Chris & Julie Petersen's Genealogy

Johan Peter Frederick

Male 1697 - 1774  (~ 74 years)


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  • Name Johan Peter Frederick 
    Born From 1692 to 1697  of Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany Find all individuals with events at this location 
    Gender Male 
    Died From 1766 to 1774  of Mohawk Township (now Florida), Tryon (now Montgomery), New York, United States Find all individuals with events at this location 
    Person ID I1871  Petersen-de Lanskoy
    Last Modified 27 May 2021 

    Family Anna Veronica Braun,   b. Bef 1703, of Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany Find all individuals with events at this location 
    Married 26 Nov 1722  Katholische Kirche Sankt Ignaz, Mainz, Hessen, Germany Find all individuals with events at this location 
    Children 
     1. Philip Frederick,   b. 26 Aug 1734, of, Palatinate, Germany Find all individuals with events at this location,   d. From 7 May 1804 to 6 Nov 1804, Florida, Montgomery, New York, United States Find all individuals with events at this location  (Age 69 years)
     2. Barent or Bernhard Frederick,   c. 15 Jul 1739, Fort Hunter, Albany (now Montgomery), New York, United States Find all individuals with events at this location,   d. of Matilda, Dundas, Ontario, Canada Find all individuals with events at this location
     3. Ann Magdalene Frederick,   c. 21 Jun 1741, Fort Hunter, Albany (now Montgomery), New York, United States Find all individuals with events at this location
     4. Hans Jacob Frederick,   c. 5 Jun 1743, Fort Hunter, Albany (now Montgomery), New York, United States Find all individuals with events at this location,   d. Abt 24 May 1821, Johnstown Township, Fulton, New York, United States Find all individuals with events at this location  (Age ~ 77 years)
     5. Lodewyck or Ludwig Frederick,   b. Aft 1743, of Fort Hunter, Albany (now Montgomery), New York, United States Find all individuals with events at this location,   d. of Matilda, Dundas, Ontario, Canada Find all individuals with events at this location
    Last Modified 28 May 2021 
    Family ID F726  Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  • Notes 
    • FRESEARCH_NOTES:
      1. Montgomery County, NY, Archives 19 Sep 2007 visit: Book "Register of Baptisms, Marriages, Communicants and Funerals Begun by Henry Barclay at Fort Hunter, Jan. 26th 1734" (Queen Anne Chapel 1734-1743). There are as many Indian baptisms as there are Caucasians at this time. Names of interest:
      A. "Anna Eva, Daughter of Hannis Gleyn and Mary Christina his wife, Bap't the 25th of Jan'ry 1738/9. Nicoleas Hall, Mary Hall, Anna Eva Saltser, Surties."
      B. "Mary, Daughter of Johannis Cleyn and Mary Christina his wife Baptized May 25th 1740. Frans Saltser, Annatie Newkerk, Magdalene Walleslous, surties."
      C. "June 1st 1740, Maria Catharina, Daughter of Peter Young and Ann Eva his wife. Joseph Walleslous, Margaret Snock, Barbara Toetendorf."
      D. "October 24th 1742, Eve, Daughter of Peter Young. John Cleyn, Saets, Surties."
      E. "March ye 4th 1742, Martin, Son of John Cleyn. Cornelius Bowen, Peter Young, Mary Boen."
      F. "February 3, 1743/4, Helena, Daughter of Peter Young. Helena Wallslous, Helena, surties."
      G. "July 15th 1739, Barent, son of Johan Peter Frederick and Anna Phronica his wife. Barent Vroman Jr., Engeltie Hansen, Surties."
      H. "June 21, 1741, Ann Magdalene, Daughter of Johan Peter Frederick and Anna Phronia his wife. Joseph Walleshous and his wife."
      I. "June 5th, 1743, Hans Jacob, Son of Johan Peter Frederick. Hans Huber, Jacob Naef and his wife."

      2. The book "Even More Palatine Families, 18th Century Immigrants to the American Colonies and their German, Swiss and Austrian Origins," v. 1, by Henry Z. Jones and Lewis Buncker Rohrbach, copy in Montgomery County, NY, Archives [note that author has an additional two earlier books on the same subject: "The Palatine Families of New York: A Study of the German Immigrants Who arrived in New York in 1710," (1985); "More Palatine Families," (1991), both of which I have reviewed without finding our Fredericks]: "Johann Peter Friederich. Peter Freidrick was naturalized 3 July 1759 (Scott & Stryker-Rodda, p. 29). On 8 Jul 1761, the petition of Peter Frederick was referred (see 'Land Patents' 16:45; also 'New York Colony, Calendar of Council Minutes 1668-1783,' compiled by Berthold Fernow, p. 404). Petter Fredrick was on a tax list of Mohawk in 1766 ('Upstate New York in the 1760s,' by Florence Christoph, p. 129). Johann Peter Frederich and wife Anna Veronica (Phronica) had issue:
      a. Philip, banns registered to marry 11 Nov 1752 Maria Sophia Salzer/Sals (Schoharie Reformed Chbk). Some of their ch. are found bpt. in the Ogilvie Records, Trinity Church, NY City. Philip Frederick was naturalized 11 Sep 1761 (Scott & Stryker-Rodda, p. 29). Philip Fredrick was on a tax list of Mohawk in 1766 ('Upstate New York in the 1760s,' by Florence Christoph, p. 129). The will of a Philip Frederick of Florida was dated 7 May 1804 (Montgomery Co. Wills Vol. 1).
      b. Bernhard, bpt. as 'Barent' July 1739 - sp: Barent Vroman and Engel (Fort Hunter Chbk). A Bernhard Friedrich md. 6 Jan 1771 Dorothea Schenck (Stone Arabia Reformed Chbk).
      c. Anna Magdalena, bpt. June 1741 - sp: Joseph... (Fort Hunter Chbk).
      d. Johann Jacob, bpt. 5 June 1743 - sp: Hans Huber and Jacob Naef and wife (Fort Hunter Chbk).
      e. Ludwig (HJ), the Lodewyck Fredrich who md. 31 March 1774 Alida Miller (Caughnawaga Reformed Chbk).
      f. Frans (HJ), the Frans Fredrick who md. 30 Dec 1774 Susanna Cosaadt (Caughnawaga Reformed Chbk). A chapter on Francis Frederick, b. Aug 1753 at Florida Twp., Montgomery Twp., is to be found in 'The Bloodied Mohawk,' by Ken D. Johnson, p. 410."
      [Kerry's notes: I have seen the book "The Bloodied Mohawk" in regards to Franz and it only contains information from his pension application, which I already have on file. Please also note that the author incorrectly assigns Frans as a child of Peter - he was a grandson, not a son. In regards to Ludwig, this is the only reference I can find of him whatsoever; there does not seem to be any christening record for him and his being listed a child of Peter is possible and perhaps likely but not proven. Please also note that even though some church records for the Fredericks are found in New York City Church records, this is only because clergymen from those Churches would travel up to "Mohawk" land. Note also that the Fredericks would use varying Protestant Churches in the vicinity depending apparently on which direction they were traveling or where there was a clergyman available to perform the rites.]

