl of Chester [see CHESTER 5.i], Judge in the King's Court, 1193, Constable of Sermilly Castle, 1201-4, Constable of the Tower of Avranches, 1203, Warden of the Peak Castle and Forest, 1215, Steward of the Town and Honour of Lancaster, 1216-23, Constable of Fotheringay Castle, 1221-2, Steward of the Honour of Leicester, 1222, and, in right of his wife, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, son and heir of Hugh, Earl of Chester, hereditary Vicomte of Avranches, by Bertrade, daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux, seigneur of Montfort-l'Amaury [see CHESTER 5 for his ancestry]. They had no issue. In 1196 Ranulph captured Constance en route to her 6n5li7ing negotiations with King Richard I and confined her at Benvron for at least a year. Soon after her release, she sought the annulment of their marriage which was granted in 1199, presumably on grounds on consanguinity. She married (3rd) before October 1199 (as his 1st wife) GUY DE THOUARS [see BRITTANY 6], in right of his 1st wife, Count (or Duke) of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, younger son of Geoffroi IV, Vicomte of Thouars, by his wife, Aumur (or Aumou) [see AQUITAINE 3.ii.a for his ancestry]. They had three daughters, Alix (wife of Pierre de Braine (nicknamed Mauclerc), Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond), Marguerite, and Katherine (wife of André III de Vitré, seigneur of Vitré). Constance, Duchess of Brittany, died testate at Nantes 4 (or 5) Sept. 1201, and was buried at Villeneuve. In 1202 he joined King Philippe Augustus, and his English lands were confiscated. He served as regent of Brittany on behalf of his daughter, Alice, from 1203 to 1213. He married (2nd) EUSTACHE DE MAULEON, widow of Guillaume V, Vicomte of Aunay, and daughter of Pierre d'Argenton. They had two sons, Pierre de Chemillé, Knt. [seigneur of Chemille, Mortagne, and Brissac] and Thomas de Chemillé, Knt. In October 1203 he was granted the castles of Chemillé and Brissac by King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he led the Breton invasion of southern Normandy. In 1206 King Philippe Auguste of France granted him le Broherec, la Cornouaille, and le Pouher. GUY DE THOUARS died at Chemillé 13 April 1213, and was buried at Villeneuve. His widow, Eustache, married (3rd) RENAUD DE MAULEVRIER. She was living in 1244. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 67-68. Gallia Christiana 2 (1720): 1333 (abstract of charter of Guy de Thouars dated 1208 naming his mother, Aumuz, and his wife, [Constance] Countess of Brittany). Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1(1725): 445-461 (sub Bretagne). Morice Méms. pour Servir de Preuves a l’Hist. de Bretagne 1 (1742): 37-38, 822 (dower of Katherine of Brittany, wife of André III de Vitré), 912-913, 917, 919-920 (instances of Pierre de Chemillé styled "uncle" [avunculus] by Jean, Duke of Brittany, in 1238, 1240, 1241), 930-931 (Thomas de Chemillé styled "brother" [fratri] by Pierre de Chemillé). Morice Histoire Ecclésiastique et Civil de Bretagne 1 (1750): xvii-xviii (Counts of Penthievre ped). Banks Dormant & Extinct Baronage of England 1 (1807): 218-220. Hanshall Hut. of the County Palatine of Chester (1823): 21-23. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 325 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated 1230), 574-575 (Jerveaux Abbey - Genealogy of the Counts of Richmond). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 247-249. Extracta e Vanis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 70 ("Henricus, regis Dauid filius, comes Huntyntoune et Northumbrie vxorem duxit Adam filiam Willelmi senioris, sororis Willelmi junioris comitis de Warenna, et sororem comitis Roberti Legecesterensis, et Walranni comitis de Melent, cuius mater fait soror Rodulphi comitis de Perona, regis Francorum Ludouici consanguinea, ex qua suscepit tres inclitos filios Genuit eciam idem princeps Henricus totidem Elias ex uxore sua predicta Ada, scilicet, Adam, que lege conjugii tradita est comiti Holandie Fiorentino: secundam, Margaretam Conano duci Britannie comiti de Richmonth nuptam, ex qua genuit filiam nomine Constanciam Gaufrido, comiti Ancligauie, fratri regis Anglie Richardi Primi, disponsatam, de qua Gaufridus genuit alum nomine Arthurum, postea in mare mersum, vnam eciam filiam, Aleciam nomine, que a Petro Mauclerk concepit et peperit filium, normna Johannem, postea ducem Britannie, et aliam filiani nomine Alienoram, que cum Arthuro fratre in mare periit."). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 18-19. Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaries de l'Ouest 29 (1865): 365-369 (re. Thouars fam.). Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbaris 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 207. Marchegay & Mabille Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou (1869): 45 (Chronicæ Sancti Albini Andegavensis: death of Geoffrey). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 35 (1874): 8-9 (charter of Ranulph, Earl of Chester). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 5 (seal of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond dated 1185 - Le duc à cheval, vêtu du haubert, coiffé d'un heaume a timbre arrondi; lance au gonfanon. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS DVX BRI Revers: Le duc à cheval, couvert d'un immense bouclier, brandissant son épée. [Légende] GAVFRIDVS HENRICI REGIS FILIVS COMES RICHEMVNDIE), 5-6 (undated seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond - Dame debout, coiffée en tresses, revêtue d'un sur ___ ajusté du corsage, des hanches et des bras, at recouvert d'une chape, un faucon sur le poing, en fleuron dans la main droite. [Légende:]* CONSTANCIA DVCISS … [COM]ITISSA RICH[EMUN]DIE). Ormerod Hist. of the County Palatine & City of Chester 1 (1882): 33-41. Robertson Materials for the Hist. of Thomas Becket 6 (Rolls Ser. 67) (1882): 170-174. Bull & Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Département d'Ille-et-Vilaine 17 (1885): 370-371, 371-372 (charter dated 1182-85 of Geoffrey son of King Henry, Duke of Brittany, Count of Richmond; charter granted with consent of his wife, Constance), 373 (charter dated 1183-86 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to the church of Rouen), 374- 376 (charter dated 1187 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 376-377 (charter dated 1189 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Gildas de Ruis Abbey), 377-378 (charter dated 1193 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Saint-Melaine of Rennes Abbey), 379-380 (charter dated 1198 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond), 380-381 (charter dated 1199 of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Notre Dame près Aurai Priory), 383-384 (charter dated 1199-1201 of Guy de Thouars, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond and his wife, Constance, Duchess of Brittany to Melerai Abbey), 384-387 (foundation charter dated 1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond for Villeneuve Abbey), 387 (charter dated 1187-1201 by Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond to Buzai Abbey), 388-390, 391-392 (charter dated 1205 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the monks of Villeneuve), 394-397 (charter dated 1207 by Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany to the canons of Nantes), 397-406, 406-407 (charter dated 1212 of Guy de Thouars, Count of Brittany), 408, 409 (charter dated 1201-13 of Guy, Duke of Brittany to the nuns of Saint-Sulpice les Rennes). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 365-366 (sub Chester); 3 (1886): 107-109 (sub Richmond). Annales Cestrienses (Lanc. & Cheshire Rec. Soc. 14) (1887): 40-41 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1188: "Rannulphus comes cestrie Cui etiam dedit Henricus rex anglie in uxorem relictam v Kl. [recte Galfridi filii sui] Cui comitissam britannie filia Alani [recte Conant] Comitis britannie nominee Constancia et toto comittatu de Richemund quam ipse comes Cestrie Rannulphus desponsavit in die Sancte Werburge virginis, id est, tertia nonas Februarii [3 Feb.] apud ..."), 46 (Chron. of St. Werburg sub 1200: "Rannulphus comes Cestrie desponsavit uxorem filiam Radulphi de Feugis, nomine Clementiam, relicta comitissa Britannie, nomine Constancia."). La Borderie Recueil d’Actes Inédits des Ducs et Princes de Bretagne (XIe, XIIe, XIIIe Siecles) (1888). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 2 (1892): 378 (seal of Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond dated 1190-1198 - Pointed oval. To the right. Standing, with tightly-fitting dress, long fur-lined cloak fastened at the throat, in the right hand a lily-flower, on the left hand a hawk with long jesses.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 579 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "23 Aug. [Obiit] Gaufridus comes."). Rosenzweig Cartulaire général de Morbihan 1 (1895): 190-191 (charter of Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, dated between 1182-1183). Inventaire Sommaire des Archives Départementales antérieures a 1790, Loire-Inférieure 2(2) Ser. C & D (1898): 147. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 220 (Livre d'Anniversaires des XIVe-XVe Siedes: "18 August - [Obiit] Gaufridi, comitis Britanie [1186]."). Wrottesley Peds. from the Plea Rolls (1905): 531-532. C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 355. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 58-70. Delisle Recueil des Actes de Henri II, Roi d'Angleterre et Duc de Normandie Introduction (1909): 103-106, 371-372 (biog. of Geoffrey Fitz Roy, Count of Brittany). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 441-458. Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 195 (chart). Le Moyen Age 35 (1924-5): 63-70. Farnham Leicestershire Medieval Peds. (1925): 11 (ped. of Earls of Chester). Brunel et al. Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste Roi de France 2 (1943): 542. C.P. 10 (1945): 780 (chart), 794-805 (sub Richmond). Annales de Bretagne 53 (1946), 1-27. Painter Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany (1969). BIHR 50 (1977): 112-115. Ellis Cat. Seals in the P.R.O. 2 (1981): 13 (seal of Ranulph, Earl of Chester dated c.1200 - A shield of arms: a lion passant. Legend: + SIGILLVM [R]A[NVF]I COMMS CESTRIE). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 75 (sub Brittany), 83 (sub England); 3 (1989): 810 (sub Thouars); 14 (1991): 136 (sub Vitré). Given-Wilson Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1984): 109 (One contemporary described Geoffrey as "a hypocrite in everything, a deceiver and a dissembler"). Hist. Research 63 (1990): 1-16. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 36. Leese Blood Royal (1996): 45-47. Everard Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany & her Fam. (1999). Everard Brittany & the Angevins (2000). Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 347-360. Jones Between France & England (2003): 38-40. Wheeler & Parsons Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 101. Richard Eales, `Ranulf (HI), sixth earl of Chester and first earl of Lincoln (1170-1232)', in Oxford Dict. of National Biog. (2004). Bull & Léglu World of Eleanor of Aquitaine (2005). Guéraud Contribution a "Etude du Processus coutumier au Moyen Age (2008): 250 (charter of Aimery VII, Vicomte of Thouars, dated after 1173 names his mother, Aumou, his wife Sibyl; his brothers, Guy, Hugues, Geoffroi, and Raymond; and his sisters, Marie and Amabil), 251 (chart), 305. Children of Geoffrey of England, by Constance of Brittany: a. ELEANOR OF BRITTANY, born 1182-4.She was brought up by her uncle, King Richard I, and by her paternal grandmother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1193 she was contracted to marry Leopold, son of the Duke of Austria. She was sent out in 1194 in charge of Baldwin de Bethune, who turned back when he heard of Leopold's death. In 1195 it was provided she should marry Louis, son and heir of King Philippe Auguste of France, but this project also failed. She was captured at Mirebeau 1 August 1202, and subsequently imprisoned by her uncle, King John. In 1208 there was an open attempt to liberate Eleanor, led by the Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Cornouaille. King John frustrated all efforts to liberate her and severely punished most of her adherents. She remained in prison under King Henry III. She died testate 10 October 1241 probably at Bristol, and was buried at St. James convent, Bristol, whence her body was transferred to the convent of Amesbury, Wiltshire. In 1268 King Henry III of England gave the manor of Melksham, Wiltshire to Amesbury for the souls of Eleanor and her brother, Arthur. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 68 ("commonly called The Damsel of Britain"). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 308-313. Green Letters of Royal & Ill. Ladies (1846): 24-27 ("The ac	Henry II (I6784)
6030	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY III OF ENGLAND, King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Aquitaine, son and heir, born at Winchester 1 October 1207. He ascended the throne 19 October 1216, and was crowned at Gloucester 28 October 1216, again at Westminster Abbey 17 May 1220. Sometime prior to 19 October 1216, he contracted to marry Yolande of Brittany [see LUSIGNAN 6], daughter of Pierre de Braine, Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, Henry agreeing to obtain a dispensation from the Pope for that purpose. This contract was eventually voided. In 1226 he released all his right in the city and county of Angoulême, the city of Saintonge, and the castles of Cognac and Merpins to his mother and step-father. Henry assumed personal rule when he declared himself to be of full age in Jan. 1227. He married (1st) by proxy in 1235 JEANNE DE DAMMARTIN, daughter and co-heiress of Simon de Dammartin, Count of Ponthieu and Montreuil [see DAMMARTIN 4], which marriage was annulled without consummation 27 April 1236, on grounds that they were related in the 4th degree of kindred. He married (2nd) at Canterbury Cathedral, Kent 14 Jan. 1236 ELEANOR OF PROVENCE, 2nd daughter and co-heiress of Raymond Berenger V, Count and Marquis of Provence, Count of Forcalquier, by Beatrice, daughter of Thomas (or Tomniaso) I, Count of Savoy, Marquis in Italy. They had nine children (see below). Henry's personal rule in the direction of royal finances without the participation of the barons provoked discontent. The barons were further repelled by the influence over his government by his Queen's Savoyard kinsmen. His Lusignan half-brothers involved him in a disastrous foray in France. Henry's need for financial support compelled him in 1258 to agree to the creation of a privy council of barons to advise him and to oversee the administration of government. In 1259 he gave up his claim to Normandy and other hereditary possessions of the crown in France, in return for some territories in Gascony which had been lost. His major baronial opponent by 1263 was his brother-in-law, Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 10]. In the ensuing civil war, Montfort captured Henry and his eldest son, Edward, at the Battle of Lewes in Sussex 14 May 1264. Montfort ruled England in Henry's name until he was defeated and killed at the Battle of Evesham 4 August 1265. By the treaty of Montgomery in 1267, Henry III recognized Llywelyn ap Gruffudd as Prince of Wales and Snowdon, following Llywelyn's establishment of control over Gwynedd Uwch Conwy and Perfeddwlad, and supremacy over the other Welsh rulers. HENRY III OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk 16 Nov. 1272, and was buried at Westminster Abbey. His widow, Eleanor, entered Amesbury Priory, Wiltshire, where she was veiled 7 July 1286. She gave five pounds of silver every Friday to the poor in reverence for the five wounds of Christ. In 1290 she requested a commission of oyer and terrniner from the king to enquire into trespasses committed by her stewards or bailiffs throughout her lands. Eleanor, Queen of England, died testate at Amesbury Priory 24 June 1291, and was buried in the Convent Church there 10 Sept. 1291. In 1292 Henry's heart was delivered by the Abbot of Winchester to the Abbess of Fontrevault, to whom the king promised it when he visited her house in 1254. Godwin De Præsulibus Angliæ Commentarius (?1616): 641 (Godfrey Giffard, Bishop of Worcester styled "Regi sanguine propinquus" [i.e., near kinsman to King Henry III of England) (see also Foss Judges of England 3 (1851): 93; Bund Reg. of Godfrey Giffard 1 (1902): xxiii, footnote 4). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 87-94. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1363-1366 (letter of Eleanor of Provence, Queen of England, and her son, King Edward I). Nichols Coll. Of All the Wills (1780): 15-17 (will of King Henry II). Rymer Fædora 1 (1816): 156 (King Henry III styled "kinsman" by Philippe Auguste, King of France), 179 (Raymond VII, Duke of Narbonne, Count of Toulouse, etc., styled "kinsman"), 194 (Otto, Duke of Brunswick, styled "kinsman"), 222 (B. de Mastak' [Matha] styled "kinsman"), 259,489 (instances of Marguerite, Countess of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinswoman"), 301 (King Henry III styled "kinsman" by Alfonso X, King of Castile), 389-390, 392 (instances of King Henry III styled "kinsman" [consobrino, consanguineo] by Louis IX, King of France), 470 (Albert, Duke of Brunswick, styled "kinsman" by King Henry III, Alice [Alaisiam, Alesiam] de Monte Ferrato (Monferrato]] styled "kinswoman" [neptem] of Queen Eleanor of Provence), 475 (Peter of Savoy styled "uncle"). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 2 (1819): 334,338. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 5-7 (will of King Henry III). Champollion-Figeac Lettres de Rois, Reines et autres Personages des Cours de France et d’Angleterre 1 (1839): 41-42 (Blanche [of Castile], Queen of France, styled "kinswoman" [consanguinea] by King Henry III in letter dated 1233), 53 (T., Treasurer of Tours, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Henry III in letter dated 1247). Coll. Top. et Gen. 6 (1840): 245-261. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 20-21. Sessional Papers in Session 1845: Vol. 38 Rpts. from the Commissioners (1845): 89 (Raymund de Landon styled "cousin" by Queen Eleanor [of Provence] in undated letter to her son, King Edward I). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 372 ([Agnes of Saxony], wife of [Otto], son of Ludwig I, Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] by King Henry III of England in 1227). Giles Matthew Paris's English Hist. 2 (1853): 274-276 (sub 1248: "In the month of December in this year, [Stephen de Charron] the prior of Thetford, a Savoyard by birth, and a monk of Clugny, who declared himself to be a relation or kinsman of the queen, and had assumed airs of pride from that circumstance, invited his brothers, Bernard, a knight, and Guiscard, a beastly clerk, to come to his house at Thetford."). Stevenson Church Historians of England 4(1) (1856): 168 (Chron. of Melrose: "A.D. 1217. Upon the kalends of June [1st June] a battle was fought at Lincoln, between the supporters of Louis, the son of the king of France, and those who held with Henry [III], the new king of England. With the former sided the larger part of the whole knighthood of England and France, of whom the following were the most illustrious: The marshal of France, with his retainers; [Thomas] the earl of Perches, who is said to have been the uncle of this Louis, and a kinsman to each of the two kings, (of England, namely, and of France,) with his retainers..."). Shirley Royal & Other Hist. Letters Ill. of King Henry III 1 (1862) (Rolls Ser. 27): 107-108 (Philippe Auguste, King of France styled "kinsman" by King Henry III of England), 295-296 (reference to commit to marry Yolande of Brittany), 482 (Joan, Countess of Flanders and Hainault, styled "kinswoman”): 2 (Rolls Ser. 27) (1866): 42-43 & 101-102 (letters of Queen Eleanor of Provence), 240-242 (instances of Reyrnundus de Bonisvilla [Raymond de Bouville] styled "kinsman"), 273-274, 279, 281-282, 339 (instances of Marguerite, Countess of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinswoman" to King Henry III), 304-305 (Louis IX, King of France styled "kinsman" to King Henry III). Luard Annales Monastici 4 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1869): 492 (Annals of Worcester sub A.D. 1286- "Nonis Julii Flianora mater regis suscepit habitum sanctmonialis apud Ambrebure."), 506 (Annals of Worcester sub AD. 1291 - "Quinto kal. Julii [27 June] regina Elianora mater regis apud Ambrebure obiit sanctimonialis; et quarto idus Septembris [10 Sept.] rege presente et multis prælatis Anglia ibidem sepulta fuerat cum honore."). Boutaric Saint Louis et Alfonso de Poitiers (1870): 105 (Marguerite of Provence, Queen of France, styled "sister" [soror] by Eleanor of Provence, Queen of England in 1263), 105-106 (Eleanor of Provence, Queen of England, styled "sister" [soror] by Marguerite of Provence, Queen of France). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Mejora 6 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1882): 186-187 (Albert, parish priest of Campilio, styled 'kinsman" [consanguineus] of [Eleanor of Provence], Queen of England, in letter of Pope Innnocent IV dated 1249). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 231 (Ex Brevi Historia Comitum Provinciæ "Idelfonsus autem Comes Provinciæ factus Gersendem neptem Comitis Folcalquerii in uxorem duxit, ex qua Berengarium-Raitnundus ultimum Comitem Catalonum habuit, qui in uxorem habuit filiam ducis Sabaudi, in cujus Berengarii minibus Nicentini juramentum fidelitatum præstitenint sub anno MCCXXIX, die nona mensis novembris. Et hic Berengarius fuit famosus pulchritudine quatuor filiarum suarem, videlicit Helionoræ secundo genitæ, quam Henrico III Anglorum Regi declit, de quibus meminit Hostiensis in Summa, in titulum de clandestina desponsatione, quid igitur si tota patria."). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 98-99 (seal of Queen Eleanor of Provence dated 1235-1236 - Obverse. Figure of Queen on corbel, full length, crowned, draped in loose dress girded at waist and reaching in graceful folds below feet, in loose cloak, buckled at neck and reaching almost to the ground. In right hand a long cross or sceptre surmounted by cross and floreated, in left hand a similar sceptre ensigned with orb and dove. Beneath corbel a lion sejant guardant. Legend: ALIA[NORA DE]I : GRACIA : REG[IN]A : ANGLIE : DOMINA : HYBERNI[E]. Reverse. Suspended by strap, from richly designed tree of three branches, a shield of arms: ENGLAND. Legend: [A]LIANO[RA :] DVCISSA : NORMANNIE : [ET: A]QVITANIE : COMITIS[SA : ANDEGAVRE].). Papal Regs.: Letters 1 (1893): 201, 224 [instances of Guy de Roussillon styled "king's clerk and kinsman" - see C.P.R 1232-1247 (1906): 418; list of Diplomatic Docs., Scottish Docs. & Papal Bulls (PRO Lists and Indexes 49) (1923): 242 (Guy was Archdeacon of Lyons in 1254)], 249, 252 (instances of Albert, curate of Campilio, papal chaplain, styled "kinsman" of [Eleanor], Queen of England), 283, 311 (instances of Raymond/Remund de Bonisvilla [Bouville], papal chaplain, "styled "king's kinsman"), 260, 266 (instances of Aymer de Lezigniaco [Lusignan], papal chaplain, styled "kinsman" of the king of England' "). C.P.R. 1216-1225 (1901): 53 (Robert de Courtenay of Okehampton styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Henry III in 1217). C.P.R. 1225-1232 (1903): 98. Genealogist n.s. 21(1905): 4-11 [Peter de Genève (died 1249) and Ebles de Genève (died 1259), identified as near kinsmen of Eleanor of Provence; see C.P. 5 (1926): 629 (sub Geneville), footnote e; Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 11(1986): 158 (sub Genf)]. C.C.R. 1231-1234 (1905): 340 (William de Mastac [Matha] styled "king's kinsman"). C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 122(J[oan], Countess of Flanders, styled "kinswoman"), 190 (Robert le Clerc, son of Robert de Curtenay, styled "king's kinsman"), 242, 251, 355 (instances of Thomas of Savoy, Count of Flanders and Hainault, styled "king's uncle"), 251, 253, 266 (instances of Peter of Savoy styled "king's uncle"), 382 (Albret styled "king's kinsman"), 412 (Fink de Castro Novo styled "king's kinsman"). Auvray Regs. de Gregoire IX 2 (1907): 380-381. C.C.R. 1234-1237 (1908): 340 (B[oson] de Mastak' [Matha], count of Bigorre, styled "kinsman") (see article on Matha family at website www.ifrance.com/poitou/Chatel.htm.). C.P.R. 1247-1258 (1908): 9 (A[madeus] Count of Savoy styled "king's uncle" by King Henry III of England in 1248), 34, 48 (instances of Peter de Sabaudia [Savoy] styled "king's uncle"), 36 (Thibaut I, King of Navarre, Count Palatine of Champagne & Brie, styled "kinsman"), 222, 406 & 563 (Robert son of the Count of Burgundy styled "king's kinsman" in 1253, 1255, and 1257), 313-314, 385, 415, 468, 532 (instances of Isabel de Croun [Craon] styled "king's sister"), 344 (instances of Count Thomas of Sabaudia [Savoy], styled "king's uncle" in 1254), 399 (Eschivat de Chabbeneys [Chabanais], count of Bigorre, styled "king's kinsman"), 424, 429 (instances of Master Simon de Rupe Cauardi [Rochechouart] styled "king's kinsman" [see Clay York Minster Fasti 2 (Yorkshire Arch. Soc. Recs. 124) (1959): 51, 490 (Geoffrey Martel styled "king's kinsman" [see Cuttino Gaston Reg. A 2 (1975): 527]). D.N.B. 6 (1908): 597-598 (biog. of Eleanor of Provence: "... The extreme unpopularity of Queen Eleanor is reflected in nearly all the contemporary annalists"); 9 (1908): 463-482 (biog. of Henry III: "... He had a refined mind and cultivated tastes... He was sincerely religious... His life was moral... Though obstinate, he was infirm of purpose, and no dependence could be placed on him... shifty and false... He had no talent for administration... his campaigns were disgracefully managed"). C.P.R. 1258-1266 (1910): 86 (Raymond de Bevill [Bouville] and Bertrand his brother, sons of Bernard de Bevill [Bouville], styled "kinsmen of the king"), 158, 241-242, 245-246 (instances of Raymond de Bovis Villa [Bouville] styled "king's kinsman"), 208 (Alfonse, Count of Toulouse and Poitiers, styled "king's kinsman"), 277 ([Alice] sister of [Guillermo] marquis of Monferrato styled "king's niece" in 1263), 283, 293 (instances of "A[lbert], Duke of Brunswick, styled "king's kinsman"), 350, 398, 659 (instances of Marguerite, Countess of Flanders, styled "king's kinswoman"), 494, 528, 567 (instances of Bertram de Boyvill (or Bovis Villa) [Bouville] styled "king's kinsman"), 527, 541-542, 544 (instances of Geoffrey de Leziniaco [Lusignan] styled "king's brother"), 532 (Guy de Marchia [Marche] styled "king's nephew"), 554 (Aymer [de Lusignan], bishop elect of Winchester styled "king's late brother'), 666, 668 (instances of Peter, count of Savoy, styled "king's uncle"). C.P.R. 1266-1272 (1913): 3 (Albert, Duke of Brunswick, styled "king's kinsman"; his wife, Alice de Monte Ferrato [Monferrato] styled "niece of Queen Eleanor"), 64, 606, 618-619 (instances of Bertram de Bovisvilla [Bouville] styled "king's kinsman"), 197, 304 (instances of Philip de Sabaudia [Savoy], count of Burgundy, styled "king's uncle"), 310 (Peter de Sabaudia [Savoy] (deceased) styled "queen's uncle"), 318, 622 (Elisenta, wife of Matthew de Loveyn, styled "king's kinswoman"), 336 ([Alice], wife of [Albert], Duke of Brunswick, styled "king's niece"), 455 (Maurice, lord of Craon, styled "king's nephew"). C.P. 3 (1913): 320, footnote c (Margaret of Savoy, wife of Baldwin de Reviers, 7th Earl of Devon, styled "king's kinswoman"). Cal. Liberate Rolls 1 (1916): 195 (Alpesia, nun of Amesbury, styled "king's cousin"), 323 (Robert de Courtenay, son of Robert, styled "king's kinsman"), 486 (Ferrandus [Fernando], son of the King of Portugal, styled "king's cousin"); 2 (1930): 23 (Ségur styled "king's cousin"); 3 (1937): 128 (Gwidona, wife of Hugh Chaceporc, styled "king's kinswoman" [see C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 502-Gwydona styled "king's kinwoman" (cognata) D, 130, 218, 278, 330, 335, 357 (Peter de Abuzun styled "king's kinsman") [see also C/270/26/1 (Peter de Aubenzun styled "royal kinsman"); C.P.R. 1247-1258 (1908): 88, 143, 459], 152, 189 (Fulk de Castro Novo [Châteauneuf] styled "king's cousin") [see C.C.R. 1242-1247 (1916): 498; Genealogist n.s. 21(1905): 8 (footnote 22), 242], 220, 242 (Alice de Blois, Abbess of Fontevrault, styled "king's kinswoman"), 240, 242 (Hugh Anselmi (or Anselmes) styled "king's kinsman"), 302 (Odo [Otto], Duke of Brunswick, styled "king's kinsman" - C.C.R. 1227-1231 (1902): 95, 233-234), 330 (William de Chabeneis [Chabanais] styled "king's kinsman" [see C.P.R. 1247-1258 (1908): 119, 174, 257 (Segur de Castro Novo [Châteauneuf] styled "king's kinsman") [see Genealogist n.s. 2] (1905): 8, footnote 22; C.P.R. 1247-1258 (1908): 5, 257; Castaigne Chron. de l'Abbaye de la Couronne (1864): 131; Cuttino Gascon Reg. A 2 (1975): 578 (Ségur de Chateu Nou [Castelnau] styled "mon coysi" by Raimond Viger d'Archiac)], 327 (Arnold de Bovine [Bouville], clerk, styled "of his [the king's] "kinship') [see C.C.R. 1256-1259 (1932): 45 (Arnald de Bevyle [Bouville] styled "king's kinsman")], 561, 567 (Henry of Castile brother of King of Castile styled "king's kinsman"); 6 (1964): 116 (Bertram de Bovisvilla [Boville] styled "king's yeoman and kinsman"). Wall Handbook of the Maude Roll (1919) unpaginated (ped. dated c.1461-85: "Henricus Tertius]"). C.C.R. 1247-1251 (1922): 389, 507 (Raymond de Bovis Villa [Bouville] styled "king's kinsman") [see also C.C.R. 1254-1256 (1931): 258, 289 (Raymond de Beyvyle [Bouville] styled "king's kinsman")]. List of Diplomatic Docs., Scottish Docs. & Papal Bulls (PRO Lists and Indexes 49) (1923): 229. VCH Berkshire 4 (1924): 162-168. Benoit Recueil des Actes des Comtes de Provence Appartenant à la Maison de Barcelone 1 (1925): table facing XXXVL C.C.R. 1261-1264 (1936): 170 (A[lbert], Duke of Brunswick, styled "kinsman"), 282 (Raymond de Bovisville [Bouville] styled "king's kinsman")]. C.C.R. 1253-1254 (1929): 225 (William de Bovill [Bouville]' styled "king's kinsman"), 246 (Emerico de Rupe Cauard' [Amaury de Rochechouart] styled "king's kinsman"). Tout Chapters in the Administratve Hist. of Mediaval England 5 (1930): 232-235. Powicke King Henry III & the Lord Edward (1947). Hatton Book of Seals (1950): 45-46 (John de Caux styled "kinsman" of Queen Eleanor). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 3rd Ser. 16 (1953): 25-40. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 120-121, 131-132, 136-137, 140-141, 148-149. Powicke Handbook of British Chron. (1961): 34-35. Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 18-24, 92 (arms of Henry III: Gales, three lions passant gardent in pale or). Chaplais Diplomatic Docs. 1 (1964): 154-155 (King Henry III styled "kinsman" [affini/consanguineo] by Berenguela, Queen of Castile and Toledo, in letters dated c.1217-1230), 181-182 (King Henry III styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by Alfonso X, King of Castile in letter dated 1254), 267-268 (Charles, Count of Anjou, styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King Henry III of England in letter dated 1264). Tremlett et al. Rolls of Arms Henry III (H.S.P. 113-4) (1967): 30, 71 (Fulk de Châteauneuf styled "king's cousin" [consoblinus] by Matthew Paris). Cox Eagles of Savoy (1974). Cuttino Gascon Reg. A 2 (1975): 531-532 (King Henry III styled "kinsman" by King Louis IX of France). Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 17-18. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 70 (sub Aragon, Barcelona, and Provence), 83 (sub England). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 37-38. Carpenter Minority of Henry III (1990). Williamson Kings & Queens of Britain (1991): 69-70 (biog. of Henry III: "... What Henry lacked in statesmanship was largely compensated by a cultivated mind and a patronage of literature and the arts... His rebuilding of Westminster Abbey... was his greatest achievement"), 70-71 (biog. of Eleanor of Provence: "... strong-willed, avaricious and pleasure-loving, but she was a loyal wife and mother"). Howell "Children of King Henry III" (13th Cent. England 4) (1992): 57-72. Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Brault Rolls of Arms Edward I 2 (1997): 153 (arms of Eleanor of Provence: Gules, three lions passant guardant or, impaling paly or and gules, both dimidiated). Howell Eleanor of Provence (1998): 53, 108 (Alice, wife of Richard de Burgh [died 1248], probable kinswoman of Queen Eleanor [see C.P. 12(2) (1959): 171, footnote e (sub Ulster)]; Matthew of Paris Matthai Parisiensis Monachi Sancti Aibani Historia Anglorum 3 (Rolls Ser. 44) (1869): 25], 168 (Isabel wife of Ingram de Fiennes styled "queen's kinswoman" [cognata regine], citing E101/349/26 mm. 1-2 [Date: 41-47 Henry III (1256-63)]). Sayer Original Papal Docs. in England & Wales (1198-1304) (1999): 97-99, 159-160, 184-185, 203. Church King John: New Interpretations (1999): 175, footnote 31. Kerr Religious Life for Women, c.1100-c.1350: Fontevraud in England (1999): 99, 109-110, 113, 115, 119, 144, 185, 240. Tyerman Who's Who in Early Medieval England 1066-1272 (2001): 301-311 (biog. of Henry III: "Henry was fond of insisting on the majesty of his office, and keen to accuse those he disliked of treason. His concept of his office was grand but his use of the prerogative bounded by practical limits."). English Hist. Rev. 120 (2005): 987-1013. Children of Henry III of England, by Eleanor of Provence: i. EDWARD I OF ENGLAND [see next]. ii. MARGARET (or MARGERY) OF ENGLAND, married ALEXANDER III, King of Scots [see SCOTLAND 6]. iii. BEATRICE (or BEATRICE) OF ENGLAND, married JEAN (or JOHN) II OF BRITTANY, Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond [see BRITTANY 9]. iv. EDMUND OF ENGLAND, Knt., Earl of Lancaster, Leicester, and Derby, married (1st) AVELINE DE FORZ [see LANCASTER 7]; (2nd) BLANCHE OF ARTOIS [see LANCASTER 7; BLOIS 7]. v. RICHARD OF ENGLAND, born about 1247, died 29 August 1250, and was buried at Westminster Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 92. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 20-21. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Stevenson Rental of all the Houses in Gloucester, A.D. 1455(1890): 121 (ped. in Hist. of the Kings of England dated c.1470). Wall Handbook of the Maude Roll (1919) unpaginated (ped. dated c.1461-85: "Ricardus qui jacet apud Westmonasto"). vi. JOHN OF ENGLAND, born at Advent 1250, died 31 August 1252, and was buried at Westminster Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 92. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 20-21. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Stevenson Rental of all the Houses in Gloucester, AD. 1455 (1890): 121 (ped. in Hist. of the Kings of England dated c.1470). Wall Handbook of the Maude Roll (1919) unpaginated (ped. dated c.1461-85: "Johannes qui jacet Westmio"). vii. KATHERINE OF ENGLAND, born at London 25 Nov. 1253, died at Windsor Castle 3 May 1257. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 94. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 20-21. Green Lives of the Princesses of England 2 (1857): 270-274. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Cbronica Mejora 5 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1880): 632 (sub A.D. 1257- "Obiit Katerina ftlia domini regis. Et circa Inventionem sancta Crucis [3 May], obiit filia domini rgeis Katerina, muta et inutilis, sed facie pulcherrirna. Regina autem mater ejus dolore concepto infirmitate quasi irremediabiliter occupabatur, nec potuit ei phisica vel humana consolatio suffragari."). Stevenson Rental of all the Houses in Gloucester, A.D. 1455(1890): 121 (ped. in Hist. of the Kings of England dated c.1470). Wall Handbook of the Maude Roll (1919) unpaginated (ped. dated c.1461-85: "Katrina qui cito obiit"). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 3rd Ser. 16 (1953): 25-40. viii. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, died 1259, and was buried at New Temple. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 92. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 20-21. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Stevenson Rental of all the Houses in Gloucester, AD. 1455(1890): 121 (ped. in Hist. of the Kings of England dated c.1470). Wall Handbook of the Maude Roll (1919) unpaginated (ped. dated c.1461-85: "Willelmus qui sepultus est in templo"). ix. HENRY OF ENGLAND, born May 1260, died 10 October 1260, and was buried at Westminster Abbey. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 93. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 20-21. Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Stevenson Rental of all the Houses in Gloucester, A.D. 1455(1890): 121 (ped. in Hist. of the Kings of England dated c.1470). Wall Handbook of the Maude Roll (1919) unpaginated (ped. dated c.1461-85: "Henricus qui jacet Westmio").” 2. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): "JOHN OF ENGLAND (nicknamed Lackland), King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, youngest son, born at Oxford about 27 Dec. 1166. In 1173 he was contracted to marry Alice of Maurienne, eldest daughter of Humbert III, Count of Maurienne and Savoy, Marquis of Italy. This marriage scheme failed when his older brother, Henry, as count of Anjou, refused their father's proposal to give John the castles of Chinon, Loudun, and Mirebeau. In 1174 it was agreed that John should have Nottingham and Marlborough Castles in England and certain castles and rents in France. In 1177 his father declared him King of Ireland, and arranged his succession to the earldom of Gloucester. In March 1185 his father knighted him at Windsor, and sent him to govern Ireland. John treated the Irishmen with such insolence, they deserted the English cause and kept the Kings of Limerick, Cork, and Connacht from coming to do fealty to him. He was recalled from Ireland by his father in Sept. 1185. His father's continued favor to him contributed to the rebellion of John's older brother, Richard, though at the end of Henry's reign, John deserted his father to support Richard. On Richard's accession as king in 1189, he made John Count of Mortain in Normandy, and granted him the castles and honours of Marlborough, Ludgershall, Lancaster, Bolsover, and the Peak, the town of Nottingham, the honours of Tickhill and Wallingford, and the county of Derby, with the honour of Peverel. John married (1st) at Marlborough, Wiltshire 29 August 1189 ISABEL OF GLOUCESTER, Countess of Gloucester, lady of Glamorgan, youngest daughter and co-heiress of William Fitz Robert, Earl of Gloucester, by Hawise, daughter of Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester [see GLOUCESTER 4 for her ancestry]. Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury, protested against the marriage, John and Isabel being related in the 3rd degree of kindred. They had no issue. He was present at the Coronation of his brother, King Richard I, in Sept. 1189. By the end of 1189, John was further granted the counties of Dorset, Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall, with all rights of jurisdiction. In 1191, while Richard was on crusade, John broke his promise not to enter England during Richard's absence, and, on learning of Richard's imprisonment in Germany, attempted unsuccessfully to seize control of England. On Richard's return in 1193, John was deprived of his English lands and excommunicated. In May 1193 Richard and John were reconciled by the mediation of the queen- mother. In 1195 Richard granted him the county of Mortain, the honour of Eye, and earldom of Gloucester. In the beginning of April 1199, as Richard was dying, he named John his successor in England and all his dominions. On the death of Richard, 6 April 1199, John ascended the throne and was crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey 27 May 1199. In 1199 he obtained a divorce from his wife, Isabel, on grounds of consanguinity. She was subsequently kept a state prisoner until 1214.* John married (2nd) at Bordeaux 24 August 1200 ISABEL OF ANGOULÊME, daughter and heiress of Adémar (or Aitnar) Ill Taillefer, Count of Angoulême, by Alice (or Alaïs, Alaidis), daughter of Pierre of France, seigneur of Courtenay, Montargis, and Châteaurenard (younger son of Louis VI, King of France). She was born in 1188, and was previously contracted to marry Hugues IX le Brun (died Nov. 1219), Count of La Marche, seigneur of Lusignan and Couhé. She was crowned queen 8 October 1200. They had five children (see below). By various mistresses, King John had a large number of illegitimate children, including nine sons, Richard, Knt., Oliver, John, Geoffrey, Henry, Knt., Osbert Giffard, Eudes (or Ives), Bartholomew (clerk), and possibly Philip, and four daughters, Joan, ___, Maud [Abbess of Barking], and allegedly Isabel. War with France followed John's refusal to appear in 1202 before King Philippe Auguste of France concerning the grievance of the Lusignans. At first John was successful in defending his French lands, capturing his nephew, Arthur of Brittany, in August 1202, but, in 1204, he lost Normandy, Anjou, Maine, and Touraine to the French king. For the next ten years, John resided almost permanently in England (the first such Angevin king) and attempted to restore his finances for further warfare in France by determined taxation and exploitation of his feudal prerogatives (later the basis for the charge of tyranny). In 1205 he began a quarrel with the Church when he refused to accept Pope Innocent III's nomination of Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury. His intransigence in the matter led the Pope to impose an interdict on England in 1208, suspending all religious services, and excommunicating King John. In 1210 he went to Ireland, where he took Carrickfergus, seized the lands of the Lacys and banished the Earl of Ulster, built several fortresses, appointed sheriffs and other officers to carry out the English system of law, and coined new money. He arrested all the Jews in England, and made them pay 66,000 marks. In 1211 he made an expedition into North Wales, compelled the submission of Llywelyn, and raised fortresses. In 1213, after five years of amassing the revenues of vacant or appropriated sees and abbeys, John agreed to become a vassal to the Pope for an annual tribute of one thousand marks, with absolution from excommunication and the lifting of the interdict. In 1214 John conducted another campaign in France, and suffered a disastrous defeat at the Battle of Bouvines on the river Margne. An alliance of barons took advantage of this defeat to launch a rebellion which was successful in forcing John to agree to a comprehensive and humiliating agreement at Runnymede near Windsor 19 June 1215 called the Magna Carta [Great Charter]. This defined the rights of the Church, barons, and the people. John soon repudiated the charter, claiming he acted under duress, and civil war ensued. JOHN, King of England, died testate suddenly at the Bishop of Lincoln's castle at Newark 19 October 1216, and was buried at Worcester Cathedral. His widow, Isabel, returned to France in 1217, to take up residence in her native city of Angoulême. She reasserted her control over Cognac, and entered into prolonged and violent disputes with Reginald de Pons over the castle of Merpins, and with Bartholomew le Puy. She married (2nd) 10 May 1220 HUGUES [X] LE BRUN (otherwise known as HUGUES DE LUSIGNAN), Count of La Marche, seigneur of Lusignan, Château-Larcher, Montreuil-Bonnin, and la Mothe-Saint-Heray, and, in right of his wife, Count of Angoulême, son and heir of Hugues [IX] le Brun, Count of La Marche, seigneur of Lusignan and Couhe, by his 1st wife, Agatha, daughter of Pierre de Montrabel, seigneur of Preuilly. They had five sons, Hugh le Brun (XI) [Count of La Marche and Angoulême], Guy (or Gui), Chev. [seigneur of Couhe, Cognac, Merpins, etc.], Geoffrey, Chev. [seigneur of Jarnac, Châteauneuf, Château-Larcher, etc.], William de Valence, Knt. [Lord (or Earl) of Pembroke], and Aymer [Bishop elect of Winchester], and four daughters, Agnes (wife of Goillaume de Chauvigiy, seigneur of Châteauroux), Alice (or Alix) (wife of John de Warenne, Knt., 7th Earl of Surrey [see WARENNE 9]), Isabelle (wife of Maurice IV de Craon), and Marguerite (wife successively of Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse [see ENGLAND 4.vii.a above], Amaury IX, Vicomte of Thouars, and Geoffroi V, seigneur of Châteaubriant). In 1224 Hugues de Lusignan defected to King Louis VIII of France during the Capetian invasion of Poitou, with Louis promising Isabel 2000 lives Parisis annually in return for her dower lands forfeit in England, and the annual revenues of Langeais near Tours in exchange for rights that she claimed as dower at Saumur in Anjou. In 1230 they entered into alliance with King Louis IX of France, who granted Isabel an annual pension of 5000 livres Tours in return for resignation of her dower rights she daimed in England, Normandy, and Anjou. In 1242 she and her husband, Hugues, rebelled against the French. In return for a pardon from King Louis IX, they were forced to relinquish the pensions paid to them since 1224 and to abandon their claim to Saintes. Isabel was subsequently implicated in a plot to poison King Louis IX and his brother, Alphonse, Count of Poitiers. Isabel, dowager Queen of England, Countess of La Marche and Angoulême, subsequently took refuge in Fontevrault Abbey, where she died testate 4 June 1246. She was initially buried in the common graveyard of the Abbey, but at her son, King Henry III's request, her remains were moved in 1254 to the choir of the Abbey Church. Hugues [X] de Lusignan, Count of La Marche and Angoulême, went on crusade to Holy Land in 1248. He was mortally wounded at the capture of Damietta 6 June 1249. He left a will dated 8 August 1248. (* Note: In 1207 Isabel of Gloucester, former wife of King John, was lodged in Sherborne Castle [see Hardy Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum 1 (1833): 92; Hardy Rotali Iitterarum Patentium (1835): 77; C.P. 5 (1926): 689-692 (sub Gloucester)]. Early in 1214, she was in Bristol Castle, apparently closely guarded (ibid., p. 108b), and was brought thence to be given in marriage to Geoffrey de Mandeville [see Hardy Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum 1 (1833): 162b, 163b, 209b; Hardy Rotuli Litterarum Patentium' (1835): 109b; English Hist. Rev. 61(1946): 294, footnote 11. She married (2nd) 16/26 Jan. 1213/4 (as his 2nd wife) Geoffrey de Mandeville, Knt., Earl of Essex [see ESSEX 2.i], Constable of the Tower of London, 1213, joint Marshal of the Army of the Barons, 1215, and, in right of his wife, Earl of Gloucester [see Palgrave Antient Kalendars & Invs. of the Treasury of His Majesty's Exchequer 1 (1836): 90 (Isabel, wife of Geoffrey de Mandeville, styled "kinswoman" [cognatam] of King John; Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 282 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1215: "Obiit Gaufridus de Mandevilla comes de Essexia."); Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 685 (sub Essex); Doyle Official Baronage of England 2 (1886): 12-13 (sub Gloucester); C.P. 5 (1926): 126-130 (sub Essex); Holt Magna Calla (1992): 206-2101. They had no issue. He died 23 Feb. 1215/6, and was buried in Trinity Priory within Aldgate Nee Luard Annales Monartici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 282 (Annals of Waverley sub A.D. 1215: "Obiit Gaufiidus de Mandevilla comes de Essexia.").]. Isabel married (3rd) c.17 Sept. 1217 (as his 2nd wife) Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent [see BARDOLF 8; SCOTLAND 4.iii]. They had no issue. Isabel, Countess of Gloucester and Essex, died 14 October 1217, and was buried in Canterbury Cathedral Church [see Luard Annales Monastici 2 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1865): 289 (Annales de Waverleia sub A.D. 1217: "Obiit Isabel comitissa Gloucestriæ"); Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 142 ( Canterbury Obituary Lists: "14 October [2 Id. Oct] Obierunt Ysabel comitissa Gouernie, soror et benefactrix nostra")]. Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent, died 12 May 1243, and was buried in church of the Black Friars in Holborn [see Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon Ex Chronicle 2 (1849): 179 (sub 1243: "Hubertus de Burgo, comes Cantiæ, obiit III. id. Maii [13 Maii]"); English Hist. Rev. 19 (1904): 707-711; C.P. 7 (1929): 133-142 (sub Kent); English Hist. Rev. 50 (1935): 418-432]. See also Clark Land of Morgan (1883): 64-92; University of Toronto Deed Research Project, #00810076, 00810114, 00810140, 00810141, 00810142, 00810143, 00810144, 00810145, 00810146, 00810147, 00810150, 01400342 (charters of Isabel, Countess of Gloucester and Essex, dated variously 1214-1217) (available at http:// res.deeds_utoronto.ca:49838/research).) Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 49,81-87. Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1725): 474 (sub Courtenay); 3 (1728): 75-81 (sub Lezignem). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1745): 41 ([Raoul] Vicomte of Beaumont styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King John in 1202). Nichols Coll. of All the Wills (1780): 13-14 (will of King John). Rymer Fædera 1(1) (1816): 91 (Reynold, King of Man, styled "kinsman" by King John). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 315-321. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 5 (will of King John). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(3) (1830): 1169. Hardy Rotuli Litterarum Patentium in Turri Londiensi Asservati (1835): 71b (Queen Isabel of Angoulême styled "sister" [i.e., half-sister] to Pierre, Count of Joigny). Hardy Rotuli Chartarum in Turri Loncunensi asservad 1(1) (1837): 20-21 (Constance de Toeni daughter of Richard Vicomte de Beaumont styled "kinswoman" [consanguinee] by King John in charter dated 1199), 34 (Adam Simla [of Stapley (in Odiham), Hampshire] styled "kinsman" [cognato] by King John in charter dated 1200), 126 (Henr' de Puteaco [Henry du Puiset] styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King John in charter dated 1204), 150 (Mary, Abbess of Shaftesbury styled "aunt" [amita] by King John in charter dated 1205). Fonteneau Tables des Manuscrits 1 (Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de l'Ouest 4) (1839): 195, 197, 202-205, 208, 211-213, 215, 217, 221, 224, 229, 230. Reiffenberg Monuments pour servir a l'Histoire des Provinces de Namur; de Hainaut et de Luxembourg 1 (1844): 324-325 (Philippe, Count of Namur, styled "kinsman" by John, lord of Ireland, Count of Mortain, in 1193). Hawley Regal Fam. of England (1851): 18-20. Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Charles 4th Ser. 2 (1856): 537-545. BuIL Son Arch. & Hist. de la Charente 2nd Ser. 1 (1856): 116-252. Wurstemberger Peter der Zweite, Graf von Savoyen, Markgraf in Italien 4 (1858): 8-12 (marriage contract dated 1173 between John, son of King Henry II, and Alice, daughter of Humbert, Count of Maurienne). Shirley Royal & Other Hist. Letters Ill. of King Henry III 1 (1862) (Rolls Ser. 27): 22-23, 32-34, 114-115, 536 (letters of Queen Isabel of Angoulême). Douet d'Arcq Coll. de Sceaux des Archives de l'Empire 1(1) (1863): 397-398 (seal of Hugues X de Lusignan dated 1224-Sceau equestre. Le comte à cheval, en costume de chasse, le cor au cou et tenant à la main un petit chien pose sur la croupe du cheval. Légende: * SIGILL' : HVGONIS : DE : LEZINIACO : COMITIS : ENGOLISME; Revers. Ecu burelé. Le champ à arabesques. Légende: + SIGILL’ : HVGONIS : DE: LEZINIACO : COMITIS : MARCHIE.) Docs. Hist. sur l'Angorimois 1 (1864): 131-133 (charter of Hugues de Lusignan, Count of La Marche, and his wife, Isabel ["Hysabella'], Countess of La Marche and Angoulême, dated 1226). Button Chronica Monasterii de Melsa 1 (1866): 246 (sub A.D. 1189: "Post coronationem autem suam, rex Ricardus Johanni fratri suo, præter id quod ex dono paterno in Hibernia et Normannia habuerat, provincias Cornubiæ, Devoniæ, Notyngamiæ et Lancastriæ, contulit. Sed et filiam comitis Glovemiae, in tertio gradu consanguineam suam, cum integritate paterni juris, eidem copulavit."). Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Chartes 2 (1866): 38-39, 68, 121, 140, 175-176, 182-183, 241, 313, 453, 457, 476-477, 498-499, 513, 571-572, 574-576, 622-624. Delisle "Chronologie Hist. des Comtes de la Marche" (Bull. Société Archéologique et Hist. de la Charente) 4th Ser. 4 (1867): 3-16. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 13 (1869): 309 (Ex Roberti Abbatis Appendice ad Sigebertum: "Anno MCLXVII (1167) Natus est Johannes filius Regis Anglorum"). Luard Annales Monastici 4 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1869): 407 (Annals of Worcester sub A.D. 1216 - "Johannes rex Angliæ obiit apud Newewerke in crastino Sancti Lucæ; et sepultus est in cathedrali ecclesia de Wygorniæ coram magnum altari inter Sanctos Oswaldum et Wistanum"). Duval Cartulaire de l'Abbaye royale de Notre-Dame des Châteluers (1872): 56 (charter of Hugues [X] de Lusignan dated 1232), 80-81 (charters of Hugues [X] de Lusignan dated 1248), 82-85 (testament of Hugues [X] de Lusignan dated 1248). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 18 (1879): 549 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders & Hainault (died 1205), styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by John, lord of Ireland, Count of Mortain [afterwards King John in 1196; see also Reiffenberg Monuments pour servir a l'Histoire des Provinces de Namur, de Hainaut et de Luxembourg 1 (1844): 323-324). Bain Cal. Docs. Rel. Scotland 1 (1881): 81-82 (Dunecanus de Karric [i.e., Duncan, Earl of Carrick] styled "our friend and cousin of Galloway" [amicus et consanguineus noster de Galweia] by King John in 1210) (see also Scots Peerage 2 (1905): 422-425 [sub Ancient Earls of Carrick]; Loengard Magna Carta & the England of King John (2010): 168-173). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Normandie (1881): 8 (equestrian seal of John, Earl of Mortain [Later King of England] dated about 1189 - casque à nasal à timbre arrondi, bouclier portant deux lions ? passant, étrivière en chainette. Counterseal: Intaille représentant une tête de nymphe ? à gauche). Clark Land of Morgan (1883): 64-92. Inventaire Sommaire des Archives departmentales antérieures à 1790: Haute Vienne, Serie H. Supp. (1884-7): 58 (charter of Hugues X de Lusignan dated 1247). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1 (1886): 435 (sub Cornwall), 685 (sub Essex); 2 (1886): 11 (sub Gloucester), 308 (sub Lancaster). La Porta Les Gens de Quailté en Basse-Marche 1(2) (1886): 1-60 (Généalogie de Lusignan). Richard Chartes et Docs. pour servir a l'Hist. de l'Abbaye de Saint-Maixent (Archives Hist. du Poitou 18) (1886): 38-39, 45-46 (charter of Hugues X de Lusignan dated 1221), 46-47 (charter of Hugues X le Brun dated 1222), 59-60 (charter of Hugues X de Lusignan dated 1233), 65-66 (charter of Hugues X de Lusignan dated 1235), 79-80 (charter of Hugues X de Lusignan dated 1248). Roger de Wendover Flowers of Hist. 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1886): 173 ("Per idem tempus Johannes, frater regis, coram legato et episcopis gravem deposuit querelam, quod archiepiscopus, post appellationem ad sedem apostolicam factam, total terrram suam posuerat sub interdict°, quia filiam comitis Glovernin, in tertio gradu consanguineam suam, duxerat in uxorem ..."). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 15 (seal of King John - Obverse. King enthroned; open crown; sword, and orb ensigned with ornamental cross; draped with loose dress and girdle; throne with cushion and footboard. Legend: + IOHANNES : DEI : GRA[CjIA : REX : ANGLIE : DOMINVS : HIBERNIE. Reverse: King on a horse to the right; hauberk of mail, with surcoat, flat helmet, broad sword, goad spear, and shield of arms of ENGLAND suspended close to his body. Legend: IOH'S : : DVX : NORMANNIE : ET : AQVITANNIE [:ET:] COMES ANDEG[AVIE].). Round Ancient Charters Royal & Private Prior to A.D. 1200 (Pipe Roll Soc. 10) (1888): 110-111 (charter of John, Count of Mortain, later King John). Broussillon Maison de Craon, 1050-1480 1(1893): 173-177 (seal of Hugues X de Lusignan: au centre, le comte à cheval, en costume de chasse, tête nue. le cor suspendu au cou et tenant de la main gauche un chien posé sur la croupe du cheval; celui-ci galope, son harnachement est bien détaillé. Legend: + SIGILL. : HVGONIS : DE LEZINIACO : COMITIS ENGOLISME. Le contre-sceau est de la même grandeur. L'écu triangulaire remplit le champ orné d'arabesques très finement gravées; II porte un burelé de dix-huit pieces: + SIGIL. : HVGONIS : LEZINIACO : COMITIS : MARCHIE.), 177-178 (seal of Isabel of Angoulême: C'est le numéro 10,010 des Archives; l'empreinte de encore appendue à la charte de mars 1227 publiée in extenso sous le numero 1924 des Layettes du Trésor des Chartes et par laquelle la reine, devenue l'epouse de Hugues X, dent le roi de France quitte de tout ce qu'elle pouvait reclamer pour son douaire. Le sceau represente la reine debout at couronnée, avec in légende: YSABEL DI GR... REGIN ANGLIE DN ...ERNIE. Au revers la légende porte: [IS]ABEL DUCISSA NORM …OR AQ...MANDEGAVORUM.). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 472 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: Ysabellis, mater regis Henrici 1111 Angliæ."), 474 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: "18 October. Johannes, rex Anglorum."), 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "4 Jun. [Obiit] Isabel quondam regina Anglorum, mater Henrici regis."), 580 (Nom Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "18 Oct. [Oblit] Johannes, rex Anglorum."). Genealogist n.s. 13 (1896): 98. Wyckoff Feudal Relations Between the Kings of England & Scotland Under the Early Plantagenets (1897): 110, footnote 2 (Alan [Fitz Roland, lord] of Galloway styled "faithful cousin" by King John of England in 1212, cites Bain Cal. Docs. Rel Scotland 1 (1881)). Round Cal. Docs. Preserved in France 1 (1899): 473 (André de Chauvigny styled "kinsman" by Eleanor [of Aquitaine], Queen of England, and her son, King John, in letter dated 1199), 495 (Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainault, and his brother, Philippe, Count of Namur, both styled "cousin" by John, Count of Mortain [afterwards King John of England] in 1196). Desc. Cat. Ancient Deeds 4 (1902): 69 (grant by "John, count of Moretain, brother of the King" dated 1198). C.Ch.R. 1 (1903): 393 (Ayquelm-Guilhem, lord of Lesparre [Gironde], styled "kinsman" [cogriato] by King John in charter dated 1202). Genealogist n.s. 21 (1905): 78-82. Métais Chartes Vendômoises (1910): 163 (Louis, Count of Blois & Clermont, styled "nephew" [nepos] by John, Count of Mortain [afterwards King John of England] in 1193). D.N.B. 10 (1908): 500-501 (biog. of Isabella of Angoulême: "... a beautiful and mischievious woman... hated by both English and Poitevins; John's marriage with her led to the loss of nearly all his continental possessions"), 839-854 (biog. of John, king of England: "... All the vices of his house appear in his character unredeemed by any greatness. He was mean, false, vindictive, and abominably cruel… greedy and extravagant... He had a violent temper, and a stubborn disposition… at heart a coward... self-indulgent and scandalously immoral"). Clark Cartæ et Alia Munimenta de Glamorgancia 5 (1910): 1785-1786. English Hist. Rev. 27 (1912): 106-117 (William the Lion, King of Scots styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by King John in 1207); 61 (1946): 289-314; 63 (1948): 83-89; 65 (1950): 360-371; 67 (1952): 233-235. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 5 (1926): 689-692 (sub Gloucester); 12(1) (1953): 768, footnote j (Constance de Beaumont, wife of Roger IV de Tony, styled "kinswoman"). Arch. Aeliana 3rd Ser. 17 (1920): 265, 282-286 (seal of King John bore two lions passant). Pertz Chronica ævi Suevici (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 23) (1874): 874 (Chron. of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines: "que domna Petro de Cortenaio, regis Philippi patruo, peperit comitem Petrum Comitem Autissiodorensem et Robertum de Cortenaio et quendam Guilelmum et sorores comm. Una Alaydis comiti Guilelmo Ioviniaci peperit comitem Petrum, et post Engolismensi comiti peperit Isabellam modernam Anglie reginam ..."). Ede Cathedral Church of Christ & the Blessed Virgin Mary of Worcester (1925): 31-38. Thomas Cartulaire des Comtes de la Marche et d'Angoulême (1934). Landon Itinerary of King Richard I (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 13) (1935): 3-4. Painter Reign of King John (1949): 238 ("... cruel, lecherous, and deceitful… his mind was always seething with jealousy and suspicion"). Snellgrove Lusignans in England (1950). Speculum 30 (1955): 374-384. Metropolitan Museum of Art Bull n.s. 18(1) (1959): 18-27. Sanders English Baronies (1960): 14. Archives 5 (1961): 88-89. Warren King John (1961). VCH Wiltshire 6 (1962): 8-9. Coat ofArms 7 (1962): 18-24 (arms of John as Lord of Ireland: Two lions passant; arms of John as King: Three lions passant guardant in pale); n.s. 5 (1983): 153-156. Holt King John (1963). Archivum Heraldicum 79 (1965): 19-23. Barrow Robert Bruce & Scotland (1965): 36. Cuttino Gascon Reg. A 2(1975): 499 (letters of Hugh X de Lusignan dated 1227), 509 (charter of Hugues X de Lusignan dated 1224), 510. Paget Lineage & Anc. of Prince Charles 1 (1977): 15-17. London Cartulary of Bradenstoke Priory (Wiltshire Rec. Soc. 35) (1979): 191 (charter dated 1189/99 of Isabel, Countess of Gloucester and Mortain, 1st wife of King John). Adams Select Cases from Eccl. Courts of Canterbury (Selden Soc. 95) (1981): 106,112 (Sylvius de Cresto [Crofto], clerk, styled "king's kinsman" in 1202). Debord Cartulaire de Saint-Amand-de-Boixe (1982): 271-272 (charters of Hugh de Lusignan and his wife, Isabel, Queen of England, dated 1224 and 1225), 300. Recueil des Docs. de l’Abbaye de Fontaine-le-Comte (Société des Archives Historiques du Poitou 61) (1982): 64, 82 (will of Hugues [X] de Lusignan), 87 (another will of Hugues [X] de Lusignan). Sayers Papal Government & England during the Pontificate of Honorius 111 (1216-1227) (Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life & Thought 3rd Ser. 21) (1984): 232. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 83 (sub England), 190 (sub Savoy); 3(2) (1983): 354; n.s. 3(4) (1989): 816 (sub Lusignan), 725 (sub Preuilly), 774 (sub Brosse), 818 (sub Angoulême). Fryde Handbook of British Chron. (1986): 37. Williamson Kings & Queens of England (1991): 66-67 (biog. of John Lackland: "... has always been regarded as the archetype 'bad' king; yet he had some redeeming features... his good looks and charm induced many of those he wronged to forgive him... [he] grew up a dandy, gourmet, and womanizer, dedicated to a sybaritic existence and entirely unprincipled... [his] personality was a complex one... He was cruel and avaricious, but possessed a sense of humor and could occasionally show acts of mercy and generosity"), 67-68 (biog. of Isabella of Angoulême). Turner King John (1994). Mortimer Angevin England 1154-1258 (1994). Church King John: New Interpretations (1999): 165-220 (pg. 184 author states that King John rewarded Reginald [or Renaud], prévôt de Chartres, a kinsman of his mother-in-law, Countess Alice, in August 1201). Sayers Original Papal Docs. in England & Wales (1999): 44. Nottingham Medieval Studies 44 (2000): 82-103. Van Kerrebrouck Les Capétians 987-1328 (2000): 452-456. Wheeler Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord & Lady (2003): 159-175 (revises previously accepted birth date of King John). Seel King John: An Underrated King (2012). Children of John of England, by Isabel of Angoulême: i. HENRY III OF ENGLAND [see next]. ii. RICHARD OF ENGLAND, Knt., Earl of Cornwall, Count of Poitou, King of the Romans (or King of Almain), married (1st) ISABEL MARSHAL [see CORNWALL 6]; (2nd) SANCHE (or SANCHIA) OF PROVENCE [see CORNWALL 6]; (3rd) BEATRICE DE FALKENBURG [see CORNWALL 6]. iii. JOAN OF ENGLAND, married ALEXANDER II, King of Scots [see SCOTLAND 5]. iv. ISABEL OF ENGLAND, born at Gloucester in 1214 (aged 21 in 1235). She married at Worms 15, 20, or 25 July 1235 (as his 4th wife) FRIEDRICH (or FREDERICK) II, King of the Romans, 1212-20, Holy Roman Emperor, 1220-50, King of Jerusalem and Sicily, Duke of Apulia, Prince of Capua, son and heir of Heinrich VI, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Sicily, by Constance, daughter of Roger II, King of Sicily. He was born at Jesi 26 Dec. 1194. They had two children (see below). His wife, Empress Isabel, died in childbirth at Foggia 1 Dec. 1241, and was buried at Andria Cathedral. On 30 April 1242 King Henry III of England paid Brother John, his almoner, £208 6s. 8d. to feed the poor for the soul of the Empress, formerly his sister. Emperor FREDERICK II died at Fiorentino Castle in Lucera 13 Dec. 1250, and was buried at Monreale in Palermo. He left a will dated 10 Dec. 1250. Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 87-88. Neugart Codex diplomaticus Alemanniæ et Burgundiæ Trans-Ivranæ 2 (1795): 133-135 ([Berthold] Margrave of Ronsberg styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Friedrich II, King of the Romans and King of Sicily, in 1213). Rymer Fædera 1 (1816): 220, 225-227. Devon Issues of the Exchequer (1837): 19. Huillard-Bréholles Grande Chron. de Matthieu Paris 8 (1840): 491-499. Pertz Chronica et Annales avi Salici (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 9) (1851): 786 (Annales Sancti Rudberti Salisburgenses sub A.D. 1235: "Imperator colloquim in Augusta celebrans, multos malefactores Bawarie et castxa proscripsit, et filiam regis Anglie uxorem duxit ..."), 787 (Annales Sancti Rudberti Salisburgenses sub A.D. 1241: "Imperatrix defuncta est, soror regis Anglie."), 791 (Annales Sancti Rudberti Salisburgenses sub A.D. 1250: "Imperator in Apulia positus °Nit."). Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 19-20. Giles Matthew Paris's English Hist.: From the Year 1235 to 1273 1 (1852): 392-393 (letter of Emperor Friedrich II to King Henry III of England dated 30 Jan. 1242, reporting the death of his wife, Empress Isabel, the king's sister, which Isabel was survived by two children who are not named that she would live to us and you in the memory of her two children."]). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Dolomatica Friderica Secundi 1(1) (1852): 62-63 (Adelasia, late Countess, styled “kinswoman" [consanguinea] by Friedrich, King of Sicily, in 1200), 221-223 (Friedrich, Duke of Lorraine, styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1212), 251-252 (Friedrich, late Duke of Rotenburg, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Friedrich, King of the Romans and of Sicily, in 1213), 249-251 (Friedrich, Bishop of Tridentinum styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Friedrich, King of the Romans, in 1213), 263-265 (Margrave of Ruomesperch styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Friedrich, King of the Romans, in 1213); 3 (1852): 22-23 (Hermann, son of the late Ludwig, Landgrave of Thuringia, Count Palatine of Saxony, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 37-48 (Otto of Saxony [former Emperor Otto IV] styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1227), 57-60 (Otto [IV], late Emperor, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1228); 4(1) (1854): 380 (Raymond Berenger, Count and Marquis of Provence, styled "kinsman" [affinis] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1232), 515-516, 522-524, 541-542; 4(2) (1855): 754-757 (Otto de Luneburg styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1235), 799-802 (instances of Raymond, Count of Toulouse, styled "kinsman" [affini/affinis] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1235); 5(1) (1857): 113-114 (G. Gonfanonerio "civi Brixie" styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1237), 370-371 ((Fernando III], King of Castile, styled "kinsman" [affinis] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1239), 380-382 (Bonifacio [II], Marquis of Monferrato, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1239), 536-537 (Berthold [IV], Margrave of Hohenburg, styled "kinsman" [consanguineo] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1239), 541-543 (Raymond, Count of Toulouse, styled "kinsman" [affinis] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1239); 5(2) (1859): 1096-1097 (Berthold [LV], Margrave of Hohenburg, styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1241); Preface & Introduction (1859): ccxxxii (Heinrich Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1243); 6(2) (1861): 555-557, 569-571 (instances of A[madeo], Count of Savoy styled "kinsman" [affinis/consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1247), 658-660 (Thomas, Count of Savoy, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1248), 666-667 ([Guigues], Dauphin de Viennois, styled "kinsman" [consanguinei] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1248), 669-670 (B[erthold IV], Margrave of Hohenburg, styled "kinsman" [consanguineus] by Emperor Friedrich II in 1248), 670-672 (charter of Emperor Friedrich II dated 1248 witnessed by Manfred, Marquis of Lancia, who is styled "our beloved kinsman" [dilectus affinis noster]), 805-810 (will of Emperor Friedrich II dated 1250), 906 (Isabel [of England] "late Empress" styled "sister" [sororis] by King Henry III of England in 1243), 907 (Emperor Friedrich II styled "brother-in-law" [sororio] by King Henry III of England in 1243). Green Lives of the Princesses of England 2 (1857): 1-48 (biog. of Isabel of England: "As far as can be traced, her leading characteristics appear to have been gentleness and beauty."). Pertz Annales avi Suevici (Monuments Germaniæ Historica, Scriptures 16) (1859): 30 (Annales Ephordenses sub A.D. 1235: "Itaque 17 Kalend. Augusti [16 July] imperator sororem regis Anglie ibidem Wormatie imperiali matrimonio sibi sollempniter copulavit"), 362 (Annales Stadenses sub A.D. 1235: "Imperator duxit sororem regise Angliæ et medio Augusto curiam Moguntiæ celebravit."). Archivio Storico Italiano n.s. 13(1) (1861): 78-83. Kingston Hist. of Frederick the Second Emperor of the Romans (1862). Ennen & Eckertz Quellen zur Geschichte tier Stadt Köln 1 (1863): 159-162, 165. Schirrmacher Kaiser Friderich der Zweite (1864): 558-563. Pertz Annales ævi Suevici (Monuments Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 19) (1866): 373 (Ryccardus de S. Germano sub A.D. 1235: "Mense Iulii imperator filia regis Anglie duxit uxorem, quam apud Guarmaciam magnifice desponsavit."), 374 (Ryccardus de S. Germano sub A.D. 1237: "Mense Februarii littere imperialis lecte sunt in Sancto Germano de captione Vincentie, et de nova imperatoris prole feminea de nova consorte suscepta."), 382 (Ryccardus de S. Germano sub A.D. 1241: "Mense Decembris imperatrix aput Fogiam obiit, et aput Andriam sepelitur."), 497 (Annales Siculi sub A.D. 1235: "none indictionis domnus imperator Fredericus secundus accepit uxorem sororem regis Angliæ."), 698 Canonici Sambiensis Annales sub A.D. 1235: "Federicus imperator duxit filiam regis Angliæ in uxorem."). Shirley Royal & Other Hist. Letters Ill. of King Henry III 2 (Rolls Ser. 27) (1866): 8-10 (instances of Emperor Frederick styled "brother" [fratri] by King Henry III of England), 25-29. Teulet Layettes du Trésor des Chartes 2 (1866): 300-302, 537 (instances of Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse, styled "dilectus affinis et fidelis nostri" by Emperor Frederick II in 1235 and 1244). Luard Annales Monastici 4 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1869): 99 (Annals of Oseney sub A.D. 1250 - "Obiit Fredericus imperator Alemanniæ."). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Demay Inv. des Sceaux de la Flandre 1 (1873): 4-5 (seals of Frederick II). Pertz Chronica avi Suevici (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 23) (1874): 949 (sub A.D. 1241: "Comes Richardus reversus est, cuius soror imperatrix paulo post mortua est, tribus, ut dicitur, liberis relictis."). George Gen. Tables Ill. of Modern Hist. (1875): Table XIII (The Saxon, Franconian, and Hohenstaufen Imperial Houses), Table XIX (The House of Wettin in Thuringia and Saxony). Waltz Annales ævi Suevici (Supp. XVI et XVII). Gesta sæc. XII, XIII. (Supp. tomorom XX-XXIII) (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 24) (1879): 219 (Chronica Pontificum et Imperatorum Mantuana: "[Emperor Friedrich II:] Prima eius uxor domina Constantia, filia regis Aragonum, fuit; ex qua genuit regem Henricum. Qua defuncta, conscilio domini pape Honorii et cardinalium dominam Ysabellam, filiam Iohannis regis Ierosolimitani, una cum eodem regno accepit; de qua Conradum, qui rex Romanorum electus fuit et heres Ierusalem, genuit. Qua etiam defuncta, alteram dominam Ysabellam, filiam regis Anglie, accepit; de qua filium et filiam suscepit."), 366, 403. Waltz Gesta sæc. XIII. (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores 25) (1880): 134 (Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium Abbreviata: "Anno Domini 1235. imperator ducit filiam regis Anglie et magnam curiam in Wormatia tenet"), 700 (Sifridi de Balnhusin Compendium Historiarum: "[Friedrich II] - Ipse plures filios habuit, quos reges constituit super diversa regna, videlicet Conradum, Meinfridum et alios, et filiam Margaretam, de quibus dicetur infra."). Böhmer Regesta Archioiscoporum Maguntinensium. Regesten zur Geschichte der Mainzer Erzbischöfe 2 (1883): 238. Archives de l'Orient Latin 2 (1884): 150-153 (charters of Emperor Friedrich II dated at Acre 1228), 166-167 (charter of Emperor Friedrich II dated at Acre 1229), 199 (letter of Friedrich II to the Sicilians dated at Nocera 1246). Röhricht Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI) (1893). Delaville le Roulx Carlulaire General de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem 2 (1897): 59-60, 86, 110-111, 114, 138-139, 173-174, 177-178, 183, 191-192, 282-283, 312, 329, 356-357, 410-411, 567-568, 605-606. Carlo Troia, vita pubblica e privata, studi opere (1899): lxv-lxxii. Holder-Egger Monumenta Erphesfurtensia Sæc. XII, XIII, XIV. (Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum 42) (1899): 90 (Annales Erphord, Fratrum Prædicatorum sub A.D. 1235: "Itaque XVII. Kal. Augusti [16 July] imperator sororem regis Anglie ibidem Wormatie imperiali matrimonio sibi sollemniter copulavit."). C.P.R. 1232-1247 (1906): 219 (F[rederick], emperor of the Romans, styled "king's brother" by King Henry III of England). Bloch Annales marbacenses qui dicuntur (Scriptores rerum Germanicarum 9) (1907): 97 (sub A.D. 1235: Transacta curia imperator apud Wormatiam celebravit nuptias cum sorore regis Anglie, quam sibi adduxerat archiepiscopus Coloniensis et alii magnates."). D.N.B. 10 (1908): 499-500 (biog. of Isabella: "... a very winning as well as beautiful woman"... lamented in death by Matthew Paris as the "glory and hope of England"). Lane Royal Daughters of England 1 (1910): 97-106. Cal. Liberate Rolls 1 (1916): 269, 275 (instances of Isabel styled "Empress of Almain"). Wall Handbook of the Maude Roll (1919) unpaginated (ped. dated c.1461-85: "Isabella imperatrix uxor Frederici"). Einstein Emperor Frederick 11 (1949). Kantorowicz Frederick the Second 1194-1250 (1957). Coat of Arms 7 (1962): 94. Tremlett et al. Rolls of Arms Henry III (H.S.P. 113-4) (1967): 64 (arms of Frederick II: Or, a double eagle sable). Van Cleve the Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen (1972). Treharne & Sanders Docs. of the Baronial Movement of Reform & Rebellion 1258-1267 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1973): 194-195. Decker-Hauff "Das staufische Haus" in Die Zeit der Staufer: Geschichte - Kunst - Kultur 3 (1977): 358-359, 366. Camden Misc. 27 (Camden Soc. 40 Ser. 22) (1979): 1-47. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 42 (sub Wettin); 1(1) (1998): 15 (sub Staufer); 2 (1984): 83 (sub England). Kantorowicz Kaiser Friedrich 11 (1985-1986). Abulafia Frederick II (1988). Jones & Vale England & Her Neighbours 1066-1453: Essays in Honour of Pierre Chaplais 1989): 48. Sayer Original Papal Docs. in England & Wales (1198-1304) (1999): 90. Stürner Friedrich II (1992-2000). Crawford Templar of Tyre': Pt. III of the 'Deeds of the Cypriots' (Crusade Texts in Translation 6) 2003). Zimmermann Thomas Ebendoer, Chronica Regum Romanorum 2 (Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum n.s. 18(2)) (2003): 767-768. Online resources: www.maltagenealogy.com/libro%20d'Oro/nobilityA.htm; www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/deutschland_koenige_2/isabella_deutsche_koenigin_1241_plantagenet_staufer/isabella_von_england_deutsche_koenigin_+_1241.html. Children of Isabel of England, by Emperor Frederick (or Friedrich) II: a. MARGARETHA OF HOHENSTAUFEN, born in Feb. 1237. She married before Feb. 1254 (by contract dated 1245) (as his 1st wife) ALBRECHT II OF MEISSEN (nicknamed "The Degenerate”), Margrave of Meissen, Landgrave of Thuringen, son and heir of Heinrich, Margrave of Meissen, Landgrave of Thuringen, by his 1st wife, Constanze, daughter of Leopold VI, Duke of Austria and Styria. He was born in 1240. They had three sons, Heinrich, Friedrich (I) [Margrave of Meissen, Landgrave of Thuringen], and Dietrich (or Dietzmann), and two daughters, Margaretha and Agnes (wife of Heinrich I, Duke of Braunschweig-Grübenhagen). In 1262 his father made a division of his territories, by which Thuringen and the Saxon palatinate were allotted to Albrecht. In consequence of this arrangement, Albrecht was called Landgrave of Thuringen until the death of his father in 1288, and under this title, he is more frequrntly mentioned in history than under that of Margrave of Meissen. He distinguished himself early by valour and military skill in the war of succession in which his father was involved for his lands in Thiiringen. His wife, Margaretha, died at Frankfurt 8 August 1270, and was buried in Frankfurt. ALBRECHT II, Landgrave of Thuringen, died at Erfurt 13 Nov. 1315. Descendants include Erik of Pomerania, King of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway [see LANCASTER 9.vii] and the later Electors and Kings of Saxony. Huillard-Bréholles Grande Chron. de Matthieu Paris 8 (1840): 491-499. Biog. Dict. of the Soc. for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge 1(2) (1842): 737-738 (biog. of Albrecht the Degenerate (Degener), landgrave of Thüringen). Green Lives of the Princesses of England 2 (1857): 46, footnote 3 (cites Tentzel vita Fred. II.; Menckenius Rer. Germ. Script. Ant., vol. ii., col. 897), 46, footnote 4 (cites "The 16th letter in the 5th book of De Vinea's Epistles"). Pertz Ann	of England, Henry III (I7174)
6031	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY nicknamed “Beauclerc,” King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Cotentin, 4th son, born in 1068 or 1069. He married (1st) 11 Nov. 1100 MAUD OF SCOTLAND, daughter of Malcolm III (CeannMor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for her parentage]. She was born in 1079. They had one son, William, and one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, died at Westminster 1 May 1118. He married (2nd) at Windsor, Berkshire 29 Jan. 1121 ALICE (or AELIZ, ALEIDE, ALEYDA, AELIDIS, ADELIDE, ADELIDIS, ADELAIDIS, ADELIZA, ADELIZE, ATHELICE) OF LOUVAIN, daughter of Gottfried (or Godefroy) I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Louvain, by his 1st wife, Ida, daughter of Otto II, Count of Chiny. She was born about 1103. They had no issue. By various mistresses, he had eight illegitimate sons, Robert [Earl of Gloucester], Richard, Fulk, Reynold [Earl of Cornwall], Robert, Gilbert, William de Tracy, and Henry, and nine illegitimate daughters, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Rotrou II, Count of Perche), Alice, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Conan III, Duke of Brittany), Juliane (wife of Eustache de Pacy, seigneur of Breteuil and Pacy), Mabel (wife of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail), Constance (wife of Roscelin de Beaumont), Aline (wife of Mathieu de Montmorency), Sibyl (wife of Alexander I, King of Scots), and Isabel.* HENRY I, King of England died at Lyons-la-Forêt (near Rouen), Normandy 1 Dec. 1135, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. His widow, Alice, married (2nd) after Dec. 1136 but later than summer 1139 WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, Earl of Lincoln, afterwards 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), hereditary Chief Butler of England, Privy Councillor to King Henry I [see CLIFTON 3]. They had four sons, William [2nd Earl of Arundel or Sussex], Reiner, Henry, and Godfrey, and two daughters, Alice (wife of Jean I, Count of Eu and Alvred de Saint Martin) and Olive. He was a witness to King Stephen's 2nd Charter of Liberties in 1136. He was created Earl of Lincoln c.1138. He gave shelter to Empress Maud at Arundel Castle in 1139, but afterwards adhered to King Stephen. His earldom was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex before Christmas 1141. In his own later charters he is styled Earl of Chichester. About 1145 he witnessed a charter of Henry Hussey as "Consul Willelmo de Cicesterr." His wife, Alice, presented to the prebend of West Dean in 1150. Alice, dowager Queen of England, died as a nun at Affligem Abbey in Brabant 25 (or 26) March 1151, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. He was influential in arranging the treaty of 1153, whereby the Crown continued with King Stephen for life, though the inheritance thereof was secured to Henry II. He subscribed his name to this instrument as "Comes Cicestrie." By grant dated c.1155, King Henry II confirmed to him as "William, Earl of Arundel" the Castle of Arundel, with the whole honour of Arundel and all its appurtenances. He served as Joint Ambassador to France and to the Pope in 1163/4. He served as Chief Ambassador with Princess Maud to Germany in 1168. He was appointed joint Commander of the royal army in Normandy in 1173. In Sept. 1173 he assisted in the defeat near Bury St. Edmunds of the Earl of Leicester. He founded Buckenham Abbey, Norfolk and Pynharn Priory, Sussex. WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), died at Waverley Abbey, Surrey 4 (or 12) October 1176, and was buried at Wymondham Priory, Norfolk. [Footnote *: In 1824 the Scottish historian Chalmers stated that King Henry I of England had an illegitimate daughter, Elizabeth, who married Fergus, lord of Galloway (died 1161). [see Chalmers Caledonia 3 (1824): 250, footnote k ("Fergus [lord of Galloway] ... was a prince of some note, even at the court of Henry I. of England, is certain : as he took to wife, according to the heralds, genealogists, and chroniclers, Elizabeth, the natural daughter of Henry I.")]. Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway), however, debunked Chalmers' statement, noting that the authorities quoted by Chalmers "do not bear out his assertion." Even so, other secondary sources have continued to repeat Chalmers' unfounded claim: See, for example, Mackenzie History of Galloway (1841): 167-172 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England"); Anderson Scottish Nation 2 (1862): 195 ("Fergus, lord of Galloway ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England ..."); M'Kerlie Galloway in Ancient & Modern Times (1891): 155 ("It is necessary to repeat here that Fergus married Elizabeth, the natural daughter of King Henry I. of England."); Maxwell Hist. of Dumfries & Galloway (1896): 47-48 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, natural daughter of Henry I., and sister of Sibilla, who married Alexander I., brother of David."); Ramsay Angevin Empire (1903): 90, footnote 7 ("Gunfrith [i.e., Godred] was son of Olaf, by Afreca, daughter of Fergus of Galloway, by 'Elisabeth,' reputed natural daughter of Henry I."); Oram Lordship of Galloway (2000): 60; Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Barrow Robert Bruce (1965): 36, footnote 2 notes that "Roger Howden calls Uchtred son of Fergus of Galloway a cousin of King Henry II (Gesta Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Ser., i, 80)," a relationship which Professor Barrow states "is best explained on the supposition that Fergus married a bastard daughter of Henry I." However, given that King Henry II of England had a Scottish grandmother, a more likely explanation of the kinship between the Galloway and English royal families is that the wife of Fergus was near related to the Scottish royal family, possibly being a sister of William Fitz Duncan, whose grandfather was Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots [died 1093]. This arrangement would make Uchtred son of Fergus and King Henry II of England related in the 3rd degree of kindred (or second cousins).] D'Achery Spicilegium 10 (1671): 612-613 (Continuatio Chronici Afflegemiensis: "Filia præfati Ducis Aleidis juncta matrimonio Regi Angliæ, post obitum secundi con jugis Afflegemiensis Claustri solitudinem ad reliquum vitæ ad humandum corpus elegit in domo turti Ecclesiæ contigua, cum una aut akera ancilla in Fratrum Afflegemiensiurn quieta taciturna multitudine solitaria habitavit, & beato fine quievit, de qua epitaphium: Aleidis Regina Anglim, filia Ducis Godefridi cum barba, Regnum suscepit in Anglia an MCXXI. obiit 9 Kal. Maii [23 April], sepulta è regione horologii nostri."). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 30 (Kalendar of Obits: "IIII Non. December [2 December]. Obitus Henrici Regis."). Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 32-34. Morice Mémoires pour servir de Preuves à l'Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne 1 (1742): 130 (Extract of Cronicle of Robert, Abbot of Mont Saint Michel: "Anno 1135. Obiit Henricus I. Rex Anglorum in prima die Decembris, cum regnasset annis 35. & 4 mensibus."). Brequigny & Mouchet Table Chronologique des Diplômes, Chartes, Titres ... concernant l’Histoire de France 3 (1783): 236 (charter dated c.1155 of Alice Queen of the English [Adelaidis reginæ Anglorum]). Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: Kal. Maii [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 218 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "IV. Non. Dec. [2 December] Ob Henricus Rex Anglorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Norrnands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXI)). Tierney Hist. & Antiqs. of the Castle & Town of Arundel 1 (1834): 169-179. Michel Histoire des Ducs de Normandie et des Rois D'Angleterre (1840): 69 ("Li rois Henrie, quant la roine Mehaus fu morte, prist à feme Aalis, la fille Godefroi le duc de Louvaing, la cousine Wistasse [Eustace] de Bouloigne; mais n'en ot nul enfant. Si ot-il de bas .vj. Ills et .vij. fines"). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 135-211 (biog. of Matilda of Scotland), 212-256 (biog. of Adelicia of Louvaine). Barrett Memorials of the parochial Church ... in the Parish of Attleborough (1848): 12-41. Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis 2 (1849): 74 (Maud [of Blois], Countess of Chester, styled "niece" to King Henry I of England [neptis regis1). Ordericus Vitalis Ecclesiastical Hist. of England & Normandy 3 (1854): 482 (Roger Fitz Roger and Walter d'Aufay [Aufai] styled "cousins" to King Henry I at Battle of Bremule in 1119 by Ordericus Vitalis). Arch. Journal 20 (1863): 283 ("Adeliza appears to have used the identical matrux of the seal which had belonged to the first queen of Henry I., the name-Aalidis-having been substituted for Matli[Idis), 287-288 (charter of Queen Alice [Aelidis regina] ... There is appended ... a pointed oval seal of white wax .... device, a female figure standing ... The legend is + SIGILLVM • AALIDIS • SECVND[AE • DE]I • GRACIA • REGINAE • ANGLIE.), 288-289 (charter of Queen Alice [A. Dei gracia Regina]); 22 (1865): 152-153 (charter of William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Lincoln; charter names Queen Alice his wife [regina Adelidis]). Sussex Arch. Colls. 15 (1863): 112-113. Luard Annales Monastici 1 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1864): 14 (Margam Annals sub 1151: "Obiit Adelidis, regina secunda Henrici regis."); 3 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1866): 433 (Bermondsey Annals sub A.D. 1121: "Hoc anno rex Henricus primus duxit Adelizam, filiam ducis Lovaniae, in uxorem, tertio nonas Februarii [3 February]."). Burke Gen. Hist, of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited & Extinct Peerages (1866): 2-3 (sub Albini, Earls of Arundel). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. (1867): 21-33 ("In the Register of the Priory of Bromhale, we find the record of his death under the date of the 4th day of October, 22nd of Henry II (A.D. 1176), in the following words, `obiit Willielmus Comes Arundel' (no mention of Sussex or Chichester), et `sepultus est in prioratus de Wymondham.’"). Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptorum 20 (1868): 67 (Orderic Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, Liber X: Roger Fitz Richard [de Clare) styled "kinsman" [cognatus) of King Henry I of England). Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104-108 (discusses evidence that King Henry I had an illegitimate daughter, Maud (or Mathilde)/Almodis, who was Abbess of Montivilliers). Ellis Antiqs. of Heraldry (1869): 206-207 (Aubigny ped.). Lower Compendious Hist. of Sussex 1 (1870): 70 (Robert de Haia, founder of Boxgrove Priory, styled "king's kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry I). Delisle Delisle Chronique de Robert de Tongni 1 (1872): 215 (sub A.D. 1139: "Invitarerat enim eos Willermus de Albinneio, qui duxerat Aeliz quondam reginam, quæ habebat castellum et comitatum Hardundel, quod rex Henricus dederat ei in dote."); 2 (1873): 63-64 ("Cessit etiam in fata Willermus de Albineio, quem vocabant comitem d'Arundel, relinquens filios quatuor, scilicet Guillermum de Albineio pritnogenitum, et alios tres natos ex Aeliza regina, uxore primi Henrici regis Anglorum."). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1874): 298 (sub 1176: "comes etiam Willelmus de Arundel obiit quarto idus Octobris [12 October] apud Waverle, et sepultus eat apud Wimundham, cellam scilicet ecclesiæ Sancti Albani, cujus cellæ patronus fuisse dinoscitur."). Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Obiit autem Matildis regina Anglia anno regni sui xviiio, kalendis Maii [1 May], et apud Radingas sepulta est."). Merlet Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cviii (arms of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy dated 1115: D'argent au cavalier d'azur). D.N.B. 1 (1885): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1(1886): 66 (sub Arundel). Raine Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1886): 169 (History of the Four Archbishops by Hugh the Chantor - King Henry I and Pope Calixtus II were kinsmen: "Nam præter spiritualem patris et filii relationem, carnali consanguinitate propinqui erant, quorum avus et avia frater et soror fuerunt." (Note: Pope Calixtus II was a younger son of William I, Count of Burgundy, whose mother Alice was daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 5-8 (seal of King Henry I - Obverse. King, seated in majesty, in an undercoat with sleeves tight at wrists, and loose skirts reaching below knees; and long flowing cloak fastened at throat and spreading out behind, which has a border, with indications of a fur of symmetrical pattern. On the head a cap-shaped crown, with three fleurs-de-lis, one at top and one at either side, and two chin-straps hanging loosely at sides, the ends having buckles in shape of trefoils. In right hand, extended outwards from elbow, a sword is held almost perpendicularly. In left hand, similarly extended, an orb, ensigned with a long cross pattee pommettee. Throne, apparently square, and closely resembling that of William II.; the centre curves with a bold cusp inwards, with a string-course, and is the narrowest part. In lower of two compartments thus made, is a footboard, not enough remaining to show original size. On throne a flat cushion with square edge, carrying at each end a hemispherical ornament, intended for pillow. Reverse. King, hauberk of chain-mail; conical helmet, having a blunt point at crown of head, and perhaps armed with projecting nose-piece; single pointed spur of goad form; long lance to which is attached a banner, charged with cross moline, and three pairs of waving streamers. No indication of sword. In left hand, held by interior strap, a kite-shaped shield, seen from within. The horse is walking to the right hand, caparisoned with breast-band, which is ornamented by five globular pendants equi-distant. Saddle of small dimensions; with stirrups. The loosely gathered reins are held up in left hand, which also sustains shield. Legend: + HENRIC' D... ... ...). Round "An Unknown Mistress of Henry I." in Eng. Hist. Rev. 5 (1890): 745-746. Luard Flores Historiarum 2 ((Rolls Ser.) 1890): 69 ("Anno gratix MCLIo [1151]. Obiit Adelicia regina, uxor regis Stephani;" the editor notes that the name "Stephani" is erased in Ch. and altered to "Henrici I."). Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (Docs. sur la Province du Perche 3rd Ser. 2) (1894): 40-43. Recueil des Historiens des Castles et de la France 23 (1894): 471 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: "25 Mart. Obiit Adelicia regina."), 476 (Ex Necrologio Monasterii Crucis Sancti Leufredi: "25 Mart. [Obiit] Adeliza, regina Anglorum."), 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Mali. [Obiit] Matildis, regina Anglorum."), 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "12 Oct. [Obiit] Guillelmus, comes de Arundel."), 581 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Dec. [Obiit] Henricus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum."). Napier & Stevenson Crawford Coll. of early Charters & Docs. now in the Bodleian library (1895): 31 (William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Chichester dated c.1150; charter names his wife, Queen Alice [regina Adelide]). Bradshaw Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral Pt. 2 (1897): (obits. in the odd volume of the great Latin Bible), ccxxxviii (2 May - "Matildis regina uxor Henrici regis."), ccxlii (2 Dec. - "Henricus, pacificus rex Anglorum."). Trans. East Herts Arch. Soc. 1(1) (1901): 129-135 (charter of Queen Alice widow of King Henry I dated 1136 [Adelidis regina uxor nobillisimi regis Henrici & filia Godefridi ducis lotharingie]. C.C.R. 1227-1231 (1902): 530 (confirmation of gift of Alice, formerly Queen of England). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 316 (Abbaye de Saint-Denis: "kal. Maius [1 May] Ob. Matildis, Anglorum regina [1118]."), 523 (Prieure de Longpont: "kaL maii. [1 May] [obit.] Maltidis, Anglorum regina [1118]."). Warner & Ellis Facsimiles of Royal & Other Charters in the British Museum 1 (1903): #14 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Lincoln dated c.1139-40; charter names his wife, Queen Adeleidis), #27 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Chichester dated 1151-2; charter names his wife, Queen Athelice). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 1-2 (sub Kings of Scotland). Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 25-34. Eng. Hist. Rev. 21(1906): 505-509. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 2 (1906): 241 (Obituaire of Prieure de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan: "Henricus, rex Anglorum, frater noster, III nonas decembris [3 Dec.] [1135]."), 661 (Nécrologe of Abbaye de Saint-Jean-en-Vallée: 12 Dec.] IIII non. Obiit Henricus, Anglorum rex [1135], ecclesiarum amator praecipuus."). Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway) ("[Fergus, lord of Galloway] is said to have married Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of King Henry I. of England, but the authorities quoted by Chalmers, who makes the statement, do not bear out his assertion."). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Urseau Cartulaire Moir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (1908): 167-168 (charter of King Henry I dated c.1111=20). Gomme Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1909): 217 (sub A.D. 1100: Maud of Scotland, 1st wife of King Henry I, styled "kinswoman to king Edward [the Confessor] and of the true royal race of England."), 239-240 (sub A.D. 1127: Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone], Abbot of Saint-Jean of Angély (in Poitou), afterwards Abbot of Peterborough styled "kinsman" [mæi] of [Henry I] King of England and [Guillaume] Count of Poitou) [see also Earle and Plummer Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel 1 (1892): 257; English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-5601. CP. 1 (1910): 233-235, 237 (chart) (sub Arundel); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Round King's Serjeants & Officers of State (1911): 140-165. English Hist. Rev. 34 (1919): 303-382. Farrer Outline Itinerary of King Henry 1 (1920). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) XI 112. Rübel-Blass (1939) 257 (biographical information). G.H. White "Henry I's Illegitimate Children," in C.P. 11 (1949), Appendix D, 105-121. Leys Sandford Cartulary 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 22) (1941): 216. Johnson et al. Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066-1154 2 (1956): 148 (John [son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent], a royal chaplain, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of King Henry I of England in charter dated 1117-19). C.R.R. 12 (1957): 157-158 (Sibyl de Falaise, wife of Baldwin de Bolers, styled "kinswoman" [nepte] of King Henry I of England). Stenton First Century of English Feudalism, 1066-1166 (1961). Davis King Stephen (1967): 137 ("[King] Stephen recognized three successive earls of Lincoln ... The first was William d'Aubigny pincerna who married Queen Adeliza, widow of King Henry I, and in her right became lord of the honour and castle of Arundel. He styles himself William Earl of Lincoln in three charters in which his identity is proved by references to his wife. They are in favour of Lewes Priory and the abbeys of Reading and Affligem-and in the case of Affligem there is also a charter of Adeliza referring to her husband as earl of Lincoln (Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville 3245; Warner and Ellis, Facsimiles, no. 14; E. de Marneffe, Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Affligem in Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclesiastique de la Belgique, 2o section, pp. 104,106). In royal charters it is usually impossible to distinguish him from his successor, William de Roumare, since the normal style of both was Willelmus comes de Lincolnia, or (before he was an earl) from his father, William d'Aubignypincerna, who died before June 1139 (Reg. iii. 973). If Robert de Torigny is right (Chronicles iv. 137) William had married Adeliza by September 1139, and it is tempting to assume that it was on his marriage that he was made earl of Lincoln, his connection with that county being that his mother, Maud Bigod, was a grand-daughter, and possible co-heiress, of Robert de Tosny of Belvoir. We do not know precisely when he was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex, but it was certainly by Christmas 1141 when he attested a charter as Comite Willelmo de Sudsexa (Reg. iii. 276)."). Chibnall Ecclesiastical Hist. of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80): 317 (Vol. VI, Book XII - Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone] styled "kinsman" [cognato] of King Henry I of England) [see English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-560]. Albion 10 (1978): 330-340. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 95 (sub Hainault, Brabant); 2 (1984): 81 (sub England); 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Chibnall Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166 (1986). Green Government of England under Henry 1(1986). Hollister Monarchy, Magnates, & Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World (1986). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 1 (Camden Soc. 4th Ser. 31) (1986): 301, 369, 476. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.1.423, XII.371, X11.644-X11.645, XIII.207. Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 136 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "7 Kal. [Apr.] [26 March]. Obiit Atheliza regina."), 130 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit Rex Anglorum Henricus primus."), 146 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit rex Anglorum Henricus i."). Haskins Soc. Jour. 7 (1995): 101-116. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35, 57. Scottish Hirt. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I Pt 2 (List and Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 143 (confirmation c. 1172/81 of grant made by Queen Adela) (original published in Jour. of British Architetural Assoc. 17: 312). Scottish Hist. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Harper-Bill Anglo-Norman Studies XXI (1999): 145-168. Bartlett England under the Norman & Angevin Kings 1075-1225 (2000). Hollister Henry 1(2001). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.), 313 (Scotland ped.). Weller Die Heiratspolitik des deutschen Hochadels im 12. Jahrhundert (2004): 464-4.76 (biog. of Königin Adelheid von England) ("On page 476, Weller states: "Seine Gattin Adelheid von Lowen, die ehemalige Konigin von England, war schon 1151 wahrend des Bürgerkrieges verschieden und wurde in Reading beigesetzt ... Der Begräbnisort Kgn. Adelheids geht aus einem Schreiben Jocelins v. Löwen an Bf. Hilarius v. Chichester eindeutig hervor, vgl. Reading Abbey Cartularies 1, No. 551, 416E; s.a. Bartlett, England 596. Nicht stichhaltig ist demgegeniiber die van Sanderus, Chorographia 1, 45, verbreitete Nachricht, wonach Adelheid vor ihrem Tod in ihre Heimat übergesiedelt und im Kloster Afflighem gestoren and begraben sei; heirnach auch John Horace Round in dem Art.: Adeliza of Louvain, in DNB 1(1885): 137f.; Complete Peerage 1, 235. Allerdings ist Kgn. Adelheid als Wohltäterin von Afflighem aufgetreten unde hat dem Kloster einigen Besitz in England gestiftet; vgl. Cart. Afflighem, No. 79, 121-124 (hier 122)."). Verbeke Medieval Narrative Sources (2005): 21-36. Fleming Henry I & the Anglo-Norman World: Studies in Memory of C. Warren Hollister (2006). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006). Children of King Henry I of England, by Maud of Scotland: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, son and heir apparent, born in 1103. As his father's destined successor, he received the homage of the Normans barons in 1115, and that of the English witan in 1116. He married at Lisieux in May 1119 MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ANJOU, daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou. He was with his father at the Battle of Bremule in 1119. Early in 1120 King Louis of France invested him with the duchy of Normandy. He was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 160 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1120: "Willelmus filius Henrici Regis, & Ricardus frater ejus & Ricardus Comes de Cestria cum multis Nobilibus naufragio perierunt.”). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. D.N.B. 21(1909): 337 (biog. of William, son of Henry I, King of England). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 81 (sub England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.644. Caenegem English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I 1 (Selden Soc. 106) (1990): 180-181, 192-193, 213-214. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.). ii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, married (1st) HEINRICH V, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor; (2nd) GEOFFREY V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy [see next]. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by an unknown mistress, (possibly a member of the Bohun family): i. ROBERT FITZ ROY, Earl of Gloucester, married MABEL FITZ ROBERT [see GLOUCESTER 3]. Illegitimate sons of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Ansfride, widow of Anskill, a knight who was a tenant of Abingdon Abbey: i. RICHARD FITZ ROY, born before 1101. He served against the French in 1119, and was captured at Les Andelys. He was set free with his comrades by King Louis, because they had taken sanctuary in the church of Notre Dame du Grand Andely. Later the same year he was with his father at the Siege of Evreux and the Battle of Brémule. In Sept. 1119 he was sent to raise the Siege at Bréteuil. He was betrothed to Amice de Gael, daughter of Raoul, seigneur of Gael in Brittany and Bréteuil in Normandy. He was drowned immediately afterwards in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Amice subsequently married Robert of Meulan, 1st Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 6]. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Alium quoque habuit filium Ricardum, et cessavit parere... Navis enim infausta qun regis gestabat filios Willelrnum et Ricardum, submersa est, periitque in scopulis Barbefluvii."). C.P. 7 (1929): 527-530 (sub Leicester); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.646. Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni 2 (1992): 248-249 (Robert de Torigny: "Ricardus autem, huius comitis uno de patre frater, cum fratre suo Willelmo in sepedicto naufiagio periit."). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. FULK FITZ ROY. Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(II.647. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Sibyl Corbet: i. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall, Sheriff of Devon, 1173-5. He married in 1140 MABEL FITZ WILLIAM, daughter of William Fitz Richard, of Cornwall. They had one son, Nicholas, and four daughters, Denise (wife of Richard de Redvers, Earl of Devon), Maud, Sarah (wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges), and Emme (wife of Guy V de Laval, seigneur of Laval). By a mistress, Beatrice de Valle (or Vaux) (afterwards wife of William Briwerre, Knt.), he had an illegitimate son, Henry Fitz Count. By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, William. He was granted the lands of William, Earl of Mortain, amounting to 215-1/2 fees in Devon and Cornwall. He was created Earl of Cornwall about April 1141. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, were recognized by contemporaries as "the most powerful men in the kingdom." His wife, Mabel, fell into insanity in the 1140s. He witnessed a charter of Henry d'Oilly in the period, 1114-47. In 1153 he witnessed the agreement between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy [afterwards King Henry II]. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, acted as intermediary between the king and Thomas Becket at Northampton in 1164. He played a major part in opposing the rebels of 1173-4 in England. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall died 1 July 1175, allegedly at Chertsey, Surrey, and was buried at Reading, Berkshire. Dugdale Baronage (1675): 702 (sub Briwere) ("[William Briwere] having married Beatrix de Valle, a Concubine, as 'tis said, to Reginald Earl of Cornwall (which is probable, for in a Grant made by Henry Son to the same Reginald [Earl of Cornwall], unto this William [Briwere], of the Mannor of Karswell, and Land of Hakford, he calls him his Brother")) [Note: Dugdale evidently intended to say that Henry Fitz Count's brother was William Briwere the younger, as it was William Briwere the elder was the husband of his mother, Beatrice de Valle]. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 6, 98 (undated charter of Reynold son of King Henry to William de Botreaux son of Alice Corbet his aunt [matertera]; charter witnessed by his son, Nicholas; his nephews/kinsmen [nepotibus], Ralph and Richard, and his brother, William), 112. Topographer 2 (1790): 288-291. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 2 (1836 11): 239-240 (Bruere or Briwere ped.). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 163 ("Deditque ibidem Hereberto filio Hereberti, et Willelmo fratri comitis Reginaldi, et Joelllano de la Pumerai, nepoti eorum, regnum be Limeric pro servitio sexaginta militum"), 172 ("Nam Herbertus, et Willelmus, fratres Reginaldi comitis Cornubiae, et Joellanus de Purnetia nepos eorum, regnum illud havere noluerunt; sed illud reddiderunt domino regi et Johanni filio suo liberum et quietum ab omni calurnnia eorum"). Le Fizelier Mémoire chronologique de Maucourt de Bourjolly sur la Ville de Laval 1 (1886): 136-142. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-253 (William brother of Earl Reynold [Willelmus frater Comitis Reginaldi] held 1/2 knight's fee of Robert Fitz Roy in 1166), 261-262 (William brother of the Earl [Willelmus frater Comitis] held four knight's fees Reynold, Earl of Cornwall in 1166). Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 455-456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 34. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 75. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Colls. Hist. Staffs. 1924 (1926): 9, 219. English Hist. Rev. 62 (1947): 352-377 (charter of William de Marsh brother of Reynold Earl of Cornwall [Willelmus de Marisco frater Reginaldi comitis Cornubie]). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II], later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Minor & Butler eds. Letters of John of Salisbury 1 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1955): 162-163. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987): 9-10 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1154-65), 10-11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1146-55), 11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 195-196 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1165-75, witnessed by his son, Nicholas), 196-197 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 197-198 (two confirmation charters of King Henry II of England naming his "uncle" [avunculus] Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, one dated c.1174-5, the other dated c.1174-6). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(11.651, X111.996-1000. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Hollister Henry 1(2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart).Cornwall Rec. Office: Borough of Truro, BTRU/1 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1161-66) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, by Mabel Fitz William: a. MAUD OF CORNWALL, married ROBERT II, Count of Meulan [see VERMANDOIS 7]. Illegitimate child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, allegedly by Beatrice de Valle: a. HENRY FITZ COUNT, of Liskeard, Cornwall and King's Kerswell, Devon, Constable of Totnes Castle, 1209, Governor of Portchester Castle, 1211, Sheriff of Cornwall, 1215, 1217-20, Constable of Launceston Castle and Warden of the Stanneries, 1215. In 1194 he was granted the manors of Liskeard, Cornwall and Diptford and King's Kerswell, Devon by the king. In 1196 he witnessed the Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by his alleged step-father, Sir William Briwerre. In 1215 he had a grant of the county of Cornwall from King John, to farm until the realm should be at peace. The grant was renewed by King Henry III 7 Feb. 1216/7. He resigned the county to the king in 1220, when he took the cross. HENRY FITZ COUNT died a crusader in 1222. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Hunter Catalogue of the MSS in the library of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn (1838): 13. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(2) (1846): 924 (Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by William Briwer). Oliver Monasticon Dioecesis Exoniensis (1846): 174 (charter of Henry son of Reynold Earl of Cornwall; charter granted for the souls of his brothers and his mother), 179, 183. Trans. Exeter Diocesan Architectural & Arch. Soc. 2nd Ser. 1 (1867): 133-134. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 31(1870): 5. Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 21. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 9 (1902): 295-296 ("But Reginald de Dunstanville [i.e., Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall] had also by Beatrix de Valle (who afterwards became the wife of William Brewer, the judge of Henry II. and one of the regents of Richard I.) an illegitimate son named Henry FitzCount (sometimes FitzHenry), who became in after years also Earl of Cornwall."). Genealogist n.s. 20 (1904): 10-11. C.P. 3 (1913): 430 (sub Cornwall). Painter Reign of King John (1949): 231, 290, 348, 358-359. Hobbs Cartulary of Forde Abbey (Somerset Rec. Soc. 85) (1998): 116 (charter of Henry Fitz Count dated 1200-22; charter witnessed by William Brewer). North Devon Rec. Office: Chichester of Arlington, 50/11/29/3 (confirmation of a gift of land dated early 13th Cent. from Henry son of Earl Reginald to William de Tracy of all his land of Wollecombe [in Mortehoe] and Boklande, Devon, which William and his ancestors held of Henry and his ancestors, lords of Bradneys, as the charter of Hugh Ruffus testifies. To have and to hold to the aforesaid William, his heirs and assigns, of Henry and his heirs for ever, rendering all due and customary services. Seal of Henry son of Earl Reginald - Round, natural wax, armorial, surrounded by legend giving name of owner, chipped. The arms on shield resemble those of Courtenay family, but the Courtenays did not become Earls till 14th Cent.) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Henry III Fine Rolls Project (Baldekin styled "kinsman" of H[enry] Fitz Count in a fine roll item dated 1220; by whom he was earlier granted lands in Cornwall formerly held by Robert de Tintagel) (available at www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_015.html). Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith, daughter of Forne son of Sigulf, lord of Greystoke, Cumberland. Edith subsequently married ROBERT D'OILLY, of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, Constable of Oxford Castle. They had two sons, Henry and Gilbert. He and his wife, Edith, founded Oseney Priory near Oxford in 1129. Robert d'Oilly died in Sept. 1142. Sometime in the period, c.1145-56, his widow, Edith, granted a toft in Huggate and 68-1/2 acres in the fields there to the poor of the Hospital of St. Peter, York. Leys Sandford Cartulary 1 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 19) (1938): 50 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith), 92 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated before June 1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith, and his son, Henry). Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 505-508, 510 (charter of Edith wife of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1145-56), 510-511 (charter of Henry d'Oilly dated c.1145-56; charter witnessed by his wife, Maud), 518-519. Hedley Northumberland Fares. (1968): 233. i. ROBERT FITZ ROY. He held land in Devonshire in 1130. He witnessed a charter of his step-father, Robert d'Oilly, in the period, ?1130-35. He supported his half-sister, Empress Maud, in the Civil War. In the period, 1144-7, he witnessed a charter of his half-brother, Henry d'Oilly. In 1146-7 he witnessed a charter of Empress Maud and her son, Henry. About 1150 he granted 10 pounds of land in his manor of Wantage, Berkshire to the church of Oseney, with the counsel of Henry d'Oilly his half-brother. Sometime in the period, 1153-67, he witnessed a charter of Wigan of Wallingford. He married before 1162 MAUD D'AVRANCHES, widow of William de Courcy (or ?Geoffrey de Crimes?), and daughter of Robert d'Avranches, by ___, daughter of Gelduin de Dol. They had one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, was heiress of Richard Fitz Baldwin. In 1162 he granted St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter two ferlings of land in his manor of Calvalegie juxta Cobbalegiam, together with a man named Edwium son of Wranhi; charter was granted with with the consent of his wife, Maud d'Avranches. ROBERT FITZ ROY died 31 May 1172. His widow, Maud, died 21 Sept. 1173. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farms of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Coll. Top. et Gen. 1 (1834): 188 ("C. Rob[er]ti filii Henrici Regis per concessionem Mathildis, filiz Roberti de Avrenchis et heredis Ricardi filii Baldewini, dans totam vincam quam Rob'tus fil. Baldewini et Ricardus fester ejus Eccl. S.N. dederunt."), 382 (charter dated 1162 of Robert son of King Henry, granted with consent of Maud d'Avranches his wife [Robertus filius Regis Henrici, assensu Matillidis de Abrinco uxoris meae to St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter). Dugdale Monasticon Anglican = 5 (1846): 377-382 (Ford Abbey, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia: "Obijt denique vir ejus secundus, dominus Robertus filius regis Henrici anno Domini M.clxxii. pridie calendas Junii [31 May], et post ipsum vicecomitissa Matildis, itaque de Aubrincis ut prius nuncupata, undecimo calendas Octobris [21 Sept.] anno Domini M.clxxiii. et regni regis Henrici secundi 19."); 6(1) (1830): 253 (charter of Robert son of King Henry [Robertus Henrici regis filius]; charter names his [half-]brother [fratris], Henry d'Oilly). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Priory of Hexham 1 (Surtees Soc. 64) (1864): 138 (Chronicle of John, Prior of Hexham: "Emissi sunt autem ducenti milites cum Rodberto, filio Edae et Henrici Regis notho, et Johanne Marascaldo ...."). Freeman Reign of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 723. Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): 374 (charter of Robert son of King Henry dated c.1150). Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 3 (1881): 1-3. Maitland Bracton's Note Book 2 (1887): 137-138 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that he was the son of Hawise, the first born daughter of Maud d'Avranches; Hawise's sister, Maud de Courtenay, who was the plaintiff in the lawsuit, in turn testified that the said Hawise was the daughter of Geoffrey de Crimes (or Crunes, Cruues), the 1st husband of Maud d'Avranches), 404-405; 3 (1887): 450-452 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that his mother, Hawise, was the daughter of William de Curcy, husband of Maud d'Avranches). Notes & Gleanings 2 (1889): 50-56. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-254 (list of knights fees held by Robert Fitz Roy in 1166). Note-book of Tristram Risdon (1897): 53-56. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 73, 75, 101-102. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Seversmith Colonial Fams. of Long Island New York & Connecticut 5 (1958): 2426-2428. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.650, XIII.995. Reedy Basset Charters c.1120 to 1250 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 50) (1995): 25-26 (charter dated 1146-7 of Empress Maud daughter of King Henry I and her son, Henry; charter witnessed by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and Robert Fitz Roy). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Fizzard Plympton Priory (2008): 62, footnote 26. Child of Robert Fitz Roy, by Maud d'Avranches: a. MAUD FITZ ROBERT, married REYNOLD DE COURTENAY, of Sutton, Berkshire [see COURTENAY 1]. ii. ALICE FITZ ROY. In the period, ?1130-35, she witnessed a charter of her step-father, Robert d'Oilly, and her mother, Edith. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 72-73 (Alice daughter of the king [Adeliza Lila Reg.] witness to charter of Robert d'Oilly, his wife, and son dated ?1130-35). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Nest, wife of Gerald of Windsor, Constable of Pembroke, and daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwt, Prince of South Wales: i. HENRY FITZ ROY, of Pembrokeshire. He was killed during King Henry II's invasion at Anglesea in 1157 or 1158. He married ___. They had two sons, Meiler Fitz Henry [Justiciar of Ireland] and Robert, and presumably one daughter, Amabilis Fitz Henry (wife of Walter de Ridelisford). Williams ab Ithel Annales Cambriaes (Rolls Ser.) (1860): 47 (sub A.D. 1158: "Henricus filius Geraldi occisus est, velut alii volunt, filius Henrici regis ..."). Dimock Geraldus Cambrensis: Itinerarium Kambrice, et Descriptio Kambriæ (Geraldus Cambrensis Opera 6) (Rolls Ser.) (1868): 130 (Date: A.D. 1157: "Fuerant autem duo nobiles viti, et ejus qui scripsit haec avunculi, cum aliis hue a rege transmissi: Henricus scilicet regis Henrici primi filius, et secundi avunculus, ex nobili Nesta, Resi filii Theodori filia, in australi Kambria Demetiae finibus oriundus; et Robertus Stephani filius, Henrici frater non germanus sed uterinus."), 130, footnote 2 ("The death of Henry, her [Nest's] son by [King] H[enryl I., in this attack on Anglesea, is placed by Brut under 1156, in Ann. Camb. under 1158. By the former he is called Henry son of King Henry; by the latter, Henry son of Girald, or, according to others, son of king Henry. He was the father of the famous Meiler, the great hero of the Irish invasion."). Gilbert Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin 1 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 30-31 (charter of Walter de Ridelisford to St. Mary's Abbey; charter granted with consent of his wife, Amabilis Fitz Henry and witnessed by Meiler Fitz Henry). Orpen Ireland under the Normans 1 (1911): 18 (ped. chart). Jour. Royal Soc. of Antiqs. Ireland 82 (1952): 46-61. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.656. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 298-299 (biog. of Meiler Fitzhenry). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith: i. MAUD (or MATHILDE, MAHAUT) OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 (as his 1st wife) ROTROU II “the Great,” Count of Perche, seigneur of Belleme, son and heir of Geoffroi, Count of Mortagne and Perche, by Beatrix, daughter of Count Hilduin, Count of Montdidier and Roucy. He was born about 1080. Her maritagium likely included the manors of Aldboume and Wanborough, Wiltshire. They had two daughters, Philippe and Felicie. During the 1st Crusade, he fought at the Siege of Nicaea in mid-1097. He commanded a division that broke out of Antioch in June 1098. He crusaded against the Muslims in Spain probably in 1108. In 1114 he aided his father-in-law, King Henry I, at the Siege of Belleme. At the request of his wife, Maud, a hide of land at Wanborough, Wiltshire was given to Lewes Priory. His wife, Maud, was drowned in the shipwreck of the White Ship 25 Dec. 1120. He was Governor of Tudela in Aragon and participated in campaigns in Aragon from 1123 until the mid-1130s. He returned to Perche by 1135. He married (2nd) before 1126 HAWISE OF SALISBURY, daughter of Walter of Salisbury (also known as Walter Fitz Edward), of Chitterne, Wiltshire, Great Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, North Aston, Oxfordshire, etc., hereditary Sheriff of Wiltshire, Constable of Salisbury Castle, by Sibyl, daughter of Patrick de Chaources (or Sourches) [see LONGESPEE 2 for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Geoffroi, Rotrou (III) [Count of Perche], and Etienne [Archbishop-elect of Palermo]. After King Henry I's death in 1135, he and his nephew, Richer de l'Aigle, extorted the castles of Moulins and Bonmoulins as the price for their support for King Stephen. In 1139 he was taken in the English king's pay and defeated the unruly knights of Breteuil. ROTROU II, Count of Perche, died 6 May 1144 at the Siege of the Towe of Rouen, he then being in the service of Empress Maud and her husband, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. His widow, Hawise, married (2nd) (as his 1st wife) ROBERT I, Count of Dreux and Braille [see DREUX 6], and, in right of his 1st wife, Count of Perche, seigneur of Bellème, younger son of Louis VI, King of France, by Alix, daughter of Humbert II, Count of Savoy and Maurienne [see FRANCE 5 for his ancestry]. They had one daughter, Alix (wife successively of Waleran III, seigneur of Breteuil, Guy II, seigneur of Châtillon-sur-Marne, Jean I, seigneur of Torote, Châtellain de Noyon, and Raoul I de Nesle, Count of Soissons). His wife, Hawise, died in 1152. Robert I, Count of Dreux and Braine, died 11 October 1188. Duchesne Histoire Généalogique de la Maison Royale de Dreux (1631): 13-42. Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 74-75 (sub Capetians), 423-425 (sub Comtes de Dreux). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Des Murs Hist. des Comtes du Perche de la Fam. des Rotrou (1856). Herald & Genealogist 3 (1866): 173-176. Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 255 (Genealogiæ Fusniacensis: "Rotaldus comes, prefati comitis filius, duxit filiam regis Anglie, de qua filiam procreavit. "). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 3940 (charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche, dated c.1119; charter witnessed by his sister [soror], Juliane, and her son, Richer), 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe). Money Hist. of the Ancient Town & Borough of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Boulais Receuil des Antiquitéz du Perche (1890). Romanet de Beaune Géographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (1894): 33-35. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 419 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "6 [Obiit] Rotrodos comes."). Lalizel Abbaye Royal d'Arcisses (Archives du Diocèse de Chartres 10) (1900): 3-10 (charters of Rotrou, Count of Perche). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. VCH Wiltshire 9 (1970): 174-186; 12 (1983): 67-86. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Traditio 41(1985): 145-179. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.649. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France (2002). Hollister Henry I (2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Power Norman Frontier in the Twelfth & Early Thirteenth Centuries (2004): 360-361. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Geoffrey Grossus Life of Blessed Bernard of Tiron (2009): 71, footnote 1. Child of Maud (or Mathilde) of England, by Rotrou II of Perche: a. PHILIPPE OF PERCHE, married HELIE OF ANJOU, Count of Maine, younger son of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine. They had one daughter, Beatrix (wife of Jean I, Count of Alençon). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe [assensu generis mei Helie filieque mee Romanet de Beaune Geographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30-31 ("... Helias vero ...comes Cenomannonun factus est, et xx annis adepto consulatu strenue potitis est. Heres quoque soceri sin Gervasii de Castro Lidi factus est, eujus filiam habuit, ex qua filiam nomine Eremburgem genuit, quam domino suo Fulconi, Andegavorum comiti, in matromonium copulavit … Uxor ejus ei filiam, Eremburgem nomine, peperit, quae, nubilibus annis, Fulconi, Andegavorum tunc comiti, nunc Ierosolymorum regi, nupsit et generosam sobolem genuit: Joffredum et Heliam, Mathildem et Sibyllam, quae filiis regum solemniter nupserunt"). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by various mistresses: i. GILBERT FITZ ROY. He was still young and unmarried in 1142. Nothing more is known of him. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 281 286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.660. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. WILLIAM DE TRACY. He died soon after his father. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121 (author states in error that William de Tracy had a daughter and heiress, Grace, wife of John de Sudeley, of Sudeley Castle and Toddington, Gloucestershire). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.659. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). iii. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ENGLAND, married CONAN III, Duke of Brittany [see BRITTANY 3]. iv. JULIANE OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 EUSTACHE DE PACY (or DE BRETEUIL), seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, illegitimate son of Guillaume, seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, by an unknown mistress. They had two sons, Guillaume and Roger, and two daughters. In 1119 he took part in the rebellion against King Henry I, who besieged his wife, Juliane, at Breteuil. She fled to Pacy, and in the autumn of 1119 Eustache and Juliane were pardoned by the king. A few years later she became a nun at Fontevrault. EUSTACHE DE PACY died at the beginning of Lent 1136, Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Depoin Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Saint-Martin de Pontoise (1895): 470-476 (Famille d'Ivry). C.P. 8 (1932): 209-210 (sub Lovel); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X11.648. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 304 (Fitz Osbem ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Norrnandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). v. MABEL OF ENGLAND, married before c.1125 GUILLAUME GOUET (or GORT), seigneur of Montmirail and Alluyes, son and heir of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail, Alluyes, Authon, la Bazoche-Gouet, Brou, and Château-du-Loir, by his wife, Eustachie Crespon. They had one son, Guillaume [seigneur of Montmirail]. He joined his parents and his brothers, Robert and Matthew, in the foundation of the Priory of St. Giles des Chateigniers as a cell of Tiron. In 1114, as William Gouet junior, he was one of the nobles of Thibaut, Count of Chartres, whom the count called to advise him. In 1116, with his father and mother, he gave judgment in a dispute between the abbey of Marmoutier and Gaston de Brou. As "Guillaume Goët le jeune," he witnessed a charter of Guillaume de Mesmerand to the leproserie of Chateaudun c.1120. He succeeded his father before c.1125. He made an agreement c.1125 with the Prior of Saint-Denis de Nogent regarding the churches of Ceton and Saint-Ulphace. He likewise gave c.1125 to the monks of Saint-Denis the church of Unverre that Gaston de Brou gave them and that his mother Eustachie unjustly retained; for which gift he received 10 livres and his wife, Mabel, 100 sous. About 1127 he witnessed a charter of Ives de Courville, by which he quitclaimed his land in Courville to Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. In 1136 he granted various privileges to Tiron Abbey. In 1140 he confirmed the gift of Bois-Ruffin made by Ursion de Meslay. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Guérard Cartulaire de Saint Père de Chartres 2 (1840): 471-476, 483-486, 494-495. Lépinois Histoire de Chartres 1 (1854): /41. Etudes sur le Maine, Noblesse du Maine aux Crusades (1859): 49-50. Charles & Elbenne Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans (1886-1913): Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbve de la Sainte-Trinité di Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cix (arms of Guillaume Goet dated 1139: Mi-parti au 1er d'argent à deux chevrons de sable; au 2e trois chevrons brisés d'or), 24-27, 78-79, 104-106. Merlet Inventaire-sommaire des Archives départementales anterieures (11790: Eure-et-Loir, Archives Ecclésiastiques, Serie H 8 (1897): 161. Souancé & Métais Saint-Denis de Nogent-le-Rotrou 1031-1789: Histoire et Cartulaire (1899): LVII-LIX, 103-104 (charter of Guillaume Gouet junior son of Guillaume Gouet dated c.1125), 104-106 (charter dated c.1125 naming Guillaume [Gouet] junior, son of Eustachie wife of [Guillaume] Gouet, and his wife, Mabel), 164-166. Bulls. de la Societé Dunoise Archeologie, Histoire, Sciences & Arts 10 (1904): 171-188. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.663, XIII.1014. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Child of Mabel of England, by Guillaume Gouet: a. GUILLAUME GOUET, seigneur of Montmirail, married ISABELLE (or ELIZABETH) OF BLOIS, Duchess of Apulia [see DONZY 4]. vi. CONSTANCE OF ENGLAND, married ROSCELIN DE BEAUMONT, Vicomte of Beaumont-en-Maine [see BEAUMONT 3]. vii. ALINE OF ENGLAND, married MATHIEU DE MONTMORENCY, seigneur of Montmorency [see LEICESTER 3 {sic: MONTMORENCY 3}]. v. SIBYL OF ENGLAND, married ALEXANDER I, King of Scots [see SCOTLAND 1.v], younger son of Malcolm III (Ceannmor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for his parentage]. He was born about 1077. They had no issue. By an unknown mistress, he had an illegitimate son, Malcolm. He became King of Scotland in 1107 on the death of his elder brother, Edgar, King of Scots. He and his wife, Sibyl, founded the monastery of Scone in Perthshire in 1113-14. He was also a benefactor to Durham and Dunfermline. He invaded Wales in summer 1114, in cooperation with King Henry I of England. His wife, Sibyl, died suddenly at Loch Tay 12 July 1122. ALEXANDER I, King of Scots, died at Stirling 23 April 1124, and was buried before the great altar at Dunfermline, Fife near his father. Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: “VII. Kal. Mali [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "VI. Id. Jul. [10 July] Ob. Sibilla Regina Scottorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Turnbull Extracta E Variis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 68 (Extracts ex Cronicis Scocie sub A.D. 1122: "Sibilla, illustris regine Scocie, uxor regis Alexandri, filia Henrici Beuclerk regis Anglie, apud Lochtay cellam canonicorum de Scona obiit anno Domini Moc.xxij"). Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis 2 (1849): 78 (sub A.D. 1123: "Alexander rex Scottorum, VII. kal. Maii [25 April], obiit."). Liber Ecclesie de Scone (1863): 1-3 (charter of Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl; charter witnessed by his nephew [nepos], Alexander, and by William, brother of the queen [frater regine]). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 3 (sub Kings of Scotland). Lawrie Early Scottish Charters prior to A.D. 1153 (1905): 28-30 (charter to Scone Priory dated c.1120 issued by Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl, "filia Henrici Regis Angliae"), 262. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 50-57. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.655, XIII.205. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 57. Duncan Kingship of the Scots 842-1292 (2002). Barrow Kingdom of the Scots (2003): 1541-56. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Oram David I: The King Who Made Scotland (2004). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 313 (Scotland ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I, by Isabel of Meulan, daughter of Robert of Meulan (or de Beaumont), Count of Meulan, by Isabel (or Elizabeth), daughter of Hugues le Grand Count of Crepy [see VERMANDOIS 5 for her ancestry]. Isabel de Meulan married (1st) Gilbert Fitz Gilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 6 Jan. 1147/8) [see PEMBROKE 3] and (2nd) Ralph Bluet, of Silchester, Hampshire and Lacock, Wiltshire (living 1167) [see PEMBROKE 3]. She was allegedly living in 1172. i. ISABEL OF ENGLAND. She and her mother, Countess Isabel, witnessed two undated charters of her half-brother, Richard Fitz Gilbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Her subsequent history is unknown. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 10 (1855): 261-263 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to the monks of Usk; charter witnessed by Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter, Ralph Bloet, and Walter Bloet). C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 361 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Gilbert to Goldcliff Priory; charter witnessed by Isabel the earl's mother and Isabel his sister). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-102 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke) ("Actually there is no reasonable doubt that Isabel [de Meulan]s daughter bore her mother's name, lived with her after the elder Isabel's marriage, and continued to do so after her step-father's death. For the first two witnesses to the 2nd Earl of Pembroke's charter for Usk are the Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter; and in the charter for Goldcliff Priory the first two witnesses are Isabel the Earl's mother and Isabel the Earl's sister. There is no evidence that she ever married."); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.657. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Alleged but unlikely daughter of King Henry I: i. EMMA OF ENGLAND, married GUY DE LAVAL, seigneur of Laval. Hollister Henry 1(2001): 228 ("Bertrand de Brousillon, La Maison de Laval, 1: 79: 'on pretend meme que l’abbaye de Clermont aurait conserve longtemps une tombe sur laquelle on lisait EMMA ANGLORUM REGIS FILIA DOMINAQUE LAVALLENSIS.' The author dismisses this tradition on the grounds that Robert of Torigny omits 'Emma' from his list of Henry's daughters, but the list is by no means complete. Emma is absent from the list of Henry I's illegitimate daughters in CP, 11, app. D, pp. 112-121.").”	Gouët, Guillaume (I6414)
