| Notes |
- RESEARCH_NOTES:
1. I am not yet sure what order this individual and siblings are ordered for birth. Their father, Hans Peter's will, has the following for order except that he lists all the boys before the girls. Order of sons are David, Jacob, John, and Daniel. Order of the daughters are Barbara, Eve, Christiana, Philipenia, and Ann. Donna Shell as cited below orders these siblings as follows [she does not show the eleventh child Michael]:
Eva, b. 1744 at Lancaster Co., PA.
Philipena, b. 1746 at Lancaster Co., PA.
Joseph, 1749 at Lancaster Co., PA.
Ann, 1752 at Lancaster Co., PA.
Christina, 1753 at Lancaster Co., PA.
Daniel, 1755 at Lancaster Co., PA.
David, 1757 at Lancaster Co., PA.
Jacob, 1759 at Lancaster Co., PA(?).
Barbara, 1767 at Frederick Co., MD.
John, b. 11 Sep 1768 at Frederick, MD.
Roy H. Wampler orders them as follows but he does note that his sequence is uncertain.
Eve, b. ca. 1744-46, PA.
Joh. Michael, b. 6 Oct 1747, PA; prob. died bef. 1792 since he is not mentioned in father's will.
Joh. Jacob, b. 1749, PA.
Anna Elisabetha or Ann, b. 28 Oct 1750, PA.
Philiptenia or Phoebe, b. ca. 1751/52, PA.
Barbara.
Joseph.
Christiana [Christina], b. ca 1760/61, PA.
David, b. 1765, PA.
John, b. 1768, PA.
Daniel, b. 1770, MD.
2. The following notes are from 23 Feb 2004 Rootsweb.com Worldconnect database ":480580" by Donna Shell with email dani5322@netzero.net:
a. Articles in book, "Heritage of Ashe Co., NC"; pgs. 263-272. [Kerry's note: I reviewed this book at FHL in Salt Lake City - FHL book 975.6835 D3h V.1] b. Books, "Wamplers in America," by G. M. Shouse - 929.273, W181 -sh; "Wampler Family History 1701-1980" by Fred Wampler 929.273 W 181-w. c. Paper on "John & Ludwig Wampler, Sons of the Immigrant Christian Wampler (1718-1765), with Notes on William Wampler (1813-1886)" by Roy H. Wampler, dtd. 15 July 1988. (I have a copy.) [Kerry's note: I reviewed this book at FHL in Salt Lake City - FHL book 929.273 W181wr.] d. A Deed, Record, N-505 of Frederick Co., MD was issued to Peter Wampler Jr. from Richard Coroxall on 15 Dec. 1770. This is evidence that Christina was most likely married in Frederick Co., MD. e. I now have her death date as bef 1834, because she didn't sign the deed on the property that Peter sold in 1834. Therefore, I assume Christina had died. This now means the death date, 10 Oct 1844, on her tombstone is wrong. f. "History of Harrison Co., IA," by National Publishing Co., dtd 1891, Pg 686. g. 1800 Census of Ashe Co., NC, compiled by Paul W. Gregory & Samuel E. Sebastian. h. 1810 Census of Ashe Co., NC, compiled by Paul W. Gregory & Samuel E. Sebastian.
3. The book "Pioneer Women of Faith and Fortitude" by the daughters of the Utah Pioneers for daughter Barbara Graybill Stoker, b. Apr 1792 at Ashe, NC, notes the Wamplers, Graybills, and Stokers were of German origin coming to this country in the mid-1700's and settling in Ashe County, NC. They were neighbors and friends, and their children grew up together. Barbara was the fifth child born to her parents. When she grew up, she married David Stoker. After a forest area of Ohio was cleared in the early 1800's, the main body of Stoker and Graybill relatives crossed the border into Ohio on Christmas Day, 1815. While living in Ohio, the Stokers became members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
4. I include a child for John Peter and Christina named Polly. The only place I have found this child is in the following book. There is no documentation and her inclusion here is somewhat tentative. There is a birthing gap of years between 1783 to 1787 in which another child or even another child could conceivably have also been born. FHL book 929.273 P684pn: "Graybill/Stoker/Eller/Smith/Koons/Pitt Connections," by Norman E. 'Gene' Pitt, 1996, pp. 6-8: "Polly Graybill, b. 24 Nov 1782, Ashe Co., NC."