      3. Sir William Johnson was the Indian Agent and representative for the British Government in the early days of the Mohawk Valley. His fortified stone home still stands on the north shore of the Mohawk River opposite of Fort Hunter and is known as Fort Johnson. It was the center of the British Government's relation with the Indian Six Nations. His biography can be easily found on the Internet. The Montgomery County, NY, Archives has the published 14 volumes entitled "The Papers of Sir William Johnson," published by the Division of Archives and History, 1965, The University of the State of New York, Albany, 1965. The letters are full of the dealings with the various Indian groups as well as his local "associates" among whom we find Peter Frederick and his son Philip. I do not find any references to the Saltz's or Cosaadts. The references are as follows:
      Vol. 3, p. 161, Seven Years' War [French and Indian], Johnson's Account of Indian Expenses [of money paid to Peter for food supplies]: "1759, Feby. 22 To Peter Frederick for 36 sk pease @ 4/6 for Ind's: 8₤, 2sh."
      Vol. 3, p. 357, Seven Years' War, Peter Servis and Others to the Assembly [requesting naturalization as British subjects - this confirms that Phillip was a foreign born Protestant]: "March 10, 1761. To the Honourable, the Representatives of the Colony of New York, this Humble Petition is addressed. We the undernamed, now Inhabitants of the County of Albany, and Province of New York, being by Education and profession Protestants, but of forreign Birth, are desirious of becomeing his Majesty's Leige Subjects in this colony, wherefore humbly pray we may have the Benefit of an Act for our Naturalization, and your petitioners as in Duty bound will ever pray. [26 names listed including Adolph Young, Phillip Frederick, and the two Servis brothers Peter and Christian.]"
      Vol. 3, p. 634, Seven Years' War, a letter sent to Goldsbrow Banyar from Fort Johnson, Feby. 14, 1762, requesting that the following names of people be inserted in a patent [40 names listed none which are familiar except the two Servis brothers, Peter and Christopher, and no. 39 Peter Frederick and no. 40 Sr. William Johnson.
      Vol. 6, pp. 770-773, Post War Period, 1763-1774, is a patent granted on the Mohawk River [for land given by the Mohawk Chief Brant in gratitude for the goodwill of Sir William Johnson, Baronet] by King George III to Sir William Johnson and his associates: "To our Attorney and Solicitor General. Patent Rolls. (The same grant is enrolled on the Patent Rolls. 9th George III under date of 8 June.) A Draft of a Grant (In Public Record Office, C.O. 5.26. p. 31, London, England.) May 22d, 1769. George the third by the Grace of God of Great Britain France and Ireland Kind Defender of the Faith etc. To all Men to whom these present Letters Patent shall come Greeting whereas by a certain Grant of Deed Poll bearing date on or about the 27th day of December in the year of Our Lord 1760, Brant alias Araghijvadeeka and divers others Native Indians calling themselves Sole and absolute Proprietors of Conajohare in the County of Albany and Province of New York in Consideration of the Love Goodwill and Regard which they had and bore towards their Affectionate Brother and Friend the Honourable Sir William Johnson alias Warraghiiyagey of the Mohawks country in the County of Albany and Province of New York aforesaid Baronet as well as in Justice and gratitude to him for the many welltimed Supplies and Credit he had formerly given to their people many of whom being Dead since and those living unable to make him a proper recompence and other way for and in the Name of the most Gracious Sovereign King George the Second Did Give Grant and Confirm and for ever Quit Claim unto the Said Sir William Johnson Baronet [approx. 36 people and "their Associates" are listed including the Service brothers, the sons of William Johnson, and Peter Frederick] All inhabitants of the Mohawks Country his and their Heirs and Assigns for ever All that Tract or parcel of Land situate lying and being on the North side of the Mohawk River near to the Conajohare Castle and beginning at the North Westerly Corner of the Rear Line of a patent of Tract of Land purchased by the late Tiddy McGin and others and lately Surveyed by his Widow Sarah McGin which Corner or beginning is on the Bank of a Creek or Kill called by the Indians Dekayowaronwe and about thirteen Miles from the Mohawk River which Creek falls in the said Mohawk River about 200 yards below Fort Hendrick or Conajohara Castle Thence running from the said North Westerly Corner of the said McGins Rear Line North fifty Eight West to the West Bank of another Creek or Kill called by the Indians Deyoghtoraron by the Christian Canada Kill at Burnets Field from thence down along the west side of the said creek or Kill to the Lands patented by the White people [Kerry's note: the Burnetsfield Palantine Patent?] so down to the Mohawks River then round the several Tracts of Land already patented within the above mentioned two Creeks and taking in all the Vacant land between the said two Creeks from the Rear Line quite to the Mohawk River as described on the Back of the said Deed by the Indians themselves to prevent any Disputes containing about 80,000 Acres with all woods, underwoods...[a page of "legalese"]... the said Sir William Johnson and his said Associates His and their Heirs and Assigns for ever Yielding and Paying therefore unto Us Our Heirs and Successors two Beavers skins to be delivered at our Castle of Windsor on the First day of January in every Year and Also the fifth part of all Gold and Silver Ore which shall from time to time be found upon the said Tract of parcel of Land Clear of all charges In witness whereof We have Caused these Our Letters to be made patent Witness Ourself at Westminster the ___ day of ___ in the Ninth year of Our Reign And in the Year of Our Lord 1769." [Note the Conajohare Castle is a major Mohawk fortified town at present-day Danube, Herkimer, New York, whereas the Windsor Castle is the residence in England of King George. Peter's partial ownership of this patent may be the reason why some of the later generations of Fredericks ended up in the Danube area.]
      Vol. 10, pp. 248-250, Seven Years War, New York, 27 March 1761, copy of petition in the New York State Library, Colonial Land Papers, wherein Sir William Johnson in behalf of himself and his associates petitions "the Honorable Cadwallader Colden, Esqr., President of His Majesty's Council, and Commander in Chief of the Province of New York and the territories depending thereon in America" for a "Lycense to Purchase 40,000 A lyincres of Land in the County of Albany" on the north side of the Mohawk River [as previously described in the quote above]. Peter Frederick is listed as one of the associates.
      Vol. 12, pp. 818-819, List of Names (In New York Historical Society, Banyar Papers). April 27th, 1770. Names of those who are to be inserted in the patent of the Northern Tract of 80 Thousand Acres, in the rear of Kingsborough, alias Stuart purchase - [80 people listed including Peter Frederick as no. 61 - I do not recognize the other names except several Servis's]. Signed W. Johnson.
      Vol. 1, p. 541, Land and Indian Affairs 1764-1773, payment 1769 April 20 "To Sundrys to Frederick" ₤8.

      5. The book "Our Van Horne Kindred," by Elsie O. Hallenback, 1958, copy in the Montgomery County NY Archives:
      "Cornelius Van Horne, oldest child of Mathias Van Horne and Nelly Crumm, was born in Upper Freehold, NJ on March 10, 1745. When a young man he came to Warrensbush, Tryon Co., NY where he worked for Philip Frederick who had a grist mill and saw mill at Mill Point, along the Schoharie Creek. Philip Frederick was the son of Peter Frederick, a Palatine who had been driven out of south-west Germany during a religious persecution, and emigrated to Mill Point where he settled and raised his family. According to the records of the old Dutch Reformed Church of Schoharie, NY, he and Sophia Saltz, daughter of Francis Saltz, were registered for marriage on Nov. 11, 1752..."