6032	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY nicknamed “Beauclerc,” King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Cotentin, 4th son, born in 1068 or 1069. He married (1st) 11 Nov. 1100 MAUD OF SCOTLAND, daughter of Malcolm III (CeannMor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for her parentage]. She was born in 1079. They had one son, William, and one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, died at Westminster 1 May 1118. He married (2nd) at Windsor, Berkshire 29 Jan. 1121 ALICE (or AELIZ, ALEIDE, ALEYDA, AELIDIS, ADELIDE, ADELIDIS, ADELAIDIS, ADELIZA, ADELIZE, ATHELICE) OF LOUVAIN, daughter of Gottfried (or Godefroy) I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Louvain, by his 1st wife, Ida, daughter of Otto II, Count of Chiny. She was born about 1103. They had no issue. By various mistresses, he had eight illegitimate sons, Robert [Earl of Gloucester], Richard, Fulk, Reynold [Earl of Cornwall], Robert, Gilbert, William de Tracy, and Henry, and nine illegitimate daughters, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Rotrou II, Count of Perche), Alice, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Conan III, Duke of Brittany), Juliane (wife of Eustache de Pacy, seigneur of Breteuil and Pacy), Mabel (wife of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail), Constance (wife of Roscelin de Beaumont), Aline (wife of Mathieu de Montmorency), Sibyl (wife of Alexander I, King of Scots), and Isabel.* HENRY I, King of England died at Lyons-la-Forêt (near Rouen), Normandy 1 Dec. 1135, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. His widow, Alice, married (2nd) after Dec. 1136 but later than summer 1139 WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, Earl of Lincoln, afterwards 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), hereditary Chief Butler of England, Privy Councillor to King Henry I [see CLIFTON 3]. They had four sons, William [2nd Earl of Arundel or Sussex], Reiner, Henry, and Godfrey, and two daughters, Alice (wife of Jean I, Count of Eu and Alvred de Saint Martin) and Olive. He was a witness to King Stephen's 2nd Charter of Liberties in 1136. He was created Earl of Lincoln c.1138. He gave shelter to Empress Maud at Arundel Castle in 1139, but afterwards adhered to King Stephen. His earldom was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex before Christmas 1141. In his own later charters he is styled Earl of Chichester. About 1145 he witnessed a charter of Henry Hussey as "Consul Willelmo de Cicesterr." His wife, Alice, presented to the prebend of West Dean in 1150. Alice, dowager Queen of England, died as a nun at Affligem Abbey in Brabant 25 (or 26) March 1151, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. He was influential in arranging the treaty of 1153, whereby the Crown continued with King Stephen for life, though the inheritance thereof was secured to Henry II. He subscribed his name to this instrument as "Comes Cicestrie." By grant dated c.1155, King Henry II confirmed to him as "William, Earl of Arundel" the Castle of Arundel, with the whole honour of Arundel and all its appurtenances. He served as Joint Ambassador to France and to the Pope in 1163/4. He served as Chief Ambassador with Princess Maud to Germany in 1168. He was appointed joint Commander of the royal army in Normandy in 1173. In Sept. 1173 he assisted in the defeat near Bury St. Edmunds of the Earl of Leicester. He founded Buckenham Abbey, Norfolk and Pynharn Priory, Sussex. WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), died at Waverley Abbey, Surrey 4 (or 12) October 1176, and was buried at Wymondham Priory, Norfolk. [Footnote *: In 1824 the Scottish historian Chalmers stated that King Henry I of England had an illegitimate daughter, Elizabeth, who married Fergus, lord of Galloway (died 1161). [see Chalmers Caledonia 3 (1824): 250, footnote k ("Fergus [lord of Galloway] ... was a prince of some note, even at the court of Henry I. of England, is certain : as he took to wife, according to the heralds, genealogists, and chroniclers, Elizabeth, the natural daughter of Henry I.")]. Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway), however, debunked Chalmers' statement, noting that the authorities quoted by Chalmers "do not bear out his assertion." Even so, other secondary sources have continued to repeat Chalmers' unfounded claim: See, for example, Mackenzie History of Galloway (1841): 167-172 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England"); Anderson Scottish Nation 2 (1862): 195 ("Fergus, lord of Galloway ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England ..."); M'Kerlie Galloway in Ancient & Modern Times (1891): 155 ("It is necessary to repeat here that Fergus married Elizabeth, the natural daughter of King Henry I. of England."); Maxwell Hist. of Dumfries & Galloway (1896): 47-48 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, natural daughter of Henry I., and sister of Sibilla, who married Alexander I., brother of David."); Ramsay Angevin Empire (1903): 90, footnote 7 ("Gunfrith [i.e., Godred] was son of Olaf, by Afreca, daughter of Fergus of Galloway, by 'Elisabeth,' reputed natural daughter of Henry I."); Oram Lordship of Galloway (2000): 60; Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Barrow Robert Bruce (1965): 36, footnote 2 notes that "Roger Howden calls Uchtred son of Fergus of Galloway a cousin of King Henry II (Gesta Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Ser., i, 80)," a relationship which Professor Barrow states "is best explained on the supposition that Fergus married a bastard daughter of Henry I." However, given that King Henry II of England had a Scottish grandmother, a more likely explanation of the kinship between the Galloway and English royal families is that the wife of Fergus was near related to the Scottish royal family, possibly being a sister of William Fitz Duncan, whose grandfather was Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots [died 1093]. This arrangement would make Uchtred son of Fergus and King Henry II of England related in the 3rd degree of kindred (or second cousins).] D'Achery Spicilegium 10 (1671): 612-613 (Continuatio Chronici Afflegemiensis: "Filia præfati Ducis Aleidis juncta matrimonio Regi Angliæ, post obitum secundi con jugis Afflegemiensis Claustri solitudinem ad reliquum vitæ ad humandum corpus elegit in domo turti Ecclesiæ contigua, cum una aut akera ancilla in Fratrum Afflegemiensiurn quieta taciturna multitudine solitaria habitavit, & beato fine quievit, de qua epitaphium: Aleidis Regina Anglim, filia Ducis Godefridi cum barba, Regnum suscepit in Anglia an MCXXI. obiit 9 Kal. Maii [23 April], sepulta è regione horologii nostri."). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 30 (Kalendar of Obits: "IIII Non. December [2 December]. Obitus Henrici Regis."). Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 32-34. Morice Mémoires pour servir de Preuves à l'Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne 1 (1742): 130 (Extract of Cronicle of Robert, Abbot of Mont Saint Michel: "Anno 1135. Obiit Henricus I. Rex Anglorum in prima die Decembris, cum regnasset annis 35. & 4 mensibus."). Brequigny & Mouchet Table Chronologique des Diplômes, Chartes, Titres ... concernant l’Histoire de France 3 (1783): 236 (charter dated c.1155 of Alice Queen of the English [Adelaidis reginæ Anglorum]). Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: Kal. Maii [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 218 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "IV. Non. Dec. [2 December] Ob Henricus Rex Anglorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Norrnands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXI)). Tierney Hist. & Antiqs. of the Castle & Town of Arundel 1 (1834): 169-179. Michel Histoire des Ducs de Normandie et des Rois D'Angleterre (1840): 69 ("Li rois Henrie, quant la roine Mehaus fu morte, prist à feme Aalis, la fille Godefroi le duc de Louvaing, la cousine Wistasse [Eustace] de Bouloigne; mais n'en ot nul enfant. Si ot-il de bas .vj. Ills et .vij. fines"). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 135-211 (biog. of Matilda of Scotland), 212-256 (biog. of Adelicia of Louvaine). Barrett Memorials of the parochial Church ... in the Parish of Attleborough (1848): 12-41. Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis 2 (1849): 74 (Maud [of Blois], Countess of Chester, styled "niece" to King Henry I of England [neptis regis1). Ordericus Vitalis Ecclesiastical Hist. of England & Normandy 3 (1854): 482 (Roger Fitz Roger and Walter d'Aufay [Aufai] styled "cousins" to King Henry I at Battle of Bremule in 1119 by Ordericus Vitalis). Arch. Journal 20 (1863): 283 ("Adeliza appears to have used the identical matrux of the seal which had belonged to the first queen of Henry I., the name-Aalidis-having been substituted for Matli[Idis), 287-288 (charter of Queen Alice [Aelidis regina] ... There is appended ... a pointed oval seal of white wax .... device, a female figure standing ... The legend is + SIGILLVM • AALIDIS • SECVND[AE • DE]I • GRACIA • REGINAE • ANGLIE.), 288-289 (charter of Queen Alice [A. Dei gracia Regina]); 22 (1865): 152-153 (charter of William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Lincoln; charter names Queen Alice his wife [regina Adelidis]). Sussex Arch. Colls. 15 (1863): 112-113. Luard Annales Monastici 1 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1864): 14 (Margam Annals sub 1151: "Obiit Adelidis, regina secunda Henrici regis."); 3 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1866): 433 (Bermondsey Annals sub A.D. 1121: "Hoc anno rex Henricus primus duxit Adelizam, filiam ducis Lovaniae, in uxorem, tertio nonas Februarii [3 February]."). Burke Gen. Hist, of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited & Extinct Peerages (1866): 2-3 (sub Albini, Earls of Arundel). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. (1867): 21-33 ("In the Register of the Priory of Bromhale, we find the record of his death under the date of the 4th day of October, 22nd of Henry II (A.D. 1176), in the following words, `obiit Willielmus Comes Arundel' (no mention of Sussex or Chichester), et `sepultus est in prioratus de Wymondham.’"). Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptorum 20 (1868): 67 (Orderic Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, Liber X: Roger Fitz Richard [de Clare) styled "kinsman" [cognatus) of King Henry I of England). Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104-108 (discusses evidence that King Henry I had an illegitimate daughter, Maud (or Mathilde)/Almodis, who was Abbess of Montivilliers). Ellis Antiqs. of Heraldry (1869): 206-207 (Aubigny ped.). Lower Compendious Hist. of Sussex 1 (1870): 70 (Robert de Haia, founder of Boxgrove Priory, styled "king's kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry I). Delisle Delisle Chronique de Robert de Tongni 1 (1872): 215 (sub A.D. 1139: "Invitarerat enim eos Willermus de Albinneio, qui duxerat Aeliz quondam reginam, quæ habebat castellum et comitatum Hardundel, quod rex Henricus dederat ei in dote."); 2 (1873): 63-64 ("Cessit etiam in fata Willermus de Albineio, quem vocabant comitem d'Arundel, relinquens filios quatuor, scilicet Guillermum de Albineio pritnogenitum, et alios tres natos ex Aeliza regina, uxore primi Henrici regis Anglorum."). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1874): 298 (sub 1176: "comes etiam Willelmus de Arundel obiit quarto idus Octobris [12 October] apud Waverle, et sepultus eat apud Wimundham, cellam scilicet ecclesiæ Sancti Albani, cujus cellæ patronus fuisse dinoscitur."). Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Obiit autem Matildis regina Anglia anno regni sui xviiio, kalendis Maii [1 May], et apud Radingas sepulta est."). Merlet Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cviii (arms of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy dated 1115: D'argent au cavalier d'azur). D.N.B. 1 (1885): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1(1886): 66 (sub Arundel). Raine Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1886): 169 (History of the Four Archbishops by Hugh the Chantor - King Henry I and Pope Calixtus II were kinsmen: "Nam præter spiritualem patris et filii relationem, carnali consanguinitate propinqui erant, quorum avus et avia frater et soror fuerunt." (Note: Pope Calixtus II was a younger son of William I, Count of Burgundy, whose mother Alice was daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 5-8 (seal of King Henry I - Obverse. King, seated in majesty, in an undercoat with sleeves tight at wrists, and loose skirts reaching below knees; and long flowing cloak fastened at throat and spreading out behind, which has a border, with indications of a fur of symmetrical pattern. On the head a cap-shaped crown, with three fleurs-de-lis, one at top and one at either side, and two chin-straps hanging loosely at sides, the ends having buckles in shape of trefoils. In right hand, extended outwards from elbow, a sword is held almost perpendicularly. In left hand, similarly extended, an orb, ensigned with a long cross pattee pommettee. Throne, apparently square, and closely resembling that of William II.; the centre curves with a bold cusp inwards, with a string-course, and is the narrowest part. In lower of two compartments thus made, is a footboard, not enough remaining to show original size. On throne a flat cushion with square edge, carrying at each end a hemispherical ornament, intended for pillow. Reverse. King, hauberk of chain-mail; conical helmet, having a blunt point at crown of head, and perhaps armed with projecting nose-piece; single pointed spur of goad form; long lance to which is attached a banner, charged with cross moline, and three pairs of waving streamers. No indication of sword. In left hand, held by interior strap, a kite-shaped shield, seen from within. The horse is walking to the right hand, caparisoned with breast-band, which is ornamented by five globular pendants equi-distant. Saddle of small dimensions; with stirrups. The loosely gathered reins are held up in left hand, which also sustains shield. Legend: + HENRIC' D... ... ...). Round "An Unknown Mistress of Henry I." in Eng. Hist. Rev. 5 (1890): 745-746. Luard Flores Historiarum 2 ((Rolls Ser.) 1890): 69 ("Anno gratix MCLIo [1151]. Obiit Adelicia regina, uxor regis Stephani;" the editor notes that the name "Stephani" is erased in Ch. and altered to "Henrici I."). Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (Docs. sur la Province du Perche 3rd Ser. 2) (1894): 40-43. Recueil des Historiens des Castles et de la France 23 (1894): 471 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: "25 Mart. Obiit Adelicia regina."), 476 (Ex Necrologio Monasterii Crucis Sancti Leufredi: "25 Mart. [Obiit] Adeliza, regina Anglorum."), 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Mali. [Obiit] Matildis, regina Anglorum."), 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "12 Oct. [Obiit] Guillelmus, comes de Arundel."), 581 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Dec. [Obiit] Henricus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum."). Napier & Stevenson Crawford Coll. of early Charters & Docs. now in the Bodleian library (1895): 31 (William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Chichester dated c.1150; charter names his wife, Queen Alice [regina Adelide]). Bradshaw Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral Pt. 2 (1897): (obits. in the odd volume of the great Latin Bible), ccxxxviii (2 May - "Matildis regina uxor Henrici regis."), ccxlii (2 Dec. - "Henricus, pacificus rex Anglorum."). Trans. East Herts Arch. Soc. 1(1) (1901): 129-135 (charter of Queen Alice widow of King Henry I dated 1136 [Adelidis regina uxor nobillisimi regis Henrici & filia Godefridi ducis lotharingie]. C.C.R. 1227-1231 (1902): 530 (confirmation of gift of Alice, formerly Queen of England). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 316 (Abbaye de Saint-Denis: "kal. Maius [1 May] Ob. Matildis, Anglorum regina [1118]."), 523 (Prieure de Longpont: "kaL maii. [1 May] [obit.] Maltidis, Anglorum regina [1118]."). Warner & Ellis Facsimiles of Royal & Other Charters in the British Museum 1 (1903): #14 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Lincoln dated c.1139-40; charter names his wife, Queen Adeleidis), #27 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Chichester dated 1151-2; charter names his wife, Queen Athelice). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 1-2 (sub Kings of Scotland). Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 25-34. Eng. Hist. Rev. 21(1906): 505-509. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 2 (1906): 241 (Obituaire of Prieure de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan: "Henricus, rex Anglorum, frater noster, III nonas decembris [3 Dec.] [1135]."), 661 (Nécrologe of Abbaye de Saint-Jean-en-Vallée: 12 Dec.] IIII non. Obiit Henricus, Anglorum rex [1135], ecclesiarum amator praecipuus."). Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway) ("[Fergus, lord of Galloway] is said to have married Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of King Henry I. of England, but the authorities quoted by Chalmers, who makes the statement, do not bear out his assertion."). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Urseau Cartulaire Moir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (1908): 167-168 (charter of King Henry I dated c.1111=20). Gomme Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1909): 217 (sub A.D. 1100: Maud of Scotland, 1st wife of King Henry I, styled "kinswoman to king Edward [the Confessor] and of the true royal race of England."), 239-240 (sub A.D. 1127: Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone], Abbot of Saint-Jean of Angély (in Poitou), afterwards Abbot of Peterborough styled "kinsman" [mæi] of [Henry I] King of England and [Guillaume] Count of Poitou) [see also Earle and Plummer Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel 1 (1892): 257; English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-5601. CP. 1 (1910): 233-235, 237 (chart) (sub Arundel); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Round King's Serjeants & Officers of State (1911): 140-165. English Hist. Rev. 34 (1919): 303-382. Farrer Outline Itinerary of King Henry 1 (1920). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) XI 112. Rübel-Blass (1939) 257 (biographical information). G.H. White "Henry I's Illegitimate Children," in C.P. 11 (1949), Appendix D, 105-121. Leys Sandford Cartulary 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 22) (1941): 216. Johnson et al. Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066-1154 2 (1956): 148 (John [son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent], a royal chaplain, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of King Henry I of England in charter dated 1117-19). C.R.R. 12 (1957): 157-158 (Sibyl de Falaise, wife of Baldwin de Bolers, styled "kinswoman" [nepte] of King Henry I of England). Stenton First Century of English Feudalism, 1066-1166 (1961). Davis King Stephen (1967): 137 ("[King] Stephen recognized three successive earls of Lincoln ... The first was William d'Aubigny pincerna who married Queen Adeliza, widow of King Henry I, and in her right became lord of the honour and castle of Arundel. He styles himself William Earl of Lincoln in three charters in which his identity is proved by references to his wife. They are in favour of Lewes Priory and the abbeys of Reading and Affligem-and in the case of Affligem there is also a charter of Adeliza referring to her husband as earl of Lincoln (Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville 3245; Warner and Ellis, Facsimiles, no. 14; E. de Marneffe, Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Affligem in Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclesiastique de la Belgique, 2o section, pp. 104,106). In royal charters it is usually impossible to distinguish him from his successor, William de Roumare, since the normal style of both was Willelmus comes de Lincolnia, or (before he was an earl) from his father, William d'Aubignypincerna, who died before June 1139 (Reg. iii. 973). If Robert de Torigny is right (Chronicles iv. 137) William had married Adeliza by September 1139, and it is tempting to assume that it was on his marriage that he was made earl of Lincoln, his connection with that county being that his mother, Maud Bigod, was a grand-daughter, and possible co-heiress, of Robert de Tosny of Belvoir. We do not know precisely when he was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex, but it was certainly by Christmas 1141 when he attested a charter as Comite Willelmo de Sudsexa (Reg. iii. 276)."). Chibnall Ecclesiastical Hist. of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80): 317 (Vol. VI, Book XII - Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone] styled "kinsman" [cognato] of King Henry I of England) [see English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-560]. Albion 10 (1978): 330-340. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 95 (sub Hainault, Brabant); 2 (1984): 81 (sub England); 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Chibnall Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166 (1986). Green Government of England under Henry 1(1986). Hollister Monarchy, Magnates, & Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World (1986). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 1 (Camden Soc. 4th Ser. 31) (1986): 301, 369, 476. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.1.423, XII.371, X11.644-X11.645, XIII.207. Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 136 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "7 Kal. [Apr.] [26 March]. Obiit Atheliza regina."), 130 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit Rex Anglorum Henricus primus."), 146 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit rex Anglorum Henricus i."). Haskins Soc. Jour. 7 (1995): 101-116. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35, 57. Scottish Hirt. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I Pt 2 (List and Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 143 (confirmation c. 1172/81 of grant made by Queen Adela) (original published in Jour. of British Architetural Assoc. 17: 312). Scottish Hist. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Harper-Bill Anglo-Norman Studies XXI (1999): 145-168. Bartlett England under the Norman & Angevin Kings 1075-1225 (2000). Hollister Henry 1(2001). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.), 313 (Scotland ped.). Weller Die Heiratspolitik des deutschen Hochadels im 12. Jahrhundert (2004): 464-4.76 (biog. of Königin Adelheid von England) ("On page 476, Weller states: "Seine Gattin Adelheid von Lowen, die ehemalige Konigin von England, war schon 1151 wahrend des Bürgerkrieges verschieden und wurde in Reading beigesetzt ... Der Begräbnisort Kgn. Adelheids geht aus einem Schreiben Jocelins v. Löwen an Bf. Hilarius v. Chichester eindeutig hervor, vgl. Reading Abbey Cartularies 1, No. 551, 416E; s.a. Bartlett, England 596. Nicht stichhaltig ist demgegeniiber die van Sanderus, Chorographia 1, 45, verbreitete Nachricht, wonach Adelheid vor ihrem Tod in ihre Heimat übergesiedelt und im Kloster Afflighem gestoren and begraben sei; heirnach auch John Horace Round in dem Art.: Adeliza of Louvain, in DNB 1(1885): 137f.; Complete Peerage 1, 235. Allerdings ist Kgn. Adelheid als Wohltäterin von Afflighem aufgetreten unde hat dem Kloster einigen Besitz in England gestiftet; vgl. Cart. Afflighem, No. 79, 121-124 (hier 122)."). Verbeke Medieval Narrative Sources (2005): 21-36. Fleming Henry I & the Anglo-Norman World: Studies in Memory of C. Warren Hollister (2006). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006). Children of King Henry I of England, by Maud of Scotland: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, son and heir apparent, born in 1103. As his father's destined successor, he received the homage of the Normans barons in 1115, and that of the English witan in 1116. He married at Lisieux in May 1119 MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ANJOU, daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou. He was with his father at the Battle of Bremule in 1119. Early in 1120 King Louis of France invested him with the duchy of Normandy. He was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 160 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1120: "Willelmus filius Henrici Regis, & Ricardus frater ejus & Ricardus Comes de Cestria cum multis Nobilibus naufragio perierunt.”). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. D.N.B. 21(1909): 337 (biog. of William, son of Henry I, King of England). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 81 (sub England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.644. Caenegem English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I 1 (Selden Soc. 106) (1990): 180-181, 192-193, 213-214. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.). ii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, married (1st) HEINRICH V, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor; (2nd) GEOFFREY V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy [see next]. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by an unknown mistress, (possibly a member of the Bohun family): i. ROBERT FITZ ROY, Earl of Gloucester, married MABEL FITZ ROBERT [see GLOUCESTER 3]. Illegitimate sons of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Ansfride, widow of Anskill, a knight who was a tenant of Abingdon Abbey: i. RICHARD FITZ ROY, born before 1101. He served against the French in 1119, and was captured at Les Andelys. He was set free with his comrades by King Louis, because they had taken sanctuary in the church of Notre Dame du Grand Andely. Later the same year he was with his father at the Siege of Evreux and the Battle of Brémule. In Sept. 1119 he was sent to raise the Siege at Bréteuil. He was betrothed to Amice de Gael, daughter of Raoul, seigneur of Gael in Brittany and Bréteuil in Normandy. He was drowned immediately afterwards in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Amice subsequently married Robert of Meulan, 1st Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 6]. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Alium quoque habuit filium Ricardum, et cessavit parere... Navis enim infausta qun regis gestabat filios Willelrnum et Ricardum, submersa est, periitque in scopulis Barbefluvii."). C.P. 7 (1929): 527-530 (sub Leicester); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.646. Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni 2 (1992): 248-249 (Robert de Torigny: "Ricardus autem, huius comitis uno de patre frater, cum fratre suo Willelmo in sepedicto naufiagio periit."). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. FULK FITZ ROY. Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(II.647. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Sibyl Corbet: i. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall, Sheriff of Devon, 1173-5. He married in 1140 MABEL FITZ WILLIAM, daughter of William Fitz Richard, of Cornwall. They had one son, Nicholas, and four daughters, Denise (wife of Richard de Redvers, Earl of Devon), Maud, Sarah (wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges), and Emme (wife of Guy V de Laval, seigneur of Laval). By a mistress, Beatrice de Valle (or Vaux) (afterwards wife of William Briwerre, Knt.), he had an illegitimate son, Henry Fitz Count. By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, William. He was granted the lands of William, Earl of Mortain, amounting to 215-1/2 fees in Devon and Cornwall. He was created Earl of Cornwall about April 1141. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, were recognized by contemporaries as "the most powerful men in the kingdom." His wife, Mabel, fell into insanity in the 1140s. He witnessed a charter of Henry d'Oilly in the period, 1114-47. In 1153 he witnessed the agreement between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy [afterwards King Henry II]. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, acted as intermediary between the king and Thomas Becket at Northampton in 1164. He played a major part in opposing the rebels of 1173-4 in England. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall died 1 July 1175, allegedly at Chertsey, Surrey, and was buried at Reading, Berkshire. Dugdale Baronage (1675): 702 (sub Briwere) ("[William Briwere] having married Beatrix de Valle, a Concubine, as 'tis said, to Reginald Earl of Cornwall (which is probable, for in a Grant made by Henry Son to the same Reginald [Earl of Cornwall], unto this William [Briwere], of the Mannor of Karswell, and Land of Hakford, he calls him his Brother")) [Note: Dugdale evidently intended to say that Henry Fitz Count's brother was William Briwere the younger, as it was William Briwere the elder was the husband of his mother, Beatrice de Valle]. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 6, 98 (undated charter of Reynold son of King Henry to William de Botreaux son of Alice Corbet his aunt [matertera]; charter witnessed by his son, Nicholas; his nephews/kinsmen [nepotibus], Ralph and Richard, and his brother, William), 112. Topographer 2 (1790): 288-291. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 2 (1836 11): 239-240 (Bruere or Briwere ped.). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 163 ("Deditque ibidem Hereberto filio Hereberti, et Willelmo fratri comitis Reginaldi, et Joelllano de la Pumerai, nepoti eorum, regnum be Limeric pro servitio sexaginta militum"), 172 ("Nam Herbertus, et Willelmus, fratres Reginaldi comitis Cornubiae, et Joellanus de Purnetia nepos eorum, regnum illud havere noluerunt; sed illud reddiderunt domino regi et Johanni filio suo liberum et quietum ab omni calurnnia eorum"). Le Fizelier Mémoire chronologique de Maucourt de Bourjolly sur la Ville de Laval 1 (1886): 136-142. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-253 (William brother of Earl Reynold [Willelmus frater Comitis Reginaldi] held 1/2 knight's fee of Robert Fitz Roy in 1166), 261-262 (William brother of the Earl [Willelmus frater Comitis] held four knight's fees Reynold, Earl of Cornwall in 1166). Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 455-456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 34. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 75. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Colls. Hist. Staffs. 1924 (1926): 9, 219. English Hist. Rev. 62 (1947): 352-377 (charter of William de Marsh brother of Reynold Earl of Cornwall [Willelmus de Marisco frater Reginaldi comitis Cornubie]). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II], later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Minor & Butler eds. Letters of John of Salisbury 1 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1955): 162-163. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987): 9-10 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1154-65), 10-11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1146-55), 11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 195-196 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1165-75, witnessed by his son, Nicholas), 196-197 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 197-198 (two confirmation charters of King Henry II of England naming his "uncle" [avunculus] Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, one dated c.1174-5, the other dated c.1174-6). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(11.651, X111.996-1000. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Hollister Henry 1(2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart).Cornwall Rec. Office: Borough of Truro, BTRU/1 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1161-66) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, by Mabel Fitz William: a. MAUD OF CORNWALL, married ROBERT II, Count of Meulan [see VERMANDOIS 7]. Illegitimate child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, allegedly by Beatrice de Valle: a. HENRY FITZ COUNT, of Liskeard, Cornwall and King's Kerswell, Devon, Constable of Totnes Castle, 1209, Governor of Portchester Castle, 1211, Sheriff of Cornwall, 1215, 1217-20, Constable of Launceston Castle and Warden of the Stanneries, 1215. In 1194 he was granted the manors of Liskeard, Cornwall and Diptford and King's Kerswell, Devon by the king. In 1196 he witnessed the Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by his alleged step-father, Sir William Briwerre. In 1215 he had a grant of the county of Cornwall from King John, to farm until the realm should be at peace. The grant was renewed by King Henry III 7 Feb. 1216/7. He resigned the county to the king in 1220, when he took the cross. HENRY FITZ COUNT died a crusader in 1222. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Hunter Catalogue of the MSS in the library of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn (1838): 13. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(2) (1846): 924 (Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by William Briwer). Oliver Monasticon Dioecesis Exoniensis (1846): 174 (charter of Henry son of Reynold Earl of Cornwall; charter granted for the souls of his brothers and his mother), 179, 183. Trans. Exeter Diocesan Architectural & Arch. Soc. 2nd Ser. 1 (1867): 133-134. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 31(1870): 5. Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 21. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 9 (1902): 295-296 ("But Reginald de Dunstanville [i.e., Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall] had also by Beatrix de Valle (who afterwards became the wife of William Brewer, the judge of Henry II. and one of the regents of Richard I.) an illegitimate son named Henry FitzCount (sometimes FitzHenry), who became in after years also Earl of Cornwall."). Genealogist n.s. 20 (1904): 10-11. C.P. 3 (1913): 430 (sub Cornwall). Painter Reign of King John (1949): 231, 290, 348, 358-359. Hobbs Cartulary of Forde Abbey (Somerset Rec. Soc. 85) (1998): 116 (charter of Henry Fitz Count dated 1200-22; charter witnessed by William Brewer). North Devon Rec. Office: Chichester of Arlington, 50/11/29/3 (confirmation of a gift of land dated early 13th Cent. from Henry son of Earl Reginald to William de Tracy of all his land of Wollecombe [in Mortehoe] and Boklande, Devon, which William and his ancestors held of Henry and his ancestors, lords of Bradneys, as the charter of Hugh Ruffus testifies. To have and to hold to the aforesaid William, his heirs and assigns, of Henry and his heirs for ever, rendering all due and customary services. Seal of Henry son of Earl Reginald - Round, natural wax, armorial, surrounded by legend giving name of owner, chipped. The arms on shield resemble those of Courtenay family, but the Courtenays did not become Earls till 14th Cent.) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Henry III Fine Rolls Project (Baldekin styled "kinsman" of H[enry] Fitz Count in a fine roll item dated 1220; by whom he was earlier granted lands in Cornwall formerly held by Robert de Tintagel) (available at www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_015.html). Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith, daughter of Forne son of Sigulf, lord of Greystoke, Cumberland. Edith subsequently married ROBERT D'OILLY, of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, Constable of Oxford Castle. They had two sons, Henry and Gilbert. He and his wife, Edith, founded Oseney Priory near Oxford in 1129. Robert d'Oilly died in Sept. 1142. Sometime in the period, c.1145-56, his widow, Edith, granted a toft in Huggate and 68-1/2 acres in the fields there to the poor of the Hospital of St. Peter, York. Leys Sandford Cartulary 1 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 19) (1938): 50 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith), 92 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated before June 1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith, and his son, Henry). Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 505-508, 510 (charter of Edith wife of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1145-56), 510-511 (charter of Henry d'Oilly dated c.1145-56; charter witnessed by his wife, Maud), 518-519. Hedley Northumberland Fares. (1968): 233. i. ROBERT FITZ ROY. He held land in Devonshire in 1130. He witnessed a charter of his step-father, Robert d'Oilly, in the period, ?1130-35. He supported his half-sister, Empress Maud, in the Civil War. In the period, 1144-7, he witnessed a charter of his half-brother, Henry d'Oilly. In 1146-7 he witnessed a charter of Empress Maud and her son, Henry. About 1150 he granted 10 pounds of land in his manor of Wantage, Berkshire to the church of Oseney, with the counsel of Henry d'Oilly his half-brother. Sometime in the period, 1153-67, he witnessed a charter of Wigan of Wallingford. He married before 1162 MAUD D'AVRANCHES, widow of William de Courcy (or ?Geoffrey de Crimes?), and daughter of Robert d'Avranches, by ___, daughter of Gelduin de Dol. They had one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, was heiress of Richard Fitz Baldwin. In 1162 he granted St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter two ferlings of land in his manor of Calvalegie juxta Cobbalegiam, together with a man named Edwium son of Wranhi; charter was granted with with the consent of his wife, Maud d'Avranches. ROBERT FITZ ROY died 31 May 1172. His widow, Maud, died 21 Sept. 1173. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farms of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Coll. Top. et Gen. 1 (1834): 188 ("C. Rob[er]ti filii Henrici Regis per concessionem Mathildis, filiz Roberti de Avrenchis et heredis Ricardi filii Baldewini, dans totam vincam quam Rob'tus fil. Baldewini et Ricardus fester ejus Eccl. S.N. dederunt."), 382 (charter dated 1162 of Robert son of King Henry, granted with consent of Maud d'Avranches his wife [Robertus filius Regis Henrici, assensu Matillidis de Abrinco uxoris meae to St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter). Dugdale Monasticon Anglican = 5 (1846): 377-382 (Ford Abbey, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia: "Obijt denique vir ejus secundus, dominus Robertus filius regis Henrici anno Domini M.clxxii. pridie calendas Junii [31 May], et post ipsum vicecomitissa Matildis, itaque de Aubrincis ut prius nuncupata, undecimo calendas Octobris [21 Sept.] anno Domini M.clxxiii. et regni regis Henrici secundi 19."); 6(1) (1830): 253 (charter of Robert son of King Henry [Robertus Henrici regis filius]; charter names his [half-]brother [fratris], Henry d'Oilly). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Priory of Hexham 1 (Surtees Soc. 64) (1864): 138 (Chronicle of John, Prior of Hexham: "Emissi sunt autem ducenti milites cum Rodberto, filio Edae et Henrici Regis notho, et Johanne Marascaldo ...."). Freeman Reign of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 723. Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): 374 (charter of Robert son of King Henry dated c.1150). Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 3 (1881): 1-3. Maitland Bracton's Note Book 2 (1887): 137-138 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that he was the son of Hawise, the first born daughter of Maud d'Avranches; Hawise's sister, Maud de Courtenay, who was the plaintiff in the lawsuit, in turn testified that the said Hawise was the daughter of Geoffrey de Crimes (or Crunes, Cruues), the 1st husband of Maud d'Avranches), 404-405; 3 (1887): 450-452 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that his mother, Hawise, was the daughter of William de Curcy, husband of Maud d'Avranches). Notes & Gleanings 2 (1889): 50-56. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-254 (list of knights fees held by Robert Fitz Roy in 1166). Note-book of Tristram Risdon (1897): 53-56. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 73, 75, 101-102. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Seversmith Colonial Fams. of Long Island New York & Connecticut 5 (1958): 2426-2428. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.650, XIII.995. Reedy Basset Charters c.1120 to 1250 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 50) (1995): 25-26 (charter dated 1146-7 of Empress Maud daughter of King Henry I and her son, Henry; charter witnessed by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and Robert Fitz Roy). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Fizzard Plympton Priory (2008): 62, footnote 26. Child of Robert Fitz Roy, by Maud d'Avranches: a. MAUD FITZ ROBERT, married REYNOLD DE COURTENAY, of Sutton, Berkshire [see COURTENAY 1]. ii. ALICE FITZ ROY. In the period, ?1130-35, she witnessed a charter of her step-father, Robert d'Oilly, and her mother, Edith. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 72-73 (Alice daughter of the king [Adeliza Lila Reg.] witness to charter of Robert d'Oilly, his wife, and son dated ?1130-35). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Nest, wife of Gerald of Windsor, Constable of Pembroke, and daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwt, Prince of South Wales: i. HENRY FITZ ROY, of Pembrokeshire. He was killed during King Henry II's invasion at Anglesea in 1157 or 1158. He married ___. They had two sons, Meiler Fitz Henry [Justiciar of Ireland] and Robert, and presumably one daughter, Amabilis Fitz Henry (wife of Walter de Ridelisford). Williams ab Ithel Annales Cambriaes (Rolls Ser.) (1860): 47 (sub A.D. 1158: "Henricus filius Geraldi occisus est, velut alii volunt, filius Henrici regis ..."). Dimock Geraldus Cambrensis: Itinerarium Kambrice, et Descriptio Kambriæ (Geraldus Cambrensis Opera 6) (Rolls Ser.) (1868): 130 (Date: A.D. 1157: "Fuerant autem duo nobiles viti, et ejus qui scripsit haec avunculi, cum aliis hue a rege transmissi: Henricus scilicet regis Henrici primi filius, et secundi avunculus, ex nobili Nesta, Resi filii Theodori filia, in australi Kambria Demetiae finibus oriundus; et Robertus Stephani filius, Henrici frater non germanus sed uterinus."), 130, footnote 2 ("The death of Henry, her [Nest's] son by [King] H[enryl I., in this attack on Anglesea, is placed by Brut under 1156, in Ann. Camb. under 1158. By the former he is called Henry son of King Henry; by the latter, Henry son of Girald, or, according to others, son of king Henry. He was the father of the famous Meiler, the great hero of the Irish invasion."). Gilbert Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin 1 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 30-31 (charter of Walter de Ridelisford to St. Mary's Abbey; charter granted with consent of his wife, Amabilis Fitz Henry and witnessed by Meiler Fitz Henry). Orpen Ireland under the Normans 1 (1911): 18 (ped. chart). Jour. Royal Soc. of Antiqs. Ireland 82 (1952): 46-61. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.656. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 298-299 (biog. of Meiler Fitzhenry). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith: i. MAUD (or MATHILDE, MAHAUT) OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 (as his 1st wife) ROTROU II “the Great,” Count of Perche, seigneur of Belleme, son and heir of Geoffroi, Count of Mortagne and Perche, by Beatrix, daughter of Count Hilduin, Count of Montdidier and Roucy. He was born about 1080. Her maritagium likely included the manors of Aldboume and Wanborough, Wiltshire. They had two daughters, Philippe and Felicie. During the 1st Crusade, he fought at the Siege of Nicaea in mid-1097. He commanded a division that broke out of Antioch in June 1098. He crusaded against the Muslims in Spain probably in 1108. In 1114 he aided his father-in-law, King Henry I, at the Siege of Belleme. At the request of his wife, Maud, a hide of land at Wanborough, Wiltshire was given to Lewes Priory. His wife, Maud, was drowned in the shipwreck of the White Ship 25 Dec. 1120. He was Governor of Tudela in Aragon and participated in campaigns in Aragon from 1123 until the mid-1130s. He returned to Perche by 1135. He married (2nd) before 1126 HAWISE OF SALISBURY, daughter of Walter of Salisbury (also known as Walter Fitz Edward), of Chitterne, Wiltshire, Great Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, North Aston, Oxfordshire, etc., hereditary Sheriff of Wiltshire, Constable of Salisbury Castle, by Sibyl, daughter of Patrick de Chaources (or Sourches) [see LONGESPEE 2 for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Geoffroi, Rotrou (III) [Count of Perche], and Etienne [Archbishop-elect of Palermo]. After King Henry I's death in 1135, he and his nephew, Richer de l'Aigle, extorted the castles of Moulins and Bonmoulins as the price for their support for King Stephen. In 1139 he was taken in the English king's pay and defeated the unruly knights of Breteuil. ROTROU II, Count of Perche, died 6 May 1144 at the Siege of the Towe of Rouen, he then being in the service of Empress Maud and her husband, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. His widow, Hawise, married (2nd) (as his 1st wife) ROBERT I, Count of Dreux and Braille [see DREUX 6], and, in right of his 1st wife, Count of Perche, seigneur of Bellème, younger son of Louis VI, King of France, by Alix, daughter of Humbert II, Count of Savoy and Maurienne [see FRANCE 5 for his ancestry]. They had one daughter, Alix (wife successively of Waleran III, seigneur of Breteuil, Guy II, seigneur of Châtillon-sur-Marne, Jean I, seigneur of Torote, Châtellain de Noyon, and Raoul I de Nesle, Count of Soissons). His wife, Hawise, died in 1152. Robert I, Count of Dreux and Braine, died 11 October 1188. Duchesne Histoire Généalogique de la Maison Royale de Dreux (1631): 13-42. Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 74-75 (sub Capetians), 423-425 (sub Comtes de Dreux). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Des Murs Hist. des Comtes du Perche de la Fam. des Rotrou (1856). Herald & Genealogist 3 (1866): 173-176. Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 255 (Genealogiæ Fusniacensis: "Rotaldus comes, prefati comitis filius, duxit filiam regis Anglie, de qua filiam procreavit. "). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 3940 (charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche, dated c.1119; charter witnessed by his sister [soror], Juliane, and her son, Richer), 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe). Money Hist. of the Ancient Town & Borough of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Boulais Receuil des Antiquitéz du Perche (1890). Romanet de Beaune Géographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (1894): 33-35. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 419 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "6 [Obiit] Rotrodos comes."). Lalizel Abbaye Royal d'Arcisses (Archives du Diocèse de Chartres 10) (1900): 3-10 (charters of Rotrou, Count of Perche). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. VCH Wiltshire 9 (1970): 174-186; 12 (1983): 67-86. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Traditio 41(1985): 145-179. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.649. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France (2002). Hollister Henry I (2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Power Norman Frontier in the Twelfth & Early Thirteenth Centuries (2004): 360-361. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Geoffrey Grossus Life of Blessed Bernard of Tiron (2009): 71, footnote 1. Child of Maud (or Mathilde) of England, by Rotrou II of Perche: a. PHILIPPE OF PERCHE, married HELIE OF ANJOU, Count of Maine, younger son of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine. They had one daughter, Beatrix (wife of Jean I, Count of Alençon). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe [assensu generis mei Helie filieque mee Romanet de Beaune Geographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30-31 ("... Helias vero ...comes Cenomannonun factus est, et xx annis adepto consulatu strenue potitis est. Heres quoque soceri sin Gervasii de Castro Lidi factus est, eujus filiam habuit, ex qua filiam nomine Eremburgem genuit, quam domino suo Fulconi, Andegavorum comiti, in matromonium copulavit … Uxor ejus ei filiam, Eremburgem nomine, peperit, quae, nubilibus annis, Fulconi, Andegavorum tunc comiti, nunc Ierosolymorum regi, nupsit et generosam sobolem genuit: Joffredum et Heliam, Mathildem et Sibyllam, quae filiis regum solemniter nupserunt"). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by various mistresses: i. GILBERT FITZ ROY. He was still young and unmarried in 1142. Nothing more is known of him. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 281 286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.660. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. WILLIAM DE TRACY. He died soon after his father. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121 (author states in error that William de Tracy had a daughter and heiress, Grace, wife of John de Sudeley, of Sudeley Castle and Toddington, Gloucestershire). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.659. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). iii. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ENGLAND, married CONAN III, Duke of Brittany [see BRITTANY 3]. iv. JULIANE OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 EUSTACHE DE PACY (or DE BRETEUIL), seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, illegitimate son of Guillaume, seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, by an unknown mistress. They had two sons, Guillaume and Roger, and two daughters. In 1119 he took part in the rebellion against King Henry I, who besieged his wife, Juliane, at Breteuil. She fled to Pacy, and in the autumn of 1119 Eustache and Juliane were pardoned by the king. A few years later she became a nun at Fontevrault. EUSTACHE DE PACY died at the beginning of Lent 1136, Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Depoin Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Saint-Martin de Pontoise (1895): 470-476 (Famille d'Ivry). C.P. 8 (1932): 209-210 (sub Lovel); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X11.648. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 304 (Fitz Osbem ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Norrnandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). v. MABEL OF ENGLAND, married before c.1125 GUILLAUME GOUET (or GORT), seigneur of Montmirail and Alluyes, son and heir of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail, Alluyes, Authon, la Bazoche-Gouet, Brou, and Château-du-Loir, by his wife, Eustachie Crespon. They had one son, Guillaume [seigneur of Montmirail]. He joined his parents and his brothers, Robert and Matthew, in the foundation of the Priory of St. Giles des Chateigniers as a cell of Tiron. In 1114, as William Gouet junior, he was one of the nobles of Thibaut, Count of Chartres, whom the count called to advise him. In 1116, with his father and mother, he gave judgment in a dispute between the abbey of Marmoutier and Gaston de Brou. As "Guillaume Goët le jeune," he witnessed a charter of Guillaume de Mesmerand to the leproserie of Chateaudun c.1120. He succeeded his father before c.1125. He made an agreement c.1125 with the Prior of Saint-Denis de Nogent regarding the churches of Ceton and Saint-Ulphace. He likewise gave c.1125 to the monks of Saint-Denis the church of Unverre that Gaston de Brou gave them and that his mother Eustachie unjustly retained; for which gift he received 10 livres and his wife, Mabel, 100 sous. About 1127 he witnessed a charter of Ives de Courville, by which he quitclaimed his land in Courville to Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. In 1136 he granted various privileges to Tiron Abbey. In 1140 he confirmed the gift of Bois-Ruffin made by Ursion de Meslay. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Guérard Cartulaire de Saint Père de Chartres 2 (1840): 471-476, 483-486, 494-495. Lépinois Histoire de Chartres 1 (1854): /41. Etudes sur le Maine, Noblesse du Maine aux Crusades (1859): 49-50. Charles & Elbenne Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans (1886-1913): Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbve de la Sainte-Trinité di Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cix (arms of Guillaume Goet dated 1139: Mi-parti au 1er d'argent à deux chevrons de sable; au 2e trois chevrons brisés d'or), 24-27, 78-79, 104-106. Merlet Inventaire-sommaire des Archives départementales anterieures (11790: Eure-et-Loir, Archives Ecclésiastiques, Serie H 8 (1897): 161. Souancé & Métais Saint-Denis de Nogent-le-Rotrou 1031-1789: Histoire et Cartulaire (1899): LVII-LIX, 103-104 (charter of Guillaume Gouet junior son of Guillaume Gouet dated c.1125), 104-106 (charter dated c.1125 naming Guillaume [Gouet] junior, son of Eustachie wife of [Guillaume] Gouet, and his wife, Mabel), 164-166. Bulls. de la Societé Dunoise Archeologie, Histoire, Sciences & Arts 10 (1904): 171-188. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.663, XIII.1014. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Child of Mabel of England, by Guillaume Gouet: a. GUILLAUME GOUET, seigneur of Montmirail, married ISABELLE (or ELIZABETH) OF BLOIS, Duchess of Apulia [see DONZY 4]. vi. CONSTANCE OF ENGLAND, married ROSCELIN DE BEAUMONT, Vicomte of Beaumont-en-Maine [see BEAUMONT 3]. vii. ALINE OF ENGLAND, married MATHIEU DE MONTMORENCY, seigneur of Montmorency [see LEICESTER 3 {sic: MONTMORENCY 3}]. v. SIBYL OF ENGLAND, married ALEXANDER I, King of Scots [see SCOTLAND 1.v], younger son of Malcolm III (Ceannmor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for his parentage]. He was born about 1077. They had no issue. By an unknown mistress, he had an illegitimate son, Malcolm. He became King of Scotland in 1107 on the death of his elder brother, Edgar, King of Scots. He and his wife, Sibyl, founded the monastery of Scone in Perthshire in 1113-14. He was also a benefactor to Durham and Dunfermline. He invaded Wales in summer 1114, in cooperation with King Henry I of England. His wife, Sibyl, died suddenly at Loch Tay 12 July 1122. ALEXANDER I, King of Scots, died at Stirling 23 April 1124, and was buried before the great altar at Dunfermline, Fife near his father. Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: “VII. Kal. Mali [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "VI. Id. Jul. [10 July] Ob. Sibilla Regina Scottorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Turnbull Extracta E Variis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 68 (Extracts ex Cronicis Scocie sub A.D. 1122: "Sibilla, illustris regine Scocie, uxor regis Alexandri, filia Henrici Beuclerk regis Anglie, apud Lochtay cellam canonicorum de Scona obiit anno Domini Moc.xxij"). Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis 2 (1849): 78 (sub A.D. 1123: "Alexander rex Scottorum, VII. kal. Maii [25 April], obiit."). Liber Ecclesie de Scone (1863): 1-3 (charter of Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl; charter witnessed by his nephew [nepos], Alexander, and by William, brother of the queen [frater regine]). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 3 (sub Kings of Scotland). Lawrie Early Scottish Charters prior to A.D. 1153 (1905): 28-30 (charter to Scone Priory dated c.1120 issued by Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl, "filia Henrici Regis Angliae"), 262. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 50-57. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.655, XIII.205. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 57. Duncan Kingship of the Scots 842-1292 (2002). Barrow Kingdom of the Scots (2003): 1541-56. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Oram David I: The King Who Made Scotland (2004). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 313 (Scotland ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I, by Isabel of Meulan, daughter of Robert of Meulan (or de Beaumont), Count of Meulan, by Isabel (or Elizabeth), daughter of Hugues le Grand Count of Crepy [see VERMANDOIS 5 for her ancestry]. Isabel de Meulan married (1st) Gilbert Fitz Gilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 6 Jan. 1147/8) [see PEMBROKE 3] and (2nd) Ralph Bluet, of Silchester, Hampshire and Lacock, Wiltshire (living 1167) [see PEMBROKE 3]. She was allegedly living in 1172. i. ISABEL OF ENGLAND. She and her mother, Countess Isabel, witnessed two undated charters of her half-brother, Richard Fitz Gilbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Her subsequent history is unknown. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 10 (1855): 261-263 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to the monks of Usk; charter witnessed by Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter, Ralph Bloet, and Walter Bloet). C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 361 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Gilbert to Goldcliff Priory; charter witnessed by Isabel the earl's mother and Isabel his sister). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-102 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke) ("Actually there is no reasonable doubt that Isabel [de Meulan]s daughter bore her mother's name, lived with her after the elder Isabel's marriage, and continued to do so after her step-father's death. For the first two witnesses to the 2nd Earl of Pembroke's charter for Usk are the Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter; and in the charter for Goldcliff Priory the first two witnesses are Isabel the Earl's mother and Isabel the Earl's sister. There is no evidence that she ever married."); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.657. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Alleged but unlikely daughter of King Henry I: i. EMMA OF ENGLAND, married GUY DE LAVAL, seigneur of Laval. Hollister Henry 1(2001): 228 ("Bertrand de Brousillon, La Maison de Laval, 1: 79: 'on pretend meme que l’abbaye de Clermont aurait conserve longtemps une tombe sur laquelle on lisait EMMA ANGLORUM REGIS FILIA DOMINAQUE LAVALLENSIS.' The author dismisses this tradition on the grounds that Robert of Torigny omits 'Emma' from his list of Henry's daughters, but the list is by no means complete. Emma is absent from the list of Henry I's illegitimate daughters in CP, 11, app. D, pp. 112-121.").”	of England, Mabel (I6413)
6033	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY nicknamed “Beauclerc,” King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Cotentin, 4th son, born in 1068 or 1069. He married (1st) 11 Nov. 1100 MAUD OF SCOTLAND, daughter of Malcolm III (CeannMor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for her parentage]. She was born in 1079. They had one son, William, and one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, died at Westminster 1 May 1118. He married (2nd) at Windsor, Berkshire 29 Jan. 1121 ALICE (or AELIZ, ALEIDE, ALEYDA, AELIDIS, ADELIDE, ADELIDIS, ADELAIDIS, ADELIZA, ADELIZE, ATHELICE) OF LOUVAIN, daughter of Gottfried (or Godefroy) I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Louvain, by his 1st wife, Ida, daughter of Otto II, Count of Chiny. She was born about 1103. They had no issue. By various mistresses, he had eight illegitimate sons, Robert [Earl of Gloucester], Richard, Fulk, Reynold [Earl of Cornwall], Robert, Gilbert, William de Tracy, and Henry, and nine illegitimate daughters, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Rotrou II, Count of Perche), Alice, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Conan III, Duke of Brittany), Juliane (wife of Eustache de Pacy, seigneur of Breteuil and Pacy), Mabel (wife of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail), Constance (wife of Roscelin de Beaumont), Aline (wife of Mathieu de Montmorency), Sibyl (wife of Alexander I, King of Scots), and Isabel.* HENRY I, King of England died at Lyons-la-Forêt (near Rouen), Normandy 1 Dec. 1135, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. His widow, Alice, married (2nd) after Dec. 1136 but later than summer 1139 WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, Earl of Lincoln, afterwards 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), hereditary Chief Butler of England, Privy Councillor to King Henry I [see CLIFTON 3]. They had four sons, William [2nd Earl of Arundel or Sussex], Reiner, Henry, and Godfrey, and two daughters, Alice (wife of Jean I, Count of Eu and Alvred de Saint Martin) and Olive. He was a witness to King Stephen's 2nd Charter of Liberties in 1136. He was created Earl of Lincoln c.1138. He gave shelter to Empress Maud at Arundel Castle in 1139, but afterwards adhered to King Stephen. His earldom was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex before Christmas 1141. In his own later charters he is styled Earl of Chichester. About 1145 he witnessed a charter of Henry Hussey as "Consul Willelmo de Cicesterr." His wife, Alice, presented to the prebend of West Dean in 1150. Alice, dowager Queen of England, died as a nun at Affligem Abbey in Brabant 25 (or 26) March 1151, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. He was influential in arranging the treaty of 1153, whereby the Crown continued with King Stephen for life, though the inheritance thereof was secured to Henry II. He subscribed his name to this instrument as "Comes Cicestrie." By grant dated c.1155, King Henry II confirmed to him as "William, Earl of Arundel" the Castle of Arundel, with the whole honour of Arundel and all its appurtenances. He served as Joint Ambassador to France and to the Pope in 1163/4. He served as Chief Ambassador with Princess Maud to Germany in 1168. He was appointed joint Commander of the royal army in Normandy in 1173. In Sept. 1173 he assisted in the defeat near Bury St. Edmunds of the Earl of Leicester. He founded Buckenham Abbey, Norfolk and Pynharn Priory, Sussex. WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), died at Waverley Abbey, Surrey 4 (or 12) October 1176, and was buried at Wymondham Priory, Norfolk. [Footnote *: In 1824 the Scottish historian Chalmers stated that King Henry I of England had an illegitimate daughter, Elizabeth, who married Fergus, lord of Galloway (died 1161). [see Chalmers Caledonia 3 (1824): 250, footnote k ("Fergus [lord of Galloway] ... was a prince of some note, even at the court of Henry I. of England, is certain : as he took to wife, according to the heralds, genealogists, and chroniclers, Elizabeth, the natural daughter of Henry I.")]. Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway), however, debunked Chalmers' statement, noting that the authorities quoted by Chalmers "do not bear out his assertion." Even so, other secondary sources have continued to repeat Chalmers' unfounded claim: See, for example, Mackenzie History of Galloway (1841): 167-172 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England"); Anderson Scottish Nation 2 (1862): 195 ("Fergus, lord of Galloway ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England ..."); M'Kerlie Galloway in Ancient & Modern Times (1891): 155 ("It is necessary to repeat here that Fergus married Elizabeth, the natural daughter of King Henry I. of England."); Maxwell Hist. of Dumfries & Galloway (1896): 47-48 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, natural daughter of Henry I., and sister of Sibilla, who married Alexander I., brother of David."); Ramsay Angevin Empire (1903): 90, footnote 7 ("Gunfrith [i.e., Godred] was son of Olaf, by Afreca, daughter of Fergus of Galloway, by 'Elisabeth,' reputed natural daughter of Henry I."); Oram Lordship of Galloway (2000): 60; Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Barrow Robert Bruce (1965): 36, footnote 2 notes that "Roger Howden calls Uchtred son of Fergus of Galloway a cousin of King Henry II (Gesta Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Ser., i, 80)," a relationship which Professor Barrow states "is best explained on the supposition that Fergus married a bastard daughter of Henry I." However, given that King Henry II of England had a Scottish grandmother, a more likely explanation of the kinship between the Galloway and English royal families is that the wife of Fergus was near related to the Scottish royal family, possibly being a sister of William Fitz Duncan, whose grandfather was Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots [died 1093]. This arrangement would make Uchtred son of Fergus and King Henry II of England related in the 3rd degree of kindred (or second cousins).] D'Achery Spicilegium 10 (1671): 612-613 (Continuatio Chronici Afflegemiensis: "Filia præfati Ducis Aleidis juncta matrimonio Regi Angliæ, post obitum secundi con jugis Afflegemiensis Claustri solitudinem ad reliquum vitæ ad humandum corpus elegit in domo turti Ecclesiæ contigua, cum una aut akera ancilla in Fratrum Afflegemiensiurn quieta taciturna multitudine solitaria habitavit, & beato fine quievit, de qua epitaphium: Aleidis Regina Anglim, filia Ducis Godefridi cum barba, Regnum suscepit in Anglia an MCXXI. obiit 9 Kal. Maii [23 April], sepulta è regione horologii nostri."). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 30 (Kalendar of Obits: "IIII Non. December [2 December]. Obitus Henrici Regis."). Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 32-34. Morice Mémoires pour servir de Preuves à l'Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne 1 (1742): 130 (Extract of Cronicle of Robert, Abbot of Mont Saint Michel: "Anno 1135. Obiit Henricus I. Rex Anglorum in prima die Decembris, cum regnasset annis 35. & 4 mensibus."). Brequigny & Mouchet Table Chronologique des Diplômes, Chartes, Titres ... concernant l’Histoire de France 3 (1783): 236 (charter dated c.1155 of Alice Queen of the English [Adelaidis reginæ Anglorum]). Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: Kal. Maii [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 218 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "IV. Non. Dec. [2 December] Ob Henricus Rex Anglorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Norrnands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXI)). Tierney Hist. & Antiqs. of the Castle & Town of Arundel 1 (1834): 169-179. Michel Histoire des Ducs de Normandie et des Rois D'Angleterre (1840): 69 ("Li rois Henrie, quant la roine Mehaus fu morte, prist à feme Aalis, la fille Godefroi le duc de Louvaing, la cousine Wistasse [Eustace] de Bouloigne; mais n'en ot nul enfant. Si ot-il de bas .vj. Ills et .vij. fines"). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 135-211 (biog. of Matilda of Scotland), 212-256 (biog. of Adelicia of Louvaine). Barrett Memorials of the parochial Church ... in the Parish of Attleborough (1848): 12-41. Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis 2 (1849): 74 (Maud [of Blois], Countess of Chester, styled "niece" to King Henry I of England [neptis regis1). Ordericus Vitalis Ecclesiastical Hist. of England & Normandy 3 (1854): 482 (Roger Fitz Roger and Walter d'Aufay [Aufai] styled "cousins" to King Henry I at Battle of Bremule in 1119 by Ordericus Vitalis). Arch. Journal 20 (1863): 283 ("Adeliza appears to have used the identical matrux of the seal which had belonged to the first queen of Henry I., the name-Aalidis-having been substituted for Matli[Idis), 287-288 (charter of Queen Alice [Aelidis regina] ... There is appended ... a pointed oval seal of white wax .... device, a female figure standing ... The legend is + SIGILLVM • AALIDIS • SECVND[AE • DE]I • GRACIA • REGINAE • ANGLIE.), 288-289 (charter of Queen Alice [A. Dei gracia Regina]); 22 (1865): 152-153 (charter of William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Lincoln; charter names Queen Alice his wife [regina Adelidis]). Sussex Arch. Colls. 15 (1863): 112-113. Luard Annales Monastici 1 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1864): 14 (Margam Annals sub 1151: "Obiit Adelidis, regina secunda Henrici regis."); 3 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1866): 433 (Bermondsey Annals sub A.D. 1121: "Hoc anno rex Henricus primus duxit Adelizam, filiam ducis Lovaniae, in uxorem, tertio nonas Februarii [3 February]."). Burke Gen. Hist, of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited & Extinct Peerages (1866): 2-3 (sub Albini, Earls of Arundel). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. (1867): 21-33 ("In the Register of the Priory of Bromhale, we find the record of his death under the date of the 4th day of October, 22nd of Henry II (A.D. 1176), in the following words, `obiit Willielmus Comes Arundel' (no mention of Sussex or Chichester), et `sepultus est in prioratus de Wymondham.’"). Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptorum 20 (1868): 67 (Orderic Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, Liber X: Roger Fitz Richard [de Clare) styled "kinsman" [cognatus) of King Henry I of England). Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104-108 (discusses evidence that King Henry I had an illegitimate daughter, Maud (or Mathilde)/Almodis, who was Abbess of Montivilliers). Ellis Antiqs. of Heraldry (1869): 206-207 (Aubigny ped.). Lower Compendious Hist. of Sussex 1 (1870): 70 (Robert de Haia, founder of Boxgrove Priory, styled "king's kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry I). Delisle Delisle Chronique de Robert de Tongni 1 (1872): 215 (sub A.D. 1139: "Invitarerat enim eos Willermus de Albinneio, qui duxerat Aeliz quondam reginam, quæ habebat castellum et comitatum Hardundel, quod rex Henricus dederat ei in dote."); 2 (1873): 63-64 ("Cessit etiam in fata Willermus de Albineio, quem vocabant comitem d'Arundel, relinquens filios quatuor, scilicet Guillermum de Albineio pritnogenitum, et alios tres natos ex Aeliza regina, uxore primi Henrici regis Anglorum."). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1874): 298 (sub 1176: "comes etiam Willelmus de Arundel obiit quarto idus Octobris [12 October] apud Waverle, et sepultus eat apud Wimundham, cellam scilicet ecclesiæ Sancti Albani, cujus cellæ patronus fuisse dinoscitur."). Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Obiit autem Matildis regina Anglia anno regni sui xviiio, kalendis Maii [1 May], et apud Radingas sepulta est."). Merlet Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cviii (arms of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy dated 1115: D'argent au cavalier d'azur). D.N.B. 1 (1885): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1(1886): 66 (sub Arundel). Raine Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1886): 169 (History of the Four Archbishops by Hugh the Chantor - King Henry I and Pope Calixtus II were kinsmen: "Nam præter spiritualem patris et filii relationem, carnali consanguinitate propinqui erant, quorum avus et avia frater et soror fuerunt." (Note: Pope Calixtus II was a younger son of William I, Count of Burgundy, whose mother Alice was daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 5-8 (seal of King Henry I - Obverse. King, seated in majesty, in an undercoat with sleeves tight at wrists, and loose skirts reaching below knees; and long flowing cloak fastened at throat and spreading out behind, which has a border, with indications of a fur of symmetrical pattern. On the head a cap-shaped crown, with three fleurs-de-lis, one at top and one at either side, and two chin-straps hanging loosely at sides, the ends having buckles in shape of trefoils. In right hand, extended outwards from elbow, a sword is held almost perpendicularly. In left hand, similarly extended, an orb, ensigned with a long cross pattee pommettee. Throne, apparently square, and closely resembling that of William II.; the centre curves with a bold cusp inwards, with a string-course, and is the narrowest part. In lower of two compartments thus made, is a footboard, not enough remaining to show original size. On throne a flat cushion with square edge, carrying at each end a hemispherical ornament, intended for pillow. Reverse. King, hauberk of chain-mail; conical helmet, having a blunt point at crown of head, and perhaps armed with projecting nose-piece; single pointed spur of goad form; long lance to which is attached a banner, charged with cross moline, and three pairs of waving streamers. No indication of sword. In left hand, held by interior strap, a kite-shaped shield, seen from within. The horse is walking to the right hand, caparisoned with breast-band, which is ornamented by five globular pendants equi-distant. Saddle of small dimensions; with stirrups. The loosely gathered reins are held up in left hand, which also sustains shield. Legend: + HENRIC' D... ... ...). Round "An Unknown Mistress of Henry I." in Eng. Hist. Rev. 5 (1890): 745-746. Luard Flores Historiarum 2 ((Rolls Ser.) 1890): 69 ("Anno gratix MCLIo [1151]. Obiit Adelicia regina, uxor regis Stephani;" the editor notes that the name "Stephani" is erased in Ch. and altered to "Henrici I."). Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (Docs. sur la Province du Perche 3rd Ser. 2) (1894): 40-43. Recueil des Historiens des Castles et de la France 23 (1894): 471 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: "25 Mart. Obiit Adelicia regina."), 476 (Ex Necrologio Monasterii Crucis Sancti Leufredi: "25 Mart. [Obiit] Adeliza, regina Anglorum."), 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Mali. [Obiit] Matildis, regina Anglorum."), 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "12 Oct. [Obiit] Guillelmus, comes de Arundel."), 581 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Dec. [Obiit] Henricus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum."). Napier & Stevenson Crawford Coll. of early Charters & Docs. now in the Bodleian library (1895): 31 (William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Chichester dated c.1150; charter names his wife, Queen Alice [regina Adelide]). Bradshaw Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral Pt. 2 (1897): (obits. in the odd volume of the great Latin Bible), ccxxxviii (2 May - "Matildis regina uxor Henrici regis."), ccxlii (2 Dec. - "Henricus, pacificus rex Anglorum."). Trans. East Herts Arch. Soc. 1(1) (1901): 129-135 (charter of Queen Alice widow of King Henry I dated 1136 [Adelidis regina uxor nobillisimi regis Henrici & filia Godefridi ducis lotharingie]. C.C.R. 1227-1231 (1902): 530 (confirmation of gift of Alice, formerly Queen of England). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 316 (Abbaye de Saint-Denis: "kal. Maius [1 May] Ob. Matildis, Anglorum regina [1118]."), 523 (Prieure de Longpont: "kaL maii. [1 May] [obit.] Maltidis, Anglorum regina [1118]."). Warner & Ellis Facsimiles of Royal & Other Charters in the British Museum 1 (1903): #14 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Lincoln dated c.1139-40; charter names his wife, Queen Adeleidis), #27 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Chichester dated 1151-2; charter names his wife, Queen Athelice). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 1-2 (sub Kings of Scotland). Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 25-34. Eng. Hist. Rev. 21(1906): 505-509. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 2 (1906): 241 (Obituaire of Prieure de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan: "Henricus, rex Anglorum, frater noster, III nonas decembris [3 Dec.] [1135]."), 661 (Nécrologe of Abbaye de Saint-Jean-en-Vallée: 12 Dec.] IIII non. Obiit Henricus, Anglorum rex [1135], ecclesiarum amator praecipuus."). Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway) ("[Fergus, lord of Galloway] is said to have married Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of King Henry I. of England, but the authorities quoted by Chalmers, who makes the statement, do not bear out his assertion."). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Urseau Cartulaire Moir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (1908): 167-168 (charter of King Henry I dated c.1111=20). Gomme Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1909): 217 (sub A.D. 1100: Maud of Scotland, 1st wife of King Henry I, styled "kinswoman to king Edward [the Confessor] and of the true royal race of England."), 239-240 (sub A.D. 1127: Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone], Abbot of Saint-Jean of Angély (in Poitou), afterwards Abbot of Peterborough styled "kinsman" [mæi] of [Henry I] King of England and [Guillaume] Count of Poitou) [see also Earle and Plummer Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel 1 (1892): 257; English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-5601. CP. 1 (1910): 233-235, 237 (chart) (sub Arundel); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Round King's Serjeants & Officers of State (1911): 140-165. English Hist. Rev. 34 (1919): 303-382. Farrer Outline Itinerary of King Henry 1 (1920). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) XI 112. Rübel-Blass (1939) 257 (biographical information). G.H. White "Henry I's Illegitimate Children," in C.P. 11 (1949), Appendix D, 105-121. Leys Sandford Cartulary 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 22) (1941): 216. Johnson et al. Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066-1154 2 (1956): 148 (John [son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent], a royal chaplain, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of King Henry I of England in charter dated 1117-19). C.R.R. 12 (1957): 157-158 (Sibyl de Falaise, wife of Baldwin de Bolers, styled "kinswoman" [nepte] of King Henry I of England). Stenton First Century of English Feudalism, 1066-1166 (1961). Davis King Stephen (1967): 137 ("[King] Stephen recognized three successive earls of Lincoln ... The first was William d'Aubigny pincerna who married Queen Adeliza, widow of King Henry I, and in her right became lord of the honour and castle of Arundel. He styles himself William Earl of Lincoln in three charters in which his identity is proved by references to his wife. They are in favour of Lewes Priory and the abbeys of Reading and Affligem-and in the case of Affligem there is also a charter of Adeliza referring to her husband as earl of Lincoln (Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville 3245; Warner and Ellis, Facsimiles, no. 14; E. de Marneffe, Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Affligem in Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclesiastique de la Belgique, 2o section, pp. 104,106). In royal charters it is usually impossible to distinguish him from his successor, William de Roumare, since the normal style of both was Willelmus comes de Lincolnia, or (before he was an earl) from his father, William d'Aubignypincerna, who died before June 1139 (Reg. iii. 973). If Robert de Torigny is right (Chronicles iv. 137) William had married Adeliza by September 1139, and it is tempting to assume that it was on his marriage that he was made earl of Lincoln, his connection with that county being that his mother, Maud Bigod, was a grand-daughter, and possible co-heiress, of Robert de Tosny of Belvoir. We do not know precisely when he was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex, but it was certainly by Christmas 1141 when he attested a charter as Comite Willelmo de Sudsexa (Reg. iii. 276)."). Chibnall Ecclesiastical Hist. of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80): 317 (Vol. VI, Book XII - Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone] styled "kinsman" [cognato] of King Henry I of England) [see English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-560]. Albion 10 (1978): 330-340. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 95 (sub Hainault, Brabant); 2 (1984): 81 (sub England); 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Chibnall Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166 (1986). Green Government of England under Henry 1(1986). Hollister Monarchy, Magnates, & Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World (1986). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 1 (Camden Soc. 4th Ser. 31) (1986): 301, 369, 476. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.1.423, XII.371, X11.644-X11.645, XIII.207. Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 136 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "7 Kal. [Apr.] [26 March]. Obiit Atheliza regina."), 130 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit Rex Anglorum Henricus primus."), 146 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit rex Anglorum Henricus i."). Haskins Soc. Jour. 7 (1995): 101-116. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35, 57. Scottish Hirt. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I Pt 2 (List and Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 143 (confirmation c. 1172/81 of grant made by Queen Adela) (original published in Jour. of British Architetural Assoc. 17: 312). Scottish Hist. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Harper-Bill Anglo-Norman Studies XXI (1999): 145-168. Bartlett England under the Norman & Angevin Kings 1075-1225 (2000). Hollister Henry 1(2001). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.), 313 (Scotland ped.). Weller Die Heiratspolitik des deutschen Hochadels im 12. Jahrhundert (2004): 464-4.76 (biog. of Königin Adelheid von England) ("On page 476, Weller states: "Seine Gattin Adelheid von Lowen, die ehemalige Konigin von England, war schon 1151 wahrend des Bürgerkrieges verschieden und wurde in Reading beigesetzt ... Der Begräbnisort Kgn. Adelheids geht aus einem Schreiben Jocelins v. Löwen an Bf. Hilarius v. Chichester eindeutig hervor, vgl. Reading Abbey Cartularies 1, No. 551, 416E; s.a. Bartlett, England 596. Nicht stichhaltig ist demgegeniiber die van Sanderus, Chorographia 1, 45, verbreitete Nachricht, wonach Adelheid vor ihrem Tod in ihre Heimat übergesiedelt und im Kloster Afflighem gestoren and begraben sei; heirnach auch John Horace Round in dem Art.: Adeliza of Louvain, in DNB 1(1885): 137f.; Complete Peerage 1, 235. Allerdings ist Kgn. Adelheid als Wohltäterin von Afflighem aufgetreten unde hat dem Kloster einigen Besitz in England gestiftet; vgl. Cart. Afflighem, No. 79, 121-124 (hier 122)."). Verbeke Medieval Narrative Sources (2005): 21-36. Fleming Henry I & the Anglo-Norman World: Studies in Memory of C. Warren Hollister (2006). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006). Children of King Henry I of England, by Maud of Scotland: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, son and heir apparent, born in 1103. As his father's destined successor, he received the homage of the Normans barons in 1115, and that of the English witan in 1116. He married at Lisieux in May 1119 MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ANJOU, daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou. He was with his father at the Battle of Bremule in 1119. Early in 1120 King Louis of France invested him with the duchy of Normandy. He was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 160 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1120: "Willelmus filius Henrici Regis, & Ricardus frater ejus & Ricardus Comes de Cestria cum multis Nobilibus naufragio perierunt.”). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. D.N.B. 21(1909): 337 (biog. of William, son of Henry I, King of England). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 81 (sub England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.644. Caenegem English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I 1 (Selden Soc. 106) (1990): 180-181, 192-193, 213-214. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.). ii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, married (1st) HEINRICH V, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor; (2nd) GEOFFREY V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy [see next]. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by an unknown mistress, (possibly a member of the Bohun family): i. ROBERT FITZ ROY, Earl of Gloucester, married MABEL FITZ ROBERT [see GLOUCESTER 3]. Illegitimate sons of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Ansfride, widow of Anskill, a knight who was a tenant of Abingdon Abbey: i. RICHARD FITZ ROY, born before 1101. He served against the French in 1119, and was captured at Les Andelys. He was set free with his comrades by King Louis, because they had taken sanctuary in the church of Notre Dame du Grand Andely. Later the same year he was with his father at the Siege of Evreux and the Battle of Brémule. In Sept. 1119 he was sent to raise the Siege at Bréteuil. He was betrothed to Amice de Gael, daughter of Raoul, seigneur of Gael in Brittany and Bréteuil in Normandy. He was drowned immediately afterwards in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Amice subsequently married Robert of Meulan, 1st Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 6]. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Alium quoque habuit filium Ricardum, et cessavit parere... Navis enim infausta qun regis gestabat filios Willelrnum et Ricardum, submersa est, periitque in scopulis Barbefluvii."). C.P. 7 (1929): 527-530 (sub Leicester); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.646. Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni 2 (1992): 248-249 (Robert de Torigny: "Ricardus autem, huius comitis uno de patre frater, cum fratre suo Willelmo in sepedicto naufiagio periit."). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. FULK FITZ ROY. Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(II.647. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Sibyl Corbet: i. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall, Sheriff of Devon, 1173-5. He married in 1140 MABEL FITZ WILLIAM, daughter of William Fitz Richard, of Cornwall. They had one son, Nicholas, and four daughters, Denise (wife of Richard de Redvers, Earl of Devon), Maud, Sarah (wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges), and Emme (wife of Guy V de Laval, seigneur of Laval). By a mistress, Beatrice de Valle (or Vaux) (afterwards wife of William Briwerre, Knt.), he had an illegitimate son, Henry Fitz Count. By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, William. He was granted the lands of William, Earl of Mortain, amounting to 215-1/2 fees in Devon and Cornwall. He was created Earl of Cornwall about April 1141. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, were recognized by contemporaries as "the most powerful men in the kingdom." His wife, Mabel, fell into insanity in the 1140s. He witnessed a charter of Henry d'Oilly in the period, 1114-47. In 1153 he witnessed the agreement between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy [afterwards King Henry II]. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, acted as intermediary between the king and Thomas Becket at Northampton in 1164. He played a major part in opposing the rebels of 1173-4 in England. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall died 1 July 1175, allegedly at Chertsey, Surrey, and was buried at Reading, Berkshire. Dugdale Baronage (1675): 702 (sub Briwere) ("[William Briwere] having married Beatrix de Valle, a Concubine, as 'tis said, to Reginald Earl of Cornwall (which is probable, for in a Grant made by Henry Son to the same Reginald [Earl of Cornwall], unto this William [Briwere], of the Mannor of Karswell, and Land of Hakford, he calls him his Brother")) [Note: Dugdale evidently intended to say that Henry Fitz Count's brother was William Briwere the younger, as it was William Briwere the elder was the husband of his mother, Beatrice de Valle]. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 6, 98 (undated charter of Reynold son of King Henry to William de Botreaux son of Alice Corbet his aunt [matertera]; charter witnessed by his son, Nicholas; his nephews/kinsmen [nepotibus], Ralph and Richard, and his brother, William), 112. Topographer 2 (1790): 288-291. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 2 (1836 11): 239-240 (Bruere or Briwere ped.). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 163 ("Deditque ibidem Hereberto filio Hereberti, et Willelmo fratri comitis Reginaldi, et Joelllano de la Pumerai, nepoti eorum, regnum be Limeric pro servitio sexaginta militum"), 172 ("Nam Herbertus, et Willelmus, fratres Reginaldi comitis Cornubiae, et Joellanus de Purnetia nepos eorum, regnum illud havere noluerunt; sed illud reddiderunt domino regi et Johanni filio suo liberum et quietum ab omni calurnnia eorum"). Le Fizelier Mémoire chronologique de Maucourt de Bourjolly sur la Ville de Laval 1 (1886): 136-142. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-253 (William brother of Earl Reynold [Willelmus frater Comitis Reginaldi] held 1/2 knight's fee of Robert Fitz Roy in 1166), 261-262 (William brother of the Earl [Willelmus frater Comitis] held four knight's fees Reynold, Earl of Cornwall in 1166). Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 455-456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 34. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 75. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Colls. Hist. Staffs. 1924 (1926): 9, 219. English Hist. Rev. 62 (1947): 352-377 (charter of William de Marsh brother of Reynold Earl of Cornwall [Willelmus de Marisco frater Reginaldi comitis Cornubie]). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II], later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Minor & Butler eds. Letters of John of Salisbury 1 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1955): 162-163. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987): 9-10 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1154-65), 10-11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1146-55), 11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 195-196 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1165-75, witnessed by his son, Nicholas), 196-197 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 197-198 (two confirmation charters of King Henry II of England naming his "uncle" [avunculus] Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, one dated c.1174-5, the other dated c.1174-6). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(11.651, X111.996-1000. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Hollister Henry 1(2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart).Cornwall Rec. Office: Borough of Truro, BTRU/1 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1161-66) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, by Mabel Fitz William: a. MAUD OF CORNWALL, married ROBERT II, Count of Meulan [see VERMANDOIS 7]. Illegitimate child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, allegedly by Beatrice de Valle: a. HENRY FITZ COUNT, of Liskeard, Cornwall and King's Kerswell, Devon, Constable of Totnes Castle, 1209, Governor of Portchester Castle, 1211, Sheriff of Cornwall, 1215, 1217-20, Constable of Launceston Castle and Warden of the Stanneries, 1215. In 1194 he was granted the manors of Liskeard, Cornwall and Diptford and King's Kerswell, Devon by the king. In 1196 he witnessed the Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by his alleged step-father, Sir William Briwerre. In 1215 he had a grant of the county of Cornwall from King John, to farm until the realm should be at peace. The grant was renewed by King Henry III 7 Feb. 1216/7. He resigned the county to the king in 1220, when he took the cross. HENRY FITZ COUNT died a crusader in 1222. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Hunter Catalogue of the MSS in the library of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn (1838): 13. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(2) (1846): 924 (Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by William Briwer). Oliver Monasticon Dioecesis Exoniensis (1846): 174 (charter of Henry son of Reynold Earl of Cornwall; charter granted for the souls of his brothers and his mother), 179, 183. Trans. Exeter Diocesan Architectural & Arch. Soc. 2nd Ser. 1 (1867): 133-134. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 31(1870): 5. Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 21. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 9 (1902): 295-296 ("But Reginald de Dunstanville [i.e., Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall] had also by Beatrix de Valle (who afterwards became the wife of William Brewer, the judge of Henry II. and one of the regents of Richard I.) an illegitimate son named Henry FitzCount (sometimes FitzHenry), who became in after years also Earl of Cornwall."). Genealogist n.s. 20 (1904): 10-11. C.P. 3 (1913): 430 (sub Cornwall). Painter Reign of King John (1949): 231, 290, 348, 358-359. Hobbs Cartulary of Forde Abbey (Somerset Rec. Soc. 85) (1998): 116 (charter of Henry Fitz Count dated 1200-22; charter witnessed by William Brewer). North Devon Rec. Office: Chichester of Arlington, 50/11/29/3 (confirmation of a gift of land dated early 13th Cent. from Henry son of Earl Reginald to William de Tracy of all his land of Wollecombe [in Mortehoe] and Boklande, Devon, which William and his ancestors held of Henry and his ancestors, lords of Bradneys, as the charter of Hugh Ruffus testifies. To have and to hold to the aforesaid William, his heirs and assigns, of Henry and his heirs for ever, rendering all due and customary services. Seal of Henry son of Earl Reginald - Round, natural wax, armorial, surrounded by legend giving name of owner, chipped. The arms on shield resemble those of Courtenay family, but the Courtenays did not become Earls till 14th Cent.) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Henry III Fine Rolls Project (Baldekin styled "kinsman" of H[enry] Fitz Count in a fine roll item dated 1220; by whom he was earlier granted lands in Cornwall formerly held by Robert de Tintagel) (available at www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_015.html). Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith, daughter of Forne son of Sigulf, lord of Greystoke, Cumberland. Edith subsequently married ROBERT D'OILLY, of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, Constable of Oxford Castle. They had two sons, Henry and Gilbert. He and his wife, Edith, founded Oseney Priory near Oxford in 1129. Robert d'Oilly died in Sept. 1142. Sometime in the period, c.1145-56, his widow, Edith, granted a toft in Huggate and 68-1/2 acres in the fields there to the poor of the Hospital of St. Peter, York. Leys Sandford Cartulary 1 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 19) (1938): 50 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith), 92 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated before June 1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith, and his son, Henry). Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 505-508, 510 (charter of Edith wife of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1145-56), 510-511 (charter of Henry d'Oilly dated c.1145-56; charter witnessed by his wife, Maud), 518-519. Hedley Northumberland Fares. (1968): 233. i. ROBERT FITZ ROY. He held land in Devonshire in 1130. He witnessed a charter of his step-father, Robert d'Oilly, in the period, ?1130-35. He supported his half-sister, Empress Maud, in the Civil War. In the period, 1144-7, he witnessed a charter of his half-brother, Henry d'Oilly. In 1146-7 he witnessed a charter of Empress Maud and her son, Henry. About 1150 he granted 10 pounds of land in his manor of Wantage, Berkshire to the church of Oseney, with the counsel of Henry d'Oilly his half-brother. Sometime in the period, 1153-67, he witnessed a charter of Wigan of Wallingford. He married before 1162 MAUD D'AVRANCHES, widow of William de Courcy (or ?Geoffrey de Crimes?), and daughter of Robert d'Avranches, by ___, daughter of Gelduin de Dol. They had one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, was heiress of Richard Fitz Baldwin. In 1162 he granted St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter two ferlings of land in his manor of Calvalegie juxta Cobbalegiam, together with a man named Edwium son of Wranhi; charter was granted with with the consent of his wife, Maud d'Avranches. ROBERT FITZ ROY died 31 May 1172. His widow, Maud, died 21 Sept. 1173. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farms of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Coll. Top. et Gen. 1 (1834): 188 ("C. Rob[er]ti filii Henrici Regis per concessionem Mathildis, filiz Roberti de Avrenchis et heredis Ricardi filii Baldewini, dans totam vincam quam Rob'tus fil. Baldewini et Ricardus fester ejus Eccl. S.N. dederunt."), 382 (charter dated 1162 of Robert son of King Henry, granted with consent of Maud d'Avranches his wife [Robertus filius Regis Henrici, assensu Matillidis de Abrinco uxoris meae to St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter). Dugdale Monasticon Anglican = 5 (1846): 377-382 (Ford Abbey, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia: "Obijt denique vir ejus secundus, dominus Robertus filius regis Henrici anno Domini M.clxxii. pridie calendas Junii [31 May], et post ipsum vicecomitissa Matildis, itaque de Aubrincis ut prius nuncupata, undecimo calendas Octobris [21 Sept.] anno Domini M.clxxiii. et regni regis Henrici secundi 19."); 6(1) (1830): 253 (charter of Robert son of King Henry [Robertus Henrici regis filius]; charter names his [half-]brother [fratris], Henry d'Oilly). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Priory of Hexham 1 (Surtees Soc. 64) (1864): 138 (Chronicle of John, Prior of Hexham: "Emissi sunt autem ducenti milites cum Rodberto, filio Edae et Henrici Regis notho, et Johanne Marascaldo ...."). Freeman Reign of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 723. Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): 374 (charter of Robert son of King Henry dated c.1150). Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 3 (1881): 1-3. Maitland Bracton's Note Book 2 (1887): 137-138 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that he was the son of Hawise, the first born daughter of Maud d'Avranches; Hawise's sister, Maud de Courtenay, who was the plaintiff in the lawsuit, in turn testified that the said Hawise was the daughter of Geoffrey de Crimes (or Crunes, Cruues), the 1st husband of Maud d'Avranches), 404-405; 3 (1887): 450-452 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that his mother, Hawise, was the daughter of William de Curcy, husband of Maud d'Avranches). Notes & Gleanings 2 (1889): 50-56. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-254 (list of knights fees held by Robert Fitz Roy in 1166). Note-book of Tristram Risdon (1897): 53-56. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 73, 75, 101-102. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Seversmith Colonial Fams. of Long Island New York & Connecticut 5 (1958): 2426-2428. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.650, XIII.995. Reedy Basset Charters c.1120 to 1250 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 50) (1995): 25-26 (charter dated 1146-7 of Empress Maud daughter of King Henry I and her son, Henry; charter witnessed by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and Robert Fitz Roy). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Fizzard Plympton Priory (2008): 62, footnote 26. Child of Robert Fitz Roy, by Maud d'Avranches: a. MAUD FITZ ROBERT, married REYNOLD DE COURTENAY, of Sutton, Berkshire [see COURTENAY 1]. ii. ALICE FITZ ROY. In the period, ?1130-35, she witnessed a charter of her step-father, Robert d'Oilly, and her mother, Edith. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 72-73 (Alice daughter of the king [Adeliza Lila Reg.] witness to charter of Robert d'Oilly, his wife, and son dated ?1130-35). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Nest, wife of Gerald of Windsor, Constable of Pembroke, and daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwt, Prince of South Wales: i. HENRY FITZ ROY, of Pembrokeshire. He was killed during King Henry II's invasion at Anglesea in 1157 or 1158. He married ___. They had two sons, Meiler Fitz Henry [Justiciar of Ireland] and Robert, and presumably one daughter, Amabilis Fitz Henry (wife of Walter de Ridelisford). Williams ab Ithel Annales Cambriaes (Rolls Ser.) (1860): 47 (sub A.D. 1158: "Henricus filius Geraldi occisus est, velut alii volunt, filius Henrici regis ..."). Dimock Geraldus Cambrensis: Itinerarium Kambrice, et Descriptio Kambriæ (Geraldus Cambrensis Opera 6) (Rolls Ser.) (1868): 130 (Date: A.D. 1157: "Fuerant autem duo nobiles viti, et ejus qui scripsit haec avunculi, cum aliis hue a rege transmissi: Henricus scilicet regis Henrici primi filius, et secundi avunculus, ex nobili Nesta, Resi filii Theodori filia, in australi Kambria Demetiae finibus oriundus; et Robertus Stephani filius, Henrici frater non germanus sed uterinus."), 130, footnote 2 ("The death of Henry, her [Nest's] son by [King] H[enryl I., in this attack on Anglesea, is placed by Brut under 1156, in Ann. Camb. under 1158. By the former he is called Henry son of King Henry; by the latter, Henry son of Girald, or, according to others, son of king Henry. He was the father of the famous Meiler, the great hero of the Irish invasion."). Gilbert Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin 1 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 30-31 (charter of Walter de Ridelisford to St. Mary's Abbey; charter granted with consent of his wife, Amabilis Fitz Henry and witnessed by Meiler Fitz Henry). Orpen Ireland under the Normans 1 (1911): 18 (ped. chart). Jour. Royal Soc. of Antiqs. Ireland 82 (1952): 46-61. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.656. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 298-299 (biog. of Meiler Fitzhenry). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith: i. MAUD (or MATHILDE, MAHAUT) OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 (as his 1st wife) ROTROU II “the Great,” Count of Perche, seigneur of Belleme, son and heir of Geoffroi, Count of Mortagne and Perche, by Beatrix, daughter of Count Hilduin, Count of Montdidier and Roucy. He was born about 1080. Her maritagium likely included the manors of Aldboume and Wanborough, Wiltshire. They had two daughters, Philippe and Felicie. During the 1st Crusade, he fought at the Siege of Nicaea in mid-1097. He commanded a division that broke out of Antioch in June 1098. He crusaded against the Muslims in Spain probably in 1108. In 1114 he aided his father-in-law, King Henry I, at the Siege of Belleme. At the request of his wife, Maud, a hide of land at Wanborough, Wiltshire was given to Lewes Priory. His wife, Maud, was drowned in the shipwreck of the White Ship 25 Dec. 1120. He was Governor of Tudela in Aragon and participated in campaigns in Aragon from 1123 until the mid-1130s. He returned to Perche by 1135. He married (2nd) before 1126 HAWISE OF SALISBURY, daughter of Walter of Salisbury (also known as Walter Fitz Edward), of Chitterne, Wiltshire, Great Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, North Aston, Oxfordshire, etc., hereditary Sheriff of Wiltshire, Constable of Salisbury Castle, by Sibyl, daughter of Patrick de Chaources (or Sourches) [see LONGESPEE 2 for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Geoffroi, Rotrou (III) [Count of Perche], and Etienne [Archbishop-elect of Palermo]. After King Henry I's death in 1135, he and his nephew, Richer de l'Aigle, extorted the castles of Moulins and Bonmoulins as the price for their support for King Stephen. In 1139 he was taken in the English king's pay and defeated the unruly knights of Breteuil. ROTROU II, Count of Perche, died 6 May 1144 at the Siege of the Towe of Rouen, he then being in the service of Empress Maud and her husband, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. His widow, Hawise, married (2nd) (as his 1st wife) ROBERT I, Count of Dreux and Braille [see DREUX 6], and, in right of his 1st wife, Count of Perche, seigneur of Bellème, younger son of Louis VI, King of France, by Alix, daughter of Humbert II, Count of Savoy and Maurienne [see FRANCE 5 for his ancestry]. They had one daughter, Alix (wife successively of Waleran III, seigneur of Breteuil, Guy II, seigneur of Châtillon-sur-Marne, Jean I, seigneur of Torote, Châtellain de Noyon, and Raoul I de Nesle, Count of Soissons). His wife, Hawise, died in 1152. Robert I, Count of Dreux and Braine, died 11 October 1188. Duchesne Histoire Généalogique de la Maison Royale de Dreux (1631): 13-42. Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 74-75 (sub Capetians), 423-425 (sub Comtes de Dreux). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Des Murs Hist. des Comtes du Perche de la Fam. des Rotrou (1856). Herald & Genealogist 3 (1866): 173-176. Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 255 (Genealogiæ Fusniacensis: "Rotaldus comes, prefati comitis filius, duxit filiam regis Anglie, de qua filiam procreavit. "). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 3940 (charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche, dated c.1119; charter witnessed by his sister [soror], Juliane, and her son, Richer), 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe). Money Hist. of the Ancient Town & Borough of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Boulais Receuil des Antiquitéz du Perche (1890). Romanet de Beaune Géographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (1894): 33-35. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 419 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "6 [Obiit] Rotrodos comes."). Lalizel Abbaye Royal d'Arcisses (Archives du Diocèse de Chartres 10) (1900): 3-10 (charters of Rotrou, Count of Perche). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. VCH Wiltshire 9 (1970): 174-186; 12 (1983): 67-86. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Traditio 41(1985): 145-179. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.649. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France (2002). Hollister Henry I (2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Power Norman Frontier in the Twelfth & Early Thirteenth Centuries (2004): 360-361. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Geoffrey Grossus Life of Blessed Bernard of Tiron (2009): 71, footnote 1. Child of Maud (or Mathilde) of England, by Rotrou II of Perche: a. PHILIPPE OF PERCHE, married HELIE OF ANJOU, Count of Maine, younger son of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine. They had one daughter, Beatrix (wife of Jean I, Count of Alençon). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe [assensu generis mei Helie filieque mee Romanet de Beaune Geographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30-31 ("... Helias vero ...comes Cenomannonun factus est, et xx annis adepto consulatu strenue potitis est. Heres quoque soceri sin Gervasii de Castro Lidi factus est, eujus filiam habuit, ex qua filiam nomine Eremburgem genuit, quam domino suo Fulconi, Andegavorum comiti, in matromonium copulavit … Uxor ejus ei filiam, Eremburgem nomine, peperit, quae, nubilibus annis, Fulconi, Andegavorum tunc comiti, nunc Ierosolymorum regi, nupsit et generosam sobolem genuit: Joffredum et Heliam, Mathildem et Sibyllam, quae filiis regum solemniter nupserunt"). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by various mistresses: i. GILBERT FITZ ROY. He was still young and unmarried in 1142. Nothing more is known of him. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 281 286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.660. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. WILLIAM DE TRACY. He died soon after his father. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121 (author states in error that William de Tracy had a daughter and heiress, Grace, wife of John de Sudeley, of Sudeley Castle and Toddington, Gloucestershire). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.659. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). iii. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ENGLAND, married CONAN III, Duke of Brittany [see BRITTANY 3]. iv. JULIANE OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 EUSTACHE DE PACY (or DE BRETEUIL), seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, illegitimate son of Guillaume, seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, by an unknown mistress. They had two sons, Guillaume and Roger, and two daughters. In 1119 he took part in the rebellion against King Henry I, who besieged his wife, Juliane, at Breteuil. She fled to Pacy, and in the autumn of 1119 Eustache and Juliane were pardoned by the king. A few years later she became a nun at Fontevrault. EUSTACHE DE PACY died at the beginning of Lent 1136, Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Depoin Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Saint-Martin de Pontoise (1895): 470-476 (Famille d'Ivry). C.P. 8 (1932): 209-210 (sub Lovel); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X11.648. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 304 (Fitz Osbem ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Norrnandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). v. MABEL OF ENGLAND, married before c.1125 GUILLAUME GOUET (or GORT), seigneur of Montmirail and Alluyes, son and heir of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail, Alluyes, Authon, la Bazoche-Gouet, Brou, and Château-du-Loir, by his wife, Eustachie Crespon. They had one son, Guillaume [seigneur of Montmirail]. He joined his parents and his brothers, Robert and Matthew, in the foundation of the Priory of St. Giles des Chateigniers as a cell of Tiron. In 1114, as William Gouet junior, he was one of the nobles of Thibaut, Count of Chartres, whom the count called to advise him. In 1116, with his father and mother, he gave judgment in a dispute between the abbey of Marmoutier and Gaston de Brou. As "Guillaume Goët le jeune," he witnessed a charter of Guillaume de Mesmerand to the leproserie of Chateaudun c.1120. He succeeded his father before c.1125. He made an agreement c.1125 with the Prior of Saint-Denis de Nogent regarding the churches of Ceton and Saint-Ulphace. He likewise gave c.1125 to the monks of Saint-Denis the church of Unverre that Gaston de Brou gave them and that his mother Eustachie unjustly retained; for which gift he received 10 livres and his wife, Mabel, 100 sous. About 1127 he witnessed a charter of Ives de Courville, by which he quitclaimed his land in Courville to Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. In 1136 he granted various privileges to Tiron Abbey. In 1140 he confirmed the gift of Bois-Ruffin made by Ursion de Meslay. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Guérard Cartulaire de Saint Père de Chartres 2 (1840): 471-476, 483-486, 494-495. Lépinois Histoire de Chartres 1 (1854): /41. Etudes sur le Maine, Noblesse du Maine aux Crusades (1859): 49-50. Charles & Elbenne Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans (1886-1913): Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbve de la Sainte-Trinité di Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cix (arms of Guillaume Goet dated 1139: Mi-parti au 1er d'argent à deux chevrons de sable; au 2e trois chevrons brisés d'or), 24-27, 78-79, 104-106. Merlet Inventaire-sommaire des Archives départementales anterieures (11790: Eure-et-Loir, Archives Ecclésiastiques, Serie H 8 (1897): 161. Souancé & Métais Saint-Denis de Nogent-le-Rotrou 1031-1789: Histoire et Cartulaire (1899): LVII-LIX, 103-104 (charter of Guillaume Gouet junior son of Guillaume Gouet dated c.1125), 104-106 (charter dated c.1125 naming Guillaume [Gouet] junior, son of Eustachie wife of [Guillaume] Gouet, and his wife, Mabel), 164-166. Bulls. de la Societé Dunoise Archeologie, Histoire, Sciences & Arts 10 (1904): 171-188. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.663, XIII.1014. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Child of Mabel of England, by Guillaume Gouet: a. GUILLAUME GOUET, seigneur of Montmirail, married ISABELLE (or ELIZABETH) OF BLOIS, Duchess of Apulia [see DONZY 4]. vi. CONSTANCE OF ENGLAND, married ROSCELIN DE BEAUMONT, Vicomte of Beaumont-en-Maine [see BEAUMONT 3]. vii. ALINE OF ENGLAND, married MATHIEU DE MONTMORENCY, seigneur of Montmorency [see LEICESTER 3 {sic: MONTMORENCY 3}]. v. SIBYL OF ENGLAND, married ALEXANDER I, King of Scots [see SCOTLAND 1.v], younger son of Malcolm III (Ceannmor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for his parentage]. He was born about 1077. They had no issue. By an unknown mistress, he had an illegitimate son, Malcolm. He became King of Scotland in 1107 on the death of his elder brother, Edgar, King of Scots. He and his wife, Sibyl, founded the monastery of Scone in Perthshire in 1113-14. He was also a benefactor to Durham and Dunfermline. He invaded Wales in summer 1114, in cooperation with King Henry I of England. His wife, Sibyl, died suddenly at Loch Tay 12 July 1122. ALEXANDER I, King of Scots, died at Stirling 23 April 1124, and was buried before the great altar at Dunfermline, Fife near his father. Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: “VII. Kal. Mali [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "VI. Id. Jul. [10 July] Ob. Sibilla Regina Scottorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Turnbull Extracta E Variis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 68 (Extracts ex Cronicis Scocie sub A.D. 1122: "Sibilla, illustris regine Scocie, uxor regis Alexandri, filia Henrici Beuclerk regis Anglie, apud Lochtay cellam canonicorum de Scona obiit anno Domini Moc.xxij"). Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis 2 (1849): 78 (sub A.D. 1123: "Alexander rex Scottorum, VII. kal. Maii [25 April], obiit."). Liber Ecclesie de Scone (1863): 1-3 (charter of Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl; charter witnessed by his nephew [nepos], Alexander, and by William, brother of the queen [frater regine]). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 3 (sub Kings of Scotland). Lawrie Early Scottish Charters prior to A.D. 1153 (1905): 28-30 (charter to Scone Priory dated c.1120 issued by Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl, "filia Henrici Regis Angliae"), 262. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 50-57. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.655, XIII.205. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 57. Duncan Kingship of the Scots 842-1292 (2002). Barrow Kingdom of the Scots (2003): 1541-56. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Oram David I: The King Who Made Scotland (2004). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 313 (Scotland ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I, by Isabel of Meulan, daughter of Robert of Meulan (or de Beaumont), Count of Meulan, by Isabel (or Elizabeth), daughter of Hugues le Grand Count of Crepy [see VERMANDOIS 5 for her ancestry]. Isabel de Meulan married (1st) Gilbert Fitz Gilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 6 Jan. 1147/8) [see PEMBROKE 3] and (2nd) Ralph Bluet, of Silchester, Hampshire and Lacock, Wiltshire (living 1167) [see PEMBROKE 3]. She was allegedly living in 1172. i. ISABEL OF ENGLAND. She and her mother, Countess Isabel, witnessed two undated charters of her half-brother, Richard Fitz Gilbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Her subsequent history is unknown. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 10 (1855): 261-263 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to the monks of Usk; charter witnessed by Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter, Ralph Bloet, and Walter Bloet). C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 361 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Gilbert to Goldcliff Priory; charter witnessed by Isabel the earl's mother and Isabel his sister). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-102 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke) ("Actually there is no reasonable doubt that Isabel [de Meulan]s daughter bore her mother's name, lived with her after the elder Isabel's marriage, and continued to do so after her step-father's death. For the first two witnesses to the 2nd Earl of Pembroke's charter for Usk are the Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter; and in the charter for Goldcliff Priory the first two witnesses are Isabel the Earl's mother and Isabel the Earl's sister. There is no evidence that she ever married."); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.657. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Alleged but unlikely daughter of King Henry I: i. EMMA OF ENGLAND, married GUY DE LAVAL, seigneur of Laval. Hollister Henry 1(2001): 228 ("Bertrand de Brousillon, La Maison de Laval, 1: 79: 'on pretend meme que l’abbaye de Clermont aurait conserve longtemps une tombe sur laquelle on lisait EMMA ANGLORUM REGIS FILIA DOMINAQUE LAVALLENSIS.' The author dismisses this tradition on the grounds that Robert of Torigny omits 'Emma' from his list of Henry's daughters, but the list is by no means complete. Emma is absent from the list of Henry I's illegitimate daughters in CP, 11, app. D, pp. 112-121.").”	de Pacy, Eustache (I6412)
6034	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY nicknamed “Beauclerc,” King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Cotentin, 4th son, born in 1068 or 1069. He married (1st) 11 Nov. 1100 MAUD OF SCOTLAND, daughter of Malcolm III (CeannMor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for her parentage]. She was born in 1079. They had one son, William, and one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, died at Westminster 1 May 1118. He married (2nd) at Windsor, Berkshire 29 Jan. 1121 ALICE (or AELIZ, ALEIDE, ALEYDA, AELIDIS, ADELIDE, ADELIDIS, ADELAIDIS, ADELIZA, ADELIZE, ATHELICE) OF LOUVAIN, daughter of Gottfried (or Godefroy) I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Louvain, by his 1st wife, Ida, daughter of Otto II, Count of Chiny. She was born about 1103. They had no issue. By various mistresses, he had eight illegitimate sons, Robert [Earl of Gloucester], Richard, Fulk, Reynold [Earl of Cornwall], Robert, Gilbert, William de Tracy, and Henry, and nine illegitimate daughters, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Rotrou II, Count of Perche), Alice, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Conan III, Duke of Brittany), Juliane (wife of Eustache de Pacy, seigneur of Breteuil and Pacy), Mabel (wife of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail), Constance (wife of Roscelin de Beaumont), Aline (wife of Mathieu de Montmorency), Sibyl (wife of Alexander I, King of Scots), and Isabel.* HENRY I, King of England died at Lyons-la-Forêt (near Rouen), Normandy 1 Dec. 1135, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. His widow, Alice, married (2nd) after Dec. 1136 but later than summer 1139 WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, Earl of Lincoln, afterwards 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), hereditary Chief Butler of England, Privy Councillor to King Henry I [see CLIFTON 3]. They had four sons, William [2nd Earl of Arundel or Sussex], Reiner, Henry, and Godfrey, and two daughters, Alice (wife of Jean I, Count of Eu and Alvred de Saint Martin) and Olive. He was a witness to King Stephen's 2nd Charter of Liberties in 1136. He was created Earl of Lincoln c.1138. He gave shelter to Empress Maud at Arundel Castle in 1139, but afterwards adhered to King Stephen. His earldom was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex before Christmas 1141. In his own later charters he is styled Earl of Chichester. About 1145 he witnessed a charter of Henry Hussey as "Consul Willelmo de Cicesterr." His wife, Alice, presented to the prebend of West Dean in 1150. Alice, dowager Queen of England, died as a nun at Affligem Abbey in Brabant 25 (or 26) March 1151, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. He was influential in arranging the treaty of 1153, whereby the Crown continued with King Stephen for life, though the inheritance thereof was secured to Henry II. He subscribed his name to this instrument as "Comes Cicestrie." By grant dated c.1155, King Henry II confirmed to him as "William, Earl of Arundel" the Castle of Arundel, with the whole honour of Arundel and all its appurtenances. He served as Joint Ambassador to France and to the Pope in 1163/4. He served as Chief Ambassador with Princess Maud to Germany in 1168. He was appointed joint Commander of the royal army in Normandy in 1173. In Sept. 1173 he assisted in the defeat near Bury St. Edmunds of the Earl of Leicester. He founded Buckenham Abbey, Norfolk and Pynharn Priory, Sussex. WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), died at Waverley Abbey, Surrey 4 (or 12) October 1176, and was buried at Wymondham Priory, Norfolk. [Footnote *: In 1824 the Scottish historian Chalmers stated that King Henry I of England had an illegitimate daughter, Elizabeth, who married Fergus, lord of Galloway (died 1161). [see Chalmers Caledonia 3 (1824): 250, footnote k ("Fergus [lord of Galloway] ... was a prince of some note, even at the court of Henry I. of England, is certain : as he took to wife, according to the heralds, genealogists, and chroniclers, Elizabeth, the natural daughter of Henry I.")]. Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway), however, debunked Chalmers' statement, noting that the authorities quoted by Chalmers "do not bear out his assertion." Even so, other secondary sources have continued to repeat Chalmers' unfounded claim: See, for example, Mackenzie History of Galloway (1841): 167-172 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England"); Anderson Scottish Nation 2 (1862): 195 ("Fergus, lord of Galloway ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England ..."); M'Kerlie Galloway in Ancient & Modern Times (1891): 155 ("It is necessary to repeat here that Fergus married Elizabeth, the natural daughter of King Henry I. of England."); Maxwell Hist. of Dumfries & Galloway (1896): 47-48 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, natural daughter of Henry I., and sister of Sibilla, who married Alexander I., brother of David."); Ramsay Angevin Empire (1903): 90, footnote 7 ("Gunfrith [i.e., Godred] was son of Olaf, by Afreca, daughter of Fergus of Galloway, by 'Elisabeth,' reputed natural daughter of Henry I."); Oram Lordship of Galloway (2000): 60; Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Barrow Robert Bruce (1965): 36, footnote 2 notes that "Roger Howden calls Uchtred son of Fergus of Galloway a cousin of King Henry II (Gesta Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Ser., i, 80)," a relationship which Professor Barrow states "is best explained on the supposition that Fergus married a bastard daughter of Henry I." However, given that King Henry II of England had a Scottish grandmother, a more likely explanation of the kinship between the Galloway and English royal families is that the wife of Fergus was near related to the Scottish royal family, possibly being a sister of William Fitz Duncan, whose grandfather was Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots [died 1093]. This arrangement would make Uchtred son of Fergus and King Henry II of England related in the 3rd degree of kindred (or second cousins).] D'Achery Spicilegium 10 (1671): 612-613 (Continuatio Chronici Afflegemiensis: "Filia præfati Ducis Aleidis juncta matrimonio Regi Angliæ, post obitum secundi con jugis Afflegemiensis Claustri solitudinem ad reliquum vitæ ad humandum corpus elegit in domo turti Ecclesiæ contigua, cum una aut akera ancilla in Fratrum Afflegemiensiurn quieta taciturna multitudine solitaria habitavit, & beato fine quievit, de qua epitaphium: Aleidis Regina Anglim, filia Ducis Godefridi cum barba, Regnum suscepit in Anglia an MCXXI. obiit 9 Kal. Maii [23 April], sepulta è regione horologii nostri."). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 30 (Kalendar of Obits: "IIII Non. December [2 December]. Obitus Henrici Regis."). Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 32-34. Morice Mémoires pour servir de Preuves à l'Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne 1 (1742): 130 (Extract of Cronicle of Robert, Abbot of Mont Saint Michel: "Anno 1135. Obiit Henricus I. Rex Anglorum in prima die Decembris, cum regnasset annis 35. & 4 mensibus."). Brequigny & Mouchet Table Chronologique des Diplômes, Chartes, Titres ... concernant l’Histoire de France 3 (1783): 236 (charter dated c.1155 of Alice Queen of the English [Adelaidis reginæ Anglorum]). Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: Kal. Maii [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 218 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "IV. Non. Dec. [2 December] Ob Henricus Rex Anglorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Norrnands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXI)). Tierney Hist. & Antiqs. of the Castle & Town of Arundel 1 (1834): 169-179. Michel Histoire des Ducs de Normandie et des Rois D'Angleterre (1840): 69 ("Li rois Henrie, quant la roine Mehaus fu morte, prist à feme Aalis, la fille Godefroi le duc de Louvaing, la cousine Wistasse [Eustace] de Bouloigne; mais n'en ot nul enfant. Si ot-il de bas .vj. Ills et .vij. fines"). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 135-211 (biog. of Matilda of Scotland), 212-256 (biog. of Adelicia of Louvaine). Barrett Memorials of the parochial Church ... in the Parish of Attleborough (1848): 12-41. Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis 2 (1849): 74 (Maud [of Blois], Countess of Chester, styled "niece" to King Henry I of England [neptis regis1). Ordericus Vitalis Ecclesiastical Hist. of England & Normandy 3 (1854): 482 (Roger Fitz Roger and Walter d'Aufay [Aufai] styled "cousins" to King Henry I at Battle of Bremule in 1119 by Ordericus Vitalis). Arch. Journal 20 (1863): 283 ("Adeliza appears to have used the identical matrux of the seal which had belonged to the first queen of Henry I., the name-Aalidis-having been substituted for Matli[Idis), 287-288 (charter of Queen Alice [Aelidis regina] ... There is appended ... a pointed oval seal of white wax .... device, a female figure standing ... The legend is + SIGILLVM • AALIDIS • SECVND[AE • DE]I • GRACIA • REGINAE • ANGLIE.), 288-289 (charter of Queen Alice [A. Dei gracia Regina]); 22 (1865): 152-153 (charter of William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Lincoln; charter names Queen Alice his wife [regina Adelidis]). Sussex Arch. Colls. 15 (1863): 112-113. Luard Annales Monastici 1 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1864): 14 (Margam Annals sub 1151: "Obiit Adelidis, regina secunda Henrici regis."); 3 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1866): 433 (Bermondsey Annals sub A.D. 1121: "Hoc anno rex Henricus primus duxit Adelizam, filiam ducis Lovaniae, in uxorem, tertio nonas Februarii [3 February]."). Burke Gen. Hist, of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited & Extinct Peerages (1866): 2-3 (sub Albini, Earls of Arundel). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. (1867): 21-33 ("In the Register of the Priory of Bromhale, we find the record of his death under the date of the 4th day of October, 22nd of Henry II (A.D. 1176), in the following words, `obiit Willielmus Comes Arundel' (no mention of Sussex or Chichester), et `sepultus est in prioratus de Wymondham.’"). Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptorum 20 (1868): 67 (Orderic Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, Liber X: Roger Fitz Richard [de Clare) styled "kinsman" [cognatus) of King Henry I of England). Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104-108 (discusses evidence that King Henry I had an illegitimate daughter, Maud (or Mathilde)/Almodis, who was Abbess of Montivilliers). Ellis Antiqs. of Heraldry (1869): 206-207 (Aubigny ped.). Lower Compendious Hist. of Sussex 1 (1870): 70 (Robert de Haia, founder of Boxgrove Priory, styled "king's kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry I). Delisle Delisle Chronique de Robert de Tongni 1 (1872): 215 (sub A.D. 1139: "Invitarerat enim eos Willermus de Albinneio, qui duxerat Aeliz quondam reginam, quæ habebat castellum et comitatum Hardundel, quod rex Henricus dederat ei in dote."); 2 (1873): 63-64 ("Cessit etiam in fata Willermus de Albineio, quem vocabant comitem d'Arundel, relinquens filios quatuor, scilicet Guillermum de Albineio pritnogenitum, et alios tres natos ex Aeliza regina, uxore primi Henrici regis Anglorum."). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1874): 298 (sub 1176: "comes etiam Willelmus de Arundel obiit quarto idus Octobris [12 October] apud Waverle, et sepultus eat apud Wimundham, cellam scilicet ecclesiæ Sancti Albani, cujus cellæ patronus fuisse dinoscitur."). Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Obiit autem Matildis regina Anglia anno regni sui xviiio, kalendis Maii [1 May], et apud Radingas sepulta est."). Merlet Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cviii (arms of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy dated 1115: D'argent au cavalier d'azur). D.N.B. 1 (1885): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1(1886): 66 (sub Arundel). Raine Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1886): 169 (History of the Four Archbishops by Hugh the Chantor - King Henry I and Pope Calixtus II were kinsmen: "Nam præter spiritualem patris et filii relationem, carnali consanguinitate propinqui erant, quorum avus et avia frater et soror fuerunt." (Note: Pope Calixtus II was a younger son of William I, Count of Burgundy, whose mother Alice was daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 5-8 (seal of King Henry I - Obverse. King, seated in majesty, in an undercoat with sleeves tight at wrists, and loose skirts reaching below knees; and long flowing cloak fastened at throat and spreading out behind, which has a border, with indications of a fur of symmetrical pattern. On the head a cap-shaped crown, with three fleurs-de-lis, one at top and one at either side, and two chin-straps hanging loosely at sides, the ends having buckles in shape of trefoils. In right hand, extended outwards from elbow, a sword is held almost perpendicularly. In left hand, similarly extended, an orb, ensigned with a long cross pattee pommettee. Throne, apparently square, and closely resembling that of William II.; the centre curves with a bold cusp inwards, with a string-course, and is the narrowest part. In lower of two compartments thus made, is a footboard, not enough remaining to show original size. On throne a flat cushion with square edge, carrying at each end a hemispherical ornament, intended for pillow. Reverse. King, hauberk of chain-mail; conical helmet, having a blunt point at crown of head, and perhaps armed with projecting nose-piece; single pointed spur of goad form; long lance to which is attached a banner, charged with cross moline, and three pairs of waving streamers. No indication of sword. In left hand, held by interior strap, a kite-shaped shield, seen from within. The horse is walking to the right hand, caparisoned with breast-band, which is ornamented by five globular pendants equi-distant. Saddle of small dimensions; with stirrups. The loosely gathered reins are held up in left hand, which also sustains shield. Legend: + HENRIC' D... ... ...). Round "An Unknown Mistress of Henry I." in Eng. Hist. Rev. 5 (1890): 745-746. Luard Flores Historiarum 2 ((Rolls Ser.) 1890): 69 ("Anno gratix MCLIo [1151]. Obiit Adelicia regina, uxor regis Stephani;" the editor notes that the name "Stephani" is erased in Ch. and altered to "Henrici I."). Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (Docs. sur la Province du Perche 3rd Ser. 2) (1894): 40-43. Recueil des Historiens des Castles et de la France 23 (1894): 471 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: "25 Mart. Obiit Adelicia regina."), 476 (Ex Necrologio Monasterii Crucis Sancti Leufredi: "25 Mart. [Obiit] Adeliza, regina Anglorum."), 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Mali. [Obiit] Matildis, regina Anglorum."), 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "12 Oct. [Obiit] Guillelmus, comes de Arundel."), 581 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Dec. [Obiit] Henricus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum."). Napier & Stevenson Crawford Coll. of early Charters & Docs. now in the Bodleian library (1895): 31 (William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Chichester dated c.1150; charter names his wife, Queen Alice [regina Adelide]). Bradshaw Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral Pt. 2 (1897): (obits. in the odd volume of the great Latin Bible), ccxxxviii (2 May - "Matildis regina uxor Henrici regis."), ccxlii (2 Dec. - "Henricus, pacificus rex Anglorum."). Trans. East Herts Arch. Soc. 1(1) (1901): 129-135 (charter of Queen Alice widow of King Henry I dated 1136 [Adelidis regina uxor nobillisimi regis Henrici & filia Godefridi ducis lotharingie]. C.C.R. 1227-1231 (1902): 530 (confirmation of gift of Alice, formerly Queen of England). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 316 (Abbaye de Saint-Denis: "kal. Maius [1 May] Ob. Matildis, Anglorum regina [1118]."), 523 (Prieure de Longpont: "kaL maii. [1 May] [obit.] Maltidis, Anglorum regina [1118]."). Warner & Ellis Facsimiles of Royal & Other Charters in the British Museum 1 (1903): #14 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Lincoln dated c.1139-40; charter names his wife, Queen Adeleidis), #27 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Chichester dated 1151-2; charter names his wife, Queen Athelice). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 1-2 (sub Kings of Scotland). Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 25-34. Eng. Hist. Rev. 21(1906): 505-509. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 2 (1906): 241 (Obituaire of Prieure de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan: "Henricus, rex Anglorum, frater noster, III nonas decembris [3 Dec.] [1135]."), 661 (Nécrologe of Abbaye de Saint-Jean-en-Vallée: 12 Dec.] IIII non. Obiit Henricus, Anglorum rex [1135], ecclesiarum amator praecipuus."). Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway) ("[Fergus, lord of Galloway] is said to have married Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of King Henry I. of England, but the authorities quoted by Chalmers, who makes the statement, do not bear out his assertion."). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Urseau Cartulaire Moir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (1908): 167-168 (charter of King Henry I dated c.1111=20). Gomme Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1909): 217 (sub A.D. 1100: Maud of Scotland, 1st wife of King Henry I, styled "kinswoman to king Edward [the Confessor] and of the true royal race of England."), 239-240 (sub A.D. 1127: Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone], Abbot of Saint-Jean of Angély (in Poitou), afterwards Abbot of Peterborough styled "kinsman" [mæi] of [Henry I] King of England and [Guillaume] Count of Poitou) [see also Earle and Plummer Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel 1 (1892): 257; English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-5601. CP. 1 (1910): 233-235, 237 (chart) (sub Arundel); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Round King's Serjeants & Officers of State (1911): 140-165. English Hist. Rev. 34 (1919): 303-382. Farrer Outline Itinerary of King Henry 1 (1920). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) XI 112. Rübel-Blass (1939) 257 (biographical information). G.H. White "Henry I's Illegitimate Children," in C.P. 11 (1949), Appendix D, 105-121. Leys Sandford Cartulary 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 22) (1941): 216. Johnson et al. Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066-1154 2 (1956): 148 (John [son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent], a royal chaplain, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of King Henry I of England in charter dated 1117-19). C.R.R. 12 (1957): 157-158 (Sibyl de Falaise, wife of Baldwin de Bolers, styled "kinswoman" [nepte] of King Henry I of England). Stenton First Century of English Feudalism, 1066-1166 (1961). Davis King Stephen (1967): 137 ("[King] Stephen recognized three successive earls of Lincoln ... The first was William d'Aubigny pincerna who married Queen Adeliza, widow of King Henry I, and in her right became lord of the honour and castle of Arundel. He styles himself William Earl of Lincoln in three charters in which his identity is proved by references to his wife. They are in favour of Lewes Priory and the abbeys of Reading and Affligem-and in the case of Affligem there is also a charter of Adeliza referring to her husband as earl of Lincoln (Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville 3245; Warner and Ellis, Facsimiles, no. 14; E. de Marneffe, Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Affligem in Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclesiastique de la Belgique, 2o section, pp. 104,106). In royal charters it is usually impossible to distinguish him from his successor, William de Roumare, since the normal style of both was Willelmus comes de Lincolnia, or (before he was an earl) from his father, William d'Aubignypincerna, who died before June 1139 (Reg. iii. 973). If Robert de Torigny is right (Chronicles iv. 137) William had married Adeliza by September 1139, and it is tempting to assume that it was on his marriage that he was made earl of Lincoln, his connection with that county being that his mother, Maud Bigod, was a grand-daughter, and possible co-heiress, of Robert de Tosny of Belvoir. We do not know precisely when he was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex, but it was certainly by Christmas 1141 when he attested a charter as Comite Willelmo de Sudsexa (Reg. iii. 276)."). Chibnall Ecclesiastical Hist. of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80): 317 (Vol. VI, Book XII - Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone] styled "kinsman" [cognato] of King Henry I of England) [see English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-560]. Albion 10 (1978): 330-340. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 95 (sub Hainault, Brabant); 2 (1984): 81 (sub England); 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Chibnall Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166 (1986). Green Government of England under Henry 1(1986). Hollister Monarchy, Magnates, & Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World (1986). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 1 (Camden Soc. 4th Ser. 31) (1986): 301, 369, 476. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.1.423, XII.371, X11.644-X11.645, XIII.207. Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 136 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "7 Kal. [Apr.] [26 March]. Obiit Atheliza regina."), 130 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit Rex Anglorum Henricus primus."), 146 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit rex Anglorum Henricus i."). Haskins Soc. Jour. 7 (1995): 101-116. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35, 57. Scottish Hirt. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I Pt 2 (List and Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 143 (confirmation c. 1172/81 of grant made by Queen Adela) (original published in Jour. of British Architetural Assoc. 17: 312). Scottish Hist. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Harper-Bill Anglo-Norman Studies XXI (1999): 145-168. Bartlett England under the Norman & Angevin Kings 1075-1225 (2000). Hollister Henry 1(2001). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.), 313 (Scotland ped.). Weller Die Heiratspolitik des deutschen Hochadels im 12. Jahrhundert (2004): 464-4.76 (biog. of Königin Adelheid von England) ("On page 476, Weller states: "Seine Gattin Adelheid von Lowen, die ehemalige Konigin von England, war schon 1151 wahrend des Bürgerkrieges verschieden und wurde in Reading beigesetzt ... Der Begräbnisort Kgn. Adelheids geht aus einem Schreiben Jocelins v. Löwen an Bf. Hilarius v. Chichester eindeutig hervor, vgl. Reading Abbey Cartularies 1, No. 551, 416E; s.a. Bartlett, England 596. Nicht stichhaltig ist demgegeniiber die van Sanderus, Chorographia 1, 45, verbreitete Nachricht, wonach Adelheid vor ihrem Tod in ihre Heimat übergesiedelt und im Kloster Afflighem gestoren and begraben sei; heirnach auch John Horace Round in dem Art.: Adeliza of Louvain, in DNB 1(1885): 137f.; Complete Peerage 1, 235. Allerdings ist Kgn. Adelheid als Wohltäterin von Afflighem aufgetreten unde hat dem Kloster einigen Besitz in England gestiftet; vgl. Cart. Afflighem, No. 79, 121-124 (hier 122)."). Verbeke Medieval Narrative Sources (2005): 21-36. Fleming Henry I & the Anglo-Norman World: Studies in Memory of C. Warren Hollister (2006). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006). Children of King Henry I of England, by Maud of Scotland: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, son and heir apparent, born in 1103. As his father's destined successor, he received the homage of the Normans barons in 1115, and that of the English witan in 1116. He married at Lisieux in May 1119 MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ANJOU, daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou. He was with his father at the Battle of Bremule in 1119. Early in 1120 King Louis of France invested him with the duchy of Normandy. He was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 160 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1120: "Willelmus filius Henrici Regis, & Ricardus frater ejus & Ricardus Comes de Cestria cum multis Nobilibus naufragio perierunt.”). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. D.N.B. 21(1909): 337 (biog. of William, son of Henry I, King of England). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 81 (sub England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.644. Caenegem English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I 1 (Selden Soc. 106) (1990): 180-181, 192-193, 213-214. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.). ii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, married (1st) HEINRICH V, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor; (2nd) GEOFFREY V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy [see next]. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by an unknown mistress, (possibly a member of the Bohun family): i. ROBERT FITZ ROY, Earl of Gloucester, married MABEL FITZ ROBERT [see GLOUCESTER 3]. Illegitimate sons of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Ansfride, widow of Anskill, a knight who was a tenant of Abingdon Abbey: i. RICHARD FITZ ROY, born before 1101. He served against the French in 1119, and was captured at Les Andelys. He was set free with his comrades by King Louis, because they had taken sanctuary in the church of Notre Dame du Grand Andely. Later the same year he was with his father at the Siege of Evreux and the Battle of Brémule. In Sept. 1119 he was sent to raise the Siege at Bréteuil. He was betrothed to Amice de Gael, daughter of Raoul, seigneur of Gael in Brittany and Bréteuil in Normandy. He was drowned immediately afterwards in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Amice subsequently married Robert of Meulan, 1st Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 6]. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Alium quoque habuit filium Ricardum, et cessavit parere... Navis enim infausta qun regis gestabat filios Willelrnum et Ricardum, submersa est, periitque in scopulis Barbefluvii."). C.P. 7 (1929): 527-530 (sub Leicester); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.646. Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni 2 (1992): 248-249 (Robert de Torigny: "Ricardus autem, huius comitis uno de patre frater, cum fratre suo Willelmo in sepedicto naufiagio periit."). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. FULK FITZ ROY. Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(II.647. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Sibyl Corbet: i. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall, Sheriff of Devon, 1173-5. He married in 1140 MABEL FITZ WILLIAM, daughter of William Fitz Richard, of Cornwall. They had one son, Nicholas, and four daughters, Denise (wife of Richard de Redvers, Earl of Devon), Maud, Sarah (wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges), and Emme (wife of Guy V de Laval, seigneur of Laval). By a mistress, Beatrice de Valle (or Vaux) (afterwards wife of William Briwerre, Knt.), he had an illegitimate son, Henry Fitz Count. By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, William. He was granted the lands of William, Earl of Mortain, amounting to 215-1/2 fees in Devon and Cornwall. He was created Earl of Cornwall about April 1141. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, were recognized by contemporaries as "the most powerful men in the kingdom." His wife, Mabel, fell into insanity in the 1140s. He witnessed a charter of Henry d'Oilly in the period, 1114-47. In 1153 he witnessed the agreement between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy [afterwards King Henry II]. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, acted as intermediary between the king and Thomas Becket at Northampton in 1164. He played a major part in opposing the rebels of 1173-4 in England. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall died 1 July 1175, allegedly at Chertsey, Surrey, and was buried at Reading, Berkshire. Dugdale Baronage (1675): 702 (sub Briwere) ("[William Briwere] having married Beatrix de Valle, a Concubine, as 'tis said, to Reginald Earl of Cornwall (which is probable, for in a Grant made by Henry Son to the same Reginald [Earl of Cornwall], unto this William [Briwere], of the Mannor of Karswell, and Land of Hakford, he calls him his Brother")) [Note: Dugdale evidently intended to say that Henry Fitz Count's brother was William Briwere the younger, as it was William Briwere the elder was the husband of his mother, Beatrice de Valle]. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 6, 98 (undated charter of Reynold son of King Henry to William de Botreaux son of Alice Corbet his aunt [matertera]; charter witnessed by his son, Nicholas; his nephews/kinsmen [nepotibus], Ralph and Richard, and his brother, William), 112. Topographer 2 (1790): 288-291. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 2 (1836 11): 239-240 (Bruere or Briwere ped.). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 163 ("Deditque ibidem Hereberto filio Hereberti, et Willelmo fratri comitis Reginaldi, et Joelllano de la Pumerai, nepoti eorum, regnum be Limeric pro servitio sexaginta militum"), 172 ("Nam Herbertus, et Willelmus, fratres Reginaldi comitis Cornubiae, et Joellanus de Purnetia nepos eorum, regnum illud havere noluerunt; sed illud reddiderunt domino regi et Johanni filio suo liberum et quietum ab omni calurnnia eorum"). Le Fizelier Mémoire chronologique de Maucourt de Bourjolly sur la Ville de Laval 1 (1886): 136-142. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-253 (William brother of Earl Reynold [Willelmus frater Comitis Reginaldi] held 1/2 knight's fee of Robert Fitz Roy in 1166), 261-262 (William brother of the Earl [Willelmus frater Comitis] held four knight's fees Reynold, Earl of Cornwall in 1166). Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 455-456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 34. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 75. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Colls. Hist. Staffs. 1924 (1926): 9, 219. English Hist. Rev. 62 (1947): 352-377 (charter of William de Marsh brother of Reynold Earl of Cornwall [Willelmus de Marisco frater Reginaldi comitis Cornubie]). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II], later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Minor & Butler eds. Letters of John of Salisbury 1 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1955): 162-163. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987): 9-10 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1154-65), 10-11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1146-55), 11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 195-196 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1165-75, witnessed by his son, Nicholas), 196-197 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 197-198 (two confirmation charters of King Henry II of England naming his "uncle" [avunculus] Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, one dated c.1174-5, the other dated c.1174-6). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(11.651, X111.996-1000. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Hollister Henry 1(2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart).Cornwall Rec. Office: Borough of Truro, BTRU/1 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1161-66) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, by Mabel Fitz William: a. MAUD OF CORNWALL, married ROBERT II, Count of Meulan [see VERMANDOIS 7]. Illegitimate child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, allegedly by Beatrice de Valle: a. HENRY FITZ COUNT, of Liskeard, Cornwall and King's Kerswell, Devon, Constable of Totnes Castle, 1209, Governor of Portchester Castle, 1211, Sheriff of Cornwall, 1215, 1217-20, Constable of Launceston Castle and Warden of the Stanneries, 1215. In 1194 he was granted the manors of Liskeard, Cornwall and Diptford and King's Kerswell, Devon by the king. In 1196 he witnessed the Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by his alleged step-father, Sir William Briwerre. In 1215 he had a grant of the county of Cornwall from King John, to farm until the realm should be at peace. The grant was renewed by King Henry III 7 Feb. 1216/7. He resigned the county to the king in 1220, when he took the cross. HENRY FITZ COUNT died a crusader in 1222. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Hunter Catalogue of the MSS in the library of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn (1838): 13. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(2) (1846): 924 (Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by William Briwer). Oliver Monasticon Dioecesis Exoniensis (1846): 174 (charter of Henry son of Reynold Earl of Cornwall; charter granted for the souls of his brothers and his mother), 179, 183. Trans. Exeter Diocesan Architectural & Arch. Soc. 2nd Ser. 1 (1867): 133-134. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 31(1870): 5. Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 21. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 9 (1902): 295-296 ("But Reginald de Dunstanville [i.e., Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall] had also by Beatrix de Valle (who afterwards became the wife of William Brewer, the judge of Henry II. and one of the regents of Richard I.) an illegitimate son named Henry FitzCount (sometimes FitzHenry), who became in after years also Earl of Cornwall."). Genealogist n.s. 20 (1904): 10-11. C.P. 3 (1913): 430 (sub Cornwall). Painter Reign of King John (1949): 231, 290, 348, 358-359. Hobbs Cartulary of Forde Abbey (Somerset Rec. Soc. 85) (1998): 116 (charter of Henry Fitz Count dated 1200-22; charter witnessed by William Brewer). North Devon Rec. Office: Chichester of Arlington, 50/11/29/3 (confirmation of a gift of land dated early 13th Cent. from Henry son of Earl Reginald to William de Tracy of all his land of Wollecombe [in Mortehoe] and Boklande, Devon, which William and his ancestors held of Henry and his ancestors, lords of Bradneys, as the charter of Hugh Ruffus testifies. To have and to hold to the aforesaid William, his heirs and assigns, of Henry and his heirs for ever, rendering all due and customary services. Seal of Henry son of Earl Reginald - Round, natural wax, armorial, surrounded by legend giving name of owner, chipped. The arms on shield resemble those of Courtenay family, but the Courtenays did not become Earls till 14th Cent.) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Henry III Fine Rolls Project (Baldekin styled "kinsman" of H[enry] Fitz Count in a fine roll item dated 1220; by whom he was earlier granted lands in Cornwall formerly held by Robert de Tintagel) (available at www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_015.html). Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith, daughter of Forne son of Sigulf, lord of Greystoke, Cumberland. Edith subsequently married ROBERT D'OILLY, of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, Constable of Oxford Castle. They had two sons, Henry and Gilbert. He and his wife, Edith, founded Oseney Priory near Oxford in 1129. Robert d'Oilly died in Sept. 1142. Sometime in the period, c.1145-56, his widow, Edith, granted a toft in Huggate and 68-1/2 acres in the fields there to the poor of the Hospital of St. Peter, York. Leys Sandford Cartulary 1 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 19) (1938): 50 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith), 92 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated before June 1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith, and his son, Henry). Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 505-508, 510 (charter of Edith wife of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1145-56), 510-511 (charter of Henry d'Oilly dated c.1145-56; charter witnessed by his wife, Maud), 518-519. Hedley Northumberland Fares. (1968): 233. i. ROBERT FITZ ROY. He held land in Devonshire in 1130. He witnessed a charter of his step-father, Robert d'Oilly, in the period, ?1130-35. He supported his half-sister, Empress Maud, in the Civil War. In the period, 1144-7, he witnessed a charter of his half-brother, Henry d'Oilly. In 1146-7 he witnessed a charter of Empress Maud and her son, Henry. About 1150 he granted 10 pounds of land in his manor of Wantage, Berkshire to the church of Oseney, with the counsel of Henry d'Oilly his half-brother. Sometime in the period, 1153-67, he witnessed a charter of Wigan of Wallingford. He married before 1162 MAUD D'AVRANCHES, widow of William de Courcy (or ?Geoffrey de Crimes?), and daughter of Robert d'Avranches, by ___, daughter of Gelduin de Dol. They had one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, was heiress of Richard Fitz Baldwin. In 1162 he granted St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter two ferlings of land in his manor of Calvalegie juxta Cobbalegiam, together with a man named Edwium son of Wranhi; charter was granted with with the consent of his wife, Maud d'Avranches. ROBERT FITZ ROY died 31 May 1172. His widow, Maud, died 21 Sept. 1173. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farms of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Coll. Top. et Gen. 1 (1834): 188 ("C. Rob[er]ti filii Henrici Regis per concessionem Mathildis, filiz Roberti de Avrenchis et heredis Ricardi filii Baldewini, dans totam vincam quam Rob'tus fil. Baldewini et Ricardus fester ejus Eccl. S.N. dederunt."), 382 (charter dated 1162 of Robert son of King Henry, granted with consent of Maud d'Avranches his wife [Robertus filius Regis Henrici, assensu Matillidis de Abrinco uxoris meae to St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter). Dugdale Monasticon Anglican = 5 (1846): 377-382 (Ford Abbey, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia: "Obijt denique vir ejus secundus, dominus Robertus filius regis Henrici anno Domini M.clxxii. pridie calendas Junii [31 May], et post ipsum vicecomitissa Matildis, itaque de Aubrincis ut prius nuncupata, undecimo calendas Octobris [21 Sept.] anno Domini M.clxxiii. et regni regis Henrici secundi 19."); 6(1) (1830): 253 (charter of Robert son of King Henry [Robertus Henrici regis filius]; charter names his [half-]brother [fratris], Henry d'Oilly). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Priory of Hexham 1 (Surtees Soc. 64) (1864): 138 (Chronicle of John, Prior of Hexham: "Emissi sunt autem ducenti milites cum Rodberto, filio Edae et Henrici Regis notho, et Johanne Marascaldo ...."). Freeman Reign of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 723. Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): 374 (charter of Robert son of King Henry dated c.1150). Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 3 (1881): 1-3. Maitland Bracton's Note Book 2 (1887): 137-138 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that he was the son of Hawise, the first born daughter of Maud d'Avranches; Hawise's sister, Maud de Courtenay, who was the plaintiff in the lawsuit, in turn testified that the said Hawise was the daughter of Geoffrey de Crimes (or Crunes, Cruues), the 1st husband of Maud d'Avranches), 404-405; 3 (1887): 450-452 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that his mother, Hawise, was the daughter of William de Curcy, husband of Maud d'Avranches). Notes & Gleanings 2 (1889): 50-56. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-254 (list of knights fees held by Robert Fitz Roy in 1166). Note-book of Tristram Risdon (1897): 53-56. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 73, 75, 101-102. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Seversmith Colonial Fams. of Long Island New York & Connecticut 5 (1958): 2426-2428. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.650, XIII.995. Reedy Basset Charters c.1120 to 1250 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 50) (1995): 25-26 (charter dated 1146-7 of Empress Maud daughter of King Henry I and her son, Henry; charter witnessed by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and Robert Fitz Roy). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Fizzard Plympton Priory (2008): 62, footnote 26. Child of Robert Fitz Roy, by Maud d'Avranches: a. MAUD FITZ ROBERT, married REYNOLD DE COURTENAY, of Sutton, Berkshire [see COURTENAY 1]. ii. ALICE FITZ ROY. In the period, ?1130-35, she witnessed a charter of her step-father, Robert d'Oilly, and her mother, Edith. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 72-73 (Alice daughter of the king [Adeliza Lila Reg.] witness to charter of Robert d'Oilly, his wife, and son dated ?1130-35). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Nest, wife of Gerald of Windsor, Constable of Pembroke, and daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwt, Prince of South Wales: i. HENRY FITZ ROY, of Pembrokeshire. He was killed during King Henry II's invasion at Anglesea in 1157 or 1158. He married ___. They had two sons, Meiler Fitz Henry [Justiciar of Ireland] and Robert, and presumably one daughter, Amabilis Fitz Henry (wife of Walter de Ridelisford). Williams ab Ithel Annales Cambriaes (Rolls Ser.) (1860): 47 (sub A.D. 1158: "Henricus filius Geraldi occisus est, velut alii volunt, filius Henrici regis ..."). Dimock Geraldus Cambrensis: Itinerarium Kambrice, et Descriptio Kambriæ (Geraldus Cambrensis Opera 6) (Rolls Ser.) (1868): 130 (Date: A.D. 1157: "Fuerant autem duo nobiles viti, et ejus qui scripsit haec avunculi, cum aliis hue a rege transmissi: Henricus scilicet regis Henrici primi filius, et secundi avunculus, ex nobili Nesta, Resi filii Theodori filia, in australi Kambria Demetiae finibus oriundus; et Robertus Stephani filius, Henrici frater non germanus sed uterinus."), 130, footnote 2 ("The death of Henry, her [Nest's] son by [King] H[enryl I., in this attack on Anglesea, is placed by Brut under 1156, in Ann. Camb. under 1158. By the former he is called Henry son of King Henry; by the latter, Henry son of Girald, or, according to others, son of king Henry. He was the father of the famous Meiler, the great hero of the Irish invasion."). Gilbert Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin 1 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 30-31 (charter of Walter de Ridelisford to St. Mary's Abbey; charter granted with consent of his wife, Amabilis Fitz Henry and witnessed by Meiler Fitz Henry). Orpen Ireland under the Normans 1 (1911): 18 (ped. chart). Jour. Royal Soc. of Antiqs. Ireland 82 (1952): 46-61. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.656. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 298-299 (biog. of Meiler Fitzhenry). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith: i. MAUD (or MATHILDE, MAHAUT) OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 (as his 1st wife) ROTROU II “the Great,” Count of Perche, seigneur of Belleme, son and heir of Geoffroi, Count of Mortagne and Perche, by Beatrix, daughter of Count Hilduin, Count of Montdidier and Roucy. He was born about 1080. Her maritagium likely included the manors of Aldboume and Wanborough, Wiltshire. They had two daughters, Philippe and Felicie. During the 1st Crusade, he fought at the Siege of Nicaea in mid-1097. He commanded a division that broke out of Antioch in June 1098. He crusaded against the Muslims in Spain probably in 1108. In 1114 he aided his father-in-law, King Henry I, at the Siege of Belleme. At the request of his wife, Maud, a hide of land at Wanborough, Wiltshire was given to Lewes Priory. His wife, Maud, was drowned in the shipwreck of the White Ship 25 Dec. 1120. He was Governor of Tudela in Aragon and participated in campaigns in Aragon from 1123 until the mid-1130s. He returned to Perche by 1135. He married (2nd) before 1126 HAWISE OF SALISBURY, daughter of Walter of Salisbury (also known as Walter Fitz Edward), of Chitterne, Wiltshire, Great Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, North Aston, Oxfordshire, etc., hereditary Sheriff of Wiltshire, Constable of Salisbury Castle, by Sibyl, daughter of Patrick de Chaources (or Sourches) [see LONGESPEE 2 for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Geoffroi, Rotrou (III) [Count of Perche], and Etienne [Archbishop-elect of Palermo]. After King Henry I's death in 1135, he and his nephew, Richer de l'Aigle, extorted the castles of Moulins and Bonmoulins as the price for their support for King Stephen. In 1139 he was taken in the English king's pay and defeated the unruly knights of Breteuil. ROTROU II, Count of Perche, died 6 May 1144 at the Siege of the Towe of Rouen, he then being in the service of Empress Maud and her husband, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. His widow, Hawise, married (2nd) (as his 1st wife) ROBERT I, Count of Dreux and Braille [see DREUX 6], and, in right of his 1st wife, Count of Perche, seigneur of Bellème, younger son of Louis VI, King of France, by Alix, daughter of Humbert II, Count of Savoy and Maurienne [see FRANCE 5 for his ancestry]. They had one daughter, Alix (wife successively of Waleran III, seigneur of Breteuil, Guy II, seigneur of Châtillon-sur-Marne, Jean I, seigneur of Torote, Châtellain de Noyon, and Raoul I de Nesle, Count of Soissons). His wife, Hawise, died in 1152. Robert I, Count of Dreux and Braine, died 11 October 1188. Duchesne Histoire Généalogique de la Maison Royale de Dreux (1631): 13-42. Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 74-75 (sub Capetians), 423-425 (sub Comtes de Dreux). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Des Murs Hist. des Comtes du Perche de la Fam. des Rotrou (1856). Herald & Genealogist 3 (1866): 173-176. Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 255 (Genealogiæ Fusniacensis: "Rotaldus comes, prefati comitis filius, duxit filiam regis Anglie, de qua filiam procreavit. "). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 3940 (charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche, dated c.1119; charter witnessed by his sister [soror], Juliane, and her son, Richer), 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe). Money Hist. of the Ancient Town & Borough of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Boulais Receuil des Antiquitéz du Perche (1890). Romanet de Beaune Géographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (1894): 33-35. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 419 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "6 [Obiit] Rotrodos comes."). Lalizel Abbaye Royal d'Arcisses (Archives du Diocèse de Chartres 10) (1900): 3-10 (charters of Rotrou, Count of Perche). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. VCH Wiltshire 9 (1970): 174-186; 12 (1983): 67-86. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Traditio 41(1985): 145-179. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.649. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France (2002). Hollister Henry I (2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Power Norman Frontier in the Twelfth & Early Thirteenth Centuries (2004): 360-361. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Geoffrey Grossus Life of Blessed Bernard of Tiron (2009): 71, footnote 1. Child of Maud (or Mathilde) of England, by Rotrou II of Perche: a. PHILIPPE OF PERCHE, married HELIE OF ANJOU, Count of Maine, younger son of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine. They had one daughter, Beatrix (wife of Jean I, Count of Alençon). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe [assensu generis mei Helie filieque mee Romanet de Beaune Geographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30-31 ("... Helias vero ...comes Cenomannonun factus est, et xx annis adepto consulatu strenue potitis est. Heres quoque soceri sin Gervasii de Castro Lidi factus est, eujus filiam habuit, ex qua filiam nomine Eremburgem genuit, quam domino suo Fulconi, Andegavorum comiti, in matromonium copulavit … Uxor ejus ei filiam, Eremburgem nomine, peperit, quae, nubilibus annis, Fulconi, Andegavorum tunc comiti, nunc Ierosolymorum regi, nupsit et generosam sobolem genuit: Joffredum et Heliam, Mathildem et Sibyllam, quae filiis regum solemniter nupserunt"). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by various mistresses: i. GILBERT FITZ ROY. He was still young and unmarried in 1142. Nothing more is known of him. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 281 286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.660. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. WILLIAM DE TRACY. He died soon after his father. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121 (author states in error that William de Tracy had a daughter and heiress, Grace, wife of John de Sudeley, of Sudeley Castle and Toddington, Gloucestershire). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.659. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). iii. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ENGLAND, married CONAN III, Duke of Brittany [see BRITTANY 3]. iv. JULIANE OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 EUSTACHE DE PACY (or DE BRETEUIL), seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, illegitimate son of Guillaume, seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, by an unknown mistress. They had two sons, Guillaume and Roger, and two daughters. In 1119 he took part in the rebellion against King Henry I, who besieged his wife, Juliane, at Breteuil. She fled to Pacy, and in the autumn of 1119 Eustache and Juliane were pardoned by the king. A few years later she became a nun at Fontevrault. EUSTACHE DE PACY died at the beginning of Lent 1136, Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Depoin Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Saint-Martin de Pontoise (1895): 470-476 (Famille d'Ivry). C.P. 8 (1932): 209-210 (sub Lovel); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X11.648. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 304 (Fitz Osbem ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Norrnandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). v. MABEL OF ENGLAND, married before c.1125 GUILLAUME GOUET (or GORT), seigneur of Montmirail and Alluyes, son and heir of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail, Alluyes, Authon, la Bazoche-Gouet, Brou, and Château-du-Loir, by his wife, Eustachie Crespon. They had one son, Guillaume [seigneur of Montmirail]. He joined his parents and his brothers, Robert and Matthew, in the foundation of the Priory of St. Giles des Chateigniers as a cell of Tiron. In 1114, as William Gouet junior, he was one of the nobles of Thibaut, Count of Chartres, whom the count called to advise him. In 1116, with his father and mother, he gave judgment in a dispute between the abbey of Marmoutier and Gaston de Brou. As "Guillaume Goët le jeune," he witnessed a charter of Guillaume de Mesmerand to the leproserie of Chateaudun c.1120. He succeeded his father before c.1125. He made an agreement c.1125 with the Prior of Saint-Denis de Nogent regarding the churches of Ceton and Saint-Ulphace. He likewise gave c.1125 to the monks of Saint-Denis the church of Unverre that Gaston de Brou gave them and that his mother Eustachie unjustly retained; for which gift he received 10 livres and his wife, Mabel, 100 sous. About 1127 he witnessed a charter of Ives de Courville, by which he quitclaimed his land in Courville to Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. In 1136 he granted various privileges to Tiron Abbey. In 1140 he confirmed the gift of Bois-Ruffin made by Ursion de Meslay. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Guérard Cartulaire de Saint Père de Chartres 2 (1840): 471-476, 483-486, 494-495. Lépinois Histoire de Chartres 1 (1854): /41. Etudes sur le Maine, Noblesse du Maine aux Crusades (1859): 49-50. Charles & Elbenne Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans (1886-1913): Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbve de la Sainte-Trinité di Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cix (arms of Guillaume Goet dated 1139: Mi-parti au 1er d'argent à deux chevrons de sable; au 2e trois chevrons brisés d'or), 24-27, 78-79, 104-106. Merlet Inventaire-sommaire des Archives départementales anterieures (11790: Eure-et-Loir, Archives Ecclésiastiques, Serie H 8 (1897): 161. Souancé & Métais Saint-Denis de Nogent-le-Rotrou 1031-1789: Histoire et Cartulaire (1899): LVII-LIX, 103-104 (charter of Guillaume Gouet junior son of Guillaume Gouet dated c.1125), 104-106 (charter dated c.1125 naming Guillaume [Gouet] junior, son of Eustachie wife of [Guillaume] Gouet, and his wife, Mabel), 164-166. Bulls. de la Societé Dunoise Archeologie, Histoire, Sciences & Arts 10 (1904): 171-188. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.663, XIII.1014. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Child of Mabel of England, by Guillaume Gouet: a. GUILLAUME GOUET, seigneur of Montmirail, married ISABELLE (or ELIZABETH) OF BLOIS, Duchess of Apulia [see DONZY 4]. vi. CONSTANCE OF ENGLAND, married ROSCELIN DE BEAUMONT, Vicomte of Beaumont-en-Maine [see BEAUMONT 3]. vii. ALINE OF ENGLAND, married MATHIEU DE MONTMORENCY, seigneur of Montmorency [see LEICESTER 3 {sic: MONTMORENCY 3}]. v. SIBYL OF ENGLAND, married ALEXANDER I, King of Scots [see SCOTLAND 1.v], younger son of Malcolm III (Ceannmor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for his parentage]. He was born about 1077. They had no issue. By an unknown mistress, he had an illegitimate son, Malcolm. He became King of Scotland in 1107 on the death of his elder brother, Edgar, King of Scots. He and his wife, Sibyl, founded the monastery of Scone in Perthshire in 1113-14. He was also a benefactor to Durham and Dunfermline. He invaded Wales in summer 1114, in cooperation with King Henry I of England. His wife, Sibyl, died suddenly at Loch Tay 12 July 1122. ALEXANDER I, King of Scots, died at Stirling 23 April 1124, and was buried before the great altar at Dunfermline, Fife near his father. Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: “VII. Kal. Mali [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "VI. Id. Jul. [10 July] Ob. Sibilla Regina Scottorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Turnbull Extracta E Variis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 68 (Extracts ex Cronicis Scocie sub A.D. 1122: "Sibilla, illustris regine Scocie, uxor regis Alexandri, filia Henrici Beuclerk regis Anglie, apud Lochtay cellam canonicorum de Scona obiit anno Domini Moc.xxij"). Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis 2 (1849): 78 (sub A.D. 1123: "Alexander rex Scottorum, VII. kal. Maii [25 April], obiit."). Liber Ecclesie de Scone (1863): 1-3 (charter of Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl; charter witnessed by his nephew [nepos], Alexander, and by William, brother of the queen [frater regine]). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 3 (sub Kings of Scotland). Lawrie Early Scottish Charters prior to A.D. 1153 (1905): 28-30 (charter to Scone Priory dated c.1120 issued by Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl, "filia Henrici Regis Angliae"), 262. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 50-57. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.655, XIII.205. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 57. Duncan Kingship of the Scots 842-1292 (2002). Barrow Kingdom of the Scots (2003): 1541-56. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Oram David I: The King Who Made Scotland (2004). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 313 (Scotland ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I, by Isabel of Meulan, daughter of Robert of Meulan (or de Beaumont), Count of Meulan, by Isabel (or Elizabeth), daughter of Hugues le Grand Count of Crepy [see VERMANDOIS 5 for her ancestry]. Isabel de Meulan married (1st) Gilbert Fitz Gilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 6 Jan. 1147/8) [see PEMBROKE 3] and (2nd) Ralph Bluet, of Silchester, Hampshire and Lacock, Wiltshire (living 1167) [see PEMBROKE 3]. She was allegedly living in 1172. i. ISABEL OF ENGLAND. She and her mother, Countess Isabel, witnessed two undated charters of her half-brother, Richard Fitz Gilbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Her subsequent history is unknown. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 10 (1855): 261-263 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to the monks of Usk; charter witnessed by Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter, Ralph Bloet, and Walter Bloet). C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 361 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Gilbert to Goldcliff Priory; charter witnessed by Isabel the earl's mother and Isabel his sister). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-102 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke) ("Actually there is no reasonable doubt that Isabel [de Meulan]s daughter bore her mother's name, lived with her after the elder Isabel's marriage, and continued to do so after her step-father's death. For the first two witnesses to the 2nd Earl of Pembroke's charter for Usk are the Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter; and in the charter for Goldcliff Priory the first two witnesses are Isabel the Earl's mother and Isabel the Earl's sister. There is no evidence that she ever married."); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.657. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Alleged but unlikely daughter of King Henry I: i. EMMA OF ENGLAND, married GUY DE LAVAL, seigneur of Laval. Hollister Henry 1(2001): 228 ("Bertrand de Brousillon, La Maison de Laval, 1: 79: 'on pretend meme que l’abbaye de Clermont aurait conserve longtemps une tombe sur laquelle on lisait EMMA ANGLORUM REGIS FILIA DOMINAQUE LAVALLENSIS.' The author dismisses this tradition on the grounds that Robert of Torigny omits 'Emma' from his list of Henry's daughters, but the list is by no means complete. Emma is absent from the list of Henry I's illegitimate daughters in CP, 11, app. D, pp. 112-121.").”	of England, Juliane (I6411)