5. Censuses:
1800 US: Ashe County, North Carolina. The total population for Ashe County, North Carolina in 1800 was 2785, including slaves. The 1800 Ashe County Census was the first for the northwestern most county in the Tar Heel State. This county was formed in late 1799 and included all of Wilkes County west of the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountain. The 977 square miles that then composed Ashe County has been further divided, first in 1849 to form Watauga County, North Carolina and again 10 years later to form Alleghany County. This record includes families who may have been living in those areas at the time. The original census was in rough alphabetic order, and this does not facilitate the research of particular communities. I include all interrelated families of this time and place to better show relationships. A word of explanation on some of these families:
A. Mary and Barbara Burkett who married Peter and David Graybeal, had a father named Christian - unsure as to which is correct of the two.
B. Elizabeth Eller appears to be Elizabeth Dick, the wife of Peter Eller who had just died per his probate of 1799.The one daughter is probably Mary; unsure who the two boys are since there should be three: Jacob, Henry, and George. John Eller would be Elizabeth's eldest son and married to Susannah Kerns.
C. Henry Graybeal would have recently married Celia Henson and also the eldest son of [John] Peter and Christina [Wampler] Graybill who also appear to be in this same census. Note that Peter evidently had owned slaves at that time - the census does not say how many.
D. One of the William Hensons could be somehow related to William Henson who marries Nancy Graybill and to Celia Henson who marries Henry Graybeal.
E. The two Koons are probably brothers and are sons of Devault Koon judging from their ages. This would make them uncles to George Koons who eventually marries Mary Eller.
F. James Lewis, b. abt. 1790, marries Christena Graybill in 1807 - there may be a connection with these two James Lewis.
G. William Pennington marries Barbara (or Elizabeth) Eller and may be the younger of the two here listed.
H. Michael Stucker is a misspelling for Michael and Catherine Eller Stoker with their three oldest children: Polly, David, and Elizabeth.
Head of Family; Males 0-9, 10-16, 16-26, 26-45, 45+; Females - 0-9, 10-16, 16-26, 26-45, 45+:
Burkett, Christian; 1-2-0-1-0; 1-0-2-0-0
Burkett, Christian; 4-1-0-1-0; 1-0-1-0-0
Eller, Elizabeth; 1-0-1-0-0; 0-0-1-0-1
Eller, John; 3-0-0-1-0; 1-0-0-1-0
Graybeal, Henry; 0-0-1-0-0; 2-0-1-0-0
Graybeal, Peter; 2-1-1-0-1; 3-1-0-0-1
Henson, William; 0-1-1-0-0; 2-0-1-0-0
Henson, William; 3-0-0-0-1; 1-1-1-0-0
Koons, George; 0-0-1-0-1; 0-0-0-0-1
Koons, John; 0-0-1-0-1; 0-1-2-0-1
Lewis, James; 2-2-1-0-1; 4-1-0-0-1
Lewis, James, Jr.; 1-0-1-0-0; 1-0-1-0-0
Pennington, William; 0-1-0-1-0; 1-2-1-0-1
Pennington, William; 0-0-1-0-0; 0-0-1-0-0
Stucker, Michael; 1-0-0-1-0; 2-0-0-1-0
1810 US: Ashe County, North Carolina; I include several related families in my database for this time and place. Some notes:
A. One of the two William Penningtons is married to an Eller - I assume it is the one with a younger wife.
B. One of the two Christian Burketts is probably the parent of Barbara and Mary who married Graybeal brothers.
C. James Lewis married Christina Graybill.
D. The older Peter Graybill would be John Peter and Christina Wampler Graybill. The other Peter and Henry would be their sons.
E. Adam Wilker could be Adam Welker, father of James Welker who later marries Elizabeth Stoker.
F. Surprisingly there is no Michael Stoker who should be there unless in adjoining county.
G. One of the two George Koons should be the George Koons of this database.
H. Not sure why two J. Ellers unless the transcriber inadvertently named the "J." as both Jacob when in fact the older one is John. Peter Eller would be a brother.