      6. The book "History of Montgomery and Fulton Counties, N.Y.," reprinted 2002 (originally printed in the 1880s):
      A. From a "mass of papers left by Jelles Fonda, and now in the possession of the Van Hornes of Fonda, is 'a List of the persons that are assessed above 5 pounds, with the sums they are to pay, and the number of days they are to work upon the King's highways, annexed.' Though not dated, the document is believed to have been written shortly previous to the Revolution and furnishes a sort of limited census of the inhabitants of this region, with their relative financial standing. Many names now familiar in the same district will be recognized, under the disguise which the orthography of the writer, and perhaps of the times, put upon them. The list is as follows [with over 120 names including names of interest to us - note Wm. Johnson assessed at ₤202 and most others in the range of ₤6-20]:
      Peter Young, quota ₤10, annual assessment 1s 6d, no. of days work 4.
      Frans Salts, quota ₤15, annual assessment 3s, no. of days work 5.
      Peter Frederick and sons, quota ₤12, annual assessment 3s, no. of days work 5.
      [Various Gardeners/Gardeneers {Adam, Samuel, Jacob}; Mallatt {John}; Service {Peter}]
      B. Reference made to the royal grant of land received by Peter Frederick as one of several associates of Sir William Johnson as reported above in a separate note: "Perhaps in no section of the northern colonies were the loyalists so numerous or so influential at the beginning of the Revolutionary agitation as along the Mohawk valley. A state of things existed in this quarter unfavorable to the spirit of independence. Many conditions conspired to make the cause of the crown popular and powerful that were lacking in other sections, prominent among which was the almost absolute power that Sir William Johnson had obtained over the Six Nations and a large share of the white inhabitants. His domains in the Mohawk valley (including the 66,000 acres mostly in what is now Herkimer county, which in 1760 were given him by the Mohawks, and in the possession of which he was confirmed by the crown, leading to its being called the Royal grant), were exceedingly extensive, and his influence through many subordinate officers and a numerous tenantry was correspondingly great. His opinion on all matters of importance with which he was concerned was considered that of a sage; and though not decidely expressed, it naturally favored the government which had bestowed upon him wealth and rank. The name of Sir William Johnson, who had been the people's friend and companion in peace and their leader in war, was but natural that his sentiments on so momentous questions as those raised between the colonies and the crown would have persuaded to the side of the latter, or at least rendered neutral, some who would otherwise have cast in their lot with the colonies." [Note: Sir William dies just before the Revolution in 1774 and his son John Johnson and son-in-law Guy Johnson were not of the caliber of William nor the recipients of the respect accorded William. Eventually these Loyalist sons were totally driven from the area. William had come to area from Ireland originally as the nephew of Peter Warren, the British admiral who had bought the land known as Warrensbush. William promoted his interests in the area as well as trade with the Indians. He learned the native tongues and was well respected among the Indian tribes. He functioned as the crown's Indian agent and was a successful military leader of the local militia and Indian tribes during the many years of conflict with the French and Canadian Indians. His military successes helped him receive a Baronetcy entitling him to being called Sir William Johnson - not bad for a young Irish boy.

      7. On file with me is a photocopy of the "225th Anniversary Program, Old Fort Hunter and Queen Anne Chapel at Fort Hunter, N.Y. Sept. 12, 1937," published under the auspices of the Improved Order of Red Men and Degree of Pocahontas for the Mohawk, Sacandaga, and Schoharie Valleys. The copy was made from the original in the Montgomery Co., NY, Archives in Fonda, NY. The brochure contains the history of Fort and Chapel. Some highlights are included herewith since Peter Frederick's children were baptized in this chapel and evidently Peter was in the vicinity starting in the 1730's:
      A. Barent Vroman, the sponsor and namesake of Philip's son, Barent Frederick, was the original contractor to build Fort Hunter along with four other men: Garet Symonce, Hendrick Vroman, John Wemp, and Arent Van Patten. The contract was dated at Albany in 1711 in the 10th year of Anne, Queen of England, and was issued by Governor Robert Hunter. The desire to build the fort was expressed to the Queen by Peter Schuyler, the Mayor of Albany, and the five sachems of the Mohawk nation. Present day Fort Hunter was then known as Ticonderoga and was at the mouth of the Schoharie where it enters the Mohawk River. A chapel was also desired to establish the presence of the Church of England in this frontier post. The log fort with bastions was complete in Sep. 1712. The fort was used up through the French and Indian War at which time after 1756 it was eventually abandoned and destroyed. The 24 foot square stone chapel remained thereafter but was eventually demolished when a part of the Erie Canal was built in 1820 through the property. The stone was reused for the guard-locks. The Chapel was used partially as a fort during the Rev. War. Queen Anne herself had sent the furnishings for the Chapel.
      B. Previous to the erection of the Chapel, there had been spasmodic visits of missionaries sent out from England to the Mohawks by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. After the Chapel was built, the first pastor in 1711 was Rev. Thomas Barclay, formerly chaplain of Fort Orange in Albany. He was followed in 1712 by Rev. William Andrews who later resigned his post in 1719. The position remained vacant until 1735. Rev. Henry Barclay came in 1741 and was there until 1745 when he left to become rector of Trinity Church in New York City. Rev. John Ogilvie came in 1749 and was their until he succeeded Henry Barclay at the Trinity Church in New York City in 1764. By the late 1760s, there are records of a school being conducted in the building with at least 30 Mohawk children in attendance. There was a Rev. Mr. Ellison who preached at the Fort in 1790 and a Rev. Mr. Dempster who made a few visits there in later years.
      C. The religious nature of the building was ended by the time the Court of General Sessions was held there in Feb. 1781. "This seems to have been an important session for discriminating between the Whigs and Tories of the county, as 104 persons were indicted 'for adhering to the enemies of New York.' At a similar court at Johnstown in the October following, 16 men were indicted, 'for the same crime' while in February, 1782, 41 more, for their Tory proclivities, were remembered in the same manner 'for aiding, abetting, feeding and comforting a party of the enemy'... At the June term for 1782, an old gentleman and his wife were indicted, for aiding, abetting, feeding and comforting a party of enemy.' The 163 names thus designated, show those of a great number not only of the strongest and best families of the Mohawk valley at that period, but at the present time. [The surnames of Frederick, Young, Service, Smith are listed among 25 in the narrative along with "scores of others' not listed.] - the greater part of whom went to Canada; were in the service of the enemy; not a few of them remaining there and becoming permanent citizens. Indeed, we may say that thus very many of the German families of New York became represented in Canada, and are so to this day.
      D. Among the names recorded in the Queen Anne's Chapel Registers for baptisms, marriages, and sponsors from 1734 to 1746 are:
      Frederick: Anna, Ann, Barent, Hans Jacob, and Johan.
      Anna Eva Saltser, Frans. Saltser, and Anna Eva Selser.
      Young: Lena, Anna Eva, Eva, Helena, Maria Cath, and Peter.