6035	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY nicknamed “Beauclerc,” King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Cotentin, 4th son, born in 1068 or 1069. He married (1st) 11 Nov. 1100 MAUD OF SCOTLAND, daughter of Malcolm III (CeannMor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for her parentage]. She was born in 1079. They had one son, William, and one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, died at Westminster 1 May 1118. He married (2nd) at Windsor, Berkshire 29 Jan. 1121 ALICE (or AELIZ, ALEIDE, ALEYDA, AELIDIS, ADELIDE, ADELIDIS, ADELAIDIS, ADELIZA, ADELIZE, ATHELICE) OF LOUVAIN, daughter of Gottfried (or Godefroy) I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Louvain, by his 1st wife, Ida, daughter of Otto II, Count of Chiny. She was born about 1103. They had no issue. By various mistresses, he had eight illegitimate sons, Robert [Earl of Gloucester], Richard, Fulk, Reynold [Earl of Cornwall], Robert, Gilbert, William de Tracy, and Henry, and nine illegitimate daughters, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Rotrou II, Count of Perche), Alice, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Conan III, Duke of Brittany), Juliane (wife of Eustache de Pacy, seigneur of Breteuil and Pacy), Mabel (wife of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail), Constance (wife of Roscelin de Beaumont), Aline (wife of Mathieu de Montmorency), Sibyl (wife of Alexander I, King of Scots), and Isabel.* HENRY I, King of England died at Lyons-la-Forêt (near Rouen), Normandy 1 Dec. 1135, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. His widow, Alice, married (2nd) after Dec. 1136 but later than summer 1139 WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, Earl of Lincoln, afterwards 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), hereditary Chief Butler of England, Privy Councillor to King Henry I [see CLIFTON 3]. They had four sons, William [2nd Earl of Arundel or Sussex], Reiner, Henry, and Godfrey, and two daughters, Alice (wife of Jean I, Count of Eu and Alvred de Saint Martin) and Olive. He was a witness to King Stephen's 2nd Charter of Liberties in 1136. He was created Earl of Lincoln c.1138. He gave shelter to Empress Maud at Arundel Castle in 1139, but afterwards adhered to King Stephen. His earldom was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex before Christmas 1141. In his own later charters he is styled Earl of Chichester. About 1145 he witnessed a charter of Henry Hussey as "Consul Willelmo de Cicesterr." His wife, Alice, presented to the prebend of West Dean in 1150. Alice, dowager Queen of England, died as a nun at Affligem Abbey in Brabant 25 (or 26) March 1151, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. He was influential in arranging the treaty of 1153, whereby the Crown continued with King Stephen for life, though the inheritance thereof was secured to Henry II. He subscribed his name to this instrument as "Comes Cicestrie." By grant dated c.1155, King Henry II confirmed to him as "William, Earl of Arundel" the Castle of Arundel, with the whole honour of Arundel and all its appurtenances. He served as Joint Ambassador to France and to the Pope in 1163/4. He served as Chief Ambassador with Princess Maud to Germany in 1168. He was appointed joint Commander of the royal army in Normandy in 1173. In Sept. 1173 he assisted in the defeat near Bury St. Edmunds of the Earl of Leicester. He founded Buckenham Abbey, Norfolk and Pynharn Priory, Sussex. WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), died at Waverley Abbey, Surrey 4 (or 12) October 1176, and was buried at Wymondham Priory, Norfolk. [Footnote *: In 1824 the Scottish historian Chalmers stated that King Henry I of England had an illegitimate daughter, Elizabeth, who married Fergus, lord of Galloway (died 1161). [see Chalmers Caledonia 3 (1824): 250, footnote k ("Fergus [lord of Galloway] ... was a prince of some note, even at the court of Henry I. of England, is certain : as he took to wife, according to the heralds, genealogists, and chroniclers, Elizabeth, the natural daughter of Henry I.")]. Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway), however, debunked Chalmers' statement, noting that the authorities quoted by Chalmers "do not bear out his assertion." Even so, other secondary sources have continued to repeat Chalmers' unfounded claim: See, for example, Mackenzie History of Galloway (1841): 167-172 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England"); Anderson Scottish Nation 2 (1862): 195 ("Fergus, lord of Galloway ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England ..."); M'Kerlie Galloway in Ancient & Modern Times (1891): 155 ("It is necessary to repeat here that Fergus married Elizabeth, the natural daughter of King Henry I. of England."); Maxwell Hist. of Dumfries & Galloway (1896): 47-48 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, natural daughter of Henry I., and sister of Sibilla, who married Alexander I., brother of David."); Ramsay Angevin Empire (1903): 90, footnote 7 ("Gunfrith [i.e., Godred] was son of Olaf, by Afreca, daughter of Fergus of Galloway, by 'Elisabeth,' reputed natural daughter of Henry I."); Oram Lordship of Galloway (2000): 60; Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Barrow Robert Bruce (1965): 36, footnote 2 notes that "Roger Howden calls Uchtred son of Fergus of Galloway a cousin of King Henry II (Gesta Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Ser., i, 80)," a relationship which Professor Barrow states "is best explained on the supposition that Fergus married a bastard daughter of Henry I." However, given that King Henry II of England had a Scottish grandmother, a more likely explanation of the kinship between the Galloway and English royal families is that the wife of Fergus was near related to the Scottish royal family, possibly being a sister of William Fitz Duncan, whose grandfather was Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots [died 1093]. This arrangement would make Uchtred son of Fergus and King Henry II of England related in the 3rd degree of kindred (or second cousins).] D'Achery Spicilegium 10 (1671): 612-613 (Continuatio Chronici Afflegemiensis: "Filia præfati Ducis Aleidis juncta matrimonio Regi Angliæ, post obitum secundi con jugis Afflegemiensis Claustri solitudinem ad reliquum vitæ ad humandum corpus elegit in domo turti Ecclesiæ contigua, cum una aut akera ancilla in Fratrum Afflegemiensiurn quieta taciturna multitudine solitaria habitavit, & beato fine quievit, de qua epitaphium: Aleidis Regina Anglim, filia Ducis Godefridi cum barba, Regnum suscepit in Anglia an MCXXI. obiit 9 Kal. Maii [23 April], sepulta è regione horologii nostri."). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 30 (Kalendar of Obits: "IIII Non. December [2 December]. Obitus Henrici Regis."). Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 32-34. Morice Mémoires pour servir de Preuves à l'Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne 1 (1742): 130 (Extract of Cronicle of Robert, Abbot of Mont Saint Michel: "Anno 1135. Obiit Henricus I. Rex Anglorum in prima die Decembris, cum regnasset annis 35. & 4 mensibus."). Brequigny & Mouchet Table Chronologique des Diplômes, Chartes, Titres ... concernant l’Histoire de France 3 (1783): 236 (charter dated c.1155 of Alice Queen of the English [Adelaidis reginæ Anglorum]). Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: Kal. Maii [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 218 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "IV. Non. Dec. [2 December] Ob Henricus Rex Anglorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Norrnands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXI)). Tierney Hist. & Antiqs. of the Castle & Town of Arundel 1 (1834): 169-179. Michel Histoire des Ducs de Normandie et des Rois D'Angleterre (1840): 69 ("Li rois Henrie, quant la roine Mehaus fu morte, prist à feme Aalis, la fille Godefroi le duc de Louvaing, la cousine Wistasse [Eustace] de Bouloigne; mais n'en ot nul enfant. Si ot-il de bas .vj. Ills et .vij. fines"). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 135-211 (biog. of Matilda of Scotland), 212-256 (biog. of Adelicia of Louvaine). Barrett Memorials of the parochial Church ... in the Parish of Attleborough (1848): 12-41. Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis 2 (1849): 74 (Maud [of Blois], Countess of Chester, styled "niece" to King Henry I of England [neptis regis1). Ordericus Vitalis Ecclesiastical Hist. of England & Normandy 3 (1854): 482 (Roger Fitz Roger and Walter d'Aufay [Aufai] styled "cousins" to King Henry I at Battle of Bremule in 1119 by Ordericus Vitalis). Arch. Journal 20 (1863): 283 ("Adeliza appears to have used the identical matrux of the seal which had belonged to the first queen of Henry I., the name-Aalidis-having been substituted for Matli[Idis), 287-288 (charter of Queen Alice [Aelidis regina] ... There is appended ... a pointed oval seal of white wax .... device, a female figure standing ... The legend is + SIGILLVM • AALIDIS • SECVND[AE • DE]I • GRACIA • REGINAE • ANGLIE.), 288-289 (charter of Queen Alice [A. Dei gracia Regina]); 22 (1865): 152-153 (charter of William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Lincoln; charter names Queen Alice his wife [regina Adelidis]). Sussex Arch. Colls. 15 (1863): 112-113. Luard Annales Monastici 1 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1864): 14 (Margam Annals sub 1151: "Obiit Adelidis, regina secunda Henrici regis."); 3 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1866): 433 (Bermondsey Annals sub A.D. 1121: "Hoc anno rex Henricus primus duxit Adelizam, filiam ducis Lovaniae, in uxorem, tertio nonas Februarii [3 February]."). Burke Gen. Hist, of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited & Extinct Peerages (1866): 2-3 (sub Albini, Earls of Arundel). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. (1867): 21-33 ("In the Register of the Priory of Bromhale, we find the record of his death under the date of the 4th day of October, 22nd of Henry II (A.D. 1176), in the following words, `obiit Willielmus Comes Arundel' (no mention of Sussex or Chichester), et `sepultus est in prioratus de Wymondham.’"). Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptorum 20 (1868): 67 (Orderic Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, Liber X: Roger Fitz Richard [de Clare) styled "kinsman" [cognatus) of King Henry I of England). Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104-108 (discusses evidence that King Henry I had an illegitimate daughter, Maud (or Mathilde)/Almodis, who was Abbess of Montivilliers). Ellis Antiqs. of Heraldry (1869): 206-207 (Aubigny ped.). Lower Compendious Hist. of Sussex 1 (1870): 70 (Robert de Haia, founder of Boxgrove Priory, styled "king's kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry I). Delisle Delisle Chronique de Robert de Tongni 1 (1872): 215 (sub A.D. 1139: "Invitarerat enim eos Willermus de Albinneio, qui duxerat Aeliz quondam reginam, quæ habebat castellum et comitatum Hardundel, quod rex Henricus dederat ei in dote."); 2 (1873): 63-64 ("Cessit etiam in fata Willermus de Albineio, quem vocabant comitem d'Arundel, relinquens filios quatuor, scilicet Guillermum de Albineio pritnogenitum, et alios tres natos ex Aeliza regina, uxore primi Henrici regis Anglorum."). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1874): 298 (sub 1176: "comes etiam Willelmus de Arundel obiit quarto idus Octobris [12 October] apud Waverle, et sepultus eat apud Wimundham, cellam scilicet ecclesiæ Sancti Albani, cujus cellæ patronus fuisse dinoscitur."). Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Obiit autem Matildis regina Anglia anno regni sui xviiio, kalendis Maii [1 May], et apud Radingas sepulta est."). Merlet Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cviii (arms of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy dated 1115: D'argent au cavalier d'azur). D.N.B. 1 (1885): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1(1886): 66 (sub Arundel). Raine Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1886): 169 (History of the Four Archbishops by Hugh the Chantor - King Henry I and Pope Calixtus II were kinsmen: "Nam præter spiritualem patris et filii relationem, carnali consanguinitate propinqui erant, quorum avus et avia frater et soror fuerunt." (Note: Pope Calixtus II was a younger son of William I, Count of Burgundy, whose mother Alice was daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 5-8 (seal of King Henry I - Obverse. King, seated in majesty, in an undercoat with sleeves tight at wrists, and loose skirts reaching below knees; and long flowing cloak fastened at throat and spreading out behind, which has a border, with indications of a fur of symmetrical pattern. On the head a cap-shaped crown, with three fleurs-de-lis, one at top and one at either side, and two chin-straps hanging loosely at sides, the ends having buckles in shape of trefoils. In right hand, extended outwards from elbow, a sword is held almost perpendicularly. In left hand, similarly extended, an orb, ensigned with a long cross pattee pommettee. Throne, apparently square, and closely resembling that of William II.; the centre curves with a bold cusp inwards, with a string-course, and is the narrowest part. In lower of two compartments thus made, is a footboard, not enough remaining to show original size. On throne a flat cushion with square edge, carrying at each end a hemispherical ornament, intended for pillow. Reverse. King, hauberk of chain-mail; conical helmet, having a blunt point at crown of head, and perhaps armed with projecting nose-piece; single pointed spur of goad form; long lance to which is attached a banner, charged with cross moline, and three pairs of waving streamers. No indication of sword. In left hand, held by interior strap, a kite-shaped shield, seen from within. The horse is walking to the right hand, caparisoned with breast-band, which is ornamented by five globular pendants equi-distant. Saddle of small dimensions; with stirrups. The loosely gathered reins are held up in left hand, which also sustains shield. Legend: + HENRIC' D... ... ...). Round "An Unknown Mistress of Henry I." in Eng. Hist. Rev. 5 (1890): 745-746. Luard Flores Historiarum 2 ((Rolls Ser.) 1890): 69 ("Anno gratix MCLIo [1151]. Obiit Adelicia regina, uxor regis Stephani;" the editor notes that the name "Stephani" is erased in Ch. and altered to "Henrici I."). Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (Docs. sur la Province du Perche 3rd Ser. 2) (1894): 40-43. Recueil des Historiens des Castles et de la France 23 (1894): 471 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: "25 Mart. Obiit Adelicia regina."), 476 (Ex Necrologio Monasterii Crucis Sancti Leufredi: "25 Mart. [Obiit] Adeliza, regina Anglorum."), 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Mali. [Obiit] Matildis, regina Anglorum."), 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "12 Oct. [Obiit] Guillelmus, comes de Arundel."), 581 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Dec. [Obiit] Henricus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum."). Napier & Stevenson Crawford Coll. of early Charters & Docs. now in the Bodleian library (1895): 31 (William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Chichester dated c.1150; charter names his wife, Queen Alice [regina Adelide]). Bradshaw Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral Pt. 2 (1897): (obits. in the odd volume of the great Latin Bible), ccxxxviii (2 May - "Matildis regina uxor Henrici regis."), ccxlii (2 Dec. - "Henricus, pacificus rex Anglorum."). Trans. East Herts Arch. Soc. 1(1) (1901): 129-135 (charter of Queen Alice widow of King Henry I dated 1136 [Adelidis regina uxor nobillisimi regis Henrici & filia Godefridi ducis lotharingie]. C.C.R. 1227-1231 (1902): 530 (confirmation of gift of Alice, formerly Queen of England). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 316 (Abbaye de Saint-Denis: "kal. Maius [1 May] Ob. Matildis, Anglorum regina [1118]."), 523 (Prieure de Longpont: "kaL maii. [1 May] [obit.] Maltidis, Anglorum regina [1118]."). Warner & Ellis Facsimiles of Royal & Other Charters in the British Museum 1 (1903): #14 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Lincoln dated c.1139-40; charter names his wife, Queen Adeleidis), #27 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Chichester dated 1151-2; charter names his wife, Queen Athelice). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 1-2 (sub Kings of Scotland). Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 25-34. Eng. Hist. Rev. 21(1906): 505-509. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 2 (1906): 241 (Obituaire of Prieure de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan: "Henricus, rex Anglorum, frater noster, III nonas decembris [3 Dec.] [1135]."), 661 (Nécrologe of Abbaye de Saint-Jean-en-Vallée: 12 Dec.] IIII non. Obiit Henricus, Anglorum rex [1135], ecclesiarum amator praecipuus."). Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway) ("[Fergus, lord of Galloway] is said to have married Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of King Henry I. of England, but the authorities quoted by Chalmers, who makes the statement, do not bear out his assertion."). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Urseau Cartulaire Moir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (1908): 167-168 (charter of King Henry I dated c.1111=20). Gomme Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1909): 217 (sub A.D. 1100: Maud of Scotland, 1st wife of King Henry I, styled "kinswoman to king Edward [the Confessor] and of the true royal race of England."), 239-240 (sub A.D. 1127: Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone], Abbot of Saint-Jean of Angély (in Poitou), afterwards Abbot of Peterborough styled "kinsman" [mæi] of [Henry I] King of England and [Guillaume] Count of Poitou) [see also Earle and Plummer Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel 1 (1892): 257; English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-5601. CP. 1 (1910): 233-235, 237 (chart) (sub Arundel); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Round King's Serjeants & Officers of State (1911): 140-165. English Hist. Rev. 34 (1919): 303-382. Farrer Outline Itinerary of King Henry 1 (1920). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) XI 112. Rübel-Blass (1939) 257 (biographical information). G.H. White "Henry I's Illegitimate Children," in C.P. 11 (1949), Appendix D, 105-121. Leys Sandford Cartulary 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 22) (1941): 216. Johnson et al. Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066-1154 2 (1956): 148 (John [son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent], a royal chaplain, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of King Henry I of England in charter dated 1117-19). C.R.R. 12 (1957): 157-158 (Sibyl de Falaise, wife of Baldwin de Bolers, styled "kinswoman" [nepte] of King Henry I of England). Stenton First Century of English Feudalism, 1066-1166 (1961). Davis King Stephen (1967): 137 ("[King] Stephen recognized three successive earls of Lincoln ... The first was William d'Aubigny pincerna who married Queen Adeliza, widow of King Henry I, and in her right became lord of the honour and castle of Arundel. He styles himself William Earl of Lincoln in three charters in which his identity is proved by references to his wife. They are in favour of Lewes Priory and the abbeys of Reading and Affligem-and in the case of Affligem there is also a charter of Adeliza referring to her husband as earl of Lincoln (Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville 3245; Warner and Ellis, Facsimiles, no. 14; E. de Marneffe, Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Affligem in Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclesiastique de la Belgique, 2o section, pp. 104,106). In royal charters it is usually impossible to distinguish him from his successor, William de Roumare, since the normal style of both was Willelmus comes de Lincolnia, or (before he was an earl) from his father, William d'Aubignypincerna, who died before June 1139 (Reg. iii. 973). If Robert de Torigny is right (Chronicles iv. 137) William had married Adeliza by September 1139, and it is tempting to assume that it was on his marriage that he was made earl of Lincoln, his connection with that county being that his mother, Maud Bigod, was a grand-daughter, and possible co-heiress, of Robert de Tosny of Belvoir. We do not know precisely when he was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex, but it was certainly by Christmas 1141 when he attested a charter as Comite Willelmo de Sudsexa (Reg. iii. 276)."). Chibnall Ecclesiastical Hist. of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80): 317 (Vol. VI, Book XII - Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone] styled "kinsman" [cognato] of King Henry I of England) [see English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-560]. Albion 10 (1978): 330-340. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 95 (sub Hainault, Brabant); 2 (1984): 81 (sub England); 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Chibnall Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166 (1986). Green Government of England under Henry 1(1986). Hollister Monarchy, Magnates, & Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World (1986). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 1 (Camden Soc. 4th Ser. 31) (1986): 301, 369, 476. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.1.423, XII.371, X11.644-X11.645, XIII.207. Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 136 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "7 Kal. [Apr.] [26 March]. Obiit Atheliza regina."), 130 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit Rex Anglorum Henricus primus."), 146 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit rex Anglorum Henricus i."). Haskins Soc. Jour. 7 (1995): 101-116. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35, 57. Scottish Hirt. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I Pt 2 (List and Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 143 (confirmation c. 1172/81 of grant made by Queen Adela) (original published in Jour. of British Architetural Assoc. 17: 312). Scottish Hist. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Harper-Bill Anglo-Norman Studies XXI (1999): 145-168. Bartlett England under the Norman & Angevin Kings 1075-1225 (2000). Hollister Henry 1(2001). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.), 313 (Scotland ped.). Weller Die Heiratspolitik des deutschen Hochadels im 12. Jahrhundert (2004): 464-4.76 (biog. of Königin Adelheid von England) ("On page 476, Weller states: "Seine Gattin Adelheid von Lowen, die ehemalige Konigin von England, war schon 1151 wahrend des Bürgerkrieges verschieden und wurde in Reading beigesetzt ... Der Begräbnisort Kgn. Adelheids geht aus einem Schreiben Jocelins v. Löwen an Bf. Hilarius v. Chichester eindeutig hervor, vgl. Reading Abbey Cartularies 1, No. 551, 416E; s.a. Bartlett, England 596. Nicht stichhaltig ist demgegeniiber die van Sanderus, Chorographia 1, 45, verbreitete Nachricht, wonach Adelheid vor ihrem Tod in ihre Heimat übergesiedelt und im Kloster Afflighem gestoren and begraben sei; heirnach auch John Horace Round in dem Art.: Adeliza of Louvain, in DNB 1(1885): 137f.; Complete Peerage 1, 235. Allerdings ist Kgn. Adelheid als Wohltäterin von Afflighem aufgetreten unde hat dem Kloster einigen Besitz in England gestiftet; vgl. Cart. Afflighem, No. 79, 121-124 (hier 122)."). Verbeke Medieval Narrative Sources (2005): 21-36. Fleming Henry I & the Anglo-Norman World: Studies in Memory of C. Warren Hollister (2006). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006). Children of King Henry I of England, by Maud of Scotland: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, son and heir apparent, born in 1103. As his father's destined successor, he received the homage of the Normans barons in 1115, and that of the English witan in 1116. He married at Lisieux in May 1119 MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ANJOU, daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou. He was with his father at the Battle of Bremule in 1119. Early in 1120 King Louis of France invested him with the duchy of Normandy. He was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 160 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1120: "Willelmus filius Henrici Regis, & Ricardus frater ejus & Ricardus Comes de Cestria cum multis Nobilibus naufragio perierunt.”). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. D.N.B. 21(1909): 337 (biog. of William, son of Henry I, King of England). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 81 (sub England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.644. Caenegem English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I 1 (Selden Soc. 106) (1990): 180-181, 192-193, 213-214. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.). ii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, married (1st) HEINRICH V, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor; (2nd) GEOFFREY V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy [see next]. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by an unknown mistress, (possibly a member of the Bohun family): i. ROBERT FITZ ROY, Earl of Gloucester, married MABEL FITZ ROBERT [see GLOUCESTER 3]. Illegitimate sons of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Ansfride, widow of Anskill, a knight who was a tenant of Abingdon Abbey: i. RICHARD FITZ ROY, born before 1101. He served against the French in 1119, and was captured at Les Andelys. He was set free with his comrades by King Louis, because they had taken sanctuary in the church of Notre Dame du Grand Andely. Later the same year he was with his father at the Siege of Evreux and the Battle of Brémule. In Sept. 1119 he was sent to raise the Siege at Bréteuil. He was betrothed to Amice de Gael, daughter of Raoul, seigneur of Gael in Brittany and Bréteuil in Normandy. He was drowned immediately afterwards in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Amice subsequently married Robert of Meulan, 1st Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 6]. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Alium quoque habuit filium Ricardum, et cessavit parere... Navis enim infausta qun regis gestabat filios Willelrnum et Ricardum, submersa est, periitque in scopulis Barbefluvii."). C.P. 7 (1929): 527-530 (sub Leicester); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.646. Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni 2 (1992): 248-249 (Robert de Torigny: "Ricardus autem, huius comitis uno de patre frater, cum fratre suo Willelmo in sepedicto naufiagio periit."). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. FULK FITZ ROY. Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(II.647. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Sibyl Corbet: i. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall, Sheriff of Devon, 1173-5. He married in 1140 MABEL FITZ WILLIAM, daughter of William Fitz Richard, of Cornwall. They had one son, Nicholas, and four daughters, Denise (wife of Richard de Redvers, Earl of Devon), Maud, Sarah (wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges), and Emme (wife of Guy V de Laval, seigneur of Laval). By a mistress, Beatrice de Valle (or Vaux) (afterwards wife of William Briwerre, Knt.), he had an illegitimate son, Henry Fitz Count. By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, William. He was granted the lands of William, Earl of Mortain, amounting to 215-1/2 fees in Devon and Cornwall. He was created Earl of Cornwall about April 1141. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, were recognized by contemporaries as "the most powerful men in the kingdom." His wife, Mabel, fell into insanity in the 1140s. He witnessed a charter of Henry d'Oilly in the period, 1114-47. In 1153 he witnessed the agreement between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy [afterwards King Henry II]. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, acted as intermediary between the king and Thomas Becket at Northampton in 1164. He played a major part in opposing the rebels of 1173-4 in England. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall died 1 July 1175, allegedly at Chertsey, Surrey, and was buried at Reading, Berkshire. Dugdale Baronage (1675): 702 (sub Briwere) ("[William Briwere] having married Beatrix de Valle, a Concubine, as 'tis said, to Reginald Earl of Cornwall (which is probable, for in a Grant made by Henry Son to the same Reginald [Earl of Cornwall], unto this William [Briwere], of the Mannor of Karswell, and Land of Hakford, he calls him his Brother")) [Note: Dugdale evidently intended to say that Henry Fitz Count's brother was William Briwere the younger, as it was William Briwere the elder was the husband of his mother, Beatrice de Valle]. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 6, 98 (undated charter of Reynold son of King Henry to William de Botreaux son of Alice Corbet his aunt [matertera]; charter witnessed by his son, Nicholas; his nephews/kinsmen [nepotibus], Ralph and Richard, and his brother, William), 112. Topographer 2 (1790): 288-291. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 2 (1836 11): 239-240 (Bruere or Briwere ped.). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 163 ("Deditque ibidem Hereberto filio Hereberti, et Willelmo fratri comitis Reginaldi, et Joelllano de la Pumerai, nepoti eorum, regnum be Limeric pro servitio sexaginta militum"), 172 ("Nam Herbertus, et Willelmus, fratres Reginaldi comitis Cornubiae, et Joellanus de Purnetia nepos eorum, regnum illud havere noluerunt; sed illud reddiderunt domino regi et Johanni filio suo liberum et quietum ab omni calurnnia eorum"). Le Fizelier Mémoire chronologique de Maucourt de Bourjolly sur la Ville de Laval 1 (1886): 136-142. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-253 (William brother of Earl Reynold [Willelmus frater Comitis Reginaldi] held 1/2 knight's fee of Robert Fitz Roy in 1166), 261-262 (William brother of the Earl [Willelmus frater Comitis] held four knight's fees Reynold, Earl of Cornwall in 1166). Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 455-456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 34. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 75. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Colls. Hist. Staffs. 1924 (1926): 9, 219. English Hist. Rev. 62 (1947): 352-377 (charter of William de Marsh brother of Reynold Earl of Cornwall [Willelmus de Marisco frater Reginaldi comitis Cornubie]). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II], later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Minor & Butler eds. Letters of John of Salisbury 1 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1955): 162-163. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987): 9-10 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1154-65), 10-11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1146-55), 11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 195-196 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1165-75, witnessed by his son, Nicholas), 196-197 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 197-198 (two confirmation charters of King Henry II of England naming his "uncle" [avunculus] Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, one dated c.1174-5, the other dated c.1174-6). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(11.651, X111.996-1000. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Hollister Henry 1(2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart).Cornwall Rec. Office: Borough of Truro, BTRU/1 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1161-66) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, by Mabel Fitz William: a. MAUD OF CORNWALL, married ROBERT II, Count of Meulan [see VERMANDOIS 7]. Illegitimate child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, allegedly by Beatrice de Valle: a. HENRY FITZ COUNT, of Liskeard, Cornwall and King's Kerswell, Devon, Constable of Totnes Castle, 1209, Governor of Portchester Castle, 1211, Sheriff of Cornwall, 1215, 1217-20, Constable of Launceston Castle and Warden of the Stanneries, 1215. In 1194 he was granted the manors of Liskeard, Cornwall and Diptford and King's Kerswell, Devon by the king. In 1196 he witnessed the Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by his alleged step-father, Sir William Briwerre. In 1215 he had a grant of the county of Cornwall from King John, to farm until the realm should be at peace. The grant was renewed by King Henry III 7 Feb. 1216/7. He resigned the county to the king in 1220, when he took the cross. HENRY FITZ COUNT died a crusader in 1222. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Hunter Catalogue of the MSS in the library of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn (1838): 13. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(2) (1846): 924 (Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by William Briwer). Oliver Monasticon Dioecesis Exoniensis (1846): 174 (charter of Henry son of Reynold Earl of Cornwall; charter granted for the souls of his brothers and his mother), 179, 183. Trans. Exeter Diocesan Architectural & Arch. Soc. 2nd Ser. 1 (1867): 133-134. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 31(1870): 5. Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 21. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 9 (1902): 295-296 ("But Reginald de Dunstanville [i.e., Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall] had also by Beatrix de Valle (who afterwards became the wife of William Brewer, the judge of Henry II. and one of the regents of Richard I.) an illegitimate son named Henry FitzCount (sometimes FitzHenry), who became in after years also Earl of Cornwall."). Genealogist n.s. 20 (1904): 10-11. C.P. 3 (1913): 430 (sub Cornwall). Painter Reign of King John (1949): 231, 290, 348, 358-359. Hobbs Cartulary of Forde Abbey (Somerset Rec. Soc. 85) (1998): 116 (charter of Henry Fitz Count dated 1200-22; charter witnessed by William Brewer). North Devon Rec. Office: Chichester of Arlington, 50/11/29/3 (confirmation of a gift of land dated early 13th Cent. from Henry son of Earl Reginald to William de Tracy of all his land of Wollecombe [in Mortehoe] and Boklande, Devon, which William and his ancestors held of Henry and his ancestors, lords of Bradneys, as the charter of Hugh Ruffus testifies. To have and to hold to the aforesaid William, his heirs and assigns, of Henry and his heirs for ever, rendering all due and customary services. Seal of Henry son of Earl Reginald - Round, natural wax, armorial, surrounded by legend giving name of owner, chipped. The arms on shield resemble those of Courtenay family, but the Courtenays did not become Earls till 14th Cent.) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Henry III Fine Rolls Project (Baldekin styled "kinsman" of H[enry] Fitz Count in a fine roll item dated 1220; by whom he was earlier granted lands in Cornwall formerly held by Robert de Tintagel) (available at www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_015.html). Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith, daughter of Forne son of Sigulf, lord of Greystoke, Cumberland. Edith subsequently married ROBERT D'OILLY, of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, Constable of Oxford Castle. They had two sons, Henry and Gilbert. He and his wife, Edith, founded Oseney Priory near Oxford in 1129. Robert d'Oilly died in Sept. 1142. Sometime in the period, c.1145-56, his widow, Edith, granted a toft in Huggate and 68-1/2 acres in the fields there to the poor of the Hospital of St. Peter, York. Leys Sandford Cartulary 1 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 19) (1938): 50 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith), 92 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated before June 1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith, and his son, Henry). Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 505-508, 510 (charter of Edith wife of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1145-56), 510-511 (charter of Henry d'Oilly dated c.1145-56; charter witnessed by his wife, Maud), 518-519. Hedley Northumberland Fares. (1968): 233. i. ROBERT FITZ ROY. He held land in Devonshire in 1130. He witnessed a charter of his step-father, Robert d'Oilly, in the period, ?1130-35. He supported his half-sister, Empress Maud, in the Civil War. In the period, 1144-7, he witnessed a charter of his half-brother, Henry d'Oilly. In 1146-7 he witnessed a charter of Empress Maud and her son, Henry. About 1150 he granted 10 pounds of land in his manor of Wantage, Berkshire to the church of Oseney, with the counsel of Henry d'Oilly his half-brother. Sometime in the period, 1153-67, he witnessed a charter of Wigan of Wallingford. He married before 1162 MAUD D'AVRANCHES, widow of William de Courcy (or ?Geoffrey de Crimes?), and daughter of Robert d'Avranches, by ___, daughter of Gelduin de Dol. They had one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, was heiress of Richard Fitz Baldwin. In 1162 he granted St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter two ferlings of land in his manor of Calvalegie juxta Cobbalegiam, together with a man named Edwium son of Wranhi; charter was granted with with the consent of his wife, Maud d'Avranches. ROBERT FITZ ROY died 31 May 1172. His widow, Maud, died 21 Sept. 1173. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farms of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Coll. Top. et Gen. 1 (1834): 188 ("C. Rob[er]ti filii Henrici Regis per concessionem Mathildis, filiz Roberti de Avrenchis et heredis Ricardi filii Baldewini, dans totam vincam quam Rob'tus fil. Baldewini et Ricardus fester ejus Eccl. S.N. dederunt."), 382 (charter dated 1162 of Robert son of King Henry, granted with consent of Maud d'Avranches his wife [Robertus filius Regis Henrici, assensu Matillidis de Abrinco uxoris meae to St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter). Dugdale Monasticon Anglican = 5 (1846): 377-382 (Ford Abbey, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia: "Obijt denique vir ejus secundus, dominus Robertus filius regis Henrici anno Domini M.clxxii. pridie calendas Junii [31 May], et post ipsum vicecomitissa Matildis, itaque de Aubrincis ut prius nuncupata, undecimo calendas Octobris [21 Sept.] anno Domini M.clxxiii. et regni regis Henrici secundi 19."); 6(1) (1830): 253 (charter of Robert son of King Henry [Robertus Henrici regis filius]; charter names his [half-]brother [fratris], Henry d'Oilly). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Priory of Hexham 1 (Surtees Soc. 64) (1864): 138 (Chronicle of John, Prior of Hexham: "Emissi sunt autem ducenti milites cum Rodberto, filio Edae et Henrici Regis notho, et Johanne Marascaldo ...."). Freeman Reign of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 723. Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): 374 (charter of Robert son of King Henry dated c.1150). Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 3 (1881): 1-3. Maitland Bracton's Note Book 2 (1887): 137-138 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that he was the son of Hawise, the first born daughter of Maud d'Avranches; Hawise's sister, Maud de Courtenay, who was the plaintiff in the lawsuit, in turn testified that the said Hawise was the daughter of Geoffrey de Crimes (or Crunes, Cruues), the 1st husband of Maud d'Avranches), 404-405; 3 (1887): 450-452 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that his mother, Hawise, was the daughter of William de Curcy, husband of Maud d'Avranches). Notes & Gleanings 2 (1889): 50-56. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-254 (list of knights fees held by Robert Fitz Roy in 1166). Note-book of Tristram Risdon (1897): 53-56. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 73, 75, 101-102. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Seversmith Colonial Fams. of Long Island New York & Connecticut 5 (1958): 2426-2428. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.650, XIII.995. Reedy Basset Charters c.1120 to 1250 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 50) (1995): 25-26 (charter dated 1146-7 of Empress Maud daughter of King Henry I and her son, Henry; charter witnessed by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and Robert Fitz Roy). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Fizzard Plympton Priory (2008): 62, footnote 26. Child of Robert Fitz Roy, by Maud d'Avranches: a. MAUD FITZ ROBERT, married REYNOLD DE COURTENAY, of Sutton, Berkshire [see COURTENAY 1]. ii. ALICE FITZ ROY. In the period, ?1130-35, she witnessed a charter of her step-father, Robert d'Oilly, and her mother, Edith. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 72-73 (Alice daughter of the king [Adeliza Lila Reg.] witness to charter of Robert d'Oilly, his wife, and son dated ?1130-35). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Nest, wife of Gerald of Windsor, Constable of Pembroke, and daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwt, Prince of South Wales: i. HENRY FITZ ROY, of Pembrokeshire. He was killed during King Henry II's invasion at Anglesea in 1157 or 1158. He married ___. They had two sons, Meiler Fitz Henry [Justiciar of Ireland] and Robert, and presumably one daughter, Amabilis Fitz Henry (wife of Walter de Ridelisford). Williams ab Ithel Annales Cambriaes (Rolls Ser.) (1860): 47 (sub A.D. 1158: "Henricus filius Geraldi occisus est, velut alii volunt, filius Henrici regis ..."). Dimock Geraldus Cambrensis: Itinerarium Kambrice, et Descriptio Kambriæ (Geraldus Cambrensis Opera 6) (Rolls Ser.) (1868): 130 (Date: A.D. 1157: "Fuerant autem duo nobiles viti, et ejus qui scripsit haec avunculi, cum aliis hue a rege transmissi: Henricus scilicet regis Henrici primi filius, et secundi avunculus, ex nobili Nesta, Resi filii Theodori filia, in australi Kambria Demetiae finibus oriundus; et Robertus Stephani filius, Henrici frater non germanus sed uterinus."), 130, footnote 2 ("The death of Henry, her [Nest's] son by [King] H[enryl I., in this attack on Anglesea, is placed by Brut under 1156, in Ann. Camb. under 1158. By the former he is called Henry son of King Henry; by the latter, Henry son of Girald, or, according to others, son of king Henry. He was the father of the famous Meiler, the great hero of the Irish invasion."). Gilbert Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin 1 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 30-31 (charter of Walter de Ridelisford to St. Mary's Abbey; charter granted with consent of his wife, Amabilis Fitz Henry and witnessed by Meiler Fitz Henry). Orpen Ireland under the Normans 1 (1911): 18 (ped. chart). Jour. Royal Soc. of Antiqs. Ireland 82 (1952): 46-61. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.656. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 298-299 (biog. of Meiler Fitzhenry). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith: i. MAUD (or MATHILDE, MAHAUT) OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 (as his 1st wife) ROTROU II “the Great,” Count of Perche, seigneur of Belleme, son and heir of Geoffroi, Count of Mortagne and Perche, by Beatrix, daughter of Count Hilduin, Count of Montdidier and Roucy. He was born about 1080. Her maritagium likely included the manors of Aldboume and Wanborough, Wiltshire. They had two daughters, Philippe and Felicie. During the 1st Crusade, he fought at the Siege of Nicaea in mid-1097. He commanded a division that broke out of Antioch in June 1098. He crusaded against the Muslims in Spain probably in 1108. In 1114 he aided his father-in-law, King Henry I, at the Siege of Belleme. At the request of his wife, Maud, a hide of land at Wanborough, Wiltshire was given to Lewes Priory. His wife, Maud, was drowned in the shipwreck of the White Ship 25 Dec. 1120. He was Governor of Tudela in Aragon and participated in campaigns in Aragon from 1123 until the mid-1130s. He returned to Perche by 1135. He married (2nd) before 1126 HAWISE OF SALISBURY, daughter of Walter of Salisbury (also known as Walter Fitz Edward), of Chitterne, Wiltshire, Great Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, North Aston, Oxfordshire, etc., hereditary Sheriff of Wiltshire, Constable of Salisbury Castle, by Sibyl, daughter of Patrick de Chaources (or Sourches) [see LONGESPEE 2 for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Geoffroi, Rotrou (III) [Count of Perche], and Etienne [Archbishop-elect of Palermo]. After King Henry I's death in 1135, he and his nephew, Richer de l'Aigle, extorted the castles of Moulins and Bonmoulins as the price for their support for King Stephen. In 1139 he was taken in the English king's pay and defeated the unruly knights of Breteuil. ROTROU II, Count of Perche, died 6 May 1144 at the Siege of the Towe of Rouen, he then being in the service of Empress Maud and her husband, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. His widow, Hawise, married (2nd) (as his 1st wife) ROBERT I, Count of Dreux and Braille [see DREUX 6], and, in right of his 1st wife, Count of Perche, seigneur of Bellème, younger son of Louis VI, King of France, by Alix, daughter of Humbert II, Count of Savoy and Maurienne [see FRANCE 5 for his ancestry]. They had one daughter, Alix (wife successively of Waleran III, seigneur of Breteuil, Guy II, seigneur of Châtillon-sur-Marne, Jean I, seigneur of Torote, Châtellain de Noyon, and Raoul I de Nesle, Count of Soissons). His wife, Hawise, died in 1152. Robert I, Count of Dreux and Braine, died 11 October 1188. Duchesne Histoire Généalogique de la Maison Royale de Dreux (1631): 13-42. Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 74-75 (sub Capetians), 423-425 (sub Comtes de Dreux). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Des Murs Hist. des Comtes du Perche de la Fam. des Rotrou (1856). Herald & Genealogist 3 (1866): 173-176. Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 255 (Genealogiæ Fusniacensis: "Rotaldus comes, prefati comitis filius, duxit filiam regis Anglie, de qua filiam procreavit. "). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 3940 (charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche, dated c.1119; charter witnessed by his sister [soror], Juliane, and her son, Richer), 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe). Money Hist. of the Ancient Town & Borough of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Boulais Receuil des Antiquitéz du Perche (1890). Romanet de Beaune Géographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (1894): 33-35. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 419 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "6 [Obiit] Rotrodos comes."). Lalizel Abbaye Royal d'Arcisses (Archives du Diocèse de Chartres 10) (1900): 3-10 (charters of Rotrou, Count of Perche). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. VCH Wiltshire 9 (1970): 174-186; 12 (1983): 67-86. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Traditio 41(1985): 145-179. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.649. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France (2002). Hollister Henry I (2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Power Norman Frontier in the Twelfth & Early Thirteenth Centuries (2004): 360-361. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Geoffrey Grossus Life of Blessed Bernard of Tiron (2009): 71, footnote 1. Child of Maud (or Mathilde) of England, by Rotrou II of Perche: a. PHILIPPE OF PERCHE, married HELIE OF ANJOU, Count of Maine, younger son of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine. They had one daughter, Beatrix (wife of Jean I, Count of Alençon). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe [assensu generis mei Helie filieque mee Romanet de Beaune Geographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30-31 ("... Helias vero ...comes Cenomannonun factus est, et xx annis adepto consulatu strenue potitis est. Heres quoque soceri sin Gervasii de Castro Lidi factus est, eujus filiam habuit, ex qua filiam nomine Eremburgem genuit, quam domino suo Fulconi, Andegavorum comiti, in matromonium copulavit … Uxor ejus ei filiam, Eremburgem nomine, peperit, quae, nubilibus annis, Fulconi, Andegavorum tunc comiti, nunc Ierosolymorum regi, nupsit et generosam sobolem genuit: Joffredum et Heliam, Mathildem et Sibyllam, quae filiis regum solemniter nupserunt"). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by various mistresses: i. GILBERT FITZ ROY. He was still young and unmarried in 1142. Nothing more is known of him. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 281 286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.660. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. WILLIAM DE TRACY. He died soon after his father. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121 (author states in error that William de Tracy had a daughter and heiress, Grace, wife of John de Sudeley, of Sudeley Castle and Toddington, Gloucestershire). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.659. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). iii. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ENGLAND, married CONAN III, Duke of Brittany [see BRITTANY 3]. iv. JULIANE OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 EUSTACHE DE PACY (or DE BRETEUIL), seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, illegitimate son of Guillaume, seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, by an unknown mistress. They had two sons, Guillaume and Roger, and two daughters. In 1119 he took part in the rebellion against King Henry I, who besieged his wife, Juliane, at Breteuil. She fled to Pacy, and in the autumn of 1119 Eustache and Juliane were pardoned by the king. A few years later she became a nun at Fontevrault. EUSTACHE DE PACY died at the beginning of Lent 1136, Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Depoin Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Saint-Martin de Pontoise (1895): 470-476 (Famille d'Ivry). C.P. 8 (1932): 209-210 (sub Lovel); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X11.648. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 304 (Fitz Osbem ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Norrnandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). v. MABEL OF ENGLAND, married before c.1125 GUILLAUME GOUET (or GORT), seigneur of Montmirail and Alluyes, son and heir of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail, Alluyes, Authon, la Bazoche-Gouet, Brou, and Château-du-Loir, by his wife, Eustachie Crespon. They had one son, Guillaume [seigneur of Montmirail]. He joined his parents and his brothers, Robert and Matthew, in the foundation of the Priory of St. Giles des Chateigniers as a cell of Tiron. In 1114, as William Gouet junior, he was one of the nobles of Thibaut, Count of Chartres, whom the count called to advise him. In 1116, with his father and mother, he gave judgment in a dispute between the abbey of Marmoutier and Gaston de Brou. As "Guillaume Goët le jeune," he witnessed a charter of Guillaume de Mesmerand to the leproserie of Chateaudun c.1120. He succeeded his father before c.1125. He made an agreement c.1125 with the Prior of Saint-Denis de Nogent regarding the churches of Ceton and Saint-Ulphace. He likewise gave c.1125 to the monks of Saint-Denis the church of Unverre that Gaston de Brou gave them and that his mother Eustachie unjustly retained; for which gift he received 10 livres and his wife, Mabel, 100 sous. About 1127 he witnessed a charter of Ives de Courville, by which he quitclaimed his land in Courville to Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. In 1136 he granted various privileges to Tiron Abbey. In 1140 he confirmed the gift of Bois-Ruffin made by Ursion de Meslay. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Guérard Cartulaire de Saint Père de Chartres 2 (1840): 471-476, 483-486, 494-495. Lépinois Histoire de Chartres 1 (1854): /41. Etudes sur le Maine, Noblesse du Maine aux Crusades (1859): 49-50. Charles & Elbenne Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans (1886-1913): Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbve de la Sainte-Trinité di Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cix (arms of Guillaume Goet dated 1139: Mi-parti au 1er d'argent à deux chevrons de sable; au 2e trois chevrons brisés d'or), 24-27, 78-79, 104-106. Merlet Inventaire-sommaire des Archives départementales anterieures (11790: Eure-et-Loir, Archives Ecclésiastiques, Serie H 8 (1897): 161. Souancé & Métais Saint-Denis de Nogent-le-Rotrou 1031-1789: Histoire et Cartulaire (1899): LVII-LIX, 103-104 (charter of Guillaume Gouet junior son of Guillaume Gouet dated c.1125), 104-106 (charter dated c.1125 naming Guillaume [Gouet] junior, son of Eustachie wife of [Guillaume] Gouet, and his wife, Mabel), 164-166. Bulls. de la Societé Dunoise Archeologie, Histoire, Sciences & Arts 10 (1904): 171-188. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.663, XIII.1014. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Child of Mabel of England, by Guillaume Gouet: a. GUILLAUME GOUET, seigneur of Montmirail, married ISABELLE (or ELIZABETH) OF BLOIS, Duchess of Apulia [see DONZY 4]. vi. CONSTANCE OF ENGLAND, married ROSCELIN DE BEAUMONT, Vicomte of Beaumont-en-Maine [see BEAUMONT 3]. vii. ALINE OF ENGLAND, married MATHIEU DE MONTMORENCY, seigneur of Montmorency [see LEICESTER 3 {sic: MONTMORENCY 3}]. v. SIBYL OF ENGLAND, married ALEXANDER I, King of Scots [see SCOTLAND 1.v], younger son of Malcolm III (Ceannmor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for his parentage]. He was born about 1077. They had no issue. By an unknown mistress, he had an illegitimate son, Malcolm. He became King of Scotland in 1107 on the death of his elder brother, Edgar, King of Scots. He and his wife, Sibyl, founded the monastery of Scone in Perthshire in 1113-14. He was also a benefactor to Durham and Dunfermline. He invaded Wales in summer 1114, in cooperation with King Henry I of England. His wife, Sibyl, died suddenly at Loch Tay 12 July 1122. ALEXANDER I, King of Scots, died at Stirling 23 April 1124, and was buried before the great altar at Dunfermline, Fife near his father. Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: “VII. Kal. Mali [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "VI. Id. Jul. [10 July] Ob. Sibilla Regina Scottorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Turnbull Extracta E Variis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 68 (Extracts ex Cronicis Scocie sub A.D. 1122: "Sibilla, illustris regine Scocie, uxor regis Alexandri, filia Henrici Beuclerk regis Anglie, apud Lochtay cellam canonicorum de Scona obiit anno Domini Moc.xxij"). Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis 2 (1849): 78 (sub A.D. 1123: "Alexander rex Scottorum, VII. kal. Maii [25 April], obiit."). Liber Ecclesie de Scone (1863): 1-3 (charter of Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl; charter witnessed by his nephew [nepos], Alexander, and by William, brother of the queen [frater regine]). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 3 (sub Kings of Scotland). Lawrie Early Scottish Charters prior to A.D. 1153 (1905): 28-30 (charter to Scone Priory dated c.1120 issued by Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl, "filia Henrici Regis Angliae"), 262. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 50-57. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.655, XIII.205. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 57. Duncan Kingship of the Scots 842-1292 (2002). Barrow Kingdom of the Scots (2003): 1541-56. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Oram David I: The King Who Made Scotland (2004). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 313 (Scotland ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I, by Isabel of Meulan, daughter of Robert of Meulan (or de Beaumont), Count of Meulan, by Isabel (or Elizabeth), daughter of Hugues le Grand Count of Crepy [see VERMANDOIS 5 for her ancestry]. Isabel de Meulan married (1st) Gilbert Fitz Gilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 6 Jan. 1147/8) [see PEMBROKE 3] and (2nd) Ralph Bluet, of Silchester, Hampshire and Lacock, Wiltshire (living 1167) [see PEMBROKE 3]. She was allegedly living in 1172. i. ISABEL OF ENGLAND. She and her mother, Countess Isabel, witnessed two undated charters of her half-brother, Richard Fitz Gilbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Her subsequent history is unknown. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 10 (1855): 261-263 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to the monks of Usk; charter witnessed by Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter, Ralph Bloet, and Walter Bloet). C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 361 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Gilbert to Goldcliff Priory; charter witnessed by Isabel the earl's mother and Isabel his sister). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-102 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke) ("Actually there is no reasonable doubt that Isabel [de Meulan]s daughter bore her mother's name, lived with her after the elder Isabel's marriage, and continued to do so after her step-father's death. For the first two witnesses to the 2nd Earl of Pembroke's charter for Usk are the Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter; and in the charter for Goldcliff Priory the first two witnesses are Isabel the Earl's mother and Isabel the Earl's sister. There is no evidence that she ever married."); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.657. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Alleged but unlikely daughter of King Henry I: i. EMMA OF ENGLAND, married GUY DE LAVAL, seigneur of Laval. Hollister Henry 1(2001): 228 ("Bertrand de Brousillon, La Maison de Laval, 1: 79: 'on pretend meme que l’abbaye de Clermont aurait conserve longtemps une tombe sur laquelle on lisait EMMA ANGLORUM REGIS FILIA DOMINAQUE LAVALLENSIS.' The author dismisses this tradition on the grounds that Robert of Torigny omits 'Emma' from his list of Henry's daughters, but the list is by no means complete. Emma is absent from the list of Henry I's illegitimate daughters in CP, 11, app. D, pp. 112-121.").”	de Tracy, William (I6408)
6036	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY nicknamed “Beauclerc,” King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Cotentin, 4th son, born in 1068 or 1069. He married (1st) 11 Nov. 1100 MAUD OF SCOTLAND, daughter of Malcolm III (CeannMor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for her parentage]. She was born in 1079. They had one son, William, and one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, died at Westminster 1 May 1118. He married (2nd) at Windsor, Berkshire 29 Jan. 1121 ALICE (or AELIZ, ALEIDE, ALEYDA, AELIDIS, ADELIDE, ADELIDIS, ADELAIDIS, ADELIZA, ADELIZE, ATHELICE) OF LOUVAIN, daughter of Gottfried (or Godefroy) I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Louvain, by his 1st wife, Ida, daughter of Otto II, Count of Chiny. She was born about 1103. They had no issue. By various mistresses, he had eight illegitimate sons, Robert [Earl of Gloucester], Richard, Fulk, Reynold [Earl of Cornwall], Robert, Gilbert, William de Tracy, and Henry, and nine illegitimate daughters, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Rotrou II, Count of Perche), Alice, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Conan III, Duke of Brittany), Juliane (wife of Eustache de Pacy, seigneur of Breteuil and Pacy), Mabel (wife of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail), Constance (wife of Roscelin de Beaumont), Aline (wife of Mathieu de Montmorency), Sibyl (wife of Alexander I, King of Scots), and Isabel.* HENRY I, King of England died at Lyons-la-Forêt (near Rouen), Normandy 1 Dec. 1135, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. His widow, Alice, married (2nd) after Dec. 1136 but later than summer 1139 WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, Earl of Lincoln, afterwards 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), hereditary Chief Butler of England, Privy Councillor to King Henry I [see CLIFTON 3]. They had four sons, William [2nd Earl of Arundel or Sussex], Reiner, Henry, and Godfrey, and two daughters, Alice (wife of Jean I, Count of Eu and Alvred de Saint Martin) and Olive. He was a witness to King Stephen's 2nd Charter of Liberties in 1136. He was created Earl of Lincoln c.1138. He gave shelter to Empress Maud at Arundel Castle in 1139, but afterwards adhered to King Stephen. His earldom was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex before Christmas 1141. In his own later charters he is styled Earl of Chichester. About 1145 he witnessed a charter of Henry Hussey as "Consul Willelmo de Cicesterr." His wife, Alice, presented to the prebend of West Dean in 1150. Alice, dowager Queen of England, died as a nun at Affligem Abbey in Brabant 25 (or 26) March 1151, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. He was influential in arranging the treaty of 1153, whereby the Crown continued with King Stephen for life, though the inheritance thereof was secured to Henry II. He subscribed his name to this instrument as "Comes Cicestrie." By grant dated c.1155, King Henry II confirmed to him as "William, Earl of Arundel" the Castle of Arundel, with the whole honour of Arundel and all its appurtenances. He served as Joint Ambassador to France and to the Pope in 1163/4. He served as Chief Ambassador with Princess Maud to Germany in 1168. He was appointed joint Commander of the royal army in Normandy in 1173. In Sept. 1173 he assisted in the defeat near Bury St. Edmunds of the Earl of Leicester. He founded Buckenham Abbey, Norfolk and Pynharn Priory, Sussex. WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), died at Waverley Abbey, Surrey 4 (or 12) October 1176, and was buried at Wymondham Priory, Norfolk. [Footnote *: In 1824 the Scottish historian Chalmers stated that King Henry I of England had an illegitimate daughter, Elizabeth, who married Fergus, lord of Galloway (died 1161). [see Chalmers Caledonia 3 (1824): 250, footnote k ("Fergus [lord of Galloway] ... was a prince of some note, even at the court of Henry I. of England, is certain : as he took to wife, according to the heralds, genealogists, and chroniclers, Elizabeth, the natural daughter of Henry I.")]. Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway), however, debunked Chalmers' statement, noting that the authorities quoted by Chalmers "do not bear out his assertion." Even so, other secondary sources have continued to repeat Chalmers' unfounded claim: See, for example, Mackenzie History of Galloway (1841): 167-172 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England"); Anderson Scottish Nation 2 (1862): 195 ("Fergus, lord of Galloway ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England ..."); M'Kerlie Galloway in Ancient & Modern Times (1891): 155 ("It is necessary to repeat here that Fergus married Elizabeth, the natural daughter of King Henry I. of England."); Maxwell Hist. of Dumfries & Galloway (1896): 47-48 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, natural daughter of Henry I., and sister of Sibilla, who married Alexander I., brother of David."); Ramsay Angevin Empire (1903): 90, footnote 7 ("Gunfrith [i.e., Godred] was son of Olaf, by Afreca, daughter of Fergus of Galloway, by 'Elisabeth,' reputed natural daughter of Henry I."); Oram Lordship of Galloway (2000): 60; Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Barrow Robert Bruce (1965): 36, footnote 2 notes that "Roger Howden calls Uchtred son of Fergus of Galloway a cousin of King Henry II (Gesta Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Ser., i, 80)," a relationship which Professor Barrow states "is best explained on the supposition that Fergus married a bastard daughter of Henry I." However, given that King Henry II of England had a Scottish grandmother, a more likely explanation of the kinship between the Galloway and English royal families is that the wife of Fergus was near related to the Scottish royal family, possibly being a sister of William Fitz Duncan, whose grandfather was Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots [died 1093]. This arrangement would make Uchtred son of Fergus and King Henry II of England related in the 3rd degree of kindred (or second cousins).] D'Achery Spicilegium 10 (1671): 612-613 (Continuatio Chronici Afflegemiensis: "Filia præfati Ducis Aleidis juncta matrimonio Regi Angliæ, post obitum secundi con jugis Afflegemiensis Claustri solitudinem ad reliquum vitæ ad humandum corpus elegit in domo turti Ecclesiæ contigua, cum una aut akera ancilla in Fratrum Afflegemiensiurn quieta taciturna multitudine solitaria habitavit, & beato fine quievit, de qua epitaphium: Aleidis Regina Anglim, filia Ducis Godefridi cum barba, Regnum suscepit in Anglia an MCXXI. obiit 9 Kal. Maii [23 April], sepulta è regione horologii nostri."). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 30 (Kalendar of Obits: "IIII Non. December [2 December]. Obitus Henrici Regis."). Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 32-34. Morice Mémoires pour servir de Preuves à l'Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne 1 (1742): 130 (Extract of Cronicle of Robert, Abbot of Mont Saint Michel: "Anno 1135. Obiit Henricus I. Rex Anglorum in prima die Decembris, cum regnasset annis 35. & 4 mensibus."). Brequigny & Mouchet Table Chronologique des Diplômes, Chartes, Titres ... concernant l’Histoire de France 3 (1783): 236 (charter dated c.1155 of Alice Queen of the English [Adelaidis reginæ Anglorum]). Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: Kal. Maii [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 218 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "IV. Non. Dec. [2 December] Ob Henricus Rex Anglorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Norrnands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXI)). Tierney Hist. & Antiqs. of the Castle & Town of Arundel 1 (1834): 169-179. Michel Histoire des Ducs de Normandie et des Rois D'Angleterre (1840): 69 ("Li rois Henrie, quant la roine Mehaus fu morte, prist à feme Aalis, la fille Godefroi le duc de Louvaing, la cousine Wistasse [Eustace] de Bouloigne; mais n'en ot nul enfant. Si ot-il de bas .vj. Ills et .vij. fines"). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 135-211 (biog. of Matilda of Scotland), 212-256 (biog. of Adelicia of Louvaine). Barrett Memorials of the parochial Church ... in the Parish of Attleborough (1848): 12-41. Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis 2 (1849): 74 (Maud [of Blois], Countess of Chester, styled "niece" to King Henry I of England [neptis regis1). Ordericus Vitalis Ecclesiastical Hist. of England & Normandy 3 (1854): 482 (Roger Fitz Roger and Walter d'Aufay [Aufai] styled "cousins" to King Henry I at Battle of Bremule in 1119 by Ordericus Vitalis). Arch. Journal 20 (1863): 283 ("Adeliza appears to have used the identical matrux of the seal which had belonged to the first queen of Henry I., the name-Aalidis-having been substituted for Matli[Idis), 287-288 (charter of Queen Alice [Aelidis regina] ... There is appended ... a pointed oval seal of white wax .... device, a female figure standing ... The legend is + SIGILLVM • AALIDIS • SECVND[AE • DE]I • GRACIA • REGINAE • ANGLIE.), 288-289 (charter of Queen Alice [A. Dei gracia Regina]); 22 (1865): 152-153 (charter of William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Lincoln; charter names Queen Alice his wife [regina Adelidis]). Sussex Arch. Colls. 15 (1863): 112-113. Luard Annales Monastici 1 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1864): 14 (Margam Annals sub 1151: "Obiit Adelidis, regina secunda Henrici regis."); 3 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1866): 433 (Bermondsey Annals sub A.D. 1121: "Hoc anno rex Henricus primus duxit Adelizam, filiam ducis Lovaniae, in uxorem, tertio nonas Februarii [3 February]."). Burke Gen. Hist, of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited & Extinct Peerages (1866): 2-3 (sub Albini, Earls of Arundel). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. (1867): 21-33 ("In the Register of the Priory of Bromhale, we find the record of his death under the date of the 4th day of October, 22nd of Henry II (A.D. 1176), in the following words, `obiit Willielmus Comes Arundel' (no mention of Sussex or Chichester), et `sepultus est in prioratus de Wymondham.’"). Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptorum 20 (1868): 67 (Orderic Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, Liber X: Roger Fitz Richard [de Clare) styled "kinsman" [cognatus) of King Henry I of England). Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104-108 (discusses evidence that King Henry I had an illegitimate daughter, Maud (or Mathilde)/Almodis, who was Abbess of Montivilliers). Ellis Antiqs. of Heraldry (1869): 206-207 (Aubigny ped.). Lower Compendious Hist. of Sussex 1 (1870): 70 (Robert de Haia, founder of Boxgrove Priory, styled "king's kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry I). Delisle Delisle Chronique de Robert de Tongni 1 (1872): 215 (sub A.D. 1139: "Invitarerat enim eos Willermus de Albinneio, qui duxerat Aeliz quondam reginam, quæ habebat castellum et comitatum Hardundel, quod rex Henricus dederat ei in dote."); 2 (1873): 63-64 ("Cessit etiam in fata Willermus de Albineio, quem vocabant comitem d'Arundel, relinquens filios quatuor, scilicet Guillermum de Albineio pritnogenitum, et alios tres natos ex Aeliza regina, uxore primi Henrici regis Anglorum."). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1874): 298 (sub 1176: "comes etiam Willelmus de Arundel obiit quarto idus Octobris [12 October] apud Waverle, et sepultus eat apud Wimundham, cellam scilicet ecclesiæ Sancti Albani, cujus cellæ patronus fuisse dinoscitur."). Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Obiit autem Matildis regina Anglia anno regni sui xviiio, kalendis Maii [1 May], et apud Radingas sepulta est."). Merlet Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cviii (arms of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy dated 1115: D'argent au cavalier d'azur). D.N.B. 1 (1885): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1(1886): 66 (sub Arundel). Raine Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1886): 169 (History of the Four Archbishops by Hugh the Chantor - King Henry I and Pope Calixtus II were kinsmen: "Nam præter spiritualem patris et filii relationem, carnali consanguinitate propinqui erant, quorum avus et avia frater et soror fuerunt." (Note: Pope Calixtus II was a younger son of William I, Count of Burgundy, whose mother Alice was daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 5-8 (seal of King Henry I - Obverse. King, seated in majesty, in an undercoat with sleeves tight at wrists, and loose skirts reaching below knees; and long flowing cloak fastened at throat and spreading out behind, which has a border, with indications of a fur of symmetrical pattern. On the head a cap-shaped crown, with three fleurs-de-lis, one at top and one at either side, and two chin-straps hanging loosely at sides, the ends having buckles in shape of trefoils. In right hand, extended outwards from elbow, a sword is held almost perpendicularly. In left hand, similarly extended, an orb, ensigned with a long cross pattee pommettee. Throne, apparently square, and closely resembling that of William II.; the centre curves with a bold cusp inwards, with a string-course, and is the narrowest part. In lower of two compartments thus made, is a footboard, not enough remaining to show original size. On throne a flat cushion with square edge, carrying at each end a hemispherical ornament, intended for pillow. Reverse. King, hauberk of chain-mail; conical helmet, having a blunt point at crown of head, and perhaps armed with projecting nose-piece; single pointed spur of goad form; long lance to which is attached a banner, charged with cross moline, and three pairs of waving streamers. No indication of sword. In left hand, held by interior strap, a kite-shaped shield, seen from within. The horse is walking to the right hand, caparisoned with breast-band, which is ornamented by five globular pendants equi-distant. Saddle of small dimensions; with stirrups. The loosely gathered reins are held up in left hand, which also sustains shield. Legend: + HENRIC' D... ... ...). Round "An Unknown Mistress of Henry I." in Eng. Hist. Rev. 5 (1890): 745-746. Luard Flores Historiarum 2 ((Rolls Ser.) 1890): 69 ("Anno gratix MCLIo [1151]. Obiit Adelicia regina, uxor regis Stephani;" the editor notes that the name "Stephani" is erased in Ch. and altered to "Henrici I."). Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (Docs. sur la Province du Perche 3rd Ser. 2) (1894): 40-43. Recueil des Historiens des Castles et de la France 23 (1894): 471 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: "25 Mart. Obiit Adelicia regina."), 476 (Ex Necrologio Monasterii Crucis Sancti Leufredi: "25 Mart. [Obiit] Adeliza, regina Anglorum."), 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Mali. [Obiit] Matildis, regina Anglorum."), 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "12 Oct. [Obiit] Guillelmus, comes de Arundel."), 581 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Dec. [Obiit] Henricus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum."). Napier & Stevenson Crawford Coll. of early Charters & Docs. now in the Bodleian library (1895): 31 (William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Chichester dated c.1150; charter names his wife, Queen Alice [regina Adelide]). Bradshaw Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral Pt. 2 (1897): (obits. in the odd volume of the great Latin Bible), ccxxxviii (2 May - "Matildis regina uxor Henrici regis."), ccxlii (2 Dec. - "Henricus, pacificus rex Anglorum."). Trans. East Herts Arch. Soc. 1(1) (1901): 129-135 (charter of Queen Alice widow of King Henry I dated 1136 [Adelidis regina uxor nobillisimi regis Henrici & filia Godefridi ducis lotharingie]. C.C.R. 1227-1231 (1902): 530 (confirmation of gift of Alice, formerly Queen of England). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 316 (Abbaye de Saint-Denis: "kal. Maius [1 May] Ob. Matildis, Anglorum regina [1118]."), 523 (Prieure de Longpont: "kaL maii. [1 May] [obit.] Maltidis, Anglorum regina [1118]."). Warner & Ellis Facsimiles of Royal & Other Charters in the British Museum 1 (1903): #14 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Lincoln dated c.1139-40; charter names his wife, Queen Adeleidis), #27 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Chichester dated 1151-2; charter names his wife, Queen Athelice). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 1-2 (sub Kings of Scotland). Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 25-34. Eng. Hist. Rev. 21(1906): 505-509. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 2 (1906): 241 (Obituaire of Prieure de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan: "Henricus, rex Anglorum, frater noster, III nonas decembris [3 Dec.] [1135]."), 661 (Nécrologe of Abbaye de Saint-Jean-en-Vallée: 12 Dec.] IIII non. Obiit Henricus, Anglorum rex [1135], ecclesiarum amator praecipuus."). Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway) ("[Fergus, lord of Galloway] is said to have married Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of King Henry I. of England, but the authorities quoted by Chalmers, who makes the statement, do not bear out his assertion."). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Urseau Cartulaire Moir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (1908): 167-168 (charter of King Henry I dated c.1111=20). Gomme Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1909): 217 (sub A.D. 1100: Maud of Scotland, 1st wife of King Henry I, styled "kinswoman to king Edward [the Confessor] and of the true royal race of England."), 239-240 (sub A.D. 1127: Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone], Abbot of Saint-Jean of Angély (in Poitou), afterwards Abbot of Peterborough styled "kinsman" [mæi] of [Henry I] King of England and [Guillaume] Count of Poitou) [see also Earle and Plummer Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel 1 (1892): 257; English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-5601. CP. 1 (1910): 233-235, 237 (chart) (sub Arundel); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Round King's Serjeants & Officers of State (1911): 140-165. English Hist. Rev. 34 (1919): 303-382. Farrer Outline Itinerary of King Henry 1 (1920). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) XI 112. Rübel-Blass (1939) 257 (biographical information). G.H. White "Henry I's Illegitimate Children," in C.P. 11 (1949), Appendix D, 105-121. Leys Sandford Cartulary 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 22) (1941): 216. Johnson et al. Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066-1154 2 (1956): 148 (John [son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent], a royal chaplain, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of King Henry I of England in charter dated 1117-19). C.R.R. 12 (1957): 157-158 (Sibyl de Falaise, wife of Baldwin de Bolers, styled "kinswoman" [nepte] of King Henry I of England). Stenton First Century of English Feudalism, 1066-1166 (1961). Davis King Stephen (1967): 137 ("[King] Stephen recognized three successive earls of Lincoln ... The first was William d'Aubigny pincerna who married Queen Adeliza, widow of King Henry I, and in her right became lord of the honour and castle of Arundel. He styles himself William Earl of Lincoln in three charters in which his identity is proved by references to his wife. They are in favour of Lewes Priory and the abbeys of Reading and Affligem-and in the case of Affligem there is also a charter of Adeliza referring to her husband as earl of Lincoln (Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville 3245; Warner and Ellis, Facsimiles, no. 14; E. de Marneffe, Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Affligem in Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclesiastique de la Belgique, 2o section, pp. 104,106). In royal charters it is usually impossible to distinguish him from his successor, William de Roumare, since the normal style of both was Willelmus comes de Lincolnia, or (before he was an earl) from his father, William d'Aubignypincerna, who died before June 1139 (Reg. iii. 973). If Robert de Torigny is right (Chronicles iv. 137) William had married Adeliza by September 1139, and it is tempting to assume that it was on his marriage that he was made earl of Lincoln, his connection with that county being that his mother, Maud Bigod, was a grand-daughter, and possible co-heiress, of Robert de Tosny of Belvoir. We do not know precisely when he was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex, but it was certainly by Christmas 1141 when he attested a charter as Comite Willelmo de Sudsexa (Reg. iii. 276)."). Chibnall Ecclesiastical Hist. of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80): 317 (Vol. VI, Book XII - Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone] styled "kinsman" [cognato] of King Henry I of England) [see English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-560]. Albion 10 (1978): 330-340. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 95 (sub Hainault, Brabant); 2 (1984): 81 (sub England); 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Chibnall Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166 (1986). Green Government of England under Henry 1(1986). Hollister Monarchy, Magnates, & Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World (1986). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 1 (Camden Soc. 4th Ser. 31) (1986): 301, 369, 476. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.1.423, XII.371, X11.644-X11.645, XIII.207. Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 136 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "7 Kal. [Apr.] [26 March]. Obiit Atheliza regina."), 130 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit Rex Anglorum Henricus primus."), 146 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit rex Anglorum Henricus i."). Haskins Soc. Jour. 7 (1995): 101-116. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35, 57. Scottish Hirt. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I Pt 2 (List and Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 143 (confirmation c. 1172/81 of grant made by Queen Adela) (original published in Jour. of British Architetural Assoc. 17: 312). Scottish Hist. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Harper-Bill Anglo-Norman Studies XXI (1999): 145-168. Bartlett England under the Norman & Angevin Kings 1075-1225 (2000). Hollister Henry 1(2001). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.), 313 (Scotland ped.). Weller Die Heiratspolitik des deutschen Hochadels im 12. Jahrhundert (2004): 464-4.76 (biog. of Königin Adelheid von England) ("On page 476, Weller states: "Seine Gattin Adelheid von Lowen, die ehemalige Konigin von England, war schon 1151 wahrend des Bürgerkrieges verschieden und wurde in Reading beigesetzt ... Der Begräbnisort Kgn. Adelheids geht aus einem Schreiben Jocelins v. Löwen an Bf. Hilarius v. Chichester eindeutig hervor, vgl. Reading Abbey Cartularies 1, No. 551, 416E; s.a. Bartlett, England 596. Nicht stichhaltig ist demgegeniiber die van Sanderus, Chorographia 1, 45, verbreitete Nachricht, wonach Adelheid vor ihrem Tod in ihre Heimat übergesiedelt und im Kloster Afflighem gestoren and begraben sei; heirnach auch John Horace Round in dem Art.: Adeliza of Louvain, in DNB 1(1885): 137f.; Complete Peerage 1, 235. Allerdings ist Kgn. Adelheid als Wohltäterin von Afflighem aufgetreten unde hat dem Kloster einigen Besitz in England gestiftet; vgl. Cart. Afflighem, No. 79, 121-124 (hier 122)."). Verbeke Medieval Narrative Sources (2005): 21-36. Fleming Henry I & the Anglo-Norman World: Studies in Memory of C. Warren Hollister (2006). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006). Children of King Henry I of England, by Maud of Scotland: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, son and heir apparent, born in 1103. As his father's destined successor, he received the homage of the Normans barons in 1115, and that of the English witan in 1116. He married at Lisieux in May 1119 MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ANJOU, daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou. He was with his father at the Battle of Bremule in 1119. Early in 1120 King Louis of France invested him with the duchy of Normandy. He was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 160 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1120: "Willelmus filius Henrici Regis, & Ricardus frater ejus & Ricardus Comes de Cestria cum multis Nobilibus naufragio perierunt.”). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. D.N.B. 21(1909): 337 (biog. of William, son of Henry I, King of England). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 81 (sub England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.644. Caenegem English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I 1 (Selden Soc. 106) (1990): 180-181, 192-193, 213-214. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.). ii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, married (1st) HEINRICH V, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor; (2nd) GEOFFREY V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy [see next]. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by an unknown mistress, (possibly a member of the Bohun family): i. ROBERT FITZ ROY, Earl of Gloucester, married MABEL FITZ ROBERT [see GLOUCESTER 3]. Illegitimate sons of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Ansfride, widow of Anskill, a knight who was a tenant of Abingdon Abbey: i. RICHARD FITZ ROY, born before 1101. He served against the French in 1119, and was captured at Les Andelys. He was set free with his comrades by King Louis, because they had taken sanctuary in the church of Notre Dame du Grand Andely. Later the same year he was with his father at the Siege of Evreux and the Battle of Brémule. In Sept. 1119 he was sent to raise the Siege at Bréteuil. He was betrothed to Amice de Gael, daughter of Raoul, seigneur of Gael in Brittany and Bréteuil in Normandy. He was drowned immediately afterwards in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Amice subsequently married Robert of Meulan, 1st Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 6]. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Alium quoque habuit filium Ricardum, et cessavit parere... Navis enim infausta qun regis gestabat filios Willelrnum et Ricardum, submersa est, periitque in scopulis Barbefluvii."). C.P. 7 (1929): 527-530 (sub Leicester); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.646. Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni 2 (1992): 248-249 (Robert de Torigny: "Ricardus autem, huius comitis uno de patre frater, cum fratre suo Willelmo in sepedicto naufiagio periit."). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. FULK FITZ ROY. Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(II.647. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Sibyl Corbet: i. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall, Sheriff of Devon, 1173-5. He married in 1140 MABEL FITZ WILLIAM, daughter of William Fitz Richard, of Cornwall. They had one son, Nicholas, and four daughters, Denise (wife of Richard de Redvers, Earl of Devon), Maud, Sarah (wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges), and Emme (wife of Guy V de Laval, seigneur of Laval). By a mistress, Beatrice de Valle (or Vaux) (afterwards wife of William Briwerre, Knt.), he had an illegitimate son, Henry Fitz Count. By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, William. He was granted the lands of William, Earl of Mortain, amounting to 215-1/2 fees in Devon and Cornwall. He was created Earl of Cornwall about April 1141. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, were recognized by contemporaries as "the most powerful men in the kingdom." His wife, Mabel, fell into insanity in the 1140s. He witnessed a charter of Henry d'Oilly in the period, 1114-47. In 1153 he witnessed the agreement between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy [afterwards King Henry II]. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, acted as intermediary between the king and Thomas Becket at Northampton in 1164. He played a major part in opposing the rebels of 1173-4 in England. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall died 1 July 1175, allegedly at Chertsey, Surrey, and was buried at Reading, Berkshire. Dugdale Baronage (1675): 702 (sub Briwere) ("[William Briwere] having married Beatrix de Valle, a Concubine, as 'tis said, to Reginald Earl of Cornwall (which is probable, for in a Grant made by Henry Son to the same Reginald [Earl of Cornwall], unto this William [Briwere], of the Mannor of Karswell, and Land of Hakford, he calls him his Brother")) [Note: Dugdale evidently intended to say that Henry Fitz Count's brother was William Briwere the younger, as it was William Briwere the elder was the husband of his mother, Beatrice de Valle]. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 6, 98 (undated charter of Reynold son of King Henry to William de Botreaux son of Alice Corbet his aunt [matertera]; charter witnessed by his son, Nicholas; his nephews/kinsmen [nepotibus], Ralph and Richard, and his brother, William), 112. Topographer 2 (1790): 288-291. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 2 (1836 11): 239-240 (Bruere or Briwere ped.). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 163 ("Deditque ibidem Hereberto filio Hereberti, et Willelmo fratri comitis Reginaldi, et Joelllano de la Pumerai, nepoti eorum, regnum be Limeric pro servitio sexaginta militum"), 172 ("Nam Herbertus, et Willelmus, fratres Reginaldi comitis Cornubiae, et Joellanus de Purnetia nepos eorum, regnum illud havere noluerunt; sed illud reddiderunt domino regi et Johanni filio suo liberum et quietum ab omni calurnnia eorum"). Le Fizelier Mémoire chronologique de Maucourt de Bourjolly sur la Ville de Laval 1 (1886): 136-142. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-253 (William brother of Earl Reynold [Willelmus frater Comitis Reginaldi] held 1/2 knight's fee of Robert Fitz Roy in 1166), 261-262 (William brother of the Earl [Willelmus frater Comitis] held four knight's fees Reynold, Earl of Cornwall in 1166). Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 455-456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 34. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 75. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Colls. Hist. Staffs. 1924 (1926): 9, 219. English Hist. Rev. 62 (1947): 352-377 (charter of William de Marsh brother of Reynold Earl of Cornwall [Willelmus de Marisco frater Reginaldi comitis Cornubie]). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II], later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Minor & Butler eds. Letters of John of Salisbury 1 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1955): 162-163. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987): 9-10 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1154-65), 10-11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1146-55), 11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 195-196 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1165-75, witnessed by his son, Nicholas), 196-197 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 197-198 (two confirmation charters of King Henry II of England naming his "uncle" [avunculus] Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, one dated c.1174-5, the other dated c.1174-6). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(11.651, X111.996-1000. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Hollister Henry 1(2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart).Cornwall Rec. Office: Borough of Truro, BTRU/1 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1161-66) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, by Mabel Fitz William: a. MAUD OF CORNWALL, married ROBERT II, Count of Meulan [see VERMANDOIS 7]. Illegitimate child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, allegedly by Beatrice de Valle: a. HENRY FITZ COUNT, of Liskeard, Cornwall and King's Kerswell, Devon, Constable of Totnes Castle, 1209, Governor of Portchester Castle, 1211, Sheriff of Cornwall, 1215, 1217-20, Constable of Launceston Castle and Warden of the Stanneries, 1215. In 1194 he was granted the manors of Liskeard, Cornwall and Diptford and King's Kerswell, Devon by the king. In 1196 he witnessed the Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by his alleged step-father, Sir William Briwerre. In 1215 he had a grant of the county of Cornwall from King John, to farm until the realm should be at peace. The grant was renewed by King Henry III 7 Feb. 1216/7. He resigned the county to the king in 1220, when he took the cross. HENRY FITZ COUNT died a crusader in 1222. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Hunter Catalogue of the MSS in the library of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn (1838): 13. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(2) (1846): 924 (Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by William Briwer). Oliver Monasticon Dioecesis Exoniensis (1846): 174 (charter of Henry son of Reynold Earl of Cornwall; charter granted for the souls of his brothers and his mother), 179, 183. Trans. Exeter Diocesan Architectural & Arch. Soc. 2nd Ser. 1 (1867): 133-134. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 31(1870): 5. Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 21. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 9 (1902): 295-296 ("But Reginald de Dunstanville [i.e., Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall] had also by Beatrix de Valle (who afterwards became the wife of William Brewer, the judge of Henry II. and one of the regents of Richard I.) an illegitimate son named Henry FitzCount (sometimes FitzHenry), who became in after years also Earl of Cornwall."). Genealogist n.s. 20 (1904): 10-11. C.P. 3 (1913): 430 (sub Cornwall). Painter Reign of King John (1949): 231, 290, 348, 358-359. Hobbs Cartulary of Forde Abbey (Somerset Rec. Soc. 85) (1998): 116 (charter of Henry Fitz Count dated 1200-22; charter witnessed by William Brewer). North Devon Rec. Office: Chichester of Arlington, 50/11/29/3 (confirmation of a gift of land dated early 13th Cent. from Henry son of Earl Reginald to William de Tracy of all his land of Wollecombe [in Mortehoe] and Boklande, Devon, which William and his ancestors held of Henry and his ancestors, lords of Bradneys, as the charter of Hugh Ruffus testifies. To have and to hold to the aforesaid William, his heirs and assigns, of Henry and his heirs for ever, rendering all due and customary services. Seal of Henry son of Earl Reginald - Round, natural wax, armorial, surrounded by legend giving name of owner, chipped. The arms on shield resemble those of Courtenay family, but the Courtenays did not become Earls till 14th Cent.) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Henry III Fine Rolls Project (Baldekin styled "kinsman" of H[enry] Fitz Count in a fine roll item dated 1220; by whom he was earlier granted lands in Cornwall formerly held by Robert de Tintagel) (available at www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_015.html). Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith, daughter of Forne son of Sigulf, lord of Greystoke, Cumberland. Edith subsequently married ROBERT D'OILLY, of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, Constable of Oxford Castle. They had two sons, Henry and Gilbert. He and his wife, Edith, founded Oseney Priory near Oxford in 1129. Robert d'Oilly died in Sept. 1142. Sometime in the period, c.1145-56, his widow, Edith, granted a toft in Huggate and 68-1/2 acres in the fields there to the poor of the Hospital of St. Peter, York. Leys Sandford Cartulary 1 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 19) (1938): 50 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith), 92 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated before June 1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith, and his son, Henry). Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 505-508, 510 (charter of Edith wife of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1145-56), 510-511 (charter of Henry d'Oilly dated c.1145-56; charter witnessed by his wife, Maud), 518-519. Hedley Northumberland Fares. (1968): 233. i. ROBERT FITZ ROY. He held land in Devonshire in 1130. He witnessed a charter of his step-father, Robert d'Oilly, in the period, ?1130-35. He supported his half-sister, Empress Maud, in the Civil War. In the period, 1144-7, he witnessed a charter of his half-brother, Henry d'Oilly. In 1146-7 he witnessed a charter of Empress Maud and her son, Henry. About 1150 he granted 10 pounds of land in his manor of Wantage, Berkshire to the church of Oseney, with the counsel of Henry d'Oilly his half-brother. Sometime in the period, 1153-67, he witnessed a charter of Wigan of Wallingford. He married before 1162 MAUD D'AVRANCHES, widow of William de Courcy (or ?Geoffrey de Crimes?), and daughter of Robert d'Avranches, by ___, daughter of Gelduin de Dol. They had one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, was heiress of Richard Fitz Baldwin. In 1162 he granted St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter two ferlings of land in his manor of Calvalegie juxta Cobbalegiam, together with a man named Edwium son of Wranhi; charter was granted with with the consent of his wife, Maud d'Avranches. ROBERT FITZ ROY died 31 May 1172. His widow, Maud, died 21 Sept. 1173. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farms of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Coll. Top. et Gen. 1 (1834): 188 ("C. Rob[er]ti filii Henrici Regis per concessionem Mathildis, filiz Roberti de Avrenchis et heredis Ricardi filii Baldewini, dans totam vincam quam Rob'tus fil. Baldewini et Ricardus fester ejus Eccl. S.N. dederunt."), 382 (charter dated 1162 of Robert son of King Henry, granted with consent of Maud d'Avranches his wife [Robertus filius Regis Henrici, assensu Matillidis de Abrinco uxoris meae to St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter). Dugdale Monasticon Anglican = 5 (1846): 377-382 (Ford Abbey, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia: "Obijt denique vir ejus secundus, dominus Robertus filius regis Henrici anno Domini M.clxxii. pridie calendas Junii [31 May], et post ipsum vicecomitissa Matildis, itaque de Aubrincis ut prius nuncupata, undecimo calendas Octobris [21 Sept.] anno Domini M.clxxiii. et regni regis Henrici secundi 19."); 6(1) (1830): 253 (charter of Robert son of King Henry [Robertus Henrici regis filius]; charter names his [half-]brother [fratris], Henry d'Oilly). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Priory of Hexham 1 (Surtees Soc. 64) (1864): 138 (Chronicle of John, Prior of Hexham: "Emissi sunt autem ducenti milites cum Rodberto, filio Edae et Henrici Regis notho, et Johanne Marascaldo ...."). Freeman Reign of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 723. Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): 374 (charter of Robert son of King Henry dated c.1150). Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 3 (1881): 1-3. Maitland Bracton's Note Book 2 (1887): 137-138 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that he was the son of Hawise, the first born daughter of Maud d'Avranches; Hawise's sister, Maud de Courtenay, who was the plaintiff in the lawsuit, in turn testified that the said Hawise was the daughter of Geoffrey de Crimes (or Crunes, Cruues), the 1st husband of Maud d'Avranches), 404-405; 3 (1887): 450-452 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that his mother, Hawise, was the daughter of William de Curcy, husband of Maud d'Avranches). Notes & Gleanings 2 (1889): 50-56. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-254 (list of knights fees held by Robert Fitz Roy in 1166). Note-book of Tristram Risdon (1897): 53-56. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 73, 75, 101-102. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Seversmith Colonial Fams. of Long Island New York & Connecticut 5 (1958): 2426-2428. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.650, XIII.995. Reedy Basset Charters c.1120 to 1250 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 50) (1995): 25-26 (charter dated 1146-7 of Empress Maud daughter of King Henry I and her son, Henry; charter witnessed by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and Robert Fitz Roy). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Fizzard Plympton Priory (2008): 62, footnote 26. Child of Robert Fitz Roy, by Maud d'Avranches: a. MAUD FITZ ROBERT, married REYNOLD DE COURTENAY, of Sutton, Berkshire [see COURTENAY 1]. ii. ALICE FITZ ROY. In the period, ?1130-35, she witnessed a charter of her step-father, Robert d'Oilly, and her mother, Edith. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 72-73 (Alice daughter of the king [Adeliza Lila Reg.] witness to charter of Robert d'Oilly, his wife, and son dated ?1130-35). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Nest, wife of Gerald of Windsor, Constable of Pembroke, and daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwt, Prince of South Wales: i. HENRY FITZ ROY, of Pembrokeshire. He was killed during King Henry II's invasion at Anglesea in 1157 or 1158. He married ___. They had two sons, Meiler Fitz Henry [Justiciar of Ireland] and Robert, and presumably one daughter, Amabilis Fitz Henry (wife of Walter de Ridelisford). Williams ab Ithel Annales Cambriaes (Rolls Ser.) (1860): 47 (sub A.D. 1158: "Henricus filius Geraldi occisus est, velut alii volunt, filius Henrici regis ..."). Dimock Geraldus Cambrensis: Itinerarium Kambrice, et Descriptio Kambriæ (Geraldus Cambrensis Opera 6) (Rolls Ser.) (1868): 130 (Date: A.D. 1157: "Fuerant autem duo nobiles viti, et ejus qui scripsit haec avunculi, cum aliis hue a rege transmissi: Henricus scilicet regis Henrici primi filius, et secundi avunculus, ex nobili Nesta, Resi filii Theodori filia, in australi Kambria Demetiae finibus oriundus; et Robertus Stephani filius, Henrici frater non germanus sed uterinus."), 130, footnote 2 ("The death of Henry, her [Nest's] son by [King] H[enryl I., in this attack on Anglesea, is placed by Brut under 1156, in Ann. Camb. under 1158. By the former he is called Henry son of King Henry; by the latter, Henry son of Girald, or, according to others, son of king Henry. He was the father of the famous Meiler, the great hero of the Irish invasion."). Gilbert Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin 1 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 30-31 (charter of Walter de Ridelisford to St. Mary's Abbey; charter granted with consent of his wife, Amabilis Fitz Henry and witnessed by Meiler Fitz Henry). Orpen Ireland under the Normans 1 (1911): 18 (ped. chart). Jour. Royal Soc. of Antiqs. Ireland 82 (1952): 46-61. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.656. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 298-299 (biog. of Meiler Fitzhenry). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith: i. MAUD (or MATHILDE, MAHAUT) OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 (as his 1st wife) ROTROU II “the Great,” Count of Perche, seigneur of Belleme, son and heir of Geoffroi, Count of Mortagne and Perche, by Beatrix, daughter of Count Hilduin, Count of Montdidier and Roucy. He was born about 1080. Her maritagium likely included the manors of Aldboume and Wanborough, Wiltshire. They had two daughters, Philippe and Felicie. During the 1st Crusade, he fought at the Siege of Nicaea in mid-1097. He commanded a division that broke out of Antioch in June 1098. He crusaded against the Muslims in Spain probably in 1108. In 1114 he aided his father-in-law, King Henry I, at the Siege of Belleme. At the request of his wife, Maud, a hide of land at Wanborough, Wiltshire was given to Lewes Priory. His wife, Maud, was drowned in the shipwreck of the White Ship 25 Dec. 1120. He was Governor of Tudela in Aragon and participated in campaigns in Aragon from 1123 until the mid-1130s. He returned to Perche by 1135. He married (2nd) before 1126 HAWISE OF SALISBURY, daughter of Walter of Salisbury (also known as Walter Fitz Edward), of Chitterne, Wiltshire, Great Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, North Aston, Oxfordshire, etc., hereditary Sheriff of Wiltshire, Constable of Salisbury Castle, by Sibyl, daughter of Patrick de Chaources (or Sourches) [see LONGESPEE 2 for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Geoffroi, Rotrou (III) [Count of Perche], and Etienne [Archbishop-elect of Palermo]. After King Henry I's death in 1135, he and his nephew, Richer de l'Aigle, extorted the castles of Moulins and Bonmoulins as the price for their support for King Stephen. In 1139 he was taken in the English king's pay and defeated the unruly knights of Breteuil. ROTROU II, Count of Perche, died 6 May 1144 at the Siege of the Towe of Rouen, he then being in the service of Empress Maud and her husband, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. His widow, Hawise, married (2nd) (as his 1st wife) ROBERT I, Count of Dreux and Braille [see DREUX 6], and, in right of his 1st wife, Count of Perche, seigneur of Bellème, younger son of Louis VI, King of France, by Alix, daughter of Humbert II, Count of Savoy and Maurienne [see FRANCE 5 for his ancestry]. They had one daughter, Alix (wife successively of Waleran III, seigneur of Breteuil, Guy II, seigneur of Châtillon-sur-Marne, Jean I, seigneur of Torote, Châtellain de Noyon, and Raoul I de Nesle, Count of Soissons). His wife, Hawise, died in 1152. Robert I, Count of Dreux and Braine, died 11 October 1188. Duchesne Histoire Généalogique de la Maison Royale de Dreux (1631): 13-42. Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 74-75 (sub Capetians), 423-425 (sub Comtes de Dreux). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Des Murs Hist. des Comtes du Perche de la Fam. des Rotrou (1856). Herald & Genealogist 3 (1866): 173-176. Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 255 (Genealogiæ Fusniacensis: "Rotaldus comes, prefati comitis filius, duxit filiam regis Anglie, de qua filiam procreavit. "). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 3940 (charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche, dated c.1119; charter witnessed by his sister [soror], Juliane, and her son, Richer), 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe). Money Hist. of the Ancient Town & Borough of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Boulais Receuil des Antiquitéz du Perche (1890). Romanet de Beaune Géographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (1894): 33-35. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 419 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "6 [Obiit] Rotrodos comes."). Lalizel Abbaye Royal d'Arcisses (Archives du Diocèse de Chartres 10) (1900): 3-10 (charters of Rotrou, Count of Perche). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. VCH Wiltshire 9 (1970): 174-186; 12 (1983): 67-86. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Traditio 41(1985): 145-179. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.649. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France (2002). Hollister Henry I (2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Power Norman Frontier in the Twelfth & Early Thirteenth Centuries (2004): 360-361. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Geoffrey Grossus Life of Blessed Bernard of Tiron (2009): 71, footnote 1. Child of Maud (or Mathilde) of England, by Rotrou II of Perche: a. PHILIPPE OF PERCHE, married HELIE OF ANJOU, Count of Maine, younger son of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine. They had one daughter, Beatrix (wife of Jean I, Count of Alençon). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe [assensu generis mei Helie filieque mee Romanet de Beaune Geographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30-31 ("... Helias vero ...comes Cenomannonun factus est, et xx annis adepto consulatu strenue potitis est. Heres quoque soceri sin Gervasii de Castro Lidi factus est, eujus filiam habuit, ex qua filiam nomine Eremburgem genuit, quam domino suo Fulconi, Andegavorum comiti, in matromonium copulavit … Uxor ejus ei filiam, Eremburgem nomine, peperit, quae, nubilibus annis, Fulconi, Andegavorum tunc comiti, nunc Ierosolymorum regi, nupsit et generosam sobolem genuit: Joffredum et Heliam, Mathildem et Sibyllam, quae filiis regum solemniter nupserunt"). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by various mistresses: i. GILBERT FITZ ROY. He was still young and unmarried in 1142. Nothing more is known of him. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 281 286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.660. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. WILLIAM DE TRACY. He died soon after his father. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121 (author states in error that William de Tracy had a daughter and heiress, Grace, wife of John de Sudeley, of Sudeley Castle and Toddington, Gloucestershire). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.659. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). iii. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ENGLAND, married CONAN III, Duke of Brittany [see BRITTANY 3]. iv. JULIANE OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 EUSTACHE DE PACY (or DE BRETEUIL), seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, illegitimate son of Guillaume, seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, by an unknown mistress. They had two sons, Guillaume and Roger, and two daughters. In 1119 he took part in the rebellion against King Henry I, who besieged his wife, Juliane, at Breteuil. She fled to Pacy, and in the autumn of 1119 Eustache and Juliane were pardoned by the king. A few years later she became a nun at Fontevrault. EUSTACHE DE PACY died at the beginning of Lent 1136, Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Depoin Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Saint-Martin de Pontoise (1895): 470-476 (Famille d'Ivry). C.P. 8 (1932): 209-210 (sub Lovel); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X11.648. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 304 (Fitz Osbem ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Norrnandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). v. MABEL OF ENGLAND, married before c.1125 GUILLAUME GOUET (or GORT), seigneur of Montmirail and Alluyes, son and heir of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail, Alluyes, Authon, la Bazoche-Gouet, Brou, and Château-du-Loir, by his wife, Eustachie Crespon. They had one son, Guillaume [seigneur of Montmirail]. He joined his parents and his brothers, Robert and Matthew, in the foundation of the Priory of St. Giles des Chateigniers as a cell of Tiron. In 1114, as William Gouet junior, he was one of the nobles of Thibaut, Count of Chartres, whom the count called to advise him. In 1116, with his father and mother, he gave judgment in a dispute between the abbey of Marmoutier and Gaston de Brou. As "Guillaume Goët le jeune," he witnessed a charter of Guillaume de Mesmerand to the leproserie of Chateaudun c.1120. He succeeded his father before c.1125. He made an agreement c.1125 with the Prior of Saint-Denis de Nogent regarding the churches of Ceton and Saint-Ulphace. He likewise gave c.1125 to the monks of Saint-Denis the church of Unverre that Gaston de Brou gave them and that his mother Eustachie unjustly retained; for which gift he received 10 livres and his wife, Mabel, 100 sous. About 1127 he witnessed a charter of Ives de Courville, by which he quitclaimed his land in Courville to Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. In 1136 he granted various privileges to Tiron Abbey. In 1140 he confirmed the gift of Bois-Ruffin made by Ursion de Meslay. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Guérard Cartulaire de Saint Père de Chartres 2 (1840): 471-476, 483-486, 494-495. Lépinois Histoire de Chartres 1 (1854): /41. Etudes sur le Maine, Noblesse du Maine aux Crusades (1859): 49-50. Charles & Elbenne Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans (1886-1913): Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbve de la Sainte-Trinité di Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cix (arms of Guillaume Goet dated 1139: Mi-parti au 1er d'argent à deux chevrons de sable; au 2e trois chevrons brisés d'or), 24-27, 78-79, 104-106. Merlet Inventaire-sommaire des Archives départementales anterieures (11790: Eure-et-Loir, Archives Ecclésiastiques, Serie H 8 (1897): 161. Souancé & Métais Saint-Denis de Nogent-le-Rotrou 1031-1789: Histoire et Cartulaire (1899): LVII-LIX, 103-104 (charter of Guillaume Gouet junior son of Guillaume Gouet dated c.1125), 104-106 (charter dated c.1125 naming Guillaume [Gouet] junior, son of Eustachie wife of [Guillaume] Gouet, and his wife, Mabel), 164-166. Bulls. de la Societé Dunoise Archeologie, Histoire, Sciences & Arts 10 (1904): 171-188. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.663, XIII.1014. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Child of Mabel of England, by Guillaume Gouet: a. GUILLAUME GOUET, seigneur of Montmirail, married ISABELLE (or ELIZABETH) OF BLOIS, Duchess of Apulia [see DONZY 4]. vi. CONSTANCE OF ENGLAND, married ROSCELIN DE BEAUMONT, Vicomte of Beaumont-en-Maine [see BEAUMONT 3]. vii. ALINE OF ENGLAND, married MATHIEU DE MONTMORENCY, seigneur of Montmorency [see LEICESTER 3 {sic: MONTMORENCY 3}]. v. SIBYL OF ENGLAND, married ALEXANDER I, King of Scots [see SCOTLAND 1.v], younger son of Malcolm III (Ceannmor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for his parentage]. He was born about 1077. They had no issue. By an unknown mistress, he had an illegitimate son, Malcolm. He became King of Scotland in 1107 on the death of his elder brother, Edgar, King of Scots. He and his wife, Sibyl, founded the monastery of Scone in Perthshire in 1113-14. He was also a benefactor to Durham and Dunfermline. He invaded Wales in summer 1114, in cooperation with King Henry I of England. His wife, Sibyl, died suddenly at Loch Tay 12 July 1122. ALEXANDER I, King of Scots, died at Stirling 23 April 1124, and was buried before the great altar at Dunfermline, Fife near his father. Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: “VII. Kal. Mali [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "VI. Id. Jul. [10 July] Ob. Sibilla Regina Scottorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Turnbull Extracta E Variis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 68 (Extracts ex Cronicis Scocie sub A.D. 1122: "Sibilla, illustris regine Scocie, uxor regis Alexandri, filia Henrici Beuclerk regis Anglie, apud Lochtay cellam canonicorum de Scona obiit anno Domini Moc.xxij"). Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis 2 (1849): 78 (sub A.D. 1123: "Alexander rex Scottorum, VII. kal. Maii [25 April], obiit."). Liber Ecclesie de Scone (1863): 1-3 (charter of Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl; charter witnessed by his nephew [nepos], Alexander, and by William, brother of the queen [frater regine]). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 3 (sub Kings of Scotland). Lawrie Early Scottish Charters prior to A.D. 1153 (1905): 28-30 (charter to Scone Priory dated c.1120 issued by Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl, "filia Henrici Regis Angliae"), 262. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 50-57. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.655, XIII.205. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 57. Duncan Kingship of the Scots 842-1292 (2002). Barrow Kingdom of the Scots (2003): 1541-56. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Oram David I: The King Who Made Scotland (2004). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 313 (Scotland ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I, by Isabel of Meulan, daughter of Robert of Meulan (or de Beaumont), Count of Meulan, by Isabel (or Elizabeth), daughter of Hugues le Grand Count of Crepy [see VERMANDOIS 5 for her ancestry]. Isabel de Meulan married (1st) Gilbert Fitz Gilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 6 Jan. 1147/8) [see PEMBROKE 3] and (2nd) Ralph Bluet, of Silchester, Hampshire and Lacock, Wiltshire (living 1167) [see PEMBROKE 3]. She was allegedly living in 1172. i. ISABEL OF ENGLAND. She and her mother, Countess Isabel, witnessed two undated charters of her half-brother, Richard Fitz Gilbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Her subsequent history is unknown. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 10 (1855): 261-263 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to the monks of Usk; charter witnessed by Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter, Ralph Bloet, and Walter Bloet). C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 361 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Gilbert to Goldcliff Priory; charter witnessed by Isabel the earl's mother and Isabel his sister). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-102 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke) ("Actually there is no reasonable doubt that Isabel [de Meulan]s daughter bore her mother's name, lived with her after the elder Isabel's marriage, and continued to do so after her step-father's death. For the first two witnesses to the 2nd Earl of Pembroke's charter for Usk are the Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter; and in the charter for Goldcliff Priory the first two witnesses are Isabel the Earl's mother and Isabel the Earl's sister. There is no evidence that she ever married."); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.657. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Alleged but unlikely daughter of King Henry I: i. EMMA OF ENGLAND, married GUY DE LAVAL, seigneur of Laval. Hollister Henry 1(2001): 228 ("Bertrand de Brousillon, La Maison de Laval, 1: 79: 'on pretend meme que l’abbaye de Clermont aurait conserve longtemps une tombe sur laquelle on lisait EMMA ANGLORUM REGIS FILIA DOMINAQUE LAVALLENSIS.' The author dismisses this tradition on the grounds that Robert of Torigny omits 'Emma' from his list of Henry's daughters, but the list is by no means complete. Emma is absent from the list of Henry I's illegitimate daughters in CP, 11, app. D, pp. 112-121.").”	Fitz Roy, Gilbert (I6407)
6037	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY nicknamed “Beauclerc,” King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Cotentin, 4th son, born in 1068 or 1069. He married (1st) 11 Nov. 1100 MAUD OF SCOTLAND, daughter of Malcolm III (CeannMor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for her parentage]. She was born in 1079. They had one son, William, and one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, died at Westminster 1 May 1118. He married (2nd) at Windsor, Berkshire 29 Jan. 1121 ALICE (or AELIZ, ALEIDE, ALEYDA, AELIDIS, ADELIDE, ADELIDIS, ADELAIDIS, ADELIZA, ADELIZE, ATHELICE) OF LOUVAIN, daughter of Gottfried (or Godefroy) I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Louvain, by his 1st wife, Ida, daughter of Otto II, Count of Chiny. She was born about 1103. They had no issue. By various mistresses, he had eight illegitimate sons, Robert [Earl of Gloucester], Richard, Fulk, Reynold [Earl of Cornwall], Robert, Gilbert, William de Tracy, and Henry, and nine illegitimate daughters, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Rotrou II, Count of Perche), Alice, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Conan III, Duke of Brittany), Juliane (wife of Eustache de Pacy, seigneur of Breteuil and Pacy), Mabel (wife of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail), Constance (wife of Roscelin de Beaumont), Aline (wife of Mathieu de Montmorency), Sibyl (wife of Alexander I, King of Scots), and Isabel.* HENRY I, King of England died at Lyons-la-Forêt (near Rouen), Normandy 1 Dec. 1135, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. His widow, Alice, married (2nd) after Dec. 1136 but later than summer 1139 WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, Earl of Lincoln, afterwards 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), hereditary Chief Butler of England, Privy Councillor to King Henry I [see CLIFTON 3]. They had four sons, William [2nd Earl of Arundel or Sussex], Reiner, Henry, and Godfrey, and two daughters, Alice (wife of Jean I, Count of Eu and Alvred de Saint Martin) and Olive. He was a witness to King Stephen's 2nd Charter of Liberties in 1136. He was created Earl of Lincoln c.1138. He gave shelter to Empress Maud at Arundel Castle in 1139, but afterwards adhered to King Stephen. His earldom was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex before Christmas 1141. In his own later charters he is styled Earl of Chichester. About 1145 he witnessed a charter of Henry Hussey as "Consul Willelmo de Cicesterr." His wife, Alice, presented to the prebend of West Dean in 1150. Alice, dowager Queen of England, died as a nun at Affligem Abbey in Brabant 25 (or 26) March 1151, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. He was influential in arranging the treaty of 1153, whereby the Crown continued with King Stephen for life, though the inheritance thereof was secured to Henry II. He subscribed his name to this instrument as "Comes Cicestrie." By grant dated c.1155, King Henry II confirmed to him as "William, Earl of Arundel" the Castle of Arundel, with the whole honour of Arundel and all its appurtenances. He served as Joint Ambassador to France and to the Pope in 1163/4. He served as Chief Ambassador with Princess Maud to Germany in 1168. He was appointed joint Commander of the royal army in Normandy in 1173. In Sept. 1173 he assisted in the defeat near Bury St. Edmunds of the Earl of Leicester. He founded Buckenham Abbey, Norfolk and Pynharn Priory, Sussex. WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), died at Waverley Abbey, Surrey 4 (or 12) October 1176, and was buried at Wymondham Priory, Norfolk. [Footnote *: In 1824 the Scottish historian Chalmers stated that King Henry I of England had an illegitimate daughter, Elizabeth, who married Fergus, lord of Galloway (died 1161). [see Chalmers Caledonia 3 (1824): 250, footnote k ("Fergus [lord of Galloway] ... was a prince of some note, even at the court of Henry I. of England, is certain : as he took to wife, according to the heralds, genealogists, and chroniclers, Elizabeth, the natural daughter of Henry I.")]. Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway), however, debunked Chalmers' statement, noting that the authorities quoted by Chalmers "do not bear out his assertion." Even so, other secondary sources have continued to repeat Chalmers' unfounded claim: See, for example, Mackenzie History of Galloway (1841): 167-172 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England"); Anderson Scottish Nation 2 (1862): 195 ("Fergus, lord of Galloway ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England ..."); M'Kerlie Galloway in Ancient & Modern Times (1891): 155 ("It is necessary to repeat here that Fergus married Elizabeth, the natural daughter of King Henry I. of England."); Maxwell Hist. of Dumfries & Galloway (1896): 47-48 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, natural daughter of Henry I., and sister of Sibilla, who married Alexander I., brother of David."); Ramsay Angevin Empire (1903): 90, footnote 7 ("Gunfrith [i.e., Godred] was son of Olaf, by Afreca, daughter of Fergus of Galloway, by 'Elisabeth,' reputed natural daughter of Henry I."); Oram Lordship of Galloway (2000): 60; Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Barrow Robert Bruce (1965): 36, footnote 2 notes that "Roger Howden calls Uchtred son of Fergus of Galloway a cousin of King Henry II (Gesta Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Ser., i, 80)," a relationship which Professor Barrow states "is best explained on the supposition that Fergus married a bastard daughter of Henry I." However, given that King Henry II of England had a Scottish grandmother, a more likely explanation of the kinship between the Galloway and English royal families is that the wife of Fergus was near related to the Scottish royal family, possibly being a sister of William Fitz Duncan, whose grandfather was Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots [died 1093]. This arrangement would make Uchtred son of Fergus and King Henry II of England related in the 3rd degree of kindred (or second cousins).] D'Achery Spicilegium 10 (1671): 612-613 (Continuatio Chronici Afflegemiensis: "Filia præfati Ducis Aleidis juncta matrimonio Regi Angliæ, post obitum secundi con jugis Afflegemiensis Claustri solitudinem ad reliquum vitæ ad humandum corpus elegit in domo turti Ecclesiæ contigua, cum una aut akera ancilla in Fratrum Afflegemiensiurn quieta taciturna multitudine solitaria habitavit, & beato fine quievit, de qua epitaphium: Aleidis Regina Anglim, filia Ducis Godefridi cum barba, Regnum suscepit in Anglia an MCXXI. obiit 9 Kal. Maii [23 April], sepulta è regione horologii nostri."). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 30 (Kalendar of Obits: "IIII Non. December [2 December]. Obitus Henrici Regis."). Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 32-34. Morice Mémoires pour servir de Preuves à l'Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne 1 (1742): 130 (Extract of Cronicle of Robert, Abbot of Mont Saint Michel: "Anno 1135. Obiit Henricus I. Rex Anglorum in prima die Decembris, cum regnasset annis 35. & 4 mensibus."). Brequigny & Mouchet Table Chronologique des Diplômes, Chartes, Titres ... concernant l’Histoire de France 3 (1783): 236 (charter dated c.1155 of Alice Queen of the English [Adelaidis reginæ Anglorum]). Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: Kal. Maii [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 218 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "IV. Non. Dec. [2 December] Ob Henricus Rex Anglorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Norrnands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXI)). Tierney Hist. & Antiqs. of the Castle & Town of Arundel 1 (1834): 169-179. Michel Histoire des Ducs de Normandie et des Rois D'Angleterre (1840): 69 ("Li rois Henrie, quant la roine Mehaus fu morte, prist à feme Aalis, la fille Godefroi le duc de Louvaing, la cousine Wistasse [Eustace] de Bouloigne; mais n'en ot nul enfant. Si ot-il de bas .vj. Ills et .vij. fines"). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 135-211 (biog. of Matilda of Scotland), 212-256 (biog. of Adelicia of Louvaine). Barrett Memorials of the parochial Church ... in the Parish of Attleborough (1848): 12-41. Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis 2 (1849): 74 (Maud [of Blois], Countess of Chester, styled "niece" to King Henry I of England [neptis regis1). Ordericus Vitalis Ecclesiastical Hist. of England & Normandy 3 (1854): 482 (Roger Fitz Roger and Walter d'Aufay [Aufai] styled "cousins" to King Henry I at Battle of Bremule in 1119 by Ordericus Vitalis). Arch. Journal 20 (1863): 283 ("Adeliza appears to have used the identical matrux of the seal which had belonged to the first queen of Henry I., the name-Aalidis-having been substituted for Matli[Idis), 287-288 (charter of Queen Alice [Aelidis regina] ... There is appended ... a pointed oval seal of white wax .... device, a female figure standing ... The legend is + SIGILLVM • AALIDIS • SECVND[AE • DE]I • GRACIA • REGINAE • ANGLIE.), 288-289 (charter of Queen Alice [A. Dei gracia Regina]); 22 (1865): 152-153 (charter of William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Lincoln; charter names Queen Alice his wife [regina Adelidis]). Sussex Arch. Colls. 15 (1863): 112-113. Luard Annales Monastici 1 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1864): 14 (Margam Annals sub 1151: "Obiit Adelidis, regina secunda Henrici regis."); 3 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1866): 433 (Bermondsey Annals sub A.D. 1121: "Hoc anno rex Henricus primus duxit Adelizam, filiam ducis Lovaniae, in uxorem, tertio nonas Februarii [3 February]."). Burke Gen. Hist, of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited & Extinct Peerages (1866): 2-3 (sub Albini, Earls of Arundel). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. (1867): 21-33 ("In the Register of the Priory of Bromhale, we find the record of his death under the date of the 4th day of October, 22nd of Henry II (A.D. 1176), in the following words, `obiit Willielmus Comes Arundel' (no mention of Sussex or Chichester), et `sepultus est in prioratus de Wymondham.’"). Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptorum 20 (1868): 67 (Orderic Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, Liber X: Roger Fitz Richard [de Clare) styled "kinsman" [cognatus) of King Henry I of England). Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104-108 (discusses evidence that King Henry I had an illegitimate daughter, Maud (or Mathilde)/Almodis, who was Abbess of Montivilliers). Ellis Antiqs. of Heraldry (1869): 206-207 (Aubigny ped.). Lower Compendious Hist. of Sussex 1 (1870): 70 (Robert de Haia, founder of Boxgrove Priory, styled "king's kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry I). Delisle Delisle Chronique de Robert de Tongni 1 (1872): 215 (sub A.D. 1139: "Invitarerat enim eos Willermus de Albinneio, qui duxerat Aeliz quondam reginam, quæ habebat castellum et comitatum Hardundel, quod rex Henricus dederat ei in dote."); 2 (1873): 63-64 ("Cessit etiam in fata Willermus de Albineio, quem vocabant comitem d'Arundel, relinquens filios quatuor, scilicet Guillermum de Albineio pritnogenitum, et alios tres natos ex Aeliza regina, uxore primi Henrici regis Anglorum."). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1874): 298 (sub 1176: "comes etiam Willelmus de Arundel obiit quarto idus Octobris [12 October] apud Waverle, et sepultus eat apud Wimundham, cellam scilicet ecclesiæ Sancti Albani, cujus cellæ patronus fuisse dinoscitur."). Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Obiit autem Matildis regina Anglia anno regni sui xviiio, kalendis Maii [1 May], et apud Radingas sepulta est."). Merlet Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cviii (arms of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy dated 1115: D'argent au cavalier d'azur). D.N.B. 1 (1885): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1(1886): 66 (sub Arundel). Raine Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1886): 169 (History of the Four Archbishops by Hugh the Chantor - King Henry I and Pope Calixtus II were kinsmen: "Nam præter spiritualem patris et filii relationem, carnali consanguinitate propinqui erant, quorum avus et avia frater et soror fuerunt." (Note: Pope Calixtus II was a younger son of William I, Count of Burgundy, whose mother Alice was daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 5-8 (seal of King Henry I - Obverse. King, seated in majesty, in an undercoat with sleeves tight at wrists, and loose skirts reaching below knees; and long flowing cloak fastened at throat and spreading out behind, which has a border, with indications of a fur of symmetrical pattern. On the head a cap-shaped crown, with three fleurs-de-lis, one at top and one at either side, and two chin-straps hanging loosely at sides, the ends having buckles in shape of trefoils. In right hand, extended outwards from elbow, a sword is held almost perpendicularly. In left hand, similarly extended, an orb, ensigned with a long cross pattee pommettee. Throne, apparently square, and closely resembling that of William II.; the centre curves with a bold cusp inwards, with a string-course, and is the narrowest part. In lower of two compartments thus made, is a footboard, not enough remaining to show original size. On throne a flat cushion with square edge, carrying at each end a hemispherical ornament, intended for pillow. Reverse. King, hauberk of chain-mail; conical helmet, having a blunt point at crown of head, and perhaps armed with projecting nose-piece; single pointed spur of goad form; long lance to which is attached a banner, charged with cross moline, and three pairs of waving streamers. No indication of sword. In left hand, held by interior strap, a kite-shaped shield, seen from within. The horse is walking to the right hand, caparisoned with breast-band, which is ornamented by five globular pendants equi-distant. Saddle of small dimensions; with stirrups. The loosely gathered reins are held up in left hand, which also sustains shield. Legend: + HENRIC' D... ... ...). Round "An Unknown Mistress of Henry I." in Eng. Hist. Rev. 5 (1890): 745-746. Luard Flores Historiarum 2 ((Rolls Ser.) 1890): 69 ("Anno gratix MCLIo [1151]. Obiit Adelicia regina, uxor regis Stephani;" the editor notes that the name "Stephani" is erased in Ch. and altered to "Henrici I."). Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (Docs. sur la Province du Perche 3rd Ser. 2) (1894): 40-43. Recueil des Historiens des Castles et de la France 23 (1894): 471 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: "25 Mart. Obiit Adelicia regina."), 476 (Ex Necrologio Monasterii Crucis Sancti Leufredi: "25 Mart. [Obiit] Adeliza, regina Anglorum."), 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Mali. [Obiit] Matildis, regina Anglorum."), 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "12 Oct. [Obiit] Guillelmus, comes de Arundel."), 581 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Dec. [Obiit] Henricus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum."). Napier & Stevenson Crawford Coll. of early Charters & Docs. now in the Bodleian library (1895): 31 (William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Chichester dated c.1150; charter names his wife, Queen Alice [regina Adelide]). Bradshaw Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral Pt. 2 (1897): (obits. in the odd volume of the great Latin Bible), ccxxxviii (2 May - "Matildis regina uxor Henrici regis."), ccxlii (2 Dec. - "Henricus, pacificus rex Anglorum."). Trans. East Herts Arch. Soc. 1(1) (1901): 129-135 (charter of Queen Alice widow of King Henry I dated 1136 [Adelidis regina uxor nobillisimi regis Henrici & filia Godefridi ducis lotharingie]. C.C.R. 1227-1231 (1902): 530 (confirmation of gift of Alice, formerly Queen of England). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 316 (Abbaye de Saint-Denis: "kal. Maius [1 May] Ob. Matildis, Anglorum regina [1118]."), 523 (Prieure de Longpont: "kaL maii. [1 May] [obit.] Maltidis, Anglorum regina [1118]."). Warner & Ellis Facsimiles of Royal & Other Charters in the British Museum 1 (1903): #14 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Lincoln dated c.1139-40; charter names his wife, Queen Adeleidis), #27 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Chichester dated 1151-2; charter names his wife, Queen Athelice). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 1-2 (sub Kings of Scotland). Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 25-34. Eng. Hist. Rev. 21(1906): 505-509. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 2 (1906): 241 (Obituaire of Prieure de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan: "Henricus, rex Anglorum, frater noster, III nonas decembris [3 Dec.] [1135]."), 661 (Nécrologe of Abbaye de Saint-Jean-en-Vallée: 12 Dec.] IIII non. Obiit Henricus, Anglorum rex [1135], ecclesiarum amator praecipuus."). Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway) ("[Fergus, lord of Galloway] is said to have married Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of King Henry I. of England, but the authorities quoted by Chalmers, who makes the statement, do not bear out his assertion."). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Urseau Cartulaire Moir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (1908): 167-168 (charter of King Henry I dated c.1111=20). Gomme Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1909): 217 (sub A.D. 1100: Maud of Scotland, 1st wife of King Henry I, styled "kinswoman to king Edward [the Confessor] and of the true royal race of England."), 239-240 (sub A.D. 1127: Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone], Abbot of Saint-Jean of Angély (in Poitou), afterwards Abbot of Peterborough styled "kinsman" [mæi] of [Henry I] King of England and [Guillaume] Count of Poitou) [see also Earle and Plummer Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel 1 (1892): 257; English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-5601. CP. 1 (1910): 233-235, 237 (chart) (sub Arundel); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Round King's Serjeants & Officers of State (1911): 140-165. English Hist. Rev. 34 (1919): 303-382. Farrer Outline Itinerary of King Henry 1 (1920). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) XI 112. Rübel-Blass (1939) 257 (biographical information). G.H. White "Henry I's Illegitimate Children," in C.P. 11 (1949), Appendix D, 105-121. Leys Sandford Cartulary 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 22) (1941): 216. Johnson et al. Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066-1154 2 (1956): 148 (John [son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent], a royal chaplain, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of King Henry I of England in charter dated 1117-19). C.R.R. 12 (1957): 157-158 (Sibyl de Falaise, wife of Baldwin de Bolers, styled "kinswoman" [nepte] of King Henry I of England). Stenton First Century of English Feudalism, 1066-1166 (1961). Davis King Stephen (1967): 137 ("[King] Stephen recognized three successive earls of Lincoln ... The first was William d'Aubigny pincerna who married Queen Adeliza, widow of King Henry I, and in her right became lord of the honour and castle of Arundel. He styles himself William Earl of Lincoln in three charters in which his identity is proved by references to his wife. They are in favour of Lewes Priory and the abbeys of Reading and Affligem-and in the case of Affligem there is also a charter of Adeliza referring to her husband as earl of Lincoln (Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville 3245; Warner and Ellis, Facsimiles, no. 14; E. de Marneffe, Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Affligem in Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclesiastique de la Belgique, 2o section, pp. 104,106). In royal charters it is usually impossible to distinguish him from his successor, William de Roumare, since the normal style of both was Willelmus comes de Lincolnia, or (before he was an earl) from his father, William d'Aubignypincerna, who died before June 1139 (Reg. iii. 973). If Robert de Torigny is right (Chronicles iv. 137) William had married Adeliza by September 1139, and it is tempting to assume that it was on his marriage that he was made earl of Lincoln, his connection with that county being that his mother, Maud Bigod, was a grand-daughter, and possible co-heiress, of Robert de Tosny of Belvoir. We do not know precisely when he was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex, but it was certainly by Christmas 1141 when he attested a charter as Comite Willelmo de Sudsexa (Reg. iii. 276)."). Chibnall Ecclesiastical Hist. of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80): 317 (Vol. VI, Book XII - Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone] styled "kinsman" [cognato] of King Henry I of England) [see English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-560]. Albion 10 (1978): 330-340. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 95 (sub Hainault, Brabant); 2 (1984): 81 (sub England); 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Chibnall Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166 (1986). Green Government of England under Henry 1(1986). Hollister Monarchy, Magnates, & Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World (1986). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 1 (Camden Soc. 4th Ser. 31) (1986): 301, 369, 476. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.1.423, XII.371, X11.644-X11.645, XIII.207. Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 136 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "7 Kal. [Apr.] [26 March]. Obiit Atheliza regina."), 130 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit Rex Anglorum Henricus primus."), 146 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit rex Anglorum Henricus i."). Haskins Soc. Jour. 7 (1995): 101-116. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35, 57. Scottish Hirt. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I Pt 2 (List and Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 143 (confirmation c. 1172/81 of grant made by Queen Adela) (original published in Jour. of British Architetural Assoc. 17: 312). Scottish Hist. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Harper-Bill Anglo-Norman Studies XXI (1999): 145-168. Bartlett England under the Norman & Angevin Kings 1075-1225 (2000). Hollister Henry 1(2001). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.), 313 (Scotland ped.). Weller Die Heiratspolitik des deutschen Hochadels im 12. Jahrhundert (2004): 464-4.76 (biog. of Königin Adelheid von England) ("On page 476, Weller states: "Seine Gattin Adelheid von Lowen, die ehemalige Konigin von England, war schon 1151 wahrend des Bürgerkrieges verschieden und wurde in Reading beigesetzt ... Der Begräbnisort Kgn. Adelheids geht aus einem Schreiben Jocelins v. Löwen an Bf. Hilarius v. Chichester eindeutig hervor, vgl. Reading Abbey Cartularies 1, No. 551, 416E; s.a. Bartlett, England 596. Nicht stichhaltig ist demgegeniiber die van Sanderus, Chorographia 1, 45, verbreitete Nachricht, wonach Adelheid vor ihrem Tod in ihre Heimat übergesiedelt und im Kloster Afflighem gestoren and begraben sei; heirnach auch John Horace Round in dem Art.: Adeliza of Louvain, in DNB 1(1885): 137f.; Complete Peerage 1, 235. Allerdings ist Kgn. Adelheid als Wohltäterin von Afflighem aufgetreten unde hat dem Kloster einigen Besitz in England gestiftet; vgl. Cart. Afflighem, No. 79, 121-124 (hier 122)."). Verbeke Medieval Narrative Sources (2005): 21-36. Fleming Henry I & the Anglo-Norman World: Studies in Memory of C. Warren Hollister (2006). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006). Children of King Henry I of England, by Maud of Scotland: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, son and heir apparent, born in 1103. As his father's destined successor, he received the homage of the Normans barons in 1115, and that of the English witan in 1116. He married at Lisieux in May 1119 MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ANJOU, daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou. He was with his father at the Battle of Bremule in 1119. Early in 1120 King Louis of France invested him with the duchy of Normandy. He was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 160 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1120: "Willelmus filius Henrici Regis, & Ricardus frater ejus & Ricardus Comes de Cestria cum multis Nobilibus naufragio perierunt.”). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. D.N.B. 21(1909): 337 (biog. of William, son of Henry I, King of England). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 81 (sub England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.644. Caenegem English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I 1 (Selden Soc. 106) (1990): 180-181, 192-193, 213-214. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.). ii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, married (1st) HEINRICH V, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor; (2nd) GEOFFREY V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy [see next]. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by an unknown mistress, (possibly a member of the Bohun family): i. ROBERT FITZ ROY, Earl of Gloucester, married MABEL FITZ ROBERT [see GLOUCESTER 3]. Illegitimate sons of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Ansfride, widow of Anskill, a knight who was a tenant of Abingdon Abbey: i. RICHARD FITZ ROY, born before 1101. He served against the French in 1119, and was captured at Les Andelys. He was set free with his comrades by King Louis, because they had taken sanctuary in the church of Notre Dame du Grand Andely. Later the same year he was with his father at the Siege of Evreux and the Battle of Brémule. In Sept. 1119 he was sent to raise the Siege at Bréteuil. He was betrothed to Amice de Gael, daughter of Raoul, seigneur of Gael in Brittany and Bréteuil in Normandy. He was drowned immediately afterwards in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Amice subsequently married Robert of Meulan, 1st Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 6]. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Alium quoque habuit filium Ricardum, et cessavit parere... Navis enim infausta qun regis gestabat filios Willelrnum et Ricardum, submersa est, periitque in scopulis Barbefluvii."). C.P. 7 (1929): 527-530 (sub Leicester); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.646. Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni 2 (1992): 248-249 (Robert de Torigny: "Ricardus autem, huius comitis uno de patre frater, cum fratre suo Willelmo in sepedicto naufiagio periit."). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. FULK FITZ ROY. Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(II.647. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Sibyl Corbet: i. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall, Sheriff of Devon, 1173-5. He married in 1140 MABEL FITZ WILLIAM, daughter of William Fitz Richard, of Cornwall. They had one son, Nicholas, and four daughters, Denise (wife of Richard de Redvers, Earl of Devon), Maud, Sarah (wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges), and Emme (wife of Guy V de Laval, seigneur of Laval). By a mistress, Beatrice de Valle (or Vaux) (afterwards wife of William Briwerre, Knt.), he had an illegitimate son, Henry Fitz Count. By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, William. He was granted the lands of William, Earl of Mortain, amounting to 215-1/2 fees in Devon and Cornwall. He was created Earl of Cornwall about April 1141. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, were recognized by contemporaries as "the most powerful men in the kingdom." His wife, Mabel, fell into insanity in the 1140s. He witnessed a charter of Henry d'Oilly in the period, 1114-47. In 1153 he witnessed the agreement between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy [afterwards King Henry II]. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, acted as intermediary between the king and Thomas Becket at Northampton in 1164. He played a major part in opposing the rebels of 1173-4 in England. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall died 1 July 1175, allegedly at Chertsey, Surrey, and was buried at Reading, Berkshire. Dugdale Baronage (1675): 702 (sub Briwere) ("[William Briwere] having married Beatrix de Valle, a Concubine, as 'tis said, to Reginald Earl of Cornwall (which is probable, for in a Grant made by Henry Son to the same Reginald [Earl of Cornwall], unto this William [Briwere], of the Mannor of Karswell, and Land of Hakford, he calls him his Brother")) [Note: Dugdale evidently intended to say that Henry Fitz Count's brother was William Briwere the younger, as it was William Briwere the elder was the husband of his mother, Beatrice de Valle]. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 6, 98 (undated charter of Reynold son of King Henry to William de Botreaux son of Alice Corbet his aunt [matertera]; charter witnessed by his son, Nicholas; his nephews/kinsmen [nepotibus], Ralph and Richard, and his brother, William), 112. Topographer 2 (1790): 288-291. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 2 (1836 11): 239-240 (Bruere or Briwere ped.). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 163 ("Deditque ibidem Hereberto filio Hereberti, et Willelmo fratri comitis Reginaldi, et Joelllano de la Pumerai, nepoti eorum, regnum be Limeric pro servitio sexaginta militum"), 172 ("Nam Herbertus, et Willelmus, fratres Reginaldi comitis Cornubiae, et Joellanus de Purnetia nepos eorum, regnum illud havere noluerunt; sed illud reddiderunt domino regi et Johanni filio suo liberum et quietum ab omni calurnnia eorum"). Le Fizelier Mémoire chronologique de Maucourt de Bourjolly sur la Ville de Laval 1 (1886): 136-142. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-253 (William brother of Earl Reynold [Willelmus frater Comitis Reginaldi] held 1/2 knight's fee of Robert Fitz Roy in 1166), 261-262 (William brother of the Earl [Willelmus frater Comitis] held four knight's fees Reynold, Earl of Cornwall in 1166). Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 455-456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 34. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 75. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Colls. Hist. Staffs. 1924 (1926): 9, 219. English Hist. Rev. 62 (1947): 352-377 (charter of William de Marsh brother of Reynold Earl of Cornwall [Willelmus de Marisco frater Reginaldi comitis Cornubie]). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II], later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Minor & Butler eds. Letters of John of Salisbury 1 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1955): 162-163. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987): 9-10 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1154-65), 10-11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1146-55), 11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 195-196 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1165-75, witnessed by his son, Nicholas), 196-197 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 197-198 (two confirmation charters of King Henry II of England naming his "uncle" [avunculus] Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, one dated c.1174-5, the other dated c.1174-6). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(11.651, X111.996-1000. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Hollister Henry 1(2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart).Cornwall Rec. Office: Borough of Truro, BTRU/1 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1161-66) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, by Mabel Fitz William: a. MAUD OF CORNWALL, married ROBERT II, Count of Meulan [see VERMANDOIS 7]. Illegitimate child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, allegedly by Beatrice de Valle: a. HENRY FITZ COUNT, of Liskeard, Cornwall and King's Kerswell, Devon, Constable of Totnes Castle, 1209, Governor of Portchester Castle, 1211, Sheriff of Cornwall, 1215, 1217-20, Constable of Launceston Castle and Warden of the Stanneries, 1215. In 1194 he was granted the manors of Liskeard, Cornwall and Diptford and King's Kerswell, Devon by the king. In 1196 he witnessed the Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by his alleged step-father, Sir William Briwerre. In 1215 he had a grant of the county of Cornwall from King John, to farm until the realm should be at peace. The grant was renewed by King Henry III 7 Feb. 1216/7. He resigned the county to the king in 1220, when he took the cross. HENRY FITZ COUNT died a crusader in 1222. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Hunter Catalogue of the MSS in the library of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn (1838): 13. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(2) (1846): 924 (Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by William Briwer). Oliver Monasticon Dioecesis Exoniensis (1846): 174 (charter of Henry son of Reynold Earl of Cornwall; charter granted for the souls of his brothers and his mother), 179, 183. Trans. Exeter Diocesan Architectural & Arch. Soc. 2nd Ser. 1 (1867): 133-134. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 31(1870): 5. Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 21. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 9 (1902): 295-296 ("But Reginald de Dunstanville [i.e., Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall] had also by Beatrix de Valle (who afterwards became the wife of William Brewer, the judge of Henry II. and one of the regents of Richard I.) an illegitimate son named Henry FitzCount (sometimes FitzHenry), who became in after years also Earl of Cornwall."). Genealogist n.s. 20 (1904): 10-11. C.P. 3 (1913): 430 (sub Cornwall). Painter Reign of King John (1949): 231, 290, 348, 358-359. Hobbs Cartulary of Forde Abbey (Somerset Rec. Soc. 85) (1998): 116 (charter of Henry Fitz Count dated 1200-22; charter witnessed by William Brewer). North Devon Rec. Office: Chichester of Arlington, 50/11/29/3 (confirmation of a gift of land dated early 13th Cent. from Henry son of Earl Reginald to William de Tracy of all his land of Wollecombe [in Mortehoe] and Boklande, Devon, which William and his ancestors held of Henry and his ancestors, lords of Bradneys, as the charter of Hugh Ruffus testifies. To have and to hold to the aforesaid William, his heirs and assigns, of Henry and his heirs for ever, rendering all due and customary services. Seal of Henry son of Earl Reginald - Round, natural wax, armorial, surrounded by legend giving name of owner, chipped. The arms on shield resemble those of Courtenay family, but the Courtenays did not become Earls till 14th Cent.) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Henry III Fine Rolls Project (Baldekin styled "kinsman" of H[enry] Fitz Count in a fine roll item dated 1220; by whom he was earlier granted lands in Cornwall formerly held by Robert de Tintagel) (available at www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_015.html). Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith, daughter of Forne son of Sigulf, lord of Greystoke, Cumberland. Edith subsequently married ROBERT D'OILLY, of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, Constable of Oxford Castle. They had two sons, Henry and Gilbert. He and his wife, Edith, founded Oseney Priory near Oxford in 1129. Robert d'Oilly died in Sept. 1142. Sometime in the period, c.1145-56, his widow, Edith, granted a toft in Huggate and 68-1/2 acres in the fields there to the poor of the Hospital of St. Peter, York. Leys Sandford Cartulary 1 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 19) (1938): 50 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith), 92 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated before June 1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith, and his son, Henry). Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 505-508, 510 (charter of Edith wife of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1145-56), 510-511 (charter of Henry d'Oilly dated c.1145-56; charter witnessed by his wife, Maud), 518-519. Hedley Northumberland Fares. (1968): 233. i. ROBERT FITZ ROY. He held land in Devonshire in 1130. He witnessed a charter of his step-father, Robert d'Oilly, in the period, ?1130-35. He supported his half-sister, Empress Maud, in the Civil War. In the period, 1144-7, he witnessed a charter of his half-brother, Henry d'Oilly. In 1146-7 he witnessed a charter of Empress Maud and her son, Henry. About 1150 he granted 10 pounds of land in his manor of Wantage, Berkshire to the church of Oseney, with the counsel of Henry d'Oilly his half-brother. Sometime in the period, 1153-67, he witnessed a charter of Wigan of Wallingford. He married before 1162 MAUD D'AVRANCHES, widow of William de Courcy (or ?Geoffrey de Crimes?), and daughter of Robert d'Avranches, by ___, daughter of Gelduin de Dol. They had one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, was heiress of Richard Fitz Baldwin. In 1162 he granted St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter two ferlings of land in his manor of Calvalegie juxta Cobbalegiam, together with a man named Edwium son of Wranhi; charter was granted with with the consent of his wife, Maud d'Avranches. ROBERT FITZ ROY died 31 May 1172. His widow, Maud, died 21 Sept. 1173. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farms of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Coll. Top. et Gen. 1 (1834): 188 ("C. Rob[er]ti filii Henrici Regis per concessionem Mathildis, filiz Roberti de Avrenchis et heredis Ricardi filii Baldewini, dans totam vincam quam Rob'tus fil. Baldewini et Ricardus fester ejus Eccl. S.N. dederunt."), 382 (charter dated 1162 of Robert son of King Henry, granted with consent of Maud d'Avranches his wife [Robertus filius Regis Henrici, assensu Matillidis de Abrinco uxoris meae to St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter). Dugdale Monasticon Anglican = 5 (1846): 377-382 (Ford Abbey, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia: "Obijt denique vir ejus secundus, dominus Robertus filius regis Henrici anno Domini M.clxxii. pridie calendas Junii [31 May], et post ipsum vicecomitissa Matildis, itaque de Aubrincis ut prius nuncupata, undecimo calendas Octobris [21 Sept.] anno Domini M.clxxiii. et regni regis Henrici secundi 19."); 6(1) (1830): 253 (charter of Robert son of King Henry [Robertus Henrici regis filius]; charter names his [half-]brother [fratris], Henry d'Oilly). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Priory of Hexham 1 (Surtees Soc. 64) (1864): 138 (Chronicle of John, Prior of Hexham: "Emissi sunt autem ducenti milites cum Rodberto, filio Edae et Henrici Regis notho, et Johanne Marascaldo ...."). Freeman Reign of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 723. Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): 374 (charter of Robert son of King Henry dated c.1150). Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 3 (1881): 1-3. Maitland Bracton's Note Book 2 (1887): 137-138 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that he was the son of Hawise, the first born daughter of Maud d'Avranches; Hawise's sister, Maud de Courtenay, who was the plaintiff in the lawsuit, in turn testified that the said Hawise was the daughter of Geoffrey de Crimes (or Crunes, Cruues), the 1st husband of Maud d'Avranches), 404-405; 3 (1887): 450-452 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that his mother, Hawise, was the daughter of William de Curcy, husband of Maud d'Avranches). Notes & Gleanings 2 (1889): 50-56. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-254 (list of knights fees held by Robert Fitz Roy in 1166). Note-book of Tristram Risdon (1897): 53-56. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 73, 75, 101-102. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Seversmith Colonial Fams. of Long Island New York & Connecticut 5 (1958): 2426-2428. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.650, XIII.995. Reedy Basset Charters c.1120 to 1250 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 50) (1995): 25-26 (charter dated 1146-7 of Empress Maud daughter of King Henry I and her son, Henry; charter witnessed by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and Robert Fitz Roy). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Fizzard Plympton Priory (2008): 62, footnote 26. Child of Robert Fitz Roy, by Maud d'Avranches: a. MAUD FITZ ROBERT, married REYNOLD DE COURTENAY, of Sutton, Berkshire [see COURTENAY 1]. ii. ALICE FITZ ROY. In the period, ?1130-35, she witnessed a charter of her step-father, Robert d'Oilly, and her mother, Edith. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 72-73 (Alice daughter of the king [Adeliza Lila Reg.] witness to charter of Robert d'Oilly, his wife, and son dated ?1130-35). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Nest, wife of Gerald of Windsor, Constable of Pembroke, and daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwt, Prince of South Wales: i. HENRY FITZ ROY, of Pembrokeshire. He was killed during King Henry II's invasion at Anglesea in 1157 or 1158. He married ___. They had two sons, Meiler Fitz Henry [Justiciar of Ireland] and Robert, and presumably one daughter, Amabilis Fitz Henry (wife of Walter de Ridelisford). Williams ab Ithel Annales Cambriaes (Rolls Ser.) (1860): 47 (sub A.D. 1158: "Henricus filius Geraldi occisus est, velut alii volunt, filius Henrici regis ..."). Dimock Geraldus Cambrensis: Itinerarium Kambrice, et Descriptio Kambriæ (Geraldus Cambrensis Opera 6) (Rolls Ser.) (1868): 130 (Date: A.D. 1157: "Fuerant autem duo nobiles viti, et ejus qui scripsit haec avunculi, cum aliis hue a rege transmissi: Henricus scilicet regis Henrici primi filius, et secundi avunculus, ex nobili Nesta, Resi filii Theodori filia, in australi Kambria Demetiae finibus oriundus; et Robertus Stephani filius, Henrici frater non germanus sed uterinus."), 130, footnote 2 ("The death of Henry, her [Nest's] son by [King] H[enryl I., in this attack on Anglesea, is placed by Brut under 1156, in Ann. Camb. under 1158. By the former he is called Henry son of King Henry; by the latter, Henry son of Girald, or, according to others, son of king Henry. He was the father of the famous Meiler, the great hero of the Irish invasion."). Gilbert Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin 1 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 30-31 (charter of Walter de Ridelisford to St. Mary's Abbey; charter granted with consent of his wife, Amabilis Fitz Henry and witnessed by Meiler Fitz Henry). Orpen Ireland under the Normans 1 (1911): 18 (ped. chart). Jour. Royal Soc. of Antiqs. Ireland 82 (1952): 46-61. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.656. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 298-299 (biog. of Meiler Fitzhenry). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith: i. MAUD (or MATHILDE, MAHAUT) OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 (as his 1st wife) ROTROU II “the Great,” Count of Perche, seigneur of Belleme, son and heir of Geoffroi, Count of Mortagne and Perche, by Beatrix, daughter of Count Hilduin, Count of Montdidier and Roucy. He was born about 1080. Her maritagium likely included the manors of Aldboume and Wanborough, Wiltshire. They had two daughters, Philippe and Felicie. During the 1st Crusade, he fought at the Siege of Nicaea in mid-1097. He commanded a division that broke out of Antioch in June 1098. He crusaded against the Muslims in Spain probably in 1108. In 1114 he aided his father-in-law, King Henry I, at the Siege of Belleme. At the request of his wife, Maud, a hide of land at Wanborough, Wiltshire was given to Lewes Priory. His wife, Maud, was drowned in the shipwreck of the White Ship 25 Dec. 1120. He was Governor of Tudela in Aragon and participated in campaigns in Aragon from 1123 until the mid-1130s. He returned to Perche by 1135. He married (2nd) before 1126 HAWISE OF SALISBURY, daughter of Walter of Salisbury (also known as Walter Fitz Edward), of Chitterne, Wiltshire, Great Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, North Aston, Oxfordshire, etc., hereditary Sheriff of Wiltshire, Constable of Salisbury Castle, by Sibyl, daughter of Patrick de Chaources (or Sourches) [see LONGESPEE 2 for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Geoffroi, Rotrou (III) [Count of Perche], and Etienne [Archbishop-elect of Palermo]. After King Henry I's death in 1135, he and his nephew, Richer de l'Aigle, extorted the castles of Moulins and Bonmoulins as the price for their support for King Stephen. In 1139 he was taken in the English king's pay and defeated the unruly knights of Breteuil. ROTROU II, Count of Perche, died 6 May 1144 at the Siege of the Towe of Rouen, he then being in the service of Empress Maud and her husband, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. His widow, Hawise, married (2nd) (as his 1st wife) ROBERT I, Count of Dreux and Braille [see DREUX 6], and, in right of his 1st wife, Count of Perche, seigneur of Bellème, younger son of Louis VI, King of France, by Alix, daughter of Humbert II, Count of Savoy and Maurienne [see FRANCE 5 for his ancestry]. They had one daughter, Alix (wife successively of Waleran III, seigneur of Breteuil, Guy II, seigneur of Châtillon-sur-Marne, Jean I, seigneur of Torote, Châtellain de Noyon, and Raoul I de Nesle, Count of Soissons). His wife, Hawise, died in 1152. Robert I, Count of Dreux and Braine, died 11 October 1188. Duchesne Histoire Généalogique de la Maison Royale de Dreux (1631): 13-42. Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 74-75 (sub Capetians), 423-425 (sub Comtes de Dreux). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Des Murs Hist. des Comtes du Perche de la Fam. des Rotrou (1856). Herald & Genealogist 3 (1866): 173-176. Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 255 (Genealogiæ Fusniacensis: "Rotaldus comes, prefati comitis filius, duxit filiam regis Anglie, de qua filiam procreavit. "). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 3940 (charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche, dated c.1119; charter witnessed by his sister [soror], Juliane, and her son, Richer), 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe). Money Hist. of the Ancient Town & Borough of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Boulais Receuil des Antiquitéz du Perche (1890). Romanet de Beaune Géographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (1894): 33-35. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 419 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "6 [Obiit] Rotrodos comes."). Lalizel Abbaye Royal d'Arcisses (Archives du Diocèse de Chartres 10) (1900): 3-10 (charters of Rotrou, Count of Perche). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. VCH Wiltshire 9 (1970): 174-186; 12 (1983): 67-86. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Traditio 41(1985): 145-179. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.649. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France (2002). Hollister Henry I (2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Power Norman Frontier in the Twelfth & Early Thirteenth Centuries (2004): 360-361. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Geoffrey Grossus Life of Blessed Bernard of Tiron (2009): 71, footnote 1. Child of Maud (or Mathilde) of England, by Rotrou II of Perche: a. PHILIPPE OF PERCHE, married HELIE OF ANJOU, Count of Maine, younger son of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine. They had one daughter, Beatrix (wife of Jean I, Count of Alençon). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe [assensu generis mei Helie filieque mee Romanet de Beaune Geographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30-31 ("... Helias vero ...comes Cenomannonun factus est, et xx annis adepto consulatu strenue potitis est. Heres quoque soceri sin Gervasii de Castro Lidi factus est, eujus filiam habuit, ex qua filiam nomine Eremburgem genuit, quam domino suo Fulconi, Andegavorum comiti, in matromonium copulavit … Uxor ejus ei filiam, Eremburgem nomine, peperit, quae, nubilibus annis, Fulconi, Andegavorum tunc comiti, nunc Ierosolymorum regi, nupsit et generosam sobolem genuit: Joffredum et Heliam, Mathildem et Sibyllam, quae filiis regum solemniter nupserunt"). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by various mistresses: i. GILBERT FITZ ROY. He was still young and unmarried in 1142. Nothing more is known of him. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 281 286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.660. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. WILLIAM DE TRACY. He died soon after his father. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121 (author states in error that William de Tracy had a daughter and heiress, Grace, wife of John de Sudeley, of Sudeley Castle and Toddington, Gloucestershire). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.659. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). iii. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ENGLAND, married CONAN III, Duke of Brittany [see BRITTANY 3]. iv. JULIANE OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 EUSTACHE DE PACY (or DE BRETEUIL), seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, illegitimate son of Guillaume, seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, by an unknown mistress. They had two sons, Guillaume and Roger, and two daughters. In 1119 he took part in the rebellion against King Henry I, who besieged his wife, Juliane, at Breteuil. She fled to Pacy, and in the autumn of 1119 Eustache and Juliane were pardoned by the king. A few years later she became a nun at Fontevrault. EUSTACHE DE PACY died at the beginning of Lent 1136, Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Depoin Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Saint-Martin de Pontoise (1895): 470-476 (Famille d'Ivry). C.P. 8 (1932): 209-210 (sub Lovel); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X11.648. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 304 (Fitz Osbem ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Norrnandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). v. MABEL OF ENGLAND, married before c.1125 GUILLAUME GOUET (or GORT), seigneur of Montmirail and Alluyes, son and heir of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail, Alluyes, Authon, la Bazoche-Gouet, Brou, and Château-du-Loir, by his wife, Eustachie Crespon. They had one son, Guillaume [seigneur of Montmirail]. He joined his parents and his brothers, Robert and Matthew, in the foundation of the Priory of St. Giles des Chateigniers as a cell of Tiron. In 1114, as William Gouet junior, he was one of the nobles of Thibaut, Count of Chartres, whom the count called to advise him. In 1116, with his father and mother, he gave judgment in a dispute between the abbey of Marmoutier and Gaston de Brou. As "Guillaume Goët le jeune," he witnessed a charter of Guillaume de Mesmerand to the leproserie of Chateaudun c.1120. He succeeded his father before c.1125. He made an agreement c.1125 with the Prior of Saint-Denis de Nogent regarding the churches of Ceton and Saint-Ulphace. He likewise gave c.1125 to the monks of Saint-Denis the church of Unverre that Gaston de Brou gave them and that his mother Eustachie unjustly retained; for which gift he received 10 livres and his wife, Mabel, 100 sous. About 1127 he witnessed a charter of Ives de Courville, by which he quitclaimed his land in Courville to Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. In 1136 he granted various privileges to Tiron Abbey. In 1140 he confirmed the gift of Bois-Ruffin made by Ursion de Meslay. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Guérard Cartulaire de Saint Père de Chartres 2 (1840): 471-476, 483-486, 494-495. Lépinois Histoire de Chartres 1 (1854): /41. Etudes sur le Maine, Noblesse du Maine aux Crusades (1859): 49-50. Charles & Elbenne Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans (1886-1913): Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbve de la Sainte-Trinité di Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cix (arms of Guillaume Goet dated 1139: Mi-parti au 1er d'argent à deux chevrons de sable; au 2e trois chevrons brisés d'or), 24-27, 78-79, 104-106. Merlet Inventaire-sommaire des Archives départementales anterieures (11790: Eure-et-Loir, Archives Ecclésiastiques, Serie H 8 (1897): 161. Souancé & Métais Saint-Denis de Nogent-le-Rotrou 1031-1789: Histoire et Cartulaire (1899): LVII-LIX, 103-104 (charter of Guillaume Gouet junior son of Guillaume Gouet dated c.1125), 104-106 (charter dated c.1125 naming Guillaume [Gouet] junior, son of Eustachie wife of [Guillaume] Gouet, and his wife, Mabel), 164-166. Bulls. de la Societé Dunoise Archeologie, Histoire, Sciences & Arts 10 (1904): 171-188. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.663, XIII.1014. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Child of Mabel of England, by Guillaume Gouet: a. GUILLAUME GOUET, seigneur of Montmirail, married ISABELLE (or ELIZABETH) OF BLOIS, Duchess of Apulia [see DONZY 4]. vi. CONSTANCE OF ENGLAND, married ROSCELIN DE BEAUMONT, Vicomte of Beaumont-en-Maine [see BEAUMONT 3]. vii. ALINE OF ENGLAND, married MATHIEU DE MONTMORENCY, seigneur of Montmorency [see LEICESTER 3 {sic: MONTMORENCY 3}]. v. SIBYL OF ENGLAND, married ALEXANDER I, King of Scots [see SCOTLAND 1.v], younger son of Malcolm III (Ceannmor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for his parentage]. He was born about 1077. They had no issue. By an unknown mistress, he had an illegitimate son, Malcolm. He became King of Scotland in 1107 on the death of his elder brother, Edgar, King of Scots. He and his wife, Sibyl, founded the monastery of Scone in Perthshire in 1113-14. He was also a benefactor to Durham and Dunfermline. He invaded Wales in summer 1114, in cooperation with King Henry I of England. His wife, Sibyl, died suddenly at Loch Tay 12 July 1122. ALEXANDER I, King of Scots, died at Stirling 23 April 1124, and was buried before the great altar at Dunfermline, Fife near his father. Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: “VII. Kal. Mali [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "VI. Id. Jul. [10 July] Ob. Sibilla Regina Scottorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Turnbull Extracta E Variis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 68 (Extracts ex Cronicis Scocie sub A.D. 1122: "Sibilla, illustris regine Scocie, uxor regis Alexandri, filia Henrici Beuclerk regis Anglie, apud Lochtay cellam canonicorum de Scona obiit anno Domini Moc.xxij"). Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis 2 (1849): 78 (sub A.D. 1123: "Alexander rex Scottorum, VII. kal. Maii [25 April], obiit."). Liber Ecclesie de Scone (1863): 1-3 (charter of Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl; charter witnessed by his nephew [nepos], Alexander, and by William, brother of the queen [frater regine]). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 3 (sub Kings of Scotland). Lawrie Early Scottish Charters prior to A.D. 1153 (1905): 28-30 (charter to Scone Priory dated c.1120 issued by Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl, "filia Henrici Regis Angliae"), 262. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 50-57. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.655, XIII.205. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 57. Duncan Kingship of the Scots 842-1292 (2002). Barrow Kingdom of the Scots (2003): 1541-56. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Oram David I: The King Who Made Scotland (2004). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 313 (Scotland ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I, by Isabel of Meulan, daughter of Robert of Meulan (or de Beaumont), Count of Meulan, by Isabel (or Elizabeth), daughter of Hugues le Grand Count of Crepy [see VERMANDOIS 5 for her ancestry]. Isabel de Meulan married (1st) Gilbert Fitz Gilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 6 Jan. 1147/8) [see PEMBROKE 3] and (2nd) Ralph Bluet, of Silchester, Hampshire and Lacock, Wiltshire (living 1167) [see PEMBROKE 3]. She was allegedly living in 1172. i. ISABEL OF ENGLAND. She and her mother, Countess Isabel, witnessed two undated charters of her half-brother, Richard Fitz Gilbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Her subsequent history is unknown. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 10 (1855): 261-263 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to the monks of Usk; charter witnessed by Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter, Ralph Bloet, and Walter Bloet). C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 361 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Gilbert to Goldcliff Priory; charter witnessed by Isabel the earl's mother and Isabel his sister). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-102 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke) ("Actually there is no reasonable doubt that Isabel [de Meulan]s daughter bore her mother's name, lived with her after the elder Isabel's marriage, and continued to do so after her step-father's death. For the first two witnesses to the 2nd Earl of Pembroke's charter for Usk are the Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter; and in the charter for Goldcliff Priory the first two witnesses are Isabel the Earl's mother and Isabel the Earl's sister. There is no evidence that she ever married."); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.657. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Alleged but unlikely daughter of King Henry I: i. EMMA OF ENGLAND, married GUY DE LAVAL, seigneur of Laval. Hollister Henry 1(2001): 228 ("Bertrand de Brousillon, La Maison de Laval, 1: 79: 'on pretend meme que l’abbaye de Clermont aurait conserve longtemps une tombe sur laquelle on lisait EMMA ANGLORUM REGIS FILIA DOMINAQUE LAVALLENSIS.' The author dismisses this tradition on the grounds that Robert of Torigny omits 'Emma' from his list of Henry's daughters, but the list is by no means complete. Emma is absent from the list of Henry I's illegitimate daughters in CP, 11, app. D, pp. 112-121.").”	of England, Maud (I6405)