I. The older Peter Graybill would be John Peter Graybill, father of the other two Graybills: Henry and Peter [Jr.].
Head of Family; Males 0-9, 10-16, 16-26, 26-45, 45+; Females - 0-9, 10-16, 16-26, 26-45, 45+; Slaves:
Pennington, W. (William); 1-0-1-0-0; 2-0-1-0-0
Bourket C. (Christian); 2-2-2-0-1; 5-1-1-1-0
Wilker, A. (Adam); 0-1-2-0-1; 0-1-0-0-1
Graybill, H. (Henry); 3-0-0-1-0; 2-0-1-0-0
Lewis, J. (James); 1-0-1-0-0; 1-0-1-0-0
Graybill, P. (Peter); 0-1-0-1-0; 0-1-0-0-1
Graybeal, P. (Peter); 1-0-1-0-0; 1-0-1-0-0
Graybill, H.; 2-0-1-0-0; 3-0-0-1-0
Koons, G. (George); 2-0-0-1-0; 2-0-0-1-0
Pennington, W. (Wm); 2-0-1-0-0; 2-0-0-0-1
Eller, P. (Peter); 3-0-0-1-0; 2-0-0-1-0
Eller, J. (Jacob); 2-3-1-0-0; 2-0-0-1-0
Burket, C. (Christian); 4-1-0-0-1; 0-1-0-0-1
Koontz, G. (George); 1-0-0-1-0; 2-0-1-0-1; 3
Eller, J. (Jacob [John?]); 2-0-0-1-0; 1-0-1-0-0
1820 US: Madison Township, Jackson, Ohio, pg. 192, township had a little over 40 families; related families of Michael Stoker and Michael Graybill are in neighboring Bloomfield Township; columns are male 0-10, 10-16, 16-18, 16-26, 26-45, 45+// female 0-10, 10-16, 16-26, 26-45, 45+:
David Stoker: 2,1,0,1,0,0//1,0,0,1,0.
Peter Grabill: 1,0,0,1,0,1//0,0,2,0,1.
Nancy Henson: 0,1,0,1,0,0//0,1,1,1,0.
James McDaniel: 0,0,0,0,0,1//3,2,0,0,1.
6. The European surname was Wampfler which was anglicized to Wampler after Hans Peter Wampfler's immigration in 1741. All Wamplers today in America are descended from either Hans Peter or his brother Johann Christian who immigrated in 1747. The surname Wampfler in America is from other Wampfler immigrants from the mid-1800's when record keeping was more accurate and authorities were more sensitive to cultural spelling of names.
7. The book, FHL 929.273 w181wf, "A Wampler Family History," by Roy H. Wampler, Chevy Chase, MD, 1999, pp. 28-29, mentions this child in regard to an 1803 sale of a piece of property after the death of Barbara Wampler: "After his marriage, Peter Wampler continued to live in Lebanon (then Lancaster) County until at least 1759... By 1762 Peter Wampler was paying taxes in Reading Twp., Adams (then York) County PA, and on 7 Aug 1765 he was granted Warrant No. 2577 for 200 acres of land in Reading Township; the land was surveyed on 10 Dec 1765. In 1770 Peter Wampler purchased land in Frederick Co., Maryland, and he lived there until his death in 1792. His name also appears in land records of 1775, 1787, and 1792-94. The tracts which he bought in the 1770s were named 'Park Hall (or Pork Hill)' and 'Mattingsly.' It is known that these tracts are situated in the western part of present-day Carroll County, in the vicinity of New Windsor. A deed executed on 5 June 1792, shortly before his death, gives his occupation as 'Weaver.' Thus he followed the tradition of his European ancestors who had practiced the trade of weaving. A deed executed in 1793 (after his death) pertains to a 126-acre tract called "The Resurvey of Hunting Lot' which he had bought from Philip Fishburn and which according to his will, was to belong to his wife during her widowhood. In the 1790 census, Peter Wampler is listed as a head of family in Frederick County, MD, with two males of 16 years and upward, one male under 16 years, and three females comprising his household. Peter wrote his will on 8 Jun 1792, naming Martin Gerber/Garber Sr. as his executor, with Joshua Howard, Abraham Crumbacker and Philip Engler as witnesses. The will was probated on 30 Jun 1792... On 9 Feb 1796 the executor, Martin Gerber/Garber submitted his account to the Orphan's Court. He reported assets of 1561 pounds, 11 shillings, 1 penny, payments on behalf of the estate totaling 331.18.9, leaving a balance due the heirs of 1229.12.4. Among the payments were 270 pounds paid to Philip Fishburn (evidently to complete the purchase of a tract of land), various sums related to building a house for the widow