      8. The book "History of Montgomery and Fulton Counties, N.Y.," reprinted 2002 (originally printed in the 1880s) contains some local history which adds to the historical perspective of the times of Peter Frederick in Montgomery County. I recommend browsing and reading this extensive history of which I have partial copy on file, but I do include a few excerpts in these notes:
      A. The Mohawk Indians maintained two fortified villages which they called castles. The lower castle was named Tionderoga or Dyiondarogon in the Indian tongue and it was at where Fort Hunter was located at the mouth of the Schoharie where it meets the Mohawk River. The second or higher castle was further up the Mohawk River at Canojahorie, which is present day Danube in Herkimer County. The castles usually had log palisades and huts grouped close together for defensive purposes. The Mohawk valley was an ancient and natural route from the Atlantic seaboard to Lake Ontario and as such had British interests push west from the Albany area and French pushing back from the Niagara area. This conflict led to the many years of the French and Indian War. Up to the end of the Revolutionary war, the area was in constant conflict as evidenced by the many forts and historical accounts of atrocities, and massacres. The Frederick family of this era would have been considered in the vanguard of British frontiersmen with a dangerous time and place to live. The earliest white men in the area would have been the French Jesuit priests followed eventually by missionaries of the English Church of England. The Dutch were slow to migrate to this area and were mainly only as far as Fort Orange which became Albany. The civilization followed the Mohawk River west from Albany and then eventually moved up the tributary rivers, which was the case of the Fredericks, Saltzs, and associated families up the Schoharie River from Fort Hunter. Fort Hunter was the first established village in the area in the first decade of the 1700s. Albany would continue to be the main market for the eventual crops produced in later Montgomery County.
      B. The Dutch descendants of the original New Amsterdam colony (New York City after the 1660s) were slow to move into the area and stayed mainly as far as the Albany area. There earliest presence in the Montgomery county area would be generally confined to the very eastern portions of the county. The areas west would be many settled by the Palatine immigrations. "The wars in Europe in the latter part of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th, were waged principally on religious grounds. Most of the European powers still adhered to the Catholic faith, and supported the vigorous efforts of the Roman see for the extinction of Protestantism. The lower Palatinate in Germany was for many years the scene of the rapine and ravages so eminently incidental to religious wars, until the remnant of the population holding the tenets of the Protestant faith could no longer find a hiding place from their implacable enemies, the French, and, fleeing from their native land, took refuge in England, under the protection of a power which had then assumed its historic position as the chief bulwark of Protestantism." Queen Anne of England was counseled by her Board of Trade to grant the petition of the Lutheran minister Joshua Kockerthal to provide for him and his 51 of his co-religionists transport and support to the Colony of New York in 1708. They were naturalized before leaving England and all expenses were paid by the government. In June 1710, 3000 more followed with over 400 perishing in the sea voyage. They received support for one year and in "1709, it was suggested that they might be located along the Mohawk river, where they could be employed in making tar and turpentine from the abundant pine trees; and would serve as a protection to the colony from the French in Canada, and the Indians in their interest. In pointing out a place as most suitable for the settlement of the Palatines, the board of trade designated a tract on the Mohawk, about 50 miles in length and four in breadth; and another about 30 miles in length, upon a creek flowing into the Mohawk, referring to the Schoharie, the land around which, though claimed by the Mohawk Indians, could be easily purchased of them. It was also proposed that the settlers be employed for a limited time in making naval stores, and be naturalized in the province, free of charge. The English Attorney-General reported a contract, which was executed by them, granting them 40 acres of land for each person, and exemption from taxes and quit rents for seven years... Upon a survey being, however, of the lands indicated, they were found destitute of pine timber, and hence, though highly fertile, unfitted for the design entertained. Gov. Hunter, therefore, bought of Robert Livingston a tract of 6000 acres on the east side of the Hudson... he settled a large portion of the Germans upon it. Some, however, preferred to remain in New York City, and others found their way into Pennsylvania, and settled there." By 1711, the number of Palatines on the Hudson was reported as 1,761. This proved to not have been as promised to the Palatines with their work more for building up the interests and estates of the unscrupulous Livingston and other established landowners who had duped Gov. Hunter. They were virtual indentured servants and became unruly. They wanted to relocate to the fertile Schoharie tract promised them by Queen Anne. "They were obliged to bring a body of troops to the settlement to disarm them and compel them to resume their labors. In the expedition of Col. Nicholson for the reduction of Canada, in the fall of 1711, about 300 of the Palatines cheerfully enlisted, glad to escape from their hated toil, and to pay some part of their debt of vengeance to the detested French. But they had never given up their longing for the rich soil to the westward, and Gov. Hunter found it no easy task to restrain them." By 1712, Gov. Hunter had run out of money and credit and had instructed the superintendent to instruct the Germans to seek employment for themselves; however, they were not to abandon the tar manufacturing, but they were to return to it when required. "Some of the leading Palatines embraced this opportunity for an emigration to the banks of the Schoharie, where they had obtained permission from the Indians to settle. They threaded on foot an intricate Indian trail, bearing upon their backs their worldly possessions... They had not been very long in possession of the Schoharie valley before... and agent of the Crown appeared at their settlement and offered deeds from the Sovereign to those who had taken up land, if they would define its boundaries. The poor settlers, however, had been so long unused to fair treatment that they regarded this excellent offer as a snare, and drove the agent from the community." The agent eventually repealed his proposition and sold the land to some investors in Albany. When the patentees tried to enforce leases to their titles in 1715 by means of the sheriff, the Palatines "fell upon him, beating him unmercifully and inflicting other indignities." Considering themselves in possession of the land, they declared "that the Queen had given them the lands, and they wanted no better titles." Some leading Palatines were arrested and others commissioned three of their number to present a memorial to the proper authorities in England. "In 1720, Hunter was succeeded by Wm. Burnet in the governorship of the province, and in consequence of the troubles with the Palatines both at Schoharie and at the original settlement on the Hudson, was specially instructed remove such of the latter as might desire to other localities." In 1722, another group of Palatines arrived at New York from Holland, having lost many of their number on the voyage. Burnett fixed the Palatines in their new settlement, but he found much cunningness among them with a few trying to entice the others to leave so as to claim their land and enlarge their holdings. He remarked, "And indeed in my dealings with those people I find very little gratitude for favors done them, and particularly that those who were best taken care of and settled on good lands by my predecessor are the most apt to misrepresent him and this managed by a few cunning persons among them that lead the rest as they please, who are for the generality a laborious and honest but a headstrong ignorant people." As the "Palatines began to discover that all their troubles proceeded from their own ignorance and stubbornness some of them purchased the lands on which they had settled, but a large portion of them in the spring of 1723 removed to Pennsylvania. Others moved up the Mohawk valley and settled in and about the present towns of Canajoharie and Palatine and to the westward along the river."
      C. William Johnson appears on the scene in 1738 at age 23 to superintend "a large estate, the title to which had been acquired by his uncle, Sir Peter Warren, a British Admiral. This tract, containing some 15,000 acres, lay along the south bank of the Mohawk near the mouth of Schoharie creek and mostly within the present town of Florida. It was called from its proprietor Warrensbush... He was to promote Captain Warren's interests by the sale of small farms in Warrensbush; his own interests by cultivating land for himself, and their joint interests by keeping a store in which they were partners. In 1743 he became connected with the fur trade at Oswego and derived a great revenue from this and his other dealings with the Indians. Having early resolved to remain in the Mohawk valley, he applied himself earnestly to the study of the character and language of the natives. By freely mingling with them and adopting their habits when it suited his interest he soon gained their good will and confidence, and gradually acquired an ascendancy over them never possessed by any other European... A few years after Johnson's arrival on the Mohawk he purchased a tract of land on the north side of the river... In 1744 he built a gristmill on a small steam flowing into the Mohawk... He also erected a stone mansion at his place for his own residence, calling it Fort Johnson, the building still stands and bears its old name." [It was just six years after this that Philip Frederick sets up his mill up the Schoharie River to save his neighbors the trip to Fort Johnson. He uses a used grinding stone that his father-in-law Francis Saltz purchased from William Johnson.]