6038	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY nicknamed “Beauclerc,” King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Cotentin, 4th son, born in 1068 or 1069. He married (1st) 11 Nov. 1100 MAUD OF SCOTLAND, daughter of Malcolm III (CeannMor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for her parentage]. She was born in 1079. They had one son, William, and one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, died at Westminster 1 May 1118. He married (2nd) at Windsor, Berkshire 29 Jan. 1121 ALICE (or AELIZ, ALEIDE, ALEYDA, AELIDIS, ADELIDE, ADELIDIS, ADELAIDIS, ADELIZA, ADELIZE, ATHELICE) OF LOUVAIN, daughter of Gottfried (or Godefroy) I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Louvain, by his 1st wife, Ida, daughter of Otto II, Count of Chiny. She was born about 1103. They had no issue. By various mistresses, he had eight illegitimate sons, Robert [Earl of Gloucester], Richard, Fulk, Reynold [Earl of Cornwall], Robert, Gilbert, William de Tracy, and Henry, and nine illegitimate daughters, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Rotrou II, Count of Perche), Alice, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Conan III, Duke of Brittany), Juliane (wife of Eustache de Pacy, seigneur of Breteuil and Pacy), Mabel (wife of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail), Constance (wife of Roscelin de Beaumont), Aline (wife of Mathieu de Montmorency), Sibyl (wife of Alexander I, King of Scots), and Isabel.* HENRY I, King of England died at Lyons-la-Forêt (near Rouen), Normandy 1 Dec. 1135, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. His widow, Alice, married (2nd) after Dec. 1136 but later than summer 1139 WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, Earl of Lincoln, afterwards 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), hereditary Chief Butler of England, Privy Councillor to King Henry I [see CLIFTON 3]. They had four sons, William [2nd Earl of Arundel or Sussex], Reiner, Henry, and Godfrey, and two daughters, Alice (wife of Jean I, Count of Eu and Alvred de Saint Martin) and Olive. He was a witness to King Stephen's 2nd Charter of Liberties in 1136. He was created Earl of Lincoln c.1138. He gave shelter to Empress Maud at Arundel Castle in 1139, but afterwards adhered to King Stephen. His earldom was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex before Christmas 1141. In his own later charters he is styled Earl of Chichester. About 1145 he witnessed a charter of Henry Hussey as "Consul Willelmo de Cicesterr." His wife, Alice, presented to the prebend of West Dean in 1150. Alice, dowager Queen of England, died as a nun at Affligem Abbey in Brabant 25 (or 26) March 1151, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. He was influential in arranging the treaty of 1153, whereby the Crown continued with King Stephen for life, though the inheritance thereof was secured to Henry II. He subscribed his name to this instrument as "Comes Cicestrie." By grant dated c.1155, King Henry II confirmed to him as "William, Earl of Arundel" the Castle of Arundel, with the whole honour of Arundel and all its appurtenances. He served as Joint Ambassador to France and to the Pope in 1163/4. He served as Chief Ambassador with Princess Maud to Germany in 1168. He was appointed joint Commander of the royal army in Normandy in 1173. In Sept. 1173 he assisted in the defeat near Bury St. Edmunds of the Earl of Leicester. He founded Buckenham Abbey, Norfolk and Pynharn Priory, Sussex. WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), died at Waverley Abbey, Surrey 4 (or 12) October 1176, and was buried at Wymondham Priory, Norfolk. [Footnote *: In 1824 the Scottish historian Chalmers stated that King Henry I of England had an illegitimate daughter, Elizabeth, who married Fergus, lord of Galloway (died 1161). [see Chalmers Caledonia 3 (1824): 250, footnote k ("Fergus [lord of Galloway] ... was a prince of some note, even at the court of Henry I. of England, is certain : as he took to wife, according to the heralds, genealogists, and chroniclers, Elizabeth, the natural daughter of Henry I.")]. Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway), however, debunked Chalmers' statement, noting that the authorities quoted by Chalmers "do not bear out his assertion." Even so, other secondary sources have continued to repeat Chalmers' unfounded claim: See, for example, Mackenzie History of Galloway (1841): 167-172 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England"); Anderson Scottish Nation 2 (1862): 195 ("Fergus, lord of Galloway ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England ..."); M'Kerlie Galloway in Ancient & Modern Times (1891): 155 ("It is necessary to repeat here that Fergus married Elizabeth, the natural daughter of King Henry I. of England."); Maxwell Hist. of Dumfries & Galloway (1896): 47-48 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, natural daughter of Henry I., and sister of Sibilla, who married Alexander I., brother of David."); Ramsay Angevin Empire (1903): 90, footnote 7 ("Gunfrith [i.e., Godred] was son of Olaf, by Afreca, daughter of Fergus of Galloway, by 'Elisabeth,' reputed natural daughter of Henry I."); Oram Lordship of Galloway (2000): 60; Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Barrow Robert Bruce (1965): 36, footnote 2 notes that "Roger Howden calls Uchtred son of Fergus of Galloway a cousin of King Henry II (Gesta Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Ser., i, 80)," a relationship which Professor Barrow states "is best explained on the supposition that Fergus married a bastard daughter of Henry I." However, given that King Henry II of England had a Scottish grandmother, a more likely explanation of the kinship between the Galloway and English royal families is that the wife of Fergus was near related to the Scottish royal family, possibly being a sister of William Fitz Duncan, whose grandfather was Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots [died 1093]. This arrangement would make Uchtred son of Fergus and King Henry II of England related in the 3rd degree of kindred (or second cousins).] D'Achery Spicilegium 10 (1671): 612-613 (Continuatio Chronici Afflegemiensis: "Filia præfati Ducis Aleidis juncta matrimonio Regi Angliæ, post obitum secundi con jugis Afflegemiensis Claustri solitudinem ad reliquum vitæ ad humandum corpus elegit in domo turti Ecclesiæ contigua, cum una aut akera ancilla in Fratrum Afflegemiensiurn quieta taciturna multitudine solitaria habitavit, & beato fine quievit, de qua epitaphium: Aleidis Regina Anglim, filia Ducis Godefridi cum barba, Regnum suscepit in Anglia an MCXXI. obiit 9 Kal. Maii [23 April], sepulta è regione horologii nostri."). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 30 (Kalendar of Obits: "IIII Non. December [2 December]. Obitus Henrici Regis."). Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 32-34. Morice Mémoires pour servir de Preuves à l'Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne 1 (1742): 130 (Extract of Cronicle of Robert, Abbot of Mont Saint Michel: "Anno 1135. Obiit Henricus I. Rex Anglorum in prima die Decembris, cum regnasset annis 35. & 4 mensibus."). Brequigny & Mouchet Table Chronologique des Diplômes, Chartes, Titres ... concernant l’Histoire de France 3 (1783): 236 (charter dated c.1155 of Alice Queen of the English [Adelaidis reginæ Anglorum]). Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: Kal. Maii [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 218 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "IV. Non. Dec. [2 December] Ob Henricus Rex Anglorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Norrnands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXI)). Tierney Hist. & Antiqs. of the Castle & Town of Arundel 1 (1834): 169-179. Michel Histoire des Ducs de Normandie et des Rois D'Angleterre (1840): 69 ("Li rois Henrie, quant la roine Mehaus fu morte, prist à feme Aalis, la fille Godefroi le duc de Louvaing, la cousine Wistasse [Eustace] de Bouloigne; mais n'en ot nul enfant. Si ot-il de bas .vj. Ills et .vij. fines"). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 135-211 (biog. of Matilda of Scotland), 212-256 (biog. of Adelicia of Louvaine). Barrett Memorials of the parochial Church ... in the Parish of Attleborough (1848): 12-41. Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis 2 (1849): 74 (Maud [of Blois], Countess of Chester, styled "niece" to King Henry I of England [neptis regis1). Ordericus Vitalis Ecclesiastical Hist. of England & Normandy 3 (1854): 482 (Roger Fitz Roger and Walter d'Aufay [Aufai] styled "cousins" to King Henry I at Battle of Bremule in 1119 by Ordericus Vitalis). Arch. Journal 20 (1863): 283 ("Adeliza appears to have used the identical matrux of the seal which had belonged to the first queen of Henry I., the name-Aalidis-having been substituted for Matli[Idis), 287-288 (charter of Queen Alice [Aelidis regina] ... There is appended ... a pointed oval seal of white wax .... device, a female figure standing ... The legend is + SIGILLVM • AALIDIS • SECVND[AE • DE]I • GRACIA • REGINAE • ANGLIE.), 288-289 (charter of Queen Alice [A. Dei gracia Regina]); 22 (1865): 152-153 (charter of William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Lincoln; charter names Queen Alice his wife [regina Adelidis]). Sussex Arch. Colls. 15 (1863): 112-113. Luard Annales Monastici 1 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1864): 14 (Margam Annals sub 1151: "Obiit Adelidis, regina secunda Henrici regis."); 3 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1866): 433 (Bermondsey Annals sub A.D. 1121: "Hoc anno rex Henricus primus duxit Adelizam, filiam ducis Lovaniae, in uxorem, tertio nonas Februarii [3 February]."). Burke Gen. Hist, of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited & Extinct Peerages (1866): 2-3 (sub Albini, Earls of Arundel). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. (1867): 21-33 ("In the Register of the Priory of Bromhale, we find the record of his death under the date of the 4th day of October, 22nd of Henry II (A.D. 1176), in the following words, `obiit Willielmus Comes Arundel' (no mention of Sussex or Chichester), et `sepultus est in prioratus de Wymondham.’"). Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptorum 20 (1868): 67 (Orderic Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, Liber X: Roger Fitz Richard [de Clare) styled "kinsman" [cognatus) of King Henry I of England). Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104-108 (discusses evidence that King Henry I had an illegitimate daughter, Maud (or Mathilde)/Almodis, who was Abbess of Montivilliers). Ellis Antiqs. of Heraldry (1869): 206-207 (Aubigny ped.). Lower Compendious Hist. of Sussex 1 (1870): 70 (Robert de Haia, founder of Boxgrove Priory, styled "king's kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry I). Delisle Delisle Chronique de Robert de Tongni 1 (1872): 215 (sub A.D. 1139: "Invitarerat enim eos Willermus de Albinneio, qui duxerat Aeliz quondam reginam, quæ habebat castellum et comitatum Hardundel, quod rex Henricus dederat ei in dote."); 2 (1873): 63-64 ("Cessit etiam in fata Willermus de Albineio, quem vocabant comitem d'Arundel, relinquens filios quatuor, scilicet Guillermum de Albineio pritnogenitum, et alios tres natos ex Aeliza regina, uxore primi Henrici regis Anglorum."). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1874): 298 (sub 1176: "comes etiam Willelmus de Arundel obiit quarto idus Octobris [12 October] apud Waverle, et sepultus eat apud Wimundham, cellam scilicet ecclesiæ Sancti Albani, cujus cellæ patronus fuisse dinoscitur."). Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Obiit autem Matildis regina Anglia anno regni sui xviiio, kalendis Maii [1 May], et apud Radingas sepulta est."). Merlet Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cviii (arms of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy dated 1115: D'argent au cavalier d'azur). D.N.B. 1 (1885): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1(1886): 66 (sub Arundel). Raine Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1886): 169 (History of the Four Archbishops by Hugh the Chantor - King Henry I and Pope Calixtus II were kinsmen: "Nam præter spiritualem patris et filii relationem, carnali consanguinitate propinqui erant, quorum avus et avia frater et soror fuerunt." (Note: Pope Calixtus II was a younger son of William I, Count of Burgundy, whose mother Alice was daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 5-8 (seal of King Henry I - Obverse. King, seated in majesty, in an undercoat with sleeves tight at wrists, and loose skirts reaching below knees; and long flowing cloak fastened at throat and spreading out behind, which has a border, with indications of a fur of symmetrical pattern. On the head a cap-shaped crown, with three fleurs-de-lis, one at top and one at either side, and two chin-straps hanging loosely at sides, the ends having buckles in shape of trefoils. In right hand, extended outwards from elbow, a sword is held almost perpendicularly. In left hand, similarly extended, an orb, ensigned with a long cross pattee pommettee. Throne, apparently square, and closely resembling that of William II.; the centre curves with a bold cusp inwards, with a string-course, and is the narrowest part. In lower of two compartments thus made, is a footboard, not enough remaining to show original size. On throne a flat cushion with square edge, carrying at each end a hemispherical ornament, intended for pillow. Reverse. King, hauberk of chain-mail; conical helmet, having a blunt point at crown of head, and perhaps armed with projecting nose-piece; single pointed spur of goad form; long lance to which is attached a banner, charged with cross moline, and three pairs of waving streamers. No indication of sword. In left hand, held by interior strap, a kite-shaped shield, seen from within. The horse is walking to the right hand, caparisoned with breast-band, which is ornamented by five globular pendants equi-distant. Saddle of small dimensions; with stirrups. The loosely gathered reins are held up in left hand, which also sustains shield. Legend: + HENRIC' D... ... ...). Round "An Unknown Mistress of Henry I." in Eng. Hist. Rev. 5 (1890): 745-746. Luard Flores Historiarum 2 ((Rolls Ser.) 1890): 69 ("Anno gratix MCLIo [1151]. Obiit Adelicia regina, uxor regis Stephani;" the editor notes that the name "Stephani" is erased in Ch. and altered to "Henrici I."). Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (Docs. sur la Province du Perche 3rd Ser. 2) (1894): 40-43. Recueil des Historiens des Castles et de la France 23 (1894): 471 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: "25 Mart. Obiit Adelicia regina."), 476 (Ex Necrologio Monasterii Crucis Sancti Leufredi: "25 Mart. [Obiit] Adeliza, regina Anglorum."), 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Mali. [Obiit] Matildis, regina Anglorum."), 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "12 Oct. [Obiit] Guillelmus, comes de Arundel."), 581 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Dec. [Obiit] Henricus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum."). Napier & Stevenson Crawford Coll. of early Charters & Docs. now in the Bodleian library (1895): 31 (William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Chichester dated c.1150; charter names his wife, Queen Alice [regina Adelide]). Bradshaw Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral Pt. 2 (1897): (obits. in the odd volume of the great Latin Bible), ccxxxviii (2 May - "Matildis regina uxor Henrici regis."), ccxlii (2 Dec. - "Henricus, pacificus rex Anglorum."). Trans. East Herts Arch. Soc. 1(1) (1901): 129-135 (charter of Queen Alice widow of King Henry I dated 1136 [Adelidis regina uxor nobillisimi regis Henrici & filia Godefridi ducis lotharingie]. C.C.R. 1227-1231 (1902): 530 (confirmation of gift of Alice, formerly Queen of England). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 316 (Abbaye de Saint-Denis: "kal. Maius [1 May] Ob. Matildis, Anglorum regina [1118]."), 523 (Prieure de Longpont: "kaL maii. [1 May] [obit.] Maltidis, Anglorum regina [1118]."). Warner & Ellis Facsimiles of Royal & Other Charters in the British Museum 1 (1903): #14 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Lincoln dated c.1139-40; charter names his wife, Queen Adeleidis), #27 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Chichester dated 1151-2; charter names his wife, Queen Athelice). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 1-2 (sub Kings of Scotland). Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 25-34. Eng. Hist. Rev. 21(1906): 505-509. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 2 (1906): 241 (Obituaire of Prieure de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan: "Henricus, rex Anglorum, frater noster, III nonas decembris [3 Dec.] [1135]."), 661 (Nécrologe of Abbaye de Saint-Jean-en-Vallée: 12 Dec.] IIII non. Obiit Henricus, Anglorum rex [1135], ecclesiarum amator praecipuus."). Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway) ("[Fergus, lord of Galloway] is said to have married Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of King Henry I. of England, but the authorities quoted by Chalmers, who makes the statement, do not bear out his assertion."). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Urseau Cartulaire Moir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (1908): 167-168 (charter of King Henry I dated c.1111=20). Gomme Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1909): 217 (sub A.D. 1100: Maud of Scotland, 1st wife of King Henry I, styled "kinswoman to king Edward [the Confessor] and of the true royal race of England."), 239-240 (sub A.D. 1127: Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone], Abbot of Saint-Jean of Angély (in Poitou), afterwards Abbot of Peterborough styled "kinsman" [mæi] of [Henry I] King of England and [Guillaume] Count of Poitou) [see also Earle and Plummer Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel 1 (1892): 257; English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-5601. CP. 1 (1910): 233-235, 237 (chart) (sub Arundel); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Round King's Serjeants & Officers of State (1911): 140-165. English Hist. Rev. 34 (1919): 303-382. Farrer Outline Itinerary of King Henry 1 (1920). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) XI 112. Rübel-Blass (1939) 257 (biographical information). G.H. White "Henry I's Illegitimate Children," in C.P. 11 (1949), Appendix D, 105-121. Leys Sandford Cartulary 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 22) (1941): 216. Johnson et al. Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066-1154 2 (1956): 148 (John [son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent], a royal chaplain, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of King Henry I of England in charter dated 1117-19). C.R.R. 12 (1957): 157-158 (Sibyl de Falaise, wife of Baldwin de Bolers, styled "kinswoman" [nepte] of King Henry I of England). Stenton First Century of English Feudalism, 1066-1166 (1961). Davis King Stephen (1967): 137 ("[King] Stephen recognized three successive earls of Lincoln ... The first was William d'Aubigny pincerna who married Queen Adeliza, widow of King Henry I, and in her right became lord of the honour and castle of Arundel. He styles himself William Earl of Lincoln in three charters in which his identity is proved by references to his wife. They are in favour of Lewes Priory and the abbeys of Reading and Affligem-and in the case of Affligem there is also a charter of Adeliza referring to her husband as earl of Lincoln (Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville 3245; Warner and Ellis, Facsimiles, no. 14; E. de Marneffe, Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Affligem in Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclesiastique de la Belgique, 2o section, pp. 104,106). In royal charters it is usually impossible to distinguish him from his successor, William de Roumare, since the normal style of both was Willelmus comes de Lincolnia, or (before he was an earl) from his father, William d'Aubignypincerna, who died before June 1139 (Reg. iii. 973). If Robert de Torigny is right (Chronicles iv. 137) William had married Adeliza by September 1139, and it is tempting to assume that it was on his marriage that he was made earl of Lincoln, his connection with that county being that his mother, Maud Bigod, was a grand-daughter, and possible co-heiress, of Robert de Tosny of Belvoir. We do not know precisely when he was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex, but it was certainly by Christmas 1141 when he attested a charter as Comite Willelmo de Sudsexa (Reg. iii. 276)."). Chibnall Ecclesiastical Hist. of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80): 317 (Vol. VI, Book XII - Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone] styled "kinsman" [cognato] of King Henry I of England) [see English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-560]. Albion 10 (1978): 330-340. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 95 (sub Hainault, Brabant); 2 (1984): 81 (sub England); 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Chibnall Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166 (1986). Green Government of England under Henry 1(1986). Hollister Monarchy, Magnates, & Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World (1986). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 1 (Camden Soc. 4th Ser. 31) (1986): 301, 369, 476. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.1.423, XII.371, X11.644-X11.645, XIII.207. Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 136 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "7 Kal. [Apr.] [26 March]. Obiit Atheliza regina."), 130 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit Rex Anglorum Henricus primus."), 146 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit rex Anglorum Henricus i."). Haskins Soc. Jour. 7 (1995): 101-116. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35, 57. Scottish Hirt. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I Pt 2 (List and Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 143 (confirmation c. 1172/81 of grant made by Queen Adela) (original published in Jour. of British Architetural Assoc. 17: 312). Scottish Hist. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Harper-Bill Anglo-Norman Studies XXI (1999): 145-168. Bartlett England under the Norman & Angevin Kings 1075-1225 (2000). Hollister Henry 1(2001). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.), 313 (Scotland ped.). Weller Die Heiratspolitik des deutschen Hochadels im 12. Jahrhundert (2004): 464-4.76 (biog. of Königin Adelheid von England) ("On page 476, Weller states: "Seine Gattin Adelheid von Lowen, die ehemalige Konigin von England, war schon 1151 wahrend des Bürgerkrieges verschieden und wurde in Reading beigesetzt ... Der Begräbnisort Kgn. Adelheids geht aus einem Schreiben Jocelins v. Löwen an Bf. Hilarius v. Chichester eindeutig hervor, vgl. Reading Abbey Cartularies 1, No. 551, 416E; s.a. Bartlett, England 596. Nicht stichhaltig ist demgegeniiber die van Sanderus, Chorographia 1, 45, verbreitete Nachricht, wonach Adelheid vor ihrem Tod in ihre Heimat übergesiedelt und im Kloster Afflighem gestoren and begraben sei; heirnach auch John Horace Round in dem Art.: Adeliza of Louvain, in DNB 1(1885): 137f.; Complete Peerage 1, 235. Allerdings ist Kgn. Adelheid als Wohltäterin von Afflighem aufgetreten unde hat dem Kloster einigen Besitz in England gestiftet; vgl. Cart. Afflighem, No. 79, 121-124 (hier 122)."). Verbeke Medieval Narrative Sources (2005): 21-36. Fleming Henry I & the Anglo-Norman World: Studies in Memory of C. Warren Hollister (2006). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006). Children of King Henry I of England, by Maud of Scotland: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, son and heir apparent, born in 1103. As his father's destined successor, he received the homage of the Normans barons in 1115, and that of the English witan in 1116. He married at Lisieux in May 1119 MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ANJOU, daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou. He was with his father at the Battle of Bremule in 1119. Early in 1120 King Louis of France invested him with the duchy of Normandy. He was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 160 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1120: "Willelmus filius Henrici Regis, & Ricardus frater ejus & Ricardus Comes de Cestria cum multis Nobilibus naufragio perierunt.”). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. D.N.B. 21(1909): 337 (biog. of William, son of Henry I, King of England). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 81 (sub England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.644. Caenegem English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I 1 (Selden Soc. 106) (1990): 180-181, 192-193, 213-214. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.). ii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, married (1st) HEINRICH V, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor; (2nd) GEOFFREY V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy [see next]. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by an unknown mistress, (possibly a member of the Bohun family): i. ROBERT FITZ ROY, Earl of Gloucester, married MABEL FITZ ROBERT [see GLOUCESTER 3]. Illegitimate sons of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Ansfride, widow of Anskill, a knight who was a tenant of Abingdon Abbey: i. RICHARD FITZ ROY, born before 1101. He served against the French in 1119, and was captured at Les Andelys. He was set free with his comrades by King Louis, because they had taken sanctuary in the church of Notre Dame du Grand Andely. Later the same year he was with his father at the Siege of Evreux and the Battle of Brémule. In Sept. 1119 he was sent to raise the Siege at Bréteuil. He was betrothed to Amice de Gael, daughter of Raoul, seigneur of Gael in Brittany and Bréteuil in Normandy. He was drowned immediately afterwards in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Amice subsequently married Robert of Meulan, 1st Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 6]. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Alium quoque habuit filium Ricardum, et cessavit parere... Navis enim infausta qun regis gestabat filios Willelrnum et Ricardum, submersa est, periitque in scopulis Barbefluvii."). C.P. 7 (1929): 527-530 (sub Leicester); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.646. Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni 2 (1992): 248-249 (Robert de Torigny: "Ricardus autem, huius comitis uno de patre frater, cum fratre suo Willelmo in sepedicto naufiagio periit."). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. FULK FITZ ROY. Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(II.647. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Sibyl Corbet: i. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall, Sheriff of Devon, 1173-5. He married in 1140 MABEL FITZ WILLIAM, daughter of William Fitz Richard, of Cornwall. They had one son, Nicholas, and four daughters, Denise (wife of Richard de Redvers, Earl of Devon), Maud, Sarah (wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges), and Emme (wife of Guy V de Laval, seigneur of Laval). By a mistress, Beatrice de Valle (or Vaux) (afterwards wife of William Briwerre, Knt.), he had an illegitimate son, Henry Fitz Count. By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, William. He was granted the lands of William, Earl of Mortain, amounting to 215-1/2 fees in Devon and Cornwall. He was created Earl of Cornwall about April 1141. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, were recognized by contemporaries as "the most powerful men in the kingdom." His wife, Mabel, fell into insanity in the 1140s. He witnessed a charter of Henry d'Oilly in the period, 1114-47. In 1153 he witnessed the agreement between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy [afterwards King Henry II]. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, acted as intermediary between the king and Thomas Becket at Northampton in 1164. He played a major part in opposing the rebels of 1173-4 in England. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall died 1 July 1175, allegedly at Chertsey, Surrey, and was buried at Reading, Berkshire. Dugdale Baronage (1675): 702 (sub Briwere) ("[William Briwere] having married Beatrix de Valle, a Concubine, as 'tis said, to Reginald Earl of Cornwall (which is probable, for in a Grant made by Henry Son to the same Reginald [Earl of Cornwall], unto this William [Briwere], of the Mannor of Karswell, and Land of Hakford, he calls him his Brother")) [Note: Dugdale evidently intended to say that Henry Fitz Count's brother was William Briwere the younger, as it was William Briwere the elder was the husband of his mother, Beatrice de Valle]. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 6, 98 (undated charter of Reynold son of King Henry to William de Botreaux son of Alice Corbet his aunt [matertera]; charter witnessed by his son, Nicholas; his nephews/kinsmen [nepotibus], Ralph and Richard, and his brother, William), 112. Topographer 2 (1790): 288-291. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 2 (1836 11): 239-240 (Bruere or Briwere ped.). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 163 ("Deditque ibidem Hereberto filio Hereberti, et Willelmo fratri comitis Reginaldi, et Joelllano de la Pumerai, nepoti eorum, regnum be Limeric pro servitio sexaginta militum"), 172 ("Nam Herbertus, et Willelmus, fratres Reginaldi comitis Cornubiae, et Joellanus de Purnetia nepos eorum, regnum illud havere noluerunt; sed illud reddiderunt domino regi et Johanni filio suo liberum et quietum ab omni calurnnia eorum"). Le Fizelier Mémoire chronologique de Maucourt de Bourjolly sur la Ville de Laval 1 (1886): 136-142. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-253 (William brother of Earl Reynold [Willelmus frater Comitis Reginaldi] held 1/2 knight's fee of Robert Fitz Roy in 1166), 261-262 (William brother of the Earl [Willelmus frater Comitis] held four knight's fees Reynold, Earl of Cornwall in 1166). Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 455-456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 34. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 75. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Colls. Hist. Staffs. 1924 (1926): 9, 219. English Hist. Rev. 62 (1947): 352-377 (charter of William de Marsh brother of Reynold Earl of Cornwall [Willelmus de Marisco frater Reginaldi comitis Cornubie]). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II], later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Minor & Butler eds. Letters of John of Salisbury 1 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1955): 162-163. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987): 9-10 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1154-65), 10-11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1146-55), 11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 195-196 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1165-75, witnessed by his son, Nicholas), 196-197 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 197-198 (two confirmation charters of King Henry II of England naming his "uncle" [avunculus] Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, one dated c.1174-5, the other dated c.1174-6). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(11.651, X111.996-1000. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Hollister Henry 1(2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart).Cornwall Rec. Office: Borough of Truro, BTRU/1 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1161-66) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, by Mabel Fitz William: a. MAUD OF CORNWALL, married ROBERT II, Count of Meulan [see VERMANDOIS 7]. Illegitimate child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, allegedly by Beatrice de Valle: a. HENRY FITZ COUNT, of Liskeard, Cornwall and King's Kerswell, Devon, Constable of Totnes Castle, 1209, Governor of Portchester Castle, 1211, Sheriff of Cornwall, 1215, 1217-20, Constable of Launceston Castle and Warden of the Stanneries, 1215. In 1194 he was granted the manors of Liskeard, Cornwall and Diptford and King's Kerswell, Devon by the king. In 1196 he witnessed the Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by his alleged step-father, Sir William Briwerre. In 1215 he had a grant of the county of Cornwall from King John, to farm until the realm should be at peace. The grant was renewed by King Henry III 7 Feb. 1216/7. He resigned the county to the king in 1220, when he took the cross. HENRY FITZ COUNT died a crusader in 1222. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Hunter Catalogue of the MSS in the library of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn (1838): 13. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(2) (1846): 924 (Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by William Briwer). Oliver Monasticon Dioecesis Exoniensis (1846): 174 (charter of Henry son of Reynold Earl of Cornwall; charter granted for the souls of his brothers and his mother), 179, 183. Trans. Exeter Diocesan Architectural & Arch. Soc. 2nd Ser. 1 (1867): 133-134. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 31(1870): 5. Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 21. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 9 (1902): 295-296 ("But Reginald de Dunstanville [i.e., Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall] had also by Beatrix de Valle (who afterwards became the wife of William Brewer, the judge of Henry II. and one of the regents of Richard I.) an illegitimate son named Henry FitzCount (sometimes FitzHenry), who became in after years also Earl of Cornwall."). Genealogist n.s. 20 (1904): 10-11. C.P. 3 (1913): 430 (sub Cornwall). Painter Reign of King John (1949): 231, 290, 348, 358-359. Hobbs Cartulary of Forde Abbey (Somerset Rec. Soc. 85) (1998): 116 (charter of Henry Fitz Count dated 1200-22; charter witnessed by William Brewer). North Devon Rec. Office: Chichester of Arlington, 50/11/29/3 (confirmation of a gift of land dated early 13th Cent. from Henry son of Earl Reginald to William de Tracy of all his land of Wollecombe [in Mortehoe] and Boklande, Devon, which William and his ancestors held of Henry and his ancestors, lords of Bradneys, as the charter of Hugh Ruffus testifies. To have and to hold to the aforesaid William, his heirs and assigns, of Henry and his heirs for ever, rendering all due and customary services. Seal of Henry son of Earl Reginald - Round, natural wax, armorial, surrounded by legend giving name of owner, chipped. The arms on shield resemble those of Courtenay family, but the Courtenays did not become Earls till 14th Cent.) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Henry III Fine Rolls Project (Baldekin styled "kinsman" of H[enry] Fitz Count in a fine roll item dated 1220; by whom he was earlier granted lands in Cornwall formerly held by Robert de Tintagel) (available at www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_015.html). Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith, daughter of Forne son of Sigulf, lord of Greystoke, Cumberland. Edith subsequently married ROBERT D'OILLY, of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, Constable of Oxford Castle. They had two sons, Henry and Gilbert. He and his wife, Edith, founded Oseney Priory near Oxford in 1129. Robert d'Oilly died in Sept. 1142. Sometime in the period, c.1145-56, his widow, Edith, granted a toft in Huggate and 68-1/2 acres in the fields there to the poor of the Hospital of St. Peter, York. Leys Sandford Cartulary 1 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 19) (1938): 50 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith), 92 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated before June 1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith, and his son, Henry). Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 505-508, 510 (charter of Edith wife of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1145-56), 510-511 (charter of Henry d'Oilly dated c.1145-56; charter witnessed by his wife, Maud), 518-519. Hedley Northumberland Fares. (1968): 233. i. ROBERT FITZ ROY. He held land in Devonshire in 1130. He witnessed a charter of his step-father, Robert d'Oilly, in the period, ?1130-35. He supported his half-sister, Empress Maud, in the Civil War. In the period, 1144-7, he witnessed a charter of his half-brother, Henry d'Oilly. In 1146-7 he witnessed a charter of Empress Maud and her son, Henry. About 1150 he granted 10 pounds of land in his manor of Wantage, Berkshire to the church of Oseney, with the counsel of Henry d'Oilly his half-brother. Sometime in the period, 1153-67, he witnessed a charter of Wigan of Wallingford. He married before 1162 MAUD D'AVRANCHES, widow of William de Courcy (or ?Geoffrey de Crimes?), and daughter of Robert d'Avranches, by ___, daughter of Gelduin de Dol. They had one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, was heiress of Richard Fitz Baldwin. In 1162 he granted St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter two ferlings of land in his manor of Calvalegie juxta Cobbalegiam, together with a man named Edwium son of Wranhi; charter was granted with with the consent of his wife, Maud d'Avranches. ROBERT FITZ ROY died 31 May 1172. His widow, Maud, died 21 Sept. 1173. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farms of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Coll. Top. et Gen. 1 (1834): 188 ("C. Rob[er]ti filii Henrici Regis per concessionem Mathildis, filiz Roberti de Avrenchis et heredis Ricardi filii Baldewini, dans totam vincam quam Rob'tus fil. Baldewini et Ricardus fester ejus Eccl. S.N. dederunt."), 382 (charter dated 1162 of Robert son of King Henry, granted with consent of Maud d'Avranches his wife [Robertus filius Regis Henrici, assensu Matillidis de Abrinco uxoris meae to St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter). Dugdale Monasticon Anglican = 5 (1846): 377-382 (Ford Abbey, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia: "Obijt denique vir ejus secundus, dominus Robertus filius regis Henrici anno Domini M.clxxii. pridie calendas Junii [31 May], et post ipsum vicecomitissa Matildis, itaque de Aubrincis ut prius nuncupata, undecimo calendas Octobris [21 Sept.] anno Domini M.clxxiii. et regni regis Henrici secundi 19."); 6(1) (1830): 253 (charter of Robert son of King Henry [Robertus Henrici regis filius]; charter names his [half-]brother [fratris], Henry d'Oilly). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Priory of Hexham 1 (Surtees Soc. 64) (1864): 138 (Chronicle of John, Prior of Hexham: "Emissi sunt autem ducenti milites cum Rodberto, filio Edae et Henrici Regis notho, et Johanne Marascaldo ...."). Freeman Reign of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 723. Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): 374 (charter of Robert son of King Henry dated c.1150). Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 3 (1881): 1-3. Maitland Bracton's Note Book 2 (1887): 137-138 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that he was the son of Hawise, the first born daughter of Maud d'Avranches; Hawise's sister, Maud de Courtenay, who was the plaintiff in the lawsuit, in turn testified that the said Hawise was the daughter of Geoffrey de Crimes (or Crunes, Cruues), the 1st husband of Maud d'Avranches), 404-405; 3 (1887): 450-452 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that his mother, Hawise, was the daughter of William de Curcy, husband of Maud d'Avranches). Notes & Gleanings 2 (1889): 50-56. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-254 (list of knights fees held by Robert Fitz Roy in 1166). Note-book of Tristram Risdon (1897): 53-56. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 73, 75, 101-102. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Seversmith Colonial Fams. of Long Island New York & Connecticut 5 (1958): 2426-2428. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.650, XIII.995. Reedy Basset Charters c.1120 to 1250 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 50) (1995): 25-26 (charter dated 1146-7 of Empress Maud daughter of King Henry I and her son, Henry; charter witnessed by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and Robert Fitz Roy). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Fizzard Plympton Priory (2008): 62, footnote 26. Child of Robert Fitz Roy, by Maud d'Avranches: a. MAUD FITZ ROBERT, married REYNOLD DE COURTENAY, of Sutton, Berkshire [see COURTENAY 1]. ii. ALICE FITZ ROY. In the period, ?1130-35, she witnessed a charter of her step-father, Robert d'Oilly, and her mother, Edith. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 72-73 (Alice daughter of the king [Adeliza Lila Reg.] witness to charter of Robert d'Oilly, his wife, and son dated ?1130-35). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Nest, wife of Gerald of Windsor, Constable of Pembroke, and daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwt, Prince of South Wales: i. HENRY FITZ ROY, of Pembrokeshire. He was killed during King Henry II's invasion at Anglesea in 1157 or 1158. He married ___. They had two sons, Meiler Fitz Henry [Justiciar of Ireland] and Robert, and presumably one daughter, Amabilis Fitz Henry (wife of Walter de Ridelisford). Williams ab Ithel Annales Cambriaes (Rolls Ser.) (1860): 47 (sub A.D. 1158: "Henricus filius Geraldi occisus est, velut alii volunt, filius Henrici regis ..."). Dimock Geraldus Cambrensis: Itinerarium Kambrice, et Descriptio Kambriæ (Geraldus Cambrensis Opera 6) (Rolls Ser.) (1868): 130 (Date: A.D. 1157: "Fuerant autem duo nobiles viti, et ejus qui scripsit haec avunculi, cum aliis hue a rege transmissi: Henricus scilicet regis Henrici primi filius, et secundi avunculus, ex nobili Nesta, Resi filii Theodori filia, in australi Kambria Demetiae finibus oriundus; et Robertus Stephani filius, Henrici frater non germanus sed uterinus."), 130, footnote 2 ("The death of Henry, her [Nest's] son by [King] H[enryl I., in this attack on Anglesea, is placed by Brut under 1156, in Ann. Camb. under 1158. By the former he is called Henry son of King Henry; by the latter, Henry son of Girald, or, according to others, son of king Henry. He was the father of the famous Meiler, the great hero of the Irish invasion."). Gilbert Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin 1 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 30-31 (charter of Walter de Ridelisford to St. Mary's Abbey; charter granted with consent of his wife, Amabilis Fitz Henry and witnessed by Meiler Fitz Henry). Orpen Ireland under the Normans 1 (1911): 18 (ped. chart). Jour. Royal Soc. of Antiqs. Ireland 82 (1952): 46-61. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.656. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 298-299 (biog. of Meiler Fitzhenry). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith: i. MAUD (or MATHILDE, MAHAUT) OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 (as his 1st wife) ROTROU II “the Great,” Count of Perche, seigneur of Belleme, son and heir of Geoffroi, Count of Mortagne and Perche, by Beatrix, daughter of Count Hilduin, Count of Montdidier and Roucy. He was born about 1080. Her maritagium likely included the manors of Aldboume and Wanborough, Wiltshire. They had two daughters, Philippe and Felicie. During the 1st Crusade, he fought at the Siege of Nicaea in mid-1097. He commanded a division that broke out of Antioch in June 1098. He crusaded against the Muslims in Spain probably in 1108. In 1114 he aided his father-in-law, King Henry I, at the Siege of Belleme. At the request of his wife, Maud, a hide of land at Wanborough, Wiltshire was given to Lewes Priory. His wife, Maud, was drowned in the shipwreck of the White Ship 25 Dec. 1120. He was Governor of Tudela in Aragon and participated in campaigns in Aragon from 1123 until the mid-1130s. He returned to Perche by 1135. He married (2nd) before 1126 HAWISE OF SALISBURY, daughter of Walter of Salisbury (also known as Walter Fitz Edward), of Chitterne, Wiltshire, Great Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, North Aston, Oxfordshire, etc., hereditary Sheriff of Wiltshire, Constable of Salisbury Castle, by Sibyl, daughter of Patrick de Chaources (or Sourches) [see LONGESPEE 2 for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Geoffroi, Rotrou (III) [Count of Perche], and Etienne [Archbishop-elect of Palermo]. After King Henry I's death in 1135, he and his nephew, Richer de l'Aigle, extorted the castles of Moulins and Bonmoulins as the price for their support for King Stephen. In 1139 he was taken in the English king's pay and defeated the unruly knights of Breteuil. ROTROU II, Count of Perche, died 6 May 1144 at the Siege of the Towe of Rouen, he then being in the service of Empress Maud and her husband, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. His widow, Hawise, married (2nd) (as his 1st wife) ROBERT I, Count of Dreux and Braille [see DREUX 6], and, in right of his 1st wife, Count of Perche, seigneur of Bellème, younger son of Louis VI, King of France, by Alix, daughter of Humbert II, Count of Savoy and Maurienne [see FRANCE 5 for his ancestry]. They had one daughter, Alix (wife successively of Waleran III, seigneur of Breteuil, Guy II, seigneur of Châtillon-sur-Marne, Jean I, seigneur of Torote, Châtellain de Noyon, and Raoul I de Nesle, Count of Soissons). His wife, Hawise, died in 1152. Robert I, Count of Dreux and Braine, died 11 October 1188. Duchesne Histoire Généalogique de la Maison Royale de Dreux (1631): 13-42. Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 74-75 (sub Capetians), 423-425 (sub Comtes de Dreux). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Des Murs Hist. des Comtes du Perche de la Fam. des Rotrou (1856). Herald & Genealogist 3 (1866): 173-176. Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 255 (Genealogiæ Fusniacensis: "Rotaldus comes, prefati comitis filius, duxit filiam regis Anglie, de qua filiam procreavit. "). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 3940 (charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche, dated c.1119; charter witnessed by his sister [soror], Juliane, and her son, Richer), 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe). Money Hist. of the Ancient Town & Borough of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Boulais Receuil des Antiquitéz du Perche (1890). Romanet de Beaune Géographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (1894): 33-35. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 419 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "6 [Obiit] Rotrodos comes."). Lalizel Abbaye Royal d'Arcisses (Archives du Diocèse de Chartres 10) (1900): 3-10 (charters of Rotrou, Count of Perche). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. VCH Wiltshire 9 (1970): 174-186; 12 (1983): 67-86. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Traditio 41(1985): 145-179. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.649. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France (2002). Hollister Henry I (2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Power Norman Frontier in the Twelfth & Early Thirteenth Centuries (2004): 360-361. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Geoffrey Grossus Life of Blessed Bernard of Tiron (2009): 71, footnote 1. Child of Maud (or Mathilde) of England, by Rotrou II of Perche: a. PHILIPPE OF PERCHE, married HELIE OF ANJOU, Count of Maine, younger son of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine. They had one daughter, Beatrix (wife of Jean I, Count of Alençon). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe [assensu generis mei Helie filieque mee Romanet de Beaune Geographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30-31 ("... Helias vero ...comes Cenomannonun factus est, et xx annis adepto consulatu strenue potitis est. Heres quoque soceri sin Gervasii de Castro Lidi factus est, eujus filiam habuit, ex qua filiam nomine Eremburgem genuit, quam domino suo Fulconi, Andegavorum comiti, in matromonium copulavit … Uxor ejus ei filiam, Eremburgem nomine, peperit, quae, nubilibus annis, Fulconi, Andegavorum tunc comiti, nunc Ierosolymorum regi, nupsit et generosam sobolem genuit: Joffredum et Heliam, Mathildem et Sibyllam, quae filiis regum solemniter nupserunt"). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by various mistresses: i. GILBERT FITZ ROY. He was still young and unmarried in 1142. Nothing more is known of him. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 281 286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.660. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. WILLIAM DE TRACY. He died soon after his father. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121 (author states in error that William de Tracy had a daughter and heiress, Grace, wife of John de Sudeley, of Sudeley Castle and Toddington, Gloucestershire). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.659. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). iii. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ENGLAND, married CONAN III, Duke of Brittany [see BRITTANY 3]. iv. JULIANE OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 EUSTACHE DE PACY (or DE BRETEUIL), seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, illegitimate son of Guillaume, seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, by an unknown mistress. They had two sons, Guillaume and Roger, and two daughters. In 1119 he took part in the rebellion against King Henry I, who besieged his wife, Juliane, at Breteuil. She fled to Pacy, and in the autumn of 1119 Eustache and Juliane were pardoned by the king. A few years later she became a nun at Fontevrault. EUSTACHE DE PACY died at the beginning of Lent 1136, Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Depoin Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Saint-Martin de Pontoise (1895): 470-476 (Famille d'Ivry). C.P. 8 (1932): 209-210 (sub Lovel); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X11.648. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 304 (Fitz Osbem ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Norrnandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). v. MABEL OF ENGLAND, married before c.1125 GUILLAUME GOUET (or GORT), seigneur of Montmirail and Alluyes, son and heir of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail, Alluyes, Authon, la Bazoche-Gouet, Brou, and Château-du-Loir, by his wife, Eustachie Crespon. They had one son, Guillaume [seigneur of Montmirail]. He joined his parents and his brothers, Robert and Matthew, in the foundation of the Priory of St. Giles des Chateigniers as a cell of Tiron. In 1114, as William Gouet junior, he was one of the nobles of Thibaut, Count of Chartres, whom the count called to advise him. In 1116, with his father and mother, he gave judgment in a dispute between the abbey of Marmoutier and Gaston de Brou. As "Guillaume Goët le jeune," he witnessed a charter of Guillaume de Mesmerand to the leproserie of Chateaudun c.1120. He succeeded his father before c.1125. He made an agreement c.1125 with the Prior of Saint-Denis de Nogent regarding the churches of Ceton and Saint-Ulphace. He likewise gave c.1125 to the monks of Saint-Denis the church of Unverre that Gaston de Brou gave them and that his mother Eustachie unjustly retained; for which gift he received 10 livres and his wife, Mabel, 100 sous. About 1127 he witnessed a charter of Ives de Courville, by which he quitclaimed his land in Courville to Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. In 1136 he granted various privileges to Tiron Abbey. In 1140 he confirmed the gift of Bois-Ruffin made by Ursion de Meslay. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Guérard Cartulaire de Saint Père de Chartres 2 (1840): 471-476, 483-486, 494-495. Lépinois Histoire de Chartres 1 (1854): /41. Etudes sur le Maine, Noblesse du Maine aux Crusades (1859): 49-50. Charles & Elbenne Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans (1886-1913): Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbve de la Sainte-Trinité di Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cix (arms of Guillaume Goet dated 1139: Mi-parti au 1er d'argent à deux chevrons de sable; au 2e trois chevrons brisés d'or), 24-27, 78-79, 104-106. Merlet Inventaire-sommaire des Archives départementales anterieures (11790: Eure-et-Loir, Archives Ecclésiastiques, Serie H 8 (1897): 161. Souancé & Métais Saint-Denis de Nogent-le-Rotrou 1031-1789: Histoire et Cartulaire (1899): LVII-LIX, 103-104 (charter of Guillaume Gouet junior son of Guillaume Gouet dated c.1125), 104-106 (charter dated c.1125 naming Guillaume [Gouet] junior, son of Eustachie wife of [Guillaume] Gouet, and his wife, Mabel), 164-166. Bulls. de la Societé Dunoise Archeologie, Histoire, Sciences & Arts 10 (1904): 171-188. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.663, XIII.1014. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Child of Mabel of England, by Guillaume Gouet: a. GUILLAUME GOUET, seigneur of Montmirail, married ISABELLE (or ELIZABETH) OF BLOIS, Duchess of Apulia [see DONZY 4]. vi. CONSTANCE OF ENGLAND, married ROSCELIN DE BEAUMONT, Vicomte of Beaumont-en-Maine [see BEAUMONT 3]. vii. ALINE OF ENGLAND, married MATHIEU DE MONTMORENCY, seigneur of Montmorency [see LEICESTER 3 {sic: MONTMORENCY 3}]. v. SIBYL OF ENGLAND, married ALEXANDER I, King of Scots [see SCOTLAND 1.v], younger son of Malcolm III (Ceannmor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for his parentage]. He was born about 1077. They had no issue. By an unknown mistress, he had an illegitimate son, Malcolm. He became King of Scotland in 1107 on the death of his elder brother, Edgar, King of Scots. He and his wife, Sibyl, founded the monastery of Scone in Perthshire in 1113-14. He was also a benefactor to Durham and Dunfermline. He invaded Wales in summer 1114, in cooperation with King Henry I of England. His wife, Sibyl, died suddenly at Loch Tay 12 July 1122. ALEXANDER I, King of Scots, died at Stirling 23 April 1124, and was buried before the great altar at Dunfermline, Fife near his father. Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: “VII. Kal. Mali [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "VI. Id. Jul. [10 July] Ob. Sibilla Regina Scottorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Turnbull Extracta E Variis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 68 (Extracts ex Cronicis Scocie sub A.D. 1122: "Sibilla, illustris regine Scocie, uxor regis Alexandri, filia Henrici Beuclerk regis Anglie, apud Lochtay cellam canonicorum de Scona obiit anno Domini Moc.xxij"). Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis 2 (1849): 78 (sub A.D. 1123: "Alexander rex Scottorum, VII. kal. Maii [25 April], obiit."). Liber Ecclesie de Scone (1863): 1-3 (charter of Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl; charter witnessed by his nephew [nepos], Alexander, and by William, brother of the queen [frater regine]). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 3 (sub Kings of Scotland). Lawrie Early Scottish Charters prior to A.D. 1153 (1905): 28-30 (charter to Scone Priory dated c.1120 issued by Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl, "filia Henrici Regis Angliae"), 262. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 50-57. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.655, XIII.205. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 57. Duncan Kingship of the Scots 842-1292 (2002). Barrow Kingdom of the Scots (2003): 1541-56. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Oram David I: The King Who Made Scotland (2004). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 313 (Scotland ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I, by Isabel of Meulan, daughter of Robert of Meulan (or de Beaumont), Count of Meulan, by Isabel (or Elizabeth), daughter of Hugues le Grand Count of Crepy [see VERMANDOIS 5 for her ancestry]. Isabel de Meulan married (1st) Gilbert Fitz Gilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 6 Jan. 1147/8) [see PEMBROKE 3] and (2nd) Ralph Bluet, of Silchester, Hampshire and Lacock, Wiltshire (living 1167) [see PEMBROKE 3]. She was allegedly living in 1172. i. ISABEL OF ENGLAND. She and her mother, Countess Isabel, witnessed two undated charters of her half-brother, Richard Fitz Gilbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Her subsequent history is unknown. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 10 (1855): 261-263 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to the monks of Usk; charter witnessed by Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter, Ralph Bloet, and Walter Bloet). C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 361 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Gilbert to Goldcliff Priory; charter witnessed by Isabel the earl's mother and Isabel his sister). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-102 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke) ("Actually there is no reasonable doubt that Isabel [de Meulan]s daughter bore her mother's name, lived with her after the elder Isabel's marriage, and continued to do so after her step-father's death. For the first two witnesses to the 2nd Earl of Pembroke's charter for Usk are the Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter; and in the charter for Goldcliff Priory the first two witnesses are Isabel the Earl's mother and Isabel the Earl's sister. There is no evidence that she ever married."); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.657. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Alleged but unlikely daughter of King Henry I: i. EMMA OF ENGLAND, married GUY DE LAVAL, seigneur of Laval. Hollister Henry 1(2001): 228 ("Bertrand de Brousillon, La Maison de Laval, 1: 79: 'on pretend meme que l’abbaye de Clermont aurait conserve longtemps une tombe sur laquelle on lisait EMMA ANGLORUM REGIS FILIA DOMINAQUE LAVALLENSIS.' The author dismisses this tradition on the grounds that Robert of Torigny omits 'Emma' from his list of Henry's daughters, but the list is by no means complete. Emma is absent from the list of Henry I's illegitimate daughters in CP, 11, app. D, pp. 112-121.").”	Fitz Roy, Henry (I6403)
6039	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY nicknamed “Beauclerc,” King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Cotentin, 4th son, born in 1068 or 1069. He married (1st) 11 Nov. 1100 MAUD OF SCOTLAND, daughter of Malcolm III (CeannMor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for her parentage]. She was born in 1079. They had one son, William, and one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, died at Westminster 1 May 1118. He married (2nd) at Windsor, Berkshire 29 Jan. 1121 ALICE (or AELIZ, ALEIDE, ALEYDA, AELIDIS, ADELIDE, ADELIDIS, ADELAIDIS, ADELIZA, ADELIZE, ATHELICE) OF LOUVAIN, daughter of Gottfried (or Godefroy) I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Louvain, by his 1st wife, Ida, daughter of Otto II, Count of Chiny. She was born about 1103. They had no issue. By various mistresses, he had eight illegitimate sons, Robert [Earl of Gloucester], Richard, Fulk, Reynold [Earl of Cornwall], Robert, Gilbert, William de Tracy, and Henry, and nine illegitimate daughters, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Rotrou II, Count of Perche), Alice, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Conan III, Duke of Brittany), Juliane (wife of Eustache de Pacy, seigneur of Breteuil and Pacy), Mabel (wife of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail), Constance (wife of Roscelin de Beaumont), Aline (wife of Mathieu de Montmorency), Sibyl (wife of Alexander I, King of Scots), and Isabel.* HENRY I, King of England died at Lyons-la-Forêt (near Rouen), Normandy 1 Dec. 1135, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. His widow, Alice, married (2nd) after Dec. 1136 but later than summer 1139 WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, Earl of Lincoln, afterwards 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), hereditary Chief Butler of England, Privy Councillor to King Henry I [see CLIFTON 3]. They had four sons, William [2nd Earl of Arundel or Sussex], Reiner, Henry, and Godfrey, and two daughters, Alice (wife of Jean I, Count of Eu and Alvred de Saint Martin) and Olive. He was a witness to King Stephen's 2nd Charter of Liberties in 1136. He was created Earl of Lincoln c.1138. He gave shelter to Empress Maud at Arundel Castle in 1139, but afterwards adhered to King Stephen. His earldom was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex before Christmas 1141. In his own later charters he is styled Earl of Chichester. About 1145 he witnessed a charter of Henry Hussey as "Consul Willelmo de Cicesterr." His wife, Alice, presented to the prebend of West Dean in 1150. Alice, dowager Queen of England, died as a nun at Affligem Abbey in Brabant 25 (or 26) March 1151, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. He was influential in arranging the treaty of 1153, whereby the Crown continued with King Stephen for life, though the inheritance thereof was secured to Henry II. He subscribed his name to this instrument as "Comes Cicestrie." By grant dated c.1155, King Henry II confirmed to him as "William, Earl of Arundel" the Castle of Arundel, with the whole honour of Arundel and all its appurtenances. He served as Joint Ambassador to France and to the Pope in 1163/4. He served as Chief Ambassador with Princess Maud to Germany in 1168. He was appointed joint Commander of the royal army in Normandy in 1173. In Sept. 1173 he assisted in the defeat near Bury St. Edmunds of the Earl of Leicester. He founded Buckenham Abbey, Norfolk and Pynharn Priory, Sussex. WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), died at Waverley Abbey, Surrey 4 (or 12) October 1176, and was buried at Wymondham Priory, Norfolk. [Footnote *: In 1824 the Scottish historian Chalmers stated that King Henry I of England had an illegitimate daughter, Elizabeth, who married Fergus, lord of Galloway (died 1161). [see Chalmers Caledonia 3 (1824): 250, footnote k ("Fergus [lord of Galloway] ... was a prince of some note, even at the court of Henry I. of England, is certain : as he took to wife, according to the heralds, genealogists, and chroniclers, Elizabeth, the natural daughter of Henry I.")]. Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway), however, debunked Chalmers' statement, noting that the authorities quoted by Chalmers "do not bear out his assertion." Even so, other secondary sources have continued to repeat Chalmers' unfounded claim: See, for example, Mackenzie History of Galloway (1841): 167-172 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England"); Anderson Scottish Nation 2 (1862): 195 ("Fergus, lord of Galloway ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England ..."); M'Kerlie Galloway in Ancient & Modern Times (1891): 155 ("It is necessary to repeat here that Fergus married Elizabeth, the natural daughter of King Henry I. of England."); Maxwell Hist. of Dumfries & Galloway (1896): 47-48 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, natural daughter of Henry I., and sister of Sibilla, who married Alexander I., brother of David."); Ramsay Angevin Empire (1903): 90, footnote 7 ("Gunfrith [i.e., Godred] was son of Olaf, by Afreca, daughter of Fergus of Galloway, by 'Elisabeth,' reputed natural daughter of Henry I."); Oram Lordship of Galloway (2000): 60; Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Barrow Robert Bruce (1965): 36, footnote 2 notes that "Roger Howden calls Uchtred son of Fergus of Galloway a cousin of King Henry II (Gesta Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Ser., i, 80)," a relationship which Professor Barrow states "is best explained on the supposition that Fergus married a bastard daughter of Henry I." However, given that King Henry II of England had a Scottish grandmother, a more likely explanation of the kinship between the Galloway and English royal families is that the wife of Fergus was near related to the Scottish royal family, possibly being a sister of William Fitz Duncan, whose grandfather was Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots [died 1093]. This arrangement would make Uchtred son of Fergus and King Henry II of England related in the 3rd degree of kindred (or second cousins).] D'Achery Spicilegium 10 (1671): 612-613 (Continuatio Chronici Afflegemiensis: "Filia præfati Ducis Aleidis juncta matrimonio Regi Angliæ, post obitum secundi con jugis Afflegemiensis Claustri solitudinem ad reliquum vitæ ad humandum corpus elegit in domo turti Ecclesiæ contigua, cum una aut akera ancilla in Fratrum Afflegemiensiurn quieta taciturna multitudine solitaria habitavit, & beato fine quievit, de qua epitaphium: Aleidis Regina Anglim, filia Ducis Godefridi cum barba, Regnum suscepit in Anglia an MCXXI. obiit 9 Kal. Maii [23 April], sepulta è regione horologii nostri."). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 30 (Kalendar of Obits: "IIII Non. December [2 December]. Obitus Henrici Regis."). Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 32-34. Morice Mémoires pour servir de Preuves à l'Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne 1 (1742): 130 (Extract of Cronicle of Robert, Abbot of Mont Saint Michel: "Anno 1135. Obiit Henricus I. Rex Anglorum in prima die Decembris, cum regnasset annis 35. & 4 mensibus."). Brequigny & Mouchet Table Chronologique des Diplômes, Chartes, Titres ... concernant l’Histoire de France 3 (1783): 236 (charter dated c.1155 of Alice Queen of the English [Adelaidis reginæ Anglorum]). Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: Kal. Maii [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 218 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "IV. Non. Dec. [2 December] Ob Henricus Rex Anglorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Norrnands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXI)). Tierney Hist. & Antiqs. of the Castle & Town of Arundel 1 (1834): 169-179. Michel Histoire des Ducs de Normandie et des Rois D'Angleterre (1840): 69 ("Li rois Henrie, quant la roine Mehaus fu morte, prist à feme Aalis, la fille Godefroi le duc de Louvaing, la cousine Wistasse [Eustace] de Bouloigne; mais n'en ot nul enfant. Si ot-il de bas .vj. Ills et .vij. fines"). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 135-211 (biog. of Matilda of Scotland), 212-256 (biog. of Adelicia of Louvaine). Barrett Memorials of the parochial Church ... in the Parish of Attleborough (1848): 12-41. Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis 2 (1849): 74 (Maud [of Blois], Countess of Chester, styled "niece" to King Henry I of England [neptis regis1). Ordericus Vitalis Ecclesiastical Hist. of England & Normandy 3 (1854): 482 (Roger Fitz Roger and Walter d'Aufay [Aufai] styled "cousins" to King Henry I at Battle of Bremule in 1119 by Ordericus Vitalis). Arch. Journal 20 (1863): 283 ("Adeliza appears to have used the identical matrux of the seal which had belonged to the first queen of Henry I., the name-Aalidis-having been substituted for Matli[Idis), 287-288 (charter of Queen Alice [Aelidis regina] ... There is appended ... a pointed oval seal of white wax .... device, a female figure standing ... The legend is + SIGILLVM • AALIDIS • SECVND[AE • DE]I • GRACIA • REGINAE • ANGLIE.), 288-289 (charter of Queen Alice [A. Dei gracia Regina]); 22 (1865): 152-153 (charter of William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Lincoln; charter names Queen Alice his wife [regina Adelidis]). Sussex Arch. Colls. 15 (1863): 112-113. Luard Annales Monastici 1 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1864): 14 (Margam Annals sub 1151: "Obiit Adelidis, regina secunda Henrici regis."); 3 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1866): 433 (Bermondsey Annals sub A.D. 1121: "Hoc anno rex Henricus primus duxit Adelizam, filiam ducis Lovaniae, in uxorem, tertio nonas Februarii [3 February]."). Burke Gen. Hist, of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited & Extinct Peerages (1866): 2-3 (sub Albini, Earls of Arundel). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. (1867): 21-33 ("In the Register of the Priory of Bromhale, we find the record of his death under the date of the 4th day of October, 22nd of Henry II (A.D. 1176), in the following words, `obiit Willielmus Comes Arundel' (no mention of Sussex or Chichester), et `sepultus est in prioratus de Wymondham.’"). Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptorum 20 (1868): 67 (Orderic Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, Liber X: Roger Fitz Richard [de Clare) styled "kinsman" [cognatus) of King Henry I of England). Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104-108 (discusses evidence that King Henry I had an illegitimate daughter, Maud (or Mathilde)/Almodis, who was Abbess of Montivilliers). Ellis Antiqs. of Heraldry (1869): 206-207 (Aubigny ped.). Lower Compendious Hist. of Sussex 1 (1870): 70 (Robert de Haia, founder of Boxgrove Priory, styled "king's kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry I). Delisle Delisle Chronique de Robert de Tongni 1 (1872): 215 (sub A.D. 1139: "Invitarerat enim eos Willermus de Albinneio, qui duxerat Aeliz quondam reginam, quæ habebat castellum et comitatum Hardundel, quod rex Henricus dederat ei in dote."); 2 (1873): 63-64 ("Cessit etiam in fata Willermus de Albineio, quem vocabant comitem d'Arundel, relinquens filios quatuor, scilicet Guillermum de Albineio pritnogenitum, et alios tres natos ex Aeliza regina, uxore primi Henrici regis Anglorum."). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1874): 298 (sub 1176: "comes etiam Willelmus de Arundel obiit quarto idus Octobris [12 October] apud Waverle, et sepultus eat apud Wimundham, cellam scilicet ecclesiæ Sancti Albani, cujus cellæ patronus fuisse dinoscitur."). Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Obiit autem Matildis regina Anglia anno regni sui xviiio, kalendis Maii [1 May], et apud Radingas sepulta est."). Merlet Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cviii (arms of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy dated 1115: D'argent au cavalier d'azur). D.N.B. 1 (1885): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1(1886): 66 (sub Arundel). Raine Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1886): 169 (History of the Four Archbishops by Hugh the Chantor - King Henry I and Pope Calixtus II were kinsmen: "Nam præter spiritualem patris et filii relationem, carnali consanguinitate propinqui erant, quorum avus et avia frater et soror fuerunt." (Note: Pope Calixtus II was a younger son of William I, Count of Burgundy, whose mother Alice was daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 5-8 (seal of King Henry I - Obverse. King, seated in majesty, in an undercoat with sleeves tight at wrists, and loose skirts reaching below knees; and long flowing cloak fastened at throat and spreading out behind, which has a border, with indications of a fur of symmetrical pattern. On the head a cap-shaped crown, with three fleurs-de-lis, one at top and one at either side, and two chin-straps hanging loosely at sides, the ends having buckles in shape of trefoils. In right hand, extended outwards from elbow, a sword is held almost perpendicularly. In left hand, similarly extended, an orb, ensigned with a long cross pattee pommettee. Throne, apparently square, and closely resembling that of William II.; the centre curves with a bold cusp inwards, with a string-course, and is the narrowest part. In lower of two compartments thus made, is a footboard, not enough remaining to show original size. On throne a flat cushion with square edge, carrying at each end a hemispherical ornament, intended for pillow. Reverse. King, hauberk of chain-mail; conical helmet, having a blunt point at crown of head, and perhaps armed with projecting nose-piece; single pointed spur of goad form; long lance to which is attached a banner, charged with cross moline, and three pairs of waving streamers. No indication of sword. In left hand, held by interior strap, a kite-shaped shield, seen from within. The horse is walking to the right hand, caparisoned with breast-band, which is ornamented by five globular pendants equi-distant. Saddle of small dimensions; with stirrups. The loosely gathered reins are held up in left hand, which also sustains shield. Legend: + HENRIC' D... ... ...). Round "An Unknown Mistress of Henry I." in Eng. Hist. Rev. 5 (1890): 745-746. Luard Flores Historiarum 2 ((Rolls Ser.) 1890): 69 ("Anno gratix MCLIo [1151]. Obiit Adelicia regina, uxor regis Stephani;" the editor notes that the name "Stephani" is erased in Ch. and altered to "Henrici I."). Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (Docs. sur la Province du Perche 3rd Ser. 2) (1894): 40-43. Recueil des Historiens des Castles et de la France 23 (1894): 471 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: "25 Mart. Obiit Adelicia regina."), 476 (Ex Necrologio Monasterii Crucis Sancti Leufredi: "25 Mart. [Obiit] Adeliza, regina Anglorum."), 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Mali. [Obiit] Matildis, regina Anglorum."), 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "12 Oct. [Obiit] Guillelmus, comes de Arundel."), 581 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Dec. [Obiit] Henricus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum."). Napier & Stevenson Crawford Coll. of early Charters & Docs. now in the Bodleian library (1895): 31 (William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Chichester dated c.1150; charter names his wife, Queen Alice [regina Adelide]). Bradshaw Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral Pt. 2 (1897): (obits. in the odd volume of the great Latin Bible), ccxxxviii (2 May - "Matildis regina uxor Henrici regis."), ccxlii (2 Dec. - "Henricus, pacificus rex Anglorum."). Trans. East Herts Arch. Soc. 1(1) (1901): 129-135 (charter of Queen Alice widow of King Henry I dated 1136 [Adelidis regina uxor nobillisimi regis Henrici & filia Godefridi ducis lotharingie]. C.C.R. 1227-1231 (1902): 530 (confirmation of gift of Alice, formerly Queen of England). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 316 (Abbaye de Saint-Denis: "kal. Maius [1 May] Ob. Matildis, Anglorum regina [1118]."), 523 (Prieure de Longpont: "kaL maii. [1 May] [obit.] Maltidis, Anglorum regina [1118]."). Warner & Ellis Facsimiles of Royal & Other Charters in the British Museum 1 (1903): #14 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Lincoln dated c.1139-40; charter names his wife, Queen Adeleidis), #27 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Chichester dated 1151-2; charter names his wife, Queen Athelice). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 1-2 (sub Kings of Scotland). Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 25-34. Eng. Hist. Rev. 21(1906): 505-509. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 2 (1906): 241 (Obituaire of Prieure de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan: "Henricus, rex Anglorum, frater noster, III nonas decembris [3 Dec.] [1135]."), 661 (Nécrologe of Abbaye de Saint-Jean-en-Vallée: 12 Dec.] IIII non. Obiit Henricus, Anglorum rex [1135], ecclesiarum amator praecipuus."). Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway) ("[Fergus, lord of Galloway] is said to have married Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of King Henry I. of England, but the authorities quoted by Chalmers, who makes the statement, do not bear out his assertion."). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Urseau Cartulaire Moir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (1908): 167-168 (charter of King Henry I dated c.1111=20). Gomme Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1909): 217 (sub A.D. 1100: Maud of Scotland, 1st wife of King Henry I, styled "kinswoman to king Edward [the Confessor] and of the true royal race of England."), 239-240 (sub A.D. 1127: Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone], Abbot of Saint-Jean of Angély (in Poitou), afterwards Abbot of Peterborough styled "kinsman" [mæi] of [Henry I] King of England and [Guillaume] Count of Poitou) [see also Earle and Plummer Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel 1 (1892): 257; English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-5601. CP. 1 (1910): 233-235, 237 (chart) (sub Arundel); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Round King's Serjeants & Officers of State (1911): 140-165. English Hist. Rev. 34 (1919): 303-382. Farrer Outline Itinerary of King Henry 1 (1920). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) XI 112. Rübel-Blass (1939) 257 (biographical information). G.H. White "Henry I's Illegitimate Children," in C.P. 11 (1949), Appendix D, 105-121. Leys Sandford Cartulary 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 22) (1941): 216. Johnson et al. Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066-1154 2 (1956): 148 (John [son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent], a royal chaplain, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of King Henry I of England in charter dated 1117-19). C.R.R. 12 (1957): 157-158 (Sibyl de Falaise, wife of Baldwin de Bolers, styled "kinswoman" [nepte] of King Henry I of England). Stenton First Century of English Feudalism, 1066-1166 (1961). Davis King Stephen (1967): 137 ("[King] Stephen recognized three successive earls of Lincoln ... The first was William d'Aubigny pincerna who married Queen Adeliza, widow of King Henry I, and in her right became lord of the honour and castle of Arundel. He styles himself William Earl of Lincoln in three charters in which his identity is proved by references to his wife. They are in favour of Lewes Priory and the abbeys of Reading and Affligem-and in the case of Affligem there is also a charter of Adeliza referring to her husband as earl of Lincoln (Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville 3245; Warner and Ellis, Facsimiles, no. 14; E. de Marneffe, Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Affligem in Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclesiastique de la Belgique, 2o section, pp. 104,106). In royal charters it is usually impossible to distinguish him from his successor, William de Roumare, since the normal style of both was Willelmus comes de Lincolnia, or (before he was an earl) from his father, William d'Aubignypincerna, who died before June 1139 (Reg. iii. 973). If Robert de Torigny is right (Chronicles iv. 137) William had married Adeliza by September 1139, and it is tempting to assume that it was on his marriage that he was made earl of Lincoln, his connection with that county being that his mother, Maud Bigod, was a grand-daughter, and possible co-heiress, of Robert de Tosny of Belvoir. We do not know precisely when he was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex, but it was certainly by Christmas 1141 when he attested a charter as Comite Willelmo de Sudsexa (Reg. iii. 276)."). Chibnall Ecclesiastical Hist. of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80): 317 (Vol. VI, Book XII - Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone] styled "kinsman" [cognato] of King Henry I of England) [see English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-560]. Albion 10 (1978): 330-340. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 95 (sub Hainault, Brabant); 2 (1984): 81 (sub England); 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Chibnall Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166 (1986). Green Government of England under Henry 1(1986). Hollister Monarchy, Magnates, & Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World (1986). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 1 (Camden Soc. 4th Ser. 31) (1986): 301, 369, 476. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.1.423, XII.371, X11.644-X11.645, XIII.207. Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 136 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "7 Kal. [Apr.] [26 March]. Obiit Atheliza regina."), 130 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit Rex Anglorum Henricus primus."), 146 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit rex Anglorum Henricus i."). Haskins Soc. Jour. 7 (1995): 101-116. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35, 57. Scottish Hirt. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I Pt 2 (List and Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 143 (confirmation c. 1172/81 of grant made by Queen Adela) (original published in Jour. of British Architetural Assoc. 17: 312). Scottish Hist. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Harper-Bill Anglo-Norman Studies XXI (1999): 145-168. Bartlett England under the Norman & Angevin Kings 1075-1225 (2000). Hollister Henry 1(2001). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.), 313 (Scotland ped.). Weller Die Heiratspolitik des deutschen Hochadels im 12. Jahrhundert (2004): 464-4.76 (biog. of Königin Adelheid von England) ("On page 476, Weller states: "Seine Gattin Adelheid von Lowen, die ehemalige Konigin von England, war schon 1151 wahrend des Bürgerkrieges verschieden und wurde in Reading beigesetzt ... Der Begräbnisort Kgn. Adelheids geht aus einem Schreiben Jocelins v. Löwen an Bf. Hilarius v. Chichester eindeutig hervor, vgl. Reading Abbey Cartularies 1, No. 551, 416E; s.a. Bartlett, England 596. Nicht stichhaltig ist demgegeniiber die van Sanderus, Chorographia 1, 45, verbreitete Nachricht, wonach Adelheid vor ihrem Tod in ihre Heimat übergesiedelt und im Kloster Afflighem gestoren and begraben sei; heirnach auch John Horace Round in dem Art.: Adeliza of Louvain, in DNB 1(1885): 137f.; Complete Peerage 1, 235. Allerdings ist Kgn. Adelheid als Wohltäterin von Afflighem aufgetreten unde hat dem Kloster einigen Besitz in England gestiftet; vgl. Cart. Afflighem, No. 79, 121-124 (hier 122)."). Verbeke Medieval Narrative Sources (2005): 21-36. Fleming Henry I & the Anglo-Norman World: Studies in Memory of C. Warren Hollister (2006). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006). Children of King Henry I of England, by Maud of Scotland: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, son and heir apparent, born in 1103. As his father's destined successor, he received the homage of the Normans barons in 1115, and that of the English witan in 1116. He married at Lisieux in May 1119 MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ANJOU, daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou. He was with his father at the Battle of Bremule in 1119. Early in 1120 King Louis of France invested him with the duchy of Normandy. He was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 160 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1120: "Willelmus filius Henrici Regis, & Ricardus frater ejus & Ricardus Comes de Cestria cum multis Nobilibus naufragio perierunt.”). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. D.N.B. 21(1909): 337 (biog. of William, son of Henry I, King of England). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 81 (sub England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.644. Caenegem English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I 1 (Selden Soc. 106) (1990): 180-181, 192-193, 213-214. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.). ii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, married (1st) HEINRICH V, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor; (2nd) GEOFFREY V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy [see next]. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by an unknown mistress, (possibly a member of the Bohun family): i. ROBERT FITZ ROY, Earl of Gloucester, married MABEL FITZ ROBERT [see GLOUCESTER 3]. Illegitimate sons of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Ansfride, widow of Anskill, a knight who was a tenant of Abingdon Abbey: i. RICHARD FITZ ROY, born before 1101. He served against the French in 1119, and was captured at Les Andelys. He was set free with his comrades by King Louis, because they had taken sanctuary in the church of Notre Dame du Grand Andely. Later the same year he was with his father at the Siege of Evreux and the Battle of Brémule. In Sept. 1119 he was sent to raise the Siege at Bréteuil. He was betrothed to Amice de Gael, daughter of Raoul, seigneur of Gael in Brittany and Bréteuil in Normandy. He was drowned immediately afterwards in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Amice subsequently married Robert of Meulan, 1st Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 6]. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Alium quoque habuit filium Ricardum, et cessavit parere... Navis enim infausta qun regis gestabat filios Willelrnum et Ricardum, submersa est, periitque in scopulis Barbefluvii."). C.P. 7 (1929): 527-530 (sub Leicester); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.646. Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni 2 (1992): 248-249 (Robert de Torigny: "Ricardus autem, huius comitis uno de patre frater, cum fratre suo Willelmo in sepedicto naufiagio periit."). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. FULK FITZ ROY. Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(II.647. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Sibyl Corbet: i. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall, Sheriff of Devon, 1173-5. He married in 1140 MABEL FITZ WILLIAM, daughter of William Fitz Richard, of Cornwall. They had one son, Nicholas, and four daughters, Denise (wife of Richard de Redvers, Earl of Devon), Maud, Sarah (wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges), and Emme (wife of Guy V de Laval, seigneur of Laval). By a mistress, Beatrice de Valle (or Vaux) (afterwards wife of William Briwerre, Knt.), he had an illegitimate son, Henry Fitz Count. By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, William. He was granted the lands of William, Earl of Mortain, amounting to 215-1/2 fees in Devon and Cornwall. He was created Earl of Cornwall about April 1141. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, were recognized by contemporaries as "the most powerful men in the kingdom." His wife, Mabel, fell into insanity in the 1140s. He witnessed a charter of Henry d'Oilly in the period, 1114-47. In 1153 he witnessed the agreement between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy [afterwards King Henry II]. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, acted as intermediary between the king and Thomas Becket at Northampton in 1164. He played a major part in opposing the rebels of 1173-4 in England. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall died 1 July 1175, allegedly at Chertsey, Surrey, and was buried at Reading, Berkshire. Dugdale Baronage (1675): 702 (sub Briwere) ("[William Briwere] having married Beatrix de Valle, a Concubine, as 'tis said, to Reginald Earl of Cornwall (which is probable, for in a Grant made by Henry Son to the same Reginald [Earl of Cornwall], unto this William [Briwere], of the Mannor of Karswell, and Land of Hakford, he calls him his Brother")) [Note: Dugdale evidently intended to say that Henry Fitz Count's brother was William Briwere the younger, as it was William Briwere the elder was the husband of his mother, Beatrice de Valle]. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 6, 98 (undated charter of Reynold son of King Henry to William de Botreaux son of Alice Corbet his aunt [matertera]; charter witnessed by his son, Nicholas; his nephews/kinsmen [nepotibus], Ralph and Richard, and his brother, William), 112. Topographer 2 (1790): 288-291. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 2 (1836 11): 239-240 (Bruere or Briwere ped.). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 163 ("Deditque ibidem Hereberto filio Hereberti, et Willelmo fratri comitis Reginaldi, et Joelllano de la Pumerai, nepoti eorum, regnum be Limeric pro servitio sexaginta militum"), 172 ("Nam Herbertus, et Willelmus, fratres Reginaldi comitis Cornubiae, et Joellanus de Purnetia nepos eorum, regnum illud havere noluerunt; sed illud reddiderunt domino regi et Johanni filio suo liberum et quietum ab omni calurnnia eorum"). Le Fizelier Mémoire chronologique de Maucourt de Bourjolly sur la Ville de Laval 1 (1886): 136-142. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-253 (William brother of Earl Reynold [Willelmus frater Comitis Reginaldi] held 1/2 knight's fee of Robert Fitz Roy in 1166), 261-262 (William brother of the Earl [Willelmus frater Comitis] held four knight's fees Reynold, Earl of Cornwall in 1166). Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 455-456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 34. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 75. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Colls. Hist. Staffs. 1924 (1926): 9, 219. English Hist. Rev. 62 (1947): 352-377 (charter of William de Marsh brother of Reynold Earl of Cornwall [Willelmus de Marisco frater Reginaldi comitis Cornubie]). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II], later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Minor & Butler eds. Letters of John of Salisbury 1 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1955): 162-163. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987): 9-10 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1154-65), 10-11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1146-55), 11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 195-196 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1165-75, witnessed by his son, Nicholas), 196-197 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 197-198 (two confirmation charters of King Henry II of England naming his "uncle" [avunculus] Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, one dated c.1174-5, the other dated c.1174-6). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(11.651, X111.996-1000. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Hollister Henry 1(2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart).Cornwall Rec. Office: Borough of Truro, BTRU/1 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1161-66) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, by Mabel Fitz William: a. MAUD OF CORNWALL, married ROBERT II, Count of Meulan [see VERMANDOIS 7]. Illegitimate child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, allegedly by Beatrice de Valle: a. HENRY FITZ COUNT, of Liskeard, Cornwall and King's Kerswell, Devon, Constable of Totnes Castle, 1209, Governor of Portchester Castle, 1211, Sheriff of Cornwall, 1215, 1217-20, Constable of Launceston Castle and Warden of the Stanneries, 1215. In 1194 he was granted the manors of Liskeard, Cornwall and Diptford and King's Kerswell, Devon by the king. In 1196 he witnessed the Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by his alleged step-father, Sir William Briwerre. In 1215 he had a grant of the county of Cornwall from King John, to farm until the realm should be at peace. The grant was renewed by King Henry III 7 Feb. 1216/7. He resigned the county to the king in 1220, when he took the cross. HENRY FITZ COUNT died a crusader in 1222. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Hunter Catalogue of the MSS in the library of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn (1838): 13. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(2) (1846): 924 (Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by William Briwer). Oliver Monasticon Dioecesis Exoniensis (1846): 174 (charter of Henry son of Reynold Earl of Cornwall; charter granted for the souls of his brothers and his mother), 179, 183. Trans. Exeter Diocesan Architectural & Arch. Soc. 2nd Ser. 1 (1867): 133-134. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 31(1870): 5. Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 21. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 9 (1902): 295-296 ("But Reginald de Dunstanville [i.e., Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall] had also by Beatrix de Valle (who afterwards became the wife of William Brewer, the judge of Henry II. and one of the regents of Richard I.) an illegitimate son named Henry FitzCount (sometimes FitzHenry), who became in after years also Earl of Cornwall."). Genealogist n.s. 20 (1904): 10-11. C.P. 3 (1913): 430 (sub Cornwall). Painter Reign of King John (1949): 231, 290, 348, 358-359. Hobbs Cartulary of Forde Abbey (Somerset Rec. Soc. 85) (1998): 116 (charter of Henry Fitz Count dated 1200-22; charter witnessed by William Brewer). North Devon Rec. Office: Chichester of Arlington, 50/11/29/3 (confirmation of a gift of land dated early 13th Cent. from Henry son of Earl Reginald to William de Tracy of all his land of Wollecombe [in Mortehoe] and Boklande, Devon, which William and his ancestors held of Henry and his ancestors, lords of Bradneys, as the charter of Hugh Ruffus testifies. To have and to hold to the aforesaid William, his heirs and assigns, of Henry and his heirs for ever, rendering all due and customary services. Seal of Henry son of Earl Reginald - Round, natural wax, armorial, surrounded by legend giving name of owner, chipped. The arms on shield resemble those of Courtenay family, but the Courtenays did not become Earls till 14th Cent.) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Henry III Fine Rolls Project (Baldekin styled "kinsman" of H[enry] Fitz Count in a fine roll item dated 1220; by whom he was earlier granted lands in Cornwall formerly held by Robert de Tintagel) (available at www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_015.html). Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith, daughter of Forne son of Sigulf, lord of Greystoke, Cumberland. Edith subsequently married ROBERT D'OILLY, of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, Constable of Oxford Castle. They had two sons, Henry and Gilbert. He and his wife, Edith, founded Oseney Priory near Oxford in 1129. Robert d'Oilly died in Sept. 1142. Sometime in the period, c.1145-56, his widow, Edith, granted a toft in Huggate and 68-1/2 acres in the fields there to the poor of the Hospital of St. Peter, York. Leys Sandford Cartulary 1 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 19) (1938): 50 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith), 92 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated before June 1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith, and his son, Henry). Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 505-508, 510 (charter of Edith wife of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1145-56), 510-511 (charter of Henry d'Oilly dated c.1145-56; charter witnessed by his wife, Maud), 518-519. Hedley Northumberland Fares. (1968): 233. i. ROBERT FITZ ROY. He held land in Devonshire in 1130. He witnessed a charter of his step-father, Robert d'Oilly, in the period, ?1130-35. He supported his half-sister, Empress Maud, in the Civil War. In the period, 1144-7, he witnessed a charter of his half-brother, Henry d'Oilly. In 1146-7 he witnessed a charter of Empress Maud and her son, Henry. About 1150 he granted 10 pounds of land in his manor of Wantage, Berkshire to the church of Oseney, with the counsel of Henry d'Oilly his half-brother. Sometime in the period, 1153-67, he witnessed a charter of Wigan of Wallingford. He married before 1162 MAUD D'AVRANCHES, widow of William de Courcy (or ?Geoffrey de Crimes?), and daughter of Robert d'Avranches, by ___, daughter of Gelduin de Dol. They had one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, was heiress of Richard Fitz Baldwin. In 1162 he granted St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter two ferlings of land in his manor of Calvalegie juxta Cobbalegiam, together with a man named Edwium son of Wranhi; charter was granted with with the consent of his wife, Maud d'Avranches. ROBERT FITZ ROY died 31 May 1172. His widow, Maud, died 21 Sept. 1173. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farms of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Coll. Top. et Gen. 1 (1834): 188 ("C. Rob[er]ti filii Henrici Regis per concessionem Mathildis, filiz Roberti de Avrenchis et heredis Ricardi filii Baldewini, dans totam vincam quam Rob'tus fil. Baldewini et Ricardus fester ejus Eccl. S.N. dederunt."), 382 (charter dated 1162 of Robert son of King Henry, granted with consent of Maud d'Avranches his wife [Robertus filius Regis Henrici, assensu Matillidis de Abrinco uxoris meae to St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter). Dugdale Monasticon Anglican = 5 (1846): 377-382 (Ford Abbey, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia: "Obijt denique vir ejus secundus, dominus Robertus filius regis Henrici anno Domini M.clxxii. pridie calendas Junii [31 May], et post ipsum vicecomitissa Matildis, itaque de Aubrincis ut prius nuncupata, undecimo calendas Octobris [21 Sept.] anno Domini M.clxxiii. et regni regis Henrici secundi 19."); 6(1) (1830): 253 (charter of Robert son of King Henry [Robertus Henrici regis filius]; charter names his [half-]brother [fratris], Henry d'Oilly). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Priory of Hexham 1 (Surtees Soc. 64) (1864): 138 (Chronicle of John, Prior of Hexham: "Emissi sunt autem ducenti milites cum Rodberto, filio Edae et Henrici Regis notho, et Johanne Marascaldo ...."). Freeman Reign of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 723. Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): 374 (charter of Robert son of King Henry dated c.1150). Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 3 (1881): 1-3. Maitland Bracton's Note Book 2 (1887): 137-138 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that he was the son of Hawise, the first born daughter of Maud d'Avranches; Hawise's sister, Maud de Courtenay, who was the plaintiff in the lawsuit, in turn testified that the said Hawise was the daughter of Geoffrey de Crimes (or Crunes, Cruues), the 1st husband of Maud d'Avranches), 404-405; 3 (1887): 450-452 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that his mother, Hawise, was the daughter of William de Curcy, husband of Maud d'Avranches). Notes & Gleanings 2 (1889): 50-56. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-254 (list of knights fees held by Robert Fitz Roy in 1166). Note-book of Tristram Risdon (1897): 53-56. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 73, 75, 101-102. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Seversmith Colonial Fams. of Long Island New York & Connecticut 5 (1958): 2426-2428. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.650, XIII.995. Reedy Basset Charters c.1120 to 1250 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 50) (1995): 25-26 (charter dated 1146-7 of Empress Maud daughter of King Henry I and her son, Henry; charter witnessed by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and Robert Fitz Roy). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Fizzard Plympton Priory (2008): 62, footnote 26. Child of Robert Fitz Roy, by Maud d'Avranches: a. MAUD FITZ ROBERT, married REYNOLD DE COURTENAY, of Sutton, Berkshire [see COURTENAY 1]. ii. ALICE FITZ ROY. In the period, ?1130-35, she witnessed a charter of her step-father, Robert d'Oilly, and her mother, Edith. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 72-73 (Alice daughter of the king [Adeliza Lila Reg.] witness to charter of Robert d'Oilly, his wife, and son dated ?1130-35). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Nest, wife of Gerald of Windsor, Constable of Pembroke, and daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwt, Prince of South Wales: i. HENRY FITZ ROY, of Pembrokeshire. He was killed during King Henry II's invasion at Anglesea in 1157 or 1158. He married ___. They had two sons, Meiler Fitz Henry [Justiciar of Ireland] and Robert, and presumably one daughter, Amabilis Fitz Henry (wife of Walter de Ridelisford). Williams ab Ithel Annales Cambriaes (Rolls Ser.) (1860): 47 (sub A.D. 1158: "Henricus filius Geraldi occisus est, velut alii volunt, filius Henrici regis ..."). Dimock Geraldus Cambrensis: Itinerarium Kambrice, et Descriptio Kambriæ (Geraldus Cambrensis Opera 6) (Rolls Ser.) (1868): 130 (Date: A.D. 1157: "Fuerant autem duo nobiles viti, et ejus qui scripsit haec avunculi, cum aliis hue a rege transmissi: Henricus scilicet regis Henrici primi filius, et secundi avunculus, ex nobili Nesta, Resi filii Theodori filia, in australi Kambria Demetiae finibus oriundus; et Robertus Stephani filius, Henrici frater non germanus sed uterinus."), 130, footnote 2 ("The death of Henry, her [Nest's] son by [King] H[enryl I., in this attack on Anglesea, is placed by Brut under 1156, in Ann. Camb. under 1158. By the former he is called Henry son of King Henry; by the latter, Henry son of Girald, or, according to others, son of king Henry. He was the father of the famous Meiler, the great hero of the Irish invasion."). Gilbert Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin 1 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 30-31 (charter of Walter de Ridelisford to St. Mary's Abbey; charter granted with consent of his wife, Amabilis Fitz Henry and witnessed by Meiler Fitz Henry). Orpen Ireland under the Normans 1 (1911): 18 (ped. chart). Jour. Royal Soc. of Antiqs. Ireland 82 (1952): 46-61. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.656. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 298-299 (biog. of Meiler Fitzhenry). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith: i. MAUD (or MATHILDE, MAHAUT) OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 (as his 1st wife) ROTROU II “the Great,” Count of Perche, seigneur of Belleme, son and heir of Geoffroi, Count of Mortagne and Perche, by Beatrix, daughter of Count Hilduin, Count of Montdidier and Roucy. He was born about 1080. Her maritagium likely included the manors of Aldboume and Wanborough, Wiltshire. They had two daughters, Philippe and Felicie. During the 1st Crusade, he fought at the Siege of Nicaea in mid-1097. He commanded a division that broke out of Antioch in June 1098. He crusaded against the Muslims in Spain probably in 1108. In 1114 he aided his father-in-law, King Henry I, at the Siege of Belleme. At the request of his wife, Maud, a hide of land at Wanborough, Wiltshire was given to Lewes Priory. His wife, Maud, was drowned in the shipwreck of the White Ship 25 Dec. 1120. He was Governor of Tudela in Aragon and participated in campaigns in Aragon from 1123 until the mid-1130s. He returned to Perche by 1135. He married (2nd) before 1126 HAWISE OF SALISBURY, daughter of Walter of Salisbury (also known as Walter Fitz Edward), of Chitterne, Wiltshire, Great Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, North Aston, Oxfordshire, etc., hereditary Sheriff of Wiltshire, Constable of Salisbury Castle, by Sibyl, daughter of Patrick de Chaources (or Sourches) [see LONGESPEE 2 for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Geoffroi, Rotrou (III) [Count of Perche], and Etienne [Archbishop-elect of Palermo]. After King Henry I's death in 1135, he and his nephew, Richer de l'Aigle, extorted the castles of Moulins and Bonmoulins as the price for their support for King Stephen. In 1139 he was taken in the English king's pay and defeated the unruly knights of Breteuil. ROTROU II, Count of Perche, died 6 May 1144 at the Siege of the Towe of Rouen, he then being in the service of Empress Maud and her husband, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. His widow, Hawise, married (2nd) (as his 1st wife) ROBERT I, Count of Dreux and Braille [see DREUX 6], and, in right of his 1st wife, Count of Perche, seigneur of Bellème, younger son of Louis VI, King of France, by Alix, daughter of Humbert II, Count of Savoy and Maurienne [see FRANCE 5 for his ancestry]. They had one daughter, Alix (wife successively of Waleran III, seigneur of Breteuil, Guy II, seigneur of Châtillon-sur-Marne, Jean I, seigneur of Torote, Châtellain de Noyon, and Raoul I de Nesle, Count of Soissons). His wife, Hawise, died in 1152. Robert I, Count of Dreux and Braine, died 11 October 1188. Duchesne Histoire Généalogique de la Maison Royale de Dreux (1631): 13-42. Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 74-75 (sub Capetians), 423-425 (sub Comtes de Dreux). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Des Murs Hist. des Comtes du Perche de la Fam. des Rotrou (1856). Herald & Genealogist 3 (1866): 173-176. Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 255 (Genealogiæ Fusniacensis: "Rotaldus comes, prefati comitis filius, duxit filiam regis Anglie, de qua filiam procreavit. "). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 3940 (charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche, dated c.1119; charter witnessed by his sister [soror], Juliane, and her son, Richer), 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe). Money Hist. of the Ancient Town & Borough of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Boulais Receuil des Antiquitéz du Perche (1890). Romanet de Beaune Géographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (1894): 33-35. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 419 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "6 [Obiit] Rotrodos comes."). Lalizel Abbaye Royal d'Arcisses (Archives du Diocèse de Chartres 10) (1900): 3-10 (charters of Rotrou, Count of Perche). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. VCH Wiltshire 9 (1970): 174-186; 12 (1983): 67-86. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Traditio 41(1985): 145-179. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.649. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France (2002). Hollister Henry I (2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Power Norman Frontier in the Twelfth & Early Thirteenth Centuries (2004): 360-361. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Geoffrey Grossus Life of Blessed Bernard of Tiron (2009): 71, footnote 1. Child of Maud (or Mathilde) of England, by Rotrou II of Perche: a. PHILIPPE OF PERCHE, married HELIE OF ANJOU, Count of Maine, younger son of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine. They had one daughter, Beatrix (wife of Jean I, Count of Alençon). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe [assensu generis mei Helie filieque mee Romanet de Beaune Geographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30-31 ("... Helias vero ...comes Cenomannonun factus est, et xx annis adepto consulatu strenue potitis est. Heres quoque soceri sin Gervasii de Castro Lidi factus est, eujus filiam habuit, ex qua filiam nomine Eremburgem genuit, quam domino suo Fulconi, Andegavorum comiti, in matromonium copulavit … Uxor ejus ei filiam, Eremburgem nomine, peperit, quae, nubilibus annis, Fulconi, Andegavorum tunc comiti, nunc Ierosolymorum regi, nupsit et generosam sobolem genuit: Joffredum et Heliam, Mathildem et Sibyllam, quae filiis regum solemniter nupserunt"). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by various mistresses: i. GILBERT FITZ ROY. He was still young and unmarried in 1142. Nothing more is known of him. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 281 286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.660. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. WILLIAM DE TRACY. He died soon after his father. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121 (author states in error that William de Tracy had a daughter and heiress, Grace, wife of John de Sudeley, of Sudeley Castle and Toddington, Gloucestershire). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.659. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). iii. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ENGLAND, married CONAN III, Duke of Brittany [see BRITTANY 3]. iv. JULIANE OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 EUSTACHE DE PACY (or DE BRETEUIL), seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, illegitimate son of Guillaume, seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, by an unknown mistress. They had two sons, Guillaume and Roger, and two daughters. In 1119 he took part in the rebellion against King Henry I, who besieged his wife, Juliane, at Breteuil. She fled to Pacy, and in the autumn of 1119 Eustache and Juliane were pardoned by the king. A few years later she became a nun at Fontevrault. EUSTACHE DE PACY died at the beginning of Lent 1136, Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Depoin Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Saint-Martin de Pontoise (1895): 470-476 (Famille d'Ivry). C.P. 8 (1932): 209-210 (sub Lovel); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X11.648. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 304 (Fitz Osbem ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Norrnandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). v. MABEL OF ENGLAND, married before c.1125 GUILLAUME GOUET (or GORT), seigneur of Montmirail and Alluyes, son and heir of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail, Alluyes, Authon, la Bazoche-Gouet, Brou, and Château-du-Loir, by his wife, Eustachie Crespon. They had one son, Guillaume [seigneur of Montmirail]. He joined his parents and his brothers, Robert and Matthew, in the foundation of the Priory of St. Giles des Chateigniers as a cell of Tiron. In 1114, as William Gouet junior, he was one of the nobles of Thibaut, Count of Chartres, whom the count called to advise him. In 1116, with his father and mother, he gave judgment in a dispute between the abbey of Marmoutier and Gaston de Brou. As "Guillaume Goët le jeune," he witnessed a charter of Guillaume de Mesmerand to the leproserie of Chateaudun c.1120. He succeeded his father before c.1125. He made an agreement c.1125 with the Prior of Saint-Denis de Nogent regarding the churches of Ceton and Saint-Ulphace. He likewise gave c.1125 to the monks of Saint-Denis the church of Unverre that Gaston de Brou gave them and that his mother Eustachie unjustly retained; for which gift he received 10 livres and his wife, Mabel, 100 sous. About 1127 he witnessed a charter of Ives de Courville, by which he quitclaimed his land in Courville to Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. In 1136 he granted various privileges to Tiron Abbey. In 1140 he confirmed the gift of Bois-Ruffin made by Ursion de Meslay. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Guérard Cartulaire de Saint Père de Chartres 2 (1840): 471-476, 483-486, 494-495. Lépinois Histoire de Chartres 1 (1854): /41. Etudes sur le Maine, Noblesse du Maine aux Crusades (1859): 49-50. Charles & Elbenne Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans (1886-1913): Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbve de la Sainte-Trinité di Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cix (arms of Guillaume Goet dated 1139: Mi-parti au 1er d'argent à deux chevrons de sable; au 2e trois chevrons brisés d'or), 24-27, 78-79, 104-106. Merlet Inventaire-sommaire des Archives départementales anterieures (11790: Eure-et-Loir, Archives Ecclésiastiques, Serie H 8 (1897): 161. Souancé & Métais Saint-Denis de Nogent-le-Rotrou 1031-1789: Histoire et Cartulaire (1899): LVII-LIX, 103-104 (charter of Guillaume Gouet junior son of Guillaume Gouet dated c.1125), 104-106 (charter dated c.1125 naming Guillaume [Gouet] junior, son of Eustachie wife of [Guillaume] Gouet, and his wife, Mabel), 164-166. Bulls. de la Societé Dunoise Archeologie, Histoire, Sciences & Arts 10 (1904): 171-188. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.663, XIII.1014. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Child of Mabel of England, by Guillaume Gouet: a. GUILLAUME GOUET, seigneur of Montmirail, married ISABELLE (or ELIZABETH) OF BLOIS, Duchess of Apulia [see DONZY 4]. vi. CONSTANCE OF ENGLAND, married ROSCELIN DE BEAUMONT, Vicomte of Beaumont-en-Maine [see BEAUMONT 3]. vii. ALINE OF ENGLAND, married MATHIEU DE MONTMORENCY, seigneur of Montmorency [see LEICESTER 3 {sic: MONTMORENCY 3}]. v. SIBYL OF ENGLAND, married ALEXANDER I, King of Scots [see SCOTLAND 1.v], younger son of Malcolm III (Ceannmor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for his parentage]. He was born about 1077. They had no issue. By an unknown mistress, he had an illegitimate son, Malcolm. He became King of Scotland in 1107 on the death of his elder brother, Edgar, King of Scots. He and his wife, Sibyl, founded the monastery of Scone in Perthshire in 1113-14. He was also a benefactor to Durham and Dunfermline. He invaded Wales in summer 1114, in cooperation with King Henry I of England. His wife, Sibyl, died suddenly at Loch Tay 12 July 1122. ALEXANDER I, King of Scots, died at Stirling 23 April 1124, and was buried before the great altar at Dunfermline, Fife near his father. Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: “VII. Kal. Mali [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "VI. Id. Jul. [10 July] Ob. Sibilla Regina Scottorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Turnbull Extracta E Variis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 68 (Extracts ex Cronicis Scocie sub A.D. 1122: "Sibilla, illustris regine Scocie, uxor regis Alexandri, filia Henrici Beuclerk regis Anglie, apud Lochtay cellam canonicorum de Scona obiit anno Domini Moc.xxij"). Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis 2 (1849): 78 (sub A.D. 1123: "Alexander rex Scottorum, VII. kal. Maii [25 April], obiit."). Liber Ecclesie de Scone (1863): 1-3 (charter of Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl; charter witnessed by his nephew [nepos], Alexander, and by William, brother of the queen [frater regine]). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 3 (sub Kings of Scotland). Lawrie Early Scottish Charters prior to A.D. 1153 (1905): 28-30 (charter to Scone Priory dated c.1120 issued by Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl, "filia Henrici Regis Angliae"), 262. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 50-57. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.655, XIII.205. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 57. Duncan Kingship of the Scots 842-1292 (2002). Barrow Kingdom of the Scots (2003): 1541-56. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Oram David I: The King Who Made Scotland (2004). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 313 (Scotland ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I, by Isabel of Meulan, daughter of Robert of Meulan (or de Beaumont), Count of Meulan, by Isabel (or Elizabeth), daughter of Hugues le Grand Count of Crepy [see VERMANDOIS 5 for her ancestry]. Isabel de Meulan married (1st) Gilbert Fitz Gilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 6 Jan. 1147/8) [see PEMBROKE 3] and (2nd) Ralph Bluet, of Silchester, Hampshire and Lacock, Wiltshire (living 1167) [see PEMBROKE 3]. She was allegedly living in 1172. i. ISABEL OF ENGLAND. She and her mother, Countess Isabel, witnessed two undated charters of her half-brother, Richard Fitz Gilbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Her subsequent history is unknown. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 10 (1855): 261-263 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to the monks of Usk; charter witnessed by Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter, Ralph Bloet, and Walter Bloet). C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 361 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Gilbert to Goldcliff Priory; charter witnessed by Isabel the earl's mother and Isabel his sister). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-102 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke) ("Actually there is no reasonable doubt that Isabel [de Meulan]s daughter bore her mother's name, lived with her after the elder Isabel's marriage, and continued to do so after her step-father's death. For the first two witnesses to the 2nd Earl of Pembroke's charter for Usk are the Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter; and in the charter for Goldcliff Priory the first two witnesses are Isabel the Earl's mother and Isabel the Earl's sister. There is no evidence that she ever married."); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.657. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Alleged but unlikely daughter of King Henry I: i. EMMA OF ENGLAND, married GUY DE LAVAL, seigneur of Laval. Hollister Henry 1(2001): 228 ("Bertrand de Brousillon, La Maison de Laval, 1: 79: 'on pretend meme que l’abbaye de Clermont aurait conserve longtemps une tombe sur laquelle on lisait EMMA ANGLORUM REGIS FILIA DOMINAQUE LAVALLENSIS.' The author dismisses this tradition on the grounds that Robert of Torigny omits 'Emma' from his list of Henry's daughters, but the list is by no means complete. Emma is absent from the list of Henry I's illegitimate daughters in CP, 11, app. D, pp. 112-121.").” 2. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “ROBERT [II], Count of Meulan, son and heir of Waleran (or Galeran) [II], Count of Meulan, Earl of Worcester, seigneur of Beaumont-le-Roger, Brionne, la Croix Saint-Leufroy, Elbeuf, Port-Audemer, etc., by Agnes, daughter of Amaury de Montfort, Count of Evreux. He married about 1165 MAUD OF CORNWALL, daughter of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall (illegitimate son of King Henry I), by Mabel, daughter of William Fitz Richard [see ENGLAND 2.i for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Waleran (or Galeran), Peter [Dean of Wimborne], and Henry, and two daughters, Mabel and Jeanne (wife of Guy IV, seigneur of La Roche Guyon). In 1173 he adhered to the young King Henry in his revolt against Henry II, but was reconciled to the king. Holding lands in both France and Normandy, the conflict between Philip Augustus and the English kings placed him in a difficult position, and eventually brought about his ruin. In 1188 when Philip took Vedôme, he captured 62 knights sent by the Count of Meulan to assist the defence. In 1191 he was excommunicated for taking action against William de Longchamp, Bishop of Ely. In 1202 he confirmed the charter of his sister, Isabel de Mayenne, to the monks of Savigny. In 1202 he revolted against King Philippe Auguste of France, and suffered the confiscation of his county of Meulan in consequence. Conversely, he had incurred King John's malevolentia before 2 April 1203, when the abbot of Saint-Taurin d'Evreux acted as an intermediary to reconcile him with the king of England. In a vain attempt to save his position, he handed over all of his estates 1 May 1204 to his daughter, Mabel, and her husband, William de Vernon, Earl of Devon. John, however, seized his English estates, and Philippe those in France and Normandy. ROBERT, deposed Count of Meulan, was living 14 November 1207; he died 16 August, about 1212. His widow, Maud, was living 25 October 1212; she reportedly died 1220-1. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 75-76. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farns of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301441, Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 390. Stapleton Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ 1 (1840): clv-clvi; 2 (1844): ccix ("Robert d’Harcourt is assumed to have married Joanna de Meulan, daughter of Robert Comte de Meulan, but none of the Preuves adduced justify such a conclusion."). Guilmeth Histoire de la Ville et des Environs d'Elbeuf (1842): 393-4	Fitz William, Mabel (I6396)