as had been stipulated in Peter's will (including 9 shillings 9 pence paid to Jno. Grabell 'for whiskey for workmen'), and a legacy of 20 pounds which the testator left to Martin Garber 'for his trouble in settling the estate.' Abraham Hartman, one of Peter Wampler's sons-in-law, is mentioned as a workman on the widow's house. At the end of the executor's account is a statement: 'Then came Martin Garver, who being a Dunker, solemnly affirmed and declared that the aforegoing Acct is just and true as it stands stated...' Earlier, when the will was presented for probate, a similar statement was made: 'Then Abraham Crumbacker and Philip Engler, two of the subscribing witnesses to the aforegoing... will... solemnly affirmed and declared that they did see the Testator therein named Sign and Seal this will...' One can conclude that these two witnesses, as well as the executor, were of the Dunkard faith. Like the Quakers, the Dunkers refused to take oaths because of religious scruples; instead, they 'solemnly affirmed and declared' any statements which they were required to make in legal proceedings. According to Guy Edgar Wampler Jr., a 4th-great grandson of Hans Peter Wampler, Hans Peter became affiliated with the Dunkers in the 1760s... One matter remained to be settled after the death of Barbara Wampler in 1800. Peter Wampler had devised to his wife during her widowhood all the land that he had bought of Philemon Fishburn, and after her marriage or death this land was to be sold by his executor. The executor, Martin Garber, however, died before this duty could be discharged. Thus the matter fell into the domain of the Chancery Court. Particulars of the case are given in records of this court. David Wampler, one of Peter's sons, acted as plaintiff and the other heirs were named as defendants. The plaintiff's solicitor recited the pertinent facts: Peter Wampler on 8 June 1792, being seized of divers Real Estate, duly made his last will and testament, and he devised that the real estate should be sold by his executor, and he constituted Martin Garber his executor; the said executor died without discharging the trust reposed in him; Letters of Administration De Bonis Non were granted to the plaintiff, David Wampler. The Testator left the following children and heirs: David Wampler, Jacob, John, Daniel and Joseph Wampler; Barbara wife of John Warts; Eve wife of Henry Kinzig (Kinsey); Phebe wife of Jacob Engler; Christiana wife of Peter Graybill; Ane wife of Abraham Hartman; and Jacob Snider. On 4 Sep 1802 the court appointed David Wampler as trustee to sell the land; sureties were named. On 26 Mar 1803, the trustee, David Wampler, reported that the tract of land, known as 'The Resurvey of Hunting Lott,' had been sold to John Fox for 470 pounds 5 shillings. The final record shows that court costs were paid, and then each of the heirs (named above) received 1/11 of the balance, or 39 pounds 13 shillings 11-1/2 pence each. Before the trustee sold this property, he placed an advertisement in a newspaper of Frederick, MD: 'Chancery sale of tract, Resurvey of Hunting Lot, 1 mile from David Roop's Mill, near mouth of Beaver Dam creek, possessed by Peter Wampler, Frederick County, deceased - David Wampler, trustee.' [ i. F. Edward Wright, "Western Maryland Newspaper Abstracts (Vol. 2), 1799-1805," Family Line Publ., Silver Spring, MD; 1986, item 573, "Frederick-Town Herald," 19 Mar 1803.] From the information given in this notice one can determine that the property was located in present -day Johnsville District, Frederick County. Beaver Dam Creek flows northward through Johnsville District and runs into Little Pipe Creek. A German Baptist, or Dunkard, church was situated northeast of Johnsville, close to Beaver Dam Creek, and it is known that the Martin Garber family who bought land in this area in 1771 was active in the German Baptist community."