      D. The narrative contains much on the French and Indian Wars and other similar incursions into the valley. William Johnson was the able commander of the local militia in the many hostilities. "The French war had involved the government of New York so deeply in debt that direct taxation was necessitated. Part of a tax list under a warrant sent to the Albany county commissioners to 'John Fonda, Collector for Mohawks,' in the summer of 1764, is extant" and includes the name of Peter Young with a valuation of ₤13 with a assessment of ₤1-12-6." When the war finally ended with the "apprehension and dread of the French invasion being removed, the tide of emigration flowed more rapidly into the Mohawk valley. The growth led to the dividing the original county of Albany into two with the forming of Tryon county in 1772. One of the reasons was the onerous task for the population to travel to Albany to avail themselves of the court. Instead of townships with the new county, "it was divided into five large districts. The most eastern district was called the Mohawk, and consisted of a strip of the State between the east line of the county already defined and a parallel line crossing the Mohawk river at the 'noses.'"
      E. The exploits of the area during the Revolutionary war are told in detail. As mentioned earlier, the area was highly loyalist and in the path of the invading armies out of Canada. Many of the Indian tribes were aligned with the British against the local patriot Tryon Militia. In discussing the aftermath, it was reported to Gen'l Washington that the original enrolled county militia "numbered not less than 2500, there were then [at the end of the war] not more than 800 men liable to bear arms, and not more than 1200 who could be taxed or assessed for the raising of men for the public service. To account for so large a reduction of the population, it was estimated that one-third had been killed or made prisoners; one-third had gone over to the enemy; and one-third for the time being had abandoned the country. No other part of America of the same extent had suffered so much; no where else had the patriot population been so nearly at the mercy of the Indians and Tories. Overrun again and again by savage hordes bent on murder, booty and ruin, this region presented at the close of the war a heart-sickening desolation." The loyalist "raid of Ross and Butler," former prominent residents of the area, "was the last serious invasion of the Mohawk valley. There was little left to tempt further incursions. The patriots of Tryon county had passed through a terrible ordeal. Those who now live in peace and plenty on the lands once so often trodden by relentless foes, cannot comprehend the sufferings of their forefathers, and their brave and patient endurance. Especially difficult would it be to realize the amount of painful anxiety, hardship and self-denial, to which the wives and daughters of the Revolutionary heroes were subjected, while fathers, husbands, and brothers were away fighting for the country's freedom. All through the long struggle the lives of these brave women were made burdensome by incessant toil and watching. not only had they household duties to perform, but it fell to their lot to cultivate the farms for their subsistence. The slow and toilsome reaping with the sickle having been accomplished, and the grain garnered, they had to carry it miles, often on foot, to mill, exposed to the attack of the wily Indian or the treacherous torey; or if the mill was too distant, had to pound the grain in a wooden mortar at home. These who had live stock were under the necessity of watching it night and day. The housewife and daughters had to weave the cloth from which the garments of their family were made, for few could afford to buy, even had well stocked stores been always at hand. But severe toil was a less hardship than the constant exposure to being attacked by the Indians, which made it part of their daily work to be on the lookout for the lurking foe, familiar with all the footpaths and liable to appear when least expected, seldom sparing the innocent and helpless, but leaving blood and flame as the evidence of his stealthy visit. The terrible experience of the revolution were impartially shared by the wives and daughters of the patriot soldiers, and their trials and endurance can never be fully portrayed." The "sufferings of the unfortunate inhabitants of the Mohawk valley were the measure of the delight with which they hailed the return of peace. The dispersed population returned to the blackened ruins of their former habitations, rebuilt their houses and again brought their farms under cultivation. With astonishing audacity the Tories now began to sneak back and claim place and property among those whom they had impoverished and bereaved. It was not to be expected that this would be tolerated. The outraged feelings of the community found expression at a meeting of the principal inhabitants of the Mohawk district, May 9, 1783." The words are quite poignant: "Taking into consideration the peculiar circumstances of this county relating to its situation, and the numbers that joined the enemy from among us, whose brutal barbarities in their frequent visits to their old neighbors are too shocking to humanity to relate; they have murdered the peaceful husbandman, and his lively boys about him unarmed and defenseless in the field. They have, with a malicious pleasure, butchered the aged and infirm; they have wantonly sported with the lives of helpless women and Children, numbers they have scalped alive, shut them up in their houses and burnt them to death. Several Children, by the vigilance of their friends, have been snatched from flaming buildings; and though tomahawked and scalped, are still living among us; they have made more than 300 widows and above 2000 orphans in this county; they have killed thousands of cattle and horses that rotted in the field; they have burnt more than two millions of bushels of grain, many hundreds of buildings, and vast stores of forage; and now these merciless fiends are creeping in among us again to claim the privilege of fellow-citizens, and demand a restitution of their forfeited estates; but can they leave their infernal tempers behind them and be safe or peaceable neighbors: Or can the disconsolate widow and the bereaved mother reconcile her tender feelings to a free and cheerful neighborhood with those who so inhumanly made ere such? Impossible! It is contrary to nature, the first principle of which is self-preservation. It is contrary to the law of nations, especially that nation which, for numberless reasons, we should be thought to pattern after... Resolved, unanimously, that all those who have gone off to the enemy or have been banished by any law of this State, or those, who we shall find, tarried as spies or tools of the enemy, and encourage and harbored those who went away, shall not live in this district on any pretence whatever; and as for those who washed their faces from Indian paint and their hands from the innocent blood of our dear ones, and have returned, either openly or covertly, we hereby warn them to leave this district before the 20th of June next, or they may expect to feel the just resentment of an injured and determined people..." Being that most of the Indian tribes, except the Oneidas and Tuscarawas who remained friendly to the Americans, had chosen the side of the British, they too were banished from the new America. Canada had to grant tracts of land to some of the Mohawks and others of the Six Nations. Other members of the Indian confederacy remained but only "after considerable negotiation [did] the United States [give] them peace on their relinquishing a large share of their territory." The "war of the Revolution had made the people of the other States familiar with New York." A tide of emigration began at the close of the war. Soon the large county of Tryon, renamed Montgomery in 1784, which encompassed western New York, was divided and redivided numerous times. "Prior to the Revolution, the inhabitants of the Mohawk valley, as has been seen, were for the most part the Germans, who came over from the Palatinate, and the Dutch, who tardily extended their settlements westward from Schenectady, together with some Scotch and Irish. But after that eventful period, people from New England, no less industrious and enterprising, came flocking in and took possession of the confiscated lands of the Tories, obtaining their title from the State, or pushing into the unbroken wilderness, brought new farms into cultivation."