6040	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY nicknamed “Beauclerc,” King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Cotentin, 4th son, born in 1068 or 1069. He married (1st) 11 Nov. 1100 MAUD OF SCOTLAND, daughter of Malcolm III (CeannMor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for her parentage]. She was born in 1079. They had one son, William, and one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, died at Westminster 1 May 1118. He married (2nd) at Windsor, Berkshire 29 Jan. 1121 ALICE (or AELIZ, ALEIDE, ALEYDA, AELIDIS, ADELIDE, ADELIDIS, ADELAIDIS, ADELIZA, ADELIZE, ATHELICE) OF LOUVAIN, daughter of Gottfried (or Godefroy) I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Louvain, by his 1st wife, Ida, daughter of Otto II, Count of Chiny. She was born about 1103. They had no issue. By various mistresses, he had eight illegitimate sons, Robert [Earl of Gloucester], Richard, Fulk, Reynold [Earl of Cornwall], Robert, Gilbert, William de Tracy, and Henry, and nine illegitimate daughters, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Rotrou II, Count of Perche), Alice, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Conan III, Duke of Brittany), Juliane (wife of Eustache de Pacy, seigneur of Breteuil and Pacy), Mabel (wife of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail), Constance (wife of Roscelin de Beaumont), Aline (wife of Mathieu de Montmorency), Sibyl (wife of Alexander I, King of Scots), and Isabel.* HENRY I, King of England died at Lyons-la-Forêt (near Rouen), Normandy 1 Dec. 1135, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. His widow, Alice, married (2nd) after Dec. 1136 but later than summer 1139 WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, Earl of Lincoln, afterwards 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), hereditary Chief Butler of England, Privy Councillor to King Henry I [see CLIFTON 3]. They had four sons, William [2nd Earl of Arundel or Sussex], Reiner, Henry, and Godfrey, and two daughters, Alice (wife of Jean I, Count of Eu and Alvred de Saint Martin) and Olive. He was a witness to King Stephen's 2nd Charter of Liberties in 1136. He was created Earl of Lincoln c.1138. He gave shelter to Empress Maud at Arundel Castle in 1139, but afterwards adhered to King Stephen. His earldom was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex before Christmas 1141. In his own later charters he is styled Earl of Chichester. About 1145 he witnessed a charter of Henry Hussey as "Consul Willelmo de Cicesterr." His wife, Alice, presented to the prebend of West Dean in 1150. Alice, dowager Queen of England, died as a nun at Affligem Abbey in Brabant 25 (or 26) March 1151, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. He was influential in arranging the treaty of 1153, whereby the Crown continued with King Stephen for life, though the inheritance thereof was secured to Henry II. He subscribed his name to this instrument as "Comes Cicestrie." By grant dated c.1155, King Henry II confirmed to him as "William, Earl of Arundel" the Castle of Arundel, with the whole honour of Arundel and all its appurtenances. He served as Joint Ambassador to France and to the Pope in 1163/4. He served as Chief Ambassador with Princess Maud to Germany in 1168. He was appointed joint Commander of the royal army in Normandy in 1173. In Sept. 1173 he assisted in the defeat near Bury St. Edmunds of the Earl of Leicester. He founded Buckenham Abbey, Norfolk and Pynharn Priory, Sussex. WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), died at Waverley Abbey, Surrey 4 (or 12) October 1176, and was buried at Wymondham Priory, Norfolk. [Footnote *: In 1824 the Scottish historian Chalmers stated that King Henry I of England had an illegitimate daughter, Elizabeth, who married Fergus, lord of Galloway (died 1161). [see Chalmers Caledonia 3 (1824): 250, footnote k ("Fergus [lord of Galloway] ... was a prince of some note, even at the court of Henry I. of England, is certain : as he took to wife, according to the heralds, genealogists, and chroniclers, Elizabeth, the natural daughter of Henry I.")]. Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway), however, debunked Chalmers' statement, noting that the authorities quoted by Chalmers "do not bear out his assertion." Even so, other secondary sources have continued to repeat Chalmers' unfounded claim: See, for example, Mackenzie History of Galloway (1841): 167-172 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England"); Anderson Scottish Nation 2 (1862): 195 ("Fergus, lord of Galloway ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England ..."); M'Kerlie Galloway in Ancient & Modern Times (1891): 155 ("It is necessary to repeat here that Fergus married Elizabeth, the natural daughter of King Henry I. of England."); Maxwell Hist. of Dumfries & Galloway (1896): 47-48 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, natural daughter of Henry I., and sister of Sibilla, who married Alexander I., brother of David."); Ramsay Angevin Empire (1903): 90, footnote 7 ("Gunfrith [i.e., Godred] was son of Olaf, by Afreca, daughter of Fergus of Galloway, by 'Elisabeth,' reputed natural daughter of Henry I."); Oram Lordship of Galloway (2000): 60; Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Barrow Robert Bruce (1965): 36, footnote 2 notes that "Roger Howden calls Uchtred son of Fergus of Galloway a cousin of King Henry II (Gesta Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Ser., i, 80)," a relationship which Professor Barrow states "is best explained on the supposition that Fergus married a bastard daughter of Henry I." However, given that King Henry II of England had a Scottish grandmother, a more likely explanation of the kinship between the Galloway and English royal families is that the wife of Fergus was near related to the Scottish royal family, possibly being a sister of William Fitz Duncan, whose grandfather was Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots [died 1093]. This arrangement would make Uchtred son of Fergus and King Henry II of England related in the 3rd degree of kindred (or second cousins).] D'Achery Spicilegium 10 (1671): 612-613 (Continuatio Chronici Afflegemiensis: "Filia præfati Ducis Aleidis juncta matrimonio Regi Angliæ, post obitum secundi con jugis Afflegemiensis Claustri solitudinem ad reliquum vitæ ad humandum corpus elegit in domo turti Ecclesiæ contigua, cum una aut akera ancilla in Fratrum Afflegemiensiurn quieta taciturna multitudine solitaria habitavit, & beato fine quievit, de qua epitaphium: Aleidis Regina Anglim, filia Ducis Godefridi cum barba, Regnum suscepit in Anglia an MCXXI. obiit 9 Kal. Maii [23 April], sepulta è regione horologii nostri."). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 30 (Kalendar of Obits: "IIII Non. December [2 December]. Obitus Henrici Regis."). Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 32-34. Morice Mémoires pour servir de Preuves à l'Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne 1 (1742): 130 (Extract of Cronicle of Robert, Abbot of Mont Saint Michel: "Anno 1135. Obiit Henricus I. Rex Anglorum in prima die Decembris, cum regnasset annis 35. & 4 mensibus."). Brequigny & Mouchet Table Chronologique des Diplômes, Chartes, Titres ... concernant l’Histoire de France 3 (1783): 236 (charter dated c.1155 of Alice Queen of the English [Adelaidis reginæ Anglorum]). Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: Kal. Maii [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 218 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "IV. Non. Dec. [2 December] Ob Henricus Rex Anglorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Norrnands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXI)). Tierney Hist. & Antiqs. of the Castle & Town of Arundel 1 (1834): 169-179. Michel Histoire des Ducs de Normandie et des Rois D'Angleterre (1840): 69 ("Li rois Henrie, quant la roine Mehaus fu morte, prist à feme Aalis, la fille Godefroi le duc de Louvaing, la cousine Wistasse [Eustace] de Bouloigne; mais n'en ot nul enfant. Si ot-il de bas .vj. Ills et .vij. fines"). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 135-211 (biog. of Matilda of Scotland), 212-256 (biog. of Adelicia of Louvaine). Barrett Memorials of the parochial Church ... in the Parish of Attleborough (1848): 12-41. Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis 2 (1849): 74 (Maud [of Blois], Countess of Chester, styled "niece" to King Henry I of England [neptis regis1). Ordericus Vitalis Ecclesiastical Hist. of England & Normandy 3 (1854): 482 (Roger Fitz Roger and Walter d'Aufay [Aufai] styled "cousins" to King Henry I at Battle of Bremule in 1119 by Ordericus Vitalis). Arch. Journal 20 (1863): 283 ("Adeliza appears to have used the identical matrux of the seal which had belonged to the first queen of Henry I., the name-Aalidis-having been substituted for Matli[Idis), 287-288 (charter of Queen Alice [Aelidis regina] ... There is appended ... a pointed oval seal of white wax .... device, a female figure standing ... The legend is + SIGILLVM • AALIDIS • SECVND[AE • DE]I • GRACIA • REGINAE • ANGLIE.), 288-289 (charter of Queen Alice [A. Dei gracia Regina]); 22 (1865): 152-153 (charter of William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Lincoln; charter names Queen Alice his wife [regina Adelidis]). Sussex Arch. Colls. 15 (1863): 112-113. Luard Annales Monastici 1 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1864): 14 (Margam Annals sub 1151: "Obiit Adelidis, regina secunda Henrici regis."); 3 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1866): 433 (Bermondsey Annals sub A.D. 1121: "Hoc anno rex Henricus primus duxit Adelizam, filiam ducis Lovaniae, in uxorem, tertio nonas Februarii [3 February]."). Burke Gen. Hist, of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited & Extinct Peerages (1866): 2-3 (sub Albini, Earls of Arundel). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. (1867): 21-33 ("In the Register of the Priory of Bromhale, we find the record of his death under the date of the 4th day of October, 22nd of Henry II (A.D. 1176), in the following words, `obiit Willielmus Comes Arundel' (no mention of Sussex or Chichester), et `sepultus est in prioratus de Wymondham.’"). Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptorum 20 (1868): 67 (Orderic Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, Liber X: Roger Fitz Richard [de Clare) styled "kinsman" [cognatus) of King Henry I of England). Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104-108 (discusses evidence that King Henry I had an illegitimate daughter, Maud (or Mathilde)/Almodis, who was Abbess of Montivilliers). Ellis Antiqs. of Heraldry (1869): 206-207 (Aubigny ped.). Lower Compendious Hist. of Sussex 1 (1870): 70 (Robert de Haia, founder of Boxgrove Priory, styled "king's kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry I). Delisle Delisle Chronique de Robert de Tongni 1 (1872): 215 (sub A.D. 1139: "Invitarerat enim eos Willermus de Albinneio, qui duxerat Aeliz quondam reginam, quæ habebat castellum et comitatum Hardundel, quod rex Henricus dederat ei in dote."); 2 (1873): 63-64 ("Cessit etiam in fata Willermus de Albineio, quem vocabant comitem d'Arundel, relinquens filios quatuor, scilicet Guillermum de Albineio pritnogenitum, et alios tres natos ex Aeliza regina, uxore primi Henrici regis Anglorum."). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1874): 298 (sub 1176: "comes etiam Willelmus de Arundel obiit quarto idus Octobris [12 October] apud Waverle, et sepultus eat apud Wimundham, cellam scilicet ecclesiæ Sancti Albani, cujus cellæ patronus fuisse dinoscitur."). Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Obiit autem Matildis regina Anglia anno regni sui xviiio, kalendis Maii [1 May], et apud Radingas sepulta est."). Merlet Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cviii (arms of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy dated 1115: D'argent au cavalier d'azur). D.N.B. 1 (1885): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1(1886): 66 (sub Arundel). Raine Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1886): 169 (History of the Four Archbishops by Hugh the Chantor - King Henry I and Pope Calixtus II were kinsmen: "Nam præter spiritualem patris et filii relationem, carnali consanguinitate propinqui erant, quorum avus et avia frater et soror fuerunt." (Note: Pope Calixtus II was a younger son of William I, Count of Burgundy, whose mother Alice was daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 5-8 (seal of King Henry I - Obverse. King, seated in majesty, in an undercoat with sleeves tight at wrists, and loose skirts reaching below knees; and long flowing cloak fastened at throat and spreading out behind, which has a border, with indications of a fur of symmetrical pattern. On the head a cap-shaped crown, with three fleurs-de-lis, one at top and one at either side, and two chin-straps hanging loosely at sides, the ends having buckles in shape of trefoils. In right hand, extended outwards from elbow, a sword is held almost perpendicularly. In left hand, similarly extended, an orb, ensigned with a long cross pattee pommettee. Throne, apparently square, and closely resembling that of William II.; the centre curves with a bold cusp inwards, with a string-course, and is the narrowest part. In lower of two compartments thus made, is a footboard, not enough remaining to show original size. On throne a flat cushion with square edge, carrying at each end a hemispherical ornament, intended for pillow. Reverse. King, hauberk of chain-mail; conical helmet, having a blunt point at crown of head, and perhaps armed with projecting nose-piece; single pointed spur of goad form; long lance to which is attached a banner, charged with cross moline, and three pairs of waving streamers. No indication of sword. In left hand, held by interior strap, a kite-shaped shield, seen from within. The horse is walking to the right hand, caparisoned with breast-band, which is ornamented by five globular pendants equi-distant. Saddle of small dimensions; with stirrups. The loosely gathered reins are held up in left hand, which also sustains shield. Legend: + HENRIC' D... ... ...). Round "An Unknown Mistress of Henry I." in Eng. Hist. Rev. 5 (1890): 745-746. Luard Flores Historiarum 2 ((Rolls Ser.) 1890): 69 ("Anno gratix MCLIo [1151]. Obiit Adelicia regina, uxor regis Stephani;" the editor notes that the name "Stephani" is erased in Ch. and altered to "Henrici I."). Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (Docs. sur la Province du Perche 3rd Ser. 2) (1894): 40-43. Recueil des Historiens des Castles et de la France 23 (1894): 471 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: "25 Mart. Obiit Adelicia regina."), 476 (Ex Necrologio Monasterii Crucis Sancti Leufredi: "25 Mart. [Obiit] Adeliza, regina Anglorum."), 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Mali. [Obiit] Matildis, regina Anglorum."), 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "12 Oct. [Obiit] Guillelmus, comes de Arundel."), 581 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Dec. [Obiit] Henricus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum."). Napier & Stevenson Crawford Coll. of early Charters & Docs. now in the Bodleian library (1895): 31 (William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Chichester dated c.1150; charter names his wife, Queen Alice [regina Adelide]). Bradshaw Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral Pt. 2 (1897): (obits. in the odd volume of the great Latin Bible), ccxxxviii (2 May - "Matildis regina uxor Henrici regis."), ccxlii (2 Dec. - "Henricus, pacificus rex Anglorum."). Trans. East Herts Arch. Soc. 1(1) (1901): 129-135 (charter of Queen Alice widow of King Henry I dated 1136 [Adelidis regina uxor nobillisimi regis Henrici & filia Godefridi ducis lotharingie]. C.C.R. 1227-1231 (1902): 530 (confirmation of gift of Alice, formerly Queen of England). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 316 (Abbaye de Saint-Denis: "kal. Maius [1 May] Ob. Matildis, Anglorum regina [1118]."), 523 (Prieure de Longpont: "kaL maii. [1 May] [obit.] Maltidis, Anglorum regina [1118]."). Warner & Ellis Facsimiles of Royal & Other Charters in the British Museum 1 (1903): #14 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Lincoln dated c.1139-40; charter names his wife, Queen Adeleidis), #27 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Chichester dated 1151-2; charter names his wife, Queen Athelice). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 1-2 (sub Kings of Scotland). Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 25-34. Eng. Hist. Rev. 21(1906): 505-509. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 2 (1906): 241 (Obituaire of Prieure de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan: "Henricus, rex Anglorum, frater noster, III nonas decembris [3 Dec.] [1135]."), 661 (Nécrologe of Abbaye de Saint-Jean-en-Vallée: 12 Dec.] IIII non. Obiit Henricus, Anglorum rex [1135], ecclesiarum amator praecipuus."). Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway) ("[Fergus, lord of Galloway] is said to have married Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of King Henry I. of England, but the authorities quoted by Chalmers, who makes the statement, do not bear out his assertion."). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Urseau Cartulaire Moir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (1908): 167-168 (charter of King Henry I dated c.1111=20). Gomme Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1909): 217 (sub A.D. 1100: Maud of Scotland, 1st wife of King Henry I, styled "kinswoman to king Edward [the Confessor] and of the true royal race of England."), 239-240 (sub A.D. 1127: Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone], Abbot of Saint-Jean of Angély (in Poitou), afterwards Abbot of Peterborough styled "kinsman" [mæi] of [Henry I] King of England and [Guillaume] Count of Poitou) [see also Earle and Plummer Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel 1 (1892): 257; English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-5601. CP. 1 (1910): 233-235, 237 (chart) (sub Arundel); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Round King's Serjeants & Officers of State (1911): 140-165. English Hist. Rev. 34 (1919): 303-382. Farrer Outline Itinerary of King Henry 1 (1920). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) XI 112. Rübel-Blass (1939) 257 (biographical information). G.H. White "Henry I's Illegitimate Children," in C.P. 11 (1949), Appendix D, 105-121. Leys Sandford Cartulary 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 22) (1941): 216. Johnson et al. Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066-1154 2 (1956): 148 (John [son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent], a royal chaplain, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of King Henry I of England in charter dated 1117-19). C.R.R. 12 (1957): 157-158 (Sibyl de Falaise, wife of Baldwin de Bolers, styled "kinswoman" [nepte] of King Henry I of England). Stenton First Century of English Feudalism, 1066-1166 (1961). Davis King Stephen (1967): 137 ("[King] Stephen recognized three successive earls of Lincoln ... The first was William d'Aubigny pincerna who married Queen Adeliza, widow of King Henry I, and in her right became lord of the honour and castle of Arundel. He styles himself William Earl of Lincoln in three charters in which his identity is proved by references to his wife. They are in favour of Lewes Priory and the abbeys of Reading and Affligem-and in the case of Affligem there is also a charter of Adeliza referring to her husband as earl of Lincoln (Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville 3245; Warner and Ellis, Facsimiles, no. 14; E. de Marneffe, Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Affligem in Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclesiastique de la Belgique, 2o section, pp. 104,106). In royal charters it is usually impossible to distinguish him from his successor, William de Roumare, since the normal style of both was Willelmus comes de Lincolnia, or (before he was an earl) from his father, William d'Aubignypincerna, who died before June 1139 (Reg. iii. 973). If Robert de Torigny is right (Chronicles iv. 137) William had married Adeliza by September 1139, and it is tempting to assume that it was on his marriage that he was made earl of Lincoln, his connection with that county being that his mother, Maud Bigod, was a grand-daughter, and possible co-heiress, of Robert de Tosny of Belvoir. We do not know precisely when he was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex, but it was certainly by Christmas 1141 when he attested a charter as Comite Willelmo de Sudsexa (Reg. iii. 276)."). Chibnall Ecclesiastical Hist. of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80): 317 (Vol. VI, Book XII - Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone] styled "kinsman" [cognato] of King Henry I of England) [see English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-560]. Albion 10 (1978): 330-340. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 95 (sub Hainault, Brabant); 2 (1984): 81 (sub England); 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Chibnall Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166 (1986). Green Government of England under Henry 1(1986). Hollister Monarchy, Magnates, & Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World (1986). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 1 (Camden Soc. 4th Ser. 31) (1986): 301, 369, 476. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.1.423, XII.371, X11.644-X11.645, XIII.207. Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 136 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "7 Kal. [Apr.] [26 March]. Obiit Atheliza regina."), 130 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit Rex Anglorum Henricus primus."), 146 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit rex Anglorum Henricus i."). Haskins Soc. Jour. 7 (1995): 101-116. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35, 57. Scottish Hirt. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I Pt 2 (List and Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 143 (confirmation c. 1172/81 of grant made by Queen Adela) (original published in Jour. of British Architetural Assoc. 17: 312). Scottish Hist. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Harper-Bill Anglo-Norman Studies XXI (1999): 145-168. Bartlett England under the Norman & Angevin Kings 1075-1225 (2000). Hollister Henry 1(2001). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.), 313 (Scotland ped.). Weller Die Heiratspolitik des deutschen Hochadels im 12. Jahrhundert (2004): 464-4.76 (biog. of Königin Adelheid von England) ("On page 476, Weller states: "Seine Gattin Adelheid von Lowen, die ehemalige Konigin von England, war schon 1151 wahrend des Bürgerkrieges verschieden und wurde in Reading beigesetzt ... Der Begräbnisort Kgn. Adelheids geht aus einem Schreiben Jocelins v. Löwen an Bf. Hilarius v. Chichester eindeutig hervor, vgl. Reading Abbey Cartularies 1, No. 551, 416E; s.a. Bartlett, England 596. Nicht stichhaltig ist demgegeniiber die van Sanderus, Chorographia 1, 45, verbreitete Nachricht, wonach Adelheid vor ihrem Tod in ihre Heimat übergesiedelt und im Kloster Afflighem gestoren and begraben sei; heirnach auch John Horace Round in dem Art.: Adeliza of Louvain, in DNB 1(1885): 137f.; Complete Peerage 1, 235. Allerdings ist Kgn. Adelheid als Wohltäterin von Afflighem aufgetreten unde hat dem Kloster einigen Besitz in England gestiftet; vgl. Cart. Afflighem, No. 79, 121-124 (hier 122)."). Verbeke Medieval Narrative Sources (2005): 21-36. Fleming Henry I & the Anglo-Norman World: Studies in Memory of C. Warren Hollister (2006). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006). Children of King Henry I of England, by Maud of Scotland: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, son and heir apparent, born in 1103. As his father's destined successor, he received the homage of the Normans barons in 1115, and that of the English witan in 1116. He married at Lisieux in May 1119 MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ANJOU, daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou. He was with his father at the Battle of Bremule in 1119. Early in 1120 King Louis of France invested him with the duchy of Normandy. He was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 160 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1120: "Willelmus filius Henrici Regis, & Ricardus frater ejus & Ricardus Comes de Cestria cum multis Nobilibus naufragio perierunt.”). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. D.N.B. 21(1909): 337 (biog. of William, son of Henry I, King of England). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 81 (sub England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.644. Caenegem English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I 1 (Selden Soc. 106) (1990): 180-181, 192-193, 213-214. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.). ii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, married (1st) HEINRICH V, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor; (2nd) GEOFFREY V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy [see next]. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by an unknown mistress, (possibly a member of the Bohun family): i. ROBERT FITZ ROY, Earl of Gloucester, married MABEL FITZ ROBERT [see GLOUCESTER 3]. Illegitimate sons of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Ansfride, widow of Anskill, a knight who was a tenant of Abingdon Abbey: i. RICHARD FITZ ROY, born before 1101. He served against the French in 1119, and was captured at Les Andelys. He was set free with his comrades by King Louis, because they had taken sanctuary in the church of Notre Dame du Grand Andely. Later the same year he was with his father at the Siege of Evreux and the Battle of Brémule. In Sept. 1119 he was sent to raise the Siege at Bréteuil. He was betrothed to Amice de Gael, daughter of Raoul, seigneur of Gael in Brittany and Bréteuil in Normandy. He was drowned immediately afterwards in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Amice subsequently married Robert of Meulan, 1st Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 6]. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Alium quoque habuit filium Ricardum, et cessavit parere... Navis enim infausta qun regis gestabat filios Willelrnum et Ricardum, submersa est, periitque in scopulis Barbefluvii."). C.P. 7 (1929): 527-530 (sub Leicester); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.646. Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni 2 (1992): 248-249 (Robert de Torigny: "Ricardus autem, huius comitis uno de patre frater, cum fratre suo Willelmo in sepedicto naufiagio periit."). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. FULK FITZ ROY. Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(II.647. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Sibyl Corbet: i. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall, Sheriff of Devon, 1173-5. He married in 1140 MABEL FITZ WILLIAM, daughter of William Fitz Richard, of Cornwall. They had one son, Nicholas, and four daughters, Denise (wife of Richard de Redvers, Earl of Devon), Maud, Sarah (wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges), and Emme (wife of Guy V de Laval, seigneur of Laval). By a mistress, Beatrice de Valle (or Vaux) (afterwards wife of William Briwerre, Knt.), he had an illegitimate son, Henry Fitz Count. By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, William. He was granted the lands of William, Earl of Mortain, amounting to 215-1/2 fees in Devon and Cornwall. He was created Earl of Cornwall about April 1141. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, were recognized by contemporaries as "the most powerful men in the kingdom." His wife, Mabel, fell into insanity in the 1140s. He witnessed a charter of Henry d'Oilly in the period, 1114-47. In 1153 he witnessed the agreement between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy [afterwards King Henry II]. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, acted as intermediary between the king and Thomas Becket at Northampton in 1164. He played a major part in opposing the rebels of 1173-4 in England. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall died 1 July 1175, allegedly at Chertsey, Surrey, and was buried at Reading, Berkshire. Dugdale Baronage (1675): 702 (sub Briwere) ("[William Briwere] having married Beatrix de Valle, a Concubine, as 'tis said, to Reginald Earl of Cornwall (which is probable, for in a Grant made by Henry Son to the same Reginald [Earl of Cornwall], unto this William [Briwere], of the Mannor of Karswell, and Land of Hakford, he calls him his Brother")) [Note: Dugdale evidently intended to say that Henry Fitz Count's brother was William Briwere the younger, as it was William Briwere the elder was the husband of his mother, Beatrice de Valle]. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 6, 98 (undated charter of Reynold son of King Henry to William de Botreaux son of Alice Corbet his aunt [matertera]; charter witnessed by his son, Nicholas; his nephews/kinsmen [nepotibus], Ralph and Richard, and his brother, William), 112. Topographer 2 (1790): 288-291. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 2 (1836 11): 239-240 (Bruere or Briwere ped.). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 163 ("Deditque ibidem Hereberto filio Hereberti, et Willelmo fratri comitis Reginaldi, et Joelllano de la Pumerai, nepoti eorum, regnum be Limeric pro servitio sexaginta militum"), 172 ("Nam Herbertus, et Willelmus, fratres Reginaldi comitis Cornubiae, et Joellanus de Purnetia nepos eorum, regnum illud havere noluerunt; sed illud reddiderunt domino regi et Johanni filio suo liberum et quietum ab omni calurnnia eorum"). Le Fizelier Mémoire chronologique de Maucourt de Bourjolly sur la Ville de Laval 1 (1886): 136-142. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-253 (William brother of Earl Reynold [Willelmus frater Comitis Reginaldi] held 1/2 knight's fee of Robert Fitz Roy in 1166), 261-262 (William brother of the Earl [Willelmus frater Comitis] held four knight's fees Reynold, Earl of Cornwall in 1166). Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 455-456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 34. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 75. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Colls. Hist. Staffs. 1924 (1926): 9, 219. English Hist. Rev. 62 (1947): 352-377 (charter of William de Marsh brother of Reynold Earl of Cornwall [Willelmus de Marisco frater Reginaldi comitis Cornubie]). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II], later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Minor & Butler eds. Letters of John of Salisbury 1 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1955): 162-163. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987): 9-10 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1154-65), 10-11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1146-55), 11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 195-196 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1165-75, witnessed by his son, Nicholas), 196-197 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 197-198 (two confirmation charters of King Henry II of England naming his "uncle" [avunculus] Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, one dated c.1174-5, the other dated c.1174-6). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(11.651, X111.996-1000. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Hollister Henry 1(2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart).Cornwall Rec. Office: Borough of Truro, BTRU/1 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1161-66) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, by Mabel Fitz William: a. MAUD OF CORNWALL, married ROBERT II, Count of Meulan [see VERMANDOIS 7]. Illegitimate child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, allegedly by Beatrice de Valle: a. HENRY FITZ COUNT, of Liskeard, Cornwall and King's Kerswell, Devon, Constable of Totnes Castle, 1209, Governor of Portchester Castle, 1211, Sheriff of Cornwall, 1215, 1217-20, Constable of Launceston Castle and Warden of the Stanneries, 1215. In 1194 he was granted the manors of Liskeard, Cornwall and Diptford and King's Kerswell, Devon by the king. In 1196 he witnessed the Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by his alleged step-father, Sir William Briwerre. In 1215 he had a grant of the county of Cornwall from King John, to farm until the realm should be at peace. The grant was renewed by King Henry III 7 Feb. 1216/7. He resigned the county to the king in 1220, when he took the cross. HENRY FITZ COUNT died a crusader in 1222. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Hunter Catalogue of the MSS in the library of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn (1838): 13. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(2) (1846): 924 (Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by William Briwer). Oliver Monasticon Dioecesis Exoniensis (1846): 174 (charter of Henry son of Reynold Earl of Cornwall; charter granted for the souls of his brothers and his mother), 179, 183. Trans. Exeter Diocesan Architectural & Arch. Soc. 2nd Ser. 1 (1867): 133-134. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 31(1870): 5. Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 21. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 9 (1902): 295-296 ("But Reginald de Dunstanville [i.e., Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall] had also by Beatrix de Valle (who afterwards became the wife of William Brewer, the judge of Henry II. and one of the regents of Richard I.) an illegitimate son named Henry FitzCount (sometimes FitzHenry), who became in after years also Earl of Cornwall."). Genealogist n.s. 20 (1904): 10-11. C.P. 3 (1913): 430 (sub Cornwall). Painter Reign of King John (1949): 231, 290, 348, 358-359. Hobbs Cartulary of Forde Abbey (Somerset Rec. Soc. 85) (1998): 116 (charter of Henry Fitz Count dated 1200-22; charter witnessed by William Brewer). North Devon Rec. Office: Chichester of Arlington, 50/11/29/3 (confirmation of a gift of land dated early 13th Cent. from Henry son of Earl Reginald to William de Tracy of all his land of Wollecombe [in Mortehoe] and Boklande, Devon, which William and his ancestors held of Henry and his ancestors, lords of Bradneys, as the charter of Hugh Ruffus testifies. To have and to hold to the aforesaid William, his heirs and assigns, of Henry and his heirs for ever, rendering all due and customary services. Seal of Henry son of Earl Reginald - Round, natural wax, armorial, surrounded by legend giving name of owner, chipped. The arms on shield resemble those of Courtenay family, but the Courtenays did not become Earls till 14th Cent.) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Henry III Fine Rolls Project (Baldekin styled "kinsman" of H[enry] Fitz Count in a fine roll item dated 1220; by whom he was earlier granted lands in Cornwall formerly held by Robert de Tintagel) (available at www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_015.html). Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith, daughter of Forne son of Sigulf, lord of Greystoke, Cumberland. Edith subsequently married ROBERT D'OILLY, of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, Constable of Oxford Castle. They had two sons, Henry and Gilbert. He and his wife, Edith, founded Oseney Priory near Oxford in 1129. Robert d'Oilly died in Sept. 1142. Sometime in the period, c.1145-56, his widow, Edith, granted a toft in Huggate and 68-1/2 acres in the fields there to the poor of the Hospital of St. Peter, York. Leys Sandford Cartulary 1 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 19) (1938): 50 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith), 92 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated before June 1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith, and his son, Henry). Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 505-508, 510 (charter of Edith wife of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1145-56), 510-511 (charter of Henry d'Oilly dated c.1145-56; charter witnessed by his wife, Maud), 518-519. Hedley Northumberland Fares. (1968): 233. i. ROBERT FITZ ROY. He held land in Devonshire in 1130. He witnessed a charter of his step-father, Robert d'Oilly, in the period, ?1130-35. He supported his half-sister, Empress Maud, in the Civil War. In the period, 1144-7, he witnessed a charter of his half-brother, Henry d'Oilly. In 1146-7 he witnessed a charter of Empress Maud and her son, Henry. About 1150 he granted 10 pounds of land in his manor of Wantage, Berkshire to the church of Oseney, with the counsel of Henry d'Oilly his half-brother. Sometime in the period, 1153-67, he witnessed a charter of Wigan of Wallingford. He married before 1162 MAUD D'AVRANCHES, widow of William de Courcy (or ?Geoffrey de Crimes?), and daughter of Robert d'Avranches, by ___, daughter of Gelduin de Dol. They had one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, was heiress of Richard Fitz Baldwin. In 1162 he granted St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter two ferlings of land in his manor of Calvalegie juxta Cobbalegiam, together with a man named Edwium son of Wranhi; charter was granted with with the consent of his wife, Maud d'Avranches. ROBERT FITZ ROY died 31 May 1172. His widow, Maud, died 21 Sept. 1173. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farms of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Coll. Top. et Gen. 1 (1834): 188 ("C. Rob[er]ti filii Henrici Regis per concessionem Mathildis, filiz Roberti de Avrenchis et heredis Ricardi filii Baldewini, dans totam vincam quam Rob'tus fil. Baldewini et Ricardus fester ejus Eccl. S.N. dederunt."), 382 (charter dated 1162 of Robert son of King Henry, granted with consent of Maud d'Avranches his wife [Robertus filius Regis Henrici, assensu Matillidis de Abrinco uxoris meae to St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter). Dugdale Monasticon Anglican = 5 (1846): 377-382 (Ford Abbey, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia: "Obijt denique vir ejus secundus, dominus Robertus filius regis Henrici anno Domini M.clxxii. pridie calendas Junii [31 May], et post ipsum vicecomitissa Matildis, itaque de Aubrincis ut prius nuncupata, undecimo calendas Octobris [21 Sept.] anno Domini M.clxxiii. et regni regis Henrici secundi 19."); 6(1) (1830): 253 (charter of Robert son of King Henry [Robertus Henrici regis filius]; charter names his [half-]brother [fratris], Henry d'Oilly). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Priory of Hexham 1 (Surtees Soc. 64) (1864): 138 (Chronicle of John, Prior of Hexham: "Emissi sunt autem ducenti milites cum Rodberto, filio Edae et Henrici Regis notho, et Johanne Marascaldo ...."). Freeman Reign of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 723. Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): 374 (charter of Robert son of King Henry dated c.1150). Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 3 (1881): 1-3. Maitland Bracton's Note Book 2 (1887): 137-138 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that he was the son of Hawise, the first born daughter of Maud d'Avranches; Hawise's sister, Maud de Courtenay, who was the plaintiff in the lawsuit, in turn testified that the said Hawise was the daughter of Geoffrey de Crimes (or Crunes, Cruues), the 1st husband of Maud d'Avranches), 404-405; 3 (1887): 450-452 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that his mother, Hawise, was the daughter of William de Curcy, husband of Maud d'Avranches). Notes & Gleanings 2 (1889): 50-56. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-254 (list of knights fees held by Robert Fitz Roy in 1166). Note-book of Tristram Risdon (1897): 53-56. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 73, 75, 101-102. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Seversmith Colonial Fams. of Long Island New York & Connecticut 5 (1958): 2426-2428. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.650, XIII.995. Reedy Basset Charters c.1120 to 1250 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 50) (1995): 25-26 (charter dated 1146-7 of Empress Maud daughter of King Henry I and her son, Henry; charter witnessed by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and Robert Fitz Roy). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Fizzard Plympton Priory (2008): 62, footnote 26. Child of Robert Fitz Roy, by Maud d'Avranches: a. MAUD FITZ ROBERT, married REYNOLD DE COURTENAY, of Sutton, Berkshire [see COURTENAY 1]. ii. ALICE FITZ ROY. In the period, ?1130-35, she witnessed a charter of her step-father, Robert d'Oilly, and her mother, Edith. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 72-73 (Alice daughter of the king [Adeliza Lila Reg.] witness to charter of Robert d'Oilly, his wife, and son dated ?1130-35). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Nest, wife of Gerald of Windsor, Constable of Pembroke, and daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwt, Prince of South Wales: i. HENRY FITZ ROY, of Pembrokeshire. He was killed during King Henry II's invasion at Anglesea in 1157 or 1158. He married ___. They had two sons, Meiler Fitz Henry [Justiciar of Ireland] and Robert, and presumably one daughter, Amabilis Fitz Henry (wife of Walter de Ridelisford). Williams ab Ithel Annales Cambriaes (Rolls Ser.) (1860): 47 (sub A.D. 1158: "Henricus filius Geraldi occisus est, velut alii volunt, filius Henrici regis ..."). Dimock Geraldus Cambrensis: Itinerarium Kambrice, et Descriptio Kambriæ (Geraldus Cambrensis Opera 6) (Rolls Ser.) (1868): 130 (Date: A.D. 1157: "Fuerant autem duo nobiles viti, et ejus qui scripsit haec avunculi, cum aliis hue a rege transmissi: Henricus scilicet regis Henrici primi filius, et secundi avunculus, ex nobili Nesta, Resi filii Theodori filia, in australi Kambria Demetiae finibus oriundus; et Robertus Stephani filius, Henrici frater non germanus sed uterinus."), 130, footnote 2 ("The death of Henry, her [Nest's] son by [King] H[enryl I., in this attack on Anglesea, is placed by Brut under 1156, in Ann. Camb. under 1158. By the former he is called Henry son of King Henry; by the latter, Henry son of Girald, or, according to others, son of king Henry. He was the father of the famous Meiler, the great hero of the Irish invasion."). Gilbert Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin 1 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 30-31 (charter of Walter de Ridelisford to St. Mary's Abbey; charter granted with consent of his wife, Amabilis Fitz Henry and witnessed by Meiler Fitz Henry). Orpen Ireland under the Normans 1 (1911): 18 (ped. chart). Jour. Royal Soc. of Antiqs. Ireland 82 (1952): 46-61. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.656. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 298-299 (biog. of Meiler Fitzhenry). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith: i. MAUD (or MATHILDE, MAHAUT) OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 (as his 1st wife) ROTROU II “the Great,” Count of Perche, seigneur of Belleme, son and heir of Geoffroi, Count of Mortagne and Perche, by Beatrix, daughter of Count Hilduin, Count of Montdidier and Roucy. He was born about 1080. Her maritagium likely included the manors of Aldboume and Wanborough, Wiltshire. They had two daughters, Philippe and Felicie. During the 1st Crusade, he fought at the Siege of Nicaea in mid-1097. He commanded a division that broke out of Antioch in June 1098. He crusaded against the Muslims in Spain probably in 1108. In 1114 he aided his father-in-law, King Henry I, at the Siege of Belleme. At the request of his wife, Maud, a hide of land at Wanborough, Wiltshire was given to Lewes Priory. His wife, Maud, was drowned in the shipwreck of the White Ship 25 Dec. 1120. He was Governor of Tudela in Aragon and participated in campaigns in Aragon from 1123 until the mid-1130s. He returned to Perche by 1135. He married (2nd) before 1126 HAWISE OF SALISBURY, daughter of Walter of Salisbury (also known as Walter Fitz Edward), of Chitterne, Wiltshire, Great Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, North Aston, Oxfordshire, etc., hereditary Sheriff of Wiltshire, Constable of Salisbury Castle, by Sibyl, daughter of Patrick de Chaources (or Sourches) [see LONGESPEE 2 for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Geoffroi, Rotrou (III) [Count of Perche], and Etienne [Archbishop-elect of Palermo]. After King Henry I's death in 1135, he and his nephew, Richer de l'Aigle, extorted the castles of Moulins and Bonmoulins as the price for their support for King Stephen. In 1139 he was taken in the English king's pay and defeated the unruly knights of Breteuil. ROTROU II, Count of Perche, died 6 May 1144 at the Siege of the Towe of Rouen, he then being in the service of Empress Maud and her husband, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. His widow, Hawise, married (2nd) (as his 1st wife) ROBERT I, Count of Dreux and Braille [see DREUX 6], and, in right of his 1st wife, Count of Perche, seigneur of Bellème, younger son of Louis VI, King of France, by Alix, daughter of Humbert II, Count of Savoy and Maurienne [see FRANCE 5 for his ancestry]. They had one daughter, Alix (wife successively of Waleran III, seigneur of Breteuil, Guy II, seigneur of Châtillon-sur-Marne, Jean I, seigneur of Torote, Châtellain de Noyon, and Raoul I de Nesle, Count of Soissons). His wife, Hawise, died in 1152. Robert I, Count of Dreux and Braine, died 11 October 1188. Duchesne Histoire Généalogique de la Maison Royale de Dreux (1631): 13-42. Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 74-75 (sub Capetians), 423-425 (sub Comtes de Dreux). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Des Murs Hist. des Comtes du Perche de la Fam. des Rotrou (1856). Herald & Genealogist 3 (1866): 173-176. Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 255 (Genealogiæ Fusniacensis: "Rotaldus comes, prefati comitis filius, duxit filiam regis Anglie, de qua filiam procreavit. "). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 3940 (charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche, dated c.1119; charter witnessed by his sister [soror], Juliane, and her son, Richer), 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe). Money Hist. of the Ancient Town & Borough of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Boulais Receuil des Antiquitéz du Perche (1890). Romanet de Beaune Géographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (1894): 33-35. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 419 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "6 [Obiit] Rotrodos comes."). Lalizel Abbaye Royal d'Arcisses (Archives du Diocèse de Chartres 10) (1900): 3-10 (charters of Rotrou, Count of Perche). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. VCH Wiltshire 9 (1970): 174-186; 12 (1983): 67-86. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Traditio 41(1985): 145-179. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.649. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France (2002). Hollister Henry I (2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Power Norman Frontier in the Twelfth & Early Thirteenth Centuries (2004): 360-361. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Geoffrey Grossus Life of Blessed Bernard of Tiron (2009): 71, footnote 1. Child of Maud (or Mathilde) of England, by Rotrou II of Perche: a. PHILIPPE OF PERCHE, married HELIE OF ANJOU, Count of Maine, younger son of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine. They had one daughter, Beatrix (wife of Jean I, Count of Alençon). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe [assensu generis mei Helie filieque mee Romanet de Beaune Geographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30-31 ("... Helias vero ...comes Cenomannonun factus est, et xx annis adepto consulatu strenue potitis est. Heres quoque soceri sin Gervasii de Castro Lidi factus est, eujus filiam habuit, ex qua filiam nomine Eremburgem genuit, quam domino suo Fulconi, Andegavorum comiti, in matromonium copulavit … Uxor ejus ei filiam, Eremburgem nomine, peperit, quae, nubilibus annis, Fulconi, Andegavorum tunc comiti, nunc Ierosolymorum regi, nupsit et generosam sobolem genuit: Joffredum et Heliam, Mathildem et Sibyllam, quae filiis regum solemniter nupserunt"). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by various mistresses: i. GILBERT FITZ ROY. He was still young and unmarried in 1142. Nothing more is known of him. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 281 286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.660. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. WILLIAM DE TRACY. He died soon after his father. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121 (author states in error that William de Tracy had a daughter and heiress, Grace, wife of John de Sudeley, of Sudeley Castle and Toddington, Gloucestershire). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.659. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). iii. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ENGLAND, married CONAN III, Duke of Brittany [see BRITTANY 3]. iv. JULIANE OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 EUSTACHE DE PACY (or DE BRETEUIL), seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, illegitimate son of Guillaume, seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, by an unknown mistress. They had two sons, Guillaume and Roger, and two daughters. In 1119 he took part in the rebellion against King Henry I, who besieged his wife, Juliane, at Breteuil. She fled to Pacy, and in the autumn of 1119 Eustache and Juliane were pardoned by the king. A few years later she became a nun at Fontevrault. EUSTACHE DE PACY died at the beginning of Lent 1136, Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Depoin Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Saint-Martin de Pontoise (1895): 470-476 (Famille d'Ivry). C.P. 8 (1932): 209-210 (sub Lovel); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X11.648. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 304 (Fitz Osbem ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Norrnandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). v. MABEL OF ENGLAND, married before c.1125 GUILLAUME GOUET (or GORT), seigneur of Montmirail and Alluyes, son and heir of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail, Alluyes, Authon, la Bazoche-Gouet, Brou, and Château-du-Loir, by his wife, Eustachie Crespon. They had one son, Guillaume [seigneur of Montmirail]. He joined his parents and his brothers, Robert and Matthew, in the foundation of the Priory of St. Giles des Chateigniers as a cell of Tiron. In 1114, as William Gouet junior, he was one of the nobles of Thibaut, Count of Chartres, whom the count called to advise him. In 1116, with his father and mother, he gave judgment in a dispute between the abbey of Marmoutier and Gaston de Brou. As "Guillaume Goët le jeune," he witnessed a charter of Guillaume de Mesmerand to the leproserie of Chateaudun c.1120. He succeeded his father before c.1125. He made an agreement c.1125 with the Prior of Saint-Denis de Nogent regarding the churches of Ceton and Saint-Ulphace. He likewise gave c.1125 to the monks of Saint-Denis the church of Unverre that Gaston de Brou gave them and that his mother Eustachie unjustly retained; for which gift he received 10 livres and his wife, Mabel, 100 sous. About 1127 he witnessed a charter of Ives de Courville, by which he quitclaimed his land in Courville to Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. In 1136 he granted various privileges to Tiron Abbey. In 1140 he confirmed the gift of Bois-Ruffin made by Ursion de Meslay. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Guérard Cartulaire de Saint Père de Chartres 2 (1840): 471-476, 483-486, 494-495. Lépinois Histoire de Chartres 1 (1854): /41. Etudes sur le Maine, Noblesse du Maine aux Crusades (1859): 49-50. Charles & Elbenne Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans (1886-1913): Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbve de la Sainte-Trinité di Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cix (arms of Guillaume Goet dated 1139: Mi-parti au 1er d'argent à deux chevrons de sable; au 2e trois chevrons brisés d'or), 24-27, 78-79, 104-106. Merlet Inventaire-sommaire des Archives départementales anterieures (11790: Eure-et-Loir, Archives Ecclésiastiques, Serie H 8 (1897): 161. Souancé & Métais Saint-Denis de Nogent-le-Rotrou 1031-1789: Histoire et Cartulaire (1899): LVII-LIX, 103-104 (charter of Guillaume Gouet junior son of Guillaume Gouet dated c.1125), 104-106 (charter dated c.1125 naming Guillaume [Gouet] junior, son of Eustachie wife of [Guillaume] Gouet, and his wife, Mabel), 164-166. Bulls. de la Societé Dunoise Archeologie, Histoire, Sciences & Arts 10 (1904): 171-188. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.663, XIII.1014. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Child of Mabel of England, by Guillaume Gouet: a. GUILLAUME GOUET, seigneur of Montmirail, married ISABELLE (or ELIZABETH) OF BLOIS, Duchess of Apulia [see DONZY 4]. vi. CONSTANCE OF ENGLAND, married ROSCELIN DE BEAUMONT, Vicomte of Beaumont-en-Maine [see BEAUMONT 3]. vii. ALINE OF ENGLAND, married MATHIEU DE MONTMORENCY, seigneur of Montmorency [see LEICESTER 3 {sic: MONTMORENCY 3}]. v. SIBYL OF ENGLAND, married ALEXANDER I, King of Scots [see SCOTLAND 1.v], younger son of Malcolm III (Ceannmor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for his parentage]. He was born about 1077. They had no issue. By an unknown mistress, he had an illegitimate son, Malcolm. He became King of Scotland in 1107 on the death of his elder brother, Edgar, King of Scots. He and his wife, Sibyl, founded the monastery of Scone in Perthshire in 1113-14. He was also a benefactor to Durham and Dunfermline. He invaded Wales in summer 1114, in cooperation with King Henry I of England. His wife, Sibyl, died suddenly at Loch Tay 12 July 1122. ALEXANDER I, King of Scots, died at Stirling 23 April 1124, and was buried before the great altar at Dunfermline, Fife near his father. Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: “VII. Kal. Mali [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "VI. Id. Jul. [10 July] Ob. Sibilla Regina Scottorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Turnbull Extracta E Variis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 68 (Extracts ex Cronicis Scocie sub A.D. 1122: "Sibilla, illustris regine Scocie, uxor regis Alexandri, filia Henrici Beuclerk regis Anglie, apud Lochtay cellam canonicorum de Scona obiit anno Domini Moc.xxij"). Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis 2 (1849): 78 (sub A.D. 1123: "Alexander rex Scottorum, VII. kal. Maii [25 April], obiit."). Liber Ecclesie de Scone (1863): 1-3 (charter of Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl; charter witnessed by his nephew [nepos], Alexander, and by William, brother of the queen [frater regine]). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 3 (sub Kings of Scotland). Lawrie Early Scottish Charters prior to A.D. 1153 (1905): 28-30 (charter to Scone Priory dated c.1120 issued by Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl, "filia Henrici Regis Angliae"), 262. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 50-57. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.655, XIII.205. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 57. Duncan Kingship of the Scots 842-1292 (2002). Barrow Kingdom of the Scots (2003): 1541-56. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Oram David I: The King Who Made Scotland (2004). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 313 (Scotland ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I, by Isabel of Meulan, daughter of Robert of Meulan (or de Beaumont), Count of Meulan, by Isabel (or Elizabeth), daughter of Hugues le Grand Count of Crepy [see VERMANDOIS 5 for her ancestry]. Isabel de Meulan married (1st) Gilbert Fitz Gilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 6 Jan. 1147/8) [see PEMBROKE 3] and (2nd) Ralph Bluet, of Silchester, Hampshire and Lacock, Wiltshire (living 1167) [see PEMBROKE 3]. She was allegedly living in 1172. i. ISABEL OF ENGLAND. She and her mother, Countess Isabel, witnessed two undated charters of her half-brother, Richard Fitz Gilbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Her subsequent history is unknown. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 10 (1855): 261-263 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to the monks of Usk; charter witnessed by Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter, Ralph Bloet, and Walter Bloet). C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 361 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Gilbert to Goldcliff Priory; charter witnessed by Isabel the earl's mother and Isabel his sister). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-102 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke) ("Actually there is no reasonable doubt that Isabel [de Meulan]s daughter bore her mother's name, lived with her after the elder Isabel's marriage, and continued to do so after her step-father's death. For the first two witnesses to the 2nd Earl of Pembroke's charter for Usk are the Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter; and in the charter for Goldcliff Priory the first two witnesses are Isabel the Earl's mother and Isabel the Earl's sister. There is no evidence that she ever married."); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.657. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Alleged but unlikely daughter of King Henry I: i. EMMA OF ENGLAND, married GUY DE LAVAL, seigneur of Laval. Hollister Henry 1(2001): 228 ("Bertrand de Brousillon, La Maison de Laval, 1: 79: 'on pretend meme que l’abbaye de Clermont aurait conserve longtemps une tombe sur laquelle on lisait EMMA ANGLORUM REGIS FILIA DOMINAQUE LAVALLENSIS.' The author dismisses this tradition on the grounds that Robert of Torigny omits 'Emma' from his list of Henry's daughters, but the list is by no means complete. Emma is absent from the list of Henry I's illegitimate daughters in CP, 11, app. D, pp. 112-121.").” 2. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “ROBERT [II], Count of Meulan, son and heir of Waleran (or Galeran) [II], Count of Meulan, Earl of Worcester, seigneur of Beaumont-le-Roger, Brionne, la Croix Saint-Leufroy, Elbeuf, Port-Audemer, etc., by Agnes, daughter of Amaury de Montfort, Count of Evreux. He married about 1165 MAUD OF CORNWALL, daughter of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall (illegitimate son of King Henry I), by Mabel, daughter of William Fitz Richard [see ENGLAND 2.i for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Waleran (or Galeran), Peter [Dean of Wimborne], and Henry, and two daughters, Mabel and Jeanne (wife of Guy IV, seigneur of La Roche Guyon). In 1173 he adhered to the young King Henry in his revolt against Henry II, but was reconciled to the king. Holding lands in both France and Normandy, the conflict between Philip Augustus and the English kings placed him in a difficult position, and eventually brought about his ruin. In 1188 when Philip took Vedôme, he captured 62 knights sent by the Count of Meulan to assist the defence. In 1191 he was excommunicated for taking action against William de Longchamp, Bishop of Ely. In 1202 he confirmed the charter of his sister, Isabel de Mayenne, to the monks of Savigny. In 1202 he revolted against King Philippe Auguste of France, and suffered the confiscation of his county of Meulan in consequence. Conversely, he had incurred King John's malevolentia before 2 April 1203, when the abbot of Saint-Taurin d'Evreux acted as an intermediary to reconcile him with the king of England. In a vain attempt to save his position, he handed over all of his estates 1 May 1204 to his daughter, Mabel, and her husband, William de Vernon, Earl of Devon. John, however, seized his English estates, and Philippe those in France and Normandy. ROBERT, deposed Count of Meulan, was living 14 November 1207; he died 16 August, about 1212. His widow, Maud, was living 25 October 1212; she reportedly died 1220-1. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 75-76. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farns of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301441, Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 390. Stapleton Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ 1 (1840): clv-clvi; 2 (1844): ccix ("Robert d’Harcourt is assumed to have married Joanna de Meulan, daughter of Robert Comte de Meulan, but none of the Preuves adduced justify such a conclusion."). Guilmeth Histoire de la Ville et des Environs d'Elbeuf (1842): 393-4	Fitz Roy, Reynold (I6395)
6041	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY nicknamed “Beauclerc,” King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Cotentin, 4th son, born in 1068 or 1069. He married (1st) 11 Nov. 1100 MAUD OF SCOTLAND, daughter of Malcolm III (CeannMor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for her parentage]. She was born in 1079. They had one son, William, and one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, died at Westminster 1 May 1118. He married (2nd) at Windsor, Berkshire 29 Jan. 1121 ALICE (or AELIZ, ALEIDE, ALEYDA, AELIDIS, ADELIDE, ADELIDIS, ADELAIDIS, ADELIZA, ADELIZE, ATHELICE) OF LOUVAIN, daughter of Gottfried (or Godefroy) I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Louvain, by his 1st wife, Ida, daughter of Otto II, Count of Chiny. She was born about 1103. They had no issue. By various mistresses, he had eight illegitimate sons, Robert [Earl of Gloucester], Richard, Fulk, Reynold [Earl of Cornwall], Robert, Gilbert, William de Tracy, and Henry, and nine illegitimate daughters, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Rotrou II, Count of Perche), Alice, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Conan III, Duke of Brittany), Juliane (wife of Eustache de Pacy, seigneur of Breteuil and Pacy), Mabel (wife of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail), Constance (wife of Roscelin de Beaumont), Aline (wife of Mathieu de Montmorency), Sibyl (wife of Alexander I, King of Scots), and Isabel.* HENRY I, King of England died at Lyons-la-Forêt (near Rouen), Normandy 1 Dec. 1135, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. His widow, Alice, married (2nd) after Dec. 1136 but later than summer 1139 WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, Earl of Lincoln, afterwards 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), hereditary Chief Butler of England, Privy Councillor to King Henry I [see CLIFTON 3]. They had four sons, William [2nd Earl of Arundel or Sussex], Reiner, Henry, and Godfrey, and two daughters, Alice (wife of Jean I, Count of Eu and Alvred de Saint Martin) and Olive. He was a witness to King Stephen's 2nd Charter of Liberties in 1136. He was created Earl of Lincoln c.1138. He gave shelter to Empress Maud at Arundel Castle in 1139, but afterwards adhered to King Stephen. His earldom was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex before Christmas 1141. In his own later charters he is styled Earl of Chichester. About 1145 he witnessed a charter of Henry Hussey as "Consul Willelmo de Cicesterr." His wife, Alice, presented to the prebend of West Dean in 1150. Alice, dowager Queen of England, died as a nun at Affligem Abbey in Brabant 25 (or 26) March 1151, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. He was influential in arranging the treaty of 1153, whereby the Crown continued with King Stephen for life, though the inheritance thereof was secured to Henry II. He subscribed his name to this instrument as "Comes Cicestrie." By grant dated c.1155, King Henry II confirmed to him as "William, Earl of Arundel" the Castle of Arundel, with the whole honour of Arundel and all its appurtenances. He served as Joint Ambassador to France and to the Pope in 1163/4. He served as Chief Ambassador with Princess Maud to Germany in 1168. He was appointed joint Commander of the royal army in Normandy in 1173. In Sept. 1173 he assisted in the defeat near Bury St. Edmunds of the Earl of Leicester. He founded Buckenham Abbey, Norfolk and Pynharn Priory, Sussex. WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), died at Waverley Abbey, Surrey 4 (or 12) October 1176, and was buried at Wymondham Priory, Norfolk. [Footnote *: In 1824 the Scottish historian Chalmers stated that King Henry I of England had an illegitimate daughter, Elizabeth, who married Fergus, lord of Galloway (died 1161). [see Chalmers Caledonia 3 (1824): 250, footnote k ("Fergus [lord of Galloway] ... was a prince of some note, even at the court of Henry I. of England, is certain : as he took to wife, according to the heralds, genealogists, and chroniclers, Elizabeth, the natural daughter of Henry I.")]. Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway), however, debunked Chalmers' statement, noting that the authorities quoted by Chalmers "do not bear out his assertion." Even so, other secondary sources have continued to repeat Chalmers' unfounded claim: See, for example, Mackenzie History of Galloway (1841): 167-172 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England"); Anderson Scottish Nation 2 (1862): 195 ("Fergus, lord of Galloway ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England ..."); M'Kerlie Galloway in Ancient & Modern Times (1891): 155 ("It is necessary to repeat here that Fergus married Elizabeth, the natural daughter of King Henry I. of England."); Maxwell Hist. of Dumfries & Galloway (1896): 47-48 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, natural daughter of Henry I., and sister of Sibilla, who married Alexander I., brother of David."); Ramsay Angevin Empire (1903): 90, footnote 7 ("Gunfrith [i.e., Godred] was son of Olaf, by Afreca, daughter of Fergus of Galloway, by 'Elisabeth,' reputed natural daughter of Henry I."); Oram Lordship of Galloway (2000): 60; Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Barrow Robert Bruce (1965): 36, footnote 2 notes that "Roger Howden calls Uchtred son of Fergus of Galloway a cousin of King Henry II (Gesta Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Ser., i, 80)," a relationship which Professor Barrow states "is best explained on the supposition that Fergus married a bastard daughter of Henry I." However, given that King Henry II of England had a Scottish grandmother, a more likely explanation of the kinship between the Galloway and English royal families is that the wife of Fergus was near related to the Scottish royal family, possibly being a sister of William Fitz Duncan, whose grandfather was Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots [died 1093]. This arrangement would make Uchtred son of Fergus and King Henry II of England related in the 3rd degree of kindred (or second cousins).] D'Achery Spicilegium 10 (1671): 612-613 (Continuatio Chronici Afflegemiensis: "Filia præfati Ducis Aleidis juncta matrimonio Regi Angliæ, post obitum secundi con jugis Afflegemiensis Claustri solitudinem ad reliquum vitæ ad humandum corpus elegit in domo turti Ecclesiæ contigua, cum una aut akera ancilla in Fratrum Afflegemiensiurn quieta taciturna multitudine solitaria habitavit, & beato fine quievit, de qua epitaphium: Aleidis Regina Anglim, filia Ducis Godefridi cum barba, Regnum suscepit in Anglia an MCXXI. obiit 9 Kal. Maii [23 April], sepulta è regione horologii nostri."). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 30 (Kalendar of Obits: "IIII Non. December [2 December]. Obitus Henrici Regis."). Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 32-34. Morice Mémoires pour servir de Preuves à l'Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne 1 (1742): 130 (Extract of Cronicle of Robert, Abbot of Mont Saint Michel: "Anno 1135. Obiit Henricus I. Rex Anglorum in prima die Decembris, cum regnasset annis 35. & 4 mensibus."). Brequigny & Mouchet Table Chronologique des Diplômes, Chartes, Titres ... concernant l’Histoire de France 3 (1783): 236 (charter dated c.1155 of Alice Queen of the English [Adelaidis reginæ Anglorum]). Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: Kal. Maii [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 218 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "IV. Non. Dec. [2 December] Ob Henricus Rex Anglorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Norrnands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXI)). Tierney Hist. & Antiqs. of the Castle & Town of Arundel 1 (1834): 169-179. Michel Histoire des Ducs de Normandie et des Rois D'Angleterre (1840): 69 ("Li rois Henrie, quant la roine Mehaus fu morte, prist à feme Aalis, la fille Godefroi le duc de Louvaing, la cousine Wistasse [Eustace] de Bouloigne; mais n'en ot nul enfant. Si ot-il de bas .vj. Ills et .vij. fines"). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 135-211 (biog. of Matilda of Scotland), 212-256 (biog. of Adelicia of Louvaine). Barrett Memorials of the parochial Church ... in the Parish of Attleborough (1848): 12-41. Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis 2 (1849): 74 (Maud [of Blois], Countess of Chester, styled "niece" to King Henry I of England [neptis regis1). Ordericus Vitalis Ecclesiastical Hist. of England & Normandy 3 (1854): 482 (Roger Fitz Roger and Walter d'Aufay [Aufai] styled "cousins" to King Henry I at Battle of Bremule in 1119 by Ordericus Vitalis). Arch. Journal 20 (1863): 283 ("Adeliza appears to have used the identical matrux of the seal which had belonged to the first queen of Henry I., the name-Aalidis-having been substituted for Matli[Idis), 287-288 (charter of Queen Alice [Aelidis regina] ... There is appended ... a pointed oval seal of white wax .... device, a female figure standing ... The legend is + SIGILLVM • AALIDIS • SECVND[AE • DE]I • GRACIA • REGINAE • ANGLIE.), 288-289 (charter of Queen Alice [A. Dei gracia Regina]); 22 (1865): 152-153 (charter of William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Lincoln; charter names Queen Alice his wife [regina Adelidis]). Sussex Arch. Colls. 15 (1863): 112-113. Luard Annales Monastici 1 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1864): 14 (Margam Annals sub 1151: "Obiit Adelidis, regina secunda Henrici regis."); 3 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1866): 433 (Bermondsey Annals sub A.D. 1121: "Hoc anno rex Henricus primus duxit Adelizam, filiam ducis Lovaniae, in uxorem, tertio nonas Februarii [3 February]."). Burke Gen. Hist, of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited & Extinct Peerages (1866): 2-3 (sub Albini, Earls of Arundel). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. (1867): 21-33 ("In the Register of the Priory of Bromhale, we find the record of his death under the date of the 4th day of October, 22nd of Henry II (A.D. 1176), in the following words, `obiit Willielmus Comes Arundel' (no mention of Sussex or Chichester), et `sepultus est in prioratus de Wymondham.’"). Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptorum 20 (1868): 67 (Orderic Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, Liber X: Roger Fitz Richard [de Clare) styled "kinsman" [cognatus) of King Henry I of England). Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104-108 (discusses evidence that King Henry I had an illegitimate daughter, Maud (or Mathilde)/Almodis, who was Abbess of Montivilliers). Ellis Antiqs. of Heraldry (1869): 206-207 (Aubigny ped.). Lower Compendious Hist. of Sussex 1 (1870): 70 (Robert de Haia, founder of Boxgrove Priory, styled "king's kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry I). Delisle Delisle Chronique de Robert de Tongni 1 (1872): 215 (sub A.D. 1139: "Invitarerat enim eos Willermus de Albinneio, qui duxerat Aeliz quondam reginam, quæ habebat castellum et comitatum Hardundel, quod rex Henricus dederat ei in dote."); 2 (1873): 63-64 ("Cessit etiam in fata Willermus de Albineio, quem vocabant comitem d'Arundel, relinquens filios quatuor, scilicet Guillermum de Albineio pritnogenitum, et alios tres natos ex Aeliza regina, uxore primi Henrici regis Anglorum."). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1874): 298 (sub 1176: "comes etiam Willelmus de Arundel obiit quarto idus Octobris [12 October] apud Waverle, et sepultus eat apud Wimundham, cellam scilicet ecclesiæ Sancti Albani, cujus cellæ patronus fuisse dinoscitur."). Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Obiit autem Matildis regina Anglia anno regni sui xviiio, kalendis Maii [1 May], et apud Radingas sepulta est."). Merlet Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cviii (arms of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy dated 1115: D'argent au cavalier d'azur). D.N.B. 1 (1885): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1(1886): 66 (sub Arundel). Raine Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1886): 169 (History of the Four Archbishops by Hugh the Chantor - King Henry I and Pope Calixtus II were kinsmen: "Nam præter spiritualem patris et filii relationem, carnali consanguinitate propinqui erant, quorum avus et avia frater et soror fuerunt." (Note: Pope Calixtus II was a younger son of William I, Count of Burgundy, whose mother Alice was daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 5-8 (seal of King Henry I - Obverse. King, seated in majesty, in an undercoat with sleeves tight at wrists, and loose skirts reaching below knees; and long flowing cloak fastened at throat and spreading out behind, which has a border, with indications of a fur of symmetrical pattern. On the head a cap-shaped crown, with three fleurs-de-lis, one at top and one at either side, and two chin-straps hanging loosely at sides, the ends having buckles in shape of trefoils. In right hand, extended outwards from elbow, a sword is held almost perpendicularly. In left hand, similarly extended, an orb, ensigned with a long cross pattee pommettee. Throne, apparently square, and closely resembling that of William II.; the centre curves with a bold cusp inwards, with a string-course, and is the narrowest part. In lower of two compartments thus made, is a footboard, not enough remaining to show original size. On throne a flat cushion with square edge, carrying at each end a hemispherical ornament, intended for pillow. Reverse. King, hauberk of chain-mail; conical helmet, having a blunt point at crown of head, and perhaps armed with projecting nose-piece; single pointed spur of goad form; long lance to which is attached a banner, charged with cross moline, and three pairs of waving streamers. No indication of sword. In left hand, held by interior strap, a kite-shaped shield, seen from within. The horse is walking to the right hand, caparisoned with breast-band, which is ornamented by five globular pendants equi-distant. Saddle of small dimensions; with stirrups. The loosely gathered reins are held up in left hand, which also sustains shield. Legend: + HENRIC' D... ... ...). Round "An Unknown Mistress of Henry I." in Eng. Hist. Rev. 5 (1890): 745-746. Luard Flores Historiarum 2 ((Rolls Ser.) 1890): 69 ("Anno gratix MCLIo [1151]. Obiit Adelicia regina, uxor regis Stephani;" the editor notes that the name "Stephani" is erased in Ch. and altered to "Henrici I."). Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (Docs. sur la Province du Perche 3rd Ser. 2) (1894): 40-43. Recueil des Historiens des Castles et de la France 23 (1894): 471 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: "25 Mart. Obiit Adelicia regina."), 476 (Ex Necrologio Monasterii Crucis Sancti Leufredi: "25 Mart. [Obiit] Adeliza, regina Anglorum."), 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Mali. [Obiit] Matildis, regina Anglorum."), 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "12 Oct. [Obiit] Guillelmus, comes de Arundel."), 581 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Dec. [Obiit] Henricus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum."). Napier & Stevenson Crawford Coll. of early Charters & Docs. now in the Bodleian library (1895): 31 (William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Chichester dated c.1150; charter names his wife, Queen Alice [regina Adelide]). Bradshaw Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral Pt. 2 (1897): (obits. in the odd volume of the great Latin Bible), ccxxxviii (2 May - "Matildis regina uxor Henrici regis."), ccxlii (2 Dec. - "Henricus, pacificus rex Anglorum."). Trans. East Herts Arch. Soc. 1(1) (1901): 129-135 (charter of Queen Alice widow of King Henry I dated 1136 [Adelidis regina uxor nobillisimi regis Henrici & filia Godefridi ducis lotharingie]. C.C.R. 1227-1231 (1902): 530 (confirmation of gift of Alice, formerly Queen of England). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 316 (Abbaye de Saint-Denis: "kal. Maius [1 May] Ob. Matildis, Anglorum regina [1118]."), 523 (Prieure de Longpont: "kaL maii. [1 May] [obit.] Maltidis, Anglorum regina [1118]."). Warner & Ellis Facsimiles of Royal & Other Charters in the British Museum 1 (1903): #14 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Lincoln dated c.1139-40; charter names his wife, Queen Adeleidis), #27 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Chichester dated 1151-2; charter names his wife, Queen Athelice). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 1-2 (sub Kings of Scotland). Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 25-34. Eng. Hist. Rev. 21(1906): 505-509. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 2 (1906): 241 (Obituaire of Prieure de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan: "Henricus, rex Anglorum, frater noster, III nonas decembris [3 Dec.] [1135]."), 661 (Nécrologe of Abbaye de Saint-Jean-en-Vallée: 12 Dec.] IIII non. Obiit Henricus, Anglorum rex [1135], ecclesiarum amator praecipuus."). Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway) ("[Fergus, lord of Galloway] is said to have married Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of King Henry I. of England, but the authorities quoted by Chalmers, who makes the statement, do not bear out his assertion."). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Urseau Cartulaire Moir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (1908): 167-168 (charter of King Henry I dated c.1111=20). Gomme Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1909): 217 (sub A.D. 1100: Maud of Scotland, 1st wife of King Henry I, styled "kinswoman to king Edward [the Confessor] and of the true royal race of England."), 239-240 (sub A.D. 1127: Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone], Abbot of Saint-Jean of Angély (in Poitou), afterwards Abbot of Peterborough styled "kinsman" [mæi] of [Henry I] King of England and [Guillaume] Count of Poitou) [see also Earle and Plummer Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel 1 (1892): 257; English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-5601. CP. 1 (1910): 233-235, 237 (chart) (sub Arundel); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Round King's Serjeants & Officers of State (1911): 140-165. English Hist. Rev. 34 (1919): 303-382. Farrer Outline Itinerary of King Henry 1 (1920). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) XI 112. Rübel-Blass (1939) 257 (biographical information). G.H. White "Henry I's Illegitimate Children," in C.P. 11 (1949), Appendix D, 105-121. Leys Sandford Cartulary 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 22) (1941): 216. Johnson et al. Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066-1154 2 (1956): 148 (John [son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent], a royal chaplain, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of King Henry I of England in charter dated 1117-19). C.R.R. 12 (1957): 157-158 (Sibyl de Falaise, wife of Baldwin de Bolers, styled "kinswoman" [nepte] of King Henry I of England). Stenton First Century of English Feudalism, 1066-1166 (1961). Davis King Stephen (1967): 137 ("[King] Stephen recognized three successive earls of Lincoln ... The first was William d'Aubigny pincerna who married Queen Adeliza, widow of King Henry I, and in her right became lord of the honour and castle of Arundel. He styles himself William Earl of Lincoln in three charters in which his identity is proved by references to his wife. They are in favour of Lewes Priory and the abbeys of Reading and Affligem-and in the case of Affligem there is also a charter of Adeliza referring to her husband as earl of Lincoln (Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville 3245; Warner and Ellis, Facsimiles, no. 14; E. de Marneffe, Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Affligem in Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclesiastique de la Belgique, 2o section, pp. 104,106). In royal charters it is usually impossible to distinguish him from his successor, William de Roumare, since the normal style of both was Willelmus comes de Lincolnia, or (before he was an earl) from his father, William d'Aubignypincerna, who died before June 1139 (Reg. iii. 973). If Robert de Torigny is right (Chronicles iv. 137) William had married Adeliza by September 1139, and it is tempting to assume that it was on his marriage that he was made earl of Lincoln, his connection with that county being that his mother, Maud Bigod, was a grand-daughter, and possible co-heiress, of Robert de Tosny of Belvoir. We do not know precisely when he was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex, but it was certainly by Christmas 1141 when he attested a charter as Comite Willelmo de Sudsexa (Reg. iii. 276)."). Chibnall Ecclesiastical Hist. of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80): 317 (Vol. VI, Book XII - Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone] styled "kinsman" [cognato] of King Henry I of England) [see English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-560]. Albion 10 (1978): 330-340. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 95 (sub Hainault, Brabant); 2 (1984): 81 (sub England); 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Chibnall Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166 (1986). Green Government of England under Henry 1(1986). Hollister Monarchy, Magnates, & Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World (1986). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 1 (Camden Soc. 4th Ser. 31) (1986): 301, 369, 476. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.1.423, XII.371, X11.644-X11.645, XIII.207. Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 136 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "7 Kal. [Apr.] [26 March]. Obiit Atheliza regina."), 130 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit Rex Anglorum Henricus primus."), 146 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit rex Anglorum Henricus i."). Haskins Soc. Jour. 7 (1995): 101-116. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35, 57. Scottish Hirt. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I Pt 2 (List and Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 143 (confirmation c. 1172/81 of grant made by Queen Adela) (original published in Jour. of British Architetural Assoc. 17: 312). Scottish Hist. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Harper-Bill Anglo-Norman Studies XXI (1999): 145-168. Bartlett England under the Norman & Angevin Kings 1075-1225 (2000). Hollister Henry 1(2001). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.), 313 (Scotland ped.). Weller Die Heiratspolitik des deutschen Hochadels im 12. Jahrhundert (2004): 464-4.76 (biog. of Königin Adelheid von England) ("On page 476, Weller states: "Seine Gattin Adelheid von Lowen, die ehemalige Konigin von England, war schon 1151 wahrend des Bürgerkrieges verschieden und wurde in Reading beigesetzt ... Der Begräbnisort Kgn. Adelheids geht aus einem Schreiben Jocelins v. Löwen an Bf. Hilarius v. Chichester eindeutig hervor, vgl. Reading Abbey Cartularies 1, No. 551, 416E; s.a. Bartlett, England 596. Nicht stichhaltig ist demgegeniiber die van Sanderus, Chorographia 1, 45, verbreitete Nachricht, wonach Adelheid vor ihrem Tod in ihre Heimat übergesiedelt und im Kloster Afflighem gestoren and begraben sei; heirnach auch John Horace Round in dem Art.: Adeliza of Louvain, in DNB 1(1885): 137f.; Complete Peerage 1, 235. Allerdings ist Kgn. Adelheid als Wohltäterin von Afflighem aufgetreten unde hat dem Kloster einigen Besitz in England gestiftet; vgl. Cart. Afflighem, No. 79, 121-124 (hier 122)."). Verbeke Medieval Narrative Sources (2005): 21-36. Fleming Henry I & the Anglo-Norman World: Studies in Memory of C. Warren Hollister (2006). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006). Children of King Henry I of England, by Maud of Scotland: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, son and heir apparent, born in 1103. As his father's destined successor, he received the homage of the Normans barons in 1115, and that of the English witan in 1116. He married at Lisieux in May 1119 MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ANJOU, daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou. He was with his father at the Battle of Bremule in 1119. Early in 1120 King Louis of France invested him with the duchy of Normandy. He was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 160 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1120: "Willelmus filius Henrici Regis, & Ricardus frater ejus & Ricardus Comes de Cestria cum multis Nobilibus naufragio perierunt.”). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. D.N.B. 21(1909): 337 (biog. of William, son of Henry I, King of England). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 81 (sub England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.644. Caenegem English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I 1 (Selden Soc. 106) (1990): 180-181, 192-193, 213-214. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.). ii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, married (1st) HEINRICH V, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor; (2nd) GEOFFREY V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy [see next]. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by an unknown mistress, (possibly a member of the Bohun family): i. ROBERT FITZ ROY, Earl of Gloucester, married MABEL FITZ ROBERT [see GLOUCESTER 3]. Illegitimate sons of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Ansfride, widow of Anskill, a knight who was a tenant of Abingdon Abbey: i. RICHARD FITZ ROY, born before 1101. He served against the French in 1119, and was captured at Les Andelys. He was set free with his comrades by King Louis, because they had taken sanctuary in the church of Notre Dame du Grand Andely. Later the same year he was with his father at the Siege of Evreux and the Battle of Brémule. In Sept. 1119 he was sent to raise the Siege at Bréteuil. He was betrothed to Amice de Gael, daughter of Raoul, seigneur of Gael in Brittany and Bréteuil in Normandy. He was drowned immediately afterwards in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Amice subsequently married Robert of Meulan, 1st Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 6]. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Alium quoque habuit filium Ricardum, et cessavit parere... Navis enim infausta qun regis gestabat filios Willelrnum et Ricardum, submersa est, periitque in scopulis Barbefluvii."). C.P. 7 (1929): 527-530 (sub Leicester); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.646. Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni 2 (1992): 248-249 (Robert de Torigny: "Ricardus autem, huius comitis uno de patre frater, cum fratre suo Willelmo in sepedicto naufiagio periit."). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. FULK FITZ ROY. Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(II.647. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Sibyl Corbet: i. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall, Sheriff of Devon, 1173-5. He married in 1140 MABEL FITZ WILLIAM, daughter of William Fitz Richard, of Cornwall. They had one son, Nicholas, and four daughters, Denise (wife of Richard de Redvers, Earl of Devon), Maud, Sarah (wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges), and Emme (wife of Guy V de Laval, seigneur of Laval). By a mistress, Beatrice de Valle (or Vaux) (afterwards wife of William Briwerre, Knt.), he had an illegitimate son, Henry Fitz Count. By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, William. He was granted the lands of William, Earl of Mortain, amounting to 215-1/2 fees in Devon and Cornwall. He was created Earl of Cornwall about April 1141. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, were recognized by contemporaries as "the most powerful men in the kingdom." His wife, Mabel, fell into insanity in the 1140s. He witnessed a charter of Henry d'Oilly in the period, 1114-47. In 1153 he witnessed the agreement between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy [afterwards King Henry II]. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, acted as intermediary between the king and Thomas Becket at Northampton in 1164. He played a major part in opposing the rebels of 1173-4 in England. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall died 1 July 1175, allegedly at Chertsey, Surrey, and was buried at Reading, Berkshire. Dugdale Baronage (1675): 702 (sub Briwere) ("[William Briwere] having married Beatrix de Valle, a Concubine, as 'tis said, to Reginald Earl of Cornwall (which is probable, for in a Grant made by Henry Son to the same Reginald [Earl of Cornwall], unto this William [Briwere], of the Mannor of Karswell, and Land of Hakford, he calls him his Brother")) [Note: Dugdale evidently intended to say that Henry Fitz Count's brother was William Briwere the younger, as it was William Briwere the elder was the husband of his mother, Beatrice de Valle]. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 6, 98 (undated charter of Reynold son of King Henry to William de Botreaux son of Alice Corbet his aunt [matertera]; charter witnessed by his son, Nicholas; his nephews/kinsmen [nepotibus], Ralph and Richard, and his brother, William), 112. Topographer 2 (1790): 288-291. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 2 (1836 11): 239-240 (Bruere or Briwere ped.). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 163 ("Deditque ibidem Hereberto filio Hereberti, et Willelmo fratri comitis Reginaldi, et Joelllano de la Pumerai, nepoti eorum, regnum be Limeric pro servitio sexaginta militum"), 172 ("Nam Herbertus, et Willelmus, fratres Reginaldi comitis Cornubiae, et Joellanus de Purnetia nepos eorum, regnum illud havere noluerunt; sed illud reddiderunt domino regi et Johanni filio suo liberum et quietum ab omni calurnnia eorum"). Le Fizelier Mémoire chronologique de Maucourt de Bourjolly sur la Ville de Laval 1 (1886): 136-142. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-253 (William brother of Earl Reynold [Willelmus frater Comitis Reginaldi] held 1/2 knight's fee of Robert Fitz Roy in 1166), 261-262 (William brother of the Earl [Willelmus frater Comitis] held four knight's fees Reynold, Earl of Cornwall in 1166). Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 455-456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 34. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 75. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Colls. Hist. Staffs. 1924 (1926): 9, 219. English Hist. Rev. 62 (1947): 352-377 (charter of William de Marsh brother of Reynold Earl of Cornwall [Willelmus de Marisco frater Reginaldi comitis Cornubie]). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II], later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Minor & Butler eds. Letters of John of Salisbury 1 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1955): 162-163. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987): 9-10 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1154-65), 10-11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1146-55), 11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 195-196 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1165-75, witnessed by his son, Nicholas), 196-197 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 197-198 (two confirmation charters of King Henry II of England naming his "uncle" [avunculus] Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, one dated c.1174-5, the other dated c.1174-6). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(11.651, X111.996-1000. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Hollister Henry 1(2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart).Cornwall Rec. Office: Borough of Truro, BTRU/1 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1161-66) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, by Mabel Fitz William: a. MAUD OF CORNWALL, married ROBERT II, Count of Meulan [see VERMANDOIS 7]. Illegitimate child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, allegedly by Beatrice de Valle: a. HENRY FITZ COUNT, of Liskeard, Cornwall and King's Kerswell, Devon, Constable of Totnes Castle, 1209, Governor of Portchester Castle, 1211, Sheriff of Cornwall, 1215, 1217-20, Constable of Launceston Castle and Warden of the Stanneries, 1215. In 1194 he was granted the manors of Liskeard, Cornwall and Diptford and King's Kerswell, Devon by the king. In 1196 he witnessed the Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by his alleged step-father, Sir William Briwerre. In 1215 he had a grant of the county of Cornwall from King John, to farm until the realm should be at peace. The grant was renewed by King Henry III 7 Feb. 1216/7. He resigned the county to the king in 1220, when he took the cross. HENRY FITZ COUNT died a crusader in 1222. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Hunter Catalogue of the MSS in the library of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn (1838): 13. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(2) (1846): 924 (Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by William Briwer). Oliver Monasticon Dioecesis Exoniensis (1846): 174 (charter of Henry son of Reynold Earl of Cornwall; charter granted for the souls of his brothers and his mother), 179, 183. Trans. Exeter Diocesan Architectural & Arch. Soc. 2nd Ser. 1 (1867): 133-134. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 31(1870): 5. Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 21. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 9 (1902): 295-296 ("But Reginald de Dunstanville [i.e., Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall] had also by Beatrix de Valle (who afterwards became the wife of William Brewer, the judge of Henry II. and one of the regents of Richard I.) an illegitimate son named Henry FitzCount (sometimes FitzHenry), who became in after years also Earl of Cornwall."). Genealogist n.s. 20 (1904): 10-11. C.P. 3 (1913): 430 (sub Cornwall). Painter Reign of King John (1949): 231, 290, 348, 358-359. Hobbs Cartulary of Forde Abbey (Somerset Rec. Soc. 85) (1998): 116 (charter of Henry Fitz Count dated 1200-22; charter witnessed by William Brewer). North Devon Rec. Office: Chichester of Arlington, 50/11/29/3 (confirmation of a gift of land dated early 13th Cent. from Henry son of Earl Reginald to William de Tracy of all his land of Wollecombe [in Mortehoe] and Boklande, Devon, which William and his ancestors held of Henry and his ancestors, lords of Bradneys, as the charter of Hugh Ruffus testifies. To have and to hold to the aforesaid William, his heirs and assigns, of Henry and his heirs for ever, rendering all due and customary services. Seal of Henry son of Earl Reginald - Round, natural wax, armorial, surrounded by legend giving name of owner, chipped. The arms on shield resemble those of Courtenay family, but the Courtenays did not become Earls till 14th Cent.) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Henry III Fine Rolls Project (Baldekin styled "kinsman" of H[enry] Fitz Count in a fine roll item dated 1220; by whom he was earlier granted lands in Cornwall formerly held by Robert de Tintagel) (available at www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_015.html). Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith, daughter of Forne son of Sigulf, lord of Greystoke, Cumberland. Edith subsequently married ROBERT D'OILLY, of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, Constable of Oxford Castle. They had two sons, Henry and Gilbert. He and his wife, Edith, founded Oseney Priory near Oxford in 1129. Robert d'Oilly died in Sept. 1142. Sometime in the period, c.1145-56, his widow, Edith, granted a toft in Huggate and 68-1/2 acres in the fields there to the poor of the Hospital of St. Peter, York. Leys Sandford Cartulary 1 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 19) (1938): 50 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith), 92 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated before June 1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith, and his son, Henry). Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 505-508, 510 (charter of Edith wife of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1145-56), 510-511 (charter of Henry d'Oilly dated c.1145-56; charter witnessed by his wife, Maud), 518-519. Hedley Northumberland Fares. (1968): 233. i. ROBERT FITZ ROY. He held land in Devonshire in 1130. He witnessed a charter of his step-father, Robert d'Oilly, in the period, ?1130-35. He supported his half-sister, Empress Maud, in the Civil War. In the period, 1144-7, he witnessed a charter of his half-brother, Henry d'Oilly. In 1146-7 he witnessed a charter of Empress Maud and her son, Henry. About 1150 he granted 10 pounds of land in his manor of Wantage, Berkshire to the church of Oseney, with the counsel of Henry d'Oilly his half-brother. Sometime in the period, 1153-67, he witnessed a charter of Wigan of Wallingford. He married before 1162 MAUD D'AVRANCHES, widow of William de Courcy (or ?Geoffrey de Crimes?), and daughter of Robert d'Avranches, by ___, daughter of Gelduin de Dol. They had one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, was heiress of Richard Fitz Baldwin. In 1162 he granted St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter two ferlings of land in his manor of Calvalegie juxta Cobbalegiam, together with a man named Edwium son of Wranhi; charter was granted with with the consent of his wife, Maud d'Avranches. ROBERT FITZ ROY died 31 May 1172. His widow, Maud, died 21 Sept. 1173. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farms of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Coll. Top. et Gen. 1 (1834): 188 ("C. Rob[er]ti filii Henrici Regis per concessionem Mathildis, filiz Roberti de Avrenchis et heredis Ricardi filii Baldewini, dans totam vincam quam Rob'tus fil. Baldewini et Ricardus fester ejus Eccl. S.N. dederunt."), 382 (charter dated 1162 of Robert son of King Henry, granted with consent of Maud d'Avranches his wife [Robertus filius Regis Henrici, assensu Matillidis de Abrinco uxoris meae to St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter). Dugdale Monasticon Anglican = 5 (1846): 377-382 (Ford Abbey, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia: "Obijt denique vir ejus secundus, dominus Robertus filius regis Henrici anno Domini M.clxxii. pridie calendas Junii [31 May], et post ipsum vicecomitissa Matildis, itaque de Aubrincis ut prius nuncupata, undecimo calendas Octobris [21 Sept.] anno Domini M.clxxiii. et regni regis Henrici secundi 19."); 6(1) (1830): 253 (charter of Robert son of King Henry [Robertus Henrici regis filius]; charter names his [half-]brother [fratris], Henry d'Oilly). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Priory of Hexham 1 (Surtees Soc. 64) (1864): 138 (Chronicle of John, Prior of Hexham: "Emissi sunt autem ducenti milites cum Rodberto, filio Edae et Henrici Regis notho, et Johanne Marascaldo ...."). Freeman Reign of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 723. Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): 374 (charter of Robert son of King Henry dated c.1150). Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 3 (1881): 1-3. Maitland Bracton's Note Book 2 (1887): 137-138 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that he was the son of Hawise, the first born daughter of Maud d'Avranches; Hawise's sister, Maud de Courtenay, who was the plaintiff in the lawsuit, in turn testified that the said Hawise was the daughter of Geoffrey de Crimes (or Crunes, Cruues), the 1st husband of Maud d'Avranches), 404-405; 3 (1887): 450-452 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that his mother, Hawise, was the daughter of William de Curcy, husband of Maud d'Avranches). Notes & Gleanings 2 (1889): 50-56. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-254 (list of knights fees held by Robert Fitz Roy in 1166). Note-book of Tristram Risdon (1897): 53-56. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 73, 75, 101-102. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Seversmith Colonial Fams. of Long Island New York & Connecticut 5 (1958): 2426-2428. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.650, XIII.995. Reedy Basset Charters c.1120 to 1250 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 50) (1995): 25-26 (charter dated 1146-7 of Empress Maud daughter of King Henry I and her son, Henry; charter witnessed by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and Robert Fitz Roy). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Fizzard Plympton Priory (2008): 62, footnote 26. Child of Robert Fitz Roy, by Maud d'Avranches: a. MAUD FITZ ROBERT, married REYNOLD DE COURTENAY, of Sutton, Berkshire [see COURTENAY 1]. ii. ALICE FITZ ROY. In the period, ?1130-35, she witnessed a charter of her step-father, Robert d'Oilly, and her mother, Edith. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 72-73 (Alice daughter of the king [Adeliza Lila Reg.] witness to charter of Robert d'Oilly, his wife, and son dated ?1130-35). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Nest, wife of Gerald of Windsor, Constable of Pembroke, and daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwt, Prince of South Wales: i. HENRY FITZ ROY, of Pembrokeshire. He was killed during King Henry II's invasion at Anglesea in 1157 or 1158. He married ___. They had two sons, Meiler Fitz Henry [Justiciar of Ireland] and Robert, and presumably one daughter, Amabilis Fitz Henry (wife of Walter de Ridelisford). Williams ab Ithel Annales Cambriaes (Rolls Ser.) (1860): 47 (sub A.D. 1158: "Henricus filius Geraldi occisus est, velut alii volunt, filius Henrici regis ..."). Dimock Geraldus Cambrensis: Itinerarium Kambrice, et Descriptio Kambriæ (Geraldus Cambrensis Opera 6) (Rolls Ser.) (1868): 130 (Date: A.D. 1157: "Fuerant autem duo nobiles viti, et ejus qui scripsit haec avunculi, cum aliis hue a rege transmissi: Henricus scilicet regis Henrici primi filius, et secundi avunculus, ex nobili Nesta, Resi filii Theodori filia, in australi Kambria Demetiae finibus oriundus; et Robertus Stephani filius, Henrici frater non germanus sed uterinus."), 130, footnote 2 ("The death of Henry, her [Nest's] son by [King] H[enryl I., in this attack on Anglesea, is placed by Brut under 1156, in Ann. Camb. under 1158. By the former he is called Henry son of King Henry; by the latter, Henry son of Girald, or, according to others, son of king Henry. He was the father of the famous Meiler, the great hero of the Irish invasion."). Gilbert Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin 1 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 30-31 (charter of Walter de Ridelisford to St. Mary's Abbey; charter granted with consent of his wife, Amabilis Fitz Henry and witnessed by Meiler Fitz Henry). Orpen Ireland under the Normans 1 (1911): 18 (ped. chart). Jour. Royal Soc. of Antiqs. Ireland 82 (1952): 46-61. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.656. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 298-299 (biog. of Meiler Fitzhenry). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith: i. MAUD (or MATHILDE, MAHAUT) OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 (as his 1st wife) ROTROU II “the Great,” Count of Perche, seigneur of Belleme, son and heir of Geoffroi, Count of Mortagne and Perche, by Beatrix, daughter of Count Hilduin, Count of Montdidier and Roucy. He was born about 1080. Her maritagium likely included the manors of Aldboume and Wanborough, Wiltshire. They had two daughters, Philippe and Felicie. During the 1st Crusade, he fought at the Siege of Nicaea in mid-1097. He commanded a division that broke out of Antioch in June 1098. He crusaded against the Muslims in Spain probably in 1108. In 1114 he aided his father-in-law, King Henry I, at the Siege of Belleme. At the request of his wife, Maud, a hide of land at Wanborough, Wiltshire was given to Lewes Priory. His wife, Maud, was drowned in the shipwreck of the White Ship 25 Dec. 1120. He was Governor of Tudela in Aragon and participated in campaigns in Aragon from 1123 until the mid-1130s. He returned to Perche by 1135. He married (2nd) before 1126 HAWISE OF SALISBURY, daughter of Walter of Salisbury (also known as Walter Fitz Edward), of Chitterne, Wiltshire, Great Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, North Aston, Oxfordshire, etc., hereditary Sheriff of Wiltshire, Constable of Salisbury Castle, by Sibyl, daughter of Patrick de Chaources (or Sourches) [see LONGESPEE 2 for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Geoffroi, Rotrou (III) [Count of Perche], and Etienne [Archbishop-elect of Palermo]. After King Henry I's death in 1135, he and his nephew, Richer de l'Aigle, extorted the castles of Moulins and Bonmoulins as the price for their support for King Stephen. In 1139 he was taken in the English king's pay and defeated the unruly knights of Breteuil. ROTROU II, Count of Perche, died 6 May 1144 at the Siege of the Towe of Rouen, he then being in the service of Empress Maud and her husband, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. His widow, Hawise, married (2nd) (as his 1st wife) ROBERT I, Count of Dreux and Braille [see DREUX 6], and, in right of his 1st wife, Count of Perche, seigneur of Bellème, younger son of Louis VI, King of France, by Alix, daughter of Humbert II, Count of Savoy and Maurienne [see FRANCE 5 for his ancestry]. They had one daughter, Alix (wife successively of Waleran III, seigneur of Breteuil, Guy II, seigneur of Châtillon-sur-Marne, Jean I, seigneur of Torote, Châtellain de Noyon, and Raoul I de Nesle, Count of Soissons). His wife, Hawise, died in 1152. Robert I, Count of Dreux and Braine, died 11 October 1188. Duchesne Histoire Généalogique de la Maison Royale de Dreux (1631): 13-42. Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 74-75 (sub Capetians), 423-425 (sub Comtes de Dreux). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Des Murs Hist. des Comtes du Perche de la Fam. des Rotrou (1856). Herald & Genealogist 3 (1866): 173-176. Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 255 (Genealogiæ Fusniacensis: "Rotaldus comes, prefati comitis filius, duxit filiam regis Anglie, de qua filiam procreavit. "). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 3940 (charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche, dated c.1119; charter witnessed by his sister [soror], Juliane, and her son, Richer), 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe). Money Hist. of the Ancient Town & Borough of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Boulais Receuil des Antiquitéz du Perche (1890). Romanet de Beaune Géographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (1894): 33-35. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 419 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "6 [Obiit] Rotrodos comes."). Lalizel Abbaye Royal d'Arcisses (Archives du Diocèse de Chartres 10) (1900): 3-10 (charters of Rotrou, Count of Perche). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. VCH Wiltshire 9 (1970): 174-186; 12 (1983): 67-86. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Traditio 41(1985): 145-179. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.649. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France (2002). Hollister Henry I (2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Power Norman Frontier in the Twelfth & Early Thirteenth Centuries (2004): 360-361. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Geoffrey Grossus Life of Blessed Bernard of Tiron (2009): 71, footnote 1. Child of Maud (or Mathilde) of England, by Rotrou II of Perche: a. PHILIPPE OF PERCHE, married HELIE OF ANJOU, Count of Maine, younger son of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine. They had one daughter, Beatrix (wife of Jean I, Count of Alençon). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe [assensu generis mei Helie filieque mee Romanet de Beaune Geographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30-31 ("... Helias vero ...comes Cenomannonun factus est, et xx annis adepto consulatu strenue potitis est. Heres quoque soceri sin Gervasii de Castro Lidi factus est, eujus filiam habuit, ex qua filiam nomine Eremburgem genuit, quam domino suo Fulconi, Andegavorum comiti, in matromonium copulavit … Uxor ejus ei filiam, Eremburgem nomine, peperit, quae, nubilibus annis, Fulconi, Andegavorum tunc comiti, nunc Ierosolymorum regi, nupsit et generosam sobolem genuit: Joffredum et Heliam, Mathildem et Sibyllam, quae filiis regum solemniter nupserunt"). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by various mistresses: i. GILBERT FITZ ROY. He was still young and unmarried in 1142. Nothing more is known of him. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 281 286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.660. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. WILLIAM DE TRACY. He died soon after his father. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121 (author states in error that William de Tracy had a daughter and heiress, Grace, wife of John de Sudeley, of Sudeley Castle and Toddington, Gloucestershire). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.659. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). iii. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ENGLAND, married CONAN III, Duke of Brittany [see BRITTANY 3]. iv. JULIANE OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 EUSTACHE DE PACY (or DE BRETEUIL), seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, illegitimate son of Guillaume, seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, by an unknown mistress. They had two sons, Guillaume and Roger, and two daughters. In 1119 he took part in the rebellion against King Henry I, who besieged his wife, Juliane, at Breteuil. She fled to Pacy, and in the autumn of 1119 Eustache and Juliane were pardoned by the king. A few years later she became a nun at Fontevrault. EUSTACHE DE PACY died at the beginning of Lent 1136, Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Depoin Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Saint-Martin de Pontoise (1895): 470-476 (Famille d'Ivry). C.P. 8 (1932): 209-210 (sub Lovel); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X11.648. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 304 (Fitz Osbem ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Norrnandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). v. MABEL OF ENGLAND, married before c.1125 GUILLAUME GOUET (or GORT), seigneur of Montmirail and Alluyes, son and heir of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail, Alluyes, Authon, la Bazoche-Gouet, Brou, and Château-du-Loir, by his wife, Eustachie Crespon. They had one son, Guillaume [seigneur of Montmirail]. He joined his parents and his brothers, Robert and Matthew, in the foundation of the Priory of St. Giles des Chateigniers as a cell of Tiron. In 1114, as William Gouet junior, he was one of the nobles of Thibaut, Count of Chartres, whom the count called to advise him. In 1116, with his father and mother, he gave judgment in a dispute between the abbey of Marmoutier and Gaston de Brou. As "Guillaume Goët le jeune," he witnessed a charter of Guillaume de Mesmerand to the leproserie of Chateaudun c.1120. He succeeded his father before c.1125. He made an agreement c.1125 with the Prior of Saint-Denis de Nogent regarding the churches of Ceton and Saint-Ulphace. He likewise gave c.1125 to the monks of Saint-Denis the church of Unverre that Gaston de Brou gave them and that his mother Eustachie unjustly retained; for which gift he received 10 livres and his wife, Mabel, 100 sous. About 1127 he witnessed a charter of Ives de Courville, by which he quitclaimed his land in Courville to Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. In 1136 he granted various privileges to Tiron Abbey. In 1140 he confirmed the gift of Bois-Ruffin made by Ursion de Meslay. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Guérard Cartulaire de Saint Père de Chartres 2 (1840): 471-476, 483-486, 494-495. Lépinois Histoire de Chartres 1 (1854): /41. Etudes sur le Maine, Noblesse du Maine aux Crusades (1859): 49-50. Charles & Elbenne Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans (1886-1913): Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbve de la Sainte-Trinité di Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cix (arms of Guillaume Goet dated 1139: Mi-parti au 1er d'argent à deux chevrons de sable; au 2e trois chevrons brisés d'or), 24-27, 78-79, 104-106. Merlet Inventaire-sommaire des Archives départementales anterieures (11790: Eure-et-Loir, Archives Ecclésiastiques, Serie H 8 (1897): 161. Souancé & Métais Saint-Denis de Nogent-le-Rotrou 1031-1789: Histoire et Cartulaire (1899): LVII-LIX, 103-104 (charter of Guillaume Gouet junior son of Guillaume Gouet dated c.1125), 104-106 (charter dated c.1125 naming Guillaume [Gouet] junior, son of Eustachie wife of [Guillaume] Gouet, and his wife, Mabel), 164-166. Bulls. de la Societé Dunoise Archeologie, Histoire, Sciences & Arts 10 (1904): 171-188. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.663, XIII.1014. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Child of Mabel of England, by Guillaume Gouet: a. GUILLAUME GOUET, seigneur of Montmirail, married ISABELLE (or ELIZABETH) OF BLOIS, Duchess of Apulia [see DONZY 4]. vi. CONSTANCE OF ENGLAND, married ROSCELIN DE BEAUMONT, Vicomte of Beaumont-en-Maine [see BEAUMONT 3]. vii. ALINE OF ENGLAND, married MATHIEU DE MONTMORENCY, seigneur of Montmorency [see LEICESTER 3 {sic: MONTMORENCY 3}]. v. SIBYL OF ENGLAND, married ALEXANDER I, King of Scots [see SCOTLAND 1.v], younger son of Malcolm III (Ceannmor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for his parentage]. He was born about 1077. They had no issue. By an unknown mistress, he had an illegitimate son, Malcolm. He became King of Scotland in 1107 on the death of his elder brother, Edgar, King of Scots. He and his wife, Sibyl, founded the monastery of Scone in Perthshire in 1113-14. He was also a benefactor to Durham and Dunfermline. He invaded Wales in summer 1114, in cooperation with King Henry I of England. His wife, Sibyl, died suddenly at Loch Tay 12 July 1122. ALEXANDER I, King of Scots, died at Stirling 23 April 1124, and was buried before the great altar at Dunfermline, Fife near his father. Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: “VII. Kal. Mali [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "VI. Id. Jul. [10 July] Ob. Sibilla Regina Scottorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Turnbull Extracta E Variis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 68 (Extracts ex Cronicis Scocie sub A.D. 1122: "Sibilla, illustris regine Scocie, uxor regis Alexandri, filia Henrici Beuclerk regis Anglie, apud Lochtay cellam canonicorum de Scona obiit anno Domini Moc.xxij"). Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis 2 (1849): 78 (sub A.D. 1123: "Alexander rex Scottorum, VII. kal. Maii [25 April], obiit."). Liber Ecclesie de Scone (1863): 1-3 (charter of Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl; charter witnessed by his nephew [nepos], Alexander, and by William, brother of the queen [frater regine]). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 3 (sub Kings of Scotland). Lawrie Early Scottish Charters prior to A.D. 1153 (1905): 28-30 (charter to Scone Priory dated c.1120 issued by Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl, "filia Henrici Regis Angliae"), 262. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 50-57. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.655, XIII.205. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 57. Duncan Kingship of the Scots 842-1292 (2002). Barrow Kingdom of the Scots (2003): 1541-56. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Oram David I: The King Who Made Scotland (2004). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 313 (Scotland ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I, by Isabel of Meulan, daughter of Robert of Meulan (or de Beaumont), Count of Meulan, by Isabel (or Elizabeth), daughter of Hugues le Grand Count of Crepy [see VERMANDOIS 5 for her ancestry]. Isabel de Meulan married (1st) Gilbert Fitz Gilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 6 Jan. 1147/8) [see PEMBROKE 3] and (2nd) Ralph Bluet, of Silchester, Hampshire and Lacock, Wiltshire (living 1167) [see PEMBROKE 3]. She was allegedly living in 1172. i. ISABEL OF ENGLAND. She and her mother, Countess Isabel, witnessed two undated charters of her half-brother, Richard Fitz Gilbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Her subsequent history is unknown. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 10 (1855): 261-263 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to the monks of Usk; charter witnessed by Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter, Ralph Bloet, and Walter Bloet). C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 361 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Gilbert to Goldcliff Priory; charter witnessed by Isabel the earl's mother and Isabel his sister). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-102 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke) ("Actually there is no reasonable doubt that Isabel [de Meulan]s daughter bore her mother's name, lived with her after the elder Isabel's marriage, and continued to do so after her step-father's death. For the first two witnesses to the 2nd Earl of Pembroke's charter for Usk are the Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter; and in the charter for Goldcliff Priory the first two witnesses are Isabel the Earl's mother and Isabel the Earl's sister. There is no evidence that she ever married."); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.657. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Alleged but unlikely daughter of King Henry I: i. EMMA OF ENGLAND, married GUY DE LAVAL, seigneur of Laval. Hollister Henry 1(2001): 228 ("Bertrand de Brousillon, La Maison de Laval, 1: 79: 'on pretend meme que l’abbaye de Clermont aurait conserve longtemps une tombe sur laquelle on lisait EMMA ANGLORUM REGIS FILIA DOMINAQUE LAVALLENSIS.' The author dismisses this tradition on the grounds that Robert of Torigny omits 'Emma' from his list of Henry's daughters, but the list is by no means complete. Emma is absent from the list of Henry I's illegitimate daughters in CP, 11, app. D, pp. 112-121.").”	Fitz Roy, Fulk (I6394)
6042	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY nicknamed “Beauclerc,” King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Cotentin, 4th son, born in 1068 or 1069. He married (1st) 11 Nov. 1100 MAUD OF SCOTLAND, daughter of Malcolm III (CeannMor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for her parentage]. She was born in 1079. They had one son, William, and one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, died at Westminster 1 May 1118. He married (2nd) at Windsor, Berkshire 29 Jan. 1121 ALICE (or AELIZ, ALEIDE, ALEYDA, AELIDIS, ADELIDE, ADELIDIS, ADELAIDIS, ADELIZA, ADELIZE, ATHELICE) OF LOUVAIN, daughter of Gottfried (or Godefroy) I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Louvain, by his 1st wife, Ida, daughter of Otto II, Count of Chiny. She was born about 1103. They had no issue. By various mistresses, he had eight illegitimate sons, Robert [Earl of Gloucester], Richard, Fulk, Reynold [Earl of Cornwall], Robert, Gilbert, William de Tracy, and Henry, and nine illegitimate daughters, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Rotrou II, Count of Perche), Alice, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Conan III, Duke of Brittany), Juliane (wife of Eustache de Pacy, seigneur of Breteuil and Pacy), Mabel (wife of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail), Constance (wife of Roscelin de Beaumont), Aline (wife of Mathieu de Montmorency), Sibyl (wife of Alexander I, King of Scots), and Isabel.* HENRY I, King of England died at Lyons-la-Forêt (near Rouen), Normandy 1 Dec. 1135, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. His widow, Alice, married (2nd) after Dec. 1136 but later than summer 1139 WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, Earl of Lincoln, afterwards 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), hereditary Chief Butler of England, Privy Councillor to King Henry I [see CLIFTON 3]. They had four sons, William [2nd Earl of Arundel or Sussex], Reiner, Henry, and Godfrey, and two daughters, Alice (wife of Jean I, Count of Eu and Alvred de Saint Martin) and Olive. He was a witness to King Stephen's 2nd Charter of Liberties in 1136. He was created Earl of Lincoln c.1138. He gave shelter to Empress Maud at Arundel Castle in 1139, but afterwards adhered to King Stephen. His earldom was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex before Christmas 1141. In his own later charters he is styled Earl of Chichester. About 1145 he witnessed a charter of Henry Hussey as "Consul Willelmo de Cicesterr." His wife, Alice, presented to the prebend of West Dean in 1150. Alice, dowager Queen of England, died as a nun at Affligem Abbey in Brabant 25 (or 26) March 1151, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. He was influential in arranging the treaty of 1153, whereby the Crown continued with King Stephen for life, though the inheritance thereof was secured to Henry II. He subscribed his name to this instrument as "Comes Cicestrie." By grant dated c.1155, King Henry II confirmed to him as "William, Earl of Arundel" the Castle of Arundel, with the whole honour of Arundel and all its appurtenances. He served as Joint Ambassador to France and to the Pope in 1163/4. He served as Chief Ambassador with Princess Maud to Germany in 1168. He was appointed joint Commander of the royal army in Normandy in 1173. In Sept. 1173 he assisted in the defeat near Bury St. Edmunds of the Earl of Leicester. He founded Buckenham Abbey, Norfolk and Pynharn Priory, Sussex. WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), died at Waverley Abbey, Surrey 4 (or 12) October 1176, and was buried at Wymondham Priory, Norfolk. [Footnote *: In 1824 the Scottish historian Chalmers stated that King Henry I of England had an illegitimate daughter, Elizabeth, who married Fergus, lord of Galloway (died 1161). [see Chalmers Caledonia 3 (1824): 250, footnote k ("Fergus [lord of Galloway] ... was a prince of some note, even at the court of Henry I. of England, is certain : as he took to wife, according to the heralds, genealogists, and chroniclers, Elizabeth, the natural daughter of Henry I.")]. Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway), however, debunked Chalmers' statement, noting that the authorities quoted by Chalmers "do not bear out his assertion." Even so, other secondary sources have continued to repeat Chalmers' unfounded claim: See, for example, Mackenzie History of Galloway (1841): 167-172 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England"); Anderson Scottish Nation 2 (1862): 195 ("Fergus, lord of Galloway ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England ..."); M'Kerlie Galloway in Ancient & Modern Times (1891): 155 ("It is necessary to repeat here that Fergus married Elizabeth, the natural daughter of King Henry I. of England."); Maxwell Hist. of Dumfries & Galloway (1896): 47-48 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, natural daughter of Henry I., and sister of Sibilla, who married Alexander I., brother of David."); Ramsay Angevin Empire (1903): 90, footnote 7 ("Gunfrith [i.e., Godred] was son of Olaf, by Afreca, daughter of Fergus of Galloway, by 'Elisabeth,' reputed natural daughter of Henry I."); Oram Lordship of Galloway (2000): 60; Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Barrow Robert Bruce (1965): 36, footnote 2 notes that "Roger Howden calls Uchtred son of Fergus of Galloway a cousin of King Henry II (Gesta Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Ser., i, 80)," a relationship which Professor Barrow states "is best explained on the supposition that Fergus married a bastard daughter of Henry I." However, given that King Henry II of England had a Scottish grandmother, a more likely explanation of the kinship between the Galloway and English royal families is that the wife of Fergus was near related to the Scottish royal family, possibly being a sister of William Fitz Duncan, whose grandfather was Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots [died 1093]. This arrangement would make Uchtred son of Fergus and King Henry II of England related in the 3rd degree of kindred (or second cousins).] D'Achery Spicilegium 10 (1671): 612-613 (Continuatio Chronici Afflegemiensis: "Filia præfati Ducis Aleidis juncta matrimonio Regi Angliæ, post obitum secundi con jugis Afflegemiensis Claustri solitudinem ad reliquum vitæ ad humandum corpus elegit in domo turti Ecclesiæ contigua, cum una aut akera ancilla in Fratrum Afflegemiensiurn quieta taciturna multitudine solitaria habitavit, & beato fine quievit, de qua epitaphium: Aleidis Regina Anglim, filia Ducis Godefridi cum barba, Regnum suscepit in Anglia an MCXXI. obiit 9 Kal. Maii [23 April], sepulta è regione horologii nostri."). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 30 (Kalendar of Obits: "IIII Non. December [2 December]. Obitus Henrici Regis."). Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 32-34. Morice Mémoires pour servir de Preuves à l'Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne 1 (1742): 130 (Extract of Cronicle of Robert, Abbot of Mont Saint Michel: "Anno 1135. Obiit Henricus I. Rex Anglorum in prima die Decembris, cum regnasset annis 35. & 4 mensibus."). Brequigny & Mouchet Table Chronologique des Diplômes, Chartes, Titres ... concernant l’Histoire de France 3 (1783): 236 (charter dated c.1155 of Alice Queen of the English [Adelaidis reginæ Anglorum]). Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: Kal. Maii [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 218 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "IV. Non. Dec. [2 December] Ob Henricus Rex Anglorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Norrnands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXI)). Tierney Hist. & Antiqs. of the Castle & Town of Arundel 1 (1834): 169-179. Michel Histoire des Ducs de Normandie et des Rois D'Angleterre (1840): 69 ("Li rois Henrie, quant la roine Mehaus fu morte, prist à feme Aalis, la fille Godefroi le duc de Louvaing, la cousine Wistasse [Eustace] de Bouloigne; mais n'en ot nul enfant. Si ot-il de bas .vj. Ills et .vij. fines"). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 135-211 (biog. of Matilda of Scotland), 212-256 (biog. of Adelicia of Louvaine). Barrett Memorials of the parochial Church ... in the Parish of Attleborough (1848): 12-41. Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis 2 (1849): 74 (Maud [of Blois], Countess of Chester, styled "niece" to King Henry I of England [neptis regis1). Ordericus Vitalis Ecclesiastical Hist. of England & Normandy 3 (1854): 482 (Roger Fitz Roger and Walter d'Aufay [Aufai] styled "cousins" to King Henry I at Battle of Bremule in 1119 by Ordericus Vitalis). Arch. Journal 20 (1863): 283 ("Adeliza appears to have used the identical matrux of the seal which had belonged to the first queen of Henry I., the name-Aalidis-having been substituted for Matli[Idis), 287-288 (charter of Queen Alice [Aelidis regina] ... There is appended ... a pointed oval seal of white wax .... device, a female figure standing ... The legend is + SIGILLVM • AALIDIS • SECVND[AE • DE]I • GRACIA • REGINAE • ANGLIE.), 288-289 (charter of Queen Alice [A. Dei gracia Regina]); 22 (1865): 152-153 (charter of William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Lincoln; charter names Queen Alice his wife [regina Adelidis]). Sussex Arch. Colls. 15 (1863): 112-113. Luard Annales Monastici 1 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1864): 14 (Margam Annals sub 1151: "Obiit Adelidis, regina secunda Henrici regis."); 3 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1866): 433 (Bermondsey Annals sub A.D. 1121: "Hoc anno rex Henricus primus duxit Adelizam, filiam ducis Lovaniae, in uxorem, tertio nonas Februarii [3 February]."). Burke Gen. Hist, of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited & Extinct Peerages (1866): 2-3 (sub Albini, Earls of Arundel). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. (1867): 21-33 ("In the Register of the Priory of Bromhale, we find the record of his death under the date of the 4th day of October, 22nd of Henry II (A.D. 1176), in the following words, `obiit Willielmus Comes Arundel' (no mention of Sussex or Chichester), et `sepultus est in prioratus de Wymondham.’"). Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptorum 20 (1868): 67 (Orderic Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, Liber X: Roger Fitz Richard [de Clare) styled "kinsman" [cognatus) of King Henry I of England). Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104-108 (discusses evidence that King Henry I had an illegitimate daughter, Maud (or Mathilde)/Almodis, who was Abbess of Montivilliers). Ellis Antiqs. of Heraldry (1869): 206-207 (Aubigny ped.). Lower Compendious Hist. of Sussex 1 (1870): 70 (Robert de Haia, founder of Boxgrove Priory, styled "king's kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry I). Delisle Delisle Chronique de Robert de Tongni 1 (1872): 215 (sub A.D. 1139: "Invitarerat enim eos Willermus de Albinneio, qui duxerat Aeliz quondam reginam, quæ habebat castellum et comitatum Hardundel, quod rex Henricus dederat ei in dote."); 2 (1873): 63-64 ("Cessit etiam in fata Willermus de Albineio, quem vocabant comitem d'Arundel, relinquens filios quatuor, scilicet Guillermum de Albineio pritnogenitum, et alios tres natos ex Aeliza regina, uxore primi Henrici regis Anglorum."). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1874): 298 (sub 1176: "comes etiam Willelmus de Arundel obiit quarto idus Octobris [12 October] apud Waverle, et sepultus eat apud Wimundham, cellam scilicet ecclesiæ Sancti Albani, cujus cellæ patronus fuisse dinoscitur."). Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Obiit autem Matildis regina Anglia anno regni sui xviiio, kalendis Maii [1 May], et apud Radingas sepulta est."). Merlet Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cviii (arms of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy dated 1115: D'argent au cavalier d'azur). D.N.B. 1 (1885): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1(1886): 66 (sub Arundel). Raine Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1886): 169 (History of the Four Archbishops by Hugh the Chantor - King Henry I and Pope Calixtus II were kinsmen: "Nam præter spiritualem patris et filii relationem, carnali consanguinitate propinqui erant, quorum avus et avia frater et soror fuerunt." (Note: Pope Calixtus II was a younger son of William I, Count of Burgundy, whose mother Alice was daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 5-8 (seal of King Henry I - Obverse. King, seated in majesty, in an undercoat with sleeves tight at wrists, and loose skirts reaching below knees; and long flowing cloak fastened at throat and spreading out behind, which has a border, with indications of a fur of symmetrical pattern. On the head a cap-shaped crown, with three fleurs-de-lis, one at top and one at either side, and two chin-straps hanging loosely at sides, the ends having buckles in shape of trefoils. In right hand, extended outwards from elbow, a sword is held almost perpendicularly. In left hand, similarly extended, an orb, ensigned with a long cross pattee pommettee. Throne, apparently square, and closely resembling that of William II.; the centre curves with a bold cusp inwards, with a string-course, and is the narrowest part. In lower of two compartments thus made, is a footboard, not enough remaining to show original size. On throne a flat cushion with square edge, carrying at each end a hemispherical ornament, intended for pillow. Reverse. King, hauberk of chain-mail; conical helmet, having a blunt point at crown of head, and perhaps armed with projecting nose-piece; single pointed spur of goad form; long lance to which is attached a banner, charged with cross moline, and three pairs of waving streamers. No indication of sword. In left hand, held by interior strap, a kite-shaped shield, seen from within. The horse is walking to the right hand, caparisoned with breast-band, which is ornamented by five globular pendants equi-distant. Saddle of small dimensions; with stirrups. The loosely gathered reins are held up in left hand, which also sustains shield. Legend: + HENRIC' D... ... ...). Round "An Unknown Mistress of Henry I." in Eng. Hist. Rev. 5 (1890): 745-746. Luard Flores Historiarum 2 ((Rolls Ser.) 1890): 69 ("Anno gratix MCLIo [1151]. Obiit Adelicia regina, uxor regis Stephani;" the editor notes that the name "Stephani" is erased in Ch. and altered to "Henrici I."). Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (Docs. sur la Province du Perche 3rd Ser. 2) (1894): 40-43. Recueil des Historiens des Castles et de la France 23 (1894): 471 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: "25 Mart. Obiit Adelicia regina."), 476 (Ex Necrologio Monasterii Crucis Sancti Leufredi: "25 Mart. [Obiit] Adeliza, regina Anglorum."), 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Mali. [Obiit] Matildis, regina Anglorum."), 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "12 Oct. [Obiit] Guillelmus, comes de Arundel."), 581 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Dec. [Obiit] Henricus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum."). Napier & Stevenson Crawford Coll. of early Charters & Docs. now in the Bodleian library (1895): 31 (William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Chichester dated c.1150; charter names his wife, Queen Alice [regina Adelide]). Bradshaw Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral Pt. 2 (1897): (obits. in the odd volume of the great Latin Bible), ccxxxviii (2 May - "Matildis regina uxor Henrici regis."), ccxlii (2 Dec. - "Henricus, pacificus rex Anglorum."). Trans. East Herts Arch. Soc. 1(1) (1901): 129-135 (charter of Queen Alice widow of King Henry I dated 1136 [Adelidis regina uxor nobillisimi regis Henrici & filia Godefridi ducis lotharingie]. C.C.R. 1227-1231 (1902): 530 (confirmation of gift of Alice, formerly Queen of England). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 316 (Abbaye de Saint-Denis: "kal. Maius [1 May] Ob. Matildis, Anglorum regina [1118]."), 523 (Prieure de Longpont: "kaL maii. [1 May] [obit.] Maltidis, Anglorum regina [1118]."). Warner & Ellis Facsimiles of Royal & Other Charters in the British Museum 1 (1903): #14 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Lincoln dated c.1139-40; charter names his wife, Queen Adeleidis), #27 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Chichester dated 1151-2; charter names his wife, Queen Athelice). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 1-2 (sub Kings of Scotland). Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 25-34. Eng. Hist. Rev. 21(1906): 505-509. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 2 (1906): 241 (Obituaire of Prieure de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan: "Henricus, rex Anglorum, frater noster, III nonas decembris [3 Dec.] [1135]."), 661 (Nécrologe of Abbaye de Saint-Jean-en-Vallée: 12 Dec.] IIII non. Obiit Henricus, Anglorum rex [1135], ecclesiarum amator praecipuus."). Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway) ("[Fergus, lord of Galloway] is said to have married Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of King Henry I. of England, but the authorities quoted by Chalmers, who makes the statement, do not bear out his assertion."). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Urseau Cartulaire Moir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (1908): 167-168 (charter of King Henry I dated c.1111=20). Gomme Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1909): 217 (sub A.D. 1100: Maud of Scotland, 1st wife of King Henry I, styled "kinswoman to king Edward [the Confessor] and of the true royal race of England."), 239-240 (sub A.D. 1127: Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone], Abbot of Saint-Jean of Angély (in Poitou), afterwards Abbot of Peterborough styled "kinsman" [mæi] of [Henry I] King of England and [Guillaume] Count of Poitou) [see also Earle and Plummer Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel 1 (1892): 257; English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-5601. CP. 1 (1910): 233-235, 237 (chart) (sub Arundel); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Round King's Serjeants & Officers of State (1911): 140-165. English Hist. Rev. 34 (1919): 303-382. Farrer Outline Itinerary of King Henry 1 (1920). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) XI 112. Rübel-Blass (1939) 257 (biographical information). G.H. White "Henry I's Illegitimate Children," in C.P. 11 (1949), Appendix D, 105-121. Leys Sandford Cartulary 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 22) (1941): 216. Johnson et al. Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066-1154 2 (1956): 148 (John [son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent], a royal chaplain, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of King Henry I of England in charter dated 1117-19). C.R.R. 12 (1957): 157-158 (Sibyl de Falaise, wife of Baldwin de Bolers, styled "kinswoman" [nepte] of King Henry I of England). Stenton First Century of English Feudalism, 1066-1166 (1961). Davis King Stephen (1967): 137 ("[King] Stephen recognized three successive earls of Lincoln ... The first was William d'Aubigny pincerna who married Queen Adeliza, widow of King Henry I, and in her right became lord of the honour and castle of Arundel. He styles himself William Earl of Lincoln in three charters in which his identity is proved by references to his wife. They are in favour of Lewes Priory and the abbeys of Reading and Affligem-and in the case of Affligem there is also a charter of Adeliza referring to her husband as earl of Lincoln (Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville 3245; Warner and Ellis, Facsimiles, no. 14; E. de Marneffe, Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Affligem in Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclesiastique de la Belgique, 2o section, pp. 104,106). In royal charters it is usually impossible to distinguish him from his successor, William de Roumare, since the normal style of both was Willelmus comes de Lincolnia, or (before he was an earl) from his father, William d'Aubignypincerna, who died before June 1139 (Reg. iii. 973). If Robert de Torigny is right (Chronicles iv. 137) William had married Adeliza by September 1139, and it is tempting to assume that it was on his marriage that he was made earl of Lincoln, his connection with that county being that his mother, Maud Bigod, was a grand-daughter, and possible co-heiress, of Robert de Tosny of Belvoir. We do not know precisely when he was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex, but it was certainly by Christmas 1141 when he attested a charter as Comite Willelmo de Sudsexa (Reg. iii. 276)."). Chibnall Ecclesiastical Hist. of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80): 317 (Vol. VI, Book XII - Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone] styled "kinsman" [cognato] of King Henry I of England) [see English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-560]. Albion 10 (1978): 330-340. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 95 (sub Hainault, Brabant); 2 (1984): 81 (sub England); 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Chibnall Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166 (1986). Green Government of England under Henry 1(1986). Hollister Monarchy, Magnates, & Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World (1986). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 1 (Camden Soc. 4th Ser. 31) (1986): 301, 369, 476. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.1.423, XII.371, X11.644-X11.645, XIII.207. Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 136 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "7 Kal. [Apr.] [26 March]. Obiit Atheliza regina."), 130 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit Rex Anglorum Henricus primus."), 146 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit rex Anglorum Henricus i."). Haskins Soc. Jour. 7 (1995): 101-116. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35, 57. Scottish Hirt. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I Pt 2 (List and Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 143 (confirmation c. 1172/81 of grant made by Queen Adela) (original published in Jour. of British Architetural Assoc. 17: 312). Scottish Hist. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Harper-Bill Anglo-Norman Studies XXI (1999): 145-168. Bartlett England under the Norman & Angevin Kings 1075-1225 (2000). Hollister Henry 1(2001). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.), 313 (Scotland ped.). Weller Die Heiratspolitik des deutschen Hochadels im 12. Jahrhundert (2004): 464-4.76 (biog. of Königin Adelheid von England) ("On page 476, Weller states: "Seine Gattin Adelheid von Lowen, die ehemalige Konigin von England, war schon 1151 wahrend des Bürgerkrieges verschieden und wurde in Reading beigesetzt ... Der Begräbnisort Kgn. Adelheids geht aus einem Schreiben Jocelins v. Löwen an Bf. Hilarius v. Chichester eindeutig hervor, vgl. Reading Abbey Cartularies 1, No. 551, 416E; s.a. Bartlett, England 596. Nicht stichhaltig ist demgegeniiber die van Sanderus, Chorographia 1, 45, verbreitete Nachricht, wonach Adelheid vor ihrem Tod in ihre Heimat übergesiedelt und im Kloster Afflighem gestoren and begraben sei; heirnach auch John Horace Round in dem Art.: Adeliza of Louvain, in DNB 1(1885): 137f.; Complete Peerage 1, 235. Allerdings ist Kgn. Adelheid als Wohltäterin von Afflighem aufgetreten unde hat dem Kloster einigen Besitz in England gestiftet; vgl. Cart. Afflighem, No. 79, 121-124 (hier 122)."). Verbeke Medieval Narrative Sources (2005): 21-36. Fleming Henry I & the Anglo-Norman World: Studies in Memory of C. Warren Hollister (2006). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006). Children of King Henry I of England, by Maud of Scotland: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, son and heir apparent, born in 1103. As his father's destined successor, he received the homage of the Normans barons in 1115, and that of the English witan in 1116. He married at Lisieux in May 1119 MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ANJOU, daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou. He was with his father at the Battle of Bremule in 1119. Early in 1120 King Louis of France invested him with the duchy of Normandy. He was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 160 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1120: "Willelmus filius Henrici Regis, & Ricardus frater ejus & Ricardus Comes de Cestria cum multis Nobilibus naufragio perierunt.”). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. D.N.B. 21(1909): 337 (biog. of William, son of Henry I, King of England). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 81 (sub England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.644. Caenegem English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I 1 (Selden Soc. 106) (1990): 180-181, 192-193, 213-214. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.). ii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, married (1st) HEINRICH V, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor; (2nd) GEOFFREY V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy [see next]. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by an unknown mistress, (possibly a member of the Bohun family): i. ROBERT FITZ ROY, Earl of Gloucester, married MABEL FITZ ROBERT [see GLOUCESTER 3]. Illegitimate sons of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Ansfride, widow of Anskill, a knight who was a tenant of Abingdon Abbey: i. RICHARD FITZ ROY, born before 1101. He served against the French in 1119, and was captured at Les Andelys. He was set free with his comrades by King Louis, because they had taken sanctuary in the church of Notre Dame du Grand Andely. Later the same year he was with his father at the Siege of Evreux and the Battle of Brémule. In Sept. 1119 he was sent to raise the Siege at Bréteuil. He was betrothed to Amice de Gael, daughter of Raoul, seigneur of Gael in Brittany and Bréteuil in Normandy. He was drowned immediately afterwards in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Amice subsequently married Robert of Meulan, 1st Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 6]. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Alium quoque habuit filium Ricardum, et cessavit parere... Navis enim infausta qun regis gestabat filios Willelrnum et Ricardum, submersa est, periitque in scopulis Barbefluvii."). C.P. 7 (1929): 527-530 (sub Leicester); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.646. Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni 2 (1992): 248-249 (Robert de Torigny: "Ricardus autem, huius comitis uno de patre frater, cum fratre suo Willelmo in sepedicto naufiagio periit."). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. FULK FITZ ROY. Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(II.647. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Sibyl Corbet: i. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall, Sheriff of Devon, 1173-5. He married in 1140 MABEL FITZ WILLIAM, daughter of William Fitz Richard, of Cornwall. They had one son, Nicholas, and four daughters, Denise (wife of Richard de Redvers, Earl of Devon), Maud, Sarah (wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges), and Emme (wife of Guy V de Laval, seigneur of Laval). By a mistress, Beatrice de Valle (or Vaux) (afterwards wife of William Briwerre, Knt.), he had an illegitimate son, Henry Fitz Count. By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, William. He was granted the lands of William, Earl of Mortain, amounting to 215-1/2 fees in Devon and Cornwall. He was created Earl of Cornwall about April 1141. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, were recognized by contemporaries as "the most powerful men in the kingdom." His wife, Mabel, fell into insanity in the 1140s. He witnessed a charter of Henry d'Oilly in the period, 1114-47. In 1153 he witnessed the agreement between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy [afterwards King Henry II]. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, acted as intermediary between the king and Thomas Becket at Northampton in 1164. He played a major part in opposing the rebels of 1173-4 in England. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall died 1 July 1175, allegedly at Chertsey, Surrey, and was buried at Reading, Berkshire. Dugdale Baronage (1675): 702 (sub Briwere) ("[William Briwere] having married Beatrix de Valle, a Concubine, as 'tis said, to Reginald Earl of Cornwall (which is probable, for in a Grant made by Henry Son to the same Reginald [Earl of Cornwall], unto this William [Briwere], of the Mannor of Karswell, and Land of Hakford, he calls him his Brother")) [Note: Dugdale evidently intended to say that Henry Fitz Count's brother was William Briwere the younger, as it was William Briwere the elder was the husband of his mother, Beatrice de Valle]. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 6, 98 (undated charter of Reynold son of King Henry to William de Botreaux son of Alice Corbet his aunt [matertera]; charter witnessed by his son, Nicholas; his nephews/kinsmen [nepotibus], Ralph and Richard, and his brother, William), 112. Topographer 2 (1790): 288-291. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 2 (1836 11): 239-240 (Bruere or Briwere ped.). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 163 ("Deditque ibidem Hereberto filio Hereberti, et Willelmo fratri comitis Reginaldi, et Joelllano de la Pumerai, nepoti eorum, regnum be Limeric pro servitio sexaginta militum"), 172 ("Nam Herbertus, et Willelmus, fratres Reginaldi comitis Cornubiae, et Joellanus de Purnetia nepos eorum, regnum illud havere noluerunt; sed illud reddiderunt domino regi et Johanni filio suo liberum et quietum ab omni calurnnia eorum"). Le Fizelier Mémoire chronologique de Maucourt de Bourjolly sur la Ville de Laval 1 (1886): 136-142. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-253 (William brother of Earl Reynold [Willelmus frater Comitis Reginaldi] held 1/2 knight's fee of Robert Fitz Roy in 1166), 261-262 (William brother of the Earl [Willelmus frater Comitis] held four knight's fees Reynold, Earl of Cornwall in 1166). Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 455-456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 34. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 75. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Colls. Hist. Staffs. 1924 (1926): 9, 219. English Hist. Rev. 62 (1947): 352-377 (charter of William de Marsh brother of Reynold Earl of Cornwall [Willelmus de Marisco frater Reginaldi comitis Cornubie]). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II], later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Minor & Butler eds. Letters of John of Salisbury 1 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1955): 162-163. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987): 9-10 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1154-65), 10-11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1146-55), 11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 195-196 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1165-75, witnessed by his son, Nicholas), 196-197 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 197-198 (two confirmation charters of King Henry II of England naming his "uncle" [avunculus] Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, one dated c.1174-5, the other dated c.1174-6). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(11.651, X111.996-1000. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Hollister Henry 1(2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart).Cornwall Rec. Office: Borough of Truro, BTRU/1 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1161-66) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, by Mabel Fitz William: a. MAUD OF CORNWALL, married ROBERT II, Count of Meulan [see VERMANDOIS 7]. Illegitimate child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, allegedly by Beatrice de Valle: a. HENRY FITZ COUNT, of Liskeard, Cornwall and King's Kerswell, Devon, Constable of Totnes Castle, 1209, Governor of Portchester Castle, 1211, Sheriff of Cornwall, 1215, 1217-20, Constable of Launceston Castle and Warden of the Stanneries, 1215. In 1194 he was granted the manors of Liskeard, Cornwall and Diptford and King's Kerswell, Devon by the king. In 1196 he witnessed the Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by his alleged step-father, Sir William Briwerre. In 1215 he had a grant of the county of Cornwall from King John, to farm until the realm should be at peace. The grant was renewed by King Henry III 7 Feb. 1216/7. He resigned the county to the king in 1220, when he took the cross. HENRY FITZ COUNT died a crusader in 1222. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Hunter Catalogue of the MSS in the library of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn (1838): 13. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(2) (1846): 924 (Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by William Briwer). Oliver Monasticon Dioecesis Exoniensis (1846): 174 (charter of Henry son of Reynold Earl of Cornwall; charter granted for the souls of his brothers and his mother), 179, 183. Trans. Exeter Diocesan Architectural & Arch. Soc. 2nd Ser. 1 (1867): 133-134. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 31(1870): 5. Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 21. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 9 (1902): 295-296 ("But Reginald de Dunstanville [i.e., Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall] had also by Beatrix de Valle (who afterwards became the wife of William Brewer, the judge of Henry II. and one of the regents of Richard I.) an illegitimate son named Henry FitzCount (sometimes FitzHenry), who became in after years also Earl of Cornwall."). Genealogist n.s. 20 (1904): 10-11. C.P. 3 (1913): 430 (sub Cornwall). Painter Reign of King John (1949): 231, 290, 348, 358-359. Hobbs Cartulary of Forde Abbey (Somerset Rec. Soc. 85) (1998): 116 (charter of Henry Fitz Count dated 1200-22; charter witnessed by William Brewer). North Devon Rec. Office: Chichester of Arlington, 50/11/29/3 (confirmation of a gift of land dated early 13th Cent. from Henry son of Earl Reginald to William de Tracy of all his land of Wollecombe [in Mortehoe] and Boklande, Devon, which William and his ancestors held of Henry and his ancestors, lords of Bradneys, as the charter of Hugh Ruffus testifies. To have and to hold to the aforesaid William, his heirs and assigns, of Henry and his heirs for ever, rendering all due and customary services. Seal of Henry son of Earl Reginald - Round, natural wax, armorial, surrounded by legend giving name of owner, chipped. The arms on shield resemble those of Courtenay family, but the Courtenays did not become Earls till 14th Cent.) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Henry III Fine Rolls Project (Baldekin styled "kinsman" of H[enry] Fitz Count in a fine roll item dated 1220; by whom he was earlier granted lands in Cornwall formerly held by Robert de Tintagel) (available at www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_015.html). Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith, daughter of Forne son of Sigulf, lord of Greystoke, Cumberland. Edith subsequently married ROBERT D'OILLY, of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, Constable of Oxford Castle. They had two sons, Henry and Gilbert. He and his wife, Edith, founded Oseney Priory near Oxford in 1129. Robert d'Oilly died in Sept. 1142. Sometime in the period, c.1145-56, his widow, Edith, granted a toft in Huggate and 68-1/2 acres in the fields there to the poor of the Hospital of St. Peter, York. Leys Sandford Cartulary 1 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 19) (1938): 50 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith), 92 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated before June 1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith, and his son, Henry). Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 505-508, 510 (charter of Edith wife of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1145-56), 510-511 (charter of Henry d'Oilly dated c.1145-56; charter witnessed by his wife, Maud), 518-519. Hedley Northumberland Fares. (1968): 233. i. ROBERT FITZ ROY. He held land in Devonshire in 1130. He witnessed a charter of his step-father, Robert d'Oilly, in the period, ?1130-35. He supported his half-sister, Empress Maud, in the Civil War. In the period, 1144-7, he witnessed a charter of his half-brother, Henry d'Oilly. In 1146-7 he witnessed a charter of Empress Maud and her son, Henry. About 1150 he granted 10 pounds of land in his manor of Wantage, Berkshire to the church of Oseney, with the counsel of Henry d'Oilly his half-brother. Sometime in the period, 1153-67, he witnessed a charter of Wigan of Wallingford. He married before 1162 MAUD D'AVRANCHES, widow of William de Courcy (or ?Geoffrey de Crimes?), and daughter of Robert d'Avranches, by ___, daughter of Gelduin de Dol. They had one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, was heiress of Richard Fitz Baldwin. In 1162 he granted St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter two ferlings of land in his manor of Calvalegie juxta Cobbalegiam, together with a man named Edwium son of Wranhi; charter was granted with with the consent of his wife, Maud d'Avranches. ROBERT FITZ ROY died 31 May 1172. His widow, Maud, died 21 Sept. 1173. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farms of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Coll. Top. et Gen. 1 (1834): 188 ("C. Rob[er]ti filii Henrici Regis per concessionem Mathildis, filiz Roberti de Avrenchis et heredis Ricardi filii Baldewini, dans totam vincam quam Rob'tus fil. Baldewini et Ricardus fester ejus Eccl. S.N. dederunt."), 382 (charter dated 1162 of Robert son of King Henry, granted with consent of Maud d'Avranches his wife [Robertus filius Regis Henrici, assensu Matillidis de Abrinco uxoris meae to St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter). Dugdale Monasticon Anglican = 5 (1846): 377-382 (Ford Abbey, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia: "Obijt denique vir ejus secundus, dominus Robertus filius regis Henrici anno Domini M.clxxii. pridie calendas Junii [31 May], et post ipsum vicecomitissa Matildis, itaque de Aubrincis ut prius nuncupata, undecimo calendas Octobris [21 Sept.] anno Domini M.clxxiii. et regni regis Henrici secundi 19."); 6(1) (1830): 253 (charter of Robert son of King Henry [Robertus Henrici regis filius]; charter names his [half-]brother [fratris], Henry d'Oilly). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Priory of Hexham 1 (Surtees Soc. 64) (1864): 138 (Chronicle of John, Prior of Hexham: "Emissi sunt autem ducenti milites cum Rodberto, filio Edae et Henrici Regis notho, et Johanne Marascaldo ...."). Freeman Reign of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 723. Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): 374 (charter of Robert son of King Henry dated c.1150). Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 3 (1881): 1-3. Maitland Bracton's Note Book 2 (1887): 137-138 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that he was the son of Hawise, the first born daughter of Maud d'Avranches; Hawise's sister, Maud de Courtenay, who was the plaintiff in the lawsuit, in turn testified that the said Hawise was the daughter of Geoffrey de Crimes (or Crunes, Cruues), the 1st husband of Maud d'Avranches), 404-405; 3 (1887): 450-452 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that his mother, Hawise, was the daughter of William de Curcy, husband of Maud d'Avranches). Notes & Gleanings 2 (1889): 50-56. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-254 (list of knights fees held by Robert Fitz Roy in 1166). Note-book of Tristram Risdon (1897): 53-56. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 73, 75, 101-102. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Seversmith Colonial Fams. of Long Island New York & Connecticut 5 (1958): 2426-2428. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.650, XIII.995. Reedy Basset Charters c.1120 to 1250 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 50) (1995): 25-26 (charter dated 1146-7 of Empress Maud daughter of King Henry I and her son, Henry; charter witnessed by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and Robert Fitz Roy). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Fizzard Plympton Priory (2008): 62, footnote 26. Child of Robert Fitz Roy, by Maud d'Avranches: a. MAUD FITZ ROBERT, married REYNOLD DE COURTENAY, of Sutton, Berkshire [see COURTENAY 1]. ii. ALICE FITZ ROY. In the period, ?1130-35, she witnessed a charter of her step-father, Robert d'Oilly, and her mother, Edith. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 72-73 (Alice daughter of the king [Adeliza Lila Reg.] witness to charter of Robert d'Oilly, his wife, and son dated ?1130-35). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Nest, wife of Gerald of Windsor, Constable of Pembroke, and daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwt, Prince of South Wales: i. HENRY FITZ ROY, of Pembrokeshire. He was killed during King Henry II's invasion at Anglesea in 1157 or 1158. He married ___. They had two sons, Meiler Fitz Henry [Justiciar of Ireland] and Robert, and presumably one daughter, Amabilis Fitz Henry (wife of Walter de Ridelisford). Williams ab Ithel Annales Cambriaes (Rolls Ser.) (1860): 47 (sub A.D. 1158: "Henricus filius Geraldi occisus est, velut alii volunt, filius Henrici regis ..."). Dimock Geraldus Cambrensis: Itinerarium Kambrice, et Descriptio Kambriæ (Geraldus Cambrensis Opera 6) (Rolls Ser.) (1868): 130 (Date: A.D. 1157: "Fuerant autem duo nobiles viti, et ejus qui scripsit haec avunculi, cum aliis hue a rege transmissi: Henricus scilicet regis Henrici primi filius, et secundi avunculus, ex nobili Nesta, Resi filii Theodori filia, in australi Kambria Demetiae finibus oriundus; et Robertus Stephani filius, Henrici frater non germanus sed uterinus."), 130, footnote 2 ("The death of Henry, her [Nest's] son by [King] H[enryl I., in this attack on Anglesea, is placed by Brut under 1156, in Ann. Camb. under 1158. By the former he is called Henry son of King Henry; by the latter, Henry son of Girald, or, according to others, son of king Henry. He was the father of the famous Meiler, the great hero of the Irish invasion."). Gilbert Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin 1 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 30-31 (charter of Walter de Ridelisford to St. Mary's Abbey; charter granted with consent of his wife, Amabilis Fitz Henry and witnessed by Meiler Fitz Henry). Orpen Ireland under the Normans 1 (1911): 18 (ped. chart). Jour. Royal Soc. of Antiqs. Ireland 82 (1952): 46-61. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.656. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 298-299 (biog. of Meiler Fitzhenry). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith: i. MAUD (or MATHILDE, MAHAUT) OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 (as his 1st wife) ROTROU II “the Great,” Count of Perche, seigneur of Belleme, son and heir of Geoffroi, Count of Mortagne and Perche, by Beatrix, daughter of Count Hilduin, Count of Montdidier and Roucy. He was born about 1080. Her maritagium likely included the manors of Aldboume and Wanborough, Wiltshire. They had two daughters, Philippe and Felicie. During the 1st Crusade, he fought at the Siege of Nicaea in mid-1097. He commanded a division that broke out of Antioch in June 1098. He crusaded against the Muslims in Spain probably in 1108. In 1114 he aided his father-in-law, King Henry I, at the Siege of Belleme. At the request of his wife, Maud, a hide of land at Wanborough, Wiltshire was given to Lewes Priory. His wife, Maud, was drowned in the shipwreck of the White Ship 25 Dec. 1120. He was Governor of Tudela in Aragon and participated in campaigns in Aragon from 1123 until the mid-1130s. He returned to Perche by 1135. He married (2nd) before 1126 HAWISE OF SALISBURY, daughter of Walter of Salisbury (also known as Walter Fitz Edward), of Chitterne, Wiltshire, Great Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, North Aston, Oxfordshire, etc., hereditary Sheriff of Wiltshire, Constable of Salisbury Castle, by Sibyl, daughter of Patrick de Chaources (or Sourches) [see LONGESPEE 2 for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Geoffroi, Rotrou (III) [Count of Perche], and Etienne [Archbishop-elect of Palermo]. After King Henry I's death in 1135, he and his nephew, Richer de l'Aigle, extorted the castles of Moulins and Bonmoulins as the price for their support for King Stephen. In 1139 he was taken in the English king's pay and defeated the unruly knights of Breteuil. ROTROU II, Count of Perche, died 6 May 1144 at the Siege of the Towe of Rouen, he then being in the service of Empress Maud and her husband, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. His widow, Hawise, married (2nd) (as his 1st wife) ROBERT I, Count of Dreux and Braille [see DREUX 6], and, in right of his 1st wife, Count of Perche, seigneur of Bellème, younger son of Louis VI, King of France, by Alix, daughter of Humbert II, Count of Savoy and Maurienne [see FRANCE 5 for his ancestry]. They had one daughter, Alix (wife successively of Waleran III, seigneur of Breteuil, Guy II, seigneur of Châtillon-sur-Marne, Jean I, seigneur of Torote, Châtellain de Noyon, and Raoul I de Nesle, Count of Soissons). His wife, Hawise, died in 1152. Robert I, Count of Dreux and Braine, died 11 October 1188. Duchesne Histoire Généalogique de la Maison Royale de Dreux (1631): 13-42. Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 74-75 (sub Capetians), 423-425 (sub Comtes de Dreux). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Des Murs Hist. des Comtes du Perche de la Fam. des Rotrou (1856). Herald & Genealogist 3 (1866): 173-176. Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 255 (Genealogiæ Fusniacensis: "Rotaldus comes, prefati comitis filius, duxit filiam regis Anglie, de qua filiam procreavit. "). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 3940 (charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche, dated c.1119; charter witnessed by his sister [soror], Juliane, and her son, Richer), 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe). Money Hist. of the Ancient Town & Borough of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Boulais Receuil des Antiquitéz du Perche (1890). Romanet de Beaune Géographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (1894): 33-35. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 419 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "6 [Obiit] Rotrodos comes."). Lalizel Abbaye Royal d'Arcisses (Archives du Diocèse de Chartres 10) (1900): 3-10 (charters of Rotrou, Count of Perche). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. VCH Wiltshire 9 (1970): 174-186; 12 (1983): 67-86. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Traditio 41(1985): 145-179. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.649. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France (2002). Hollister Henry I (2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Power Norman Frontier in the Twelfth & Early Thirteenth Centuries (2004): 360-361. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Geoffrey Grossus Life of Blessed Bernard of Tiron (2009): 71, footnote 1. Child of Maud (or Mathilde) of England, by Rotrou II of Perche: a. PHILIPPE OF PERCHE, married HELIE OF ANJOU, Count of Maine, younger son of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine. They had one daughter, Beatrix (wife of Jean I, Count of Alençon). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe [assensu generis mei Helie filieque mee Romanet de Beaune Geographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30-31 ("... Helias vero ...comes Cenomannonun factus est, et xx annis adepto consulatu strenue potitis est. Heres quoque soceri sin Gervasii de Castro Lidi factus est, eujus filiam habuit, ex qua filiam nomine Eremburgem genuit, quam domino suo Fulconi, Andegavorum comiti, in matromonium copulavit … Uxor ejus ei filiam, Eremburgem nomine, peperit, quae, nubilibus annis, Fulconi, Andegavorum tunc comiti, nunc Ierosolymorum regi, nupsit et generosam sobolem genuit: Joffredum et Heliam, Mathildem et Sibyllam, quae filiis regum solemniter nupserunt"). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by various mistresses: i. GILBERT FITZ ROY. He was still young and unmarried in 1142. Nothing more is known of him. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 281 286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.660. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. WILLIAM DE TRACY. He died soon after his father. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121 (author states in error that William de Tracy had a daughter and heiress, Grace, wife of John de Sudeley, of Sudeley Castle and Toddington, Gloucestershire). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.659. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). iii. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ENGLAND, married CONAN III, Duke of Brittany [see BRITTANY 3]. iv. JULIANE OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 EUSTACHE DE PACY (or DE BRETEUIL), seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, illegitimate son of Guillaume, seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, by an unknown mistress. They had two sons, Guillaume and Roger, and two daughters. In 1119 he took part in the rebellion against King Henry I, who besieged his wife, Juliane, at Breteuil. She fled to Pacy, and in the autumn of 1119 Eustache and Juliane were pardoned by the king. A few years later she became a nun at Fontevrault. EUSTACHE DE PACY died at the beginning of Lent 1136, Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Depoin Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Saint-Martin de Pontoise (1895): 470-476 (Famille d'Ivry). C.P. 8 (1932): 209-210 (sub Lovel); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X11.648. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 304 (Fitz Osbem ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Norrnandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). v. MABEL OF ENGLAND, married before c.1125 GUILLAUME GOUET (or GORT), seigneur of Montmirail and Alluyes, son and heir of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail, Alluyes, Authon, la Bazoche-Gouet, Brou, and Château-du-Loir, by his wife, Eustachie Crespon. They had one son, Guillaume [seigneur of Montmirail]. He joined his parents and his brothers, Robert and Matthew, in the foundation of the Priory of St. Giles des Chateigniers as a cell of Tiron. In 1114, as William Gouet junior, he was one of the nobles of Thibaut, Count of Chartres, whom the count called to advise him. In 1116, with his father and mother, he gave judgment in a dispute between the abbey of Marmoutier and Gaston de Brou. As "Guillaume Goët le jeune," he witnessed a charter of Guillaume de Mesmerand to the leproserie of Chateaudun c.1120. He succeeded his father before c.1125. He made an agreement c.1125 with the Prior of Saint-Denis de Nogent regarding the churches of Ceton and Saint-Ulphace. He likewise gave c.1125 to the monks of Saint-Denis the church of Unverre that Gaston de Brou gave them and that his mother Eustachie unjustly retained; for which gift he received 10 livres and his wife, Mabel, 100 sous. About 1127 he witnessed a charter of Ives de Courville, by which he quitclaimed his land in Courville to Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. In 1136 he granted various privileges to Tiron Abbey. In 1140 he confirmed the gift of Bois-Ruffin made by Ursion de Meslay. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Guérard Cartulaire de Saint Père de Chartres 2 (1840): 471-476, 483-486, 494-495. Lépinois Histoire de Chartres 1 (1854): /41. Etudes sur le Maine, Noblesse du Maine aux Crusades (1859): 49-50. Charles & Elbenne Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans (1886-1913): Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbve de la Sainte-Trinité di Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cix (arms of Guillaume Goet dated 1139: Mi-parti au 1er d'argent à deux chevrons de sable; au 2e trois chevrons brisés d'or), 24-27, 78-79, 104-106. Merlet Inventaire-sommaire des Archives départementales anterieures (11790: Eure-et-Loir, Archives Ecclésiastiques, Serie H 8 (1897): 161. Souancé & Métais Saint-Denis de Nogent-le-Rotrou 1031-1789: Histoire et Cartulaire (1899): LVII-LIX, 103-104 (charter of Guillaume Gouet junior son of Guillaume Gouet dated c.1125), 104-106 (charter dated c.1125 naming Guillaume [Gouet] junior, son of Eustachie wife of [Guillaume] Gouet, and his wife, Mabel), 164-166. Bulls. de la Societé Dunoise Archeologie, Histoire, Sciences & Arts 10 (1904): 171-188. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.663, XIII.1014. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Child of Mabel of England, by Guillaume Gouet: a. GUILLAUME GOUET, seigneur of Montmirail, married ISABELLE (or ELIZABETH) OF BLOIS, Duchess of Apulia [see DONZY 4]. vi. CONSTANCE OF ENGLAND, married ROSCELIN DE BEAUMONT, Vicomte of Beaumont-en-Maine [see BEAUMONT 3]. vii. ALINE OF ENGLAND, married MATHIEU DE MONTMORENCY, seigneur of Montmorency [see LEICESTER 3 {sic: MONTMORENCY 3}]. v. SIBYL OF ENGLAND, married ALEXANDER I, King of Scots [see SCOTLAND 1.v], younger son of Malcolm III (Ceannmor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for his parentage]. He was born about 1077. They had no issue. By an unknown mistress, he had an illegitimate son, Malcolm. He became King of Scotland in 1107 on the death of his elder brother, Edgar, King of Scots. He and his wife, Sibyl, founded the monastery of Scone in Perthshire in 1113-14. He was also a benefactor to Durham and Dunfermline. He invaded Wales in summer 1114, in cooperation with King Henry I of England. His wife, Sibyl, died suddenly at Loch Tay 12 July 1122. ALEXANDER I, King of Scots, died at Stirling 23 April 1124, and was buried before the great altar at Dunfermline, Fife near his father. Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: “VII. Kal. Mali [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "VI. Id. Jul. [10 July] Ob. Sibilla Regina Scottorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Turnbull Extracta E Variis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 68 (Extracts ex Cronicis Scocie sub A.D. 1122: "Sibilla, illustris regine Scocie, uxor regis Alexandri, filia Henrici Beuclerk regis Anglie, apud Lochtay cellam canonicorum de Scona obiit anno Domini Moc.xxij"). Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis 2 (1849): 78 (sub A.D. 1123: "Alexander rex Scottorum, VII. kal. Maii [25 April], obiit."). Liber Ecclesie de Scone (1863): 1-3 (charter of Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl; charter witnessed by his nephew [nepos], Alexander, and by William, brother of the queen [frater regine]). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 3 (sub Kings of Scotland). Lawrie Early Scottish Charters prior to A.D. 1153 (1905): 28-30 (charter to Scone Priory dated c.1120 issued by Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl, "filia Henrici Regis Angliae"), 262. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 50-57. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.655, XIII.205. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 57. Duncan Kingship of the Scots 842-1292 (2002). Barrow Kingdom of the Scots (2003): 1541-56. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Oram David I: The King Who Made Scotland (2004). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 313 (Scotland ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I, by Isabel of Meulan, daughter of Robert of Meulan (or de Beaumont), Count of Meulan, by Isabel (or Elizabeth), daughter of Hugues le Grand Count of Crepy [see VERMANDOIS 5 for her ancestry]. Isabel de Meulan married (1st) Gilbert Fitz Gilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 6 Jan. 1147/8) [see PEMBROKE 3] and (2nd) Ralph Bluet, of Silchester, Hampshire and Lacock, Wiltshire (living 1167) [see PEMBROKE 3]. She was allegedly living in 1172. i. ISABEL OF ENGLAND. She and her mother, Countess Isabel, witnessed two undated charters of her half-brother, Richard Fitz Gilbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Her subsequent history is unknown. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 10 (1855): 261-263 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to the monks of Usk; charter witnessed by Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter, Ralph Bloet, and Walter Bloet). C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 361 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Gilbert to Goldcliff Priory; charter witnessed by Isabel the earl's mother and Isabel his sister). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-102 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke) ("Actually there is no reasonable doubt that Isabel [de Meulan]s daughter bore her mother's name, lived with her after the elder Isabel's marriage, and continued to do so after her step-father's death. For the first two witnesses to the 2nd Earl of Pembroke's charter for Usk are the Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter; and in the charter for Goldcliff Priory the first two witnesses are Isabel the Earl's mother and Isabel the Earl's sister. There is no evidence that she ever married."); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.657. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Alleged but unlikely daughter of King Henry I: i. EMMA OF ENGLAND, married GUY DE LAVAL, seigneur of Laval. Hollister Henry 1(2001): 228 ("Bertrand de Brousillon, La Maison de Laval, 1: 79: 'on pretend meme que l’abbaye de Clermont aurait conserve longtemps une tombe sur laquelle on lisait EMMA ANGLORUM REGIS FILIA DOMINAQUE LAVALLENSIS.' The author dismisses this tradition on the grounds that Robert of Torigny omits 'Emma' from his list of Henry's daughters, but the list is by no means complete. Emma is absent from the list of Henry I's illegitimate daughters in CP, 11, app. D, pp. 112-121.").”	Fitz Roy, Richard (I6393)