BIOGRAPHY:
1. Mentioned as the child Christiana Gabriel [Graybill] in Peter Wampler's will signed 8 June, 1792, probated 30 June, 1792; Source: Liber G. M. No. 2, Folio 444, Frederick County, Maryland; see Peter's notes for full transcription. Order of the daughters are Barbara, Eve, Christiana, Philipenia, and Ann.
2. Mentioned in great grandson William's biography per two sources: www.rootsweb.com/~iaharris/ and FHL book 977.747-H2n, partial excerpt: "History of Harrison County, Iowa," 1891, pp. 686, 687: "William A. Graybill... To learn something of his early career the reader will be informed that he was born July 28, 1840, in Adams County, Ill., and accompanied his parents, who were among the early pioneers to locate in Pottawattamie County, Iowa, coming, as they did, before Council Bluffs had an existence, that location then being known as Miller's Hollow. Our subject remained with his parents until 1864. For nine years prior his father, himself and brothers A. J. & L., kept bachelor's hall in Pottawattamie County. [His father] Simeon P. Graybill was born March 26, 1816, in Jackson County, Ohio, and was the son of Mr. Graybill, a native of New York and of German ancestry. The father, Michael Graybill, was the son of Peter Graybill, who was born in Pennsylvania and married Christena Wampler, who had been taken prisoner by the Delaware Indians when a child and kept with the tribe for seven years and then returned to her parents. Peter Graybill was a son of John Graybill who came from Germany in the days of the Revolutionary War. Simeon Graybill's father, Michael, was married to Polly Stoker, in Ashe County, N. C., May 1811, removed to Jackson County, Ohio, and reared a family of eleven children: David, Catharine, Simeon, Levi, George, Lenore, Julian, Michael, Mary Ann, Elizabeth and Sidney."
3. Mentioned in the book "The Howard Leytham Stoker Von Dollen Family Histories," FHL 929.273 H833a, by Doris Lewis, 2017 So. 80th Ave., Omaha, Nebraska, 68124, pp. 90-91: "Polly Stoker, also called Mary, was the oldest child of Michael Stoker and Catherine Eller. Her mother lived with Polly in her old age in Pottawattamie County, Iowa. In North Carolina Polly married Michael Graybill, born May 14, 1787 to Peter Graybill and Christina Wampler, both natives of North Carolina and children of German parents. When Christina was five years old she had been stolen by Delaware Indians, but had been returned to her family when twelve. Her families were Dunkards or Anabaptists, both groups stemming from German Protestants. The Graybills lived in the German communities of early America, Lancaster County in Pennsylvania, Frederick County in Maryland and Ashe County in North Carolina. After a forest area of Ohio had been cleared in the early 1800's, the main body of Stoker and Graybill relatives crossed the northwest line into Ohio on Christmas Day, 1815. Some Graybills moved into Indiana where they married the daughters of John Smith and Massie Koons, great granddaughters of Peter Eller. In 1837, The Graybills left Ohio and Indiana for Caldwell County in Missouri. During the Mormon persecutions in Missouri, they fled to Illinois, coming to Pottawattamie County in Iowa in 1846-48. Vivian Graybill, of Independence, Missouri, has worked on the Graybill genealogy for many years and since he plans to publish a book with a great amount of detailed information I will not list the names of their complete families."
4. Possibly referred to in the following from the book "The Howard Leytham Stoker Von Dollen Family Histories," FHL 929.273 H833a, by Doris Lewis, 2017 So. 80th Ave., Omaha, Nebraska, 68124, p. 87: Michael Stoker, the son of (John) Michael Stoker, was a 28 year old bachelor in Wilkes County, NC when the US census was taken in 1790. The farm which Michael Stoker bought from John Dick was on the north fork of New River in Ashe County. (The boundary line had been changed from Wilkes.) In 1792 Michael married Catherine Eller, the oldest daughter of Peter Eller and Elizabeth Dick. The Ellers and Dicks were settlers in this same area and all of Michael and Catherine's children, except Eller, were born and raised among numerous family members in North Carolina. In 1815, the family joined a migration of relatives moving west into Ohio. This party of Graybills and Stokers, all ages from babies to the elderly crossed the border into Ohio on Christmas Day, 1815. Michael and his son David, who had just turned 21, took part in the first election held in Jackson County on April 1, 1816. John Michael Stoker, Michael's father, settled in Perry County, Ohio, about 60 miles north..."