      F. Original ownership in Florida township area. Walter Butler purchased from the Indians a tract of 86,000 acres which was divided into six tracts, one of which was transferred to Charles Williams and others, August 19th, 1735, and comprised the principal portion of what is now the township of Florida. The parties taking possession of this tract were to pay the yearly rent of 2 shillings, 6 pence for each 100 acres at the Custom House in New York, and agreed to settle and cultivate at least 3 acres out of every 50 within the next three years. Additionally all trees 24 inches in diameter and upwards, at 12 inches from the ground, were to be reserved for masts for the Royal Navy. This was the tract afterward owned by Sir Peter Warren, and known as Warrensbush, probably purchased by him in 1737; as a petition to be allowed to purchase 6,000 acres of land is filed by him in the Secretary of State's office, dated May 5th, 1737. This land remained in the Warren family for nearly sixty years. After the death of Sir Peter Warren, Warrensbush was divided into three parts: one part was conveyed to Charles Fitzroy, otherwise called Lord Southampton; one part to the Earl of Abingdon, and the third to Henry Gage. Abingdon and Gage conveyed their two shares to John Watts, of New York, who was formerly their attorney, and was also a brother-in-law to Sir Peter Warren. David Cady was agent for John Watts in Warrensbush. There was an anxiety to get rid of the vexatious ground rents, but the lease system was well entrenched, and the owners knew well their value; only slowly and gradually was the right to the soil obtained in the late 1780s and 1790s. The following quitclaim of certain leaseholds mentions the Fredericks, Youngs, and Services: "Whereas, John Watts of the city of New York, and Jane, his wife, did purchase from the Earl of Abingdon, of Great Britain, and from Henry gage and Susanna, his wife, and others their trustees, two tracts or parcels of land situated in a place called Warrensburgh, in the town of Mohawk, county of Montgomery, State of New York, formerly part of the estate of Sir Peter Warren... said John Watts hath sold and conveyed sundry lots thereof to David Cady, Nathan Stanton, Ezra Murray, Phillip and Peter Frederick, William and Peter Youngs... Christian and Peter Service... and sundry others, with covenants on the part of said John Watts to convey the same in full to them on payment of certain sums... Signed and sealed 13 Nov 1793." [I am sure which Peter is spoken of - the immigrant or the son of Philip.]
      G. In commenting on the various early churches in the area: "Early in 1796 a Free Will Baptist church organization was removed to Ames (where some of the members lived, including the minister Elder George Elliott) from a point several miles west, where it was established in 1794." Among the names of the original members is "Peter Frederick." I am not sure if this the original Johan Peter, his grandson Peter, or another grandson.

      9. Various historical excerpts of early Mohawk history:
      A. Http://www.rootsweb.com/~nyherkim/history/montbio.html: Source: History of New York State 1523-1927; edited by Dr. James Sullivan c.1927: Early Montgomery County History:
      "General Richard Montgomery, born in Ireland December 2, 1736, became a citizen of New York, and, although a trained officer of the English Army, threw in his influence and service in the provincial affairs of America. On the opening of the Revolution he was made a general and ordered to march against Canada. He was successful at Chambly and Montreal, and in sole command of the attack against Quebec. But in his eagerness to be at the head of his men he was mortally wounded. Congress, in 1776, erected a monument to his memory, but the greatest memorial honor is that seventeen States have perpetuated his name by attaching it to as many counties, and almost as many cities.
      Three years before the breaking out of the Revolution a great section of Albany County was set aside and named after the English Governor of the province, William Tryon. With the victorious ending of the war Tryon's name was anathema to the lips of the patriots, and in 1784 honor was done to the dead hero of Quebec by changing the hated title to that of Montgomery...
      After the Revolution the Mohawk section and others began to have an accession of settlers, and the desire arose for smaller divisions of the State, and particularly Montgomery County. From 1789 to 1854 no fewer than thirty-five counties were carved from the original Montgomery, leaving it reduced, from being the larger part of New York State, to one of the smaller counties with an area of only 436 square miles.
      Thirty-two pieces had been removed from Montgomery. The boundaries were getting narrowed and the county compact. But the growth of cities had been greater in those along the Mohawk than in the more northerly sections, and there were also more villages to the south. Complaint was made that it took too long and was too costly to make the long trip to Johnstown [county seat] to attend to legal business. The result of this dissatisfaction was the removal of the county seat to Fonda. The residents of the north half of the county were incensed by this action and, in 1838, petitioned the Legislature to set their part off as a separate county, which was done under the title of Fulton...
      The county as left by this final division is bounded on the north by Fulton; on the east by Schenectady and Saratoga; on the south by Schenectady, Schoharie and Otsego; on the west by Herkimer. It is on both sides of the Mohawk, distant from Albany about forty miles...
      The settlement of this section of the State was the result of two very different streams of immigration. When Arent Van Corlear first visited the valley in 1661 he was immediately smitten with its charms, and straightway bought from the Indians large tracts of land. These purchases were confirmed by the English Governor, Dongan, in 1684, the Dutch having been displaced from power in New York. There was, however, no effort made to settle these tracts until early in the next century.
      In 1710, as a result of one of the religious wars of Europe, certain refugees from the Lower Palatinate of Germany fled to England, and from there were sent to the York colony. The first of these groups came in 1707, although the greater numbers arrived in 1710 (3,000), and were located on the Hudson. Dissatisfaction arose among them, and displeasure in the minds of those who felt they were their benefactors, with a result that the Palatines were sent off farther up the State by the English that they might be a barrier between the French and Indians and their precious selves. These Palatines did not prove much of a barrier in the war that soon followed, but they did scatter through much of the Montgomery region and exerted great influence in its development."

      10. Various accounts of the Palatines in early Mohawk Valley:
      A. FHL book 974.761D2G "Early Families of Herkimer County New York, Descendants of the Burnetsfield Palatines," by William V.H. Barker, Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, 1986, preface, the book gives some general local history per the following excerpts:
      "Herkimer County, in north central New York's Mohawk Valley, received its name in 1791 in memory of General Nicholas Herkimer, the Revolutionary War militia commander... There were probably in excess of 15,000 Indians in the region about the year 1700, but by the time of the American Revolution their population had eroded to about 10,000... due in part to lack of resistance to European diseases. Their numbers then fell sharply during and just after the Revolution as a result of migrations to Canada and points westward, the exodus being necessitated by the fact that most of the Iroquois, except for the Oneidas, took the British side during the War of Independence..."
      "As to the early Europeans, the Dutch traders of Fort Orange (now Albany) initiated commerce with the Mohawk Valley Indians in the early 1600s... The Dutch traded alcoholic beverages, firearms, tools, and fabrics in exchange for land and beaver hides. In 1664 the British took control of New York State and the Mohawk Valley area came under the jurisdiction of Albany County from that time until about 1774 when it became Tryon county (in 1784 the area was renamed as Montgomery county, the western portion of which was set off in 1791 as Herkimer County). In modern times, Herkimer County bounded by Oneida County on the west and by Montgomery and Fulton Counties on the east. Prior to 1760 there was only limited settlement by the Dutch or English to the west of Schenectady, since the Mohawk region was vulnerable to incursion of the French and their Indian allies from Canada..." [N.B. Tryon was changed to Montgomery because Tryon followed the Tory cause whereas Montgomery was a patriot.]