6043	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY nicknamed “Beauclerc,” King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Cotentin, 4th son, born in 1068 or 1069. He married (1st) 11 Nov. 1100 MAUD OF SCOTLAND, daughter of Malcolm III (CeannMor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for her parentage]. She was born in 1079. They had one son, William, and one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, died at Westminster 1 May 1118. He married (2nd) at Windsor, Berkshire 29 Jan. 1121 ALICE (or AELIZ, ALEIDE, ALEYDA, AELIDIS, ADELIDE, ADELIDIS, ADELAIDIS, ADELIZA, ADELIZE, ATHELICE) OF LOUVAIN, daughter of Gottfried (or Godefroy) I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Louvain, by his 1st wife, Ida, daughter of Otto II, Count of Chiny. She was born about 1103. They had no issue. By various mistresses, he had eight illegitimate sons, Robert [Earl of Gloucester], Richard, Fulk, Reynold [Earl of Cornwall], Robert, Gilbert, William de Tracy, and Henry, and nine illegitimate daughters, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Rotrou II, Count of Perche), Alice, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Conan III, Duke of Brittany), Juliane (wife of Eustache de Pacy, seigneur of Breteuil and Pacy), Mabel (wife of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail), Constance (wife of Roscelin de Beaumont), Aline (wife of Mathieu de Montmorency), Sibyl (wife of Alexander I, King of Scots), and Isabel.* HENRY I, King of England died at Lyons-la-Forêt (near Rouen), Normandy 1 Dec. 1135, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. His widow, Alice, married (2nd) after Dec. 1136 but later than summer 1139 WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, Earl of Lincoln, afterwards 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), hereditary Chief Butler of England, Privy Councillor to King Henry I [see CLIFTON 3]. They had four sons, William [2nd Earl of Arundel or Sussex], Reiner, Henry, and Godfrey, and two daughters, Alice (wife of Jean I, Count of Eu and Alvred de Saint Martin) and Olive. He was a witness to King Stephen's 2nd Charter of Liberties in 1136. He was created Earl of Lincoln c.1138. He gave shelter to Empress Maud at Arundel Castle in 1139, but afterwards adhered to King Stephen. His earldom was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex before Christmas 1141. In his own later charters he is styled Earl of Chichester. About 1145 he witnessed a charter of Henry Hussey as "Consul Willelmo de Cicesterr." His wife, Alice, presented to the prebend of West Dean in 1150. Alice, dowager Queen of England, died as a nun at Affligem Abbey in Brabant 25 (or 26) March 1151, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. He was influential in arranging the treaty of 1153, whereby the Crown continued with King Stephen for life, though the inheritance thereof was secured to Henry II. He subscribed his name to this instrument as "Comes Cicestrie." By grant dated c.1155, King Henry II confirmed to him as "William, Earl of Arundel" the Castle of Arundel, with the whole honour of Arundel and all its appurtenances. He served as Joint Ambassador to France and to the Pope in 1163/4. He served as Chief Ambassador with Princess Maud to Germany in 1168. He was appointed joint Commander of the royal army in Normandy in 1173. In Sept. 1173 he assisted in the defeat near Bury St. Edmunds of the Earl of Leicester. He founded Buckenham Abbey, Norfolk and Pynharn Priory, Sussex. WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), died at Waverley Abbey, Surrey 4 (or 12) October 1176, and was buried at Wymondham Priory, Norfolk. [Footnote *: In 1824 the Scottish historian Chalmers stated that King Henry I of England had an illegitimate daughter, Elizabeth, who married Fergus, lord of Galloway (died 1161). [see Chalmers Caledonia 3 (1824): 250, footnote k ("Fergus [lord of Galloway] ... was a prince of some note, even at the court of Henry I. of England, is certain : as he took to wife, according to the heralds, genealogists, and chroniclers, Elizabeth, the natural daughter of Henry I.")]. Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway), however, debunked Chalmers' statement, noting that the authorities quoted by Chalmers "do not bear out his assertion." Even so, other secondary sources have continued to repeat Chalmers' unfounded claim: See, for example, Mackenzie History of Galloway (1841): 167-172 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England"); Anderson Scottish Nation 2 (1862): 195 ("Fergus, lord of Galloway ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England ..."); M'Kerlie Galloway in Ancient & Modern Times (1891): 155 ("It is necessary to repeat here that Fergus married Elizabeth, the natural daughter of King Henry I. of England."); Maxwell Hist. of Dumfries & Galloway (1896): 47-48 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, natural daughter of Henry I., and sister of Sibilla, who married Alexander I., brother of David."); Ramsay Angevin Empire (1903): 90, footnote 7 ("Gunfrith [i.e., Godred] was son of Olaf, by Afreca, daughter of Fergus of Galloway, by 'Elisabeth,' reputed natural daughter of Henry I."); Oram Lordship of Galloway (2000): 60; Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Barrow Robert Bruce (1965): 36, footnote 2 notes that "Roger Howden calls Uchtred son of Fergus of Galloway a cousin of King Henry II (Gesta Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Ser., i, 80)," a relationship which Professor Barrow states "is best explained on the supposition that Fergus married a bastard daughter of Henry I." However, given that King Henry II of England had a Scottish grandmother, a more likely explanation of the kinship between the Galloway and English royal families is that the wife of Fergus was near related to the Scottish royal family, possibly being a sister of William Fitz Duncan, whose grandfather was Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots [died 1093]. This arrangement would make Uchtred son of Fergus and King Henry II of England related in the 3rd degree of kindred (or second cousins).] D'Achery Spicilegium 10 (1671): 612-613 (Continuatio Chronici Afflegemiensis: "Filia præfati Ducis Aleidis juncta matrimonio Regi Angliæ, post obitum secundi con jugis Afflegemiensis Claustri solitudinem ad reliquum vitæ ad humandum corpus elegit in domo turti Ecclesiæ contigua, cum una aut akera ancilla in Fratrum Afflegemiensiurn quieta taciturna multitudine solitaria habitavit, & beato fine quievit, de qua epitaphium: Aleidis Regina Anglim, filia Ducis Godefridi cum barba, Regnum suscepit in Anglia an MCXXI. obiit 9 Kal. Maii [23 April], sepulta è regione horologii nostri."). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 30 (Kalendar of Obits: "IIII Non. December [2 December]. Obitus Henrici Regis."). Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 32-34. Morice Mémoires pour servir de Preuves à l'Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne 1 (1742): 130 (Extract of Cronicle of Robert, Abbot of Mont Saint Michel: "Anno 1135. Obiit Henricus I. Rex Anglorum in prima die Decembris, cum regnasset annis 35. & 4 mensibus."). Brequigny & Mouchet Table Chronologique des Diplômes, Chartes, Titres ... concernant l’Histoire de France 3 (1783): 236 (charter dated c.1155 of Alice Queen of the English [Adelaidis reginæ Anglorum]). Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: Kal. Maii [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 218 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "IV. Non. Dec. [2 December] Ob Henricus Rex Anglorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Norrnands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXI)). Tierney Hist. & Antiqs. of the Castle & Town of Arundel 1 (1834): 169-179. Michel Histoire des Ducs de Normandie et des Rois D'Angleterre (1840): 69 ("Li rois Henrie, quant la roine Mehaus fu morte, prist à feme Aalis, la fille Godefroi le duc de Louvaing, la cousine Wistasse [Eustace] de Bouloigne; mais n'en ot nul enfant. Si ot-il de bas .vj. Ills et .vij. fines"). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 135-211 (biog. of Matilda of Scotland), 212-256 (biog. of Adelicia of Louvaine). Barrett Memorials of the parochial Church ... in the Parish of Attleborough (1848): 12-41. Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis 2 (1849): 74 (Maud [of Blois], Countess of Chester, styled "niece" to King Henry I of England [neptis regis1). Ordericus Vitalis Ecclesiastical Hist. of England & Normandy 3 (1854): 482 (Roger Fitz Roger and Walter d'Aufay [Aufai] styled "cousins" to King Henry I at Battle of Bremule in 1119 by Ordericus Vitalis). Arch. Journal 20 (1863): 283 ("Adeliza appears to have used the identical matrux of the seal which had belonged to the first queen of Henry I., the name-Aalidis-having been substituted for Matli[Idis), 287-288 (charter of Queen Alice [Aelidis regina] ... There is appended ... a pointed oval seal of white wax .... device, a female figure standing ... The legend is + SIGILLVM • AALIDIS • SECVND[AE • DE]I • GRACIA • REGINAE • ANGLIE.), 288-289 (charter of Queen Alice [A. Dei gracia Regina]); 22 (1865): 152-153 (charter of William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Lincoln; charter names Queen Alice his wife [regina Adelidis]). Sussex Arch. Colls. 15 (1863): 112-113. Luard Annales Monastici 1 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1864): 14 (Margam Annals sub 1151: "Obiit Adelidis, regina secunda Henrici regis."); 3 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1866): 433 (Bermondsey Annals sub A.D. 1121: "Hoc anno rex Henricus primus duxit Adelizam, filiam ducis Lovaniae, in uxorem, tertio nonas Februarii [3 February]."). Burke Gen. Hist, of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited & Extinct Peerages (1866): 2-3 (sub Albini, Earls of Arundel). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. (1867): 21-33 ("In the Register of the Priory of Bromhale, we find the record of his death under the date of the 4th day of October, 22nd of Henry II (A.D. 1176), in the following words, `obiit Willielmus Comes Arundel' (no mention of Sussex or Chichester), et `sepultus est in prioratus de Wymondham.’"). Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptorum 20 (1868): 67 (Orderic Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, Liber X: Roger Fitz Richard [de Clare) styled "kinsman" [cognatus) of King Henry I of England). Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104-108 (discusses evidence that King Henry I had an illegitimate daughter, Maud (or Mathilde)/Almodis, who was Abbess of Montivilliers). Ellis Antiqs. of Heraldry (1869): 206-207 (Aubigny ped.). Lower Compendious Hist. of Sussex 1 (1870): 70 (Robert de Haia, founder of Boxgrove Priory, styled "king's kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry I). Delisle Delisle Chronique de Robert de Tongni 1 (1872): 215 (sub A.D. 1139: "Invitarerat enim eos Willermus de Albinneio, qui duxerat Aeliz quondam reginam, quæ habebat castellum et comitatum Hardundel, quod rex Henricus dederat ei in dote."); 2 (1873): 63-64 ("Cessit etiam in fata Willermus de Albineio, quem vocabant comitem d'Arundel, relinquens filios quatuor, scilicet Guillermum de Albineio pritnogenitum, et alios tres natos ex Aeliza regina, uxore primi Henrici regis Anglorum."). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1874): 298 (sub 1176: "comes etiam Willelmus de Arundel obiit quarto idus Octobris [12 October] apud Waverle, et sepultus eat apud Wimundham, cellam scilicet ecclesiæ Sancti Albani, cujus cellæ patronus fuisse dinoscitur."). Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Obiit autem Matildis regina Anglia anno regni sui xviiio, kalendis Maii [1 May], et apud Radingas sepulta est."). Merlet Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cviii (arms of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy dated 1115: D'argent au cavalier d'azur). D.N.B. 1 (1885): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1(1886): 66 (sub Arundel). Raine Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1886): 169 (History of the Four Archbishops by Hugh the Chantor - King Henry I and Pope Calixtus II were kinsmen: "Nam præter spiritualem patris et filii relationem, carnali consanguinitate propinqui erant, quorum avus et avia frater et soror fuerunt." (Note: Pope Calixtus II was a younger son of William I, Count of Burgundy, whose mother Alice was daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 5-8 (seal of King Henry I - Obverse. King, seated in majesty, in an undercoat with sleeves tight at wrists, and loose skirts reaching below knees; and long flowing cloak fastened at throat and spreading out behind, which has a border, with indications of a fur of symmetrical pattern. On the head a cap-shaped crown, with three fleurs-de-lis, one at top and one at either side, and two chin-straps hanging loosely at sides, the ends having buckles in shape of trefoils. In right hand, extended outwards from elbow, a sword is held almost perpendicularly. In left hand, similarly extended, an orb, ensigned with a long cross pattee pommettee. Throne, apparently square, and closely resembling that of William II.; the centre curves with a bold cusp inwards, with a string-course, and is the narrowest part. In lower of two compartments thus made, is a footboard, not enough remaining to show original size. On throne a flat cushion with square edge, carrying at each end a hemispherical ornament, intended for pillow. Reverse. King, hauberk of chain-mail; conical helmet, having a blunt point at crown of head, and perhaps armed with projecting nose-piece; single pointed spur of goad form; long lance to which is attached a banner, charged with cross moline, and three pairs of waving streamers. No indication of sword. In left hand, held by interior strap, a kite-shaped shield, seen from within. The horse is walking to the right hand, caparisoned with breast-band, which is ornamented by five globular pendants equi-distant. Saddle of small dimensions; with stirrups. The loosely gathered reins are held up in left hand, which also sustains shield. Legend: + HENRIC' D... ... ...). Round "An Unknown Mistress of Henry I." in Eng. Hist. Rev. 5 (1890): 745-746. Luard Flores Historiarum 2 ((Rolls Ser.) 1890): 69 ("Anno gratix MCLIo [1151]. Obiit Adelicia regina, uxor regis Stephani;" the editor notes that the name "Stephani" is erased in Ch. and altered to "Henrici I."). Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (Docs. sur la Province du Perche 3rd Ser. 2) (1894): 40-43. Recueil des Historiens des Castles et de la France 23 (1894): 471 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: "25 Mart. Obiit Adelicia regina."), 476 (Ex Necrologio Monasterii Crucis Sancti Leufredi: "25 Mart. [Obiit] Adeliza, regina Anglorum."), 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Mali. [Obiit] Matildis, regina Anglorum."), 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "12 Oct. [Obiit] Guillelmus, comes de Arundel."), 581 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Dec. [Obiit] Henricus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum."). Napier & Stevenson Crawford Coll. of early Charters & Docs. now in the Bodleian library (1895): 31 (William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Chichester dated c.1150; charter names his wife, Queen Alice [regina Adelide]). Bradshaw Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral Pt. 2 (1897): (obits. in the odd volume of the great Latin Bible), ccxxxviii (2 May - "Matildis regina uxor Henrici regis."), ccxlii (2 Dec. - "Henricus, pacificus rex Anglorum."). Trans. East Herts Arch. Soc. 1(1) (1901): 129-135 (charter of Queen Alice widow of King Henry I dated 1136 [Adelidis regina uxor nobillisimi regis Henrici & filia Godefridi ducis lotharingie]. C.C.R. 1227-1231 (1902): 530 (confirmation of gift of Alice, formerly Queen of England). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 316 (Abbaye de Saint-Denis: "kal. Maius [1 May] Ob. Matildis, Anglorum regina [1118]."), 523 (Prieure de Longpont: "kaL maii. [1 May] [obit.] Maltidis, Anglorum regina [1118]."). Warner & Ellis Facsimiles of Royal & Other Charters in the British Museum 1 (1903): #14 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Lincoln dated c.1139-40; charter names his wife, Queen Adeleidis), #27 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Chichester dated 1151-2; charter names his wife, Queen Athelice). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 1-2 (sub Kings of Scotland). Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 25-34. Eng. Hist. Rev. 21(1906): 505-509. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 2 (1906): 241 (Obituaire of Prieure de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan: "Henricus, rex Anglorum, frater noster, III nonas decembris [3 Dec.] [1135]."), 661 (Nécrologe of Abbaye de Saint-Jean-en-Vallée: 12 Dec.] IIII non. Obiit Henricus, Anglorum rex [1135], ecclesiarum amator praecipuus."). Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway) ("[Fergus, lord of Galloway] is said to have married Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of King Henry I. of England, but the authorities quoted by Chalmers, who makes the statement, do not bear out his assertion."). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Urseau Cartulaire Moir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (1908): 167-168 (charter of King Henry I dated c.1111=20). Gomme Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1909): 217 (sub A.D. 1100: Maud of Scotland, 1st wife of King Henry I, styled "kinswoman to king Edward [the Confessor] and of the true royal race of England."), 239-240 (sub A.D. 1127: Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone], Abbot of Saint-Jean of Angély (in Poitou), afterwards Abbot of Peterborough styled "kinsman" [mæi] of [Henry I] King of England and [Guillaume] Count of Poitou) [see also Earle and Plummer Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel 1 (1892): 257; English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-5601. CP. 1 (1910): 233-235, 237 (chart) (sub Arundel); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Round King's Serjeants & Officers of State (1911): 140-165. English Hist. Rev. 34 (1919): 303-382. Farrer Outline Itinerary of King Henry 1 (1920). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) XI 112. Rübel-Blass (1939) 257 (biographical information). G.H. White "Henry I's Illegitimate Children," in C.P. 11 (1949), Appendix D, 105-121. Leys Sandford Cartulary 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 22) (1941): 216. Johnson et al. Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066-1154 2 (1956): 148 (John [son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent], a royal chaplain, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of King Henry I of England in charter dated 1117-19). C.R.R. 12 (1957): 157-158 (Sibyl de Falaise, wife of Baldwin de Bolers, styled "kinswoman" [nepte] of King Henry I of England). Stenton First Century of English Feudalism, 1066-1166 (1961). Davis King Stephen (1967): 137 ("[King] Stephen recognized three successive earls of Lincoln ... The first was William d'Aubigny pincerna who married Queen Adeliza, widow of King Henry I, and in her right became lord of the honour and castle of Arundel. He styles himself William Earl of Lincoln in three charters in which his identity is proved by references to his wife. They are in favour of Lewes Priory and the abbeys of Reading and Affligem-and in the case of Affligem there is also a charter of Adeliza referring to her husband as earl of Lincoln (Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville 3245; Warner and Ellis, Facsimiles, no. 14; E. de Marneffe, Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Affligem in Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclesiastique de la Belgique, 2o section, pp. 104,106). In royal charters it is usually impossible to distinguish him from his successor, William de Roumare, since the normal style of both was Willelmus comes de Lincolnia, or (before he was an earl) from his father, William d'Aubignypincerna, who died before June 1139 (Reg. iii. 973). If Robert de Torigny is right (Chronicles iv. 137) William had married Adeliza by September 1139, and it is tempting to assume that it was on his marriage that he was made earl of Lincoln, his connection with that county being that his mother, Maud Bigod, was a grand-daughter, and possible co-heiress, of Robert de Tosny of Belvoir. We do not know precisely when he was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex, but it was certainly by Christmas 1141 when he attested a charter as Comite Willelmo de Sudsexa (Reg. iii. 276)."). Chibnall Ecclesiastical Hist. of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80): 317 (Vol. VI, Book XII - Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone] styled "kinsman" [cognato] of King Henry I of England) [see English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-560]. Albion 10 (1978): 330-340. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 95 (sub Hainault, Brabant); 2 (1984): 81 (sub England); 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Chibnall Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166 (1986). Green Government of England under Henry 1(1986). Hollister Monarchy, Magnates, & Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World (1986). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 1 (Camden Soc. 4th Ser. 31) (1986): 301, 369, 476. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.1.423, XII.371, X11.644-X11.645, XIII.207. Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 136 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "7 Kal. [Apr.] [26 March]. Obiit Atheliza regina."), 130 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit Rex Anglorum Henricus primus."), 146 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit rex Anglorum Henricus i."). Haskins Soc. Jour. 7 (1995): 101-116. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35, 57. Scottish Hirt. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I Pt 2 (List and Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 143 (confirmation c. 1172/81 of grant made by Queen Adela) (original published in Jour. of British Architetural Assoc. 17: 312). Scottish Hist. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Harper-Bill Anglo-Norman Studies XXI (1999): 145-168. Bartlett England under the Norman & Angevin Kings 1075-1225 (2000). Hollister Henry 1(2001). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.), 313 (Scotland ped.). Weller Die Heiratspolitik des deutschen Hochadels im 12. Jahrhundert (2004): 464-4.76 (biog. of Königin Adelheid von England) ("On page 476, Weller states: "Seine Gattin Adelheid von Lowen, die ehemalige Konigin von England, war schon 1151 wahrend des Bürgerkrieges verschieden und wurde in Reading beigesetzt ... Der Begräbnisort Kgn. Adelheids geht aus einem Schreiben Jocelins v. Löwen an Bf. Hilarius v. Chichester eindeutig hervor, vgl. Reading Abbey Cartularies 1, No. 551, 416E; s.a. Bartlett, England 596. Nicht stichhaltig ist demgegeniiber die van Sanderus, Chorographia 1, 45, verbreitete Nachricht, wonach Adelheid vor ihrem Tod in ihre Heimat übergesiedelt und im Kloster Afflighem gestoren and begraben sei; heirnach auch John Horace Round in dem Art.: Adeliza of Louvain, in DNB 1(1885): 137f.; Complete Peerage 1, 235. Allerdings ist Kgn. Adelheid als Wohltäterin von Afflighem aufgetreten unde hat dem Kloster einigen Besitz in England gestiftet; vgl. Cart. Afflighem, No. 79, 121-124 (hier 122)."). Verbeke Medieval Narrative Sources (2005): 21-36. Fleming Henry I & the Anglo-Norman World: Studies in Memory of C. Warren Hollister (2006). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006). Children of King Henry I of England, by Maud of Scotland: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, son and heir apparent, born in 1103. As his father's destined successor, he received the homage of the Normans barons in 1115, and that of the English witan in 1116. He married at Lisieux in May 1119 MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ANJOU, daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou. He was with his father at the Battle of Bremule in 1119. Early in 1120 King Louis of France invested him with the duchy of Normandy. He was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 160 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1120: "Willelmus filius Henrici Regis, & Ricardus frater ejus & Ricardus Comes de Cestria cum multis Nobilibus naufragio perierunt.”). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. D.N.B. 21(1909): 337 (biog. of William, son of Henry I, King of England). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 81 (sub England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.644. Caenegem English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I 1 (Selden Soc. 106) (1990): 180-181, 192-193, 213-214. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.). ii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, married (1st) HEINRICH V, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor; (2nd) GEOFFREY V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy [see next]. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by an unknown mistress, (possibly a member of the Bohun family): i. ROBERT FITZ ROY, Earl of Gloucester, married MABEL FITZ ROBERT [see GLOUCESTER 3]. Illegitimate sons of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Ansfride, widow of Anskill, a knight who was a tenant of Abingdon Abbey: i. RICHARD FITZ ROY, born before 1101. He served against the French in 1119, and was captured at Les Andelys. He was set free with his comrades by King Louis, because they had taken sanctuary in the church of Notre Dame du Grand Andely. Later the same year he was with his father at the Siege of Evreux and the Battle of Brémule. In Sept. 1119 he was sent to raise the Siege at Bréteuil. He was betrothed to Amice de Gael, daughter of Raoul, seigneur of Gael in Brittany and Bréteuil in Normandy. He was drowned immediately afterwards in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Amice subsequently married Robert of Meulan, 1st Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 6]. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Alium quoque habuit filium Ricardum, et cessavit parere... Navis enim infausta qun regis gestabat filios Willelrnum et Ricardum, submersa est, periitque in scopulis Barbefluvii."). C.P. 7 (1929): 527-530 (sub Leicester); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.646. Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni 2 (1992): 248-249 (Robert de Torigny: "Ricardus autem, huius comitis uno de patre frater, cum fratre suo Willelmo in sepedicto naufiagio periit."). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. FULK FITZ ROY. Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(II.647. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Sibyl Corbet: i. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall, Sheriff of Devon, 1173-5. He married in 1140 MABEL FITZ WILLIAM, daughter of William Fitz Richard, of Cornwall. They had one son, Nicholas, and four daughters, Denise (wife of Richard de Redvers, Earl of Devon), Maud, Sarah (wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges), and Emme (wife of Guy V de Laval, seigneur of Laval). By a mistress, Beatrice de Valle (or Vaux) (afterwards wife of William Briwerre, Knt.), he had an illegitimate son, Henry Fitz Count. By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, William. He was granted the lands of William, Earl of Mortain, amounting to 215-1/2 fees in Devon and Cornwall. He was created Earl of Cornwall about April 1141. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, were recognized by contemporaries as "the most powerful men in the kingdom." His wife, Mabel, fell into insanity in the 1140s. He witnessed a charter of Henry d'Oilly in the period, 1114-47. In 1153 he witnessed the agreement between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy [afterwards King Henry II]. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, acted as intermediary between the king and Thomas Becket at Northampton in 1164. He played a major part in opposing the rebels of 1173-4 in England. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall died 1 July 1175, allegedly at Chertsey, Surrey, and was buried at Reading, Berkshire. Dugdale Baronage (1675): 702 (sub Briwere) ("[William Briwere] having married Beatrix de Valle, a Concubine, as 'tis said, to Reginald Earl of Cornwall (which is probable, for in a Grant made by Henry Son to the same Reginald [Earl of Cornwall], unto this William [Briwere], of the Mannor of Karswell, and Land of Hakford, he calls him his Brother")) [Note: Dugdale evidently intended to say that Henry Fitz Count's brother was William Briwere the younger, as it was William Briwere the elder was the husband of his mother, Beatrice de Valle]. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 6, 98 (undated charter of Reynold son of King Henry to William de Botreaux son of Alice Corbet his aunt [matertera]; charter witnessed by his son, Nicholas; his nephews/kinsmen [nepotibus], Ralph and Richard, and his brother, William), 112. Topographer 2 (1790): 288-291. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 2 (1836 11): 239-240 (Bruere or Briwere ped.). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 163 ("Deditque ibidem Hereberto filio Hereberti, et Willelmo fratri comitis Reginaldi, et Joelllano de la Pumerai, nepoti eorum, regnum be Limeric pro servitio sexaginta militum"), 172 ("Nam Herbertus, et Willelmus, fratres Reginaldi comitis Cornubiae, et Joellanus de Purnetia nepos eorum, regnum illud havere noluerunt; sed illud reddiderunt domino regi et Johanni filio suo liberum et quietum ab omni calurnnia eorum"). Le Fizelier Mémoire chronologique de Maucourt de Bourjolly sur la Ville de Laval 1 (1886): 136-142. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-253 (William brother of Earl Reynold [Willelmus frater Comitis Reginaldi] held 1/2 knight's fee of Robert Fitz Roy in 1166), 261-262 (William brother of the Earl [Willelmus frater Comitis] held four knight's fees Reynold, Earl of Cornwall in 1166). Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 455-456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 34. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 75. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Colls. Hist. Staffs. 1924 (1926): 9, 219. English Hist. Rev. 62 (1947): 352-377 (charter of William de Marsh brother of Reynold Earl of Cornwall [Willelmus de Marisco frater Reginaldi comitis Cornubie]). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II], later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Minor & Butler eds. Letters of John of Salisbury 1 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1955): 162-163. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987): 9-10 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1154-65), 10-11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1146-55), 11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 195-196 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1165-75, witnessed by his son, Nicholas), 196-197 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 197-198 (two confirmation charters of King Henry II of England naming his "uncle" [avunculus] Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, one dated c.1174-5, the other dated c.1174-6). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(11.651, X111.996-1000. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Hollister Henry 1(2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart).Cornwall Rec. Office: Borough of Truro, BTRU/1 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1161-66) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, by Mabel Fitz William: a. MAUD OF CORNWALL, married ROBERT II, Count of Meulan [see VERMANDOIS 7]. Illegitimate child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, allegedly by Beatrice de Valle: a. HENRY FITZ COUNT, of Liskeard, Cornwall and King's Kerswell, Devon, Constable of Totnes Castle, 1209, Governor of Portchester Castle, 1211, Sheriff of Cornwall, 1215, 1217-20, Constable of Launceston Castle and Warden of the Stanneries, 1215. In 1194 he was granted the manors of Liskeard, Cornwall and Diptford and King's Kerswell, Devon by the king. In 1196 he witnessed the Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by his alleged step-father, Sir William Briwerre. In 1215 he had a grant of the county of Cornwall from King John, to farm until the realm should be at peace. The grant was renewed by King Henry III 7 Feb. 1216/7. He resigned the county to the king in 1220, when he took the cross. HENRY FITZ COUNT died a crusader in 1222. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Hunter Catalogue of the MSS in the library of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn (1838): 13. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(2) (1846): 924 (Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by William Briwer). Oliver Monasticon Dioecesis Exoniensis (1846): 174 (charter of Henry son of Reynold Earl of Cornwall; charter granted for the souls of his brothers and his mother), 179, 183. Trans. Exeter Diocesan Architectural & Arch. Soc. 2nd Ser. 1 (1867): 133-134. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 31(1870): 5. Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 21. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 9 (1902): 295-296 ("But Reginald de Dunstanville [i.e., Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall] had also by Beatrix de Valle (who afterwards became the wife of William Brewer, the judge of Henry II. and one of the regents of Richard I.) an illegitimate son named Henry FitzCount (sometimes FitzHenry), who became in after years also Earl of Cornwall."). Genealogist n.s. 20 (1904): 10-11. C.P. 3 (1913): 430 (sub Cornwall). Painter Reign of King John (1949): 231, 290, 348, 358-359. Hobbs Cartulary of Forde Abbey (Somerset Rec. Soc. 85) (1998): 116 (charter of Henry Fitz Count dated 1200-22; charter witnessed by William Brewer). North Devon Rec. Office: Chichester of Arlington, 50/11/29/3 (confirmation of a gift of land dated early 13th Cent. from Henry son of Earl Reginald to William de Tracy of all his land of Wollecombe [in Mortehoe] and Boklande, Devon, which William and his ancestors held of Henry and his ancestors, lords of Bradneys, as the charter of Hugh Ruffus testifies. To have and to hold to the aforesaid William, his heirs and assigns, of Henry and his heirs for ever, rendering all due and customary services. Seal of Henry son of Earl Reginald - Round, natural wax, armorial, surrounded by legend giving name of owner, chipped. The arms on shield resemble those of Courtenay family, but the Courtenays did not become Earls till 14th Cent.) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Henry III Fine Rolls Project (Baldekin styled "kinsman" of H[enry] Fitz Count in a fine roll item dated 1220; by whom he was earlier granted lands in Cornwall formerly held by Robert de Tintagel) (available at www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_015.html). Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith, daughter of Forne son of Sigulf, lord of Greystoke, Cumberland. Edith subsequently married ROBERT D'OILLY, of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, Constable of Oxford Castle. They had two sons, Henry and Gilbert. He and his wife, Edith, founded Oseney Priory near Oxford in 1129. Robert d'Oilly died in Sept. 1142. Sometime in the period, c.1145-56, his widow, Edith, granted a toft in Huggate and 68-1/2 acres in the fields there to the poor of the Hospital of St. Peter, York. Leys Sandford Cartulary 1 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 19) (1938): 50 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith), 92 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated before June 1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith, and his son, Henry). Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 505-508, 510 (charter of Edith wife of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1145-56), 510-511 (charter of Henry d'Oilly dated c.1145-56; charter witnessed by his wife, Maud), 518-519. Hedley Northumberland Fares. (1968): 233. i. ROBERT FITZ ROY. He held land in Devonshire in 1130. He witnessed a charter of his step-father, Robert d'Oilly, in the period, ?1130-35. He supported his half-sister, Empress Maud, in the Civil War. In the period, 1144-7, he witnessed a charter of his half-brother, Henry d'Oilly. In 1146-7 he witnessed a charter of Empress Maud and her son, Henry. About 1150 he granted 10 pounds of land in his manor of Wantage, Berkshire to the church of Oseney, with the counsel of Henry d'Oilly his half-brother. Sometime in the period, 1153-67, he witnessed a charter of Wigan of Wallingford. He married before 1162 MAUD D'AVRANCHES, widow of William de Courcy (or ?Geoffrey de Crimes?), and daughter of Robert d'Avranches, by ___, daughter of Gelduin de Dol. They had one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, was heiress of Richard Fitz Baldwin. In 1162 he granted St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter two ferlings of land in his manor of Calvalegie juxta Cobbalegiam, together with a man named Edwium son of Wranhi; charter was granted with with the consent of his wife, Maud d'Avranches. ROBERT FITZ ROY died 31 May 1172. His widow, Maud, died 21 Sept. 1173. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farms of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Coll. Top. et Gen. 1 (1834): 188 ("C. Rob[er]ti filii Henrici Regis per concessionem Mathildis, filiz Roberti de Avrenchis et heredis Ricardi filii Baldewini, dans totam vincam quam Rob'tus fil. Baldewini et Ricardus fester ejus Eccl. S.N. dederunt."), 382 (charter dated 1162 of Robert son of King Henry, granted with consent of Maud d'Avranches his wife [Robertus filius Regis Henrici, assensu Matillidis de Abrinco uxoris meae to St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter). Dugdale Monasticon Anglican = 5 (1846): 377-382 (Ford Abbey, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia: "Obijt denique vir ejus secundus, dominus Robertus filius regis Henrici anno Domini M.clxxii. pridie calendas Junii [31 May], et post ipsum vicecomitissa Matildis, itaque de Aubrincis ut prius nuncupata, undecimo calendas Octobris [21 Sept.] anno Domini M.clxxiii. et regni regis Henrici secundi 19."); 6(1) (1830): 253 (charter of Robert son of King Henry [Robertus Henrici regis filius]; charter names his [half-]brother [fratris], Henry d'Oilly). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Priory of Hexham 1 (Surtees Soc. 64) (1864): 138 (Chronicle of John, Prior of Hexham: "Emissi sunt autem ducenti milites cum Rodberto, filio Edae et Henrici Regis notho, et Johanne Marascaldo ...."). Freeman Reign of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 723. Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): 374 (charter of Robert son of King Henry dated c.1150). Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 3 (1881): 1-3. Maitland Bracton's Note Book 2 (1887): 137-138 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that he was the son of Hawise, the first born daughter of Maud d'Avranches; Hawise's sister, Maud de Courtenay, who was the plaintiff in the lawsuit, in turn testified that the said Hawise was the daughter of Geoffrey de Crimes (or Crunes, Cruues), the 1st husband of Maud d'Avranches), 404-405; 3 (1887): 450-452 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that his mother, Hawise, was the daughter of William de Curcy, husband of Maud d'Avranches). Notes & Gleanings 2 (1889): 50-56. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-254 (list of knights fees held by Robert Fitz Roy in 1166). Note-book of Tristram Risdon (1897): 53-56. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 73, 75, 101-102. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Seversmith Colonial Fams. of Long Island New York & Connecticut 5 (1958): 2426-2428. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.650, XIII.995. Reedy Basset Charters c.1120 to 1250 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 50) (1995): 25-26 (charter dated 1146-7 of Empress Maud daughter of King Henry I and her son, Henry; charter witnessed by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and Robert Fitz Roy). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Fizzard Plympton Priory (2008): 62, footnote 26. Child of Robert Fitz Roy, by Maud d'Avranches: a. MAUD FITZ ROBERT, married REYNOLD DE COURTENAY, of Sutton, Berkshire [see COURTENAY 1]. ii. ALICE FITZ ROY. In the period, ?1130-35, she witnessed a charter of her step-father, Robert d'Oilly, and her mother, Edith. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 72-73 (Alice daughter of the king [Adeliza Lila Reg.] witness to charter of Robert d'Oilly, his wife, and son dated ?1130-35). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Nest, wife of Gerald of Windsor, Constable of Pembroke, and daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwt, Prince of South Wales: i. HENRY FITZ ROY, of Pembrokeshire. He was killed during King Henry II's invasion at Anglesea in 1157 or 1158. He married ___. They had two sons, Meiler Fitz Henry [Justiciar of Ireland] and Robert, and presumably one daughter, Amabilis Fitz Henry (wife of Walter de Ridelisford). Williams ab Ithel Annales Cambriaes (Rolls Ser.) (1860): 47 (sub A.D. 1158: "Henricus filius Geraldi occisus est, velut alii volunt, filius Henrici regis ..."). Dimock Geraldus Cambrensis: Itinerarium Kambrice, et Descriptio Kambriæ (Geraldus Cambrensis Opera 6) (Rolls Ser.) (1868): 130 (Date: A.D. 1157: "Fuerant autem duo nobiles viti, et ejus qui scripsit haec avunculi, cum aliis hue a rege transmissi: Henricus scilicet regis Henrici primi filius, et secundi avunculus, ex nobili Nesta, Resi filii Theodori filia, in australi Kambria Demetiae finibus oriundus; et Robertus Stephani filius, Henrici frater non germanus sed uterinus."), 130, footnote 2 ("The death of Henry, her [Nest's] son by [King] H[enryl I., in this attack on Anglesea, is placed by Brut under 1156, in Ann. Camb. under 1158. By the former he is called Henry son of King Henry; by the latter, Henry son of Girald, or, according to others, son of king Henry. He was the father of the famous Meiler, the great hero of the Irish invasion."). Gilbert Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin 1 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 30-31 (charter of Walter de Ridelisford to St. Mary's Abbey; charter granted with consent of his wife, Amabilis Fitz Henry and witnessed by Meiler Fitz Henry). Orpen Ireland under the Normans 1 (1911): 18 (ped. chart). Jour. Royal Soc. of Antiqs. Ireland 82 (1952): 46-61. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.656. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 298-299 (biog. of Meiler Fitzhenry). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith: i. MAUD (or MATHILDE, MAHAUT) OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 (as his 1st wife) ROTROU II “the Great,” Count of Perche, seigneur of Belleme, son and heir of Geoffroi, Count of Mortagne and Perche, by Beatrix, daughter of Count Hilduin, Count of Montdidier and Roucy. He was born about 1080. Her maritagium likely included the manors of Aldboume and Wanborough, Wiltshire. They had two daughters, Philippe and Felicie. During the 1st Crusade, he fought at the Siege of Nicaea in mid-1097. He commanded a division that broke out of Antioch in June 1098. He crusaded against the Muslims in Spain probably in 1108. In 1114 he aided his father-in-law, King Henry I, at the Siege of Belleme. At the request of his wife, Maud, a hide of land at Wanborough, Wiltshire was given to Lewes Priory. His wife, Maud, was drowned in the shipwreck of the White Ship 25 Dec. 1120. He was Governor of Tudela in Aragon and participated in campaigns in Aragon from 1123 until the mid-1130s. He returned to Perche by 1135. He married (2nd) before 1126 HAWISE OF SALISBURY, daughter of Walter of Salisbury (also known as Walter Fitz Edward), of Chitterne, Wiltshire, Great Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, North Aston, Oxfordshire, etc., hereditary Sheriff of Wiltshire, Constable of Salisbury Castle, by Sibyl, daughter of Patrick de Chaources (or Sourches) [see LONGESPEE 2 for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Geoffroi, Rotrou (III) [Count of Perche], and Etienne [Archbishop-elect of Palermo]. After King Henry I's death in 1135, he and his nephew, Richer de l'Aigle, extorted the castles of Moulins and Bonmoulins as the price for their support for King Stephen. In 1139 he was taken in the English king's pay and defeated the unruly knights of Breteuil. ROTROU II, Count of Perche, died 6 May 1144 at the Siege of the Towe of Rouen, he then being in the service of Empress Maud and her husband, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. His widow, Hawise, married (2nd) (as his 1st wife) ROBERT I, Count of Dreux and Braille [see DREUX 6], and, in right of his 1st wife, Count of Perche, seigneur of Bellème, younger son of Louis VI, King of France, by Alix, daughter of Humbert II, Count of Savoy and Maurienne [see FRANCE 5 for his ancestry]. They had one daughter, Alix (wife successively of Waleran III, seigneur of Breteuil, Guy II, seigneur of Châtillon-sur-Marne, Jean I, seigneur of Torote, Châtellain de Noyon, and Raoul I de Nesle, Count of Soissons). His wife, Hawise, died in 1152. Robert I, Count of Dreux and Braine, died 11 October 1188. Duchesne Histoire Généalogique de la Maison Royale de Dreux (1631): 13-42. Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 74-75 (sub Capetians), 423-425 (sub Comtes de Dreux). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Des Murs Hist. des Comtes du Perche de la Fam. des Rotrou (1856). Herald & Genealogist 3 (1866): 173-176. Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 255 (Genealogiæ Fusniacensis: "Rotaldus comes, prefati comitis filius, duxit filiam regis Anglie, de qua filiam procreavit. "). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 3940 (charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche, dated c.1119; charter witnessed by his sister [soror], Juliane, and her son, Richer), 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe). Money Hist. of the Ancient Town & Borough of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Boulais Receuil des Antiquitéz du Perche (1890). Romanet de Beaune Géographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (1894): 33-35. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 419 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "6 [Obiit] Rotrodos comes."). Lalizel Abbaye Royal d'Arcisses (Archives du Diocèse de Chartres 10) (1900): 3-10 (charters of Rotrou, Count of Perche). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. VCH Wiltshire 9 (1970): 174-186; 12 (1983): 67-86. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Traditio 41(1985): 145-179. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.649. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France (2002). Hollister Henry I (2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Power Norman Frontier in the Twelfth & Early Thirteenth Centuries (2004): 360-361. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Geoffrey Grossus Life of Blessed Bernard of Tiron (2009): 71, footnote 1. Child of Maud (or Mathilde) of England, by Rotrou II of Perche: a. PHILIPPE OF PERCHE, married HELIE OF ANJOU, Count of Maine, younger son of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine. They had one daughter, Beatrix (wife of Jean I, Count of Alençon). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe [assensu generis mei Helie filieque mee Romanet de Beaune Geographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30-31 ("... Helias vero ...comes Cenomannonun factus est, et xx annis adepto consulatu strenue potitis est. Heres quoque soceri sin Gervasii de Castro Lidi factus est, eujus filiam habuit, ex qua filiam nomine Eremburgem genuit, quam domino suo Fulconi, Andegavorum comiti, in matromonium copulavit … Uxor ejus ei filiam, Eremburgem nomine, peperit, quae, nubilibus annis, Fulconi, Andegavorum tunc comiti, nunc Ierosolymorum regi, nupsit et generosam sobolem genuit: Joffredum et Heliam, Mathildem et Sibyllam, quae filiis regum solemniter nupserunt"). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by various mistresses: i. GILBERT FITZ ROY. He was still young and unmarried in 1142. Nothing more is known of him. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 281 286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.660. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. WILLIAM DE TRACY. He died soon after his father. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121 (author states in error that William de Tracy had a daughter and heiress, Grace, wife of John de Sudeley, of Sudeley Castle and Toddington, Gloucestershire). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.659. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). iii. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ENGLAND, married CONAN III, Duke of Brittany [see BRITTANY 3]. iv. JULIANE OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 EUSTACHE DE PACY (or DE BRETEUIL), seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, illegitimate son of Guillaume, seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, by an unknown mistress. They had two sons, Guillaume and Roger, and two daughters. In 1119 he took part in the rebellion against King Henry I, who besieged his wife, Juliane, at Breteuil. She fled to Pacy, and in the autumn of 1119 Eustache and Juliane were pardoned by the king. A few years later she became a nun at Fontevrault. EUSTACHE DE PACY died at the beginning of Lent 1136, Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Depoin Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Saint-Martin de Pontoise (1895): 470-476 (Famille d'Ivry). C.P. 8 (1932): 209-210 (sub Lovel); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X11.648. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 304 (Fitz Osbem ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Norrnandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). v. MABEL OF ENGLAND, married before c.1125 GUILLAUME GOUET (or GORT), seigneur of Montmirail and Alluyes, son and heir of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail, Alluyes, Authon, la Bazoche-Gouet, Brou, and Château-du-Loir, by his wife, Eustachie Crespon. They had one son, Guillaume [seigneur of Montmirail]. He joined his parents and his brothers, Robert and Matthew, in the foundation of the Priory of St. Giles des Chateigniers as a cell of Tiron. In 1114, as William Gouet junior, he was one of the nobles of Thibaut, Count of Chartres, whom the count called to advise him. In 1116, with his father and mother, he gave judgment in a dispute between the abbey of Marmoutier and Gaston de Brou. As "Guillaume Goët le jeune," he witnessed a charter of Guillaume de Mesmerand to the leproserie of Chateaudun c.1120. He succeeded his father before c.1125. He made an agreement c.1125 with the Prior of Saint-Denis de Nogent regarding the churches of Ceton and Saint-Ulphace. He likewise gave c.1125 to the monks of Saint-Denis the church of Unverre that Gaston de Brou gave them and that his mother Eustachie unjustly retained; for which gift he received 10 livres and his wife, Mabel, 100 sous. About 1127 he witnessed a charter of Ives de Courville, by which he quitclaimed his land in Courville to Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. In 1136 he granted various privileges to Tiron Abbey. In 1140 he confirmed the gift of Bois-Ruffin made by Ursion de Meslay. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Guérard Cartulaire de Saint Père de Chartres 2 (1840): 471-476, 483-486, 494-495. Lépinois Histoire de Chartres 1 (1854): /41. Etudes sur le Maine, Noblesse du Maine aux Crusades (1859): 49-50. Charles & Elbenne Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans (1886-1913): Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbve de la Sainte-Trinité di Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cix (arms of Guillaume Goet dated 1139: Mi-parti au 1er d'argent à deux chevrons de sable; au 2e trois chevrons brisés d'or), 24-27, 78-79, 104-106. Merlet Inventaire-sommaire des Archives départementales anterieures (11790: Eure-et-Loir, Archives Ecclésiastiques, Serie H 8 (1897): 161. Souancé & Métais Saint-Denis de Nogent-le-Rotrou 1031-1789: Histoire et Cartulaire (1899): LVII-LIX, 103-104 (charter of Guillaume Gouet junior son of Guillaume Gouet dated c.1125), 104-106 (charter dated c.1125 naming Guillaume [Gouet] junior, son of Eustachie wife of [Guillaume] Gouet, and his wife, Mabel), 164-166. Bulls. de la Societé Dunoise Archeologie, Histoire, Sciences & Arts 10 (1904): 171-188. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.663, XIII.1014. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Child of Mabel of England, by Guillaume Gouet: a. GUILLAUME GOUET, seigneur of Montmirail, married ISABELLE (or ELIZABETH) OF BLOIS, Duchess of Apulia [see DONZY 4]. vi. CONSTANCE OF ENGLAND, married ROSCELIN DE BEAUMONT, Vicomte of Beaumont-en-Maine [see BEAUMONT 3]. vii. ALINE OF ENGLAND, married MATHIEU DE MONTMORENCY, seigneur of Montmorency [see LEICESTER 3 {sic: MONTMORENCY 3}]. v. SIBYL OF ENGLAND, married ALEXANDER I, King of Scots [see SCOTLAND 1.v], younger son of Malcolm III (Ceannmor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for his parentage]. He was born about 1077. They had no issue. By an unknown mistress, he had an illegitimate son, Malcolm. He became King of Scotland in 1107 on the death of his elder brother, Edgar, King of Scots. He and his wife, Sibyl, founded the monastery of Scone in Perthshire in 1113-14. He was also a benefactor to Durham and Dunfermline. He invaded Wales in summer 1114, in cooperation with King Henry I of England. His wife, Sibyl, died suddenly at Loch Tay 12 July 1122. ALEXANDER I, King of Scots, died at Stirling 23 April 1124, and was buried before the great altar at Dunfermline, Fife near his father. Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: “VII. Kal. Mali [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "VI. Id. Jul. [10 July] Ob. Sibilla Regina Scottorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Turnbull Extracta E Variis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 68 (Extracts ex Cronicis Scocie sub A.D. 1122: "Sibilla, illustris regine Scocie, uxor regis Alexandri, filia Henrici Beuclerk regis Anglie, apud Lochtay cellam canonicorum de Scona obiit anno Domini Moc.xxij"). Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis 2 (1849): 78 (sub A.D. 1123: "Alexander rex Scottorum, VII. kal. Maii [25 April], obiit."). Liber Ecclesie de Scone (1863): 1-3 (charter of Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl; charter witnessed by his nephew [nepos], Alexander, and by William, brother of the queen [frater regine]). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 3 (sub Kings of Scotland). Lawrie Early Scottish Charters prior to A.D. 1153 (1905): 28-30 (charter to Scone Priory dated c.1120 issued by Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl, "filia Henrici Regis Angliae"), 262. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 50-57. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.655, XIII.205. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 57. Duncan Kingship of the Scots 842-1292 (2002). Barrow Kingdom of the Scots (2003): 1541-56. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Oram David I: The King Who Made Scotland (2004). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 313 (Scotland ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I, by Isabel of Meulan, daughter of Robert of Meulan (or de Beaumont), Count of Meulan, by Isabel (or Elizabeth), daughter of Hugues le Grand Count of Crepy [see VERMANDOIS 5 for her ancestry]. Isabel de Meulan married (1st) Gilbert Fitz Gilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 6 Jan. 1147/8) [see PEMBROKE 3] and (2nd) Ralph Bluet, of Silchester, Hampshire and Lacock, Wiltshire (living 1167) [see PEMBROKE 3]. She was allegedly living in 1172. i. ISABEL OF ENGLAND. She and her mother, Countess Isabel, witnessed two undated charters of her half-brother, Richard Fitz Gilbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Her subsequent history is unknown. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 10 (1855): 261-263 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to the monks of Usk; charter witnessed by Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter, Ralph Bloet, and Walter Bloet). C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 361 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Gilbert to Goldcliff Priory; charter witnessed by Isabel the earl's mother and Isabel his sister). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-102 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke) ("Actually there is no reasonable doubt that Isabel [de Meulan]s daughter bore her mother's name, lived with her after the elder Isabel's marriage, and continued to do so after her step-father's death. For the first two witnesses to the 2nd Earl of Pembroke's charter for Usk are the Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter; and in the charter for Goldcliff Priory the first two witnesses are Isabel the Earl's mother and Isabel the Earl's sister. There is no evidence that she ever married."); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.657. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Alleged but unlikely daughter of King Henry I: i. EMMA OF ENGLAND, married GUY DE LAVAL, seigneur of Laval. Hollister Henry 1(2001): 228 ("Bertrand de Brousillon, La Maison de Laval, 1: 79: 'on pretend meme que l’abbaye de Clermont aurait conserve longtemps une tombe sur laquelle on lisait EMMA ANGLORUM REGIS FILIA DOMINAQUE LAVALLENSIS.' The author dismisses this tradition on the grounds that Robert of Torigny omits 'Emma' from his list of Henry's daughters, but the list is by no means complete. Emma is absent from the list of Henry I's illegitimate daughters in CP, 11, app. D, pp. 112-121.").”	of Anjou, Maud or Mathilde (I6388)
6044	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY nicknamed “Beauclerc,” King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Cotentin, 4th son, born in 1068 or 1069. He married (1st) 11 Nov. 1100 MAUD OF SCOTLAND, daughter of Malcolm III (CeannMor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for her parentage]. She was born in 1079. They had one son, William, and one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, died at Westminster 1 May 1118. He married (2nd) at Windsor, Berkshire 29 Jan. 1121 ALICE (or AELIZ, ALEIDE, ALEYDA, AELIDIS, ADELIDE, ADELIDIS, ADELAIDIS, ADELIZA, ADELIZE, ATHELICE) OF LOUVAIN, daughter of Gottfried (or Godefroy) I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Louvain, by his 1st wife, Ida, daughter of Otto II, Count of Chiny. She was born about 1103. They had no issue. By various mistresses, he had eight illegitimate sons, Robert [Earl of Gloucester], Richard, Fulk, Reynold [Earl of Cornwall], Robert, Gilbert, William de Tracy, and Henry, and nine illegitimate daughters, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Rotrou II, Count of Perche), Alice, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Conan III, Duke of Brittany), Juliane (wife of Eustache de Pacy, seigneur of Breteuil and Pacy), Mabel (wife of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail), Constance (wife of Roscelin de Beaumont), Aline (wife of Mathieu de Montmorency), Sibyl (wife of Alexander I, King of Scots), and Isabel.* HENRY I, King of England died at Lyons-la-Forêt (near Rouen), Normandy 1 Dec. 1135, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. His widow, Alice, married (2nd) after Dec. 1136 but later than summer 1139 WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, Earl of Lincoln, afterwards 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), hereditary Chief Butler of England, Privy Councillor to King Henry I [see CLIFTON 3]. They had four sons, William [2nd Earl of Arundel or Sussex], Reiner, Henry, and Godfrey, and two daughters, Alice (wife of Jean I, Count of Eu and Alvred de Saint Martin) and Olive. He was a witness to King Stephen's 2nd Charter of Liberties in 1136. He was created Earl of Lincoln c.1138. He gave shelter to Empress Maud at Arundel Castle in 1139, but afterwards adhered to King Stephen. His earldom was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex before Christmas 1141. In his own later charters he is styled Earl of Chichester. About 1145 he witnessed a charter of Henry Hussey as "Consul Willelmo de Cicesterr." His wife, Alice, presented to the prebend of West Dean in 1150. Alice, dowager Queen of England, died as a nun at Affligem Abbey in Brabant 25 (or 26) March 1151, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. He was influential in arranging the treaty of 1153, whereby the Crown continued with King Stephen for life, though the inheritance thereof was secured to Henry II. He subscribed his name to this instrument as "Comes Cicestrie." By grant dated c.1155, King Henry II confirmed to him as "William, Earl of Arundel" the Castle of Arundel, with the whole honour of Arundel and all its appurtenances. He served as Joint Ambassador to France and to the Pope in 1163/4. He served as Chief Ambassador with Princess Maud to Germany in 1168. He was appointed joint Commander of the royal army in Normandy in 1173. In Sept. 1173 he assisted in the defeat near Bury St. Edmunds of the Earl of Leicester. He founded Buckenham Abbey, Norfolk and Pynharn Priory, Sussex. WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), died at Waverley Abbey, Surrey 4 (or 12) October 1176, and was buried at Wymondham Priory, Norfolk. [Footnote *: In 1824 the Scottish historian Chalmers stated that King Henry I of England had an illegitimate daughter, Elizabeth, who married Fergus, lord of Galloway (died 1161). [see Chalmers Caledonia 3 (1824): 250, footnote k ("Fergus [lord of Galloway] ... was a prince of some note, even at the court of Henry I. of England, is certain : as he took to wife, according to the heralds, genealogists, and chroniclers, Elizabeth, the natural daughter of Henry I.")]. Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway), however, debunked Chalmers' statement, noting that the authorities quoted by Chalmers "do not bear out his assertion." Even so, other secondary sources have continued to repeat Chalmers' unfounded claim: See, for example, Mackenzie History of Galloway (1841): 167-172 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England"); Anderson Scottish Nation 2 (1862): 195 ("Fergus, lord of Galloway ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England ..."); M'Kerlie Galloway in Ancient & Modern Times (1891): 155 ("It is necessary to repeat here that Fergus married Elizabeth, the natural daughter of King Henry I. of England."); Maxwell Hist. of Dumfries & Galloway (1896): 47-48 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, natural daughter of Henry I., and sister of Sibilla, who married Alexander I., brother of David."); Ramsay Angevin Empire (1903): 90, footnote 7 ("Gunfrith [i.e., Godred] was son of Olaf, by Afreca, daughter of Fergus of Galloway, by 'Elisabeth,' reputed natural daughter of Henry I."); Oram Lordship of Galloway (2000): 60; Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Barrow Robert Bruce (1965): 36, footnote 2 notes that "Roger Howden calls Uchtred son of Fergus of Galloway a cousin of King Henry II (Gesta Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Ser., i, 80)," a relationship which Professor Barrow states "is best explained on the supposition that Fergus married a bastard daughter of Henry I." However, given that King Henry II of England had a Scottish grandmother, a more likely explanation of the kinship between the Galloway and English royal families is that the wife of Fergus was near related to the Scottish royal family, possibly being a sister of William Fitz Duncan, whose grandfather was Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots [died 1093]. This arrangement would make Uchtred son of Fergus and King Henry II of England related in the 3rd degree of kindred (or second cousins).] D'Achery Spicilegium 10 (1671): 612-613 (Continuatio Chronici Afflegemiensis: "Filia præfati Ducis Aleidis juncta matrimonio Regi Angliæ, post obitum secundi con jugis Afflegemiensis Claustri solitudinem ad reliquum vitæ ad humandum corpus elegit in domo turti Ecclesiæ contigua, cum una aut akera ancilla in Fratrum Afflegemiensiurn quieta taciturna multitudine solitaria habitavit, & beato fine quievit, de qua epitaphium: Aleidis Regina Anglim, filia Ducis Godefridi cum barba, Regnum suscepit in Anglia an MCXXI. obiit 9 Kal. Maii [23 April], sepulta è regione horologii nostri."). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 30 (Kalendar of Obits: "IIII Non. December [2 December]. Obitus Henrici Regis."). Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 32-34. Morice Mémoires pour servir de Preuves à l'Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne 1 (1742): 130 (Extract of Cronicle of Robert, Abbot of Mont Saint Michel: "Anno 1135. Obiit Henricus I. Rex Anglorum in prima die Decembris, cum regnasset annis 35. & 4 mensibus."). Brequigny & Mouchet Table Chronologique des Diplômes, Chartes, Titres ... concernant l’Histoire de France 3 (1783): 236 (charter dated c.1155 of Alice Queen of the English [Adelaidis reginæ Anglorum]). Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: Kal. Maii [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 218 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "IV. Non. Dec. [2 December] Ob Henricus Rex Anglorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Norrnands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXI)). Tierney Hist. & Antiqs. of the Castle & Town of Arundel 1 (1834): 169-179. Michel Histoire des Ducs de Normandie et des Rois D'Angleterre (1840): 69 ("Li rois Henrie, quant la roine Mehaus fu morte, prist à feme Aalis, la fille Godefroi le duc de Louvaing, la cousine Wistasse [Eustace] de Bouloigne; mais n'en ot nul enfant. Si ot-il de bas .vj. Ills et .vij. fines"). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 135-211 (biog. of Matilda of Scotland), 212-256 (biog. of Adelicia of Louvaine). Barrett Memorials of the parochial Church ... in the Parish of Attleborough (1848): 12-41. Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis 2 (1849): 74 (Maud [of Blois], Countess of Chester, styled "niece" to King Henry I of England [neptis regis1). Ordericus Vitalis Ecclesiastical Hist. of England & Normandy 3 (1854): 482 (Roger Fitz Roger and Walter d'Aufay [Aufai] styled "cousins" to King Henry I at Battle of Bremule in 1119 by Ordericus Vitalis). Arch. Journal 20 (1863): 283 ("Adeliza appears to have used the identical matrux of the seal which had belonged to the first queen of Henry I., the name-Aalidis-having been substituted for Matli[Idis), 287-288 (charter of Queen Alice [Aelidis regina] ... There is appended ... a pointed oval seal of white wax .... device, a female figure standing ... The legend is + SIGILLVM • AALIDIS • SECVND[AE • DE]I • GRACIA • REGINAE • ANGLIE.), 288-289 (charter of Queen Alice [A. Dei gracia Regina]); 22 (1865): 152-153 (charter of William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Lincoln; charter names Queen Alice his wife [regina Adelidis]). Sussex Arch. Colls. 15 (1863): 112-113. Luard Annales Monastici 1 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1864): 14 (Margam Annals sub 1151: "Obiit Adelidis, regina secunda Henrici regis."); 3 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1866): 433 (Bermondsey Annals sub A.D. 1121: "Hoc anno rex Henricus primus duxit Adelizam, filiam ducis Lovaniae, in uxorem, tertio nonas Februarii [3 February]."). Burke Gen. Hist, of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited & Extinct Peerages (1866): 2-3 (sub Albini, Earls of Arundel). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. (1867): 21-33 ("In the Register of the Priory of Bromhale, we find the record of his death under the date of the 4th day of October, 22nd of Henry II (A.D. 1176), in the following words, `obiit Willielmus Comes Arundel' (no mention of Sussex or Chichester), et `sepultus est in prioratus de Wymondham.’"). Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptorum 20 (1868): 67 (Orderic Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, Liber X: Roger Fitz Richard [de Clare) styled "kinsman" [cognatus) of King Henry I of England). Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104-108 (discusses evidence that King Henry I had an illegitimate daughter, Maud (or Mathilde)/Almodis, who was Abbess of Montivilliers). Ellis Antiqs. of Heraldry (1869): 206-207 (Aubigny ped.). Lower Compendious Hist. of Sussex 1 (1870): 70 (Robert de Haia, founder of Boxgrove Priory, styled "king's kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry I). Delisle Delisle Chronique de Robert de Tongni 1 (1872): 215 (sub A.D. 1139: "Invitarerat enim eos Willermus de Albinneio, qui duxerat Aeliz quondam reginam, quæ habebat castellum et comitatum Hardundel, quod rex Henricus dederat ei in dote."); 2 (1873): 63-64 ("Cessit etiam in fata Willermus de Albineio, quem vocabant comitem d'Arundel, relinquens filios quatuor, scilicet Guillermum de Albineio pritnogenitum, et alios tres natos ex Aeliza regina, uxore primi Henrici regis Anglorum."). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1874): 298 (sub 1176: "comes etiam Willelmus de Arundel obiit quarto idus Octobris [12 October] apud Waverle, et sepultus eat apud Wimundham, cellam scilicet ecclesiæ Sancti Albani, cujus cellæ patronus fuisse dinoscitur."). Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Obiit autem Matildis regina Anglia anno regni sui xviiio, kalendis Maii [1 May], et apud Radingas sepulta est."). Merlet Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cviii (arms of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy dated 1115: D'argent au cavalier d'azur). D.N.B. 1 (1885): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1(1886): 66 (sub Arundel). Raine Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1886): 169 (History of the Four Archbishops by Hugh the Chantor - King Henry I and Pope Calixtus II were kinsmen: "Nam præter spiritualem patris et filii relationem, carnali consanguinitate propinqui erant, quorum avus et avia frater et soror fuerunt." (Note: Pope Calixtus II was a younger son of William I, Count of Burgundy, whose mother Alice was daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 5-8 (seal of King Henry I - Obverse. King, seated in majesty, in an undercoat with sleeves tight at wrists, and loose skirts reaching below knees; and long flowing cloak fastened at throat and spreading out behind, which has a border, with indications of a fur of symmetrical pattern. On the head a cap-shaped crown, with three fleurs-de-lis, one at top and one at either side, and two chin-straps hanging loosely at sides, the ends having buckles in shape of trefoils. In right hand, extended outwards from elbow, a sword is held almost perpendicularly. In left hand, similarly extended, an orb, ensigned with a long cross pattee pommettee. Throne, apparently square, and closely resembling that of William II.; the centre curves with a bold cusp inwards, with a string-course, and is the narrowest part. In lower of two compartments thus made, is a footboard, not enough remaining to show original size. On throne a flat cushion with square edge, carrying at each end a hemispherical ornament, intended for pillow. Reverse. King, hauberk of chain-mail; conical helmet, having a blunt point at crown of head, and perhaps armed with projecting nose-piece; single pointed spur of goad form; long lance to which is attached a banner, charged with cross moline, and three pairs of waving streamers. No indication of sword. In left hand, held by interior strap, a kite-shaped shield, seen from within. The horse is walking to the right hand, caparisoned with breast-band, which is ornamented by five globular pendants equi-distant. Saddle of small dimensions; with stirrups. The loosely gathered reins are held up in left hand, which also sustains shield. Legend: + HENRIC' D... ... ...). Round "An Unknown Mistress of Henry I." in Eng. Hist. Rev. 5 (1890): 745-746. Luard Flores Historiarum 2 ((Rolls Ser.) 1890): 69 ("Anno gratix MCLIo [1151]. Obiit Adelicia regina, uxor regis Stephani;" the editor notes that the name "Stephani" is erased in Ch. and altered to "Henrici I."). Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (Docs. sur la Province du Perche 3rd Ser. 2) (1894): 40-43. Recueil des Historiens des Castles et de la France 23 (1894): 471 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: "25 Mart. Obiit Adelicia regina."), 476 (Ex Necrologio Monasterii Crucis Sancti Leufredi: "25 Mart. [Obiit] Adeliza, regina Anglorum."), 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Mali. [Obiit] Matildis, regina Anglorum."), 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "12 Oct. [Obiit] Guillelmus, comes de Arundel."), 581 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Dec. [Obiit] Henricus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum."). Napier & Stevenson Crawford Coll. of early Charters & Docs. now in the Bodleian library (1895): 31 (William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Chichester dated c.1150; charter names his wife, Queen Alice [regina Adelide]). Bradshaw Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral Pt. 2 (1897): (obits. in the odd volume of the great Latin Bible), ccxxxviii (2 May - "Matildis regina uxor Henrici regis."), ccxlii (2 Dec. - "Henricus, pacificus rex Anglorum."). Trans. East Herts Arch. Soc. 1(1) (1901): 129-135 (charter of Queen Alice widow of King Henry I dated 1136 [Adelidis regina uxor nobillisimi regis Henrici & filia Godefridi ducis lotharingie]. C.C.R. 1227-1231 (1902): 530 (confirmation of gift of Alice, formerly Queen of England). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 316 (Abbaye de Saint-Denis: "kal. Maius [1 May] Ob. Matildis, Anglorum regina [1118]."), 523 (Prieure de Longpont: "kaL maii. [1 May] [obit.] Maltidis, Anglorum regina [1118]."). Warner & Ellis Facsimiles of Royal & Other Charters in the British Museum 1 (1903): #14 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Lincoln dated c.1139-40; charter names his wife, Queen Adeleidis), #27 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Chichester dated 1151-2; charter names his wife, Queen Athelice). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 1-2 (sub Kings of Scotland). Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 25-34. Eng. Hist. Rev. 21(1906): 505-509. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 2 (1906): 241 (Obituaire of Prieure de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan: "Henricus, rex Anglorum, frater noster, III nonas decembris [3 Dec.] [1135]."), 661 (Nécrologe of Abbaye de Saint-Jean-en-Vallée: 12 Dec.] IIII non. Obiit Henricus, Anglorum rex [1135], ecclesiarum amator praecipuus."). Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway) ("[Fergus, lord of Galloway] is said to have married Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of King Henry I. of England, but the authorities quoted by Chalmers, who makes the statement, do not bear out his assertion."). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Urseau Cartulaire Moir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (1908): 167-168 (charter of King Henry I dated c.1111=20). Gomme Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1909): 217 (sub A.D. 1100: Maud of Scotland, 1st wife of King Henry I, styled "kinswoman to king Edward [the Confessor] and of the true royal race of England."), 239-240 (sub A.D. 1127: Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone], Abbot of Saint-Jean of Angély (in Poitou), afterwards Abbot of Peterborough styled "kinsman" [mæi] of [Henry I] King of England and [Guillaume] Count of Poitou) [see also Earle and Plummer Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel 1 (1892): 257; English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-5601. CP. 1 (1910): 233-235, 237 (chart) (sub Arundel); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Round King's Serjeants & Officers of State (1911): 140-165. English Hist. Rev. 34 (1919): 303-382. Farrer Outline Itinerary of King Henry 1 (1920). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) XI 112. Rübel-Blass (1939) 257 (biographical information). G.H. White "Henry I's Illegitimate Children," in C.P. 11 (1949), Appendix D, 105-121. Leys Sandford Cartulary 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 22) (1941): 216. Johnson et al. Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066-1154 2 (1956): 148 (John [son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent], a royal chaplain, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of King Henry I of England in charter dated 1117-19). C.R.R. 12 (1957): 157-158 (Sibyl de Falaise, wife of Baldwin de Bolers, styled "kinswoman" [nepte] of King Henry I of England). Stenton First Century of English Feudalism, 1066-1166 (1961). Davis King Stephen (1967): 137 ("[King] Stephen recognized three successive earls of Lincoln ... The first was William d'Aubigny pincerna who married Queen Adeliza, widow of King Henry I, and in her right became lord of the honour and castle of Arundel. He styles himself William Earl of Lincoln in three charters in which his identity is proved by references to his wife. They are in favour of Lewes Priory and the abbeys of Reading and Affligem-and in the case of Affligem there is also a charter of Adeliza referring to her husband as earl of Lincoln (Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville 3245; Warner and Ellis, Facsimiles, no. 14; E. de Marneffe, Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Affligem in Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclesiastique de la Belgique, 2o section, pp. 104,106). In royal charters it is usually impossible to distinguish him from his successor, William de Roumare, since the normal style of both was Willelmus comes de Lincolnia, or (before he was an earl) from his father, William d'Aubignypincerna, who died before June 1139 (Reg. iii. 973). If Robert de Torigny is right (Chronicles iv. 137) William had married Adeliza by September 1139, and it is tempting to assume that it was on his marriage that he was made earl of Lincoln, his connection with that county being that his mother, Maud Bigod, was a grand-daughter, and possible co-heiress, of Robert de Tosny of Belvoir. We do not know precisely when he was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex, but it was certainly by Christmas 1141 when he attested a charter as Comite Willelmo de Sudsexa (Reg. iii. 276)."). Chibnall Ecclesiastical Hist. of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80): 317 (Vol. VI, Book XII - Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone] styled "kinsman" [cognato] of King Henry I of England) [see English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-560]. Albion 10 (1978): 330-340. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 95 (sub Hainault, Brabant); 2 (1984): 81 (sub England); 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Chibnall Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166 (1986). Green Government of England under Henry 1(1986). Hollister Monarchy, Magnates, & Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World (1986). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 1 (Camden Soc. 4th Ser. 31) (1986): 301, 369, 476. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.1.423, XII.371, X11.644-X11.645, XIII.207. Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 136 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "7 Kal. [Apr.] [26 March]. Obiit Atheliza regina."), 130 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit Rex Anglorum Henricus primus."), 146 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit rex Anglorum Henricus i."). Haskins Soc. Jour. 7 (1995): 101-116. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35, 57. Scottish Hirt. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I Pt 2 (List and Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 143 (confirmation c. 1172/81 of grant made by Queen Adela) (original published in Jour. of British Architetural Assoc. 17: 312). Scottish Hist. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Harper-Bill Anglo-Norman Studies XXI (1999): 145-168. Bartlett England under the Norman & Angevin Kings 1075-1225 (2000). Hollister Henry 1(2001). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.), 313 (Scotland ped.). Weller Die Heiratspolitik des deutschen Hochadels im 12. Jahrhundert (2004): 464-4.76 (biog. of Königin Adelheid von England) ("On page 476, Weller states: "Seine Gattin Adelheid von Lowen, die ehemalige Konigin von England, war schon 1151 wahrend des Bürgerkrieges verschieden und wurde in Reading beigesetzt ... Der Begräbnisort Kgn. Adelheids geht aus einem Schreiben Jocelins v. Löwen an Bf. Hilarius v. Chichester eindeutig hervor, vgl. Reading Abbey Cartularies 1, No. 551, 416E; s.a. Bartlett, England 596. Nicht stichhaltig ist demgegeniiber die van Sanderus, Chorographia 1, 45, verbreitete Nachricht, wonach Adelheid vor ihrem Tod in ihre Heimat übergesiedelt und im Kloster Afflighem gestoren and begraben sei; heirnach auch John Horace Round in dem Art.: Adeliza of Louvain, in DNB 1(1885): 137f.; Complete Peerage 1, 235. Allerdings ist Kgn. Adelheid als Wohltäterin von Afflighem aufgetreten unde hat dem Kloster einigen Besitz in England gestiftet; vgl. Cart. Afflighem, No. 79, 121-124 (hier 122)."). Verbeke Medieval Narrative Sources (2005): 21-36. Fleming Henry I & the Anglo-Norman World: Studies in Memory of C. Warren Hollister (2006). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006). Children of King Henry I of England, by Maud of Scotland: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, son and heir apparent, born in 1103. As his father's destined successor, he received the homage of the Normans barons in 1115, and that of the English witan in 1116. He married at Lisieux in May 1119 MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ANJOU, daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou. He was with his father at the Battle of Bremule in 1119. Early in 1120 King Louis of France invested him with the duchy of Normandy. He was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 160 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1120: "Willelmus filius Henrici Regis, & Ricardus frater ejus & Ricardus Comes de Cestria cum multis Nobilibus naufragio perierunt.”). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. D.N.B. 21(1909): 337 (biog. of William, son of Henry I, King of England). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 81 (sub England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.644. Caenegem English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I 1 (Selden Soc. 106) (1990): 180-181, 192-193, 213-214. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.). ii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, married (1st) HEINRICH V, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor; (2nd) GEOFFREY V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy [see next]. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by an unknown mistress, (possibly a member of the Bohun family): i. ROBERT FITZ ROY, Earl of Gloucester, married MABEL FITZ ROBERT [see GLOUCESTER 3]. Illegitimate sons of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Ansfride, widow of Anskill, a knight who was a tenant of Abingdon Abbey: i. RICHARD FITZ ROY, born before 1101. He served against the French in 1119, and was captured at Les Andelys. He was set free with his comrades by King Louis, because they had taken sanctuary in the church of Notre Dame du Grand Andely. Later the same year he was with his father at the Siege of Evreux and the Battle of Brémule. In Sept. 1119 he was sent to raise the Siege at Bréteuil. He was betrothed to Amice de Gael, daughter of Raoul, seigneur of Gael in Brittany and Bréteuil in Normandy. He was drowned immediately afterwards in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Amice subsequently married Robert of Meulan, 1st Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 6]. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Alium quoque habuit filium Ricardum, et cessavit parere... Navis enim infausta qun regis gestabat filios Willelrnum et Ricardum, submersa est, periitque in scopulis Barbefluvii."). C.P. 7 (1929): 527-530 (sub Leicester); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.646. Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni 2 (1992): 248-249 (Robert de Torigny: "Ricardus autem, huius comitis uno de patre frater, cum fratre suo Willelmo in sepedicto naufiagio periit."). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. FULK FITZ ROY. Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(II.647. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Sibyl Corbet: i. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall, Sheriff of Devon, 1173-5. He married in 1140 MABEL FITZ WILLIAM, daughter of William Fitz Richard, of Cornwall. They had one son, Nicholas, and four daughters, Denise (wife of Richard de Redvers, Earl of Devon), Maud, Sarah (wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges), and Emme (wife of Guy V de Laval, seigneur of Laval). By a mistress, Beatrice de Valle (or Vaux) (afterwards wife of William Briwerre, Knt.), he had an illegitimate son, Henry Fitz Count. By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, William. He was granted the lands of William, Earl of Mortain, amounting to 215-1/2 fees in Devon and Cornwall. He was created Earl of Cornwall about April 1141. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, were recognized by contemporaries as "the most powerful men in the kingdom." His wife, Mabel, fell into insanity in the 1140s. He witnessed a charter of Henry d'Oilly in the period, 1114-47. In 1153 he witnessed the agreement between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy [afterwards King Henry II]. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, acted as intermediary between the king and Thomas Becket at Northampton in 1164. He played a major part in opposing the rebels of 1173-4 in England. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall died 1 July 1175, allegedly at Chertsey, Surrey, and was buried at Reading, Berkshire. Dugdale Baronage (1675): 702 (sub Briwere) ("[William Briwere] having married Beatrix de Valle, a Concubine, as 'tis said, to Reginald Earl of Cornwall (which is probable, for in a Grant made by Henry Son to the same Reginald [Earl of Cornwall], unto this William [Briwere], of the Mannor of Karswell, and Land of Hakford, he calls him his Brother")) [Note: Dugdale evidently intended to say that Henry Fitz Count's brother was William Briwere the younger, as it was William Briwere the elder was the husband of his mother, Beatrice de Valle]. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 6, 98 (undated charter of Reynold son of King Henry to William de Botreaux son of Alice Corbet his aunt [matertera]; charter witnessed by his son, Nicholas; his nephews/kinsmen [nepotibus], Ralph and Richard, and his brother, William), 112. Topographer 2 (1790): 288-291. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 2 (1836 11): 239-240 (Bruere or Briwere ped.). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 163 ("Deditque ibidem Hereberto filio Hereberti, et Willelmo fratri comitis Reginaldi, et Joelllano de la Pumerai, nepoti eorum, regnum be Limeric pro servitio sexaginta militum"), 172 ("Nam Herbertus, et Willelmus, fratres Reginaldi comitis Cornubiae, et Joellanus de Purnetia nepos eorum, regnum illud havere noluerunt; sed illud reddiderunt domino regi et Johanni filio suo liberum et quietum ab omni calurnnia eorum"). Le Fizelier Mémoire chronologique de Maucourt de Bourjolly sur la Ville de Laval 1 (1886): 136-142. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-253 (William brother of Earl Reynold [Willelmus frater Comitis Reginaldi] held 1/2 knight's fee of Robert Fitz Roy in 1166), 261-262 (William brother of the Earl [Willelmus frater Comitis] held four knight's fees Reynold, Earl of Cornwall in 1166). Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 455-456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 34. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 75. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Colls. Hist. Staffs. 1924 (1926): 9, 219. English Hist. Rev. 62 (1947): 352-377 (charter of William de Marsh brother of Reynold Earl of Cornwall [Willelmus de Marisco frater Reginaldi comitis Cornubie]). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II], later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Minor & Butler eds. Letters of John of Salisbury 1 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1955): 162-163. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987): 9-10 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1154-65), 10-11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1146-55), 11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 195-196 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1165-75, witnessed by his son, Nicholas), 196-197 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 197-198 (two confirmation charters of King Henry II of England naming his "uncle" [avunculus] Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, one dated c.1174-5, the other dated c.1174-6). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(11.651, X111.996-1000. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Hollister Henry 1(2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart).Cornwall Rec. Office: Borough of Truro, BTRU/1 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1161-66) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, by Mabel Fitz William: a. MAUD OF CORNWALL, married ROBERT II, Count of Meulan [see VERMANDOIS 7]. Illegitimate child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, allegedly by Beatrice de Valle: a. HENRY FITZ COUNT, of Liskeard, Cornwall and King's Kerswell, Devon, Constable of Totnes Castle, 1209, Governor of Portchester Castle, 1211, Sheriff of Cornwall, 1215, 1217-20, Constable of Launceston Castle and Warden of the Stanneries, 1215. In 1194 he was granted the manors of Liskeard, Cornwall and Diptford and King's Kerswell, Devon by the king. In 1196 he witnessed the Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by his alleged step-father, Sir William Briwerre. In 1215 he had a grant of the county of Cornwall from King John, to farm until the realm should be at peace. The grant was renewed by King Henry III 7 Feb. 1216/7. He resigned the county to the king in 1220, when he took the cross. HENRY FITZ COUNT died a crusader in 1222. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Hunter Catalogue of the MSS in the library of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn (1838): 13. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(2) (1846): 924 (Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by William Briwer). Oliver Monasticon Dioecesis Exoniensis (1846): 174 (charter of Henry son of Reynold Earl of Cornwall; charter granted for the souls of his brothers and his mother), 179, 183. Trans. Exeter Diocesan Architectural & Arch. Soc. 2nd Ser. 1 (1867): 133-134. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 31(1870): 5. Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 21. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 9 (1902): 295-296 ("But Reginald de Dunstanville [i.e., Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall] had also by Beatrix de Valle (who afterwards became the wife of William Brewer, the judge of Henry II. and one of the regents of Richard I.) an illegitimate son named Henry FitzCount (sometimes FitzHenry), who became in after years also Earl of Cornwall."). Genealogist n.s. 20 (1904): 10-11. C.P. 3 (1913): 430 (sub Cornwall). Painter Reign of King John (1949): 231, 290, 348, 358-359. Hobbs Cartulary of Forde Abbey (Somerset Rec. Soc. 85) (1998): 116 (charter of Henry Fitz Count dated 1200-22; charter witnessed by William Brewer). North Devon Rec. Office: Chichester of Arlington, 50/11/29/3 (confirmation of a gift of land dated early 13th Cent. from Henry son of Earl Reginald to William de Tracy of all his land of Wollecombe [in Mortehoe] and Boklande, Devon, which William and his ancestors held of Henry and his ancestors, lords of Bradneys, as the charter of Hugh Ruffus testifies. To have and to hold to the aforesaid William, his heirs and assigns, of Henry and his heirs for ever, rendering all due and customary services. Seal of Henry son of Earl Reginald - Round, natural wax, armorial, surrounded by legend giving name of owner, chipped. The arms on shield resemble those of Courtenay family, but the Courtenays did not become Earls till 14th Cent.) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Henry III Fine Rolls Project (Baldekin styled "kinsman" of H[enry] Fitz Count in a fine roll item dated 1220; by whom he was earlier granted lands in Cornwall formerly held by Robert de Tintagel) (available at www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_015.html). Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith, daughter of Forne son of Sigulf, lord of Greystoke, Cumberland. Edith subsequently married ROBERT D'OILLY, of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, Constable of Oxford Castle. They had two sons, Henry and Gilbert. He and his wife, Edith, founded Oseney Priory near Oxford in 1129. Robert d'Oilly died in Sept. 1142. Sometime in the period, c.1145-56, his widow, Edith, granted a toft in Huggate and 68-1/2 acres in the fields there to the poor of the Hospital of St. Peter, York. Leys Sandford Cartulary 1 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 19) (1938): 50 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith), 92 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated before June 1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith, and his son, Henry). Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 505-508, 510 (charter of Edith wife of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1145-56), 510-511 (charter of Henry d'Oilly dated c.1145-56; charter witnessed by his wife, Maud), 518-519. Hedley Northumberland Fares. (1968): 233. i. ROBERT FITZ ROY. He held land in Devonshire in 1130. He witnessed a charter of his step-father, Robert d'Oilly, in the period, ?1130-35. He supported his half-sister, Empress Maud, in the Civil War. In the period, 1144-7, he witnessed a charter of his half-brother, Henry d'Oilly. In 1146-7 he witnessed a charter of Empress Maud and her son, Henry. About 1150 he granted 10 pounds of land in his manor of Wantage, Berkshire to the church of Oseney, with the counsel of Henry d'Oilly his half-brother. Sometime in the period, 1153-67, he witnessed a charter of Wigan of Wallingford. He married before 1162 MAUD D'AVRANCHES, widow of William de Courcy (or ?Geoffrey de Crimes?), and daughter of Robert d'Avranches, by ___, daughter of Gelduin de Dol. They had one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, was heiress of Richard Fitz Baldwin. In 1162 he granted St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter two ferlings of land in his manor of Calvalegie juxta Cobbalegiam, together with a man named Edwium son of Wranhi; charter was granted with with the consent of his wife, Maud d'Avranches. ROBERT FITZ ROY died 31 May 1172. His widow, Maud, died 21 Sept. 1173. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farms of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Coll. Top. et Gen. 1 (1834): 188 ("C. Rob[er]ti filii Henrici Regis per concessionem Mathildis, filiz Roberti de Avrenchis et heredis Ricardi filii Baldewini, dans totam vincam quam Rob'tus fil. Baldewini et Ricardus fester ejus Eccl. S.N. dederunt."), 382 (charter dated 1162 of Robert son of King Henry, granted with consent of Maud d'Avranches his wife [Robertus filius Regis Henrici, assensu Matillidis de Abrinco uxoris meae to St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter). Dugdale Monasticon Anglican = 5 (1846): 377-382 (Ford Abbey, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia: "Obijt denique vir ejus secundus, dominus Robertus filius regis Henrici anno Domini M.clxxii. pridie calendas Junii [31 May], et post ipsum vicecomitissa Matildis, itaque de Aubrincis ut prius nuncupata, undecimo calendas Octobris [21 Sept.] anno Domini M.clxxiii. et regni regis Henrici secundi 19."); 6(1) (1830): 253 (charter of Robert son of King Henry [Robertus Henrici regis filius]; charter names his [half-]brother [fratris], Henry d'Oilly). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Priory of Hexham 1 (Surtees Soc. 64) (1864): 138 (Chronicle of John, Prior of Hexham: "Emissi sunt autem ducenti milites cum Rodberto, filio Edae et Henrici Regis notho, et Johanne Marascaldo ...."). Freeman Reign of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 723. Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): 374 (charter of Robert son of King Henry dated c.1150). Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 3 (1881): 1-3. Maitland Bracton's Note Book 2 (1887): 137-138 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that he was the son of Hawise, the first born daughter of Maud d'Avranches; Hawise's sister, Maud de Courtenay, who was the plaintiff in the lawsuit, in turn testified that the said Hawise was the daughter of Geoffrey de Crimes (or Crunes, Cruues), the 1st husband of Maud d'Avranches), 404-405; 3 (1887): 450-452 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that his mother, Hawise, was the daughter of William de Curcy, husband of Maud d'Avranches). Notes & Gleanings 2 (1889): 50-56. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-254 (list of knights fees held by Robert Fitz Roy in 1166). Note-book of Tristram Risdon (1897): 53-56. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 73, 75, 101-102. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Seversmith Colonial Fams. of Long Island New York & Connecticut 5 (1958): 2426-2428. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.650, XIII.995. Reedy Basset Charters c.1120 to 1250 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 50) (1995): 25-26 (charter dated 1146-7 of Empress Maud daughter of King Henry I and her son, Henry; charter witnessed by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and Robert Fitz Roy). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Fizzard Plympton Priory (2008): 62, footnote 26. Child of Robert Fitz Roy, by Maud d'Avranches: a. MAUD FITZ ROBERT, married REYNOLD DE COURTENAY, of Sutton, Berkshire [see COURTENAY 1]. ii. ALICE FITZ ROY. In the period, ?1130-35, she witnessed a charter of her step-father, Robert d'Oilly, and her mother, Edith. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 72-73 (Alice daughter of the king [Adeliza Lila Reg.] witness to charter of Robert d'Oilly, his wife, and son dated ?1130-35). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Nest, wife of Gerald of Windsor, Constable of Pembroke, and daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwt, Prince of South Wales: i. HENRY FITZ ROY, of Pembrokeshire. He was killed during King Henry II's invasion at Anglesea in 1157 or 1158. He married ___. They had two sons, Meiler Fitz Henry [Justiciar of Ireland] and Robert, and presumably one daughter, Amabilis Fitz Henry (wife of Walter de Ridelisford). Williams ab Ithel Annales Cambriaes (Rolls Ser.) (1860): 47 (sub A.D. 1158: "Henricus filius Geraldi occisus est, velut alii volunt, filius Henrici regis ..."). Dimock Geraldus Cambrensis: Itinerarium Kambrice, et Descriptio Kambriæ (Geraldus Cambrensis Opera 6) (Rolls Ser.) (1868): 130 (Date: A.D. 1157: "Fuerant autem duo nobiles viti, et ejus qui scripsit haec avunculi, cum aliis hue a rege transmissi: Henricus scilicet regis Henrici primi filius, et secundi avunculus, ex nobili Nesta, Resi filii Theodori filia, in australi Kambria Demetiae finibus oriundus; et Robertus Stephani filius, Henrici frater non germanus sed uterinus."), 130, footnote 2 ("The death of Henry, her [Nest's] son by [King] H[enryl I., in this attack on Anglesea, is placed by Brut under 1156, in Ann. Camb. under 1158. By the former he is called Henry son of King Henry; by the latter, Henry son of Girald, or, according to others, son of king Henry. He was the father of the famous Meiler, the great hero of the Irish invasion."). Gilbert Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin 1 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 30-31 (charter of Walter de Ridelisford to St. Mary's Abbey; charter granted with consent of his wife, Amabilis Fitz Henry and witnessed by Meiler Fitz Henry). Orpen Ireland under the Normans 1 (1911): 18 (ped. chart). Jour. Royal Soc. of Antiqs. Ireland 82 (1952): 46-61. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.656. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 298-299 (biog. of Meiler Fitzhenry). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith: i. MAUD (or MATHILDE, MAHAUT) OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 (as his 1st wife) ROTROU II “the Great,” Count of Perche, seigneur of Belleme, son and heir of Geoffroi, Count of Mortagne and Perche, by Beatrix, daughter of Count Hilduin, Count of Montdidier and Roucy. He was born about 1080. Her maritagium likely included the manors of Aldboume and Wanborough, Wiltshire. They had two daughters, Philippe and Felicie. During the 1st Crusade, he fought at the Siege of Nicaea in mid-1097. He commanded a division that broke out of Antioch in June 1098. He crusaded against the Muslims in Spain probably in 1108. In 1114 he aided his father-in-law, King Henry I, at the Siege of Belleme. At the request of his wife, Maud, a hide of land at Wanborough, Wiltshire was given to Lewes Priory. His wife, Maud, was drowned in the shipwreck of the White Ship 25 Dec. 1120. He was Governor of Tudela in Aragon and participated in campaigns in Aragon from 1123 until the mid-1130s. He returned to Perche by 1135. He married (2nd) before 1126 HAWISE OF SALISBURY, daughter of Walter of Salisbury (also known as Walter Fitz Edward), of Chitterne, Wiltshire, Great Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, North Aston, Oxfordshire, etc., hereditary Sheriff of Wiltshire, Constable of Salisbury Castle, by Sibyl, daughter of Patrick de Chaources (or Sourches) [see LONGESPEE 2 for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Geoffroi, Rotrou (III) [Count of Perche], and Etienne [Archbishop-elect of Palermo]. After King Henry I's death in 1135, he and his nephew, Richer de l'Aigle, extorted the castles of Moulins and Bonmoulins as the price for their support for King Stephen. In 1139 he was taken in the English king's pay and defeated the unruly knights of Breteuil. ROTROU II, Count of Perche, died 6 May 1144 at the Siege of the Towe of Rouen, he then being in the service of Empress Maud and her husband, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. His widow, Hawise, married (2nd) (as his 1st wife) ROBERT I, Count of Dreux and Braille [see DREUX 6], and, in right of his 1st wife, Count of Perche, seigneur of Bellème, younger son of Louis VI, King of France, by Alix, daughter of Humbert II, Count of Savoy and Maurienne [see FRANCE 5 for his ancestry]. They had one daughter, Alix (wife successively of Waleran III, seigneur of Breteuil, Guy II, seigneur of Châtillon-sur-Marne, Jean I, seigneur of Torote, Châtellain de Noyon, and Raoul I de Nesle, Count of Soissons). His wife, Hawise, died in 1152. Robert I, Count of Dreux and Braine, died 11 October 1188. Duchesne Histoire Généalogique de la Maison Royale de Dreux (1631): 13-42. Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 74-75 (sub Capetians), 423-425 (sub Comtes de Dreux). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Des Murs Hist. des Comtes du Perche de la Fam. des Rotrou (1856). Herald & Genealogist 3 (1866): 173-176. Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 255 (Genealogiæ Fusniacensis: "Rotaldus comes, prefati comitis filius, duxit filiam regis Anglie, de qua filiam procreavit. "). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 3940 (charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche, dated c.1119; charter witnessed by his sister [soror], Juliane, and her son, Richer), 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe). Money Hist. of the Ancient Town & Borough of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Boulais Receuil des Antiquitéz du Perche (1890). Romanet de Beaune Géographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (1894): 33-35. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 419 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "6 [Obiit] Rotrodos comes."). Lalizel Abbaye Royal d'Arcisses (Archives du Diocèse de Chartres 10) (1900): 3-10 (charters of Rotrou, Count of Perche). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. VCH Wiltshire 9 (1970): 174-186; 12 (1983): 67-86. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Traditio 41(1985): 145-179. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.649. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France (2002). Hollister Henry I (2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Power Norman Frontier in the Twelfth & Early Thirteenth Centuries (2004): 360-361. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Geoffrey Grossus Life of Blessed Bernard of Tiron (2009): 71, footnote 1. Child of Maud (or Mathilde) of England, by Rotrou II of Perche: a. PHILIPPE OF PERCHE, married HELIE OF ANJOU, Count of Maine, younger son of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine. They had one daughter, Beatrix (wife of Jean I, Count of Alençon). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe [assensu generis mei Helie filieque mee Romanet de Beaune Geographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30-31 ("... Helias vero ...comes Cenomannonun factus est, et xx annis adepto consulatu strenue potitis est. Heres quoque soceri sin Gervasii de Castro Lidi factus est, eujus filiam habuit, ex qua filiam nomine Eremburgem genuit, quam domino suo Fulconi, Andegavorum comiti, in matromonium copulavit … Uxor ejus ei filiam, Eremburgem nomine, peperit, quae, nubilibus annis, Fulconi, Andegavorum tunc comiti, nunc Ierosolymorum regi, nupsit et generosam sobolem genuit: Joffredum et Heliam, Mathildem et Sibyllam, quae filiis regum solemniter nupserunt"). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by various mistresses: i. GILBERT FITZ ROY. He was still young and unmarried in 1142. Nothing more is known of him. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 281 286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.660. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. WILLIAM DE TRACY. He died soon after his father. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121 (author states in error that William de Tracy had a daughter and heiress, Grace, wife of John de Sudeley, of Sudeley Castle and Toddington, Gloucestershire). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.659. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). iii. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ENGLAND, married CONAN III, Duke of Brittany [see BRITTANY 3]. iv. JULIANE OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 EUSTACHE DE PACY (or DE BRETEUIL), seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, illegitimate son of Guillaume, seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, by an unknown mistress. They had two sons, Guillaume and Roger, and two daughters. In 1119 he took part in the rebellion against King Henry I, who besieged his wife, Juliane, at Breteuil. She fled to Pacy, and in the autumn of 1119 Eustache and Juliane were pardoned by the king. A few years later she became a nun at Fontevrault. EUSTACHE DE PACY died at the beginning of Lent 1136, Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Depoin Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Saint-Martin de Pontoise (1895): 470-476 (Famille d'Ivry). C.P. 8 (1932): 209-210 (sub Lovel); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X11.648. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 304 (Fitz Osbem ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Norrnandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). v. MABEL OF ENGLAND, married before c.1125 GUILLAUME GOUET (or GORT), seigneur of Montmirail and Alluyes, son and heir of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail, Alluyes, Authon, la Bazoche-Gouet, Brou, and Château-du-Loir, by his wife, Eustachie Crespon. They had one son, Guillaume [seigneur of Montmirail]. He joined his parents and his brothers, Robert and Matthew, in the foundation of the Priory of St. Giles des Chateigniers as a cell of Tiron. In 1114, as William Gouet junior, he was one of the nobles of Thibaut, Count of Chartres, whom the count called to advise him. In 1116, with his father and mother, he gave judgment in a dispute between the abbey of Marmoutier and Gaston de Brou. As "Guillaume Goët le jeune," he witnessed a charter of Guillaume de Mesmerand to the leproserie of Chateaudun c.1120. He succeeded his father before c.1125. He made an agreement c.1125 with the Prior of Saint-Denis de Nogent regarding the churches of Ceton and Saint-Ulphace. He likewise gave c.1125 to the monks of Saint-Denis the church of Unverre that Gaston de Brou gave them and that his mother Eustachie unjustly retained; for which gift he received 10 livres and his wife, Mabel, 100 sous. About 1127 he witnessed a charter of Ives de Courville, by which he quitclaimed his land in Courville to Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. In 1136 he granted various privileges to Tiron Abbey. In 1140 he confirmed the gift of Bois-Ruffin made by Ursion de Meslay. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Guérard Cartulaire de Saint Père de Chartres 2 (1840): 471-476, 483-486, 494-495. Lépinois Histoire de Chartres 1 (1854): /41. Etudes sur le Maine, Noblesse du Maine aux Crusades (1859): 49-50. Charles & Elbenne Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans (1886-1913): Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbve de la Sainte-Trinité di Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cix (arms of Guillaume Goet dated 1139: Mi-parti au 1er d'argent à deux chevrons de sable; au 2e trois chevrons brisés d'or), 24-27, 78-79, 104-106. Merlet Inventaire-sommaire des Archives départementales anterieures (11790: Eure-et-Loir, Archives Ecclésiastiques, Serie H 8 (1897): 161. Souancé & Métais Saint-Denis de Nogent-le-Rotrou 1031-1789: Histoire et Cartulaire (1899): LVII-LIX, 103-104 (charter of Guillaume Gouet junior son of Guillaume Gouet dated c.1125), 104-106 (charter dated c.1125 naming Guillaume [Gouet] junior, son of Eustachie wife of [Guillaume] Gouet, and his wife, Mabel), 164-166. Bulls. de la Societé Dunoise Archeologie, Histoire, Sciences & Arts 10 (1904): 171-188. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.663, XIII.1014. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Child of Mabel of England, by Guillaume Gouet: a. GUILLAUME GOUET, seigneur of Montmirail, married ISABELLE (or ELIZABETH) OF BLOIS, Duchess of Apulia [see DONZY 4]. vi. CONSTANCE OF ENGLAND, married ROSCELIN DE BEAUMONT, Vicomte of Beaumont-en-Maine [see BEAUMONT 3]. vii. ALINE OF ENGLAND, married MATHIEU DE MONTMORENCY, seigneur of Montmorency [see LEICESTER 3 {sic: MONTMORENCY 3}]. v. SIBYL OF ENGLAND, married ALEXANDER I, King of Scots [see SCOTLAND 1.v], younger son of Malcolm III (Ceannmor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for his parentage]. He was born about 1077. They had no issue. By an unknown mistress, he had an illegitimate son, Malcolm. He became King of Scotland in 1107 on the death of his elder brother, Edgar, King of Scots. He and his wife, Sibyl, founded the monastery of Scone in Perthshire in 1113-14. He was also a benefactor to Durham and Dunfermline. He invaded Wales in summer 1114, in cooperation with King Henry I of England. His wife, Sibyl, died suddenly at Loch Tay 12 July 1122. ALEXANDER I, King of Scots, died at Stirling 23 April 1124, and was buried before the great altar at Dunfermline, Fife near his father. Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: “VII. Kal. Mali [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "VI. Id. Jul. [10 July] Ob. Sibilla Regina Scottorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Turnbull Extracta E Variis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 68 (Extracts ex Cronicis Scocie sub A.D. 1122: "Sibilla, illustris regine Scocie, uxor regis Alexandri, filia Henrici Beuclerk regis Anglie, apud Lochtay cellam canonicorum de Scona obiit anno Domini Moc.xxij"). Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis 2 (1849): 78 (sub A.D. 1123: "Alexander rex Scottorum, VII. kal. Maii [25 April], obiit."). Liber Ecclesie de Scone (1863): 1-3 (charter of Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl; charter witnessed by his nephew [nepos], Alexander, and by William, brother of the queen [frater regine]). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 3 (sub Kings of Scotland). Lawrie Early Scottish Charters prior to A.D. 1153 (1905): 28-30 (charter to Scone Priory dated c.1120 issued by Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl, "filia Henrici Regis Angliae"), 262. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 50-57. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.655, XIII.205. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 57. Duncan Kingship of the Scots 842-1292 (2002). Barrow Kingdom of the Scots (2003): 1541-56. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Oram David I: The King Who Made Scotland (2004). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 313 (Scotland ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I, by Isabel of Meulan, daughter of Robert of Meulan (or de Beaumont), Count of Meulan, by Isabel (or Elizabeth), daughter of Hugues le Grand Count of Crepy [see VERMANDOIS 5 for her ancestry]. Isabel de Meulan married (1st) Gilbert Fitz Gilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 6 Jan. 1147/8) [see PEMBROKE 3] and (2nd) Ralph Bluet, of Silchester, Hampshire and Lacock, Wiltshire (living 1167) [see PEMBROKE 3]. She was allegedly living in 1172. i. ISABEL OF ENGLAND. She and her mother, Countess Isabel, witnessed two undated charters of her half-brother, Richard Fitz Gilbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Her subsequent history is unknown. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 10 (1855): 261-263 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to the monks of Usk; charter witnessed by Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter, Ralph Bloet, and Walter Bloet). C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 361 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Gilbert to Goldcliff Priory; charter witnessed by Isabel the earl's mother and Isabel his sister). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-102 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke) ("Actually there is no reasonable doubt that Isabel [de Meulan]s daughter bore her mother's name, lived with her after the elder Isabel's marriage, and continued to do so after her step-father's death. For the first two witnesses to the 2nd Earl of Pembroke's charter for Usk are the Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter; and in the charter for Goldcliff Priory the first two witnesses are Isabel the Earl's mother and Isabel the Earl's sister. There is no evidence that she ever married."); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.657. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Alleged but unlikely daughter of King Henry I: i. EMMA OF ENGLAND, married GUY DE LAVAL, seigneur of Laval. Hollister Henry 1(2001): 228 ("Bertrand de Brousillon, La Maison de Laval, 1: 79: 'on pretend meme que l’abbaye de Clermont aurait conserve longtemps une tombe sur laquelle on lisait EMMA ANGLORUM REGIS FILIA DOMINAQUE LAVALLENSIS.' The author dismisses this tradition on the grounds that Robert of Torigny omits 'Emma' from his list of Henry's daughters, but the list is by no means complete. Emma is absent from the list of Henry I's illegitimate daughters in CP, 11, app. D, pp. 112-121.").”	of England, Isabel (I6385)
6045	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY nicknamed “Beauclerc,” King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Cotentin, 4th son, born in 1068 or 1069. He married (1st) 11 Nov. 1100 MAUD OF SCOTLAND, daughter of Malcolm III (CeannMor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for her parentage]. She was born in 1079. They had one son, William, and one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, died at Westminster 1 May 1118. He married (2nd) at Windsor, Berkshire 29 Jan. 1121 ALICE (or AELIZ, ALEIDE, ALEYDA, AELIDIS, ADELIDE, ADELIDIS, ADELAIDIS, ADELIZA, ADELIZE, ATHELICE) OF LOUVAIN, daughter of Gottfried (or Godefroy) I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Louvain, by his 1st wife, Ida, daughter of Otto II, Count of Chiny. She was born about 1103. They had no issue. By various mistresses, he had eight illegitimate sons, Robert [Earl of Gloucester], Richard, Fulk, Reynold [Earl of Cornwall], Robert, Gilbert, William de Tracy, and Henry, and nine illegitimate daughters, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Rotrou II, Count of Perche), Alice, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Conan III, Duke of Brittany), Juliane (wife of Eustache de Pacy, seigneur of Breteuil and Pacy), Mabel (wife of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail), Constance (wife of Roscelin de Beaumont), Aline (wife of Mathieu de Montmorency), Sibyl (wife of Alexander I, King of Scots), and Isabel.* HENRY I, King of England died at Lyons-la-Forêt (near Rouen), Normandy 1 Dec. 1135, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. His widow, Alice, married (2nd) after Dec. 1136 but later than summer 1139 WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, Earl of Lincoln, afterwards 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), hereditary Chief Butler of England, Privy Councillor to King Henry I [see CLIFTON 3]. They had four sons, William [2nd Earl of Arundel or Sussex], Reiner, Henry, and Godfrey, and two daughters, Alice (wife of Jean I, Count of Eu and Alvred de Saint Martin) and Olive. He was a witness to King Stephen's 2nd Charter of Liberties in 1136. He was created Earl of Lincoln c.1138. He gave shelter to Empress Maud at Arundel Castle in 1139, but afterwards adhered to King Stephen. His earldom was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex before Christmas 1141. In his own later charters he is styled Earl of Chichester. About 1145 he witnessed a charter of Henry Hussey as "Consul Willelmo de Cicesterr." His wife, Alice, presented to the prebend of West Dean in 1150. Alice, dowager Queen of England, died as a nun at Affligem Abbey in Brabant 25 (or 26) March 1151, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. He was influential in arranging the treaty of 1153, whereby the Crown continued with King Stephen for life, though the inheritance thereof was secured to Henry II. He subscribed his name to this instrument as "Comes Cicestrie." By grant dated c.1155, King Henry II confirmed to him as "William, Earl of Arundel" the Castle of Arundel, with the whole honour of Arundel and all its appurtenances. He served as Joint Ambassador to France and to the Pope in 1163/4. He served as Chief Ambassador with Princess Maud to Germany in 1168. He was appointed joint Commander of the royal army in Normandy in 1173. In Sept. 1173 he assisted in the defeat near Bury St. Edmunds of the Earl of Leicester. He founded Buckenham Abbey, Norfolk and Pynharn Priory, Sussex. WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), died at Waverley Abbey, Surrey 4 (or 12) October 1176, and was buried at Wymondham Priory, Norfolk. [Footnote *: In 1824 the Scottish historian Chalmers stated that King Henry I of England had an illegitimate daughter, Elizabeth, who married Fergus, lord of Galloway (died 1161). [see Chalmers Caledonia 3 (1824): 250, footnote k ("Fergus [lord of Galloway] ... was a prince of some note, even at the court of Henry I. of England, is certain : as he took to wife, according to the heralds, genealogists, and chroniclers, Elizabeth, the natural daughter of Henry I.")]. Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway), however, debunked Chalmers' statement, noting that the authorities quoted by Chalmers "do not bear out his assertion." Even so, other secondary sources have continued to repeat Chalmers' unfounded claim: See, for example, Mackenzie History of Galloway (1841): 167-172 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England"); Anderson Scottish Nation 2 (1862): 195 ("Fergus, lord of Galloway ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England ..."); M'Kerlie Galloway in Ancient & Modern Times (1891): 155 ("It is necessary to repeat here that Fergus married Elizabeth, the natural daughter of King Henry I. of England."); Maxwell Hist. of Dumfries & Galloway (1896): 47-48 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, natural daughter of Henry I., and sister of Sibilla, who married Alexander I., brother of David."); Ramsay Angevin Empire (1903): 90, footnote 7 ("Gunfrith [i.e., Godred] was son of Olaf, by Afreca, daughter of Fergus of Galloway, by 'Elisabeth,' reputed natural daughter of Henry I."); Oram Lordship of Galloway (2000): 60; Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Barrow Robert Bruce (1965): 36, footnote 2 notes that "Roger Howden calls Uchtred son of Fergus of Galloway a cousin of King Henry II (Gesta Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Ser., i, 80)," a relationship which Professor Barrow states "is best explained on the supposition that Fergus married a bastard daughter of Henry I." However, given that King Henry II of England had a Scottish grandmother, a more likely explanation of the kinship between the Galloway and English royal families is that the wife of Fergus was near related to the Scottish royal family, possibly being a sister of William Fitz Duncan, whose grandfather was Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots [died 1093]. This arrangement would make Uchtred son of Fergus and King Henry II of England related in the 3rd degree of kindred (or second cousins).] D'Achery Spicilegium 10 (1671): 612-613 (Continuatio Chronici Afflegemiensis: "Filia præfati Ducis Aleidis juncta matrimonio Regi Angliæ, post obitum secundi con jugis Afflegemiensis Claustri solitudinem ad reliquum vitæ ad humandum corpus elegit in domo turti Ecclesiæ contigua, cum una aut akera ancilla in Fratrum Afflegemiensiurn quieta taciturna multitudine solitaria habitavit, & beato fine quievit, de qua epitaphium: Aleidis Regina Anglim, filia Ducis Godefridi cum barba, Regnum suscepit in Anglia an MCXXI. obiit 9 Kal. Maii [23 April], sepulta è regione horologii nostri."). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 30 (Kalendar of Obits: "IIII Non. December [2 December]. Obitus Henrici Regis."). Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 32-34. Morice Mémoires pour servir de Preuves à l'Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne 1 (1742): 130 (Extract of Cronicle of Robert, Abbot of Mont Saint Michel: "Anno 1135. Obiit Henricus I. Rex Anglorum in prima die Decembris, cum regnasset annis 35. & 4 mensibus."). Brequigny & Mouchet Table Chronologique des Diplômes, Chartes, Titres ... concernant l’Histoire de France 3 (1783): 236 (charter dated c.1155 of Alice Queen of the English [Adelaidis reginæ Anglorum]). Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: Kal. Maii [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 218 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "IV. Non. Dec. [2 December] Ob Henricus Rex Anglorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Norrnands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXI)). Tierney Hist. & Antiqs. of the Castle & Town of Arundel 1 (1834): 169-179. Michel Histoire des Ducs de Normandie et des Rois D'Angleterre (1840): 69 ("Li rois Henrie, quant la roine Mehaus fu morte, prist à feme Aalis, la fille Godefroi le duc de Louvaing, la cousine Wistasse [Eustace] de Bouloigne; mais n'en ot nul enfant. Si ot-il de bas .vj. Ills et .vij. fines"). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 135-211 (biog. of Matilda of Scotland), 212-256 (biog. of Adelicia of Louvaine). Barrett Memorials of the parochial Church ... in the Parish of Attleborough (1848): 12-41. Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis 2 (1849): 74 (Maud [of Blois], Countess of Chester, styled "niece" to King Henry I of England [neptis regis1). Ordericus Vitalis Ecclesiastical Hist. of England & Normandy 3 (1854): 482 (Roger Fitz Roger and Walter d'Aufay [Aufai] styled "cousins" to King Henry I at Battle of Bremule in 1119 by Ordericus Vitalis). Arch. Journal 20 (1863): 283 ("Adeliza appears to have used the identical matrux of the seal which had belonged to the first queen of Henry I., the name-Aalidis-having been substituted for Matli[Idis), 287-288 (charter of Queen Alice [Aelidis regina] ... There is appended ... a pointed oval seal of white wax .... device, a female figure standing ... The legend is + SIGILLVM • AALIDIS • SECVND[AE • DE]I • GRACIA • REGINAE • ANGLIE.), 288-289 (charter of Queen Alice [A. Dei gracia Regina]); 22 (1865): 152-153 (charter of William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Lincoln; charter names Queen Alice his wife [regina Adelidis]). Sussex Arch. Colls. 15 (1863): 112-113. Luard Annales Monastici 1 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1864): 14 (Margam Annals sub 1151: "Obiit Adelidis, regina secunda Henrici regis."); 3 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1866): 433 (Bermondsey Annals sub A.D. 1121: "Hoc anno rex Henricus primus duxit Adelizam, filiam ducis Lovaniae, in uxorem, tertio nonas Februarii [3 February]."). Burke Gen. Hist, of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited & Extinct Peerages (1866): 2-3 (sub Albini, Earls of Arundel). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. (1867): 21-33 ("In the Register of the Priory of Bromhale, we find the record of his death under the date of the 4th day of October, 22nd of Henry II (A.D. 1176), in the following words, `obiit Willielmus Comes Arundel' (no mention of Sussex or Chichester), et `sepultus est in prioratus de Wymondham.’"). Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptorum 20 (1868): 67 (Orderic Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, Liber X: Roger Fitz Richard [de Clare) styled "kinsman" [cognatus) of King Henry I of England). Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104-108 (discusses evidence that King Henry I had an illegitimate daughter, Maud (or Mathilde)/Almodis, who was Abbess of Montivilliers). Ellis Antiqs. of Heraldry (1869): 206-207 (Aubigny ped.). Lower Compendious Hist. of Sussex 1 (1870): 70 (Robert de Haia, founder of Boxgrove Priory, styled "king's kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry I). Delisle Delisle Chronique de Robert de Tongni 1 (1872): 215 (sub A.D. 1139: "Invitarerat enim eos Willermus de Albinneio, qui duxerat Aeliz quondam reginam, quæ habebat castellum et comitatum Hardundel, quod rex Henricus dederat ei in dote."); 2 (1873): 63-64 ("Cessit etiam in fata Willermus de Albineio, quem vocabant comitem d'Arundel, relinquens filios quatuor, scilicet Guillermum de Albineio pritnogenitum, et alios tres natos ex Aeliza regina, uxore primi Henrici regis Anglorum."). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1874): 298 (sub 1176: "comes etiam Willelmus de Arundel obiit quarto idus Octobris [12 October] apud Waverle, et sepultus eat apud Wimundham, cellam scilicet ecclesiæ Sancti Albani, cujus cellæ patronus fuisse dinoscitur."). Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Obiit autem Matildis regina Anglia anno regni sui xviiio, kalendis Maii [1 May], et apud Radingas sepulta est."). Merlet Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cviii (arms of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy dated 1115: D'argent au cavalier d'azur). D.N.B. 1 (1885): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1(1886): 66 (sub Arundel). Raine Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1886): 169 (History of the Four Archbishops by Hugh the Chantor - King Henry I and Pope Calixtus II were kinsmen: "Nam præter spiritualem patris et filii relationem, carnali consanguinitate propinqui erant, quorum avus et avia frater et soror fuerunt." (Note: Pope Calixtus II was a younger son of William I, Count of Burgundy, whose mother Alice was daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 5-8 (seal of King Henry I - Obverse. King, seated in majesty, in an undercoat with sleeves tight at wrists, and loose skirts reaching below knees; and long flowing cloak fastened at throat and spreading out behind, which has a border, with indications of a fur of symmetrical pattern. On the head a cap-shaped crown, with three fleurs-de-lis, one at top and one at either side, and two chin-straps hanging loosely at sides, the ends having buckles in shape of trefoils. In right hand, extended outwards from elbow, a sword is held almost perpendicularly. In left hand, similarly extended, an orb, ensigned with a long cross pattee pommettee. Throne, apparently square, and closely resembling that of William II.; the centre curves with a bold cusp inwards, with a string-course, and is the narrowest part. In lower of two compartments thus made, is a footboard, not enough remaining to show original size. On throne a flat cushion with square edge, carrying at each end a hemispherical ornament, intended for pillow. Reverse. King, hauberk of chain-mail; conical helmet, having a blunt point at crown of head, and perhaps armed with projecting nose-piece; single pointed spur of goad form; long lance to which is attached a banner, charged with cross moline, and three pairs of waving streamers. No indication of sword. In left hand, held by interior strap, a kite-shaped shield, seen from within. The horse is walking to the right hand, caparisoned with breast-band, which is ornamented by five globular pendants equi-distant. Saddle of small dimensions; with stirrups. The loosely gathered reins are held up in left hand, which also sustains shield. Legend: + HENRIC' D... ... ...). Round "An Unknown Mistress of Henry I." in Eng. Hist. Rev. 5 (1890): 745-746. Luard Flores Historiarum 2 ((Rolls Ser.) 1890): 69 ("Anno gratix MCLIo [1151]. Obiit Adelicia regina, uxor regis Stephani;" the editor notes that the name "Stephani" is erased in Ch. and altered to "Henrici I."). Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (Docs. sur la Province du Perche 3rd Ser. 2) (1894): 40-43. Recueil des Historiens des Castles et de la France 23 (1894): 471 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: "25 Mart. Obiit Adelicia regina."), 476 (Ex Necrologio Monasterii Crucis Sancti Leufredi: "25 Mart. [Obiit] Adeliza, regina Anglorum."), 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Mali. [Obiit] Matildis, regina Anglorum."), 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "12 Oct. [Obiit] Guillelmus, comes de Arundel."), 581 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Dec. [Obiit] Henricus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum."). Napier & Stevenson Crawford Coll. of early Charters & Docs. now in the Bodleian library (1895): 31 (William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Chichester dated c.1150; charter names his wife, Queen Alice [regina Adelide]). Bradshaw Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral Pt. 2 (1897): (obits. in the odd volume of the great Latin Bible), ccxxxviii (2 May - "Matildis regina uxor Henrici regis."), ccxlii (2 Dec. - "Henricus, pacificus rex Anglorum."). Trans. East Herts Arch. Soc. 1(1) (1901): 129-135 (charter of Queen Alice widow of King Henry I dated 1136 [Adelidis regina uxor nobillisimi regis Henrici & filia Godefridi ducis lotharingie]. C.C.R. 1227-1231 (1902): 530 (confirmation of gift of Alice, formerly Queen of England). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 316 (Abbaye de Saint-Denis: "kal. Maius [1 May] Ob. Matildis, Anglorum regina [1118]."), 523 (Prieure de Longpont: "kaL maii. [1 May] [obit.] Maltidis, Anglorum regina [1118]."). Warner & Ellis Facsimiles of Royal & Other Charters in the British Museum 1 (1903): #14 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Lincoln dated c.1139-40; charter names his wife, Queen Adeleidis), #27 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Chichester dated 1151-2; charter names his wife, Queen Athelice). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 1-2 (sub Kings of Scotland). Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 25-34. Eng. Hist. Rev. 21(1906): 505-509. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 2 (1906): 241 (Obituaire of Prieure de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan: "Henricus, rex Anglorum, frater noster, III nonas decembris [3 Dec.] [1135]."), 661 (Nécrologe of Abbaye de Saint-Jean-en-Vallée: 12 Dec.] IIII non. Obiit Henricus, Anglorum rex [1135], ecclesiarum amator praecipuus."). Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway) ("[Fergus, lord of Galloway] is said to have married Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of King Henry I. of England, but the authorities quoted by Chalmers, who makes the statement, do not bear out his assertion."). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Urseau Cartulaire Moir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (1908): 167-168 (charter of King Henry I dated c.1111=20). Gomme Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1909): 217 (sub A.D. 1100: Maud of Scotland, 1st wife of King Henry I, styled "kinswoman to king Edward [the Confessor] and of the true royal race of England."), 239-240 (sub A.D. 1127: Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone], Abbot of Saint-Jean of Angély (in Poitou), afterwards Abbot of Peterborough styled "kinsman" [mæi] of [Henry I] King of England and [Guillaume] Count of Poitou) [see also Earle and Plummer Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel 1 (1892): 257; English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-5601. CP. 1 (1910): 233-235, 237 (chart) (sub Arundel); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Round King's Serjeants & Officers of State (1911): 140-165. English Hist. Rev. 34 (1919): 303-382. Farrer Outline Itinerary of King Henry 1 (1920). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) XI 112. Rübel-Blass (1939) 257 (biographical information). G.H. White "Henry I's Illegitimate Children," in C.P. 11 (1949), Appendix D, 105-121. Leys Sandford Cartulary 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 22) (1941): 216. Johnson et al. Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066-1154 2 (1956): 148 (John [son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent], a royal chaplain, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of King Henry I of England in charter dated 1117-19). C.R.R. 12 (1957): 157-158 (Sibyl de Falaise, wife of Baldwin de Bolers, styled "kinswoman" [nepte] of King Henry I of England). Stenton First Century of English Feudalism, 1066-1166 (1961). Davis King Stephen (1967): 137 ("[King] Stephen recognized three successive earls of Lincoln ... The first was William d'Aubigny pincerna who married Queen Adeliza, widow of King Henry I, and in her right became lord of the honour and castle of Arundel. He styles himself William Earl of Lincoln in three charters in which his identity is proved by references to his wife. They are in favour of Lewes Priory and the abbeys of Reading and Affligem-and in the case of Affligem there is also a charter of Adeliza referring to her husband as earl of Lincoln (Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville 3245; Warner and Ellis, Facsimiles, no. 14; E. de Marneffe, Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Affligem in Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclesiastique de la Belgique, 2o section, pp. 104,106). In royal charters it is usually impossible to distinguish him from his successor, William de Roumare, since the normal style of both was Willelmus comes de Lincolnia, or (before he was an earl) from his father, William d'Aubignypincerna, who died before June 1139 (Reg. iii. 973). If Robert de Torigny is right (Chronicles iv. 137) William had married Adeliza by September 1139, and it is tempting to assume that it was on his marriage that he was made earl of Lincoln, his connection with that county being that his mother, Maud Bigod, was a grand-daughter, and possible co-heiress, of Robert de Tosny of Belvoir. We do not know precisely when he was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex, but it was certainly by Christmas 1141 when he attested a charter as Comite Willelmo de Sudsexa (Reg. iii. 276)."). Chibnall Ecclesiastical Hist. of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80): 317 (Vol. VI, Book XII - Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone] styled "kinsman" [cognato] of King Henry I of England) [see English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-560]. Albion 10 (1978): 330-340. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 95 (sub Hainault, Brabant); 2 (1984): 81 (sub England); 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Chibnall Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166 (1986). Green Government of England under Henry 1(1986). Hollister Monarchy, Magnates, & Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World (1986). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 1 (Camden Soc. 4th Ser. 31) (1986): 301, 369, 476. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.1.423, XII.371, X11.644-X11.645, XIII.207. Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 136 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "7 Kal. [Apr.] [26 March]. Obiit Atheliza regina."), 130 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit Rex Anglorum Henricus primus."), 146 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit rex Anglorum Henricus i."). Haskins Soc. Jour. 7 (1995): 101-116. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35, 57. Scottish Hirt. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I Pt 2 (List and Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 143 (confirmation c. 1172/81 of grant made by Queen Adela) (original published in Jour. of British Architetural Assoc. 17: 312). Scottish Hist. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Harper-Bill Anglo-Norman Studies XXI (1999): 145-168. Bartlett England under the Norman & Angevin Kings 1075-1225 (2000). Hollister Henry 1(2001). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.), 313 (Scotland ped.). Weller Die Heiratspolitik des deutschen Hochadels im 12. Jahrhundert (2004): 464-4.76 (biog. of Königin Adelheid von England) ("On page 476, Weller states: "Seine Gattin Adelheid von Lowen, die ehemalige Konigin von England, war schon 1151 wahrend des Bürgerkrieges verschieden und wurde in Reading beigesetzt ... Der Begräbnisort Kgn. Adelheids geht aus einem Schreiben Jocelins v. Löwen an Bf. Hilarius v. Chichester eindeutig hervor, vgl. Reading Abbey Cartularies 1, No. 551, 416E; s.a. Bartlett, England 596. Nicht stichhaltig ist demgegeniiber die van Sanderus, Chorographia 1, 45, verbreitete Nachricht, wonach Adelheid vor ihrem Tod in ihre Heimat übergesiedelt und im Kloster Afflighem gestoren and begraben sei; heirnach auch John Horace Round in dem Art.: Adeliza of Louvain, in DNB 1(1885): 137f.; Complete Peerage 1, 235. Allerdings ist Kgn. Adelheid als Wohltäterin von Afflighem aufgetreten unde hat dem Kloster einigen Besitz in England gestiftet; vgl. Cart. Afflighem, No. 79, 121-124 (hier 122)."). Verbeke Medieval Narrative Sources (2005): 21-36. Fleming Henry I & the Anglo-Norman World: Studies in Memory of C. Warren Hollister (2006). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006). Children of King Henry I of England, by Maud of Scotland: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, son and heir apparent, born in 1103. As his father's destined successor, he received the homage of the Normans barons in 1115, and that of the English witan in 1116. He married at Lisieux in May 1119 MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ANJOU, daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou. He was with his father at the Battle of Bremule in 1119. Early in 1120 King Louis of France invested him with the duchy of Normandy. He was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 160 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1120: "Willelmus filius Henrici Regis, & Ricardus frater ejus & Ricardus Comes de Cestria cum multis Nobilibus naufragio perierunt.”). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. D.N.B. 21(1909): 337 (biog. of William, son of Henry I, King of England). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 81 (sub England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.644. Caenegem English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I 1 (Selden Soc. 106) (1990): 180-181, 192-193, 213-214. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.). ii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, married (1st) HEINRICH V, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor; (2nd) GEOFFREY V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy [see next]. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by an unknown mistress, (possibly a member of the Bohun family): i. ROBERT FITZ ROY, Earl of Gloucester, married MABEL FITZ ROBERT [see GLOUCESTER 3]. Illegitimate sons of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Ansfride, widow of Anskill, a knight who was a tenant of Abingdon Abbey: i. RICHARD FITZ ROY, born before 1101. He served against the French in 1119, and was captured at Les Andelys. He was set free with his comrades by King Louis, because they had taken sanctuary in the church of Notre Dame du Grand Andely. Later the same year he was with his father at the Siege of Evreux and the Battle of Brémule. In Sept. 1119 he was sent to raise the Siege at Bréteuil. He was betrothed to Amice de Gael, daughter of Raoul, seigneur of Gael in Brittany and Bréteuil in Normandy. He was drowned immediately afterwards in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Amice subsequently married Robert of Meulan, 1st Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 6]. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Alium quoque habuit filium Ricardum, et cessavit parere... Navis enim infausta qun regis gestabat filios Willelrnum et Ricardum, submersa est, periitque in scopulis Barbefluvii."). C.P. 7 (1929): 527-530 (sub Leicester); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.646. Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni 2 (1992): 248-249 (Robert de Torigny: "Ricardus autem, huius comitis uno de patre frater, cum fratre suo Willelmo in sepedicto naufiagio periit."). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. FULK FITZ ROY. Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(II.647. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Sibyl Corbet: i. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall, Sheriff of Devon, 1173-5. He married in 1140 MABEL FITZ WILLIAM, daughter of William Fitz Richard, of Cornwall. They had one son, Nicholas, and four daughters, Denise (wife of Richard de Redvers, Earl of Devon), Maud, Sarah (wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges), and Emme (wife of Guy V de Laval, seigneur of Laval). By a mistress, Beatrice de Valle (or Vaux) (afterwards wife of William Briwerre, Knt.), he had an illegitimate son, Henry Fitz Count. By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, William. He was granted the lands of William, Earl of Mortain, amounting to 215-1/2 fees in Devon and Cornwall. He was created Earl of Cornwall about April 1141. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, were recognized by contemporaries as "the most powerful men in the kingdom." His wife, Mabel, fell into insanity in the 1140s. He witnessed a charter of Henry d'Oilly in the period, 1114-47. In 1153 he witnessed the agreement between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy [afterwards King Henry II]. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, acted as intermediary between the king and Thomas Becket at Northampton in 1164. He played a major part in opposing the rebels of 1173-4 in England. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall died 1 July 1175, allegedly at Chertsey, Surrey, and was buried at Reading, Berkshire. Dugdale Baronage (1675): 702 (sub Briwere) ("[William Briwere] having married Beatrix de Valle, a Concubine, as 'tis said, to Reginald Earl of Cornwall (which is probable, for in a Grant made by Henry Son to the same Reginald [Earl of Cornwall], unto this William [Briwere], of the Mannor of Karswell, and Land of Hakford, he calls him his Brother")) [Note: Dugdale evidently intended to say that Henry Fitz Count's brother was William Briwere the younger, as it was William Briwere the elder was the husband of his mother, Beatrice de Valle]. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 6, 98 (undated charter of Reynold son of King Henry to William de Botreaux son of Alice Corbet his aunt [matertera]; charter witnessed by his son, Nicholas; his nephews/kinsmen [nepotibus], Ralph and Richard, and his brother, William), 112. Topographer 2 (1790): 288-291. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 2 (1836 11): 239-240 (Bruere or Briwere ped.). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 163 ("Deditque ibidem Hereberto filio Hereberti, et Willelmo fratri comitis Reginaldi, et Joelllano de la Pumerai, nepoti eorum, regnum be Limeric pro servitio sexaginta militum"), 172 ("Nam Herbertus, et Willelmus, fratres Reginaldi comitis Cornubiae, et Joellanus de Purnetia nepos eorum, regnum illud havere noluerunt; sed illud reddiderunt domino regi et Johanni filio suo liberum et quietum ab omni calurnnia eorum"). Le Fizelier Mémoire chronologique de Maucourt de Bourjolly sur la Ville de Laval 1 (1886): 136-142. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-253 (William brother of Earl Reynold [Willelmus frater Comitis Reginaldi] held 1/2 knight's fee of Robert Fitz Roy in 1166), 261-262 (William brother of the Earl [Willelmus frater Comitis] held four knight's fees Reynold, Earl of Cornwall in 1166). Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 455-456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 34. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 75. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Colls. Hist. Staffs. 1924 (1926): 9, 219. English Hist. Rev. 62 (1947): 352-377 (charter of William de Marsh brother of Reynold Earl of Cornwall [Willelmus de Marisco frater Reginaldi comitis Cornubie]). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II], later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Minor & Butler eds. Letters of John of Salisbury 1 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1955): 162-163. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987): 9-10 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1154-65), 10-11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1146-55), 11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 195-196 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1165-75, witnessed by his son, Nicholas), 196-197 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 197-198 (two confirmation charters of King Henry II of England naming his "uncle" [avunculus] Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, one dated c.1174-5, the other dated c.1174-6). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(11.651, X111.996-1000. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Hollister Henry 1(2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart).Cornwall Rec. Office: Borough of Truro, BTRU/1 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1161-66) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, by Mabel Fitz William: a. MAUD OF CORNWALL, married ROBERT II, Count of Meulan [see VERMANDOIS 7]. Illegitimate child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, allegedly by Beatrice de Valle: a. HENRY FITZ COUNT, of Liskeard, Cornwall and King's Kerswell, Devon, Constable of Totnes Castle, 1209, Governor of Portchester Castle, 1211, Sheriff of Cornwall, 1215, 1217-20, Constable of Launceston Castle and Warden of the Stanneries, 1215. In 1194 he was granted the manors of Liskeard, Cornwall and Diptford and King's Kerswell, Devon by the king. In 1196 he witnessed the Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by his alleged step-father, Sir William Briwerre. In 1215 he had a grant of the county of Cornwall from King John, to farm until the realm should be at peace. The grant was renewed by King Henry III 7 Feb. 1216/7. He resigned the county to the king in 1220, when he took the cross. HENRY FITZ COUNT died a crusader in 1222. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Hunter Catalogue of the MSS in the library of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn (1838): 13. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(2) (1846): 924 (Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by William Briwer). Oliver Monasticon Dioecesis Exoniensis (1846): 174 (charter of Henry son of Reynold Earl of Cornwall; charter granted for the souls of his brothers and his mother), 179, 183. Trans. Exeter Diocesan Architectural & Arch. Soc. 2nd Ser. 1 (1867): 133-134. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 31(1870): 5. Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 21. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 9 (1902): 295-296 ("But Reginald de Dunstanville [i.e., Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall] had also by Beatrix de Valle (who afterwards became the wife of William Brewer, the judge of Henry II. and one of the regents of Richard I.) an illegitimate son named Henry FitzCount (sometimes FitzHenry), who became in after years also Earl of Cornwall."). Genealogist n.s. 20 (1904): 10-11. C.P. 3 (1913): 430 (sub Cornwall). Painter Reign of King John (1949): 231, 290, 348, 358-359. Hobbs Cartulary of Forde Abbey (Somerset Rec. Soc. 85) (1998): 116 (charter of Henry Fitz Count dated 1200-22; charter witnessed by William Brewer). North Devon Rec. Office: Chichester of Arlington, 50/11/29/3 (confirmation of a gift of land dated early 13th Cent. from Henry son of Earl Reginald to William de Tracy of all his land of Wollecombe [in Mortehoe] and Boklande, Devon, which William and his ancestors held of Henry and his ancestors, lords of Bradneys, as the charter of Hugh Ruffus testifies. To have and to hold to the aforesaid William, his heirs and assigns, of Henry and his heirs for ever, rendering all due and customary services. Seal of Henry son of Earl Reginald - Round, natural wax, armorial, surrounded by legend giving name of owner, chipped. The arms on shield resemble those of Courtenay family, but the Courtenays did not become Earls till 14th Cent.) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Henry III Fine Rolls Project (Baldekin styled "kinsman" of H[enry] Fitz Count in a fine roll item dated 1220; by whom he was earlier granted lands in Cornwall formerly held by Robert de Tintagel) (available at www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_015.html). Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith, daughter of Forne son of Sigulf, lord of Greystoke, Cumberland. Edith subsequently married ROBERT D'OILLY, of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, Constable of Oxford Castle. They had two sons, Henry and Gilbert. He and his wife, Edith, founded Oseney Priory near Oxford in 1129. Robert d'Oilly died in Sept. 1142. Sometime in the period, c.1145-56, his widow, Edith, granted a toft in Huggate and 68-1/2 acres in the fields there to the poor of the Hospital of St. Peter, York. Leys Sandford Cartulary 1 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 19) (1938): 50 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith), 92 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated before June 1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith, and his son, Henry). Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 505-508, 510 (charter of Edith wife of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1145-56), 510-511 (charter of Henry d'Oilly dated c.1145-56; charter witnessed by his wife, Maud), 518-519. Hedley Northumberland Fares. (1968): 233. i. ROBERT FITZ ROY. He held land in Devonshire in 1130. He witnessed a charter of his step-father, Robert d'Oilly, in the period, ?1130-35. He supported his half-sister, Empress Maud, in the Civil War. In the period, 1144-7, he witnessed a charter of his half-brother, Henry d'Oilly. In 1146-7 he witnessed a charter of Empress Maud and her son, Henry. About 1150 he granted 10 pounds of land in his manor of Wantage, Berkshire to the church of Oseney, with the counsel of Henry d'Oilly his half-brother. Sometime in the period, 1153-67, he witnessed a charter of Wigan of Wallingford. He married before 1162 MAUD D'AVRANCHES, widow of William de Courcy (or ?Geoffrey de Crimes?), and daughter of Robert d'Avranches, by ___, daughter of Gelduin de Dol. They had one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, was heiress of Richard Fitz Baldwin. In 1162 he granted St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter two ferlings of land in his manor of Calvalegie juxta Cobbalegiam, together with a man named Edwium son of Wranhi; charter was granted with with the consent of his wife, Maud d'Avranches. ROBERT FITZ ROY died 31 May 1172. His widow, Maud, died 21 Sept. 1173. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farms of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Coll. Top. et Gen. 1 (1834): 188 ("C. Rob[er]ti filii Henrici Regis per concessionem Mathildis, filiz Roberti de Avrenchis et heredis Ricardi filii Baldewini, dans totam vincam quam Rob'tus fil. Baldewini et Ricardus fester ejus Eccl. S.N. dederunt."), 382 (charter dated 1162 of Robert son of King Henry, granted with consent of Maud d'Avranches his wife [Robertus filius Regis Henrici, assensu Matillidis de Abrinco uxoris meae to St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter). Dugdale Monasticon Anglican = 5 (1846): 377-382 (Ford Abbey, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia: "Obijt denique vir ejus secundus, dominus Robertus filius regis Henrici anno Domini M.clxxii. pridie calendas Junii [31 May], et post ipsum vicecomitissa Matildis, itaque de Aubrincis ut prius nuncupata, undecimo calendas Octobris [21 Sept.] anno Domini M.clxxiii. et regni regis Henrici secundi 19."); 6(1) (1830): 253 (charter of Robert son of King Henry [Robertus Henrici regis filius]; charter names his [half-]brother [fratris], Henry d'Oilly). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Priory of Hexham 1 (Surtees Soc. 64) (1864): 138 (Chronicle of John, Prior of Hexham: "Emissi sunt autem ducenti milites cum Rodberto, filio Edae et Henrici Regis notho, et Johanne Marascaldo ...."). Freeman Reign of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 723. Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): 374 (charter of Robert son of King Henry dated c.1150). Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 3 (1881): 1-3. Maitland Bracton's Note Book 2 (1887): 137-138 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that he was the son of Hawise, the first born daughter of Maud d'Avranches; Hawise's sister, Maud de Courtenay, who was the plaintiff in the lawsuit, in turn testified that the said Hawise was the daughter of Geoffrey de Crimes (or Crunes, Cruues), the 1st husband of Maud d'Avranches), 404-405; 3 (1887): 450-452 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that his mother, Hawise, was the daughter of William de Curcy, husband of Maud d'Avranches). Notes & Gleanings 2 (1889): 50-56. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-254 (list of knights fees held by Robert Fitz Roy in 1166). Note-book of Tristram Risdon (1897): 53-56. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 73, 75, 101-102. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Seversmith Colonial Fams. of Long Island New York & Connecticut 5 (1958): 2426-2428. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.650, XIII.995. Reedy Basset Charters c.1120 to 1250 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 50) (1995): 25-26 (charter dated 1146-7 of Empress Maud daughter of King Henry I and her son, Henry; charter witnessed by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and Robert Fitz Roy). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Fizzard Plympton Priory (2008): 62, footnote 26. Child of Robert Fitz Roy, by Maud d'Avranches: a. MAUD FITZ ROBERT, married REYNOLD DE COURTENAY, of Sutton, Berkshire [see COURTENAY 1]. ii. ALICE FITZ ROY. In the period, ?1130-35, she witnessed a charter of her step-father, Robert d'Oilly, and her mother, Edith. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 72-73 (Alice daughter of the king [Adeliza Lila Reg.] witness to charter of Robert d'Oilly, his wife, and son dated ?1130-35). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Nest, wife of Gerald of Windsor, Constable of Pembroke, and daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwt, Prince of South Wales: i. HENRY FITZ ROY, of Pembrokeshire. He was killed during King Henry II's invasion at Anglesea in 1157 or 1158. He married ___. They had two sons, Meiler Fitz Henry [Justiciar of Ireland] and Robert, and presumably one daughter, Amabilis Fitz Henry (wife of Walter de Ridelisford). Williams ab Ithel Annales Cambriaes (Rolls Ser.) (1860): 47 (sub A.D. 1158: "Henricus filius Geraldi occisus est, velut alii volunt, filius Henrici regis ..."). Dimock Geraldus Cambrensis: Itinerarium Kambrice, et Descriptio Kambriæ (Geraldus Cambrensis Opera 6) (Rolls Ser.) (1868): 130 (Date: A.D. 1157: "Fuerant autem duo nobiles viti, et ejus qui scripsit haec avunculi, cum aliis hue a rege transmissi: Henricus scilicet regis Henrici primi filius, et secundi avunculus, ex nobili Nesta, Resi filii Theodori filia, in australi Kambria Demetiae finibus oriundus; et Robertus Stephani filius, Henrici frater non germanus sed uterinus."), 130, footnote 2 ("The death of Henry, her [Nest's] son by [King] H[enryl I., in this attack on Anglesea, is placed by Brut under 1156, in Ann. Camb. under 1158. By the former he is called Henry son of King Henry; by the latter, Henry son of Girald, or, according to others, son of king Henry. He was the father of the famous Meiler, the great hero of the Irish invasion."). Gilbert Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin 1 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 30-31 (charter of Walter de Ridelisford to St. Mary's Abbey; charter granted with consent of his wife, Amabilis Fitz Henry and witnessed by Meiler Fitz Henry). Orpen Ireland under the Normans 1 (1911): 18 (ped. chart). Jour. Royal Soc. of Antiqs. Ireland 82 (1952): 46-61. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.656. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 298-299 (biog. of Meiler Fitzhenry). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith: i. MAUD (or MATHILDE, MAHAUT) OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 (as his 1st wife) ROTROU II “the Great,” Count of Perche, seigneur of Belleme, son and heir of Geoffroi, Count of Mortagne and Perche, by Beatrix, daughter of Count Hilduin, Count of Montdidier and Roucy. He was born about 1080. Her maritagium likely included the manors of Aldboume and Wanborough, Wiltshire. They had two daughters, Philippe and Felicie. During the 1st Crusade, he fought at the Siege of Nicaea in mid-1097. He commanded a division that broke out of Antioch in June 1098. He crusaded against the Muslims in Spain probably in 1108. In 1114 he aided his father-in-law, King Henry I, at the Siege of Belleme. At the request of his wife, Maud, a hide of land at Wanborough, Wiltshire was given to Lewes Priory. His wife, Maud, was drowned in the shipwreck of the White Ship 25 Dec. 1120. He was Governor of Tudela in Aragon and participated in campaigns in Aragon from 1123 until the mid-1130s. He returned to Perche by 1135. He married (2nd) before 1126 HAWISE OF SALISBURY, daughter of Walter of Salisbury (also known as Walter Fitz Edward), of Chitterne, Wiltshire, Great Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, North Aston, Oxfordshire, etc., hereditary Sheriff of Wiltshire, Constable of Salisbury Castle, by Sibyl, daughter of Patrick de Chaources (or Sourches) [see LONGESPEE 2 for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Geoffroi, Rotrou (III) [Count of Perche], and Etienne [Archbishop-elect of Palermo]. After King Henry I's death in 1135, he and his nephew, Richer de l'Aigle, extorted the castles of Moulins and Bonmoulins as the price for their support for King Stephen. In 1139 he was taken in the English king's pay and defeated the unruly knights of Breteuil. ROTROU II, Count of Perche, died 6 May 1144 at the Siege of the Towe of Rouen, he then being in the service of Empress Maud and her husband, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. His widow, Hawise, married (2nd) (as his 1st wife) ROBERT I, Count of Dreux and Braille [see DREUX 6], and, in right of his 1st wife, Count of Perche, seigneur of Bellème, younger son of Louis VI, King of France, by Alix, daughter of Humbert II, Count of Savoy and Maurienne [see FRANCE 5 for his ancestry]. They had one daughter, Alix (wife successively of Waleran III, seigneur of Breteuil, Guy II, seigneur of Châtillon-sur-Marne, Jean I, seigneur of Torote, Châtellain de Noyon, and Raoul I de Nesle, Count of Soissons). His wife, Hawise, died in 1152. Robert I, Count of Dreux and Braine, died 11 October 1188. Duchesne Histoire Généalogique de la Maison Royale de Dreux (1631): 13-42. Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 74-75 (sub Capetians), 423-425 (sub Comtes de Dreux). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Des Murs Hist. des Comtes du Perche de la Fam. des Rotrou (1856). Herald & Genealogist 3 (1866): 173-176. Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 255 (Genealogiæ Fusniacensis: "Rotaldus comes, prefati comitis filius, duxit filiam regis Anglie, de qua filiam procreavit. "). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 3940 (charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche, dated c.1119; charter witnessed by his sister [soror], Juliane, and her son, Richer), 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe). Money Hist. of the Ancient Town & Borough of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Boulais Receuil des Antiquitéz du Perche (1890). Romanet de Beaune Géographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (1894): 33-35. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 419 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "6 [Obiit] Rotrodos comes."). Lalizel Abbaye Royal d'Arcisses (Archives du Diocèse de Chartres 10) (1900): 3-10 (charters of Rotrou, Count of Perche). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. VCH Wiltshire 9 (1970): 174-186; 12 (1983): 67-86. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Traditio 41(1985): 145-179. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.649. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France (2002). Hollister Henry I (2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Power Norman Frontier in the Twelfth & Early Thirteenth Centuries (2004): 360-361. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Geoffrey Grossus Life of Blessed Bernard of Tiron (2009): 71, footnote 1. Child of Maud (or Mathilde) of England, by Rotrou II of Perche: a. PHILIPPE OF PERCHE, married HELIE OF ANJOU, Count of Maine, younger son of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine. They had one daughter, Beatrix (wife of Jean I, Count of Alençon). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe [assensu generis mei Helie filieque mee Romanet de Beaune Geographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30-31 ("... Helias vero ...comes Cenomannonun factus est, et xx annis adepto consulatu strenue potitis est. Heres quoque soceri sin Gervasii de Castro Lidi factus est, eujus filiam habuit, ex qua filiam nomine Eremburgem genuit, quam domino suo Fulconi, Andegavorum comiti, in matromonium copulavit … Uxor ejus ei filiam, Eremburgem nomine, peperit, quae, nubilibus annis, Fulconi, Andegavorum tunc comiti, nunc Ierosolymorum regi, nupsit et generosam sobolem genuit: Joffredum et Heliam, Mathildem et Sibyllam, quae filiis regum solemniter nupserunt"). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by various mistresses: i. GILBERT FITZ ROY. He was still young and unmarried in 1142. Nothing more is known of him. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 281 286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.660. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. WILLIAM DE TRACY. He died soon after his father. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121 (author states in error that William de Tracy had a daughter and heiress, Grace, wife of John de Sudeley, of Sudeley Castle and Toddington, Gloucestershire). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.659. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). iii. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ENGLAND, married CONAN III, Duke of Brittany [see BRITTANY 3]. iv. JULIANE OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 EUSTACHE DE PACY (or DE BRETEUIL), seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, illegitimate son of Guillaume, seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, by an unknown mistress. They had two sons, Guillaume and Roger, and two daughters. In 1119 he took part in the rebellion against King Henry I, who besieged his wife, Juliane, at Breteuil. She fled to Pacy, and in the autumn of 1119 Eustache and Juliane were pardoned by the king. A few years later she became a nun at Fontevrault. EUSTACHE DE PACY died at the beginning of Lent 1136, Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Depoin Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Saint-Martin de Pontoise (1895): 470-476 (Famille d'Ivry). C.P. 8 (1932): 209-210 (sub Lovel); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X11.648. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 304 (Fitz Osbem ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Norrnandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). v. MABEL OF ENGLAND, married before c.1125 GUILLAUME GOUET (or GORT), seigneur of Montmirail and Alluyes, son and heir of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail, Alluyes, Authon, la Bazoche-Gouet, Brou, and Château-du-Loir, by his wife, Eustachie Crespon. They had one son, Guillaume [seigneur of Montmirail]. He joined his parents and his brothers, Robert and Matthew, in the foundation of the Priory of St. Giles des Chateigniers as a cell of Tiron. In 1114, as William Gouet junior, he was one of the nobles of Thibaut, Count of Chartres, whom the count called to advise him. In 1116, with his father and mother, he gave judgment in a dispute between the abbey of Marmoutier and Gaston de Brou. As "Guillaume Goët le jeune," he witnessed a charter of Guillaume de Mesmerand to the leproserie of Chateaudun c.1120. He succeeded his father before c.1125. He made an agreement c.1125 with the Prior of Saint-Denis de Nogent regarding the churches of Ceton and Saint-Ulphace. He likewise gave c.1125 to the monks of Saint-Denis the church of Unverre that Gaston de Brou gave them and that his mother Eustachie unjustly retained; for which gift he received 10 livres and his wife, Mabel, 100 sous. About 1127 he witnessed a charter of Ives de Courville, by which he quitclaimed his land in Courville to Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. In 1136 he granted various privileges to Tiron Abbey. In 1140 he confirmed the gift of Bois-Ruffin made by Ursion de Meslay. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Guérard Cartulaire de Saint Père de Chartres 2 (1840): 471-476, 483-486, 494-495. Lépinois Histoire de Chartres 1 (1854): /41. Etudes sur le Maine, Noblesse du Maine aux Crusades (1859): 49-50. Charles & Elbenne Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans (1886-1913): Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbve de la Sainte-Trinité di Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cix (arms of Guillaume Goet dated 1139: Mi-parti au 1er d'argent à deux chevrons de sable; au 2e trois chevrons brisés d'or), 24-27, 78-79, 104-106. Merlet Inventaire-sommaire des Archives départementales anterieures (11790: Eure-et-Loir, Archives Ecclésiastiques, Serie H 8 (1897): 161. Souancé & Métais Saint-Denis de Nogent-le-Rotrou 1031-1789: Histoire et Cartulaire (1899): LVII-LIX, 103-104 (charter of Guillaume Gouet junior son of Guillaume Gouet dated c.1125), 104-106 (charter dated c.1125 naming Guillaume [Gouet] junior, son of Eustachie wife of [Guillaume] Gouet, and his wife, Mabel), 164-166. Bulls. de la Societé Dunoise Archeologie, Histoire, Sciences & Arts 10 (1904): 171-188. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.663, XIII.1014. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Child of Mabel of England, by Guillaume Gouet: a. GUILLAUME GOUET, seigneur of Montmirail, married ISABELLE (or ELIZABETH) OF BLOIS, Duchess of Apulia [see DONZY 4]. vi. CONSTANCE OF ENGLAND, married ROSCELIN DE BEAUMONT, Vicomte of Beaumont-en-Maine [see BEAUMONT 3]. vii. ALINE OF ENGLAND, married MATHIEU DE MONTMORENCY, seigneur of Montmorency [see LEICESTER 3 {sic: MONTMORENCY 3}]. v. SIBYL OF ENGLAND, married ALEXANDER I, King of Scots [see SCOTLAND 1.v], younger son of Malcolm III (Ceannmor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for his parentage]. He was born about 1077. They had no issue. By an unknown mistress, he had an illegitimate son, Malcolm. He became King of Scotland in 1107 on the death of his elder brother, Edgar, King of Scots. He and his wife, Sibyl, founded the monastery of Scone in Perthshire in 1113-14. He was also a benefactor to Durham and Dunfermline. He invaded Wales in summer 1114, in cooperation with King Henry I of England. His wife, Sibyl, died suddenly at Loch Tay 12 July 1122. ALEXANDER I, King of Scots, died at Stirling 23 April 1124, and was buried before the great altar at Dunfermline, Fife near his father. Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: “VII. Kal. Mali [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "VI. Id. Jul. [10 July] Ob. Sibilla Regina Scottorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Turnbull Extracta E Variis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 68 (Extracts ex Cronicis Scocie sub A.D. 1122: "Sibilla, illustris regine Scocie, uxor regis Alexandri, filia Henrici Beuclerk regis Anglie, apud Lochtay cellam canonicorum de Scona obiit anno Domini Moc.xxij"). Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis 2 (1849): 78 (sub A.D. 1123: "Alexander rex Scottorum, VII. kal. Maii [25 April], obiit."). Liber Ecclesie de Scone (1863): 1-3 (charter of Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl; charter witnessed by his nephew [nepos], Alexander, and by William, brother of the queen [frater regine]). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 3 (sub Kings of Scotland). Lawrie Early Scottish Charters prior to A.D. 1153 (1905): 28-30 (charter to Scone Priory dated c.1120 issued by Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl, "filia Henrici Regis Angliae"), 262. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 50-57. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.655, XIII.205. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 57. Duncan Kingship of the Scots 842-1292 (2002). Barrow Kingdom of the Scots (2003): 1541-56. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Oram David I: The King Who Made Scotland (2004). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 313 (Scotland ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I, by Isabel of Meulan, daughter of Robert of Meulan (or de Beaumont), Count of Meulan, by Isabel (or Elizabeth), daughter of Hugues le Grand Count of Crepy [see VERMANDOIS 5 for her ancestry]. Isabel de Meulan married (1st) Gilbert Fitz Gilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 6 Jan. 1147/8) [see PEMBROKE 3] and (2nd) Ralph Bluet, of Silchester, Hampshire and Lacock, Wiltshire (living 1167) [see PEMBROKE 3]. She was allegedly living in 1172. i. ISABEL OF ENGLAND. She and her mother, Countess Isabel, witnessed two undated charters of her half-brother, Richard Fitz Gilbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Her subsequent history is unknown. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 10 (1855): 261-263 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to the monks of Usk; charter witnessed by Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter, Ralph Bloet, and Walter Bloet). C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 361 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Gilbert to Goldcliff Priory; charter witnessed by Isabel the earl's mother and Isabel his sister). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-102 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke) ("Actually there is no reasonable doubt that Isabel [de Meulan]s daughter bore her mother's name, lived with her after the elder Isabel's marriage, and continued to do so after her step-father's death. For the first two witnesses to the 2nd Earl of Pembroke's charter for Usk are the Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter; and in the charter for Goldcliff Priory the first two witnesses are Isabel the Earl's mother and Isabel the Earl's sister. There is no evidence that she ever married."); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.657. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Alleged but unlikely daughter of King Henry I: i. EMMA OF ENGLAND, married GUY DE LAVAL, seigneur of Laval. Hollister Henry 1(2001): 228 ("Bertrand de Brousillon, La Maison de Laval, 1: 79: 'on pretend meme que l’abbaye de Clermont aurait conserve longtemps une tombe sur laquelle on lisait EMMA ANGLORUM REGIS FILIA DOMINAQUE LAVALLENSIS.' The author dismisses this tradition on the grounds that Robert of Torigny omits 'Emma' from his list of Henry's daughters, but the list is by no means complete. Emma is absent from the list of Henry I's illegitimate daughters in CP, 11, app. D, pp. 112-121.").”	Edith (I6383)