5. FHL book 929.273 P684pn: "Graybill/Stoker/Eller/Smith/Koons/Pitt Connections," by Norman E. 'Gene' Pitt, 1996, pp. 6-8, note that this book has some downline of the children of this couple: "John Peter Graybill, b. 3 Oct 1762, possibly in Lancaster or York Co., PA; d. 1 May 1848 (or 1845?), Vega, Bloomfield Twp., Jackson Co., OH; bur. at Vega; md. abt 1799, Frederick Co., MD to Christena Wampler. She was b. 1760, Frederick Co., MD; d. 1844, Jackson Co., OH. She was the d/o Peter and Barbara Wampler. When still a child, Christena, her younger sister and a neighbor child were kidnapped by the Delaware Indians. They were held for about seven years before they were released or rescued. The family knew they had the correct children when Christena sang lullabies that her mother had taught her. Their children included John, Polly, Peter Jr., Henry, Michael Peter, Nancy Mary, Christena, David, Joseph, and Elizabeth. Note that the children may not be in the proper order, and some later may have taken the name Graybeal, Grabill, Grabel or Grable. The reader should refer to all alternate surname spellings, since they may have been found by various spellings in various records."
6. Mentioned in their son Michael's biography in the FHL book 929.273 P684pn: "Graybill/Stoker/Eller/Smith/Koons/Pitt Connections," by Norman E. 'Gene' Pitt, 1996, pp. 17-24, note that this book has a considerable downline of the children of this couple: "Michael Peter Graybill, b. 14 May 1787, Jefferson, Wilkes Co. (now Ashe Co.), NC; d. 24 Sep 1856, Council Bluffs, Pottawattamie Co., IA; bur. in the Graybill-Stoker Pioneer Cemetery; Pottawattamie Co,., IA; md. 1811, Ashe Co., NC to Mary 'Polly' Stoker. Michael was the s/o John Peter Graybill and Christena Wampler. Polly was b. 24 Nov 1792, Ashe Co. [Wilkes], NC; d. 18 Feb 1864, Pottawattamie Co., IA; bur. in the Graybill-Stoker Pioneer Cemetery. She was the eldest child of Michael Stoker and Catherine Eller... Michael and Polly left North Carolina probably in early 1816, and settled in Bloomfield Twp., Jackson Co., OH. Michael's parents, Peter Sr. and Christena (Wampler) Graybill, accompanied them; also, Michael's brother Henry and sister Barbara who had married Polly's brother David Stoker. Polly's parents, Michael and Catherine (Eller) Stoker, and other Stokers also made the journey with them. [Also John Graybill?] In the early 1830's, the family was visited by Missionary John Fisher from Bloomfield Twp. and was introduced to the early Latter Day Saints church. Those who were old enough were baptized in 1833. Involved in the church, Michael Graybill Sr. and related families anxiously followed the news from Independence, MO. The wanted to gather with the Saints in Caldwell Co., MO to be part of Zion, the new Jerusalem. Michael sold his farm to his father, Peter Graybill Sr., who along with Henry, Michaels' brother, and sister Celia (Graybill) Henson, decided to stay in OH. In 1836, Michael and other relatives packed to make the trip to Far West, MO. They spent the winter with Stoker relatives in Monroe Co., IN, then arrived at Far West in September 1837..."
7. FHL 929.273 book "A Wampler Family History," by Roy H. Wampler, 1999, provides a very good and extensive history of the descendants of Hans Peter Wampler. The biography for Christina is spotty and basically passthrough from other databases already seen by me. He does add a reference to "Chancery Court, Vol. B54, pp. 318-325, David Wampler vs. the Heirs of Peter Wampler; proceedings dated 4 Sep 1802 to 5 Oct 1803, Maryland State Archives, Annapolis, MD." I have not seen the document but it appears to be about 10 years after the 1792 will of Hans Peter Wampler.