      "With the exception of a few families, such as the Fondas, Schuylers, and Van Slykes, the Dutch and English seem to have been little induced to settle the Mohawk Valley, and so the opportunity fell to a group of immigrant Germans from the Palatinate, or lower Rhineland area in central Europe. Several thousand of these Palatines had left their German homelands, being much reduced in circumstance after years of warfare with France, and had gone to England at Queen Anne's invitation in 1709... The English temporarily housed many of these people in tents outside London and early in 1710 about 2,000 were placed aboard ships for passage to the American colonies, being promised land in New York in exchange for work in Hudson River camps, to be set up for the production of pitch for use in sealing naval vessels. There were delays in embarking and the Palatines were crowded into undersized and ill provisioned ships so that the Atlantic Ocean crossing itself became a tragedy in which, by New York Gov. Hunter's account, some 466 of them perished. From 1710 to 1712 the German immigrants required government subsidy, and the payment records by Gov. Hunter to heads of households survive (as in Knittle) and are referred to throughout this book as the NY Palatine Subsistence List. The pitch operations having failed, the Germans had to fend for themselves, moving for a while to contested lands in the Schoharie Valley west of Albany."
      "The Palatines remained a displaced people without land entitlement until September 1721 when the Albany City council endorsed their petition to purchase Mohawk Valley land, not closer to Albany then 40 miles west of Ft. Hunter. Then on October 16, 1721, New York Governor William Burnet, presumably wishing to see buffer settlements of a friendly population in the central Mohawk area, granted the appropriate license, which allowed the Palatines, in 1722, to purchase land from the Indians in the vicinity of where the West Canada creek flows into the Mohawk River. Upon completion of the survey of these lands in 1723, and in response to the request of Palatine leaders Joseph Petrie and Conrad Richaert, the deeds were prepared under the designation of the Burnetsfield Patent. At about the same time, other Palatines received land grants at Stone Arabia and elsewhere in the Mohawk Valley... the Burnetsfield Patentees... were wholly within the present county of Herkimer [as opposed to other area Palatines in other parts of the Valley]..."
      "From 1723 onwards, until the French and Indian Wars commenced, [the area] was generally at peace and the residents prospered to the extent that some writers have termed the community almost utopian. Wheat grew abundantly in the fertile soil and the accumulation of livestock and goods was extensive..."
      "At 3 a.m. on Nov. 12, 1757, disaster struck German Flats [as Herkimer was then known] in the form of a surprise raid by a French and Indian war party... 40 killed, 150 prisoners, and much booty taken... After the 1757 devastation there were periods of relief such as the negotiated return of some prisoners in 1758 and the building, in that same year, of Ft. Stanwix as a protective outpost about 35 miles west of German Flats. With the French surrender to English forces at Montreal in 1760, relative peace was restored to the Mohawk Valley, although occasional difficulties with the Indians required that the settlers maintain a more vigilant militia than had been required in earlier years..."
      "Of particular note to the modern-day researcher is the fact that many of the early... families both moved and visited up and down the Mohawk Valley, thereby necessitating the search of church records over a wide geographic area for the presence of relevant marriage and baptism entries. Of note also is the information value of the baptismal sponsors, as those individuals were usually of the same generation (except when a grandparent would be sponsor for a grandchild of the same given name) and most often were brothers or sisters of the parents."
      "The second devastation to fall upon… the surrounding... area came from alignments brought about by the American War of Independence. The British enrolled most of the area Indians, plus several Mohawk Valley settlers as well, to the Tory cause, and in August 1777 the bloody battle of Oriskany pitted former neighbor against neighbor... Oriskany turned the British back to Canada momentarily, but a year later they were back in a more nefarious form of military tactic, that of the hit and run assault on isolated settlements. From 1778 through 1782, the British waged a war of attrition in the Mohawk Valley, with members of raiding parties paid eight dollars for each scalp taken, regardless of the victim's combative status, sex, or age... Sometimes the settlers had to scramble quickly into the forts..."
      "By the end of the American Revolution, the... region was severely depleted in manpower and resources and a new phase of rebuilding began with the expansion westward of New Englanders, who were lured by the open lands of northern New York which had become available with the departure of the Indians. The resultant shift in population base was evident in the 1790 census when about a third of the... area people appear to be new arrivals of English extraction..."
      B. The following is from http://www.threerivershms.com/knittlesubsistence.htm with the following explanation: "'Early Eighteenth Century Palatine Emigration - A British Government Redemptioner Project to Manufacture Naval Stores,' by Walter Allen Knittle, Ph.D., Department of History, College of the City of New York, Published Philadelphia, 1937: The New York Subsistence List. This list was compiled from the "journal" of Palatine debtors to the British government for subsistence given either in New York City or in the Hudson River settlements, from their landing in 1710 to September, 1712. The list was found in the Public Record Office, C. O. 5/1230 and was corrected from the accompanying "ledger," C. O. 5/1231. As it seemed advisable to include some indication of the number in each family and since limitations of space forbade the inclusion of the six notations at various times given in the journal, only two notations have been given here, that is, the first in 1710 usually and the last in 1712 normally. Thus, with "Abelman, Johann Peter 2-1, 2-0," the size of the family signified is two adults and one child under ten years of age; by 1712 the child had died for we have noted only two adults. All children over ten years of age were given the full allowance for adults and were therefore not distinguished from more mature members of the family. Where only one notation of family size appears, the presumption is of death, or in the case of women, of marriage." The following are the only Frederick listings and I am not sure of the relation if any:
      Friderich, Conrad 4-0, 4-0
      Friderich, Hanns Adam 1-0, 2-0
      [Kerry's note: nothing similar to Saltz nor C(K)assadt.]
      [Kerry's note: Some LDS member generated genealogies have attempted to connect our Johan Peter Frederick to the Conrad Frederick listed on the Palatine list above. Conrad and Hans Adam Frederick are not apparently related per the following information contained in the book "The Palatine Families of New York, A Study of German Immigrants Who Arrived in Colonial New York in 1710," by Henry Z. Jones, Jr., 1985, pp.250-251:
      Conrad Friderich (Hunter Lists #212). Koenraat Fredrik, his wife and 2 ch. were recorded on Capt. Lionel Allan's ship in Holland in the 5th party of 1709 (Rotterdam Lists); on that same vessel were Palatines from the Nassau-Darmstadt region who also eventually settled in colonial N.J. (i.e. Koenraat and Bastiaan Meinsinger, Peter Wannemager and Adam Labag) (HJ). Conrad Friderich made his initial appearance on the Hunter Lists 1 July 1710 with 4 pers. over 10 yrs. of age in the household. Conrad Frederich aged 52, Anna Maria Frederich aged 45, John Peter Frederich aged 14, and John Conrad Frederich aged 13, remained in N.Y. City in 1710/11 (Palatines in NY City). Certain provisions were advanced to him as a settler on the Ramapo Tract: a bushel of wheat and 1 skipel of peas 9 Apr 1713, 6 fathoms of white roap 17 April 1713, 2 bushels of wheat 10 May 1713, and 2 bushels indian corne 26 May 1713 (Ramapo Tract Mss.). Conrad Friederich and his wife Anna Maria with 2 ch. were at Hackensack ca. 1716/17 (Simmendinger Register). A sp. in 1711 gave the maiden name of his wife Anna Maria as Wysing (NY City Ref. Chbk.). The ch. of Johan Conrad and Anna Maria were:
      a. Peter (Palatines in NY City), md. 15 or 19 Jun 1717 at Campua near Remobuch, NJ at Jacob Demuth's to Anna Dorothea Demuth (NY City Luth. Chbk.). Mr. Pieter Friederich was a delegate to a Luth. assembly in 1735 (Albany Protocol, p. 147). Issue:
      i. Anna Maria, bpt. 9 Jun 1718 at Remobuch and b. at Mauwe - sp. Joh: Cunrad Friedrich and Anna Maria Friedricks (NY Luth. Chbk.) She was conf. in 1734 (NY City Luth. Chbk.).
      ii. Anna Elisabetha, b. 19 Jun 1720 at Mauwee and bpt. at Remobuch - sp: Jacob Demuth and Anna Elisabeth; J.D. absent so Cunrad Friedrich stood (NY City Luth. Chbk.).
      iii. Conrad, bpt. 17 Feb 1723 - sp.: Coenraet Vrerikse and wife Maritie (Hackensack Ref. Chbk.). He may have been the Conrad Fredrick who md. Sarah ___ and had a child at Pompton Plains Ref. Church in 1746 (HJ).
      iv. Maria, b. 11 June 1731 at Wagha and bpt. Hackinsak - sp.: Friderich Demuth and wife Annatje (NY City Luth. Chbk.).
      b. Conrad (Palatines in NY City). He was conf. at NY 19 July 1710 (West Camp Luth. Chbk.) and sp. Cunrad Meyssinger at Hackinsack in 1720 (NY City Luth. Chbk.).