6046	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY nicknamed “Beauclerc,” King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Cotentin, 4th son, born in 1068 or 1069. He married (1st) 11 Nov. 1100 MAUD OF SCOTLAND, daughter of Malcolm III (CeannMor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for her parentage]. She was born in 1079. They had one son, William, and one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, died at Westminster 1 May 1118. He married (2nd) at Windsor, Berkshire 29 Jan. 1121 ALICE (or AELIZ, ALEIDE, ALEYDA, AELIDIS, ADELIDE, ADELIDIS, ADELAIDIS, ADELIZA, ADELIZE, ATHELICE) OF LOUVAIN, daughter of Gottfried (or Godefroy) I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Louvain, by his 1st wife, Ida, daughter of Otto II, Count of Chiny. She was born about 1103. They had no issue. By various mistresses, he had eight illegitimate sons, Robert [Earl of Gloucester], Richard, Fulk, Reynold [Earl of Cornwall], Robert, Gilbert, William de Tracy, and Henry, and nine illegitimate daughters, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Rotrou II, Count of Perche), Alice, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Conan III, Duke of Brittany), Juliane (wife of Eustache de Pacy, seigneur of Breteuil and Pacy), Mabel (wife of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail), Constance (wife of Roscelin de Beaumont), Aline (wife of Mathieu de Montmorency), Sibyl (wife of Alexander I, King of Scots), and Isabel.* HENRY I, King of England died at Lyons-la-Forêt (near Rouen), Normandy 1 Dec. 1135, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. His widow, Alice, married (2nd) after Dec. 1136 but later than summer 1139 WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, Earl of Lincoln, afterwards 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), hereditary Chief Butler of England, Privy Councillor to King Henry I [see CLIFTON 3]. They had four sons, William [2nd Earl of Arundel or Sussex], Reiner, Henry, and Godfrey, and two daughters, Alice (wife of Jean I, Count of Eu and Alvred de Saint Martin) and Olive. He was a witness to King Stephen's 2nd Charter of Liberties in 1136. He was created Earl of Lincoln c.1138. He gave shelter to Empress Maud at Arundel Castle in 1139, but afterwards adhered to King Stephen. His earldom was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex before Christmas 1141. In his own later charters he is styled Earl of Chichester. About 1145 he witnessed a charter of Henry Hussey as "Consul Willelmo de Cicesterr." His wife, Alice, presented to the prebend of West Dean in 1150. Alice, dowager Queen of England, died as a nun at Affligem Abbey in Brabant 25 (or 26) March 1151, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. He was influential in arranging the treaty of 1153, whereby the Crown continued with King Stephen for life, though the inheritance thereof was secured to Henry II. He subscribed his name to this instrument as "Comes Cicestrie." By grant dated c.1155, King Henry II confirmed to him as "William, Earl of Arundel" the Castle of Arundel, with the whole honour of Arundel and all its appurtenances. He served as Joint Ambassador to France and to the Pope in 1163/4. He served as Chief Ambassador with Princess Maud to Germany in 1168. He was appointed joint Commander of the royal army in Normandy in 1173. In Sept. 1173 he assisted in the defeat near Bury St. Edmunds of the Earl of Leicester. He founded Buckenham Abbey, Norfolk and Pynharn Priory, Sussex. WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), died at Waverley Abbey, Surrey 4 (or 12) October 1176, and was buried at Wymondham Priory, Norfolk. [Footnote *: In 1824 the Scottish historian Chalmers stated that King Henry I of England had an illegitimate daughter, Elizabeth, who married Fergus, lord of Galloway (died 1161). [see Chalmers Caledonia 3 (1824): 250, footnote k ("Fergus [lord of Galloway] ... was a prince of some note, even at the court of Henry I. of England, is certain : as he took to wife, according to the heralds, genealogists, and chroniclers, Elizabeth, the natural daughter of Henry I.")]. Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway), however, debunked Chalmers' statement, noting that the authorities quoted by Chalmers "do not bear out his assertion." Even so, other secondary sources have continued to repeat Chalmers' unfounded claim: See, for example, Mackenzie History of Galloway (1841): 167-172 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England"); Anderson Scottish Nation 2 (1862): 195 ("Fergus, lord of Galloway ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England ..."); M'Kerlie Galloway in Ancient & Modern Times (1891): 155 ("It is necessary to repeat here that Fergus married Elizabeth, the natural daughter of King Henry I. of England."); Maxwell Hist. of Dumfries & Galloway (1896): 47-48 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, natural daughter of Henry I., and sister of Sibilla, who married Alexander I., brother of David."); Ramsay Angevin Empire (1903): 90, footnote 7 ("Gunfrith [i.e., Godred] was son of Olaf, by Afreca, daughter of Fergus of Galloway, by 'Elisabeth,' reputed natural daughter of Henry I."); Oram Lordship of Galloway (2000): 60; Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Barrow Robert Bruce (1965): 36, footnote 2 notes that "Roger Howden calls Uchtred son of Fergus of Galloway a cousin of King Henry II (Gesta Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Ser., i, 80)," a relationship which Professor Barrow states "is best explained on the supposition that Fergus married a bastard daughter of Henry I." However, given that King Henry II of England had a Scottish grandmother, a more likely explanation of the kinship between the Galloway and English royal families is that the wife of Fergus was near related to the Scottish royal family, possibly being a sister of William Fitz Duncan, whose grandfather was Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots [died 1093]. This arrangement would make Uchtred son of Fergus and King Henry II of England related in the 3rd degree of kindred (or second cousins).] D'Achery Spicilegium 10 (1671): 612-613 (Continuatio Chronici Afflegemiensis: "Filia præfati Ducis Aleidis juncta matrimonio Regi Angliæ, post obitum secundi con jugis Afflegemiensis Claustri solitudinem ad reliquum vitæ ad humandum corpus elegit in domo turti Ecclesiæ contigua, cum una aut akera ancilla in Fratrum Afflegemiensiurn quieta taciturna multitudine solitaria habitavit, & beato fine quievit, de qua epitaphium: Aleidis Regina Anglim, filia Ducis Godefridi cum barba, Regnum suscepit in Anglia an MCXXI. obiit 9 Kal. Maii [23 April], sepulta è regione horologii nostri."). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 30 (Kalendar of Obits: "IIII Non. December [2 December]. Obitus Henrici Regis."). Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 32-34. Morice Mémoires pour servir de Preuves à l'Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne 1 (1742): 130 (Extract of Cronicle of Robert, Abbot of Mont Saint Michel: "Anno 1135. Obiit Henricus I. Rex Anglorum in prima die Decembris, cum regnasset annis 35. & 4 mensibus."). Brequigny & Mouchet Table Chronologique des Diplômes, Chartes, Titres ... concernant l’Histoire de France 3 (1783): 236 (charter dated c.1155 of Alice Queen of the English [Adelaidis reginæ Anglorum]). Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: Kal. Maii [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 218 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "IV. Non. Dec. [2 December] Ob Henricus Rex Anglorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Norrnands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXI)). Tierney Hist. & Antiqs. of the Castle & Town of Arundel 1 (1834): 169-179. Michel Histoire des Ducs de Normandie et des Rois D'Angleterre (1840): 69 ("Li rois Henrie, quant la roine Mehaus fu morte, prist à feme Aalis, la fille Godefroi le duc de Louvaing, la cousine Wistasse [Eustace] de Bouloigne; mais n'en ot nul enfant. Si ot-il de bas .vj. Ills et .vij. fines"). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 135-211 (biog. of Matilda of Scotland), 212-256 (biog. of Adelicia of Louvaine). Barrett Memorials of the parochial Church ... in the Parish of Attleborough (1848): 12-41. Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis 2 (1849): 74 (Maud [of Blois], Countess of Chester, styled "niece" to King Henry I of England [neptis regis1). Ordericus Vitalis Ecclesiastical Hist. of England & Normandy 3 (1854): 482 (Roger Fitz Roger and Walter d'Aufay [Aufai] styled "cousins" to King Henry I at Battle of Bremule in 1119 by Ordericus Vitalis). Arch. Journal 20 (1863): 283 ("Adeliza appears to have used the identical matrux of the seal which had belonged to the first queen of Henry I., the name-Aalidis-having been substituted for Matli[Idis), 287-288 (charter of Queen Alice [Aelidis regina] ... There is appended ... a pointed oval seal of white wax .... device, a female figure standing ... The legend is + SIGILLVM • AALIDIS • SECVND[AE • DE]I • GRACIA • REGINAE • ANGLIE.), 288-289 (charter of Queen Alice [A. Dei gracia Regina]); 22 (1865): 152-153 (charter of William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Lincoln; charter names Queen Alice his wife [regina Adelidis]). Sussex Arch. Colls. 15 (1863): 112-113. Luard Annales Monastici 1 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1864): 14 (Margam Annals sub 1151: "Obiit Adelidis, regina secunda Henrici regis."); 3 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1866): 433 (Bermondsey Annals sub A.D. 1121: "Hoc anno rex Henricus primus duxit Adelizam, filiam ducis Lovaniae, in uxorem, tertio nonas Februarii [3 February]."). Burke Gen. Hist, of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited & Extinct Peerages (1866): 2-3 (sub Albini, Earls of Arundel). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. (1867): 21-33 ("In the Register of the Priory of Bromhale, we find the record of his death under the date of the 4th day of October, 22nd of Henry II (A.D. 1176), in the following words, `obiit Willielmus Comes Arundel' (no mention of Sussex or Chichester), et `sepultus est in prioratus de Wymondham.’"). Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptorum 20 (1868): 67 (Orderic Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, Liber X: Roger Fitz Richard [de Clare) styled "kinsman" [cognatus) of King Henry I of England). Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104-108 (discusses evidence that King Henry I had an illegitimate daughter, Maud (or Mathilde)/Almodis, who was Abbess of Montivilliers). Ellis Antiqs. of Heraldry (1869): 206-207 (Aubigny ped.). Lower Compendious Hist. of Sussex 1 (1870): 70 (Robert de Haia, founder of Boxgrove Priory, styled "king's kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry I). Delisle Delisle Chronique de Robert de Tongni 1 (1872): 215 (sub A.D. 1139: "Invitarerat enim eos Willermus de Albinneio, qui duxerat Aeliz quondam reginam, quæ habebat castellum et comitatum Hardundel, quod rex Henricus dederat ei in dote."); 2 (1873): 63-64 ("Cessit etiam in fata Willermus de Albineio, quem vocabant comitem d'Arundel, relinquens filios quatuor, scilicet Guillermum de Albineio pritnogenitum, et alios tres natos ex Aeliza regina, uxore primi Henrici regis Anglorum."). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1874): 298 (sub 1176: "comes etiam Willelmus de Arundel obiit quarto idus Octobris [12 October] apud Waverle, et sepultus eat apud Wimundham, cellam scilicet ecclesiæ Sancti Albani, cujus cellæ patronus fuisse dinoscitur."). Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Obiit autem Matildis regina Anglia anno regni sui xviiio, kalendis Maii [1 May], et apud Radingas sepulta est."). Merlet Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cviii (arms of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy dated 1115: D'argent au cavalier d'azur). D.N.B. 1 (1885): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1(1886): 66 (sub Arundel). Raine Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1886): 169 (History of the Four Archbishops by Hugh the Chantor - King Henry I and Pope Calixtus II were kinsmen: "Nam præter spiritualem patris et filii relationem, carnali consanguinitate propinqui erant, quorum avus et avia frater et soror fuerunt." (Note: Pope Calixtus II was a younger son of William I, Count of Burgundy, whose mother Alice was daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 5-8 (seal of King Henry I - Obverse. King, seated in majesty, in an undercoat with sleeves tight at wrists, and loose skirts reaching below knees; and long flowing cloak fastened at throat and spreading out behind, which has a border, with indications of a fur of symmetrical pattern. On the head a cap-shaped crown, with three fleurs-de-lis, one at top and one at either side, and two chin-straps hanging loosely at sides, the ends having buckles in shape of trefoils. In right hand, extended outwards from elbow, a sword is held almost perpendicularly. In left hand, similarly extended, an orb, ensigned with a long cross pattee pommettee. Throne, apparently square, and closely resembling that of William II.; the centre curves with a bold cusp inwards, with a string-course, and is the narrowest part. In lower of two compartments thus made, is a footboard, not enough remaining to show original size. On throne a flat cushion with square edge, carrying at each end a hemispherical ornament, intended for pillow. Reverse. King, hauberk of chain-mail; conical helmet, having a blunt point at crown of head, and perhaps armed with projecting nose-piece; single pointed spur of goad form; long lance to which is attached a banner, charged with cross moline, and three pairs of waving streamers. No indication of sword. In left hand, held by interior strap, a kite-shaped shield, seen from within. The horse is walking to the right hand, caparisoned with breast-band, which is ornamented by five globular pendants equi-distant. Saddle of small dimensions; with stirrups. The loosely gathered reins are held up in left hand, which also sustains shield. Legend: + HENRIC' D... ... ...). Round "An Unknown Mistress of Henry I." in Eng. Hist. Rev. 5 (1890): 745-746. Luard Flores Historiarum 2 ((Rolls Ser.) 1890): 69 ("Anno gratix MCLIo [1151]. Obiit Adelicia regina, uxor regis Stephani;" the editor notes that the name "Stephani" is erased in Ch. and altered to "Henrici I."). Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (Docs. sur la Province du Perche 3rd Ser. 2) (1894): 40-43. Recueil des Historiens des Castles et de la France 23 (1894): 471 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: "25 Mart. Obiit Adelicia regina."), 476 (Ex Necrologio Monasterii Crucis Sancti Leufredi: "25 Mart. [Obiit] Adeliza, regina Anglorum."), 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Mali. [Obiit] Matildis, regina Anglorum."), 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "12 Oct. [Obiit] Guillelmus, comes de Arundel."), 581 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Dec. [Obiit] Henricus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum."). Napier & Stevenson Crawford Coll. of early Charters & Docs. now in the Bodleian library (1895): 31 (William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Chichester dated c.1150; charter names his wife, Queen Alice [regina Adelide]). Bradshaw Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral Pt. 2 (1897): (obits. in the odd volume of the great Latin Bible), ccxxxviii (2 May - "Matildis regina uxor Henrici regis."), ccxlii (2 Dec. - "Henricus, pacificus rex Anglorum."). Trans. East Herts Arch. Soc. 1(1) (1901): 129-135 (charter of Queen Alice widow of King Henry I dated 1136 [Adelidis regina uxor nobillisimi regis Henrici & filia Godefridi ducis lotharingie]. C.C.R. 1227-1231 (1902): 530 (confirmation of gift of Alice, formerly Queen of England). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 316 (Abbaye de Saint-Denis: "kal. Maius [1 May] Ob. Matildis, Anglorum regina [1118]."), 523 (Prieure de Longpont: "kaL maii. [1 May] [obit.] Maltidis, Anglorum regina [1118]."). Warner & Ellis Facsimiles of Royal & Other Charters in the British Museum 1 (1903): #14 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Lincoln dated c.1139-40; charter names his wife, Queen Adeleidis), #27 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Chichester dated 1151-2; charter names his wife, Queen Athelice). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 1-2 (sub Kings of Scotland). Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 25-34. Eng. Hist. Rev. 21(1906): 505-509. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 2 (1906): 241 (Obituaire of Prieure de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan: "Henricus, rex Anglorum, frater noster, III nonas decembris [3 Dec.] [1135]."), 661 (Nécrologe of Abbaye de Saint-Jean-en-Vallée: 12 Dec.] IIII non. Obiit Henricus, Anglorum rex [1135], ecclesiarum amator praecipuus."). Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway) ("[Fergus, lord of Galloway] is said to have married Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of King Henry I. of England, but the authorities quoted by Chalmers, who makes the statement, do not bear out his assertion."). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Urseau Cartulaire Moir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (1908): 167-168 (charter of King Henry I dated c.1111=20). Gomme Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1909): 217 (sub A.D. 1100: Maud of Scotland, 1st wife of King Henry I, styled "kinswoman to king Edward [the Confessor] and of the true royal race of England."), 239-240 (sub A.D. 1127: Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone], Abbot of Saint-Jean of Angély (in Poitou), afterwards Abbot of Peterborough styled "kinsman" [mæi] of [Henry I] King of England and [Guillaume] Count of Poitou) [see also Earle and Plummer Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel 1 (1892): 257; English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-5601. CP. 1 (1910): 233-235, 237 (chart) (sub Arundel); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Round King's Serjeants & Officers of State (1911): 140-165. English Hist. Rev. 34 (1919): 303-382. Farrer Outline Itinerary of King Henry 1 (1920). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) XI 112. Rübel-Blass (1939) 257 (biographical information). G.H. White "Henry I's Illegitimate Children," in C.P. 11 (1949), Appendix D, 105-121. Leys Sandford Cartulary 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 22) (1941): 216. Johnson et al. Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066-1154 2 (1956): 148 (John [son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent], a royal chaplain, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of King Henry I of England in charter dated 1117-19). C.R.R. 12 (1957): 157-158 (Sibyl de Falaise, wife of Baldwin de Bolers, styled "kinswoman" [nepte] of King Henry I of England). Stenton First Century of English Feudalism, 1066-1166 (1961). Davis King Stephen (1967): 137 ("[King] Stephen recognized three successive earls of Lincoln ... The first was William d'Aubigny pincerna who married Queen Adeliza, widow of King Henry I, and in her right became lord of the honour and castle of Arundel. He styles himself William Earl of Lincoln in three charters in which his identity is proved by references to his wife. They are in favour of Lewes Priory and the abbeys of Reading and Affligem-and in the case of Affligem there is also a charter of Adeliza referring to her husband as earl of Lincoln (Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville 3245; Warner and Ellis, Facsimiles, no. 14; E. de Marneffe, Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Affligem in Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclesiastique de la Belgique, 2o section, pp. 104,106). In royal charters it is usually impossible to distinguish him from his successor, William de Roumare, since the normal style of both was Willelmus comes de Lincolnia, or (before he was an earl) from his father, William d'Aubignypincerna, who died before June 1139 (Reg. iii. 973). If Robert de Torigny is right (Chronicles iv. 137) William had married Adeliza by September 1139, and it is tempting to assume that it was on his marriage that he was made earl of Lincoln, his connection with that county being that his mother, Maud Bigod, was a grand-daughter, and possible co-heiress, of Robert de Tosny of Belvoir. We do not know precisely when he was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex, but it was certainly by Christmas 1141 when he attested a charter as Comite Willelmo de Sudsexa (Reg. iii. 276)."). Chibnall Ecclesiastical Hist. of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80): 317 (Vol. VI, Book XII - Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone] styled "kinsman" [cognato] of King Henry I of England) [see English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-560]. Albion 10 (1978): 330-340. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 95 (sub Hainault, Brabant); 2 (1984): 81 (sub England); 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Chibnall Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166 (1986). Green Government of England under Henry 1(1986). Hollister Monarchy, Magnates, & Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World (1986). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 1 (Camden Soc. 4th Ser. 31) (1986): 301, 369, 476. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.1.423, XII.371, X11.644-X11.645, XIII.207. Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 136 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "7 Kal. [Apr.] [26 March]. Obiit Atheliza regina."), 130 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit Rex Anglorum Henricus primus."), 146 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit rex Anglorum Henricus i."). Haskins Soc. Jour. 7 (1995): 101-116. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35, 57. Scottish Hirt. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I Pt 2 (List and Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 143 (confirmation c. 1172/81 of grant made by Queen Adela) (original published in Jour. of British Architetural Assoc. 17: 312). Scottish Hist. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Harper-Bill Anglo-Norman Studies XXI (1999): 145-168. Bartlett England under the Norman & Angevin Kings 1075-1225 (2000). Hollister Henry 1(2001). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.), 313 (Scotland ped.). Weller Die Heiratspolitik des deutschen Hochadels im 12. Jahrhundert (2004): 464-4.76 (biog. of Königin Adelheid von England) ("On page 476, Weller states: "Seine Gattin Adelheid von Lowen, die ehemalige Konigin von England, war schon 1151 wahrend des Bürgerkrieges verschieden und wurde in Reading beigesetzt ... Der Begräbnisort Kgn. Adelheids geht aus einem Schreiben Jocelins v. Löwen an Bf. Hilarius v. Chichester eindeutig hervor, vgl. Reading Abbey Cartularies 1, No. 551, 416E; s.a. Bartlett, England 596. Nicht stichhaltig ist demgegeniiber die van Sanderus, Chorographia 1, 45, verbreitete Nachricht, wonach Adelheid vor ihrem Tod in ihre Heimat übergesiedelt und im Kloster Afflighem gestoren and begraben sei; heirnach auch John Horace Round in dem Art.: Adeliza of Louvain, in DNB 1(1885): 137f.; Complete Peerage 1, 235. Allerdings ist Kgn. Adelheid als Wohltäterin von Afflighem aufgetreten unde hat dem Kloster einigen Besitz in England gestiftet; vgl. Cart. Afflighem, No. 79, 121-124 (hier 122)."). Verbeke Medieval Narrative Sources (2005): 21-36. Fleming Henry I & the Anglo-Norman World: Studies in Memory of C. Warren Hollister (2006). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006). Children of King Henry I of England, by Maud of Scotland: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, son and heir apparent, born in 1103. As his father's destined successor, he received the homage of the Normans barons in 1115, and that of the English witan in 1116. He married at Lisieux in May 1119 MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ANJOU, daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou. He was with his father at the Battle of Bremule in 1119. Early in 1120 King Louis of France invested him with the duchy of Normandy. He was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 160 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1120: "Willelmus filius Henrici Regis, & Ricardus frater ejus & Ricardus Comes de Cestria cum multis Nobilibus naufragio perierunt.”). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. D.N.B. 21(1909): 337 (biog. of William, son of Henry I, King of England). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 81 (sub England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.644. Caenegem English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I 1 (Selden Soc. 106) (1990): 180-181, 192-193, 213-214. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.). ii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, married (1st) HEINRICH V, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor; (2nd) GEOFFREY V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy [see next]. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by an unknown mistress, (possibly a member of the Bohun family): i. ROBERT FITZ ROY, Earl of Gloucester, married MABEL FITZ ROBERT [see GLOUCESTER 3]. Illegitimate sons of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Ansfride, widow of Anskill, a knight who was a tenant of Abingdon Abbey: i. RICHARD FITZ ROY, born before 1101. He served against the French in 1119, and was captured at Les Andelys. He was set free with his comrades by King Louis, because they had taken sanctuary in the church of Notre Dame du Grand Andely. Later the same year he was with his father at the Siege of Evreux and the Battle of Brémule. In Sept. 1119 he was sent to raise the Siege at Bréteuil. He was betrothed to Amice de Gael, daughter of Raoul, seigneur of Gael in Brittany and Bréteuil in Normandy. He was drowned immediately afterwards in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Amice subsequently married Robert of Meulan, 1st Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 6]. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Alium quoque habuit filium Ricardum, et cessavit parere... Navis enim infausta qun regis gestabat filios Willelrnum et Ricardum, submersa est, periitque in scopulis Barbefluvii."). C.P. 7 (1929): 527-530 (sub Leicester); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.646. Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni 2 (1992): 248-249 (Robert de Torigny: "Ricardus autem, huius comitis uno de patre frater, cum fratre suo Willelmo in sepedicto naufiagio periit."). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. FULK FITZ ROY. Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(II.647. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Sibyl Corbet: i. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall, Sheriff of Devon, 1173-5. He married in 1140 MABEL FITZ WILLIAM, daughter of William Fitz Richard, of Cornwall. They had one son, Nicholas, and four daughters, Denise (wife of Richard de Redvers, Earl of Devon), Maud, Sarah (wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges), and Emme (wife of Guy V de Laval, seigneur of Laval). By a mistress, Beatrice de Valle (or Vaux) (afterwards wife of William Briwerre, Knt.), he had an illegitimate son, Henry Fitz Count. By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, William. He was granted the lands of William, Earl of Mortain, amounting to 215-1/2 fees in Devon and Cornwall. He was created Earl of Cornwall about April 1141. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, were recognized by contemporaries as "the most powerful men in the kingdom." His wife, Mabel, fell into insanity in the 1140s. He witnessed a charter of Henry d'Oilly in the period, 1114-47. In 1153 he witnessed the agreement between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy [afterwards King Henry II]. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, acted as intermediary between the king and Thomas Becket at Northampton in 1164. He played a major part in opposing the rebels of 1173-4 in England. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall died 1 July 1175, allegedly at Chertsey, Surrey, and was buried at Reading, Berkshire. Dugdale Baronage (1675): 702 (sub Briwere) ("[William Briwere] having married Beatrix de Valle, a Concubine, as 'tis said, to Reginald Earl of Cornwall (which is probable, for in a Grant made by Henry Son to the same Reginald [Earl of Cornwall], unto this William [Briwere], of the Mannor of Karswell, and Land of Hakford, he calls him his Brother")) [Note: Dugdale evidently intended to say that Henry Fitz Count's brother was William Briwere the younger, as it was William Briwere the elder was the husband of his mother, Beatrice de Valle]. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 6, 98 (undated charter of Reynold son of King Henry to William de Botreaux son of Alice Corbet his aunt [matertera]; charter witnessed by his son, Nicholas; his nephews/kinsmen [nepotibus], Ralph and Richard, and his brother, William), 112. Topographer 2 (1790): 288-291. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 2 (1836 11): 239-240 (Bruere or Briwere ped.). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 163 ("Deditque ibidem Hereberto filio Hereberti, et Willelmo fratri comitis Reginaldi, et Joelllano de la Pumerai, nepoti eorum, regnum be Limeric pro servitio sexaginta militum"), 172 ("Nam Herbertus, et Willelmus, fratres Reginaldi comitis Cornubiae, et Joellanus de Purnetia nepos eorum, regnum illud havere noluerunt; sed illud reddiderunt domino regi et Johanni filio suo liberum et quietum ab omni calurnnia eorum"). Le Fizelier Mémoire chronologique de Maucourt de Bourjolly sur la Ville de Laval 1 (1886): 136-142. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-253 (William brother of Earl Reynold [Willelmus frater Comitis Reginaldi] held 1/2 knight's fee of Robert Fitz Roy in 1166), 261-262 (William brother of the Earl [Willelmus frater Comitis] held four knight's fees Reynold, Earl of Cornwall in 1166). Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 455-456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 34. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 75. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Colls. Hist. Staffs. 1924 (1926): 9, 219. English Hist. Rev. 62 (1947): 352-377 (charter of William de Marsh brother of Reynold Earl of Cornwall [Willelmus de Marisco frater Reginaldi comitis Cornubie]). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II], later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Minor & Butler eds. Letters of John of Salisbury 1 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1955): 162-163. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987): 9-10 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1154-65), 10-11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1146-55), 11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 195-196 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1165-75, witnessed by his son, Nicholas), 196-197 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 197-198 (two confirmation charters of King Henry II of England naming his "uncle" [avunculus] Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, one dated c.1174-5, the other dated c.1174-6). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(11.651, X111.996-1000. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Hollister Henry 1(2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart).Cornwall Rec. Office: Borough of Truro, BTRU/1 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1161-66) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, by Mabel Fitz William: a. MAUD OF CORNWALL, married ROBERT II, Count of Meulan [see VERMANDOIS 7]. Illegitimate child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, allegedly by Beatrice de Valle: a. HENRY FITZ COUNT, of Liskeard, Cornwall and King's Kerswell, Devon, Constable of Totnes Castle, 1209, Governor of Portchester Castle, 1211, Sheriff of Cornwall, 1215, 1217-20, Constable of Launceston Castle and Warden of the Stanneries, 1215. In 1194 he was granted the manors of Liskeard, Cornwall and Diptford and King's Kerswell, Devon by the king. In 1196 he witnessed the Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by his alleged step-father, Sir William Briwerre. In 1215 he had a grant of the county of Cornwall from King John, to farm until the realm should be at peace. The grant was renewed by King Henry III 7 Feb. 1216/7. He resigned the county to the king in 1220, when he took the cross. HENRY FITZ COUNT died a crusader in 1222. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Hunter Catalogue of the MSS in the library of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn (1838): 13. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(2) (1846): 924 (Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by William Briwer). Oliver Monasticon Dioecesis Exoniensis (1846): 174 (charter of Henry son of Reynold Earl of Cornwall; charter granted for the souls of his brothers and his mother), 179, 183. Trans. Exeter Diocesan Architectural & Arch. Soc. 2nd Ser. 1 (1867): 133-134. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 31(1870): 5. Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 21. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 9 (1902): 295-296 ("But Reginald de Dunstanville [i.e., Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall] had also by Beatrix de Valle (who afterwards became the wife of William Brewer, the judge of Henry II. and one of the regents of Richard I.) an illegitimate son named Henry FitzCount (sometimes FitzHenry), who became in after years also Earl of Cornwall."). Genealogist n.s. 20 (1904): 10-11. C.P. 3 (1913): 430 (sub Cornwall). Painter Reign of King John (1949): 231, 290, 348, 358-359. Hobbs Cartulary of Forde Abbey (Somerset Rec. Soc. 85) (1998): 116 (charter of Henry Fitz Count dated 1200-22; charter witnessed by William Brewer). North Devon Rec. Office: Chichester of Arlington, 50/11/29/3 (confirmation of a gift of land dated early 13th Cent. from Henry son of Earl Reginald to William de Tracy of all his land of Wollecombe [in Mortehoe] and Boklande, Devon, which William and his ancestors held of Henry and his ancestors, lords of Bradneys, as the charter of Hugh Ruffus testifies. To have and to hold to the aforesaid William, his heirs and assigns, of Henry and his heirs for ever, rendering all due and customary services. Seal of Henry son of Earl Reginald - Round, natural wax, armorial, surrounded by legend giving name of owner, chipped. The arms on shield resemble those of Courtenay family, but the Courtenays did not become Earls till 14th Cent.) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Henry III Fine Rolls Project (Baldekin styled "kinsman" of H[enry] Fitz Count in a fine roll item dated 1220; by whom he was earlier granted lands in Cornwall formerly held by Robert de Tintagel) (available at www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_015.html). Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith, daughter of Forne son of Sigulf, lord of Greystoke, Cumberland. Edith subsequently married ROBERT D'OILLY, of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, Constable of Oxford Castle. They had two sons, Henry and Gilbert. He and his wife, Edith, founded Oseney Priory near Oxford in 1129. Robert d'Oilly died in Sept. 1142. Sometime in the period, c.1145-56, his widow, Edith, granted a toft in Huggate and 68-1/2 acres in the fields there to the poor of the Hospital of St. Peter, York. Leys Sandford Cartulary 1 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 19) (1938): 50 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith), 92 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated before June 1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith, and his son, Henry). Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 505-508, 510 (charter of Edith wife of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1145-56), 510-511 (charter of Henry d'Oilly dated c.1145-56; charter witnessed by his wife, Maud), 518-519. Hedley Northumberland Fares. (1968): 233. i. ROBERT FITZ ROY. He held land in Devonshire in 1130. He witnessed a charter of his step-father, Robert d'Oilly, in the period, ?1130-35. He supported his half-sister, Empress Maud, in the Civil War. In the period, 1144-7, he witnessed a charter of his half-brother, Henry d'Oilly. In 1146-7 he witnessed a charter of Empress Maud and her son, Henry. About 1150 he granted 10 pounds of land in his manor of Wantage, Berkshire to the church of Oseney, with the counsel of Henry d'Oilly his half-brother. Sometime in the period, 1153-67, he witnessed a charter of Wigan of Wallingford. He married before 1162 MAUD D'AVRANCHES, widow of William de Courcy (or ?Geoffrey de Crimes?), and daughter of Robert d'Avranches, by ___, daughter of Gelduin de Dol. They had one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, was heiress of Richard Fitz Baldwin. In 1162 he granted St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter two ferlings of land in his manor of Calvalegie juxta Cobbalegiam, together with a man named Edwium son of Wranhi; charter was granted with with the consent of his wife, Maud d'Avranches. ROBERT FITZ ROY died 31 May 1172. His widow, Maud, died 21 Sept. 1173. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farms of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Coll. Top. et Gen. 1 (1834): 188 ("C. Rob[er]ti filii Henrici Regis per concessionem Mathildis, filiz Roberti de Avrenchis et heredis Ricardi filii Baldewini, dans totam vincam quam Rob'tus fil. Baldewini et Ricardus fester ejus Eccl. S.N. dederunt."), 382 (charter dated 1162 of Robert son of King Henry, granted with consent of Maud d'Avranches his wife [Robertus filius Regis Henrici, assensu Matillidis de Abrinco uxoris meae to St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter). Dugdale Monasticon Anglican = 5 (1846): 377-382 (Ford Abbey, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia: "Obijt denique vir ejus secundus, dominus Robertus filius regis Henrici anno Domini M.clxxii. pridie calendas Junii [31 May], et post ipsum vicecomitissa Matildis, itaque de Aubrincis ut prius nuncupata, undecimo calendas Octobris [21 Sept.] anno Domini M.clxxiii. et regni regis Henrici secundi 19."); 6(1) (1830): 253 (charter of Robert son of King Henry [Robertus Henrici regis filius]; charter names his [half-]brother [fratris], Henry d'Oilly). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Priory of Hexham 1 (Surtees Soc. 64) (1864): 138 (Chronicle of John, Prior of Hexham: "Emissi sunt autem ducenti milites cum Rodberto, filio Edae et Henrici Regis notho, et Johanne Marascaldo ...."). Freeman Reign of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 723. Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): 374 (charter of Robert son of King Henry dated c.1150). Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 3 (1881): 1-3. Maitland Bracton's Note Book 2 (1887): 137-138 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that he was the son of Hawise, the first born daughter of Maud d'Avranches; Hawise's sister, Maud de Courtenay, who was the plaintiff in the lawsuit, in turn testified that the said Hawise was the daughter of Geoffrey de Crimes (or Crunes, Cruues), the 1st husband of Maud d'Avranches), 404-405; 3 (1887): 450-452 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that his mother, Hawise, was the daughter of William de Curcy, husband of Maud d'Avranches). Notes & Gleanings 2 (1889): 50-56. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-254 (list of knights fees held by Robert Fitz Roy in 1166). Note-book of Tristram Risdon (1897): 53-56. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 73, 75, 101-102. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Seversmith Colonial Fams. of Long Island New York & Connecticut 5 (1958): 2426-2428. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.650, XIII.995. Reedy Basset Charters c.1120 to 1250 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 50) (1995): 25-26 (charter dated 1146-7 of Empress Maud daughter of King Henry I and her son, Henry; charter witnessed by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and Robert Fitz Roy). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Fizzard Plympton Priory (2008): 62, footnote 26. Child of Robert Fitz Roy, by Maud d'Avranches: a. MAUD FITZ ROBERT, married REYNOLD DE COURTENAY, of Sutton, Berkshire [see COURTENAY 1]. ii. ALICE FITZ ROY. In the period, ?1130-35, she witnessed a charter of her step-father, Robert d'Oilly, and her mother, Edith. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 72-73 (Alice daughter of the king [Adeliza Lila Reg.] witness to charter of Robert d'Oilly, his wife, and son dated ?1130-35). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Nest, wife of Gerald of Windsor, Constable of Pembroke, and daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwt, Prince of South Wales: i. HENRY FITZ ROY, of Pembrokeshire. He was killed during King Henry II's invasion at Anglesea in 1157 or 1158. He married ___. They had two sons, Meiler Fitz Henry [Justiciar of Ireland] and Robert, and presumably one daughter, Amabilis Fitz Henry (wife of Walter de Ridelisford). Williams ab Ithel Annales Cambriaes (Rolls Ser.) (1860): 47 (sub A.D. 1158: "Henricus filius Geraldi occisus est, velut alii volunt, filius Henrici regis ..."). Dimock Geraldus Cambrensis: Itinerarium Kambrice, et Descriptio Kambriæ (Geraldus Cambrensis Opera 6) (Rolls Ser.) (1868): 130 (Date: A.D. 1157: "Fuerant autem duo nobiles viti, et ejus qui scripsit haec avunculi, cum aliis hue a rege transmissi: Henricus scilicet regis Henrici primi filius, et secundi avunculus, ex nobili Nesta, Resi filii Theodori filia, in australi Kambria Demetiae finibus oriundus; et Robertus Stephani filius, Henrici frater non germanus sed uterinus."), 130, footnote 2 ("The death of Henry, her [Nest's] son by [King] H[enryl I., in this attack on Anglesea, is placed by Brut under 1156, in Ann. Camb. under 1158. By the former he is called Henry son of King Henry; by the latter, Henry son of Girald, or, according to others, son of king Henry. He was the father of the famous Meiler, the great hero of the Irish invasion."). Gilbert Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin 1 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 30-31 (charter of Walter de Ridelisford to St. Mary's Abbey; charter granted with consent of his wife, Amabilis Fitz Henry and witnessed by Meiler Fitz Henry). Orpen Ireland under the Normans 1 (1911): 18 (ped. chart). Jour. Royal Soc. of Antiqs. Ireland 82 (1952): 46-61. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.656. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 298-299 (biog. of Meiler Fitzhenry). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith: i. MAUD (or MATHILDE, MAHAUT) OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 (as his 1st wife) ROTROU II “the Great,” Count of Perche, seigneur of Belleme, son and heir of Geoffroi, Count of Mortagne and Perche, by Beatrix, daughter of Count Hilduin, Count of Montdidier and Roucy. He was born about 1080. Her maritagium likely included the manors of Aldboume and Wanborough, Wiltshire. They had two daughters, Philippe and Felicie. During the 1st Crusade, he fought at the Siege of Nicaea in mid-1097. He commanded a division that broke out of Antioch in June 1098. He crusaded against the Muslims in Spain probably in 1108. In 1114 he aided his father-in-law, King Henry I, at the Siege of Belleme. At the request of his wife, Maud, a hide of land at Wanborough, Wiltshire was given to Lewes Priory. His wife, Maud, was drowned in the shipwreck of the White Ship 25 Dec. 1120. He was Governor of Tudela in Aragon and participated in campaigns in Aragon from 1123 until the mid-1130s. He returned to Perche by 1135. He married (2nd) before 1126 HAWISE OF SALISBURY, daughter of Walter of Salisbury (also known as Walter Fitz Edward), of Chitterne, Wiltshire, Great Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, North Aston, Oxfordshire, etc., hereditary Sheriff of Wiltshire, Constable of Salisbury Castle, by Sibyl, daughter of Patrick de Chaources (or Sourches) [see LONGESPEE 2 for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Geoffroi, Rotrou (III) [Count of Perche], and Etienne [Archbishop-elect of Palermo]. After King Henry I's death in 1135, he and his nephew, Richer de l'Aigle, extorted the castles of Moulins and Bonmoulins as the price for their support for King Stephen. In 1139 he was taken in the English king's pay and defeated the unruly knights of Breteuil. ROTROU II, Count of Perche, died 6 May 1144 at the Siege of the Towe of Rouen, he then being in the service of Empress Maud and her husband, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. His widow, Hawise, married (2nd) (as his 1st wife) ROBERT I, Count of Dreux and Braille [see DREUX 6], and, in right of his 1st wife, Count of Perche, seigneur of Bellème, younger son of Louis VI, King of France, by Alix, daughter of Humbert II, Count of Savoy and Maurienne [see FRANCE 5 for his ancestry]. They had one daughter, Alix (wife successively of Waleran III, seigneur of Breteuil, Guy II, seigneur of Châtillon-sur-Marne, Jean I, seigneur of Torote, Châtellain de Noyon, and Raoul I de Nesle, Count of Soissons). His wife, Hawise, died in 1152. Robert I, Count of Dreux and Braine, died 11 October 1188. Duchesne Histoire Généalogique de la Maison Royale de Dreux (1631): 13-42. Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 74-75 (sub Capetians), 423-425 (sub Comtes de Dreux). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Des Murs Hist. des Comtes du Perche de la Fam. des Rotrou (1856). Herald & Genealogist 3 (1866): 173-176. Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 255 (Genealogiæ Fusniacensis: "Rotaldus comes, prefati comitis filius, duxit filiam regis Anglie, de qua filiam procreavit. "). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 3940 (charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche, dated c.1119; charter witnessed by his sister [soror], Juliane, and her son, Richer), 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe). Money Hist. of the Ancient Town & Borough of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Boulais Receuil des Antiquitéz du Perche (1890). Romanet de Beaune Géographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (1894): 33-35. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 419 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "6 [Obiit] Rotrodos comes."). Lalizel Abbaye Royal d'Arcisses (Archives du Diocèse de Chartres 10) (1900): 3-10 (charters of Rotrou, Count of Perche). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. VCH Wiltshire 9 (1970): 174-186; 12 (1983): 67-86. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Traditio 41(1985): 145-179. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.649. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France (2002). Hollister Henry I (2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Power Norman Frontier in the Twelfth & Early Thirteenth Centuries (2004): 360-361. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Geoffrey Grossus Life of Blessed Bernard of Tiron (2009): 71, footnote 1. Child of Maud (or Mathilde) of England, by Rotrou II of Perche: a. PHILIPPE OF PERCHE, married HELIE OF ANJOU, Count of Maine, younger son of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine. They had one daughter, Beatrix (wife of Jean I, Count of Alençon). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe [assensu generis mei Helie filieque mee Romanet de Beaune Geographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30-31 ("... Helias vero ...comes Cenomannonun factus est, et xx annis adepto consulatu strenue potitis est. Heres quoque soceri sin Gervasii de Castro Lidi factus est, eujus filiam habuit, ex qua filiam nomine Eremburgem genuit, quam domino suo Fulconi, Andegavorum comiti, in matromonium copulavit … Uxor ejus ei filiam, Eremburgem nomine, peperit, quae, nubilibus annis, Fulconi, Andegavorum tunc comiti, nunc Ierosolymorum regi, nupsit et generosam sobolem genuit: Joffredum et Heliam, Mathildem et Sibyllam, quae filiis regum solemniter nupserunt"). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by various mistresses: i. GILBERT FITZ ROY. He was still young and unmarried in 1142. Nothing more is known of him. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 281 286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.660. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. WILLIAM DE TRACY. He died soon after his father. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121 (author states in error that William de Tracy had a daughter and heiress, Grace, wife of John de Sudeley, of Sudeley Castle and Toddington, Gloucestershire). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.659. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). iii. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ENGLAND, married CONAN III, Duke of Brittany [see BRITTANY 3]. iv. JULIANE OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 EUSTACHE DE PACY (or DE BRETEUIL), seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, illegitimate son of Guillaume, seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, by an unknown mistress. They had two sons, Guillaume and Roger, and two daughters. In 1119 he took part in the rebellion against King Henry I, who besieged his wife, Juliane, at Breteuil. She fled to Pacy, and in the autumn of 1119 Eustache and Juliane were pardoned by the king. A few years later she became a nun at Fontevrault. EUSTACHE DE PACY died at the beginning of Lent 1136, Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Depoin Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Saint-Martin de Pontoise (1895): 470-476 (Famille d'Ivry). C.P. 8 (1932): 209-210 (sub Lovel); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X11.648. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 304 (Fitz Osbem ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Norrnandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). v. MABEL OF ENGLAND, married before c.1125 GUILLAUME GOUET (or GORT), seigneur of Montmirail and Alluyes, son and heir of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail, Alluyes, Authon, la Bazoche-Gouet, Brou, and Château-du-Loir, by his wife, Eustachie Crespon. They had one son, Guillaume [seigneur of Montmirail]. He joined his parents and his brothers, Robert and Matthew, in the foundation of the Priory of St. Giles des Chateigniers as a cell of Tiron. In 1114, as William Gouet junior, he was one of the nobles of Thibaut, Count of Chartres, whom the count called to advise him. In 1116, with his father and mother, he gave judgment in a dispute between the abbey of Marmoutier and Gaston de Brou. As "Guillaume Goët le jeune," he witnessed a charter of Guillaume de Mesmerand to the leproserie of Chateaudun c.1120. He succeeded his father before c.1125. He made an agreement c.1125 with the Prior of Saint-Denis de Nogent regarding the churches of Ceton and Saint-Ulphace. He likewise gave c.1125 to the monks of Saint-Denis the church of Unverre that Gaston de Brou gave them and that his mother Eustachie unjustly retained; for which gift he received 10 livres and his wife, Mabel, 100 sous. About 1127 he witnessed a charter of Ives de Courville, by which he quitclaimed his land in Courville to Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. In 1136 he granted various privileges to Tiron Abbey. In 1140 he confirmed the gift of Bois-Ruffin made by Ursion de Meslay. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Guérard Cartulaire de Saint Père de Chartres 2 (1840): 471-476, 483-486, 494-495. Lépinois Histoire de Chartres 1 (1854): /41. Etudes sur le Maine, Noblesse du Maine aux Crusades (1859): 49-50. Charles & Elbenne Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans (1886-1913): Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbve de la Sainte-Trinité di Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cix (arms of Guillaume Goet dated 1139: Mi-parti au 1er d'argent à deux chevrons de sable; au 2e trois chevrons brisés d'or), 24-27, 78-79, 104-106. Merlet Inventaire-sommaire des Archives départementales anterieures (11790: Eure-et-Loir, Archives Ecclésiastiques, Serie H 8 (1897): 161. Souancé & Métais Saint-Denis de Nogent-le-Rotrou 1031-1789: Histoire et Cartulaire (1899): LVII-LIX, 103-104 (charter of Guillaume Gouet junior son of Guillaume Gouet dated c.1125), 104-106 (charter dated c.1125 naming Guillaume [Gouet] junior, son of Eustachie wife of [Guillaume] Gouet, and his wife, Mabel), 164-166. Bulls. de la Societé Dunoise Archeologie, Histoire, Sciences & Arts 10 (1904): 171-188. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.663, XIII.1014. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Child of Mabel of England, by Guillaume Gouet: a. GUILLAUME GOUET, seigneur of Montmirail, married ISABELLE (or ELIZABETH) OF BLOIS, Duchess of Apulia [see DONZY 4]. vi. CONSTANCE OF ENGLAND, married ROSCELIN DE BEAUMONT, Vicomte of Beaumont-en-Maine [see BEAUMONT 3]. vii. ALINE OF ENGLAND, married MATHIEU DE MONTMORENCY, seigneur of Montmorency [see LEICESTER 3 {sic: MONTMORENCY 3}]. v. SIBYL OF ENGLAND, married ALEXANDER I, King of Scots [see SCOTLAND 1.v], younger son of Malcolm III (Ceannmor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for his parentage]. He was born about 1077. They had no issue. By an unknown mistress, he had an illegitimate son, Malcolm. He became King of Scotland in 1107 on the death of his elder brother, Edgar, King of Scots. He and his wife, Sibyl, founded the monastery of Scone in Perthshire in 1113-14. He was also a benefactor to Durham and Dunfermline. He invaded Wales in summer 1114, in cooperation with King Henry I of England. His wife, Sibyl, died suddenly at Loch Tay 12 July 1122. ALEXANDER I, King of Scots, died at Stirling 23 April 1124, and was buried before the great altar at Dunfermline, Fife near his father. Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: “VII. Kal. Mali [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "VI. Id. Jul. [10 July] Ob. Sibilla Regina Scottorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Turnbull Extracta E Variis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 68 (Extracts ex Cronicis Scocie sub A.D. 1122: "Sibilla, illustris regine Scocie, uxor regis Alexandri, filia Henrici Beuclerk regis Anglie, apud Lochtay cellam canonicorum de Scona obiit anno Domini Moc.xxij"). Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis 2 (1849): 78 (sub A.D. 1123: "Alexander rex Scottorum, VII. kal. Maii [25 April], obiit."). Liber Ecclesie de Scone (1863): 1-3 (charter of Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl; charter witnessed by his nephew [nepos], Alexander, and by William, brother of the queen [frater regine]). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 3 (sub Kings of Scotland). Lawrie Early Scottish Charters prior to A.D. 1153 (1905): 28-30 (charter to Scone Priory dated c.1120 issued by Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl, "filia Henrici Regis Angliae"), 262. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 50-57. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.655, XIII.205. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 57. Duncan Kingship of the Scots 842-1292 (2002). Barrow Kingdom of the Scots (2003): 1541-56. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Oram David I: The King Who Made Scotland (2004). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 313 (Scotland ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I, by Isabel of Meulan, daughter of Robert of Meulan (or de Beaumont), Count of Meulan, by Isabel (or Elizabeth), daughter of Hugues le Grand Count of Crepy [see VERMANDOIS 5 for her ancestry]. Isabel de Meulan married (1st) Gilbert Fitz Gilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 6 Jan. 1147/8) [see PEMBROKE 3] and (2nd) Ralph Bluet, of Silchester, Hampshire and Lacock, Wiltshire (living 1167) [see PEMBROKE 3]. She was allegedly living in 1172. i. ISABEL OF ENGLAND. She and her mother, Countess Isabel, witnessed two undated charters of her half-brother, Richard Fitz Gilbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Her subsequent history is unknown. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 10 (1855): 261-263 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to the monks of Usk; charter witnessed by Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter, Ralph Bloet, and Walter Bloet). C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 361 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Gilbert to Goldcliff Priory; charter witnessed by Isabel the earl's mother and Isabel his sister). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-102 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke) ("Actually there is no reasonable doubt that Isabel [de Meulan]s daughter bore her mother's name, lived with her after the elder Isabel's marriage, and continued to do so after her step-father's death. For the first two witnesses to the 2nd Earl of Pembroke's charter for Usk are the Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter; and in the charter for Goldcliff Priory the first two witnesses are Isabel the Earl's mother and Isabel the Earl's sister. There is no evidence that she ever married."); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.657. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Alleged but unlikely daughter of King Henry I: i. EMMA OF ENGLAND, married GUY DE LAVAL, seigneur of Laval. Hollister Henry 1(2001): 228 ("Bertrand de Brousillon, La Maison de Laval, 1: 79: 'on pretend meme que l’abbaye de Clermont aurait conserve longtemps une tombe sur laquelle on lisait EMMA ANGLORUM REGIS FILIA DOMINAQUE LAVALLENSIS.' The author dismisses this tradition on the grounds that Robert of Torigny omits 'Emma' from his list of Henry's daughters, but the list is by no means complete. Emma is absent from the list of Henry I's illegitimate daughters in CP, 11, app. D, pp. 112-121.").”	verch Rhys, Nest (I6382)
6047	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY nicknamed “Beauclerc,” King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Cotentin, 4th son, born in 1068 or 1069. He married (1st) 11 Nov. 1100 MAUD OF SCOTLAND, daughter of Malcolm III (CeannMor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for her parentage]. She was born in 1079. They had one son, William, and one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, died at Westminster 1 May 1118. He married (2nd) at Windsor, Berkshire 29 Jan. 1121 ALICE (or AELIZ, ALEIDE, ALEYDA, AELIDIS, ADELIDE, ADELIDIS, ADELAIDIS, ADELIZA, ADELIZE, ATHELICE) OF LOUVAIN, daughter of Gottfried (or Godefroy) I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Louvain, by his 1st wife, Ida, daughter of Otto II, Count of Chiny. She was born about 1103. They had no issue. By various mistresses, he had eight illegitimate sons, Robert [Earl of Gloucester], Richard, Fulk, Reynold [Earl of Cornwall], Robert, Gilbert, William de Tracy, and Henry, and nine illegitimate daughters, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Rotrou II, Count of Perche), Alice, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Conan III, Duke of Brittany), Juliane (wife of Eustache de Pacy, seigneur of Breteuil and Pacy), Mabel (wife of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail), Constance (wife of Roscelin de Beaumont), Aline (wife of Mathieu de Montmorency), Sibyl (wife of Alexander I, King of Scots), and Isabel.* HENRY I, King of England died at Lyons-la-Forêt (near Rouen), Normandy 1 Dec. 1135, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. His widow, Alice, married (2nd) after Dec. 1136 but later than summer 1139 WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, Earl of Lincoln, afterwards 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), hereditary Chief Butler of England, Privy Councillor to King Henry I [see CLIFTON 3]. They had four sons, William [2nd Earl of Arundel or Sussex], Reiner, Henry, and Godfrey, and two daughters, Alice (wife of Jean I, Count of Eu and Alvred de Saint Martin) and Olive. He was a witness to King Stephen's 2nd Charter of Liberties in 1136. He was created Earl of Lincoln c.1138. He gave shelter to Empress Maud at Arundel Castle in 1139, but afterwards adhered to King Stephen. His earldom was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex before Christmas 1141. In his own later charters he is styled Earl of Chichester. About 1145 he witnessed a charter of Henry Hussey as "Consul Willelmo de Cicesterr." His wife, Alice, presented to the prebend of West Dean in 1150. Alice, dowager Queen of England, died as a nun at Affligem Abbey in Brabant 25 (or 26) March 1151, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. He was influential in arranging the treaty of 1153, whereby the Crown continued with King Stephen for life, though the inheritance thereof was secured to Henry II. He subscribed his name to this instrument as "Comes Cicestrie." By grant dated c.1155, King Henry II confirmed to him as "William, Earl of Arundel" the Castle of Arundel, with the whole honour of Arundel and all its appurtenances. He served as Joint Ambassador to France and to the Pope in 1163/4. He served as Chief Ambassador with Princess Maud to Germany in 1168. He was appointed joint Commander of the royal army in Normandy in 1173. In Sept. 1173 he assisted in the defeat near Bury St. Edmunds of the Earl of Leicester. He founded Buckenham Abbey, Norfolk and Pynharn Priory, Sussex. WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), died at Waverley Abbey, Surrey 4 (or 12) October 1176, and was buried at Wymondham Priory, Norfolk. [Footnote *: In 1824 the Scottish historian Chalmers stated that King Henry I of England had an illegitimate daughter, Elizabeth, who married Fergus, lord of Galloway (died 1161). [see Chalmers Caledonia 3 (1824): 250, footnote k ("Fergus [lord of Galloway] ... was a prince of some note, even at the court of Henry I. of England, is certain : as he took to wife, according to the heralds, genealogists, and chroniclers, Elizabeth, the natural daughter of Henry I.")]. Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway), however, debunked Chalmers' statement, noting that the authorities quoted by Chalmers "do not bear out his assertion." Even so, other secondary sources have continued to repeat Chalmers' unfounded claim: See, for example, Mackenzie History of Galloway (1841): 167-172 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England"); Anderson Scottish Nation 2 (1862): 195 ("Fergus, lord of Galloway ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England ..."); M'Kerlie Galloway in Ancient & Modern Times (1891): 155 ("It is necessary to repeat here that Fergus married Elizabeth, the natural daughter of King Henry I. of England."); Maxwell Hist. of Dumfries & Galloway (1896): 47-48 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, natural daughter of Henry I., and sister of Sibilla, who married Alexander I., brother of David."); Ramsay Angevin Empire (1903): 90, footnote 7 ("Gunfrith [i.e., Godred] was son of Olaf, by Afreca, daughter of Fergus of Galloway, by 'Elisabeth,' reputed natural daughter of Henry I."); Oram Lordship of Galloway (2000): 60; Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Barrow Robert Bruce (1965): 36, footnote 2 notes that "Roger Howden calls Uchtred son of Fergus of Galloway a cousin of King Henry II (Gesta Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Ser., i, 80)," a relationship which Professor Barrow states "is best explained on the supposition that Fergus married a bastard daughter of Henry I." However, given that King Henry II of England had a Scottish grandmother, a more likely explanation of the kinship between the Galloway and English royal families is that the wife of Fergus was near related to the Scottish royal family, possibly being a sister of William Fitz Duncan, whose grandfather was Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots [died 1093]. This arrangement would make Uchtred son of Fergus and King Henry II of England related in the 3rd degree of kindred (or second cousins).] D'Achery Spicilegium 10 (1671): 612-613 (Continuatio Chronici Afflegemiensis: "Filia præfati Ducis Aleidis juncta matrimonio Regi Angliæ, post obitum secundi con jugis Afflegemiensis Claustri solitudinem ad reliquum vitæ ad humandum corpus elegit in domo turti Ecclesiæ contigua, cum una aut akera ancilla in Fratrum Afflegemiensiurn quieta taciturna multitudine solitaria habitavit, & beato fine quievit, de qua epitaphium: Aleidis Regina Anglim, filia Ducis Godefridi cum barba, Regnum suscepit in Anglia an MCXXI. obiit 9 Kal. Maii [23 April], sepulta è regione horologii nostri."). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 30 (Kalendar of Obits: "IIII Non. December [2 December]. Obitus Henrici Regis."). Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 32-34. Morice Mémoires pour servir de Preuves à l'Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne 1 (1742): 130 (Extract of Cronicle of Robert, Abbot of Mont Saint Michel: "Anno 1135. Obiit Henricus I. Rex Anglorum in prima die Decembris, cum regnasset annis 35. & 4 mensibus."). Brequigny & Mouchet Table Chronologique des Diplômes, Chartes, Titres ... concernant l’Histoire de France 3 (1783): 236 (charter dated c.1155 of Alice Queen of the English [Adelaidis reginæ Anglorum]). Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: Kal. Maii [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 218 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "IV. Non. Dec. [2 December] Ob Henricus Rex Anglorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Norrnands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXI)). Tierney Hist. & Antiqs. of the Castle & Town of Arundel 1 (1834): 169-179. Michel Histoire des Ducs de Normandie et des Rois D'Angleterre (1840): 69 ("Li rois Henrie, quant la roine Mehaus fu morte, prist à feme Aalis, la fille Godefroi le duc de Louvaing, la cousine Wistasse [Eustace] de Bouloigne; mais n'en ot nul enfant. Si ot-il de bas .vj. Ills et .vij. fines"). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 135-211 (biog. of Matilda of Scotland), 212-256 (biog. of Adelicia of Louvaine). Barrett Memorials of the parochial Church ... in the Parish of Attleborough (1848): 12-41. Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis 2 (1849): 74 (Maud [of Blois], Countess of Chester, styled "niece" to King Henry I of England [neptis regis1). Ordericus Vitalis Ecclesiastical Hist. of England & Normandy 3 (1854): 482 (Roger Fitz Roger and Walter d'Aufay [Aufai] styled "cousins" to King Henry I at Battle of Bremule in 1119 by Ordericus Vitalis). Arch. Journal 20 (1863): 283 ("Adeliza appears to have used the identical matrux of the seal which had belonged to the first queen of Henry I., the name-Aalidis-having been substituted for Matli[Idis), 287-288 (charter of Queen Alice [Aelidis regina] ... There is appended ... a pointed oval seal of white wax .... device, a female figure standing ... The legend is + SIGILLVM • AALIDIS • SECVND[AE • DE]I • GRACIA • REGINAE • ANGLIE.), 288-289 (charter of Queen Alice [A. Dei gracia Regina]); 22 (1865): 152-153 (charter of William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Lincoln; charter names Queen Alice his wife [regina Adelidis]). Sussex Arch. Colls. 15 (1863): 112-113. Luard Annales Monastici 1 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1864): 14 (Margam Annals sub 1151: "Obiit Adelidis, regina secunda Henrici regis."); 3 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1866): 433 (Bermondsey Annals sub A.D. 1121: "Hoc anno rex Henricus primus duxit Adelizam, filiam ducis Lovaniae, in uxorem, tertio nonas Februarii [3 February]."). Burke Gen. Hist, of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited & Extinct Peerages (1866): 2-3 (sub Albini, Earls of Arundel). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. (1867): 21-33 ("In the Register of the Priory of Bromhale, we find the record of his death under the date of the 4th day of October, 22nd of Henry II (A.D. 1176), in the following words, `obiit Willielmus Comes Arundel' (no mention of Sussex or Chichester), et `sepultus est in prioratus de Wymondham.’"). Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptorum 20 (1868): 67 (Orderic Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, Liber X: Roger Fitz Richard [de Clare) styled "kinsman" [cognatus) of King Henry I of England). Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104-108 (discusses evidence that King Henry I had an illegitimate daughter, Maud (or Mathilde)/Almodis, who was Abbess of Montivilliers). Ellis Antiqs. of Heraldry (1869): 206-207 (Aubigny ped.). Lower Compendious Hist. of Sussex 1 (1870): 70 (Robert de Haia, founder of Boxgrove Priory, styled "king's kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry I). Delisle Delisle Chronique de Robert de Tongni 1 (1872): 215 (sub A.D. 1139: "Invitarerat enim eos Willermus de Albinneio, qui duxerat Aeliz quondam reginam, quæ habebat castellum et comitatum Hardundel, quod rex Henricus dederat ei in dote."); 2 (1873): 63-64 ("Cessit etiam in fata Willermus de Albineio, quem vocabant comitem d'Arundel, relinquens filios quatuor, scilicet Guillermum de Albineio pritnogenitum, et alios tres natos ex Aeliza regina, uxore primi Henrici regis Anglorum."). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1874): 298 (sub 1176: "comes etiam Willelmus de Arundel obiit quarto idus Octobris [12 October] apud Waverle, et sepultus eat apud Wimundham, cellam scilicet ecclesiæ Sancti Albani, cujus cellæ patronus fuisse dinoscitur."). Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Obiit autem Matildis regina Anglia anno regni sui xviiio, kalendis Maii [1 May], et apud Radingas sepulta est."). Merlet Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cviii (arms of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy dated 1115: D'argent au cavalier d'azur). D.N.B. 1 (1885): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1(1886): 66 (sub Arundel). Raine Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1886): 169 (History of the Four Archbishops by Hugh the Chantor - King Henry I and Pope Calixtus II were kinsmen: "Nam præter spiritualem patris et filii relationem, carnali consanguinitate propinqui erant, quorum avus et avia frater et soror fuerunt." (Note: Pope Calixtus II was a younger son of William I, Count of Burgundy, whose mother Alice was daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 5-8 (seal of King Henry I - Obverse. King, seated in majesty, in an undercoat with sleeves tight at wrists, and loose skirts reaching below knees; and long flowing cloak fastened at throat and spreading out behind, which has a border, with indications of a fur of symmetrical pattern. On the head a cap-shaped crown, with three fleurs-de-lis, one at top and one at either side, and two chin-straps hanging loosely at sides, the ends having buckles in shape of trefoils. In right hand, extended outwards from elbow, a sword is held almost perpendicularly. In left hand, similarly extended, an orb, ensigned with a long cross pattee pommettee. Throne, apparently square, and closely resembling that of William II.; the centre curves with a bold cusp inwards, with a string-course, and is the narrowest part. In lower of two compartments thus made, is a footboard, not enough remaining to show original size. On throne a flat cushion with square edge, carrying at each end a hemispherical ornament, intended for pillow. Reverse. King, hauberk of chain-mail; conical helmet, having a blunt point at crown of head, and perhaps armed with projecting nose-piece; single pointed spur of goad form; long lance to which is attached a banner, charged with cross moline, and three pairs of waving streamers. No indication of sword. In left hand, held by interior strap, a kite-shaped shield, seen from within. The horse is walking to the right hand, caparisoned with breast-band, which is ornamented by five globular pendants equi-distant. Saddle of small dimensions; with stirrups. The loosely gathered reins are held up in left hand, which also sustains shield. Legend: + HENRIC' D... ... ...). Round "An Unknown Mistress of Henry I." in Eng. Hist. Rev. 5 (1890): 745-746. Luard Flores Historiarum 2 ((Rolls Ser.) 1890): 69 ("Anno gratix MCLIo [1151]. Obiit Adelicia regina, uxor regis Stephani;" the editor notes that the name "Stephani" is erased in Ch. and altered to "Henrici I."). Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (Docs. sur la Province du Perche 3rd Ser. 2) (1894): 40-43. Recueil des Historiens des Castles et de la France 23 (1894): 471 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: "25 Mart. Obiit Adelicia regina."), 476 (Ex Necrologio Monasterii Crucis Sancti Leufredi: "25 Mart. [Obiit] Adeliza, regina Anglorum."), 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Mali. [Obiit] Matildis, regina Anglorum."), 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "12 Oct. [Obiit] Guillelmus, comes de Arundel."), 581 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Dec. [Obiit] Henricus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum."). Napier & Stevenson Crawford Coll. of early Charters & Docs. now in the Bodleian library (1895): 31 (William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Chichester dated c.1150; charter names his wife, Queen Alice [regina Adelide]). Bradshaw Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral Pt. 2 (1897): (obits. in the odd volume of the great Latin Bible), ccxxxviii (2 May - "Matildis regina uxor Henrici regis."), ccxlii (2 Dec. - "Henricus, pacificus rex Anglorum."). Trans. East Herts Arch. Soc. 1(1) (1901): 129-135 (charter of Queen Alice widow of King Henry I dated 1136 [Adelidis regina uxor nobillisimi regis Henrici & filia Godefridi ducis lotharingie]. C.C.R. 1227-1231 (1902): 530 (confirmation of gift of Alice, formerly Queen of England). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 316 (Abbaye de Saint-Denis: "kal. Maius [1 May] Ob. Matildis, Anglorum regina [1118]."), 523 (Prieure de Longpont: "kaL maii. [1 May] [obit.] Maltidis, Anglorum regina [1118]."). Warner & Ellis Facsimiles of Royal & Other Charters in the British Museum 1 (1903): #14 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Lincoln dated c.1139-40; charter names his wife, Queen Adeleidis), #27 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Chichester dated 1151-2; charter names his wife, Queen Athelice). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 1-2 (sub Kings of Scotland). Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 25-34. Eng. Hist. Rev. 21(1906): 505-509. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 2 (1906): 241 (Obituaire of Prieure de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan: "Henricus, rex Anglorum, frater noster, III nonas decembris [3 Dec.] [1135]."), 661 (Nécrologe of Abbaye de Saint-Jean-en-Vallée: 12 Dec.] IIII non. Obiit Henricus, Anglorum rex [1135], ecclesiarum amator praecipuus."). Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway) ("[Fergus, lord of Galloway] is said to have married Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of King Henry I. of England, but the authorities quoted by Chalmers, who makes the statement, do not bear out his assertion."). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Urseau Cartulaire Moir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (1908): 167-168 (charter of King Henry I dated c.1111=20). Gomme Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1909): 217 (sub A.D. 1100: Maud of Scotland, 1st wife of King Henry I, styled "kinswoman to king Edward [the Confessor] and of the true royal race of England."), 239-240 (sub A.D. 1127: Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone], Abbot of Saint-Jean of Angély (in Poitou), afterwards Abbot of Peterborough styled "kinsman" [mæi] of [Henry I] King of England and [Guillaume] Count of Poitou) [see also Earle and Plummer Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel 1 (1892): 257; English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-5601. CP. 1 (1910): 233-235, 237 (chart) (sub Arundel); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Round King's Serjeants & Officers of State (1911): 140-165. English Hist. Rev. 34 (1919): 303-382. Farrer Outline Itinerary of King Henry 1 (1920). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) XI 112. Rübel-Blass (1939) 257 (biographical information). G.H. White "Henry I's Illegitimate Children," in C.P. 11 (1949), Appendix D, 105-121. Leys Sandford Cartulary 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 22) (1941): 216. Johnson et al. Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066-1154 2 (1956): 148 (John [son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent], a royal chaplain, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of King Henry I of England in charter dated 1117-19). C.R.R. 12 (1957): 157-158 (Sibyl de Falaise, wife of Baldwin de Bolers, styled "kinswoman" [nepte] of King Henry I of England). Stenton First Century of English Feudalism, 1066-1166 (1961). Davis King Stephen (1967): 137 ("[King] Stephen recognized three successive earls of Lincoln ... The first was William d'Aubigny pincerna who married Queen Adeliza, widow of King Henry I, and in her right became lord of the honour and castle of Arundel. He styles himself William Earl of Lincoln in three charters in which his identity is proved by references to his wife. They are in favour of Lewes Priory and the abbeys of Reading and Affligem-and in the case of Affligem there is also a charter of Adeliza referring to her husband as earl of Lincoln (Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville 3245; Warner and Ellis, Facsimiles, no. 14; E. de Marneffe, Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Affligem in Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclesiastique de la Belgique, 2o section, pp. 104,106). In royal charters it is usually impossible to distinguish him from his successor, William de Roumare, since the normal style of both was Willelmus comes de Lincolnia, or (before he was an earl) from his father, William d'Aubignypincerna, who died before June 1139 (Reg. iii. 973). If Robert de Torigny is right (Chronicles iv. 137) William had married Adeliza by September 1139, and it is tempting to assume that it was on his marriage that he was made earl of Lincoln, his connection with that county being that his mother, Maud Bigod, was a grand-daughter, and possible co-heiress, of Robert de Tosny of Belvoir. We do not know precisely when he was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex, but it was certainly by Christmas 1141 when he attested a charter as Comite Willelmo de Sudsexa (Reg. iii. 276)."). Chibnall Ecclesiastical Hist. of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80): 317 (Vol. VI, Book XII - Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone] styled "kinsman" [cognato] of King Henry I of England) [see English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-560]. Albion 10 (1978): 330-340. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 95 (sub Hainault, Brabant); 2 (1984): 81 (sub England); 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Chibnall Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166 (1986). Green Government of England under Henry 1(1986). Hollister Monarchy, Magnates, & Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World (1986). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 1 (Camden Soc. 4th Ser. 31) (1986): 301, 369, 476. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.1.423, XII.371, X11.644-X11.645, XIII.207. Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 136 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "7 Kal. [Apr.] [26 March]. Obiit Atheliza regina."), 130 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit Rex Anglorum Henricus primus."), 146 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit rex Anglorum Henricus i."). Haskins Soc. Jour. 7 (1995): 101-116. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35, 57. Scottish Hirt. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I Pt 2 (List and Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 143 (confirmation c. 1172/81 of grant made by Queen Adela) (original published in Jour. of British Architetural Assoc. 17: 312). Scottish Hist. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Harper-Bill Anglo-Norman Studies XXI (1999): 145-168. Bartlett England under the Norman & Angevin Kings 1075-1225 (2000). Hollister Henry 1(2001). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.), 313 (Scotland ped.). Weller Die Heiratspolitik des deutschen Hochadels im 12. Jahrhundert (2004): 464-4.76 (biog. of Königin Adelheid von England) ("On page 476, Weller states: "Seine Gattin Adelheid von Lowen, die ehemalige Konigin von England, war schon 1151 wahrend des Bürgerkrieges verschieden und wurde in Reading beigesetzt ... Der Begräbnisort Kgn. Adelheids geht aus einem Schreiben Jocelins v. Löwen an Bf. Hilarius v. Chichester eindeutig hervor, vgl. Reading Abbey Cartularies 1, No. 551, 416E; s.a. Bartlett, England 596. Nicht stichhaltig ist demgegeniiber die van Sanderus, Chorographia 1, 45, verbreitete Nachricht, wonach Adelheid vor ihrem Tod in ihre Heimat übergesiedelt und im Kloster Afflighem gestoren and begraben sei; heirnach auch John Horace Round in dem Art.: Adeliza of Louvain, in DNB 1(1885): 137f.; Complete Peerage 1, 235. Allerdings ist Kgn. Adelheid als Wohltäterin von Afflighem aufgetreten unde hat dem Kloster einigen Besitz in England gestiftet; vgl. Cart. Afflighem, No. 79, 121-124 (hier 122)."). Verbeke Medieval Narrative Sources (2005): 21-36. Fleming Henry I & the Anglo-Norman World: Studies in Memory of C. Warren Hollister (2006). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006). Children of King Henry I of England, by Maud of Scotland: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, son and heir apparent, born in 1103. As his father's destined successor, he received the homage of the Normans barons in 1115, and that of the English witan in 1116. He married at Lisieux in May 1119 MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ANJOU, daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou. He was with his father at the Battle of Bremule in 1119. Early in 1120 King Louis of France invested him with the duchy of Normandy. He was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 160 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1120: "Willelmus filius Henrici Regis, & Ricardus frater ejus & Ricardus Comes de Cestria cum multis Nobilibus naufragio perierunt.”). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. D.N.B. 21(1909): 337 (biog. of William, son of Henry I, King of England). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 81 (sub England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.644. Caenegem English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I 1 (Selden Soc. 106) (1990): 180-181, 192-193, 213-214. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.). ii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, married (1st) HEINRICH V, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor; (2nd) GEOFFREY V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy [see next]. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by an unknown mistress, (possibly a member of the Bohun family): i. ROBERT FITZ ROY, Earl of Gloucester, married MABEL FITZ ROBERT [see GLOUCESTER 3]. Illegitimate sons of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Ansfride, widow of Anskill, a knight who was a tenant of Abingdon Abbey: i. RICHARD FITZ ROY, born before 1101. He served against the French in 1119, and was captured at Les Andelys. He was set free with his comrades by King Louis, because they had taken sanctuary in the church of Notre Dame du Grand Andely. Later the same year he was with his father at the Siege of Evreux and the Battle of Brémule. In Sept. 1119 he was sent to raise the Siege at Bréteuil. He was betrothed to Amice de Gael, daughter of Raoul, seigneur of Gael in Brittany and Bréteuil in Normandy. He was drowned immediately afterwards in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Amice subsequently married Robert of Meulan, 1st Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 6]. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Alium quoque habuit filium Ricardum, et cessavit parere... Navis enim infausta qun regis gestabat filios Willelrnum et Ricardum, submersa est, periitque in scopulis Barbefluvii."). C.P. 7 (1929): 527-530 (sub Leicester); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.646. Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni 2 (1992): 248-249 (Robert de Torigny: "Ricardus autem, huius comitis uno de patre frater, cum fratre suo Willelmo in sepedicto naufiagio periit."). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. FULK FITZ ROY. Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(II.647. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Sibyl Corbet: i. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall, Sheriff of Devon, 1173-5. He married in 1140 MABEL FITZ WILLIAM, daughter of William Fitz Richard, of Cornwall. They had one son, Nicholas, and four daughters, Denise (wife of Richard de Redvers, Earl of Devon), Maud, Sarah (wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges), and Emme (wife of Guy V de Laval, seigneur of Laval). By a mistress, Beatrice de Valle (or Vaux) (afterwards wife of William Briwerre, Knt.), he had an illegitimate son, Henry Fitz Count. By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, William. He was granted the lands of William, Earl of Mortain, amounting to 215-1/2 fees in Devon and Cornwall. He was created Earl of Cornwall about April 1141. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, were recognized by contemporaries as "the most powerful men in the kingdom." His wife, Mabel, fell into insanity in the 1140s. He witnessed a charter of Henry d'Oilly in the period, 1114-47. In 1153 he witnessed the agreement between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy [afterwards King Henry II]. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, acted as intermediary between the king and Thomas Becket at Northampton in 1164. He played a major part in opposing the rebels of 1173-4 in England. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall died 1 July 1175, allegedly at Chertsey, Surrey, and was buried at Reading, Berkshire. Dugdale Baronage (1675): 702 (sub Briwere) ("[William Briwere] having married Beatrix de Valle, a Concubine, as 'tis said, to Reginald Earl of Cornwall (which is probable, for in a Grant made by Henry Son to the same Reginald [Earl of Cornwall], unto this William [Briwere], of the Mannor of Karswell, and Land of Hakford, he calls him his Brother")) [Note: Dugdale evidently intended to say that Henry Fitz Count's brother was William Briwere the younger, as it was William Briwere the elder was the husband of his mother, Beatrice de Valle]. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 6, 98 (undated charter of Reynold son of King Henry to William de Botreaux son of Alice Corbet his aunt [matertera]; charter witnessed by his son, Nicholas; his nephews/kinsmen [nepotibus], Ralph and Richard, and his brother, William), 112. Topographer 2 (1790): 288-291. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 2 (1836 11): 239-240 (Bruere or Briwere ped.). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 163 ("Deditque ibidem Hereberto filio Hereberti, et Willelmo fratri comitis Reginaldi, et Joelllano de la Pumerai, nepoti eorum, regnum be Limeric pro servitio sexaginta militum"), 172 ("Nam Herbertus, et Willelmus, fratres Reginaldi comitis Cornubiae, et Joellanus de Purnetia nepos eorum, regnum illud havere noluerunt; sed illud reddiderunt domino regi et Johanni filio suo liberum et quietum ab omni calurnnia eorum"). Le Fizelier Mémoire chronologique de Maucourt de Bourjolly sur la Ville de Laval 1 (1886): 136-142. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-253 (William brother of Earl Reynold [Willelmus frater Comitis Reginaldi] held 1/2 knight's fee of Robert Fitz Roy in 1166), 261-262 (William brother of the Earl [Willelmus frater Comitis] held four knight's fees Reynold, Earl of Cornwall in 1166). Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 455-456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 34. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 75. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Colls. Hist. Staffs. 1924 (1926): 9, 219. English Hist. Rev. 62 (1947): 352-377 (charter of William de Marsh brother of Reynold Earl of Cornwall [Willelmus de Marisco frater Reginaldi comitis Cornubie]). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II], later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Minor & Butler eds. Letters of John of Salisbury 1 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1955): 162-163. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987): 9-10 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1154-65), 10-11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1146-55), 11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 195-196 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1165-75, witnessed by his son, Nicholas), 196-197 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 197-198 (two confirmation charters of King Henry II of England naming his "uncle" [avunculus] Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, one dated c.1174-5, the other dated c.1174-6). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(11.651, X111.996-1000. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Hollister Henry 1(2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart).Cornwall Rec. Office: Borough of Truro, BTRU/1 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1161-66) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, by Mabel Fitz William: a. MAUD OF CORNWALL, married ROBERT II, Count of Meulan [see VERMANDOIS 7]. Illegitimate child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, allegedly by Beatrice de Valle: a. HENRY FITZ COUNT, of Liskeard, Cornwall and King's Kerswell, Devon, Constable of Totnes Castle, 1209, Governor of Portchester Castle, 1211, Sheriff of Cornwall, 1215, 1217-20, Constable of Launceston Castle and Warden of the Stanneries, 1215. In 1194 he was granted the manors of Liskeard, Cornwall and Diptford and King's Kerswell, Devon by the king. In 1196 he witnessed the Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by his alleged step-father, Sir William Briwerre. In 1215 he had a grant of the county of Cornwall from King John, to farm until the realm should be at peace. The grant was renewed by King Henry III 7 Feb. 1216/7. He resigned the county to the king in 1220, when he took the cross. HENRY FITZ COUNT died a crusader in 1222. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Hunter Catalogue of the MSS in the library of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn (1838): 13. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(2) (1846): 924 (Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by William Briwer). Oliver Monasticon Dioecesis Exoniensis (1846): 174 (charter of Henry son of Reynold Earl of Cornwall; charter granted for the souls of his brothers and his mother), 179, 183. Trans. Exeter Diocesan Architectural & Arch. Soc. 2nd Ser. 1 (1867): 133-134. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 31(1870): 5. Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 21. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 9 (1902): 295-296 ("But Reginald de Dunstanville [i.e., Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall] had also by Beatrix de Valle (who afterwards became the wife of William Brewer, the judge of Henry II. and one of the regents of Richard I.) an illegitimate son named Henry FitzCount (sometimes FitzHenry), who became in after years also Earl of Cornwall."). Genealogist n.s. 20 (1904): 10-11. C.P. 3 (1913): 430 (sub Cornwall). Painter Reign of King John (1949): 231, 290, 348, 358-359. Hobbs Cartulary of Forde Abbey (Somerset Rec. Soc. 85) (1998): 116 (charter of Henry Fitz Count dated 1200-22; charter witnessed by William Brewer). North Devon Rec. Office: Chichester of Arlington, 50/11/29/3 (confirmation of a gift of land dated early 13th Cent. from Henry son of Earl Reginald to William de Tracy of all his land of Wollecombe [in Mortehoe] and Boklande, Devon, which William and his ancestors held of Henry and his ancestors, lords of Bradneys, as the charter of Hugh Ruffus testifies. To have and to hold to the aforesaid William, his heirs and assigns, of Henry and his heirs for ever, rendering all due and customary services. Seal of Henry son of Earl Reginald - Round, natural wax, armorial, surrounded by legend giving name of owner, chipped. The arms on shield resemble those of Courtenay family, but the Courtenays did not become Earls till 14th Cent.) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Henry III Fine Rolls Project (Baldekin styled "kinsman" of H[enry] Fitz Count in a fine roll item dated 1220; by whom he was earlier granted lands in Cornwall formerly held by Robert de Tintagel) (available at www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_015.html). Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith, daughter of Forne son of Sigulf, lord of Greystoke, Cumberland. Edith subsequently married ROBERT D'OILLY, of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, Constable of Oxford Castle. They had two sons, Henry and Gilbert. He and his wife, Edith, founded Oseney Priory near Oxford in 1129. Robert d'Oilly died in Sept. 1142. Sometime in the period, c.1145-56, his widow, Edith, granted a toft in Huggate and 68-1/2 acres in the fields there to the poor of the Hospital of St. Peter, York. Leys Sandford Cartulary 1 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 19) (1938): 50 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith), 92 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated before June 1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith, and his son, Henry). Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 505-508, 510 (charter of Edith wife of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1145-56), 510-511 (charter of Henry d'Oilly dated c.1145-56; charter witnessed by his wife, Maud), 518-519. Hedley Northumberland Fares. (1968): 233. i. ROBERT FITZ ROY. He held land in Devonshire in 1130. He witnessed a charter of his step-father, Robert d'Oilly, in the period, ?1130-35. He supported his half-sister, Empress Maud, in the Civil War. In the period, 1144-7, he witnessed a charter of his half-brother, Henry d'Oilly. In 1146-7 he witnessed a charter of Empress Maud and her son, Henry. About 1150 he granted 10 pounds of land in his manor of Wantage, Berkshire to the church of Oseney, with the counsel of Henry d'Oilly his half-brother. Sometime in the period, 1153-67, he witnessed a charter of Wigan of Wallingford. He married before 1162 MAUD D'AVRANCHES, widow of William de Courcy (or ?Geoffrey de Crimes?), and daughter of Robert d'Avranches, by ___, daughter of Gelduin de Dol. They had one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, was heiress of Richard Fitz Baldwin. In 1162 he granted St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter two ferlings of land in his manor of Calvalegie juxta Cobbalegiam, together with a man named Edwium son of Wranhi; charter was granted with with the consent of his wife, Maud d'Avranches. ROBERT FITZ ROY died 31 May 1172. His widow, Maud, died 21 Sept. 1173. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farms of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Coll. Top. et Gen. 1 (1834): 188 ("C. Rob[er]ti filii Henrici Regis per concessionem Mathildis, filiz Roberti de Avrenchis et heredis Ricardi filii Baldewini, dans totam vincam quam Rob'tus fil. Baldewini et Ricardus fester ejus Eccl. S.N. dederunt."), 382 (charter dated 1162 of Robert son of King Henry, granted with consent of Maud d'Avranches his wife [Robertus filius Regis Henrici, assensu Matillidis de Abrinco uxoris meae to St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter). Dugdale Monasticon Anglican = 5 (1846): 377-382 (Ford Abbey, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia: "Obijt denique vir ejus secundus, dominus Robertus filius regis Henrici anno Domini M.clxxii. pridie calendas Junii [31 May], et post ipsum vicecomitissa Matildis, itaque de Aubrincis ut prius nuncupata, undecimo calendas Octobris [21 Sept.] anno Domini M.clxxiii. et regni regis Henrici secundi 19."); 6(1) (1830): 253 (charter of Robert son of King Henry [Robertus Henrici regis filius]; charter names his [half-]brother [fratris], Henry d'Oilly). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Priory of Hexham 1 (Surtees Soc. 64) (1864): 138 (Chronicle of John, Prior of Hexham: "Emissi sunt autem ducenti milites cum Rodberto, filio Edae et Henrici Regis notho, et Johanne Marascaldo ...."). Freeman Reign of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 723. Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): 374 (charter of Robert son of King Henry dated c.1150). Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 3 (1881): 1-3. Maitland Bracton's Note Book 2 (1887): 137-138 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that he was the son of Hawise, the first born daughter of Maud d'Avranches; Hawise's sister, Maud de Courtenay, who was the plaintiff in the lawsuit, in turn testified that the said Hawise was the daughter of Geoffrey de Crimes (or Crunes, Cruues), the 1st husband of Maud d'Avranches), 404-405; 3 (1887): 450-452 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that his mother, Hawise, was the daughter of William de Curcy, husband of Maud d'Avranches). Notes & Gleanings 2 (1889): 50-56. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-254 (list of knights fees held by Robert Fitz Roy in 1166). Note-book of Tristram Risdon (1897): 53-56. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 73, 75, 101-102. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Seversmith Colonial Fams. of Long Island New York & Connecticut 5 (1958): 2426-2428. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.650, XIII.995. Reedy Basset Charters c.1120 to 1250 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 50) (1995): 25-26 (charter dated 1146-7 of Empress Maud daughter of King Henry I and her son, Henry; charter witnessed by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and Robert Fitz Roy). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Fizzard Plympton Priory (2008): 62, footnote 26. Child of Robert Fitz Roy, by Maud d'Avranches: a. MAUD FITZ ROBERT, married REYNOLD DE COURTENAY, of Sutton, Berkshire [see COURTENAY 1]. ii. ALICE FITZ ROY. In the period, ?1130-35, she witnessed a charter of her step-father, Robert d'Oilly, and her mother, Edith. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 72-73 (Alice daughter of the king [Adeliza Lila Reg.] witness to charter of Robert d'Oilly, his wife, and son dated ?1130-35). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Nest, wife of Gerald of Windsor, Constable of Pembroke, and daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwt, Prince of South Wales: i. HENRY FITZ ROY, of Pembrokeshire. He was killed during King Henry II's invasion at Anglesea in 1157 or 1158. He married ___. They had two sons, Meiler Fitz Henry [Justiciar of Ireland] and Robert, and presumably one daughter, Amabilis Fitz Henry (wife of Walter de Ridelisford). Williams ab Ithel Annales Cambriaes (Rolls Ser.) (1860): 47 (sub A.D. 1158: "Henricus filius Geraldi occisus est, velut alii volunt, filius Henrici regis ..."). Dimock Geraldus Cambrensis: Itinerarium Kambrice, et Descriptio Kambriæ (Geraldus Cambrensis Opera 6) (Rolls Ser.) (1868): 130 (Date: A.D. 1157: "Fuerant autem duo nobiles viti, et ejus qui scripsit haec avunculi, cum aliis hue a rege transmissi: Henricus scilicet regis Henrici primi filius, et secundi avunculus, ex nobili Nesta, Resi filii Theodori filia, in australi Kambria Demetiae finibus oriundus; et Robertus Stephani filius, Henrici frater non germanus sed uterinus."), 130, footnote 2 ("The death of Henry, her [Nest's] son by [King] H[enryl I., in this attack on Anglesea, is placed by Brut under 1156, in Ann. Camb. under 1158. By the former he is called Henry son of King Henry; by the latter, Henry son of Girald, or, according to others, son of king Henry. He was the father of the famous Meiler, the great hero of the Irish invasion."). Gilbert Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin 1 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 30-31 (charter of Walter de Ridelisford to St. Mary's Abbey; charter granted with consent of his wife, Amabilis Fitz Henry and witnessed by Meiler Fitz Henry). Orpen Ireland under the Normans 1 (1911): 18 (ped. chart). Jour. Royal Soc. of Antiqs. Ireland 82 (1952): 46-61. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.656. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 298-299 (biog. of Meiler Fitzhenry). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith: i. MAUD (or MATHILDE, MAHAUT) OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 (as his 1st wife) ROTROU II “the Great,” Count of Perche, seigneur of Belleme, son and heir of Geoffroi, Count of Mortagne and Perche, by Beatrix, daughter of Count Hilduin, Count of Montdidier and Roucy. He was born about 1080. Her maritagium likely included the manors of Aldboume and Wanborough, Wiltshire. They had two daughters, Philippe and Felicie. During the 1st Crusade, he fought at the Siege of Nicaea in mid-1097. He commanded a division that broke out of Antioch in June 1098. He crusaded against the Muslims in Spain probably in 1108. In 1114 he aided his father-in-law, King Henry I, at the Siege of Belleme. At the request of his wife, Maud, a hide of land at Wanborough, Wiltshire was given to Lewes Priory. His wife, Maud, was drowned in the shipwreck of the White Ship 25 Dec. 1120. He was Governor of Tudela in Aragon and participated in campaigns in Aragon from 1123 until the mid-1130s. He returned to Perche by 1135. He married (2nd) before 1126 HAWISE OF SALISBURY, daughter of Walter of Salisbury (also known as Walter Fitz Edward), of Chitterne, Wiltshire, Great Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, North Aston, Oxfordshire, etc., hereditary Sheriff of Wiltshire, Constable of Salisbury Castle, by Sibyl, daughter of Patrick de Chaources (or Sourches) [see LONGESPEE 2 for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Geoffroi, Rotrou (III) [Count of Perche], and Etienne [Archbishop-elect of Palermo]. After King Henry I's death in 1135, he and his nephew, Richer de l'Aigle, extorted the castles of Moulins and Bonmoulins as the price for their support for King Stephen. In 1139 he was taken in the English king's pay and defeated the unruly knights of Breteuil. ROTROU II, Count of Perche, died 6 May 1144 at the Siege of the Towe of Rouen, he then being in the service of Empress Maud and her husband, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. His widow, Hawise, married (2nd) (as his 1st wife) ROBERT I, Count of Dreux and Braille [see DREUX 6], and, in right of his 1st wife, Count of Perche, seigneur of Bellème, younger son of Louis VI, King of France, by Alix, daughter of Humbert II, Count of Savoy and Maurienne [see FRANCE 5 for his ancestry]. They had one daughter, Alix (wife successively of Waleran III, seigneur of Breteuil, Guy II, seigneur of Châtillon-sur-Marne, Jean I, seigneur of Torote, Châtellain de Noyon, and Raoul I de Nesle, Count of Soissons). His wife, Hawise, died in 1152. Robert I, Count of Dreux and Braine, died 11 October 1188. Duchesne Histoire Généalogique de la Maison Royale de Dreux (1631): 13-42. Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 74-75 (sub Capetians), 423-425 (sub Comtes de Dreux). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Des Murs Hist. des Comtes du Perche de la Fam. des Rotrou (1856). Herald & Genealogist 3 (1866): 173-176. Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 255 (Genealogiæ Fusniacensis: "Rotaldus comes, prefati comitis filius, duxit filiam regis Anglie, de qua filiam procreavit. "). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 3940 (charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche, dated c.1119; charter witnessed by his sister [soror], Juliane, and her son, Richer), 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe). Money Hist. of the Ancient Town & Borough of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Boulais Receuil des Antiquitéz du Perche (1890). Romanet de Beaune Géographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (1894): 33-35. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 419 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "6 [Obiit] Rotrodos comes."). Lalizel Abbaye Royal d'Arcisses (Archives du Diocèse de Chartres 10) (1900): 3-10 (charters of Rotrou, Count of Perche). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. VCH Wiltshire 9 (1970): 174-186; 12 (1983): 67-86. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Traditio 41(1985): 145-179. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.649. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France (2002). Hollister Henry I (2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Power Norman Frontier in the Twelfth & Early Thirteenth Centuries (2004): 360-361. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Geoffrey Grossus Life of Blessed Bernard of Tiron (2009): 71, footnote 1. Child of Maud (or Mathilde) of England, by Rotrou II of Perche: a. PHILIPPE OF PERCHE, married HELIE OF ANJOU, Count of Maine, younger son of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine. They had one daughter, Beatrix (wife of Jean I, Count of Alençon). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe [assensu generis mei Helie filieque mee Romanet de Beaune Geographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30-31 ("... Helias vero ...comes Cenomannonun factus est, et xx annis adepto consulatu strenue potitis est. Heres quoque soceri sin Gervasii de Castro Lidi factus est, eujus filiam habuit, ex qua filiam nomine Eremburgem genuit, quam domino suo Fulconi, Andegavorum comiti, in matromonium copulavit … Uxor ejus ei filiam, Eremburgem nomine, peperit, quae, nubilibus annis, Fulconi, Andegavorum tunc comiti, nunc Ierosolymorum regi, nupsit et generosam sobolem genuit: Joffredum et Heliam, Mathildem et Sibyllam, quae filiis regum solemniter nupserunt"). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by various mistresses: i. GILBERT FITZ ROY. He was still young and unmarried in 1142. Nothing more is known of him. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 281 286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.660. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. WILLIAM DE TRACY. He died soon after his father. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121 (author states in error that William de Tracy had a daughter and heiress, Grace, wife of John de Sudeley, of Sudeley Castle and Toddington, Gloucestershire). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.659. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). iii. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ENGLAND, married CONAN III, Duke of Brittany [see BRITTANY 3]. iv. JULIANE OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 EUSTACHE DE PACY (or DE BRETEUIL), seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, illegitimate son of Guillaume, seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, by an unknown mistress. They had two sons, Guillaume and Roger, and two daughters. In 1119 he took part in the rebellion against King Henry I, who besieged his wife, Juliane, at Breteuil. She fled to Pacy, and in the autumn of 1119 Eustache and Juliane were pardoned by the king. A few years later she became a nun at Fontevrault. EUSTACHE DE PACY died at the beginning of Lent 1136, Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Depoin Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Saint-Martin de Pontoise (1895): 470-476 (Famille d'Ivry). C.P. 8 (1932): 209-210 (sub Lovel); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X11.648. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 304 (Fitz Osbem ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Norrnandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). v. MABEL OF ENGLAND, married before c.1125 GUILLAUME GOUET (or GORT), seigneur of Montmirail and Alluyes, son and heir of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail, Alluyes, Authon, la Bazoche-Gouet, Brou, and Château-du-Loir, by his wife, Eustachie Crespon. They had one son, Guillaume [seigneur of Montmirail]. He joined his parents and his brothers, Robert and Matthew, in the foundation of the Priory of St. Giles des Chateigniers as a cell of Tiron. In 1114, as William Gouet junior, he was one of the nobles of Thibaut, Count of Chartres, whom the count called to advise him. In 1116, with his father and mother, he gave judgment in a dispute between the abbey of Marmoutier and Gaston de Brou. As "Guillaume Goët le jeune," he witnessed a charter of Guillaume de Mesmerand to the leproserie of Chateaudun c.1120. He succeeded his father before c.1125. He made an agreement c.1125 with the Prior of Saint-Denis de Nogent regarding the churches of Ceton and Saint-Ulphace. He likewise gave c.1125 to the monks of Saint-Denis the church of Unverre that Gaston de Brou gave them and that his mother Eustachie unjustly retained; for which gift he received 10 livres and his wife, Mabel, 100 sous. About 1127 he witnessed a charter of Ives de Courville, by which he quitclaimed his land in Courville to Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. In 1136 he granted various privileges to Tiron Abbey. In 1140 he confirmed the gift of Bois-Ruffin made by Ursion de Meslay. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Guérard Cartulaire de Saint Père de Chartres 2 (1840): 471-476, 483-486, 494-495. Lépinois Histoire de Chartres 1 (1854): /41. Etudes sur le Maine, Noblesse du Maine aux Crusades (1859): 49-50. Charles & Elbenne Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans (1886-1913): Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbve de la Sainte-Trinité di Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cix (arms of Guillaume Goet dated 1139: Mi-parti au 1er d'argent à deux chevrons de sable; au 2e trois chevrons brisés d'or), 24-27, 78-79, 104-106. Merlet Inventaire-sommaire des Archives départementales anterieures (11790: Eure-et-Loir, Archives Ecclésiastiques, Serie H 8 (1897): 161. Souancé & Métais Saint-Denis de Nogent-le-Rotrou 1031-1789: Histoire et Cartulaire (1899): LVII-LIX, 103-104 (charter of Guillaume Gouet junior son of Guillaume Gouet dated c.1125), 104-106 (charter dated c.1125 naming Guillaume [Gouet] junior, son of Eustachie wife of [Guillaume] Gouet, and his wife, Mabel), 164-166. Bulls. de la Societé Dunoise Archeologie, Histoire, Sciences & Arts 10 (1904): 171-188. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.663, XIII.1014. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Child of Mabel of England, by Guillaume Gouet: a. GUILLAUME GOUET, seigneur of Montmirail, married ISABELLE (or ELIZABETH) OF BLOIS, Duchess of Apulia [see DONZY 4]. vi. CONSTANCE OF ENGLAND, married ROSCELIN DE BEAUMONT, Vicomte of Beaumont-en-Maine [see BEAUMONT 3]. vii. ALINE OF ENGLAND, married MATHIEU DE MONTMORENCY, seigneur of Montmorency [see LEICESTER 3 {sic: MONTMORENCY 3}]. v. SIBYL OF ENGLAND, married ALEXANDER I, King of Scots [see SCOTLAND 1.v], younger son of Malcolm III (Ceannmor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for his parentage]. He was born about 1077. They had no issue. By an unknown mistress, he had an illegitimate son, Malcolm. He became King of Scotland in 1107 on the death of his elder brother, Edgar, King of Scots. He and his wife, Sibyl, founded the monastery of Scone in Perthshire in 1113-14. He was also a benefactor to Durham and Dunfermline. He invaded Wales in summer 1114, in cooperation with King Henry I of England. His wife, Sibyl, died suddenly at Loch Tay 12 July 1122. ALEXANDER I, King of Scots, died at Stirling 23 April 1124, and was buried before the great altar at Dunfermline, Fife near his father. Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: “VII. Kal. Mali [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "VI. Id. Jul. [10 July] Ob. Sibilla Regina Scottorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Turnbull Extracta E Variis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 68 (Extracts ex Cronicis Scocie sub A.D. 1122: "Sibilla, illustris regine Scocie, uxor regis Alexandri, filia Henrici Beuclerk regis Anglie, apud Lochtay cellam canonicorum de Scona obiit anno Domini Moc.xxij"). Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis 2 (1849): 78 (sub A.D. 1123: "Alexander rex Scottorum, VII. kal. Maii [25 April], obiit."). Liber Ecclesie de Scone (1863): 1-3 (charter of Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl; charter witnessed by his nephew [nepos], Alexander, and by William, brother of the queen [frater regine]). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 3 (sub Kings of Scotland). Lawrie Early Scottish Charters prior to A.D. 1153 (1905): 28-30 (charter to Scone Priory dated c.1120 issued by Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl, "filia Henrici Regis Angliae"), 262. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 50-57. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.655, XIII.205. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 57. Duncan Kingship of the Scots 842-1292 (2002). Barrow Kingdom of the Scots (2003): 1541-56. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Oram David I: The King Who Made Scotland (2004). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 313 (Scotland ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I, by Isabel of Meulan, daughter of Robert of Meulan (or de Beaumont), Count of Meulan, by Isabel (or Elizabeth), daughter of Hugues le Grand Count of Crepy [see VERMANDOIS 5 for her ancestry]. Isabel de Meulan married (1st) Gilbert Fitz Gilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 6 Jan. 1147/8) [see PEMBROKE 3] and (2nd) Ralph Bluet, of Silchester, Hampshire and Lacock, Wiltshire (living 1167) [see PEMBROKE 3]. She was allegedly living in 1172. i. ISABEL OF ENGLAND. She and her mother, Countess Isabel, witnessed two undated charters of her half-brother, Richard Fitz Gilbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Her subsequent history is unknown. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 10 (1855): 261-263 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to the monks of Usk; charter witnessed by Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter, Ralph Bloet, and Walter Bloet). C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 361 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Gilbert to Goldcliff Priory; charter witnessed by Isabel the earl's mother and Isabel his sister). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-102 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke) ("Actually there is no reasonable doubt that Isabel [de Meulan]s daughter bore her mother's name, lived with her after the elder Isabel's marriage, and continued to do so after her step-father's death. For the first two witnesses to the 2nd Earl of Pembroke's charter for Usk are the Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter; and in the charter for Goldcliff Priory the first two witnesses are Isabel the Earl's mother and Isabel the Earl's sister. There is no evidence that she ever married."); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.657. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Alleged but unlikely daughter of King Henry I: i. EMMA OF ENGLAND, married GUY DE LAVAL, seigneur of Laval. Hollister Henry 1(2001): 228 ("Bertrand de Brousillon, La Maison de Laval, 1: 79: 'on pretend meme que l’abbaye de Clermont aurait conserve longtemps une tombe sur laquelle on lisait EMMA ANGLORUM REGIS FILIA DOMINAQUE LAVALLENSIS.' The author dismisses this tradition on the grounds that Robert of Torigny omits 'Emma' from his list of Henry's daughters, but the list is by no means complete. Emma is absent from the list of Henry I's illegitimate daughters in CP, 11, app. D, pp. 112-121.").”	Fitz Forne, Edith (I6381)
6048	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY nicknamed “Beauclerc,” King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Cotentin, 4th son, born in 1068 or 1069. He married (1st) 11 Nov. 1100 MAUD OF SCOTLAND, daughter of Malcolm III (CeannMor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for her parentage]. She was born in 1079. They had one son, William, and one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, died at Westminster 1 May 1118. He married (2nd) at Windsor, Berkshire 29 Jan. 1121 ALICE (or AELIZ, ALEIDE, ALEYDA, AELIDIS, ADELIDE, ADELIDIS, ADELAIDIS, ADELIZA, ADELIZE, ATHELICE) OF LOUVAIN, daughter of Gottfried (or Godefroy) I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Louvain, by his 1st wife, Ida, daughter of Otto II, Count of Chiny. She was born about 1103. They had no issue. By various mistresses, he had eight illegitimate sons, Robert [Earl of Gloucester], Richard, Fulk, Reynold [Earl of Cornwall], Robert, Gilbert, William de Tracy, and Henry, and nine illegitimate daughters, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Rotrou II, Count of Perche), Alice, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Conan III, Duke of Brittany), Juliane (wife of Eustache de Pacy, seigneur of Breteuil and Pacy), Mabel (wife of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail), Constance (wife of Roscelin de Beaumont), Aline (wife of Mathieu de Montmorency), Sibyl (wife of Alexander I, King of Scots), and Isabel.* HENRY I, King of England died at Lyons-la-Forêt (near Rouen), Normandy 1 Dec. 1135, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. His widow, Alice, married (2nd) after Dec. 1136 but later than summer 1139 WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, Earl of Lincoln, afterwards 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), hereditary Chief Butler of England, Privy Councillor to King Henry I [see CLIFTON 3]. They had four sons, William [2nd Earl of Arundel or Sussex], Reiner, Henry, and Godfrey, and two daughters, Alice (wife of Jean I, Count of Eu and Alvred de Saint Martin) and Olive. He was a witness to King Stephen's 2nd Charter of Liberties in 1136. He was created Earl of Lincoln c.1138. He gave shelter to Empress Maud at Arundel Castle in 1139, but afterwards adhered to King Stephen. His earldom was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex before Christmas 1141. In his own later charters he is styled Earl of Chichester. About 1145 he witnessed a charter of Henry Hussey as "Consul Willelmo de Cicesterr." His wife, Alice, presented to the prebend of West Dean in 1150. Alice, dowager Queen of England, died as a nun at Affligem Abbey in Brabant 25 (or 26) March 1151, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. He was influential in arranging the treaty of 1153, whereby the Crown continued with King Stephen for life, though the inheritance thereof was secured to Henry II. He subscribed his name to this instrument as "Comes Cicestrie." By grant dated c.1155, King Henry II confirmed to him as "William, Earl of Arundel" the Castle of Arundel, with the whole honour of Arundel and all its appurtenances. He served as Joint Ambassador to France and to the Pope in 1163/4. He served as Chief Ambassador with Princess Maud to Germany in 1168. He was appointed joint Commander of the royal army in Normandy in 1173. In Sept. 1173 he assisted in the defeat near Bury St. Edmunds of the Earl of Leicester. He founded Buckenham Abbey, Norfolk and Pynharn Priory, Sussex. WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), died at Waverley Abbey, Surrey 4 (or 12) October 1176, and was buried at Wymondham Priory, Norfolk. [Footnote *: In 1824 the Scottish historian Chalmers stated that King Henry I of England had an illegitimate daughter, Elizabeth, who married Fergus, lord of Galloway (died 1161). [see Chalmers Caledonia 3 (1824): 250, footnote k ("Fergus [lord of Galloway] ... was a prince of some note, even at the court of Henry I. of England, is certain : as he took to wife, according to the heralds, genealogists, and chroniclers, Elizabeth, the natural daughter of Henry I.")]. Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway), however, debunked Chalmers' statement, noting that the authorities quoted by Chalmers "do not bear out his assertion." Even so, other secondary sources have continued to repeat Chalmers' unfounded claim: See, for example, Mackenzie History of Galloway (1841): 167-172 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England"); Anderson Scottish Nation 2 (1862): 195 ("Fergus, lord of Galloway ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England ..."); M'Kerlie Galloway in Ancient & Modern Times (1891): 155 ("It is necessary to repeat here that Fergus married Elizabeth, the natural daughter of King Henry I. of England."); Maxwell Hist. of Dumfries & Galloway (1896): 47-48 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, natural daughter of Henry I., and sister of Sibilla, who married Alexander I., brother of David."); Ramsay Angevin Empire (1903): 90, footnote 7 ("Gunfrith [i.e., Godred] was son of Olaf, by Afreca, daughter of Fergus of Galloway, by 'Elisabeth,' reputed natural daughter of Henry I."); Oram Lordship of Galloway (2000): 60; Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Barrow Robert Bruce (1965): 36, footnote 2 notes that "Roger Howden calls Uchtred son of Fergus of Galloway a cousin of King Henry II (Gesta Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Ser., i, 80)," a relationship which Professor Barrow states "is best explained on the supposition that Fergus married a bastard daughter of Henry I." However, given that King Henry II of England had a Scottish grandmother, a more likely explanation of the kinship between the Galloway and English royal families is that the wife of Fergus was near related to the Scottish royal family, possibly being a sister of William Fitz Duncan, whose grandfather was Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots [died 1093]. This arrangement would make Uchtred son of Fergus and King Henry II of England related in the 3rd degree of kindred (or second cousins).] D'Achery Spicilegium 10 (1671): 612-613 (Continuatio Chronici Afflegemiensis: "Filia præfati Ducis Aleidis juncta matrimonio Regi Angliæ, post obitum secundi con jugis Afflegemiensis Claustri solitudinem ad reliquum vitæ ad humandum corpus elegit in domo turti Ecclesiæ contigua, cum una aut akera ancilla in Fratrum Afflegemiensiurn quieta taciturna multitudine solitaria habitavit, & beato fine quievit, de qua epitaphium: Aleidis Regina Anglim, filia Ducis Godefridi cum barba, Regnum suscepit in Anglia an MCXXI. obiit 9 Kal. Maii [23 April], sepulta è regione horologii nostri."). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 30 (Kalendar of Obits: "IIII Non. December [2 December]. Obitus Henrici Regis."). Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 32-34. Morice Mémoires pour servir de Preuves à l'Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne 1 (1742): 130 (Extract of Cronicle of Robert, Abbot of Mont Saint Michel: "Anno 1135. Obiit Henricus I. Rex Anglorum in prima die Decembris, cum regnasset annis 35. & 4 mensibus."). Brequigny & Mouchet Table Chronologique des Diplômes, Chartes, Titres ... concernant l’Histoire de France 3 (1783): 236 (charter dated c.1155 of Alice Queen of the English [Adelaidis reginæ Anglorum]). Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: Kal. Maii [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 218 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "IV. Non. Dec. [2 December] Ob Henricus Rex Anglorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Norrnands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXI)). Tierney Hist. & Antiqs. of the Castle & Town of Arundel 1 (1834): 169-179. Michel Histoire des Ducs de Normandie et des Rois D'Angleterre (1840): 69 ("Li rois Henrie, quant la roine Mehaus fu morte, prist à feme Aalis, la fille Godefroi le duc de Louvaing, la cousine Wistasse [Eustace] de Bouloigne; mais n'en ot nul enfant. Si ot-il de bas .vj. Ills et .vij. fines"). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 135-211 (biog. of Matilda of Scotland), 212-256 (biog. of Adelicia of Louvaine). Barrett Memorials of the parochial Church ... in the Parish of Attleborough (1848): 12-41. Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis 2 (1849): 74 (Maud [of Blois], Countess of Chester, styled "niece" to King Henry I of England [neptis regis1). Ordericus Vitalis Ecclesiastical Hist. of England & Normandy 3 (1854): 482 (Roger Fitz Roger and Walter d'Aufay [Aufai] styled "cousins" to King Henry I at Battle of Bremule in 1119 by Ordericus Vitalis). Arch. Journal 20 (1863): 283 ("Adeliza appears to have used the identical matrux of the seal which had belonged to the first queen of Henry I., the name-Aalidis-having been substituted for Matli[Idis), 287-288 (charter of Queen Alice [Aelidis regina] ... There is appended ... a pointed oval seal of white wax .... device, a female figure standing ... The legend is + SIGILLVM • AALIDIS • SECVND[AE • DE]I • GRACIA • REGINAE • ANGLIE.), 288-289 (charter of Queen Alice [A. Dei gracia Regina]); 22 (1865): 152-153 (charter of William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Lincoln; charter names Queen Alice his wife [regina Adelidis]). Sussex Arch. Colls. 15 (1863): 112-113. Luard Annales Monastici 1 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1864): 14 (Margam Annals sub 1151: "Obiit Adelidis, regina secunda Henrici regis."); 3 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1866): 433 (Bermondsey Annals sub A.D. 1121: "Hoc anno rex Henricus primus duxit Adelizam, filiam ducis Lovaniae, in uxorem, tertio nonas Februarii [3 February]."). Burke Gen. Hist, of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited & Extinct Peerages (1866): 2-3 (sub Albini, Earls of Arundel). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. (1867): 21-33 ("In the Register of the Priory of Bromhale, we find the record of his death under the date of the 4th day of October, 22nd of Henry II (A.D. 1176), in the following words, `obiit Willielmus Comes Arundel' (no mention of Sussex or Chichester), et `sepultus est in prioratus de Wymondham.’"). Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptorum 20 (1868): 67 (Orderic Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, Liber X: Roger Fitz Richard [de Clare) styled "kinsman" [cognatus) of King Henry I of England). Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104-108 (discusses evidence that King Henry I had an illegitimate daughter, Maud (or Mathilde)/Almodis, who was Abbess of Montivilliers). Ellis Antiqs. of Heraldry (1869): 206-207 (Aubigny ped.). Lower Compendious Hist. of Sussex 1 (1870): 70 (Robert de Haia, founder of Boxgrove Priory, styled "king's kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry I). Delisle Delisle Chronique de Robert de Tongni 1 (1872): 215 (sub A.D. 1139: "Invitarerat enim eos Willermus de Albinneio, qui duxerat Aeliz quondam reginam, quæ habebat castellum et comitatum Hardundel, quod rex Henricus dederat ei in dote."); 2 (1873): 63-64 ("Cessit etiam in fata Willermus de Albineio, quem vocabant comitem d'Arundel, relinquens filios quatuor, scilicet Guillermum de Albineio pritnogenitum, et alios tres natos ex Aeliza regina, uxore primi Henrici regis Anglorum."). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1874): 298 (sub 1176: "comes etiam Willelmus de Arundel obiit quarto idus Octobris [12 October] apud Waverle, et sepultus eat apud Wimundham, cellam scilicet ecclesiæ Sancti Albani, cujus cellæ patronus fuisse dinoscitur."). Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Obiit autem Matildis regina Anglia anno regni sui xviiio, kalendis Maii [1 May], et apud Radingas sepulta est."). Merlet Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cviii (arms of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy dated 1115: D'argent au cavalier d'azur). D.N.B. 1 (1885): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1(1886): 66 (sub Arundel). Raine Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1886): 169 (History of the Four Archbishops by Hugh the Chantor - King Henry I and Pope Calixtus II were kinsmen: "Nam præter spiritualem patris et filii relationem, carnali consanguinitate propinqui erant, quorum avus et avia frater et soror fuerunt." (Note: Pope Calixtus II was a younger son of William I, Count of Burgundy, whose mother Alice was daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 5-8 (seal of King Henry I - Obverse. King, seated in majesty, in an undercoat with sleeves tight at wrists, and loose skirts reaching below knees; and long flowing cloak fastened at throat and spreading out behind, which has a border, with indications of a fur of symmetrical pattern. On the head a cap-shaped crown, with three fleurs-de-lis, one at top and one at either side, and two chin-straps hanging loosely at sides, the ends having buckles in shape of trefoils. In right hand, extended outwards from elbow, a sword is held almost perpendicularly. In left hand, similarly extended, an orb, ensigned with a long cross pattee pommettee. Throne, apparently square, and closely resembling that of William II.; the centre curves with a bold cusp inwards, with a string-course, and is the narrowest part. In lower of two compartments thus made, is a footboard, not enough remaining to show original size. On throne a flat cushion with square edge, carrying at each end a hemispherical ornament, intended for pillow. Reverse. King, hauberk of chain-mail; conical helmet, having a blunt point at crown of head, and perhaps armed with projecting nose-piece; single pointed spur of goad form; long lance to which is attached a banner, charged with cross moline, and three pairs of waving streamers. No indication of sword. In left hand, held by interior strap, a kite-shaped shield, seen from within. The horse is walking to the right hand, caparisoned with breast-band, which is ornamented by five globular pendants equi-distant. Saddle of small dimensions; with stirrups. The loosely gathered reins are held up in left hand, which also sustains shield. Legend: + HENRIC' D... ... ...). Round "An Unknown Mistress of Henry I." in Eng. Hist. Rev. 5 (1890): 745-746. Luard Flores Historiarum 2 ((Rolls Ser.) 1890): 69 ("Anno gratix MCLIo [1151]. Obiit Adelicia regina, uxor regis Stephani;" the editor notes that the name "Stephani" is erased in Ch. and altered to "Henrici I."). Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (Docs. sur la Province du Perche 3rd Ser. 2) (1894): 40-43. Recueil des Historiens des Castles et de la France 23 (1894): 471 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: "25 Mart. Obiit Adelicia regina."), 476 (Ex Necrologio Monasterii Crucis Sancti Leufredi: "25 Mart. [Obiit] Adeliza, regina Anglorum."), 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Mali. [Obiit] Matildis, regina Anglorum."), 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "12 Oct. [Obiit] Guillelmus, comes de Arundel."), 581 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Dec. [Obiit] Henricus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum."). Napier & Stevenson Crawford Coll. of early Charters & Docs. now in the Bodleian library (1895): 31 (William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Chichester dated c.1150; charter names his wife, Queen Alice [regina Adelide]). Bradshaw Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral Pt. 2 (1897): (obits. in the odd volume of the great Latin Bible), ccxxxviii (2 May - "Matildis regina uxor Henrici regis."), ccxlii (2 Dec. - "Henricus, pacificus rex Anglorum."). Trans. East Herts Arch. Soc. 1(1) (1901): 129-135 (charter of Queen Alice widow of King Henry I dated 1136 [Adelidis regina uxor nobillisimi regis Henrici & filia Godefridi ducis lotharingie]. C.C.R. 1227-1231 (1902): 530 (confirmation of gift of Alice, formerly Queen of England). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 316 (Abbaye de Saint-Denis: "kal. Maius [1 May] Ob. Matildis, Anglorum regina [1118]."), 523 (Prieure de Longpont: "kaL maii. [1 May] [obit.] Maltidis, Anglorum regina [1118]."). Warner & Ellis Facsimiles of Royal & Other Charters in the British Museum 1 (1903): #14 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Lincoln dated c.1139-40; charter names his wife, Queen Adeleidis), #27 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Chichester dated 1151-2; charter names his wife, Queen Athelice). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 1-2 (sub Kings of Scotland). Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 25-34. Eng. Hist. Rev. 21(1906): 505-509. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 2 (1906): 241 (Obituaire of Prieure de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan: "Henricus, rex Anglorum, frater noster, III nonas decembris [3 Dec.] [1135]."), 661 (Nécrologe of Abbaye de Saint-Jean-en-Vallée: 12 Dec.] IIII non. Obiit Henricus, Anglorum rex [1135], ecclesiarum amator praecipuus."). Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway) ("[Fergus, lord of Galloway] is said to have married Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of King Henry I. of England, but the authorities quoted by Chalmers, who makes the statement, do not bear out his assertion."). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Urseau Cartulaire Moir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (1908): 167-168 (charter of King Henry I dated c.1111=20). Gomme Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1909): 217 (sub A.D. 1100: Maud of Scotland, 1st wife of King Henry I, styled "kinswoman to king Edward [the Confessor] and of the true royal race of England."), 239-240 (sub A.D. 1127: Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone], Abbot of Saint-Jean of Angély (in Poitou), afterwards Abbot of Peterborough styled "kinsman" [mæi] of [Henry I] King of England and [Guillaume] Count of Poitou) [see also Earle and Plummer Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel 1 (1892): 257; English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-5601. CP. 1 (1910): 233-235, 237 (chart) (sub Arundel); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Round King's Serjeants & Officers of State (1911): 140-165. English Hist. Rev. 34 (1919): 303-382. Farrer Outline Itinerary of King Henry 1 (1920). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) XI 112. Rübel-Blass (1939) 257 (biographical information). G.H. White "Henry I's Illegitimate Children," in C.P. 11 (1949), Appendix D, 105-121. Leys Sandford Cartulary 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 22) (1941): 216. Johnson et al. Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066-1154 2 (1956): 148 (John [son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent], a royal chaplain, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of King Henry I of England in charter dated 1117-19). C.R.R. 12 (1957): 157-158 (Sibyl de Falaise, wife of Baldwin de Bolers, styled "kinswoman" [nepte] of King Henry I of England). Stenton First Century of English Feudalism, 1066-1166 (1961). Davis King Stephen (1967): 137 ("[King] Stephen recognized three successive earls of Lincoln ... The first was William d'Aubigny pincerna who married Queen Adeliza, widow of King Henry I, and in her right became lord of the honour and castle of Arundel. He styles himself William Earl of Lincoln in three charters in which his identity is proved by references to his wife. They are in favour of Lewes Priory and the abbeys of Reading and Affligem-and in the case of Affligem there is also a charter of Adeliza referring to her husband as earl of Lincoln (Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville 3245; Warner and Ellis, Facsimiles, no. 14; E. de Marneffe, Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Affligem in Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclesiastique de la Belgique, 2o section, pp. 104,106). In royal charters it is usually impossible to distinguish him from his successor, William de Roumare, since the normal style of both was Willelmus comes de Lincolnia, or (before he was an earl) from his father, William d'Aubignypincerna, who died before June 1139 (Reg. iii. 973). If Robert de Torigny is right (Chronicles iv. 137) William had married Adeliza by September 1139, and it is tempting to assume that it was on his marriage that he was made earl of Lincoln, his connection with that county being that his mother, Maud Bigod, was a grand-daughter, and possible co-heiress, of Robert de Tosny of Belvoir. We do not know precisely when he was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex, but it was certainly by Christmas 1141 when he attested a charter as Comite Willelmo de Sudsexa (Reg. iii. 276)."). Chibnall Ecclesiastical Hist. of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80): 317 (Vol. VI, Book XII - Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone] styled "kinsman" [cognato] of King Henry I of England) [see English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-560]. Albion 10 (1978): 330-340. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 95 (sub Hainault, Brabant); 2 (1984): 81 (sub England); 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Chibnall Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166 (1986). Green Government of England under Henry 1(1986). Hollister Monarchy, Magnates, & Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World (1986). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 1 (Camden Soc. 4th Ser. 31) (1986): 301, 369, 476. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.1.423, XII.371, X11.644-X11.645, XIII.207. Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 136 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "7 Kal. [Apr.] [26 March]. Obiit Atheliza regina."), 130 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit Rex Anglorum Henricus primus."), 146 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit rex Anglorum Henricus i."). Haskins Soc. Jour. 7 (1995): 101-116. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35, 57. Scottish Hirt. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I Pt 2 (List and Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 143 (confirmation c. 1172/81 of grant made by Queen Adela) (original published in Jour. of British Architetural Assoc. 17: 312). Scottish Hist. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Harper-Bill Anglo-Norman Studies XXI (1999): 145-168. Bartlett England under the Norman & Angevin Kings 1075-1225 (2000). Hollister Henry 1(2001). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.), 313 (Scotland ped.). Weller Die Heiratspolitik des deutschen Hochadels im 12. Jahrhundert (2004): 464-4.76 (biog. of Königin Adelheid von England) ("On page 476, Weller states: "Seine Gattin Adelheid von Lowen, die ehemalige Konigin von England, war schon 1151 wahrend des Bürgerkrieges verschieden und wurde in Reading beigesetzt ... Der Begräbnisort Kgn. Adelheids geht aus einem Schreiben Jocelins v. Löwen an Bf. Hilarius v. Chichester eindeutig hervor, vgl. Reading Abbey Cartularies 1, No. 551, 416E; s.a. Bartlett, England 596. Nicht stichhaltig ist demgegeniiber die van Sanderus, Chorographia 1, 45, verbreitete Nachricht, wonach Adelheid vor ihrem Tod in ihre Heimat übergesiedelt und im Kloster Afflighem gestoren and begraben sei; heirnach auch John Horace Round in dem Art.: Adeliza of Louvain, in DNB 1(1885): 137f.; Complete Peerage 1, 235. Allerdings ist Kgn. Adelheid als Wohltäterin von Afflighem aufgetreten unde hat dem Kloster einigen Besitz in England gestiftet; vgl. Cart. Afflighem, No. 79, 121-124 (hier 122)."). Verbeke Medieval Narrative Sources (2005): 21-36. Fleming Henry I & the Anglo-Norman World: Studies in Memory of C. Warren Hollister (2006). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006). Children of King Henry I of England, by Maud of Scotland: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, son and heir apparent, born in 1103. As his father's destined successor, he received the homage of the Normans barons in 1115, and that of the English witan in 1116. He married at Lisieux in May 1119 MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ANJOU, daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou. He was with his father at the Battle of Bremule in 1119. Early in 1120 King Louis of France invested him with the duchy of Normandy. He was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 160 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1120: "Willelmus filius Henrici Regis, & Ricardus frater ejus & Ricardus Comes de Cestria cum multis Nobilibus naufragio perierunt.”). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. D.N.B. 21(1909): 337 (biog. of William, son of Henry I, King of England). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 81 (sub England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.644. Caenegem English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I 1 (Selden Soc. 106) (1990): 180-181, 192-193, 213-214. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.). ii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, married (1st) HEINRICH V, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor; (2nd) GEOFFREY V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy [see next]. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by an unknown mistress, (possibly a member of the Bohun family): i. ROBERT FITZ ROY, Earl of Gloucester, married MABEL FITZ ROBERT [see GLOUCESTER 3]. Illegitimate sons of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Ansfride, widow of Anskill, a knight who was a tenant of Abingdon Abbey: i. RICHARD FITZ ROY, born before 1101. He served against the French in 1119, and was captured at Les Andelys. He was set free with his comrades by King Louis, because they had taken sanctuary in the church of Notre Dame du Grand Andely. Later the same year he was with his father at the Siege of Evreux and the Battle of Brémule. In Sept. 1119 he was sent to raise the Siege at Bréteuil. He was betrothed to Amice de Gael, daughter of Raoul, seigneur of Gael in Brittany and Bréteuil in Normandy. He was drowned immediately afterwards in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Amice subsequently married Robert of Meulan, 1st Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 6]. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Alium quoque habuit filium Ricardum, et cessavit parere... Navis enim infausta qun regis gestabat filios Willelrnum et Ricardum, submersa est, periitque in scopulis Barbefluvii."). C.P. 7 (1929): 527-530 (sub Leicester); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.646. Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni 2 (1992): 248-249 (Robert de Torigny: "Ricardus autem, huius comitis uno de patre frater, cum fratre suo Willelmo in sepedicto naufiagio periit."). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. FULK FITZ ROY. Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(II.647. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Sibyl Corbet: i. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall, Sheriff of Devon, 1173-5. He married in 1140 MABEL FITZ WILLIAM, daughter of William Fitz Richard, of Cornwall. They had one son, Nicholas, and four daughters, Denise (wife of Richard de Redvers, Earl of Devon), Maud, Sarah (wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges), and Emme (wife of Guy V de Laval, seigneur of Laval). By a mistress, Beatrice de Valle (or Vaux) (afterwards wife of William Briwerre, Knt.), he had an illegitimate son, Henry Fitz Count. By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, William. He was granted the lands of William, Earl of Mortain, amounting to 215-1/2 fees in Devon and Cornwall. He was created Earl of Cornwall about April 1141. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, were recognized by contemporaries as "the most powerful men in the kingdom." His wife, Mabel, fell into insanity in the 1140s. He witnessed a charter of Henry d'Oilly in the period, 1114-47. In 1153 he witnessed the agreement between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy [afterwards King Henry II]. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, acted as intermediary between the king and Thomas Becket at Northampton in 1164. He played a major part in opposing the rebels of 1173-4 in England. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall died 1 July 1175, allegedly at Chertsey, Surrey, and was buried at Reading, Berkshire. Dugdale Baronage (1675): 702 (sub Briwere) ("[William Briwere] having married Beatrix de Valle, a Concubine, as 'tis said, to Reginald Earl of Cornwall (which is probable, for in a Grant made by Henry Son to the same Reginald [Earl of Cornwall], unto this William [Briwere], of the Mannor of Karswell, and Land of Hakford, he calls him his Brother")) [Note: Dugdale evidently intended to say that Henry Fitz Count's brother was William Briwere the younger, as it was William Briwere the elder was the husband of his mother, Beatrice de Valle]. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 6, 98 (undated charter of Reynold son of King Henry to William de Botreaux son of Alice Corbet his aunt [matertera]; charter witnessed by his son, Nicholas; his nephews/kinsmen [nepotibus], Ralph and Richard, and his brother, William), 112. Topographer 2 (1790): 288-291. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 2 (1836 11): 239-240 (Bruere or Briwere ped.). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 163 ("Deditque ibidem Hereberto filio Hereberti, et Willelmo fratri comitis Reginaldi, et Joelllano de la Pumerai, nepoti eorum, regnum be Limeric pro servitio sexaginta militum"), 172 ("Nam Herbertus, et Willelmus, fratres Reginaldi comitis Cornubiae, et Joellanus de Purnetia nepos eorum, regnum illud havere noluerunt; sed illud reddiderunt domino regi et Johanni filio suo liberum et quietum ab omni calurnnia eorum"). Le Fizelier Mémoire chronologique de Maucourt de Bourjolly sur la Ville de Laval 1 (1886): 136-142. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-253 (William brother of Earl Reynold [Willelmus frater Comitis Reginaldi] held 1/2 knight's fee of Robert Fitz Roy in 1166), 261-262 (William brother of the Earl [Willelmus frater Comitis] held four knight's fees Reynold, Earl of Cornwall in 1166). Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 455-456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 34. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 75. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Colls. Hist. Staffs. 1924 (1926): 9, 219. English Hist. Rev. 62 (1947): 352-377 (charter of William de Marsh brother of Reynold Earl of Cornwall [Willelmus de Marisco frater Reginaldi comitis Cornubie]). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II], later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Minor & Butler eds. Letters of John of Salisbury 1 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1955): 162-163. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987): 9-10 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1154-65), 10-11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1146-55), 11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 195-196 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1165-75, witnessed by his son, Nicholas), 196-197 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 197-198 (two confirmation charters of King Henry II of England naming his "uncle" [avunculus] Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, one dated c.1174-5, the other dated c.1174-6). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(11.651, X111.996-1000. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Hollister Henry 1(2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart).Cornwall Rec. Office: Borough of Truro, BTRU/1 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1161-66) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, by Mabel Fitz William: a. MAUD OF CORNWALL, married ROBERT II, Count of Meulan [see VERMANDOIS 7]. Illegitimate child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, allegedly by Beatrice de Valle: a. HENRY FITZ COUNT, of Liskeard, Cornwall and King's Kerswell, Devon, Constable of Totnes Castle, 1209, Governor of Portchester Castle, 1211, Sheriff of Cornwall, 1215, 1217-20, Constable of Launceston Castle and Warden of the Stanneries, 1215. In 1194 he was granted the manors of Liskeard, Cornwall and Diptford and King's Kerswell, Devon by the king. In 1196 he witnessed the Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by his alleged step-father, Sir William Briwerre. In 1215 he had a grant of the county of Cornwall from King John, to farm until the realm should be at peace. The grant was renewed by King Henry III 7 Feb. 1216/7. He resigned the county to the king in 1220, when he took the cross. HENRY FITZ COUNT died a crusader in 1222. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Hunter Catalogue of the MSS in the library of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn (1838): 13. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(2) (1846): 924 (Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by William Briwer). Oliver Monasticon Dioecesis Exoniensis (1846): 174 (charter of Henry son of Reynold Earl of Cornwall; charter granted for the souls of his brothers and his mother), 179, 183. Trans. Exeter Diocesan Architectural & Arch. Soc. 2nd Ser. 1 (1867): 133-134. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 31(1870): 5. Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 21. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 9 (1902): 295-296 ("But Reginald de Dunstanville [i.e., Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall] had also by Beatrix de Valle (who afterwards became the wife of William Brewer, the judge of Henry II. and one of the regents of Richard I.) an illegitimate son named Henry FitzCount (sometimes FitzHenry), who became in after years also Earl of Cornwall."). Genealogist n.s. 20 (1904): 10-11. C.P. 3 (1913): 430 (sub Cornwall). Painter Reign of King John (1949): 231, 290, 348, 358-359. Hobbs Cartulary of Forde Abbey (Somerset Rec. Soc. 85) (1998): 116 (charter of Henry Fitz Count dated 1200-22; charter witnessed by William Brewer). North Devon Rec. Office: Chichester of Arlington, 50/11/29/3 (confirmation of a gift of land dated early 13th Cent. from Henry son of Earl Reginald to William de Tracy of all his land of Wollecombe [in Mortehoe] and Boklande, Devon, which William and his ancestors held of Henry and his ancestors, lords of Bradneys, as the charter of Hugh Ruffus testifies. To have and to hold to the aforesaid William, his heirs and assigns, of Henry and his heirs for ever, rendering all due and customary services. Seal of Henry son of Earl Reginald - Round, natural wax, armorial, surrounded by legend giving name of owner, chipped. The arms on shield resemble those of Courtenay family, but the Courtenays did not become Earls till 14th Cent.) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Henry III Fine Rolls Project (Baldekin styled "kinsman" of H[enry] Fitz Count in a fine roll item dated 1220; by whom he was earlier granted lands in Cornwall formerly held by Robert de Tintagel) (available at www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_015.html). Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith, daughter of Forne son of Sigulf, lord of Greystoke, Cumberland. Edith subsequently married ROBERT D'OILLY, of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, Constable of Oxford Castle. They had two sons, Henry and Gilbert. He and his wife, Edith, founded Oseney Priory near Oxford in 1129. Robert d'Oilly died in Sept. 1142. Sometime in the period, c.1145-56, his widow, Edith, granted a toft in Huggate and 68-1/2 acres in the fields there to the poor of the Hospital of St. Peter, York. Leys Sandford Cartulary 1 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 19) (1938): 50 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith), 92 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated before June 1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith, and his son, Henry). Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 505-508, 510 (charter of Edith wife of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1145-56), 510-511 (charter of Henry d'Oilly dated c.1145-56; charter witnessed by his wife, Maud), 518-519. Hedley Northumberland Fares. (1968): 233. i. ROBERT FITZ ROY. He held land in Devonshire in 1130. He witnessed a charter of his step-father, Robert d'Oilly, in the period, ?1130-35. He supported his half-sister, Empress Maud, in the Civil War. In the period, 1144-7, he witnessed a charter of his half-brother, Henry d'Oilly. In 1146-7 he witnessed a charter of Empress Maud and her son, Henry. About 1150 he granted 10 pounds of land in his manor of Wantage, Berkshire to the church of Oseney, with the counsel of Henry d'Oilly his half-brother. Sometime in the period, 1153-67, he witnessed a charter of Wigan of Wallingford. He married before 1162 MAUD D'AVRANCHES, widow of William de Courcy (or ?Geoffrey de Crimes?), and daughter of Robert d'Avranches, by ___, daughter of Gelduin de Dol. They had one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, was heiress of Richard Fitz Baldwin. In 1162 he granted St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter two ferlings of land in his manor of Calvalegie juxta Cobbalegiam, together with a man named Edwium son of Wranhi; charter was granted with with the consent of his wife, Maud d'Avranches. ROBERT FITZ ROY died 31 May 1172. His widow, Maud, died 21 Sept. 1173. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farms of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Coll. Top. et Gen. 1 (1834): 188 ("C. Rob[er]ti filii Henrici Regis per concessionem Mathildis, filiz Roberti de Avrenchis et heredis Ricardi filii Baldewini, dans totam vincam quam Rob'tus fil. Baldewini et Ricardus fester ejus Eccl. S.N. dederunt."), 382 (charter dated 1162 of Robert son of King Henry, granted with consent of Maud d'Avranches his wife [Robertus filius Regis Henrici, assensu Matillidis de Abrinco uxoris meae to St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter). Dugdale Monasticon Anglican = 5 (1846): 377-382 (Ford Abbey, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia: "Obijt denique vir ejus secundus, dominus Robertus filius regis Henrici anno Domini M.clxxii. pridie calendas Junii [31 May], et post ipsum vicecomitissa Matildis, itaque de Aubrincis ut prius nuncupata, undecimo calendas Octobris [21 Sept.] anno Domini M.clxxiii. et regni regis Henrici secundi 19."); 6(1) (1830): 253 (charter of Robert son of King Henry [Robertus Henrici regis filius]; charter names his [half-]brother [fratris], Henry d'Oilly). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Priory of Hexham 1 (Surtees Soc. 64) (1864): 138 (Chronicle of John, Prior of Hexham: "Emissi sunt autem ducenti milites cum Rodberto, filio Edae et Henrici Regis notho, et Johanne Marascaldo ...."). Freeman Reign of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 723. Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): 374 (charter of Robert son of King Henry dated c.1150). Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 3 (1881): 1-3. Maitland Bracton's Note Book 2 (1887): 137-138 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that he was the son of Hawise, the first born daughter of Maud d'Avranches; Hawise's sister, Maud de Courtenay, who was the plaintiff in the lawsuit, in turn testified that the said Hawise was the daughter of Geoffrey de Crimes (or Crunes, Cruues), the 1st husband of Maud d'Avranches), 404-405; 3 (1887): 450-452 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that his mother, Hawise, was the daughter of William de Curcy, husband of Maud d'Avranches). Notes & Gleanings 2 (1889): 50-56. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-254 (list of knights fees held by Robert Fitz Roy in 1166). Note-book of Tristram Risdon (1897): 53-56. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 73, 75, 101-102. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Seversmith Colonial Fams. of Long Island New York & Connecticut 5 (1958): 2426-2428. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.650, XIII.995. Reedy Basset Charters c.1120 to 1250 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 50) (1995): 25-26 (charter dated 1146-7 of Empress Maud daughter of King Henry I and her son, Henry; charter witnessed by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and Robert Fitz Roy). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Fizzard Plympton Priory (2008): 62, footnote 26. Child of Robert Fitz Roy, by Maud d'Avranches: a. MAUD FITZ ROBERT, married REYNOLD DE COURTENAY, of Sutton, Berkshire [see COURTENAY 1]. ii. ALICE FITZ ROY. In the period, ?1130-35, she witnessed a charter of her step-father, Robert d'Oilly, and her mother, Edith. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 72-73 (Alice daughter of the king [Adeliza Lila Reg.] witness to charter of Robert d'Oilly, his wife, and son dated ?1130-35). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Nest, wife of Gerald of Windsor, Constable of Pembroke, and daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwt, Prince of South Wales: i. HENRY FITZ ROY, of Pembrokeshire. He was killed during King Henry II's invasion at Anglesea in 1157 or 1158. He married ___. They had two sons, Meiler Fitz Henry [Justiciar of Ireland] and Robert, and presumably one daughter, Amabilis Fitz Henry (wife of Walter de Ridelisford). Williams ab Ithel Annales Cambriaes (Rolls Ser.) (1860): 47 (sub A.D. 1158: "Henricus filius Geraldi occisus est, velut alii volunt, filius Henrici regis ..."). Dimock Geraldus Cambrensis: Itinerarium Kambrice, et Descriptio Kambriæ (Geraldus Cambrensis Opera 6) (Rolls Ser.) (1868): 130 (Date: A.D. 1157: "Fuerant autem duo nobiles viti, et ejus qui scripsit haec avunculi, cum aliis hue a rege transmissi: Henricus scilicet regis Henrici primi filius, et secundi avunculus, ex nobili Nesta, Resi filii Theodori filia, in australi Kambria Demetiae finibus oriundus; et Robertus Stephani filius, Henrici frater non germanus sed uterinus."), 130, footnote 2 ("The death of Henry, her [Nest's] son by [King] H[enryl I., in this attack on Anglesea, is placed by Brut under 1156, in Ann. Camb. under 1158. By the former he is called Henry son of King Henry; by the latter, Henry son of Girald, or, according to others, son of king Henry. He was the father of the famous Meiler, the great hero of the Irish invasion."). Gilbert Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin 1 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 30-31 (charter of Walter de Ridelisford to St. Mary's Abbey; charter granted with consent of his wife, Amabilis Fitz Henry and witnessed by Meiler Fitz Henry). Orpen Ireland under the Normans 1 (1911): 18 (ped. chart). Jour. Royal Soc. of Antiqs. Ireland 82 (1952): 46-61. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.656. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 298-299 (biog. of Meiler Fitzhenry). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith: i. MAUD (or MATHILDE, MAHAUT) OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 (as his 1st wife) ROTROU II “the Great,” Count of Perche, seigneur of Belleme, son and heir of Geoffroi, Count of Mortagne and Perche, by Beatrix, daughter of Count Hilduin, Count of Montdidier and Roucy. He was born about 1080. Her maritagium likely included the manors of Aldboume and Wanborough, Wiltshire. They had two daughters, Philippe and Felicie. During the 1st Crusade, he fought at the Siege of Nicaea in mid-1097. He commanded a division that broke out of Antioch in June 1098. He crusaded against the Muslims in Spain probably in 1108. In 1114 he aided his father-in-law, King Henry I, at the Siege of Belleme. At the request of his wife, Maud, a hide of land at Wanborough, Wiltshire was given to Lewes Priory. His wife, Maud, was drowned in the shipwreck of the White Ship 25 Dec. 1120. He was Governor of Tudela in Aragon and participated in campaigns in Aragon from 1123 until the mid-1130s. He returned to Perche by 1135. He married (2nd) before 1126 HAWISE OF SALISBURY, daughter of Walter of Salisbury (also known as Walter Fitz Edward), of Chitterne, Wiltshire, Great Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, North Aston, Oxfordshire, etc., hereditary Sheriff of Wiltshire, Constable of Salisbury Castle, by Sibyl, daughter of Patrick de Chaources (or Sourches) [see LONGESPEE 2 for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Geoffroi, Rotrou (III) [Count of Perche], and Etienne [Archbishop-elect of Palermo]. After King Henry I's death in 1135, he and his nephew, Richer de l'Aigle, extorted the castles of Moulins and Bonmoulins as the price for their support for King Stephen. In 1139 he was taken in the English king's pay and defeated the unruly knights of Breteuil. ROTROU II, Count of Perche, died 6 May 1144 at the Siege of the Towe of Rouen, he then being in the service of Empress Maud and her husband, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. His widow, Hawise, married (2nd) (as his 1st wife) ROBERT I, Count of Dreux and Braille [see DREUX 6], and, in right of his 1st wife, Count of Perche, seigneur of Bellème, younger son of Louis VI, King of France, by Alix, daughter of Humbert II, Count of Savoy and Maurienne [see FRANCE 5 for his ancestry]. They had one daughter, Alix (wife successively of Waleran III, seigneur of Breteuil, Guy II, seigneur of Châtillon-sur-Marne, Jean I, seigneur of Torote, Châtellain de Noyon, and Raoul I de Nesle, Count of Soissons). His wife, Hawise, died in 1152. Robert I, Count of Dreux and Braine, died 11 October 1188. Duchesne Histoire Généalogique de la Maison Royale de Dreux (1631): 13-42. Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 74-75 (sub Capetians), 423-425 (sub Comtes de Dreux). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Des Murs Hist. des Comtes du Perche de la Fam. des Rotrou (1856). Herald & Genealogist 3 (1866): 173-176. Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 255 (Genealogiæ Fusniacensis: "Rotaldus comes, prefati comitis filius, duxit filiam regis Anglie, de qua filiam procreavit. "). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 3940 (charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche, dated c.1119; charter witnessed by his sister [soror], Juliane, and her son, Richer), 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe). Money Hist. of the Ancient Town & Borough of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Boulais Receuil des Antiquitéz du Perche (1890). Romanet de Beaune Géographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (1894): 33-35. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 419 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "6 [Obiit] Rotrodos comes."). Lalizel Abbaye Royal d'Arcisses (Archives du Diocèse de Chartres 10) (1900): 3-10 (charters of Rotrou, Count of Perche). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. VCH Wiltshire 9 (1970): 174-186; 12 (1983): 67-86. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Traditio 41(1985): 145-179. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.649. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France (2002). Hollister Henry I (2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Power Norman Frontier in the Twelfth & Early Thirteenth Centuries (2004): 360-361. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Geoffrey Grossus Life of Blessed Bernard of Tiron (2009): 71, footnote 1. Child of Maud (or Mathilde) of England, by Rotrou II of Perche: a. PHILIPPE OF PERCHE, married HELIE OF ANJOU, Count of Maine, younger son of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine. They had one daughter, Beatrix (wife of Jean I, Count of Alençon). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe [assensu generis mei Helie filieque mee Romanet de Beaune Geographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30-31 ("... Helias vero ...comes Cenomannonun factus est, et xx annis adepto consulatu strenue potitis est. Heres quoque soceri sin Gervasii de Castro Lidi factus est, eujus filiam habuit, ex qua filiam nomine Eremburgem genuit, quam domino suo Fulconi, Andegavorum comiti, in matromonium copulavit … Uxor ejus ei filiam, Eremburgem nomine, peperit, quae, nubilibus annis, Fulconi, Andegavorum tunc comiti, nunc Ierosolymorum regi, nupsit et generosam sobolem genuit: Joffredum et Heliam, Mathildem et Sibyllam, quae filiis regum solemniter nupserunt"). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by various mistresses: i. GILBERT FITZ ROY. He was still young and unmarried in 1142. Nothing more is known of him. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 281 286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.660. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. WILLIAM DE TRACY. He died soon after his father. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121 (author states in error that William de Tracy had a daughter and heiress, Grace, wife of John de Sudeley, of Sudeley Castle and Toddington, Gloucestershire). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.659. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). iii. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ENGLAND, married CONAN III, Duke of Brittany [see BRITTANY 3]. iv. JULIANE OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 EUSTACHE DE PACY (or DE BRETEUIL), seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, illegitimate son of Guillaume, seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, by an unknown mistress. They had two sons, Guillaume and Roger, and two daughters. In 1119 he took part in the rebellion against King Henry I, who besieged his wife, Juliane, at Breteuil. She fled to Pacy, and in the autumn of 1119 Eustache and Juliane were pardoned by the king. A few years later she became a nun at Fontevrault. EUSTACHE DE PACY died at the beginning of Lent 1136, Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Depoin Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Saint-Martin de Pontoise (1895): 470-476 (Famille d'Ivry). C.P. 8 (1932): 209-210 (sub Lovel); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X11.648. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 304 (Fitz Osbem ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Norrnandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). v. MABEL OF ENGLAND, married before c.1125 GUILLAUME GOUET (or GORT), seigneur of Montmirail and Alluyes, son and heir of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail, Alluyes, Authon, la Bazoche-Gouet, Brou, and Château-du-Loir, by his wife, Eustachie Crespon. They had one son, Guillaume [seigneur of Montmirail]. He joined his parents and his brothers, Robert and Matthew, in the foundation of the Priory of St. Giles des Chateigniers as a cell of Tiron. In 1114, as William Gouet junior, he was one of the nobles of Thibaut, Count of Chartres, whom the count called to advise him. In 1116, with his father and mother, he gave judgment in a dispute between the abbey of Marmoutier and Gaston de Brou. As "Guillaume Goët le jeune," he witnessed a charter of Guillaume de Mesmerand to the leproserie of Chateaudun c.1120. He succeeded his father before c.1125. He made an agreement c.1125 with the Prior of Saint-Denis de Nogent regarding the churches of Ceton and Saint-Ulphace. He likewise gave c.1125 to the monks of Saint-Denis the church of Unverre that Gaston de Brou gave them and that his mother Eustachie unjustly retained; for which gift he received 10 livres and his wife, Mabel, 100 sous. About 1127 he witnessed a charter of Ives de Courville, by which he quitclaimed his land in Courville to Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. In 1136 he granted various privileges to Tiron Abbey. In 1140 he confirmed the gift of Bois-Ruffin made by Ursion de Meslay. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Guérard Cartulaire de Saint Père de Chartres 2 (1840): 471-476, 483-486, 494-495. Lépinois Histoire de Chartres 1 (1854): /41. Etudes sur le Maine, Noblesse du Maine aux Crusades (1859): 49-50. Charles & Elbenne Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans (1886-1913): Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbve de la Sainte-Trinité di Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cix (arms of Guillaume Goet dated 1139: Mi-parti au 1er d'argent à deux chevrons de sable; au 2e trois chevrons brisés d'or), 24-27, 78-79, 104-106. Merlet Inventaire-sommaire des Archives départementales anterieures (11790: Eure-et-Loir, Archives Ecclésiastiques, Serie H 8 (1897): 161. Souancé & Métais Saint-Denis de Nogent-le-Rotrou 1031-1789: Histoire et Cartulaire (1899): LVII-LIX, 103-104 (charter of Guillaume Gouet junior son of Guillaume Gouet dated c.1125), 104-106 (charter dated c.1125 naming Guillaume [Gouet] junior, son of Eustachie wife of [Guillaume] Gouet, and his wife, Mabel), 164-166. Bulls. de la Societé Dunoise Archeologie, Histoire, Sciences & Arts 10 (1904): 171-188. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.663, XIII.1014. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Child of Mabel of England, by Guillaume Gouet: a. GUILLAUME GOUET, seigneur of Montmirail, married ISABELLE (or ELIZABETH) OF BLOIS, Duchess of Apulia [see DONZY 4]. vi. CONSTANCE OF ENGLAND, married ROSCELIN DE BEAUMONT, Vicomte of Beaumont-en-Maine [see BEAUMONT 3]. vii. ALINE OF ENGLAND, married MATHIEU DE MONTMORENCY, seigneur of Montmorency [see LEICESTER 3 {sic: MONTMORENCY 3}]. v. SIBYL OF ENGLAND, married ALEXANDER I, King of Scots [see SCOTLAND 1.v], younger son of Malcolm III (Ceannmor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for his parentage]. He was born about 1077. They had no issue. By an unknown mistress, he had an illegitimate son, Malcolm. He became King of Scotland in 1107 on the death of his elder brother, Edgar, King of Scots. He and his wife, Sibyl, founded the monastery of Scone in Perthshire in 1113-14. He was also a benefactor to Durham and Dunfermline. He invaded Wales in summer 1114, in cooperation with King Henry I of England. His wife, Sibyl, died suddenly at Loch Tay 12 July 1122. ALEXANDER I, King of Scots, died at Stirling 23 April 1124, and was buried before the great altar at Dunfermline, Fife near his father. Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: “VII. Kal. Mali [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "VI. Id. Jul. [10 July] Ob. Sibilla Regina Scottorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Turnbull Extracta E Variis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 68 (Extracts ex Cronicis Scocie sub A.D. 1122: "Sibilla, illustris regine Scocie, uxor regis Alexandri, filia Henrici Beuclerk regis Anglie, apud Lochtay cellam canonicorum de Scona obiit anno Domini Moc.xxij"). Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis 2 (1849): 78 (sub A.D. 1123: "Alexander rex Scottorum, VII. kal. Maii [25 April], obiit."). Liber Ecclesie de Scone (1863): 1-3 (charter of Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl; charter witnessed by his nephew [nepos], Alexander, and by William, brother of the queen [frater regine]). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 3 (sub Kings of Scotland). Lawrie Early Scottish Charters prior to A.D. 1153 (1905): 28-30 (charter to Scone Priory dated c.1120 issued by Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl, "filia Henrici Regis Angliae"), 262. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 50-57. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.655, XIII.205. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 57. Duncan Kingship of the Scots 842-1292 (2002). Barrow Kingdom of the Scots (2003): 1541-56. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Oram David I: The King Who Made Scotland (2004). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 313 (Scotland ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I, by Isabel of Meulan, daughter of Robert of Meulan (or de Beaumont), Count of Meulan, by Isabel (or Elizabeth), daughter of Hugues le Grand Count of Crepy [see VERMANDOIS 5 for her ancestry]. Isabel de Meulan married (1st) Gilbert Fitz Gilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 6 Jan. 1147/8) [see PEMBROKE 3] and (2nd) Ralph Bluet, of Silchester, Hampshire and Lacock, Wiltshire (living 1167) [see PEMBROKE 3]. She was allegedly living in 1172. i. ISABEL OF ENGLAND. She and her mother, Countess Isabel, witnessed two undated charters of her half-brother, Richard Fitz Gilbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Her subsequent history is unknown. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 10 (1855): 261-263 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to the monks of Usk; charter witnessed by Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter, Ralph Bloet, and Walter Bloet). C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 361 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Gilbert to Goldcliff Priory; charter witnessed by Isabel the earl's mother and Isabel his sister). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-102 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke) ("Actually there is no reasonable doubt that Isabel [de Meulan]s daughter bore her mother's name, lived with her after the elder Isabel's marriage, and continued to do so after her step-father's death. For the first two witnesses to the 2nd Earl of Pembroke's charter for Usk are the Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter; and in the charter for Goldcliff Priory the first two witnesses are Isabel the Earl's mother and Isabel the Earl's sister. There is no evidence that she ever married."); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.657. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Alleged but unlikely daughter of King Henry I: i. EMMA OF ENGLAND, married GUY DE LAVAL, seigneur of Laval. Hollister Henry 1(2001): 228 ("Bertrand de Brousillon, La Maison de Laval, 1: 79: 'on pretend meme que l’abbaye de Clermont aurait conserve longtemps une tombe sur laquelle on lisait EMMA ANGLORUM REGIS FILIA DOMINAQUE LAVALLENSIS.' The author dismisses this tradition on the grounds that Robert of Torigny omits 'Emma' from his list of Henry's daughters, but the list is by no means complete. Emma is absent from the list of Henry I's illegitimate daughters in CP, 11, app. D, pp. 112-121.").” 2. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “ROBERT [II], Count of Meulan, son and heir of Waleran (or Galeran) [II], Count of Meulan, Earl of Worcester, seigneur of Beaumont-le-Roger, Brionne, la Croix Saint-Leufroy, Elbeuf, Port-Audemer, etc., by Agnes, daughter of Amaury de Montfort, Count of Evreux. He married about 1165 MAUD OF CORNWALL, daughter of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall (illegitimate son of King Henry I), by Mabel, daughter of William Fitz Richard [see ENGLAND 2.i for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Waleran (or Galeran), Peter [Dean of Wimborne], and Henry, and two daughters, Mabel and Jeanne (wife of Guy IV, seigneur of La Roche Guyon). In 1173 he adhered to the young King Henry in his revolt against Henry II, but was reconciled to the king. Holding lands in both France and Normandy, the conflict between Philip Augustus and the English kings placed him in a difficult position, and eventually brought about his ruin. In 1188 when Philip took Vedôme, he captured 62 knights sent by the Count of Meulan to assist the defence. In 1191 he was excommunicated for taking action against William de Longchamp, Bishop of Ely. In 1202 he confirmed the charter of his sister, Isabel de Mayenne, to the monks of Savigny. In 1202 he revolted against King Philippe Auguste of France, and suffered the confiscation of his county of Meulan in consequence. Conversely, he had incurred King John's malevolentia before 2 April 1203, when the abbot of Saint-Taurin d'Evreux acted as an intermediary to reconcile him with the king of England. In a vain attempt to save his position, he handed over all of his estates 1 May 1204 to his daughter, Mabel, and her husband, William de Vernon, Earl of Devon. John, however, seized his English estates, and Philippe those in France and Normandy. ROBERT, deposed Count of Meulan, was living 14 November 1207; he died 16 August, about 1212. His widow, Maud, was living 25 October 1212; she reportedly died 1220-1. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 75-76. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farns of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301441, Coll. Top. et Gen. 2 (1835): 390. Stapleton Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ 1 (1840): clv-clvi; 2 (1844): ccix ("Robert d’Harcourt is assumed to have married Joanna de Meulan, daughter of Robert Comte de Meulan, but none of the Preuves adduced justify such a conclusion."). Guilmeth Histoire de la Ville et des Environs d'Elbeuf (1842): 393-4	Corbet, Sibyl (I6380)
6049	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY nicknamed “Beauclerc,” King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Cotentin, 4th son, born in 1068 or 1069. He married (1st) 11 Nov. 1100 MAUD OF SCOTLAND, daughter of Malcolm III (CeannMor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for her parentage]. She was born in 1079. They had one son, William, and one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, died at Westminster 1 May 1118. He married (2nd) at Windsor, Berkshire 29 Jan. 1121 ALICE (or AELIZ, ALEIDE, ALEYDA, AELIDIS, ADELIDE, ADELIDIS, ADELAIDIS, ADELIZA, ADELIZE, ATHELICE) OF LOUVAIN, daughter of Gottfried (or Godefroy) I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Louvain, by his 1st wife, Ida, daughter of Otto II, Count of Chiny. She was born about 1103. They had no issue. By various mistresses, he had eight illegitimate sons, Robert [Earl of Gloucester], Richard, Fulk, Reynold [Earl of Cornwall], Robert, Gilbert, William de Tracy, and Henry, and nine illegitimate daughters, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Rotrou II, Count of Perche), Alice, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Conan III, Duke of Brittany), Juliane (wife of Eustache de Pacy, seigneur of Breteuil and Pacy), Mabel (wife of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail), Constance (wife of Roscelin de Beaumont), Aline (wife of Mathieu de Montmorency), Sibyl (wife of Alexander I, King of Scots), and Isabel.* HENRY I, King of England died at Lyons-la-Forêt (near Rouen), Normandy 1 Dec. 1135, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. His widow, Alice, married (2nd) after Dec. 1136 but later than summer 1139 WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, Earl of Lincoln, afterwards 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), hereditary Chief Butler of England, Privy Councillor to King Henry I [see CLIFTON 3]. They had four sons, William [2nd Earl of Arundel or Sussex], Reiner, Henry, and Godfrey, and two daughters, Alice (wife of Jean I, Count of Eu and Alvred de Saint Martin) and Olive. He was a witness to King Stephen's 2nd Charter of Liberties in 1136. He was created Earl of Lincoln c.1138. He gave shelter to Empress Maud at Arundel Castle in 1139, but afterwards adhered to King Stephen. His earldom was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex before Christmas 1141. In his own later charters he is styled Earl of Chichester. About 1145 he witnessed a charter of Henry Hussey as "Consul Willelmo de Cicesterr." His wife, Alice, presented to the prebend of West Dean in 1150. Alice, dowager Queen of England, died as a nun at Affligem Abbey in Brabant 25 (or 26) March 1151, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. He was influential in arranging the treaty of 1153, whereby the Crown continued with King Stephen for life, though the inheritance thereof was secured to Henry II. He subscribed his name to this instrument as "Comes Cicestrie." By grant dated c.1155, King Henry II confirmed to him as "William, Earl of Arundel" the Castle of Arundel, with the whole honour of Arundel and all its appurtenances. He served as Joint Ambassador to France and to the Pope in 1163/4. He served as Chief Ambassador with Princess Maud to Germany in 1168. He was appointed joint Commander of the royal army in Normandy in 1173. In Sept. 1173 he assisted in the defeat near Bury St. Edmunds of the Earl of Leicester. He founded Buckenham Abbey, Norfolk and Pynharn Priory, Sussex. WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), died at Waverley Abbey, Surrey 4 (or 12) October 1176, and was buried at Wymondham Priory, Norfolk. [Footnote *: In 1824 the Scottish historian Chalmers stated that King Henry I of England had an illegitimate daughter, Elizabeth, who married Fergus, lord of Galloway (died 1161). [see Chalmers Caledonia 3 (1824): 250, footnote k ("Fergus [lord of Galloway] ... was a prince of some note, even at the court of Henry I. of England, is certain : as he took to wife, according to the heralds, genealogists, and chroniclers, Elizabeth, the natural daughter of Henry I.")]. Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway), however, debunked Chalmers' statement, noting that the authorities quoted by Chalmers "do not bear out his assertion." Even so, other secondary sources have continued to repeat Chalmers' unfounded claim: See, for example, Mackenzie History of Galloway (1841): 167-172 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England"); Anderson Scottish Nation 2 (1862): 195 ("Fergus, lord of Galloway ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England ..."); M'Kerlie Galloway in Ancient & Modern Times (1891): 155 ("It is necessary to repeat here that Fergus married Elizabeth, the natural daughter of King Henry I. of England."); Maxwell Hist. of Dumfries & Galloway (1896): 47-48 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, natural daughter of Henry I., and sister of Sibilla, who married Alexander I., brother of David."); Ramsay Angevin Empire (1903): 90, footnote 7 ("Gunfrith [i.e., Godred] was son of Olaf, by Afreca, daughter of Fergus of Galloway, by 'Elisabeth,' reputed natural daughter of Henry I."); Oram Lordship of Galloway (2000): 60; Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Barrow Robert Bruce (1965): 36, footnote 2 notes that "Roger Howden calls Uchtred son of Fergus of Galloway a cousin of King Henry II (Gesta Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Ser., i, 80)," a relationship which Professor Barrow states "is best explained on the supposition that Fergus married a bastard daughter of Henry I." However, given that King Henry II of England had a Scottish grandmother, a more likely explanation of the kinship between the Galloway and English royal families is that the wife of Fergus was near related to the Scottish royal family, possibly being a sister of William Fitz Duncan, whose grandfather was Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots [died 1093]. This arrangement would make Uchtred son of Fergus and King Henry II of England related in the 3rd degree of kindred (or second cousins).] D'Achery Spicilegium 10 (1671): 612-613 (Continuatio Chronici Afflegemiensis: "Filia præfati Ducis Aleidis juncta matrimonio Regi Angliæ, post obitum secundi con jugis Afflegemiensis Claustri solitudinem ad reliquum vitæ ad humandum corpus elegit in domo turti Ecclesiæ contigua, cum una aut akera ancilla in Fratrum Afflegemiensiurn quieta taciturna multitudine solitaria habitavit, & beato fine quievit, de qua epitaphium: Aleidis Regina Anglim, filia Ducis Godefridi cum barba, Regnum suscepit in Anglia an MCXXI. obiit 9 Kal. Maii [23 April], sepulta è regione horologii nostri."). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 30 (Kalendar of Obits: "IIII Non. December [2 December]. Obitus Henrici Regis."). Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 32-34. Morice Mémoires pour servir de Preuves à l'Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne 1 (1742): 130 (Extract of Cronicle of Robert, Abbot of Mont Saint Michel: "Anno 1135. Obiit Henricus I. Rex Anglorum in prima die Decembris, cum regnasset annis 35. & 4 mensibus."). Brequigny & Mouchet Table Chronologique des Diplômes, Chartes, Titres ... concernant l’Histoire de France 3 (1783): 236 (charter dated c.1155 of Alice Queen of the English [Adelaidis reginæ Anglorum]). Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: Kal. Maii [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 218 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "IV. Non. Dec. [2 December] Ob Henricus Rex Anglorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Norrnands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXI)). Tierney Hist. & Antiqs. of the Castle & Town of Arundel 1 (1834): 169-179. Michel Histoire des Ducs de Normandie et des Rois D'Angleterre (1840): 69 ("Li rois Henrie, quant la roine Mehaus fu morte, prist à feme Aalis, la fille Godefroi le duc de Louvaing, la cousine Wistasse [Eustace] de Bouloigne; mais n'en ot nul enfant. Si ot-il de bas .vj. Ills et .vij. fines"). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 135-211 (biog. of Matilda of Scotland), 212-256 (biog. of Adelicia of Louvaine). Barrett Memorials of the parochial Church ... in the Parish of Attleborough (1848): 12-41. Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis 2 (1849): 74 (Maud [of Blois], Countess of Chester, styled "niece" to King Henry I of England [neptis regis1). Ordericus Vitalis Ecclesiastical Hist. of England & Normandy 3 (1854): 482 (Roger Fitz Roger and Walter d'Aufay [Aufai] styled "cousins" to King Henry I at Battle of Bremule in 1119 by Ordericus Vitalis). Arch. Journal 20 (1863): 283 ("Adeliza appears to have used the identical matrux of the seal which had belonged to the first queen of Henry I., the name-Aalidis-having been substituted for Matli[Idis), 287-288 (charter of Queen Alice [Aelidis regina] ... There is appended ... a pointed oval seal of white wax .... device, a female figure standing ... The legend is + SIGILLVM • AALIDIS • SECVND[AE • DE]I • GRACIA • REGINAE • ANGLIE.), 288-289 (charter of Queen Alice [A. Dei gracia Regina]); 22 (1865): 152-153 (charter of William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Lincoln; charter names Queen Alice his wife [regina Adelidis]). Sussex Arch. Colls. 15 (1863): 112-113. Luard Annales Monastici 1 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1864): 14 (Margam Annals sub 1151: "Obiit Adelidis, regina secunda Henrici regis."); 3 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1866): 433 (Bermondsey Annals sub A.D. 1121: "Hoc anno rex Henricus primus duxit Adelizam, filiam ducis Lovaniae, in uxorem, tertio nonas Februarii [3 February]."). Burke Gen. Hist, of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited & Extinct Peerages (1866): 2-3 (sub Albini, Earls of Arundel). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. (1867): 21-33 ("In the Register of the Priory of Bromhale, we find the record of his death under the date of the 4th day of October, 22nd of Henry II (A.D. 1176), in the following words, `obiit Willielmus Comes Arundel' (no mention of Sussex or Chichester), et `sepultus est in prioratus de Wymondham.’"). Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptorum 20 (1868): 67 (Orderic Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, Liber X: Roger Fitz Richard [de Clare) styled "kinsman" [cognatus) of King Henry I of England). Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104-108 (discusses evidence that King Henry I had an illegitimate daughter, Maud (or Mathilde)/Almodis, who was Abbess of Montivilliers). Ellis Antiqs. of Heraldry (1869): 206-207 (Aubigny ped.). Lower Compendious Hist. of Sussex 1 (1870): 70 (Robert de Haia, founder of Boxgrove Priory, styled "king's kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry I). Delisle Delisle Chronique de Robert de Tongni 1 (1872): 215 (sub A.D. 1139: "Invitarerat enim eos Willermus de Albinneio, qui duxerat Aeliz quondam reginam, quæ habebat castellum et comitatum Hardundel, quod rex Henricus dederat ei in dote."); 2 (1873): 63-64 ("Cessit etiam in fata Willermus de Albineio, quem vocabant comitem d'Arundel, relinquens filios quatuor, scilicet Guillermum de Albineio pritnogenitum, et alios tres natos ex Aeliza regina, uxore primi Henrici regis Anglorum."). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1874): 298 (sub 1176: "comes etiam Willelmus de Arundel obiit quarto idus Octobris [12 October] apud Waverle, et sepultus eat apud Wimundham, cellam scilicet ecclesiæ Sancti Albani, cujus cellæ patronus fuisse dinoscitur."). Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Obiit autem Matildis regina Anglia anno regni sui xviiio, kalendis Maii [1 May], et apud Radingas sepulta est."). Merlet Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cviii (arms of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy dated 1115: D'argent au cavalier d'azur). D.N.B. 1 (1885): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1(1886): 66 (sub Arundel). Raine Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1886): 169 (History of the Four Archbishops by Hugh the Chantor - King Henry I and Pope Calixtus II were kinsmen: "Nam præter spiritualem patris et filii relationem, carnali consanguinitate propinqui erant, quorum avus et avia frater et soror fuerunt." (Note: Pope Calixtus II was a younger son of William I, Count of Burgundy, whose mother Alice was daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 5-8 (seal of King Henry I - Obverse. King, seated in majesty, in an undercoat with sleeves tight at wrists, and loose skirts reaching below knees; and long flowing cloak fastened at throat and spreading out behind, which has a border, with indications of a fur of symmetrical pattern. On the head a cap-shaped crown, with three fleurs-de-lis, one at top and one at either side, and two chin-straps hanging loosely at sides, the ends having buckles in shape of trefoils. In right hand, extended outwards from elbow, a sword is held almost perpendicularly. In left hand, similarly extended, an orb, ensigned with a long cross pattee pommettee. Throne, apparently square, and closely resembling that of William II.; the centre curves with a bold cusp inwards, with a string-course, and is the narrowest part. In lower of two compartments thus made, is a footboard, not enough remaining to show original size. On throne a flat cushion with square edge, carrying at each end a hemispherical ornament, intended for pillow. Reverse. King, hauberk of chain-mail; conical helmet, having a blunt point at crown of head, and perhaps armed with projecting nose-piece; single pointed spur of goad form; long lance to which is attached a banner, charged with cross moline, and three pairs of waving streamers. No indication of sword. In left hand, held by interior strap, a kite-shaped shield, seen from within. The horse is walking to the right hand, caparisoned with breast-band, which is ornamented by five globular pendants equi-distant. Saddle of small dimensions; with stirrups. The loosely gathered reins are held up in left hand, which also sustains shield. Legend: + HENRIC' D... ... ...). Round "An Unknown Mistress of Henry I." in Eng. Hist. Rev. 5 (1890): 745-746. Luard Flores Historiarum 2 ((Rolls Ser.) 1890): 69 ("Anno gratix MCLIo [1151]. Obiit Adelicia regina, uxor regis Stephani;" the editor notes that the name "Stephani" is erased in Ch. and altered to "Henrici I."). Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (Docs. sur la Province du Perche 3rd Ser. 2) (1894): 40-43. Recueil des Historiens des Castles et de la France 23 (1894): 471 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: "25 Mart. Obiit Adelicia regina."), 476 (Ex Necrologio Monasterii Crucis Sancti Leufredi: "25 Mart. [Obiit] Adeliza, regina Anglorum."), 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Mali. [Obiit] Matildis, regina Anglorum."), 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "12 Oct. [Obiit] Guillelmus, comes de Arundel."), 581 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Dec. [Obiit] Henricus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum."). Napier & Stevenson Crawford Coll. of early Charters & Docs. now in the Bodleian library (1895): 31 (William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Chichester dated c.1150; charter names his wife, Queen Alice [regina Adelide]). Bradshaw Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral Pt. 2 (1897): (obits. in the odd volume of the great Latin Bible), ccxxxviii (2 May - "Matildis regina uxor Henrici regis."), ccxlii (2 Dec. - "Henricus, pacificus rex Anglorum."). Trans. East Herts Arch. Soc. 1(1) (1901): 129-135 (charter of Queen Alice widow of King Henry I dated 1136 [Adelidis regina uxor nobillisimi regis Henrici & filia Godefridi ducis lotharingie]. C.C.R. 1227-1231 (1902): 530 (confirmation of gift of Alice, formerly Queen of England). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 316 (Abbaye de Saint-Denis: "kal. Maius [1 May] Ob. Matildis, Anglorum regina [1118]."), 523 (Prieure de Longpont: "kaL maii. [1 May] [obit.] Maltidis, Anglorum regina [1118]."). Warner & Ellis Facsimiles of Royal & Other Charters in the British Museum 1 (1903): #14 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Lincoln dated c.1139-40; charter names his wife, Queen Adeleidis), #27 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Chichester dated 1151-2; charter names his wife, Queen Athelice). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 1-2 (sub Kings of Scotland). Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 25-34. Eng. Hist. Rev. 21(1906): 505-509. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 2 (1906): 241 (Obituaire of Prieure de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan: "Henricus, rex Anglorum, frater noster, III nonas decembris [3 Dec.] [1135]."), 661 (Nécrologe of Abbaye de Saint-Jean-en-Vallée: 12 Dec.] IIII non. Obiit Henricus, Anglorum rex [1135], ecclesiarum amator praecipuus."). Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway) ("[Fergus, lord of Galloway] is said to have married Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of King Henry I. of England, but the authorities quoted by Chalmers, who makes the statement, do not bear out his assertion."). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Urseau Cartulaire Moir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (1908): 167-168 (charter of King Henry I dated c.1111=20). Gomme Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1909): 217 (sub A.D. 1100: Maud of Scotland, 1st wife of King Henry I, styled "kinswoman to king Edward [the Confessor] and of the true royal race of England."), 239-240 (sub A.D. 1127: Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone], Abbot of Saint-Jean of Angély (in Poitou), afterwards Abbot of Peterborough styled "kinsman" [mæi] of [Henry I] King of England and [Guillaume] Count of Poitou) [see also Earle and Plummer Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel 1 (1892): 257; English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-5601. CP. 1 (1910): 233-235, 237 (chart) (sub Arundel); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Round King's Serjeants & Officers of State (1911): 140-165. English Hist. Rev. 34 (1919): 303-382. Farrer Outline Itinerary of King Henry 1 (1920). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) XI 112. Rübel-Blass (1939) 257 (biographical information). G.H. White "Henry I's Illegitimate Children," in C.P. 11 (1949), Appendix D, 105-121. Leys Sandford Cartulary 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 22) (1941): 216. Johnson et al. Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066-1154 2 (1956): 148 (John [son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent], a royal chaplain, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of King Henry I of England in charter dated 1117-19). C.R.R. 12 (1957): 157-158 (Sibyl de Falaise, wife of Baldwin de Bolers, styled "kinswoman" [nepte] of King Henry I of England). Stenton First Century of English Feudalism, 1066-1166 (1961). Davis King Stephen (1967): 137 ("[King] Stephen recognized three successive earls of Lincoln ... The first was William d'Aubigny pincerna who married Queen Adeliza, widow of King Henry I, and in her right became lord of the honour and castle of Arundel. He styles himself William Earl of Lincoln in three charters in which his identity is proved by references to his wife. They are in favour of Lewes Priory and the abbeys of Reading and Affligem-and in the case of Affligem there is also a charter of Adeliza referring to her husband as earl of Lincoln (Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville 3245; Warner and Ellis, Facsimiles, no. 14; E. de Marneffe, Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Affligem in Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclesiastique de la Belgique, 2o section, pp. 104,106). In royal charters it is usually impossible to distinguish him from his successor, William de Roumare, since the normal style of both was Willelmus comes de Lincolnia, or (before he was an earl) from his father, William d'Aubignypincerna, who died before June 1139 (Reg. iii. 973). If Robert de Torigny is right (Chronicles iv. 137) William had married Adeliza by September 1139, and it is tempting to assume that it was on his marriage that he was made earl of Lincoln, his connection with that county being that his mother, Maud Bigod, was a grand-daughter, and possible co-heiress, of Robert de Tosny of Belvoir. We do not know precisely when he was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex, but it was certainly by Christmas 1141 when he attested a charter as Comite Willelmo de Sudsexa (Reg. iii. 276)."). Chibnall Ecclesiastical Hist. of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80): 317 (Vol. VI, Book XII - Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone] styled "kinsman" [cognato] of King Henry I of England) [see English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-560]. Albion 10 (1978): 330-340. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 95 (sub Hainault, Brabant); 2 (1984): 81 (sub England); 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Chibnall Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166 (1986). Green Government of England under Henry 1(1986). Hollister Monarchy, Magnates, & Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World (1986). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 1 (Camden Soc. 4th Ser. 31) (1986): 301, 369, 476. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.1.423, XII.371, X11.644-X11.645, XIII.207. Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 136 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "7 Kal. [Apr.] [26 March]. Obiit Atheliza regina."), 130 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit Rex Anglorum Henricus primus."), 146 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit rex Anglorum Henricus i."). Haskins Soc. Jour. 7 (1995): 101-116. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35, 57. Scottish Hirt. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I Pt 2 (List and Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 143 (confirmation c. 1172/81 of grant made by Queen Adela) (original published in Jour. of British Architetural Assoc. 17: 312). Scottish Hist. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Harper-Bill Anglo-Norman Studies XXI (1999): 145-168. Bartlett England under the Norman & Angevin Kings 1075-1225 (2000). Hollister Henry 1(2001). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.), 313 (Scotland ped.). Weller Die Heiratspolitik des deutschen Hochadels im 12. Jahrhundert (2004): 464-4.76 (biog. of Königin Adelheid von England) ("On page 476, Weller states: "Seine Gattin Adelheid von Lowen, die ehemalige Konigin von England, war schon 1151 wahrend des Bürgerkrieges verschieden und wurde in Reading beigesetzt ... Der Begräbnisort Kgn. Adelheids geht aus einem Schreiben Jocelins v. Löwen an Bf. Hilarius v. Chichester eindeutig hervor, vgl. Reading Abbey Cartularies 1, No. 551, 416E; s.a. Bartlett, England 596. Nicht stichhaltig ist demgegeniiber die van Sanderus, Chorographia 1, 45, verbreitete Nachricht, wonach Adelheid vor ihrem Tod in ihre Heimat übergesiedelt und im Kloster Afflighem gestoren and begraben sei; heirnach auch John Horace Round in dem Art.: Adeliza of Louvain, in DNB 1(1885): 137f.; Complete Peerage 1, 235. Allerdings ist Kgn. Adelheid als Wohltäterin von Afflighem aufgetreten unde hat dem Kloster einigen Besitz in England gestiftet; vgl. Cart. Afflighem, No. 79, 121-124 (hier 122)."). Verbeke Medieval Narrative Sources (2005): 21-36. Fleming Henry I & the Anglo-Norman World: Studies in Memory of C. Warren Hollister (2006). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006). Children of King Henry I of England, by Maud of Scotland: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, son and heir apparent, born in 1103. As his father's destined successor, he received the homage of the Normans barons in 1115, and that of the English witan in 1116. He married at Lisieux in May 1119 MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ANJOU, daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou. He was with his father at the Battle of Bremule in 1119. Early in 1120 King Louis of France invested him with the duchy of Normandy. He was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 160 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1120: "Willelmus filius Henrici Regis, & Ricardus frater ejus & Ricardus Comes de Cestria cum multis Nobilibus naufragio perierunt.”). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. D.N.B. 21(1909): 337 (biog. of William, son of Henry I, King of England). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 81 (sub England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.644. Caenegem English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I 1 (Selden Soc. 106) (1990): 180-181, 192-193, 213-214. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.). ii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, married (1st) HEINRICH V, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor; (2nd) GEOFFREY V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy [see next]. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by an unknown mistress, (possibly a member of the Bohun family): i. ROBERT FITZ ROY, Earl of Gloucester, married MABEL FITZ ROBERT [see GLOUCESTER 3]. Illegitimate sons of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Ansfride, widow of Anskill, a knight who was a tenant of Abingdon Abbey: i. RICHARD FITZ ROY, born before 1101. He served against the French in 1119, and was captured at Les Andelys. He was set free with his comrades by King Louis, because they had taken sanctuary in the church of Notre Dame du Grand Andely. Later the same year he was with his father at the Siege of Evreux and the Battle of Brémule. In Sept. 1119 he was sent to raise the Siege at Bréteuil. He was betrothed to Amice de Gael, daughter of Raoul, seigneur of Gael in Brittany and Bréteuil in Normandy. He was drowned immediately afterwards in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Amice subsequently married Robert of Meulan, 1st Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 6]. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Alium quoque habuit filium Ricardum, et cessavit parere... Navis enim infausta qun regis gestabat filios Willelrnum et Ricardum, submersa est, periitque in scopulis Barbefluvii."). C.P. 7 (1929): 527-530 (sub Leicester); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.646. Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni 2 (1992): 248-249 (Robert de Torigny: "Ricardus autem, huius comitis uno de patre frater, cum fratre suo Willelmo in sepedicto naufiagio periit."). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. FULK FITZ ROY. Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(II.647. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Sibyl Corbet: i. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall, Sheriff of Devon, 1173-5. He married in 1140 MABEL FITZ WILLIAM, daughter of William Fitz Richard, of Cornwall. They had one son, Nicholas, and four daughters, Denise (wife of Richard de Redvers, Earl of Devon), Maud, Sarah (wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges), and Emme (wife of Guy V de Laval, seigneur of Laval). By a mistress, Beatrice de Valle (or Vaux) (afterwards wife of William Briwerre, Knt.), he had an illegitimate son, Henry Fitz Count. By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, William. He was granted the lands of William, Earl of Mortain, amounting to 215-1/2 fees in Devon and Cornwall. He was created Earl of Cornwall about April 1141. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, were recognized by contemporaries as "the most powerful men in the kingdom." His wife, Mabel, fell into insanity in the 1140s. He witnessed a charter of Henry d'Oilly in the period, 1114-47. In 1153 he witnessed the agreement between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy [afterwards King Henry II]. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, acted as intermediary between the king and Thomas Becket at Northampton in 1164. He played a major part in opposing the rebels of 1173-4 in England. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall died 1 July 1175, allegedly at Chertsey, Surrey, and was buried at Reading, Berkshire. Dugdale Baronage (1675): 702 (sub Briwere) ("[William Briwere] having married Beatrix de Valle, a Concubine, as 'tis said, to Reginald Earl of Cornwall (which is probable, for in a Grant made by Henry Son to the same Reginald [Earl of Cornwall], unto this William [Briwere], of the Mannor of Karswell, and Land of Hakford, he calls him his Brother")) [Note: Dugdale evidently intended to say that Henry Fitz Count's brother was William Briwere the younger, as it was William Briwere the elder was the husband of his mother, Beatrice de Valle]. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 6, 98 (undated charter of Reynold son of King Henry to William de Botreaux son of Alice Corbet his aunt [matertera]; charter witnessed by his son, Nicholas; his nephews/kinsmen [nepotibus], Ralph and Richard, and his brother, William), 112. Topographer 2 (1790): 288-291. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 2 (1836 11): 239-240 (Bruere or Briwere ped.). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 163 ("Deditque ibidem Hereberto filio Hereberti, et Willelmo fratri comitis Reginaldi, et Joelllano de la Pumerai, nepoti eorum, regnum be Limeric pro servitio sexaginta militum"), 172 ("Nam Herbertus, et Willelmus, fratres Reginaldi comitis Cornubiae, et Joellanus de Purnetia nepos eorum, regnum illud havere noluerunt; sed illud reddiderunt domino regi et Johanni filio suo liberum et quietum ab omni calurnnia eorum"). Le Fizelier Mémoire chronologique de Maucourt de Bourjolly sur la Ville de Laval 1 (1886): 136-142. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-253 (William brother of Earl Reynold [Willelmus frater Comitis Reginaldi] held 1/2 knight's fee of Robert Fitz Roy in 1166), 261-262 (William brother of the Earl [Willelmus frater Comitis] held four knight's fees Reynold, Earl of Cornwall in 1166). Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 455-456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 34. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 75. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Colls. Hist. Staffs. 1924 (1926): 9, 219. English Hist. Rev. 62 (1947): 352-377 (charter of William de Marsh brother of Reynold Earl of Cornwall [Willelmus de Marisco frater Reginaldi comitis Cornubie]). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II], later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Minor & Butler eds. Letters of John of Salisbury 1 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1955): 162-163. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987): 9-10 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1154-65), 10-11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1146-55), 11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 195-196 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1165-75, witnessed by his son, Nicholas), 196-197 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 197-198 (two confirmation charters of King Henry II of England naming his "uncle" [avunculus] Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, one dated c.1174-5, the other dated c.1174-6). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(11.651, X111.996-1000. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Hollister Henry 1(2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart).Cornwall Rec. Office: Borough of Truro, BTRU/1 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1161-66) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, by Mabel Fitz William: a. MAUD OF CORNWALL, married ROBERT II, Count of Meulan [see VERMANDOIS 7]. Illegitimate child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, allegedly by Beatrice de Valle: a. HENRY FITZ COUNT, of Liskeard, Cornwall and King's Kerswell, Devon, Constable of Totnes Castle, 1209, Governor of Portchester Castle, 1211, Sheriff of Cornwall, 1215, 1217-20, Constable of Launceston Castle and Warden of the Stanneries, 1215. In 1194 he was granted the manors of Liskeard, Cornwall and Diptford and King's Kerswell, Devon by the king. In 1196 he witnessed the Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by his alleged step-father, Sir William Briwerre. In 1215 he had a grant of the county of Cornwall from King John, to farm until the realm should be at peace. The grant was renewed by King Henry III 7 Feb. 1216/7. He resigned the county to the king in 1220, when he took the cross. HENRY FITZ COUNT died a crusader in 1222. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Hunter Catalogue of the MSS in the library of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn (1838): 13. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(2) (1846): 924 (Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by William Briwer). Oliver Monasticon Dioecesis Exoniensis (1846): 174 (charter of Henry son of Reynold Earl of Cornwall; charter granted for the souls of his brothers and his mother), 179, 183. Trans. Exeter Diocesan Architectural & Arch. Soc. 2nd Ser. 1 (1867): 133-134. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 31(1870): 5. Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 21. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 9 (1902): 295-296 ("But Reginald de Dunstanville [i.e., Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall] had also by Beatrix de Valle (who afterwards became the wife of William Brewer, the judge of Henry II. and one of the regents of Richard I.) an illegitimate son named Henry FitzCount (sometimes FitzHenry), who became in after years also Earl of Cornwall."). Genealogist n.s. 20 (1904): 10-11. C.P. 3 (1913): 430 (sub Cornwall). Painter Reign of King John (1949): 231, 290, 348, 358-359. Hobbs Cartulary of Forde Abbey (Somerset Rec. Soc. 85) (1998): 116 (charter of Henry Fitz Count dated 1200-22; charter witnessed by William Brewer). North Devon Rec. Office: Chichester of Arlington, 50/11/29/3 (confirmation of a gift of land dated early 13th Cent. from Henry son of Earl Reginald to William de Tracy of all his land of Wollecombe [in Mortehoe] and Boklande, Devon, which William and his ancestors held of Henry and his ancestors, lords of Bradneys, as the charter of Hugh Ruffus testifies. To have and to hold to the aforesaid William, his heirs and assigns, of Henry and his heirs for ever, rendering all due and customary services. Seal of Henry son of Earl Reginald - Round, natural wax, armorial, surrounded by legend giving name of owner, chipped. The arms on shield resemble those of Courtenay family, but the Courtenays did not become Earls till 14th Cent.) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Henry III Fine Rolls Project (Baldekin styled "kinsman" of H[enry] Fitz Count in a fine roll item dated 1220; by whom he was earlier granted lands in Cornwall formerly held by Robert de Tintagel) (available at www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_015.html). Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith, daughter of Forne son of Sigulf, lord of Greystoke, Cumberland. Edith subsequently married ROBERT D'OILLY, of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, Constable of Oxford Castle. They had two sons, Henry and Gilbert. He and his wife, Edith, founded Oseney Priory near Oxford in 1129. Robert d'Oilly died in Sept. 1142. Sometime in the period, c.1145-56, his widow, Edith, granted a toft in Huggate and 68-1/2 acres in the fields there to the poor of the Hospital of St. Peter, York. Leys Sandford Cartulary 1 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 19) (1938): 50 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith), 92 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated before June 1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith, and his son, Henry). Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 505-508, 510 (charter of Edith wife of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1145-56), 510-511 (charter of Henry d'Oilly dated c.1145-56; charter witnessed by his wife, Maud), 518-519. Hedley Northumberland Fares. (1968): 233. i. ROBERT FITZ ROY. He held land in Devonshire in 1130. He witnessed a charter of his step-father, Robert d'Oilly, in the period, ?1130-35. He supported his half-sister, Empress Maud, in the Civil War. In the period, 1144-7, he witnessed a charter of his half-brother, Henry d'Oilly. In 1146-7 he witnessed a charter of Empress Maud and her son, Henry. About 1150 he granted 10 pounds of land in his manor of Wantage, Berkshire to the church of Oseney, with the counsel of Henry d'Oilly his half-brother. Sometime in the period, 1153-67, he witnessed a charter of Wigan of Wallingford. He married before 1162 MAUD D'AVRANCHES, widow of William de Courcy (or ?Geoffrey de Crimes?), and daughter of Robert d'Avranches, by ___, daughter of Gelduin de Dol. They had one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, was heiress of Richard Fitz Baldwin. In 1162 he granted St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter two ferlings of land in his manor of Calvalegie juxta Cobbalegiam, together with a man named Edwium son of Wranhi; charter was granted with with the consent of his wife, Maud d'Avranches. ROBERT FITZ ROY died 31 May 1172. His widow, Maud, died 21 Sept. 1173. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farms of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Coll. Top. et Gen. 1 (1834): 188 ("C. Rob[er]ti filii Henrici Regis per concessionem Mathildis, filiz Roberti de Avrenchis et heredis Ricardi filii Baldewini, dans totam vincam quam Rob'tus fil. Baldewini et Ricardus fester ejus Eccl. S.N. dederunt."), 382 (charter dated 1162 of Robert son of King Henry, granted with consent of Maud d'Avranches his wife [Robertus filius Regis Henrici, assensu Matillidis de Abrinco uxoris meae to St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter). Dugdale Monasticon Anglican = 5 (1846): 377-382 (Ford Abbey, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia: "Obijt denique vir ejus secundus, dominus Robertus filius regis Henrici anno Domini M.clxxii. pridie calendas Junii [31 May], et post ipsum vicecomitissa Matildis, itaque de Aubrincis ut prius nuncupata, undecimo calendas Octobris [21 Sept.] anno Domini M.clxxiii. et regni regis Henrici secundi 19."); 6(1) (1830): 253 (charter of Robert son of King Henry [Robertus Henrici regis filius]; charter names his [half-]brother [fratris], Henry d'Oilly). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Priory of Hexham 1 (Surtees Soc. 64) (1864): 138 (Chronicle of John, Prior of Hexham: "Emissi sunt autem ducenti milites cum Rodberto, filio Edae et Henrici Regis notho, et Johanne Marascaldo ...."). Freeman Reign of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 723. Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): 374 (charter of Robert son of King Henry dated c.1150). Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 3 (1881): 1-3. Maitland Bracton's Note Book 2 (1887): 137-138 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that he was the son of Hawise, the first born daughter of Maud d'Avranches; Hawise's sister, Maud de Courtenay, who was the plaintiff in the lawsuit, in turn testified that the said Hawise was the daughter of Geoffrey de Crimes (or Crunes, Cruues), the 1st husband of Maud d'Avranches), 404-405; 3 (1887): 450-452 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that his mother, Hawise, was the daughter of William de Curcy, husband of Maud d'Avranches). Notes & Gleanings 2 (1889): 50-56. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-254 (list of knights fees held by Robert Fitz Roy in 1166). Note-book of Tristram Risdon (1897): 53-56. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 73, 75, 101-102. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Seversmith Colonial Fams. of Long Island New York & Connecticut 5 (1958): 2426-2428. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.650, XIII.995. Reedy Basset Charters c.1120 to 1250 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 50) (1995): 25-26 (charter dated 1146-7 of Empress Maud daughter of King Henry I and her son, Henry; charter witnessed by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and Robert Fitz Roy). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Fizzard Plympton Priory (2008): 62, footnote 26. Child of Robert Fitz Roy, by Maud d'Avranches: a. MAUD FITZ ROBERT, married REYNOLD DE COURTENAY, of Sutton, Berkshire [see COURTENAY 1]. ii. ALICE FITZ ROY. In the period, ?1130-35, she witnessed a charter of her step-father, Robert d'Oilly, and her mother, Edith. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 72-73 (Alice daughter of the king [Adeliza Lila Reg.] witness to charter of Robert d'Oilly, his wife, and son dated ?1130-35). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Nest, wife of Gerald of Windsor, Constable of Pembroke, and daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwt, Prince of South Wales: i. HENRY FITZ ROY, of Pembrokeshire. He was killed during King Henry II's invasion at Anglesea in 1157 or 1158. He married ___. They had two sons, Meiler Fitz Henry [Justiciar of Ireland] and Robert, and presumably one daughter, Amabilis Fitz Henry (wife of Walter de Ridelisford). Williams ab Ithel Annales Cambriaes (Rolls Ser.) (1860): 47 (sub A.D. 1158: "Henricus filius Geraldi occisus est, velut alii volunt, filius Henrici regis ..."). Dimock Geraldus Cambrensis: Itinerarium Kambrice, et Descriptio Kambriæ (Geraldus Cambrensis Opera 6) (Rolls Ser.) (1868): 130 (Date: A.D. 1157: "Fuerant autem duo nobiles viti, et ejus qui scripsit haec avunculi, cum aliis hue a rege transmissi: Henricus scilicet regis Henrici primi filius, et secundi avunculus, ex nobili Nesta, Resi filii Theodori filia, in australi Kambria Demetiae finibus oriundus; et Robertus Stephani filius, Henrici frater non germanus sed uterinus."), 130, footnote 2 ("The death of Henry, her [Nest's] son by [King] H[enryl I., in this attack on Anglesea, is placed by Brut under 1156, in Ann. Camb. under 1158. By the former he is called Henry son of King Henry; by the latter, Henry son of Girald, or, according to others, son of king Henry. He was the father of the famous Meiler, the great hero of the Irish invasion."). Gilbert Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin 1 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 30-31 (charter of Walter de Ridelisford to St. Mary's Abbey; charter granted with consent of his wife, Amabilis Fitz Henry and witnessed by Meiler Fitz Henry). Orpen Ireland under the Normans 1 (1911): 18 (ped. chart). Jour. Royal Soc. of Antiqs. Ireland 82 (1952): 46-61. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.656. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 298-299 (biog. of Meiler Fitzhenry). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith: i. MAUD (or MATHILDE, MAHAUT) OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 (as his 1st wife) ROTROU II “the Great,” Count of Perche, seigneur of Belleme, son and heir of Geoffroi, Count of Mortagne and Perche, by Beatrix, daughter of Count Hilduin, Count of Montdidier and Roucy. He was born about 1080. Her maritagium likely included the manors of Aldboume and Wanborough, Wiltshire. They had two daughters, Philippe and Felicie. During the 1st Crusade, he fought at the Siege of Nicaea in mid-1097. He commanded a division that broke out of Antioch in June 1098. He crusaded against the Muslims in Spain probably in 1108. In 1114 he aided his father-in-law, King Henry I, at the Siege of Belleme. At the request of his wife, Maud, a hide of land at Wanborough, Wiltshire was given to Lewes Priory. His wife, Maud, was drowned in the shipwreck of the White Ship 25 Dec. 1120. He was Governor of Tudela in Aragon and participated in campaigns in Aragon from 1123 until the mid-1130s. He returned to Perche by 1135. He married (2nd) before 1126 HAWISE OF SALISBURY, daughter of Walter of Salisbury (also known as Walter Fitz Edward), of Chitterne, Wiltshire, Great Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, North Aston, Oxfordshire, etc., hereditary Sheriff of Wiltshire, Constable of Salisbury Castle, by Sibyl, daughter of Patrick de Chaources (or Sourches) [see LONGESPEE 2 for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Geoffroi, Rotrou (III) [Count of Perche], and Etienne [Archbishop-elect of Palermo]. After King Henry I's death in 1135, he and his nephew, Richer de l'Aigle, extorted the castles of Moulins and Bonmoulins as the price for their support for King Stephen. In 1139 he was taken in the English king's pay and defeated the unruly knights of Breteuil. ROTROU II, Count of Perche, died 6 May 1144 at the Siege of the Towe of Rouen, he then being in the service of Empress Maud and her husband, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. His widow, Hawise, married (2nd) (as his 1st wife) ROBERT I, Count of Dreux and Braille [see DREUX 6], and, in right of his 1st wife, Count of Perche, seigneur of Bellème, younger son of Louis VI, King of France, by Alix, daughter of Humbert II, Count of Savoy and Maurienne [see FRANCE 5 for his ancestry]. They had one daughter, Alix (wife successively of Waleran III, seigneur of Breteuil, Guy II, seigneur of Châtillon-sur-Marne, Jean I, seigneur of Torote, Châtellain de Noyon, and Raoul I de Nesle, Count of Soissons). His wife, Hawise, died in 1152. Robert I, Count of Dreux and Braine, died 11 October 1188. Duchesne Histoire Généalogique de la Maison Royale de Dreux (1631): 13-42. Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 74-75 (sub Capetians), 423-425 (sub Comtes de Dreux). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Des Murs Hist. des Comtes du Perche de la Fam. des Rotrou (1856). Herald & Genealogist 3 (1866): 173-176. Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 255 (Genealogiæ Fusniacensis: "Rotaldus comes, prefati comitis filius, duxit filiam regis Anglie, de qua filiam procreavit. "). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 3940 (charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche, dated c.1119; charter witnessed by his sister [soror], Juliane, and her son, Richer), 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe). Money Hist. of the Ancient Town & Borough of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Boulais Receuil des Antiquitéz du Perche (1890). Romanet de Beaune Géographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (1894): 33-35. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 419 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "6 [Obiit] Rotrodos comes."). Lalizel Abbaye Royal d'Arcisses (Archives du Diocèse de Chartres 10) (1900): 3-10 (charters of Rotrou, Count of Perche). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. VCH Wiltshire 9 (1970): 174-186; 12 (1983): 67-86. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Traditio 41(1985): 145-179. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.649. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France (2002). Hollister Henry I (2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Power Norman Frontier in the Twelfth & Early Thirteenth Centuries (2004): 360-361. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Geoffrey Grossus Life of Blessed Bernard of Tiron (2009): 71, footnote 1. Child of Maud (or Mathilde) of England, by Rotrou II of Perche: a. PHILIPPE OF PERCHE, married HELIE OF ANJOU, Count of Maine, younger son of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine. They had one daughter, Beatrix (wife of Jean I, Count of Alençon). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe [assensu generis mei Helie filieque mee Romanet de Beaune Geographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30-31 ("... Helias vero ...comes Cenomannonun factus est, et xx annis adepto consulatu strenue potitis est. Heres quoque soceri sin Gervasii de Castro Lidi factus est, eujus filiam habuit, ex qua filiam nomine Eremburgem genuit, quam domino suo Fulconi, Andegavorum comiti, in matromonium copulavit … Uxor ejus ei filiam, Eremburgem nomine, peperit, quae, nubilibus annis, Fulconi, Andegavorum tunc comiti, nunc Ierosolymorum regi, nupsit et generosam sobolem genuit: Joffredum et Heliam, Mathildem et Sibyllam, quae filiis regum solemniter nupserunt"). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by various mistresses: i. GILBERT FITZ ROY. He was still young and unmarried in 1142. Nothing more is known of him. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 281 286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.660. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. WILLIAM DE TRACY. He died soon after his father. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121 (author states in error that William de Tracy had a daughter and heiress, Grace, wife of John de Sudeley, of Sudeley Castle and Toddington, Gloucestershire). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.659. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). iii. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ENGLAND, married CONAN III, Duke of Brittany [see BRITTANY 3]. iv. JULIANE OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 EUSTACHE DE PACY (or DE BRETEUIL), seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, illegitimate son of Guillaume, seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, by an unknown mistress. They had two sons, Guillaume and Roger, and two daughters. In 1119 he took part in the rebellion against King Henry I, who besieged his wife, Juliane, at Breteuil. She fled to Pacy, and in the autumn of 1119 Eustache and Juliane were pardoned by the king. A few years later she became a nun at Fontevrault. EUSTACHE DE PACY died at the beginning of Lent 1136, Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Depoin Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Saint-Martin de Pontoise (1895): 470-476 (Famille d'Ivry). C.P. 8 (1932): 209-210 (sub Lovel); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X11.648. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 304 (Fitz Osbem ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Norrnandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). v. MABEL OF ENGLAND, married before c.1125 GUILLAUME GOUET (or GORT), seigneur of Montmirail and Alluyes, son and heir of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail, Alluyes, Authon, la Bazoche-Gouet, Brou, and Château-du-Loir, by his wife, Eustachie Crespon. They had one son, Guillaume [seigneur of Montmirail]. He joined his parents and his brothers, Robert and Matthew, in the foundation of the Priory of St. Giles des Chateigniers as a cell of Tiron. In 1114, as William Gouet junior, he was one of the nobles of Thibaut, Count of Chartres, whom the count called to advise him. In 1116, with his father and mother, he gave judgment in a dispute between the abbey of Marmoutier and Gaston de Brou. As "Guillaume Goët le jeune," he witnessed a charter of Guillaume de Mesmerand to the leproserie of Chateaudun c.1120. He succeeded his father before c.1125. He made an agreement c.1125 with the Prior of Saint-Denis de Nogent regarding the churches of Ceton and Saint-Ulphace. He likewise gave c.1125 to the monks of Saint-Denis the church of Unverre that Gaston de Brou gave them and that his mother Eustachie unjustly retained; for which gift he received 10 livres and his wife, Mabel, 100 sous. About 1127 he witnessed a charter of Ives de Courville, by which he quitclaimed his land in Courville to Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. In 1136 he granted various privileges to Tiron Abbey. In 1140 he confirmed the gift of Bois-Ruffin made by Ursion de Meslay. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Guérard Cartulaire de Saint Père de Chartres 2 (1840): 471-476, 483-486, 494-495. Lépinois Histoire de Chartres 1 (1854): /41. Etudes sur le Maine, Noblesse du Maine aux Crusades (1859): 49-50. Charles & Elbenne Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans (1886-1913): Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbve de la Sainte-Trinité di Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cix (arms of Guillaume Goet dated 1139: Mi-parti au 1er d'argent à deux chevrons de sable; au 2e trois chevrons brisés d'or), 24-27, 78-79, 104-106. Merlet Inventaire-sommaire des Archives départementales anterieures (11790: Eure-et-Loir, Archives Ecclésiastiques, Serie H 8 (1897): 161. Souancé & Métais Saint-Denis de Nogent-le-Rotrou 1031-1789: Histoire et Cartulaire (1899): LVII-LIX, 103-104 (charter of Guillaume Gouet junior son of Guillaume Gouet dated c.1125), 104-106 (charter dated c.1125 naming Guillaume [Gouet] junior, son of Eustachie wife of [Guillaume] Gouet, and his wife, Mabel), 164-166. Bulls. de la Societé Dunoise Archeologie, Histoire, Sciences & Arts 10 (1904): 171-188. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.663, XIII.1014. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Child of Mabel of England, by Guillaume Gouet: a. GUILLAUME GOUET, seigneur of Montmirail, married ISABELLE (or ELIZABETH) OF BLOIS, Duchess of Apulia [see DONZY 4]. vi. CONSTANCE OF ENGLAND, married ROSCELIN DE BEAUMONT, Vicomte of Beaumont-en-Maine [see BEAUMONT 3]. vii. ALINE OF ENGLAND, married MATHIEU DE MONTMORENCY, seigneur of Montmorency [see LEICESTER 3 {sic: MONTMORENCY 3}]. v. SIBYL OF ENGLAND, married ALEXANDER I, King of Scots [see SCOTLAND 1.v], younger son of Malcolm III (Ceannmor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for his parentage]. He was born about 1077. They had no issue. By an unknown mistress, he had an illegitimate son, Malcolm. He became King of Scotland in 1107 on the death of his elder brother, Edgar, King of Scots. He and his wife, Sibyl, founded the monastery of Scone in Perthshire in 1113-14. He was also a benefactor to Durham and Dunfermline. He invaded Wales in summer 1114, in cooperation with King Henry I of England. His wife, Sibyl, died suddenly at Loch Tay 12 July 1122. ALEXANDER I, King of Scots, died at Stirling 23 April 1124, and was buried before the great altar at Dunfermline, Fife near his father. Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: “VII. Kal. Mali [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "VI. Id. Jul. [10 July] Ob. Sibilla Regina Scottorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Turnbull Extracta E Variis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 68 (Extracts ex Cronicis Scocie sub A.D. 1122: "Sibilla, illustris regine Scocie, uxor regis Alexandri, filia Henrici Beuclerk regis Anglie, apud Lochtay cellam canonicorum de Scona obiit anno Domini Moc.xxij"). Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis 2 (1849): 78 (sub A.D. 1123: "Alexander rex Scottorum, VII. kal. Maii [25 April], obiit."). Liber Ecclesie de Scone (1863): 1-3 (charter of Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl; charter witnessed by his nephew [nepos], Alexander, and by William, brother of the queen [frater regine]). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 3 (sub Kings of Scotland). Lawrie Early Scottish Charters prior to A.D. 1153 (1905): 28-30 (charter to Scone Priory dated c.1120 issued by Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl, "filia Henrici Regis Angliae"), 262. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 50-57. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.655, XIII.205. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 57. Duncan Kingship of the Scots 842-1292 (2002). Barrow Kingdom of the Scots (2003): 1541-56. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Oram David I: The King Who Made Scotland (2004). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 313 (Scotland ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I, by Isabel of Meulan, daughter of Robert of Meulan (or de Beaumont), Count of Meulan, by Isabel (or Elizabeth), daughter of Hugues le Grand Count of Crepy [see VERMANDOIS 5 for her ancestry]. Isabel de Meulan married (1st) Gilbert Fitz Gilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 6 Jan. 1147/8) [see PEMBROKE 3] and (2nd) Ralph Bluet, of Silchester, Hampshire and Lacock, Wiltshire (living 1167) [see PEMBROKE 3]. She was allegedly living in 1172. i. ISABEL OF ENGLAND. She and her mother, Countess Isabel, witnessed two undated charters of her half-brother, Richard Fitz Gilbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Her subsequent history is unknown. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 10 (1855): 261-263 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to the monks of Usk; charter witnessed by Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter, Ralph Bloet, and Walter Bloet). C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 361 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Gilbert to Goldcliff Priory; charter witnessed by Isabel the earl's mother and Isabel his sister). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-102 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke) ("Actually there is no reasonable doubt that Isabel [de Meulan]s daughter bore her mother's name, lived with her after the elder Isabel's marriage, and continued to do so after her step-father's death. For the first two witnesses to the 2nd Earl of Pembroke's charter for Usk are the Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter; and in the charter for Goldcliff Priory the first two witnesses are Isabel the Earl's mother and Isabel the Earl's sister. There is no evidence that she ever married."); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.657. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Alleged but unlikely daughter of King Henry I: i. EMMA OF ENGLAND, married GUY DE LAVAL, seigneur of Laval. Hollister Henry 1(2001): 228 ("Bertrand de Brousillon, La Maison de Laval, 1: 79: 'on pretend meme que l’abbaye de Clermont aurait conserve longtemps une tombe sur laquelle on lisait EMMA ANGLORUM REGIS FILIA DOMINAQUE LAVALLENSIS.' The author dismisses this tradition on the grounds that Robert of Torigny omits 'Emma' from his list of Henry's daughters, but the list is by no means complete. Emma is absent from the list of Henry I's illegitimate daughters in CP, 11, app. D, pp. 112-121.").”	Ansfride (I6379)
6050	RESEARCH_NOTES: 1. “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013): “HENRY nicknamed “Beauclerc,” King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Cotentin, 4th son, born in 1068 or 1069. He married (1st) 11 Nov. 1100 MAUD OF SCOTLAND, daughter of Malcolm III (CeannMor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for her parentage]. She was born in 1079. They had one son, William, and one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, died at Westminster 1 May 1118. He married (2nd) at Windsor, Berkshire 29 Jan. 1121 ALICE (or AELIZ, ALEIDE, ALEYDA, AELIDIS, ADELIDE, ADELIDIS, ADELAIDIS, ADELIZA, ADELIZE, ATHELICE) OF LOUVAIN, daughter of Gottfried (or Godefroy) I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Count of Louvain, by his 1st wife, Ida, daughter of Otto II, Count of Chiny. She was born about 1103. They had no issue. By various mistresses, he had eight illegitimate sons, Robert [Earl of Gloucester], Richard, Fulk, Reynold [Earl of Cornwall], Robert, Gilbert, William de Tracy, and Henry, and nine illegitimate daughters, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Rotrou II, Count of Perche), Alice, Maud (or Mathilde) (wife of Conan III, Duke of Brittany), Juliane (wife of Eustache de Pacy, seigneur of Breteuil and Pacy), Mabel (wife of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail), Constance (wife of Roscelin de Beaumont), Aline (wife of Mathieu de Montmorency), Sibyl (wife of Alexander I, King of Scots), and Isabel.* HENRY I, King of England died at Lyons-la-Forêt (near Rouen), Normandy 1 Dec. 1135, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. His widow, Alice, married (2nd) after Dec. 1136 but later than summer 1139 WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, Earl of Lincoln, afterwards 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), hereditary Chief Butler of England, Privy Councillor to King Henry I [see CLIFTON 3]. They had four sons, William [2nd Earl of Arundel or Sussex], Reiner, Henry, and Godfrey, and two daughters, Alice (wife of Jean I, Count of Eu and Alvred de Saint Martin) and Olive. He was a witness to King Stephen's 2nd Charter of Liberties in 1136. He was created Earl of Lincoln c.1138. He gave shelter to Empress Maud at Arundel Castle in 1139, but afterwards adhered to King Stephen. His earldom was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex before Christmas 1141. In his own later charters he is styled Earl of Chichester. About 1145 he witnessed a charter of Henry Hussey as "Consul Willelmo de Cicesterr." His wife, Alice, presented to the prebend of West Dean in 1150. Alice, dowager Queen of England, died as a nun at Affligem Abbey in Brabant 25 (or 26) March 1151, and was buried at Reading Abbey, Berkshire. He was influential in arranging the treaty of 1153, whereby the Crown continued with King Stephen for life, though the inheritance thereof was secured to Henry II. He subscribed his name to this instrument as "Comes Cicestrie." By grant dated c.1155, King Henry II confirmed to him as "William, Earl of Arundel" the Castle of Arundel, with the whole honour of Arundel and all its appurtenances. He served as Joint Ambassador to France and to the Pope in 1163/4. He served as Chief Ambassador with Princess Maud to Germany in 1168. He was appointed joint Commander of the royal army in Normandy in 1173. In Sept. 1173 he assisted in the defeat near Bury St. Edmunds of the Earl of Leicester. He founded Buckenham Abbey, Norfolk and Pynharn Priory, Sussex. WILLIAM D'AUBENEY, 1st Earl of Arundel (or Sussex), died at Waverley Abbey, Surrey 4 (or 12) October 1176, and was buried at Wymondham Priory, Norfolk. [Footnote *: In 1824 the Scottish historian Chalmers stated that King Henry I of England had an illegitimate daughter, Elizabeth, who married Fergus, lord of Galloway (died 1161). [see Chalmers Caledonia 3 (1824): 250, footnote k ("Fergus [lord of Galloway] ... was a prince of some note, even at the court of Henry I. of England, is certain : as he took to wife, according to the heralds, genealogists, and chroniclers, Elizabeth, the natural daughter of Henry I.")]. Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway), however, debunked Chalmers' statement, noting that the authorities quoted by Chalmers "do not bear out his assertion." Even so, other secondary sources have continued to repeat Chalmers' unfounded claim: See, for example, Mackenzie History of Galloway (1841): 167-172 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England"); Anderson Scottish Nation 2 (1862): 195 ("Fergus, lord of Galloway ... married Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. of England ..."); M'Kerlie Galloway in Ancient & Modern Times (1891): 155 ("It is necessary to repeat here that Fergus married Elizabeth, the natural daughter of King Henry I. of England."); Maxwell Hist. of Dumfries & Galloway (1896): 47-48 ("Fergus ... married Elizabeth, natural daughter of Henry I., and sister of Sibilla, who married Alexander I., brother of David."); Ramsay Angevin Empire (1903): 90, footnote 7 ("Gunfrith [i.e., Godred] was son of Olaf, by Afreca, daughter of Fergus of Galloway, by 'Elisabeth,' reputed natural daughter of Henry I."); Oram Lordship of Galloway (2000): 60; Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Barrow Robert Bruce (1965): 36, footnote 2 notes that "Roger Howden calls Uchtred son of Fergus of Galloway a cousin of King Henry II (Gesta Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Ser., i, 80)," a relationship which Professor Barrow states "is best explained on the supposition that Fergus married a bastard daughter of Henry I." However, given that King Henry II of England had a Scottish grandmother, a more likely explanation of the kinship between the Galloway and English royal families is that the wife of Fergus was near related to the Scottish royal family, possibly being a sister of William Fitz Duncan, whose grandfather was Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots [died 1093]. This arrangement would make Uchtred son of Fergus and King Henry II of England related in the 3rd degree of kindred (or second cousins).] D'Achery Spicilegium 10 (1671): 612-613 (Continuatio Chronici Afflegemiensis: "Filia præfati Ducis Aleidis juncta matrimonio Regi Angliæ, post obitum secundi con jugis Afflegemiensis Claustri solitudinem ad reliquum vitæ ad humandum corpus elegit in domo turti Ecclesiæ contigua, cum una aut akera ancilla in Fratrum Afflegemiensiurn quieta taciturna multitudine solitaria habitavit, & beato fine quievit, de qua epitaphium: Aleidis Regina Anglim, filia Ducis Godefridi cum barba, Regnum suscepit in Anglia an MCXXI. obiit 9 Kal. Maii [23 April], sepulta è regione horologii nostri."). Rawlinson Hist. & Antiqs. of the City, and Cathedral-Church of Hereford (1717): Addenda, 30 (Kalendar of Obits: "IIII Non. December [2 December]. Obitus Henrici Regis."). Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 32-34. Morice Mémoires pour servir de Preuves à l'Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne 1 (1742): 130 (Extract of Cronicle of Robert, Abbot of Mont Saint Michel: "Anno 1135. Obiit Henricus I. Rex Anglorum in prima die Decembris, cum regnasset annis 35. & 4 mensibus."). Brequigny & Mouchet Table Chronologique des Diplômes, Chartes, Titres ... concernant l’Histoire de France 3 (1783): 236 (charter dated c.1155 of Alice Queen of the English [Adelaidis reginæ Anglorum]). Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: Kal. Maii [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 218 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "IV. Non. Dec. [2 December] Ob Henricus Rex Anglorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Norrnands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXI)). Tierney Hist. & Antiqs. of the Castle & Town of Arundel 1 (1834): 169-179. Michel Histoire des Ducs de Normandie et des Rois D'Angleterre (1840): 69 ("Li rois Henrie, quant la roine Mehaus fu morte, prist à feme Aalis, la fille Godefroi le duc de Louvaing, la cousine Wistasse [Eustace] de Bouloigne; mais n'en ot nul enfant. Si ot-il de bas .vj. Ills et .vij. fines"). Strickland Lives of the Queens of England 1 (1840): 135-211 (biog. of Matilda of Scotland), 212-256 (biog. of Adelicia of Louvaine). Barrett Memorials of the parochial Church ... in the Parish of Attleborough (1848): 12-41. Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis 2 (1849): 74 (Maud [of Blois], Countess of Chester, styled "niece" to King Henry I of England [neptis regis1). Ordericus Vitalis Ecclesiastical Hist. of England & Normandy 3 (1854): 482 (Roger Fitz Roger and Walter d'Aufay [Aufai] styled "cousins" to King Henry I at Battle of Bremule in 1119 by Ordericus Vitalis). Arch. Journal 20 (1863): 283 ("Adeliza appears to have used the identical matrux of the seal which had belonged to the first queen of Henry I., the name-Aalidis-having been substituted for Matli[Idis), 287-288 (charter of Queen Alice [Aelidis regina] ... There is appended ... a pointed oval seal of white wax .... device, a female figure standing ... The legend is + SIGILLVM • AALIDIS • SECVND[AE • DE]I • GRACIA • REGINAE • ANGLIE.), 288-289 (charter of Queen Alice [A. Dei gracia Regina]); 22 (1865): 152-153 (charter of William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Lincoln; charter names Queen Alice his wife [regina Adelidis]). Sussex Arch. Colls. 15 (1863): 112-113. Luard Annales Monastici 1 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1864): 14 (Margam Annals sub 1151: "Obiit Adelidis, regina secunda Henrici regis."); 3 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1866): 433 (Bermondsey Annals sub A.D. 1121: "Hoc anno rex Henricus primus duxit Adelizam, filiam ducis Lovaniae, in uxorem, tertio nonas Februarii [3 February]."). Burke Gen. Hist, of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited & Extinct Peerages (1866): 2-3 (sub Albini, Earls of Arundel). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. (1867): 21-33 ("In the Register of the Priory of Bromhale, we find the record of his death under the date of the 4th day of October, 22nd of Henry II (A.D. 1176), in the following words, `obiit Willielmus Comes Arundel' (no mention of Sussex or Chichester), et `sepultus est in prioratus de Wymondham.’"). Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptorum 20 (1868): 67 (Orderic Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, Liber X: Roger Fitz Richard [de Clare) styled "kinsman" [cognatus) of King Henry I of England). Somménil Chronicon Valassense (1868): 20, 104-108 (discusses evidence that King Henry I had an illegitimate daughter, Maud (or Mathilde)/Almodis, who was Abbess of Montivilliers). Ellis Antiqs. of Heraldry (1869): 206-207 (Aubigny ped.). Lower Compendious Hist. of Sussex 1 (1870): 70 (Robert de Haia, founder of Boxgrove Priory, styled "king's kinsman" [consanguineus] of King Henry I). Delisle Delisle Chronique de Robert de Tongni 1 (1872): 215 (sub A.D. 1139: "Invitarerat enim eos Willermus de Albinneio, qui duxerat Aeliz quondam reginam, quæ habebat castellum et comitatum Hardundel, quod rex Henricus dederat ei in dote."); 2 (1873): 63-64 ("Cessit etiam in fata Willermus de Albineio, quem vocabant comitem d'Arundel, relinquens filios quatuor, scilicet Guillermum de Albineio pritnogenitum, et alios tres natos ex Aeliza regina, uxore primi Henrici regis Anglorum."). Matthew of Paris Chronica Majora 2 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1874): 298 (sub 1176: "comes etiam Willelmus de Arundel obiit quarto idus Octobris [12 October] apud Waverle, et sepultus eat apud Wimundham, cellam scilicet ecclesiæ Sancti Albani, cujus cellæ patronus fuisse dinoscitur."). Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Obiit autem Matildis regina Anglia anno regni sui xviiio, kalendis Maii [1 May], et apud Radingas sepulta est."). Merlet Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cviii (arms of Henry I, King of England, Duke of Normandy dated 1115: D'argent au cavalier d'azur). D.N.B. 1 (1885): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Doyle Official Baronage of England 1(1886): 66 (sub Arundel). Raine Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops 2 (Rolls Ser.) (1886): 169 (History of the Four Archbishops by Hugh the Chantor - King Henry I and Pope Calixtus II were kinsmen: "Nam præter spiritualem patris et filii relationem, carnali consanguinitate propinqui erant, quorum avus et avia frater et soror fuerunt." (Note: Pope Calixtus II was a younger son of William I, Count of Burgundy, whose mother Alice was daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy]). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1 (1887): 5-8 (seal of King Henry I - Obverse. King, seated in majesty, in an undercoat with sleeves tight at wrists, and loose skirts reaching below knees; and long flowing cloak fastened at throat and spreading out behind, which has a border, with indications of a fur of symmetrical pattern. On the head a cap-shaped crown, with three fleurs-de-lis, one at top and one at either side, and two chin-straps hanging loosely at sides, the ends having buckles in shape of trefoils. In right hand, extended outwards from elbow, a sword is held almost perpendicularly. In left hand, similarly extended, an orb, ensigned with a long cross pattee pommettee. Throne, apparently square, and closely resembling that of William II.; the centre curves with a bold cusp inwards, with a string-course, and is the narrowest part. In lower of two compartments thus made, is a footboard, not enough remaining to show original size. On throne a flat cushion with square edge, carrying at each end a hemispherical ornament, intended for pillow. Reverse. King, hauberk of chain-mail; conical helmet, having a blunt point at crown of head, and perhaps armed with projecting nose-piece; single pointed spur of goad form; long lance to which is attached a banner, charged with cross moline, and three pairs of waving streamers. No indication of sword. In left hand, held by interior strap, a kite-shaped shield, seen from within. The horse is walking to the right hand, caparisoned with breast-band, which is ornamented by five globular pendants equi-distant. Saddle of small dimensions; with stirrups. The loosely gathered reins are held up in left hand, which also sustains shield. Legend: + HENRIC' D... ... ...). Round "An Unknown Mistress of Henry I." in Eng. Hist. Rev. 5 (1890): 745-746. Luard Flores Historiarum 2 ((Rolls Ser.) 1890): 69 ("Anno gratix MCLIo [1151]. Obiit Adelicia regina, uxor regis Stephani;" the editor notes that the name "Stephani" is erased in Ch. and altered to "Henrici I."). Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (Docs. sur la Province du Perche 3rd Ser. 2) (1894): 40-43. Recueil des Historiens des Castles et de la France 23 (1894): 471 (Ex Obituariis Lirensis Monasterii: "25 Mart. Obiit Adelicia regina."), 476 (Ex Necrologio Monasterii Crucis Sancti Leufredi: "25 Mart. [Obiit] Adeliza, regina Anglorum."), 578 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Mali. [Obiit] Matildis, regina Anglorum."), 580 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "12 Oct. [Obiit] Guillelmus, comes de Arundel."), 581 (Notæ Monasterii Montis Sancti Michaelis: "1 Dec. [Obiit] Henricus, rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum."). Napier & Stevenson Crawford Coll. of early Charters & Docs. now in the Bodleian library (1895): 31 (William [d'Aubeney], Earl of Chichester dated c.1150; charter names his wife, Queen Alice [regina Adelide]). Bradshaw Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral Pt. 2 (1897): (obits. in the odd volume of the great Latin Bible), ccxxxviii (2 May - "Matildis regina uxor Henrici regis."), ccxlii (2 Dec. - "Henricus, pacificus rex Anglorum."). Trans. East Herts Arch. Soc. 1(1) (1901): 129-135 (charter of Queen Alice widow of King Henry I dated 1136 [Adelidis regina uxor nobillisimi regis Henrici & filia Godefridi ducis lotharingie]. C.C.R. 1227-1231 (1902): 530 (confirmation of gift of Alice, formerly Queen of England). Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 1(1) (Recueil des Historiens de la France, Obituaires 1) (1902): 316 (Abbaye de Saint-Denis: "kal. Maius [1 May] Ob. Matildis, Anglorum regina [1118]."), 523 (Prieure de Longpont: "kaL maii. [1 May] [obit.] Maltidis, Anglorum regina [1118]."). Warner & Ellis Facsimiles of Royal & Other Charters in the British Museum 1 (1903): #14 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Lincoln dated c.1139-40; charter names his wife, Queen Adeleidis), #27 (charter of William [de Albini], Earl of Chichester dated 1151-2; charter names his wife, Queen Athelice). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 1-2 (sub Kings of Scotland). Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 25-34. Eng. Hist. Rev. 21(1906): 505-509. Molinier Obituaires de la Province de Sens 2 (1906): 241 (Obituaire of Prieure de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan: "Henricus, rex Anglorum, frater noster, III nonas decembris [3 Dec.] [1135]."), 661 (Nécrologe of Abbaye de Saint-Jean-en-Vallée: 12 Dec.] IIII non. Obiit Henricus, Anglorum rex [1135], ecclesiarum amator praecipuus."). Scots Peerage 4 (1907): 135-136 (sub Galloway) ("[Fergus, lord of Galloway] is said to have married Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of King Henry I. of England, but the authorities quoted by Chalmers, who makes the statement, do not bear out his assertion."). D.N.B. 1 (1908): 137-138 (biog. of Adeliza of Louvain). Urseau Cartulaire Moir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (1908): 167-168 (charter of King Henry I dated c.1111=20). Gomme Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1909): 217 (sub A.D. 1100: Maud of Scotland, 1st wife of King Henry I, styled "kinswoman to king Edward [the Confessor] and of the true royal race of England."), 239-240 (sub A.D. 1127: Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone], Abbot of Saint-Jean of Angély (in Poitou), afterwards Abbot of Peterborough styled "kinsman" [mæi] of [Henry I] King of England and [Guillaume] Count of Poitou) [see also Earle and Plummer Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel 1 (1892): 257; English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-5601. CP. 1 (1910): 233-235, 237 (chart) (sub Arundel); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Round King's Serjeants & Officers of State (1911): 140-165. English Hist. Rev. 34 (1919): 303-382. Farrer Outline Itinerary of King Henry 1 (1920). Brandenburg Die Nachkommen Karls des Großen (1935) XI 112. Rübel-Blass (1939) 257 (biographical information). G.H. White "Henry I's Illegitimate Children," in C.P. 11 (1949), Appendix D, 105-121. Leys Sandford Cartulary 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 22) (1941): 216. Johnson et al. Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066-1154 2 (1956): 148 (John [son of Eudes, Bishop of Bayeux, Earl of Kent], a royal chaplain, styled "kinsman" [cognatus] of King Henry I of England in charter dated 1117-19). C.R.R. 12 (1957): 157-158 (Sibyl de Falaise, wife of Baldwin de Bolers, styled "kinswoman" [nepte] of King Henry I of England). Stenton First Century of English Feudalism, 1066-1166 (1961). Davis King Stephen (1967): 137 ("[King] Stephen recognized three successive earls of Lincoln ... The first was William d'Aubigny pincerna who married Queen Adeliza, widow of King Henry I, and in her right became lord of the honour and castle of Arundel. He styles himself William Earl of Lincoln in three charters in which his identity is proved by references to his wife. They are in favour of Lewes Priory and the abbeys of Reading and Affligem-and in the case of Affligem there is also a charter of Adeliza referring to her husband as earl of Lincoln (Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville 3245; Warner and Ellis, Facsimiles, no. 14; E. de Marneffe, Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Affligem in Analectes pour servir à l’histoire ecclesiastique de la Belgique, 2o section, pp. 104,106). In royal charters it is usually impossible to distinguish him from his successor, William de Roumare, since the normal style of both was Willelmus comes de Lincolnia, or (before he was an earl) from his father, William d'Aubignypincerna, who died before June 1139 (Reg. iii. 973). If Robert de Torigny is right (Chronicles iv. 137) William had married Adeliza by September 1139, and it is tempting to assume that it was on his marriage that he was made earl of Lincoln, his connection with that county being that his mother, Maud Bigod, was a grand-daughter, and possible co-heiress, of Robert de Tosny of Belvoir. We do not know precisely when he was transferred from Lincoln to Sussex, but it was certainly by Christmas 1141 when he attested a charter as Comite Willelmo de Sudsexa (Reg. iii. 276)."). Chibnall Ecclesiastical Hist. of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80): 317 (Vol. VI, Book XII - Henry [de Pouilly-sur-Saone] styled "kinsman" [cognato] of King Henry I of England) [see English Hist. Rev. 84 (1969): 548-560]. Albion 10 (1978): 330-340. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 1 (1980): 95 (sub Hainault, Brabant); 2 (1984): 81 (sub England); 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Chibnall Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166 (1986). Green Government of England under Henry 1(1986). Hollister Monarchy, Magnates, & Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World (1986). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies 1 (Camden Soc. 4th Ser. 31) (1986): 301, 369, 476. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X.1.423, XII.371, X11.644-X11.645, XIII.207. Meyer Culture of Christendom (1993): 136 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "7 Kal. [Apr.] [26 March]. Obiit Atheliza regina."), 130 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit Rex Anglorum Henricus primus."), 146 (Canterbury Obituary Lists: "Kal. Dec. [1 December]. Obiit rex Anglorum Henricus i."). Haskins Soc. Jour. 7 (1995): 101-116. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35, 57. Scottish Hirt. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Vincent Acta of Henry II and Richard I Pt 2 (List and Index Soc. Special Ser. 27) (1996): 143 (confirmation c. 1172/81 of grant made by Queen Adela) (original published in Jour. of British Architetural Assoc. 17: 312). Scottish Hist. Rev. 75 (1996): 1-19. Harper-Bill Anglo-Norman Studies XXI (1999): 145-168. Bartlett England under the Norman & Angevin Kings 1075-1225 (2000). Hollister Henry 1(2001). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.), 313 (Scotland ped.). Weller Die Heiratspolitik des deutschen Hochadels im 12. Jahrhundert (2004): 464-4.76 (biog. of Königin Adelheid von England) ("On page 476, Weller states: "Seine Gattin Adelheid von Lowen, die ehemalige Konigin von England, war schon 1151 wahrend des Bürgerkrieges verschieden und wurde in Reading beigesetzt ... Der Begräbnisort Kgn. Adelheids geht aus einem Schreiben Jocelins v. Löwen an Bf. Hilarius v. Chichester eindeutig hervor, vgl. Reading Abbey Cartularies 1, No. 551, 416E; s.a. Bartlett, England 596. Nicht stichhaltig ist demgegeniiber die van Sanderus, Chorographia 1, 45, verbreitete Nachricht, wonach Adelheid vor ihrem Tod in ihre Heimat übergesiedelt und im Kloster Afflighem gestoren and begraben sei; heirnach auch John Horace Round in dem Art.: Adeliza of Louvain, in DNB 1(1885): 137f.; Complete Peerage 1, 235. Allerdings ist Kgn. Adelheid als Wohltäterin von Afflighem aufgetreten unde hat dem Kloster einigen Besitz in England gestiftet; vgl. Cart. Afflighem, No. 79, 121-124 (hier 122)."). Verbeke Medieval Narrative Sources (2005): 21-36. Fleming Henry I & the Anglo-Norman World: Studies in Memory of C. Warren Hollister (2006). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006). Children of King Henry I of England, by Maud of Scotland: i. WILLIAM OF ENGLAND, son and heir apparent, born in 1103. As his father's destined successor, he received the homage of the Normans barons in 1115, and that of the English witan in 1116. He married at Lisieux in May 1119 MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ANJOU, daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou. He was with his father at the Battle of Bremule in 1119. Early in 1120 King Louis of France invested him with the duchy of Normandy. He was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Wharton Anglia Sacra (1691): 160 (Chronicon Sanctæ Crucis Edinburgensis sub A.D. 1120: "Willelmus filius Henrici Regis, & Ricardus frater ejus & Ricardus Comes de Cestria cum multis Nobilibus naufragio perierunt.”). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. D.N.B. 21(1909): 337 (biog. of William, son of Henry I, King of England). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 2 (1984): 81 (sub England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.644. Caenegem English Lawsuits from William I to Richard I 1 (Selden Soc. 106) (1990): 180-181, 192-193, 213-214. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 306 (Normandy ped.). ii. MAUD OF ENGLAND, married (1st) HEINRICH V, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor; (2nd) GEOFFREY V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy [see next]. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by an unknown mistress, (possibly a member of the Bohun family): i. ROBERT FITZ ROY, Earl of Gloucester, married MABEL FITZ ROBERT [see GLOUCESTER 3]. Illegitimate sons of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Ansfride, widow of Anskill, a knight who was a tenant of Abingdon Abbey: i. RICHARD FITZ ROY, born before 1101. He served against the French in 1119, and was captured at Les Andelys. He was set free with his comrades by King Louis, because they had taken sanctuary in the church of Notre Dame du Grand Andely. Later the same year he was with his father at the Siege of Evreux and the Battle of Brémule. In Sept. 1119 he was sent to raise the Siege at Bréteuil. He was betrothed to Amice de Gael, daughter of Raoul, seigneur of Gael in Brittany and Bréteuil in Normandy. He was drowned immediately afterwards in the wreck of the White Ship 25 Nov. 1120. Amice subsequently married Robert of Meulan, 1st Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 6]. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. Stubbs Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1879): 92 ("Alium quoque habuit filium Ricardum, et cessavit parere... Navis enim infausta qun regis gestabat filios Willelrnum et Ricardum, submersa est, periitque in scopulis Barbefluvii."). C.P. 7 (1929): 527-530 (sub Leicester); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.646. Van Houts Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni 2 (1992): 248-249 (Robert de Torigny: "Ricardus autem, huius comitis uno de patre frater, cum fratre suo Willelmo in sepedicto naufiagio periit."). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. FULK FITZ ROY. Stevenson Chronicon Monasterii de Abington 2 (Roll Series 2) (1858): 37, 122-123. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(II.647. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Sibyl Corbet: i. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall, Sheriff of Devon, 1173-5. He married in 1140 MABEL FITZ WILLIAM, daughter of William Fitz Richard, of Cornwall. They had one son, Nicholas, and four daughters, Denise (wife of Richard de Redvers, Earl of Devon), Maud, Sarah (wife of Ademar, Vicomte of Limoges), and Emme (wife of Guy V de Laval, seigneur of Laval). By a mistress, Beatrice de Valle (or Vaux) (afterwards wife of William Briwerre, Knt.), he had an illegitimate son, Henry Fitz Count. By an unknown mistress, he also had one illegitimate son, William. He was granted the lands of William, Earl of Mortain, amounting to 215-1/2 fees in Devon and Cornwall. He was created Earl of Cornwall about April 1141. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, were recognized by contemporaries as "the most powerful men in the kingdom." His wife, Mabel, fell into insanity in the 1140s. He witnessed a charter of Henry d'Oilly in the period, 1114-47. In 1153 he witnessed the agreement between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy [afterwards King Henry II]. He and Robert, Earl of Leicester, acted as intermediary between the king and Thomas Becket at Northampton in 1164. He played a major part in opposing the rebels of 1173-4 in England. REYNOLD FITZ ROY, Earl of Cornwall died 1 July 1175, allegedly at Chertsey, Surrey, and was buried at Reading, Berkshire. Dugdale Baronage (1675): 702 (sub Briwere) ("[William Briwere] having married Beatrix de Valle, a Concubine, as 'tis said, to Reginald Earl of Cornwall (which is probable, for in a Grant made by Henry Son to the same Reginald [Earl of Cornwall], unto this William [Briwere], of the Mannor of Karswell, and Land of Hakford, he calls him his Brother")) [Note: Dugdale evidently intended to say that Henry Fitz Count's brother was William Briwere the younger, as it was William Briwere the elder was the husband of his mother, Beatrice de Valle]. Brooke Discoverie of Certaine Errours (1724): 6, 98 (undated charter of Reynold son of King Henry to William de Botreaux son of Alice Corbet his aunt [matertera]; charter witnessed by his son, Nicholas; his nephews/kinsmen [nepotibus], Ralph and Richard, and his brother, William), 112. Topographer 2 (1790): 288-291. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Baker Hist. & Antiqs. of Northampton 2 (1836 11): 239-240 (Bruere or Briwere ped.). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Stubbs Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis (or Chron. of the Reigns of Henry II. & Richard I. A.D. 1169-1192) 1 (Rolls Ser. 49) (1867): 163 ("Deditque ibidem Hereberto filio Hereberti, et Willelmo fratri comitis Reginaldi, et Joelllano de la Pumerai, nepoti eorum, regnum be Limeric pro servitio sexaginta militum"), 172 ("Nam Herbertus, et Willelmus, fratres Reginaldi comitis Cornubiae, et Joellanus de Purnetia nepos eorum, regnum illud havere noluerunt; sed illud reddiderunt domino regi et Johanni filio suo liberum et quietum ab omni calurnnia eorum"). Le Fizelier Mémoire chronologique de Maucourt de Bourjolly sur la Ville de Laval 1 (1886): 136-142. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-253 (William brother of Earl Reynold [Willelmus frater Comitis Reginaldi] held 1/2 knight's fee of Robert Fitz Roy in 1166), 261-262 (William brother of the Earl [Willelmus frater Comitis] held four knight's fees Reynold, Earl of Cornwall in 1166). Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 455-456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 34. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 75. C.P. 3 (1913): 429 (sub Cornwall); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Colls. Hist. Staffs. 1924 (1926): 9, 219. English Hist. Rev. 62 (1947): 352-377 (charter of William de Marsh brother of Reynold Earl of Cornwall [Willelmus de Marisco frater Reginaldi comitis Cornubie]). Kemp Reading Abbey Cartularies (Camden 4th Ser. 33) (1987): 6 (Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, styled "uncle" [avunculo] by Henry [II], later King of England, in charter dated 1147 or 1149). Minor & Butler eds. Letters of John of Salisbury 1 (Oxford Medieval Texts) (1955): 162-163. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Hull Cartulary of Launceston Priory (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc. n.s. 30) (1987): 9-10 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1154-65), 10-11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1146-55), 11 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 195-196 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1165-75, witnessed by his son, Nicholas), 196-197 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1155-65), 197-198 (two confirmation charters of King Henry II of England naming his "uncle" [avunculus] Reynold, Earl of Cornwall, one dated c.1174-5, the other dated c.1174-6). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): 1(11.651, X111.996-1000. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Hollister Henry 1(2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart).Cornwall Rec. Office: Borough of Truro, BTRU/1 (charter of Reynold, Earl of Cornwall dated c.1161-66) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, by Mabel Fitz William: a. MAUD OF CORNWALL, married ROBERT II, Count of Meulan [see VERMANDOIS 7]. Illegitimate child of Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall, allegedly by Beatrice de Valle: a. HENRY FITZ COUNT, of Liskeard, Cornwall and King's Kerswell, Devon, Constable of Totnes Castle, 1209, Governor of Portchester Castle, 1211, Sheriff of Cornwall, 1215, 1217-20, Constable of Launceston Castle and Warden of the Stanneries, 1215. In 1194 he was granted the manors of Liskeard, Cornwall and Diptford and King's Kerswell, Devon by the king. In 1196 he witnessed the Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by his alleged step-father, Sir William Briwerre. In 1215 he had a grant of the county of Cornwall from King John, to farm until the realm should be at peace. The grant was renewed by King Henry III 7 Feb. 1216/7. He resigned the county to the king in 1220, when he took the cross. HENRY FITZ COUNT died a crusader in 1222. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Hunter Catalogue of the MSS in the library of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn (1838): 13. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 6(2) (1846): 924 (Torre Abbey foundation charter issued by William Briwer). Oliver Monasticon Dioecesis Exoniensis (1846): 174 (charter of Henry son of Reynold Earl of Cornwall; charter granted for the souls of his brothers and his mother), 179, 183. Trans. Exeter Diocesan Architectural & Arch. Soc. 2nd Ser. 1 (1867): 133-134. Annual Rpt. of the Deputy Keeper 31(1870): 5. Rpt. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 29 (1897): 456. List of Sheriffs for England & Wales (PRO Lists and Indexes 9) (1898): 21. Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 9 (1902): 295-296 ("But Reginald de Dunstanville [i.e., Reynold Fitz Roy, Earl of Cornwall] had also by Beatrix de Valle (who afterwards became the wife of William Brewer, the judge of Henry II. and one of the regents of Richard I.) an illegitimate son named Henry FitzCount (sometimes FitzHenry), who became in after years also Earl of Cornwall."). Genealogist n.s. 20 (1904): 10-11. C.P. 3 (1913): 430 (sub Cornwall). Painter Reign of King John (1949): 231, 290, 348, 358-359. Hobbs Cartulary of Forde Abbey (Somerset Rec. Soc. 85) (1998): 116 (charter of Henry Fitz Count dated 1200-22; charter witnessed by William Brewer). North Devon Rec. Office: Chichester of Arlington, 50/11/29/3 (confirmation of a gift of land dated early 13th Cent. from Henry son of Earl Reginald to William de Tracy of all his land of Wollecombe [in Mortehoe] and Boklande, Devon, which William and his ancestors held of Henry and his ancestors, lords of Bradneys, as the charter of Hugh Ruffus testifies. To have and to hold to the aforesaid William, his heirs and assigns, of Henry and his heirs for ever, rendering all due and customary services. Seal of Henry son of Earl Reginald - Round, natural wax, armorial, surrounded by legend giving name of owner, chipped. The arms on shield resemble those of Courtenay family, but the Courtenays did not become Earls till 14th Cent.) (available at www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.asp). Henry III Fine Rolls Project (Baldekin styled "kinsman" of H[enry] Fitz Count in a fine roll item dated 1220; by whom he was earlier granted lands in Cornwall formerly held by Robert de Tintagel) (available at www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_015.html). Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith, daughter of Forne son of Sigulf, lord of Greystoke, Cumberland. Edith subsequently married ROBERT D'OILLY, of Hook Norton, Oxfordshire, Constable of Oxford Castle. They had two sons, Henry and Gilbert. He and his wife, Edith, founded Oseney Priory near Oxford in 1129. Robert d'Oilly died in Sept. 1142. Sometime in the period, c.1145-56, his widow, Edith, granted a toft in Huggate and 68-1/2 acres in the fields there to the poor of the Hospital of St. Peter, York. Leys Sandford Cartulary 1 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 19) (1938): 50 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith), 92 (charter of Robert d'Oilly dated before June 1139; charter granted with consent of his wife, Edith, and his son, Henry). Farrer Early Yorkshire Charters 2 (1915): 505-508, 510 (charter of Edith wife of Robert d'Oilly dated c.1145-56), 510-511 (charter of Henry d'Oilly dated c.1145-56; charter witnessed by his wife, Maud), 518-519. Hedley Northumberland Fares. (1968): 233. i. ROBERT FITZ ROY. He held land in Devonshire in 1130. He witnessed a charter of his step-father, Robert d'Oilly, in the period, ?1130-35. He supported his half-sister, Empress Maud, in the Civil War. In the period, 1144-7, he witnessed a charter of his half-brother, Henry d'Oilly. In 1146-7 he witnessed a charter of Empress Maud and her son, Henry. About 1150 he granted 10 pounds of land in his manor of Wantage, Berkshire to the church of Oseney, with the counsel of Henry d'Oilly his half-brother. Sometime in the period, 1153-67, he witnessed a charter of Wigan of Wallingford. He married before 1162 MAUD D'AVRANCHES, widow of William de Courcy (or ?Geoffrey de Crimes?), and daughter of Robert d'Avranches, by ___, daughter of Gelduin de Dol. They had one daughter, Maud. His wife, Maud, was heiress of Richard Fitz Baldwin. In 1162 he granted St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter two ferlings of land in his manor of Calvalegie juxta Cobbalegiam, together with a man named Edwium son of Wranhi; charter was granted with with the consent of his wife, Maud d'Avranches. ROBERT FITZ ROY died 31 May 1172. His widow, Maud, died 21 Sept. 1173. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Farms of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Coll. Top. et Gen. 1 (1834): 188 ("C. Rob[er]ti filii Henrici Regis per concessionem Mathildis, filiz Roberti de Avrenchis et heredis Ricardi filii Baldewini, dans totam vincam quam Rob'tus fil. Baldewini et Ricardus fester ejus Eccl. S.N. dederunt."), 382 (charter dated 1162 of Robert son of King Henry, granted with consent of Maud d'Avranches his wife [Robertus filius Regis Henrici, assensu Matillidis de Abrinco uxoris meae to St. Nicholas Priory, Exeter). Dugdale Monasticon Anglican = 5 (1846): 377-382 (Ford Abbey, Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia: "Obijt denique vir ejus secundus, dominus Robertus filius regis Henrici anno Domini M.clxxii. pridie calendas Junii [31 May], et post ipsum vicecomitissa Matildis, itaque de Aubrincis ut prius nuncupata, undecimo calendas Octobris [21 Sept.] anno Domini M.clxxiii. et regni regis Henrici secundi 19."); 6(1) (1830): 253 (charter of Robert son of King Henry [Robertus Henrici regis filius]; charter names his [half-]brother [fratris], Henry d'Oilly). Collectanea Archæologica 1(1862): 263-284. Priory of Hexham 1 (Surtees Soc. 64) (1864): 138 (Chronicle of John, Prior of Hexham: "Emissi sunt autem ducenti milites cum Rodberto, filio Edae et Henrici Regis notho, et Johanne Marascaldo ...."). Freeman Reign of the Norman Conquest of England 4 (1871): 723. Turner Cal. Charters & Rolls: Bodleian Lib. (1878): 374 (charter of Robert son of King Henry dated c.1150). Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 3 (1881): 1-3. Maitland Bracton's Note Book 2 (1887): 137-138 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that he was the son of Hawise, the first born daughter of Maud d'Avranches; Hawise's sister, Maud de Courtenay, who was the plaintiff in the lawsuit, in turn testified that the said Hawise was the daughter of Geoffrey de Crimes (or Crunes, Cruues), the 1st husband of Maud d'Avranches), 404-405; 3 (1887): 450-452 (Robert de Courtenay testified in lawsuit dated 1222 that his mother, Hawise, was the daughter of William de Curcy, husband of Maud d'Avranches). Notes & Gleanings 2 (1889): 50-56. Hall Red Book of the Exchequer 1 (Rolls Ser.) (1896): 251-254 (list of knights fees held by Robert Fitz Roy in 1166). Note-book of Tristram Risdon (1897): 53-56. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 73, 75, 101-102. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Seversmith Colonial Fams. of Long Island New York & Connecticut 5 (1958): 2426-2428. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.650, XIII.995. Reedy Basset Charters c.1120 to 1250 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 50) (1995): 25-26 (charter dated 1146-7 of Empress Maud daughter of King Henry I and her son, Henry; charter witnessed by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and Robert Fitz Roy). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Fizzard Plympton Priory (2008): 62, footnote 26. Child of Robert Fitz Roy, by Maud d'Avranches: a. MAUD FITZ ROBERT, married REYNOLD DE COURTENAY, of Sutton, Berkshire [see COURTENAY 1]. ii. ALICE FITZ ROY. In the period, ?1130-35, she witnessed a charter of her step-father, Robert d'Oilly, and her mother, Edith. Salter Eynsham Cartulary 1 (Oxford Hist. Soc. 49) (1907): 72-73 (Alice daughter of the king [Adeliza Lila Reg.] witness to charter of Robert d'Oilly, his wife, and son dated ?1130-35). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Nest, wife of Gerald of Windsor, Constable of Pembroke, and daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwt, Prince of South Wales: i. HENRY FITZ ROY, of Pembrokeshire. He was killed during King Henry II's invasion at Anglesea in 1157 or 1158. He married ___. They had two sons, Meiler Fitz Henry [Justiciar of Ireland] and Robert, and presumably one daughter, Amabilis Fitz Henry (wife of Walter de Ridelisford). Williams ab Ithel Annales Cambriaes (Rolls Ser.) (1860): 47 (sub A.D. 1158: "Henricus filius Geraldi occisus est, velut alii volunt, filius Henrici regis ..."). Dimock Geraldus Cambrensis: Itinerarium Kambrice, et Descriptio Kambriæ (Geraldus Cambrensis Opera 6) (Rolls Ser.) (1868): 130 (Date: A.D. 1157: "Fuerant autem duo nobiles viti, et ejus qui scripsit haec avunculi, cum aliis hue a rege transmissi: Henricus scilicet regis Henrici primi filius, et secundi avunculus, ex nobili Nesta, Resi filii Theodori filia, in australi Kambria Demetiae finibus oriundus; et Robertus Stephani filius, Henrici frater non germanus sed uterinus."), 130, footnote 2 ("The death of Henry, her [Nest's] son by [King] H[enryl I., in this attack on Anglesea, is placed by Brut under 1156, in Ann. Camb. under 1158. By the former he is called Henry son of King Henry; by the latter, Henry son of Girald, or, according to others, son of king Henry. He was the father of the famous Meiler, the great hero of the Irish invasion."). Gilbert Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin 1 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 30-31 (charter of Walter de Ridelisford to St. Mary's Abbey; charter granted with consent of his wife, Amabilis Fitz Henry and witnessed by Meiler Fitz Henry). Orpen Ireland under the Normans 1 (1911): 18 (ped. chart). Jour. Royal Soc. of Antiqs. Ireland 82 (1952): 46-61. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.656. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 298-299 (biog. of Meiler Fitzhenry). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, by his mistress, Edith: i. MAUD (or MATHILDE, MAHAUT) OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 (as his 1st wife) ROTROU II “the Great,” Count of Perche, seigneur of Belleme, son and heir of Geoffroi, Count of Mortagne and Perche, by Beatrix, daughter of Count Hilduin, Count of Montdidier and Roucy. He was born about 1080. Her maritagium likely included the manors of Aldboume and Wanborough, Wiltshire. They had two daughters, Philippe and Felicie. During the 1st Crusade, he fought at the Siege of Nicaea in mid-1097. He commanded a division that broke out of Antioch in June 1098. He crusaded against the Muslims in Spain probably in 1108. In 1114 he aided his father-in-law, King Henry I, at the Siege of Belleme. At the request of his wife, Maud, a hide of land at Wanborough, Wiltshire was given to Lewes Priory. His wife, Maud, was drowned in the shipwreck of the White Ship 25 Dec. 1120. He was Governor of Tudela in Aragon and participated in campaigns in Aragon from 1123 until the mid-1130s. He returned to Perche by 1135. He married (2nd) before 1126 HAWISE OF SALISBURY, daughter of Walter of Salisbury (also known as Walter Fitz Edward), of Chitterne, Wiltshire, Great Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, North Aston, Oxfordshire, etc., hereditary Sheriff of Wiltshire, Constable of Salisbury Castle, by Sibyl, daughter of Patrick de Chaources (or Sourches) [see LONGESPEE 2 for her ancestry]. They had three sons, Geoffroi, Rotrou (III) [Count of Perche], and Etienne [Archbishop-elect of Palermo]. After King Henry I's death in 1135, he and his nephew, Richer de l'Aigle, extorted the castles of Moulins and Bonmoulins as the price for their support for King Stephen. In 1139 he was taken in the English king's pay and defeated the unruly knights of Breteuil. ROTROU II, Count of Perche, died 6 May 1144 at the Siege of the Towe of Rouen, he then being in the service of Empress Maud and her husband, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. His widow, Hawise, married (2nd) (as his 1st wife) ROBERT I, Count of Dreux and Braille [see DREUX 6], and, in right of his 1st wife, Count of Perche, seigneur of Bellème, younger son of Louis VI, King of France, by Alix, daughter of Humbert II, Count of Savoy and Maurienne [see FRANCE 5 for his ancestry]. They had one daughter, Alix (wife successively of Waleran III, seigneur of Breteuil, Guy II, seigneur of Châtillon-sur-Marne, Jean I, seigneur of Torote, Châtellain de Noyon, and Raoul I de Nesle, Count of Soissons). His wife, Hawise, died in 1152. Robert I, Count of Dreux and Braine, died 11 October 1188. Duchesne Histoire Généalogique de la Maison Royale de Dreux (1631): 13-42. Anselme Hist. de la Maison Royale de France 1 (1726): 74-75 (sub Capetians), 423-425 (sub Comtes de Dreux). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Des Murs Hist. des Comtes du Perche de la Fam. des Rotrou (1856). Herald & Genealogist 3 (1866): 173-176. Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores 13 (1881): 255 (Genealogiæ Fusniacensis: "Rotaldus comes, prefati comitis filius, duxit filiam regis Anglie, de qua filiam procreavit. "). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 3940 (charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche, dated c.1119; charter witnessed by his sister [soror], Juliane, and her son, Richer), 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe). Money Hist. of the Ancient Town & Borough of Newbury (1887): 62 (Perche ped.). Boulais Receuil des Antiquitéz du Perche (1890). Romanet de Beaune Géographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Barret Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Perche (1894): 33-35. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 23 (1894): 419 (Ex Obituario Gemmeticensi: "6 [Obiit] Rotrodos comes."). Lalizel Abbaye Royal d'Arcisses (Archives du Diocèse de Chartres 10) (1900): 3-10 (charters of Rotrou, Count of Perche). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. VCH Wiltshire 9 (1970): 174-186; 12 (1983): 67-86. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Traditio 41(1985): 145-179. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.649. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 35. Thompson Power & Border Lordship in Medieval France (2002). Hollister Henry I (2003). Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Power Norman Frontier in the Twelfth & Early Thirteenth Centuries (2004): 360-361. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 311 (France ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Geoffrey Grossus Life of Blessed Bernard of Tiron (2009): 71, footnote 1. Child of Maud (or Mathilde) of England, by Rotrou II of Perche: a. PHILIPPE OF PERCHE, married HELIE OF ANJOU, Count of Maine, younger son of Foulques V le Jeune, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, by his 1st wife, Eremburge, daughter and heiress of Hélie, Count of Maine. They had one daughter, Beatrix (wife of Jean I, Count of Alençon). Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinite de Tiron 1 (1883): 53-55 (confirmation charter of Rotrou, Count of Perche dated c.1120; charter granted with consent of his son-in-law, Hélie, and daughter, Philippe [assensu generis mei Helie filieque mee Romanet de Beaune Geographie du Perche, formant le Cartulaire de cette Province (1890-1902): 44 (ped. chart), 48-51. Vallée Cartulaire de Château-du-Loir (1905): 30-31 ("... Helias vero ...comes Cenomannonun factus est, et xx annis adepto consulatu strenue potitis est. Heres quoque soceri sin Gervasii de Castro Lidi factus est, eujus filiam habuit, ex qua filiam nomine Eremburgem genuit, quam domino suo Fulconi, Andegavorum comiti, in matromonium copulavit … Uxor ejus ei filiam, Eremburgem nomine, peperit, quae, nubilibus annis, Fulconi, Andegavorum tunc comiti, nunc Ierosolymorum regi, nupsit et generosam sobolem genuit: Joffredum et Heliam, Mathildem et Sibyllam, quae filiis regum solemniter nupserunt"). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Illegitimate children of King Henry I of England, by various mistresses: i. GILBERT FITZ ROY. He was still young and unmarried in 1142. Nothing more is known of him. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 281 286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.660. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). ii. WILLIAM DE TRACY. He died soon after his father. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams. of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121 (author states in error that William de Tracy had a daughter and heiress, Grace, wife of John de Sudeley, of Sudeley Castle and Toddington, Gloucestershire). Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.659. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). iii. MAUD (or MATHILDE) OF ENGLAND, married CONAN III, Duke of Brittany [see BRITTANY 3]. iv. JULIANE OF ENGLAND, married in 1103 EUSTACHE DE PACY (or DE BRETEUIL), seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, illegitimate son of Guillaume, seigneur of Bréteuil and Pacy, by an unknown mistress. They had two sons, Guillaume and Roger, and two daughters. In 1119 he took part in the rebellion against King Henry I, who besieged his wife, Juliane, at Breteuil. She fled to Pacy, and in the autumn of 1119 Eustache and Juliane were pardoned by the king. A few years later she became a nun at Fontevrault. EUSTACHE DE PACY died at the beginning of Lent 1136, Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Depoin Cartulaire de l’Abbaye de Saint-Martin de Pontoise (1895): 470-476 (Famille d'Ivry). C.P. 8 (1932): 209-210 (sub Lovel); 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): X11.648. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 304 (Fitz Osbem ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Norrnandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). v. MABEL OF ENGLAND, married before c.1125 GUILLAUME GOUET (or GORT), seigneur of Montmirail and Alluyes, son and heir of Guillaume Gouet, seigneur of Montmirail, Alluyes, Authon, la Bazoche-Gouet, Brou, and Château-du-Loir, by his wife, Eustachie Crespon. They had one son, Guillaume [seigneur of Montmirail]. He joined his parents and his brothers, Robert and Matthew, in the foundation of the Priory of St. Giles des Chateigniers as a cell of Tiron. In 1114, as William Gouet junior, he was one of the nobles of Thibaut, Count of Chartres, whom the count called to advise him. In 1116, with his father and mother, he gave judgment in a dispute between the abbey of Marmoutier and Gaston de Brou. As "Guillaume Goët le jeune," he witnessed a charter of Guillaume de Mesmerand to the leproserie of Chateaudun c.1120. He succeeded his father before c.1125. He made an agreement c.1125 with the Prior of Saint-Denis de Nogent regarding the churches of Ceton and Saint-Ulphace. He likewise gave c.1125 to the monks of Saint-Denis the church of Unverre that Gaston de Brou gave them and that his mother Eustachie unjustly retained; for which gift he received 10 livres and his wife, Mabel, 100 sous. About 1127 he witnessed a charter of Ives de Courville, by which he quitclaimed his land in Courville to Thibaut IV, Count of Blois. In 1136 he granted various privileges to Tiron Abbey. In 1140 he confirmed the gift of Bois-Ruffin made by Ursion de Meslay. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumièges (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Guérard Cartulaire de Saint Père de Chartres 2 (1840): 471-476, 483-486, 494-495. Lépinois Histoire de Chartres 1 (1854): /41. Etudes sur le Maine, Noblesse du Maine aux Crusades (1859): 49-50. Charles & Elbenne Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans (1886-1913): Merlet Cartulaire de l'Abbve de la Sainte-Trinité di Tiron 1 (1883): cvii-cix (arms of Guillaume Goet dated 1139: Mi-parti au 1er d'argent à deux chevrons de sable; au 2e trois chevrons brisés d'or), 24-27, 78-79, 104-106. Merlet Inventaire-sommaire des Archives départementales anterieures (11790: Eure-et-Loir, Archives Ecclésiastiques, Serie H 8 (1897): 161. Souancé & Métais Saint-Denis de Nogent-le-Rotrou 1031-1789: Histoire et Cartulaire (1899): LVII-LIX, 103-104 (charter of Guillaume Gouet junior son of Guillaume Gouet dated c.1125), 104-106 (charter dated c.1125 naming Guillaume [Gouet] junior, son of Eustachie wife of [Guillaume] Gouet, and his wife, Mabel), 164-166. Bulls. de la Societé Dunoise Archeologie, Histoire, Sciences & Arts 10 (1904): 171-188. C.P. 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.663, XIII.1014. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Child of Mabel of England, by Guillaume Gouet: a. GUILLAUME GOUET, seigneur of Montmirail, married ISABELLE (or ELIZABETH) OF BLOIS, Duchess of Apulia [see DONZY 4]. vi. CONSTANCE OF ENGLAND, married ROSCELIN DE BEAUMONT, Vicomte of Beaumont-en-Maine [see BEAUMONT 3]. vii. ALINE OF ENGLAND, married MATHIEU DE MONTMORENCY, seigneur of Montmorency [see LEICESTER 3 {sic: MONTMORENCY 3}]. v. SIBYL OF ENGLAND, married ALEXANDER I, King of Scots [see SCOTLAND 1.v], younger son of Malcolm III (Ceannmor), King of Scots, by his 2nd wife, [Saint] Margaret, daughter of Edward Ætheling [see SCOTLAND 1 for his parentage]. He was born about 1077. They had no issue. By an unknown mistress, he had an illegitimate son, Malcolm. He became King of Scotland in 1107 on the death of his elder brother, Edgar, King of Scots. He and his wife, Sibyl, founded the monastery of Scone in Perthshire in 1113-14. He was also a benefactor to Durham and Dunfermline. He invaded Wales in summer 1114, in cooperation with King Henry I of England. His wife, Sibyl, died suddenly at Loch Tay 12 July 1122. ALEXANDER I, King of Scots, died at Stirling 23 April 1124, and was buried before the great altar at Dunfermline, Fife near his father. Rud Codicum Manuscriptorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelmensis (1825): 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: “VII. Kal. Mali [25 April]. Ob. Alexander Rex Scottorum et Soror ejus Matildis Regina Anglorum."), 216 (Monachi & alii Quorum in Margine Matyrologii: "VI. Id. Jul. [10 July] Ob. Sibilla Regina Scottorum."). Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Turnbull Extracta E Variis Cronicis Scocie (1842): 68 (Extracts ex Cronicis Scocie sub A.D. 1122: "Sibilla, illustris regine Scocie, uxor regis Alexandri, filia Henrici Beuclerk regis Anglie, apud Lochtay cellam canonicorum de Scona obiit anno Domini Moc.xxij"). Thorpe Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis 2 (1849): 78 (sub A.D. 1123: "Alexander rex Scottorum, VII. kal. Maii [25 April], obiit."). Liber Ecclesie de Scone (1863): 1-3 (charter of Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl; charter witnessed by his nephew [nepos], Alexander, and by William, brother of the queen [frater regine]). Scots Peerage 1 (1904): 3 (sub Kings of Scotland). Lawrie Early Scottish Charters prior to A.D. 1153 (1905): 28-30 (charter to Scone Priory dated c.1120 issued by Alexander I, King of Scots, and his wife, Queen Sibyl, "filia Henrici Regis Angliae"), 262. Dunbar Scottish Kings (1906): 50-57. C.P. 11(1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.655, XIII.205. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 57. Duncan Kingship of the Scots 842-1292 (2002). Barrow Kingdom of the Scots (2003): 1541-56. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Oram David I: The King Who Made Scotland (2004). Tanner Fams., Friends, & Allies (2004): 313 (Scotland ped.). Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Illegitimate daughter of King Henry I, by Isabel of Meulan, daughter of Robert of Meulan (or de Beaumont), Count of Meulan, by Isabel (or Elizabeth), daughter of Hugues le Grand Count of Crepy [see VERMANDOIS 5 for her ancestry]. Isabel de Meulan married (1st) Gilbert Fitz Gilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 6 Jan. 1147/8) [see PEMBROKE 3] and (2nd) Ralph Bluet, of Silchester, Hampshire and Lacock, Wiltshire (living 1167) [see PEMBROKE 3]. She was allegedly living in 1172. i. ISABEL OF ENGLAND. She and her mother, Countess Isabel, witnessed two undated charters of her half-brother, Richard Fitz Gilbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Her subsequent history is unknown. Banks Genealogical Hist. of Divers Fams of the Ancient Peerage of England (1826): 301-305. Guizot Hist. des Ducs de Normandie par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826): 284-286 (Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des Normands, Liv. VIII, Chap. XXIX). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 10 (1855): 261-263 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to the monks of Usk; charter witnessed by Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter, Ralph Bloet, and Walter Bloet). C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 361 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Gilbert to Goldcliff Priory; charter witnessed by Isabel the earl's mother and Isabel his sister). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-102 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke) ("Actually there is no reasonable doubt that Isabel [de Meulan]s daughter bore her mother's name, lived with her after the elder Isabel's marriage, and continued to do so after her step-father's death. For the first two witnesses to the 2nd Earl of Pembroke's charter for Usk are the Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter; and in the charter for Goldcliff Priory the first two witnesses are Isabel the Earl's mother and Isabel the Earl's sister. There is no evidence that she ever married."); 11 (1949): Appendix D, 105-121. Schwennicke Europäische Stammtafeln 3(2) (1983): 354 (illegitimate children of King Henry I of England). Winter Descs. of Charlemagne (800-1400) (1987): XII.657. Jour. of Medieval Hist. 29 (2003): 129-151. Green Henry I, King of England & Duke of Normandy (2006): Appendix I, Chart 2 (chart). Alleged but unlikely daughter of King Henry I: i. EMMA OF ENGLAND, married GUY DE LAVAL, seigneur of Laval. Hollister Henry 1(2001): 228 ("Bertrand de Brousillon, La Maison de Laval, 1: 79: 'on pretend meme que l’abbaye de Clermont aurait conserve longtemps une tombe sur laquelle on lisait EMMA ANGLORUM REGIS FILIA DOMINAQUE LAVALLENSIS.' The author dismisses this tradition on the grounds that Robert of Torigny omits 'Emma' from his list of Henry's daughters, but the list is by no means complete. Emma is absent from the list of Henry I's illegitimate daughters in CP, 11, app. D, pp. 112-121.").”	of Louvain, Alice (I6375)