      Hanns Adam Friderich (Hunter Lists #213). Hans Adam Fredrig, his wife, and 1 child were on Capt. William Newton's ship in Holland in the 5th party of 1709 (Rotterdam Lists); he was surrounded on this roll by other emigrants from the Kraichgau region of Germany (i.e. Hans Michel Wechel, Josst Heyt, and Hans George Muller) (HJ). Johann Adam Friderich made his initial appearance on the Hunter Lists 4 Jul 1710 with 1 pers. over 10 yrs. of age. the family increased to 2 pers. over 10 yrs. of age on 4 Aug 1710; entries in the year 1712 showed 1 pers. over 10, 3 pers. over 10, and 2 pers. over 10 yrs. of age. Jno. Adam Friedrich: 1 man and 1 woman were in Ulster Co. in 1710/11 (West Camp Census). Johan Adam Frierich was nat. 8 and 9 Sept 1715 (Kingston Nats.). Johann Adam Friedrich and Regina Maria were at Beckmansland ca. 1716/17 (Simmendinger Register). Hans Adam Fredrick made his initial appearance on tax rolls in the North Ward in 1717/18 and continued until 1725/26 (Dutchess Co. Tax Lists)."]

      11. There is a Michael Frederick (Friederich) of nearby Guiderland in Albany, New York. Many have tried and continue to try to connect him to our Frederick family, but modern researchers have thoroughly shown that he is not related. Additionally he had sons Michael (who married Catherine Wagner) and Thebald (who married Margaret Merkle) who some have erroneously tried to make the sons of our Philip Frederick. Some of the confusion was that both separate families were partially recorded at the Schoharie Church (but never in conjunction with each other). Here is some of the published research:
      A. The book "Even More Palatine Families, 18th Century Immigrants to the American Colonies and their German, Swiss and Austrian Origins," v. 1, by Henry Z. Jones and Lewis Buncker Rohrbach, copy in Montgomery County, NY, Archives: "Michael Friederich and Gertrud, his wife, had among there is sue:
      a. Michael (HJ), d. 10 Nov 1813, aged 88 (Farm Cemetery at Horn stead, via Kenneth J. Frederick). He md. Catharine Elisabetha Wagner 21 Jan 1761. She d. Guilderland 29 Sept 1820 (all via Kenneth J. Frederick). Michel Friderich was conf. in 1746 (Lunenburg Lutheran Chbk.). Michel Fredereek was recorded on a list of the men under the command of Lieut. John M. Veeder and Ensign Gerret Banker in the colony of Rencelarswick in 1767 ('Report of the State Historian,' v. II, p. 819). Michel Friderick was on a tax list of the West Manor Rensselaerswyck in 1767 ('Upstate New York in the 1760s,' by Florence Christoph, p. 52. Michel Friedrick was on a list of freeholders and other inhabitants of New Dur Lack in Tryon Co. on 29 May 1775 ('Mohawk Valley in the Revolution,' by Maryly b. Penrose, p. 167).
      b. Stephan (HJ), md. 6 Nov 1753 Maria Esther Baumann (Schoharie Lutheran Chbk.).
      c. Johann Theobald, bpt. 25 Feb 1738/39 - sponsors Debald Hils, Jacob Snyder, and Apelonia Ostermannin (Schoharie Reformed Chbk.). Tebalt Frederck was recorded on a list of the men under the command of Lieut. John M. Veeder and Ensign Gerret Banker in the Colony of Rencelarswick in 1767 ('Report of the State Historian,' v. II, p. 819). He married Margaretha Merkle 19 Nov 1765, who d. 1 Feb 1835, aged 95 yrs. he d. 23 Dec 1838, just a few weeks shy of his 100th birthday (all via Kenneth J. Frederick).
      B. The book "Descendants of Michael Frederick," Kenneth J. Frederick, 1992, copy in the Montgomery Co., NY, Archives, copies of pertinent pages on file with me. Kenneth's book is very detailed and leaves no question that Michael with his three sons, Michael Jr., Stephan, and Tebalt were of a separate unrelated family. The book contains photos of the homesteads, detailed information on marriages, deaths, tombstones, and so forth. Kenneth has also studied and devoted a section of his book on his research of all other contemporaneous Frederick family records of the area to see if relationships existed with his branch. He includes this research so that the next generation of researchers will have forehand knowledge of the early Albany County Frederick relationships. He has determined conclusively that there is no relationship among the earliest pre-1740 Fredericks. He does however rely on the erroneous research of Alida Miller who incorrectly connects our Johan Peter Frederick to Conrad, then John, then to Kim Frederick and Alida Duyts of early New Amsterdam; he does however recognize that there appears to be some inconsistencies at Alida's Conrad connection.
      He remarks that the early Fredericks came to this country as devout Protestants and as concerned Christians it is not surprising that they insisted that their children's baptisms, marriages and burials be sanctified by whatever circuit rider man of God visited their farms after such a need arose, be that a German Lutheran rector, or a Dutch Reformed dominie, as long as all parties could converse in German. These riders came from the early churches in Albany, Rensselair, Schenectady, Schoharie, and Tryon counties [and even from New York City]. Even though they were quite diligent in recording the rites of the church they had administered on these trips in their home Church books, not always did they note the settlement which had been visited. As a consequence we see historians err time and again in pinpointing the exact location of their ancestors' first farms in America. This would provide some overlapping Frederick events in the same church records even though the two Frederick families in question were not related or even possibly knew of each other.
      Kenneth also takes a detail look into the two immigrants Conrad and Adam. His comments are based on the work of Henry Jones, whom I have already quoted elsewhere in these notes showing that they also were not related to our Johan Peter Frederick.
      Michael S. Frederick, Sr., was married to Gertrude Livingston (Loewenstein). The had sons Michael, Stephan, and Tebalt:
      a. Their son Michael md. Catherine Elizabeth Wagner on 21 Jan 1761 at St. Paul's Lutheran Church in Schoharie. Michael inherited the homestead with one third previously split off for his brothers Stephan and Tebalt. Michael and his wife lived on this homestead all their lives. He died 10 Nov. 1813 at the age of 88 (tombstone). Catherine died 29 Sep 1820. Despite Michael's late marriage he and his wife had a total of 11 children, five sons and six daughters. Michael appears to have been born in Germany and came to this country around 1738 in t