BIOGRAPHY_INDIAN_CAPTIVITY:
1. FHL book 929.273 P684pn: "Graybill/Stoker/Eller/Smith/Koons/Pitt Connections," by Norman E. 'Gene' Pitt, 1996, pp. 6-8: " When still a child, Christena, her younger sister and a neighbor child were kidnapped by the Delaware Indians. They were held for about seven years before they were released or rescued. The family knew they had the correct children when Christena sang lullabies that her mother had taught her. "
2. FHL 929.273 W181sh book "Wamplers in America," by Genevieve M. Shouse, pp. 5-6: "In the year 1757 there was much unrest and fear in Lebanon Township. The Shawnee and Delaware Indians were murdering and abducting many person ther. A letter written on 11 Aug 1757 from Hanover, Lancaster Co., PA, to the Governor of Pennsylvania read in part: '...We hear from Lebanon Township, Lancaster County, that on last Friday, four children were carried off by the Indians...'" Mrs. Shouse then quotes the Oct. 13, 1757 Pennsylvania Gazette article already quoted below; however, she seems unaware of the 1765 subsequent article which names two Wampler Children. She then continues: "The names of the children who were abducted are unknown. Some researchers of this line believe that two of the children were Eva and Christina. No proof has been found to substantiate this."
3. From copies in my files of the actual newspapers cited below sent to me from the City of Philadelphia, The Free Library of Philadelphia, 1901 Vine Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-1189:
A. "The Pennsylvania Gazette," October 13, 1757; p. 2: "By a letter from Hanover Township, in Lancaster County, dated the First Instant, we learn, that the children mentioned in our last to be carried off from Lebanon Township, belonged to one Peter Wampler; that there were five of them, and taken away while their Father and Mother were gone to the Meadow for a Load of Hay; and that the Indians likewise took from the House what they thought most valuable, and destroyed what they could not carry away, to a considerable Value. In the same Letter it is said, that the Frontiers are almost without Inhabitants; and that that Day, and the Day before, several Creatures were killed by the Enemy in Hanover Township and that on the Thursday before four People were killed in Berks County, and four made Prisoners, near the North-Kill, by a Party of Indians, supposed to be about Fifty."
B. "The Pennsylvania Gazette," January 17, 1765; Numb. 1882, p. 97; note the list has 207 names divided by those from Virginia and those from Pennsylvania. The list is then further divided between males and then females and Children. Both Wamplers are under Pennsylvanian females and Children. The list is signed by Lewis Ourry, Assistant Deputy Quarter-Master-General: "List of Captives taken by the Indians, and delivered to Colonel Bouquet, by the Mingoes, Delawares, Shawanese, Wyondots and Mohickons, at Tuscarawas and Muskingam, in November, 1764. Pennsylvanians - Females and Children, ...Christina Wampler... Christopher Wampler.."
4. Detailed historical account of Colonel Bouquet's military expedition for the release of 206 Indian captives including Christina Wampler from the website <http://www.pa-roots.com/~treasures/pa/indiana/caldwells/ch26/indianbarbaritiesatthecommencementoftheyear1764etc.pdf>; I am unsure of the name of the book from which this was taken. Transcript:
Page 1:
"INDIAN BARBARITIES at The COMMENCEMENT of The YEAR 1764 - COL. BRADSTREET'S EXPEDITION To The UPPER LAKES - COL. BOUQUET'S SECOND EXPEDITION - HIS ADVANCE To THE
INDIAN TOWNS ON The MUSKINGUM - The SUBMission of The SavageS - The DELIVERY of The CAPTIVES To The WHITES - The FINAL TREATY of PEACE. DURING the winter of 1764, there was a cessation of the hostilities on the part of the Indians. Stricken with terror at the defeat and slaughter of their warriors at the battle of Brush creek, in Western Pennsylvania, by the army under Col. Bouquet, they retired farther into the forests and abandoned their usual haunts east of the Muskingum. But they retired only to prepare themselves for a renewal of hostilities in the ensuing year. The inhabitants on the frontiers being lulled into fancied security, by the stillness that reigned in the Indian camps during the winter, were awakened in the spring by the terrors of the war-whoop to all the horrors of savage barbarity. In several and distinct places they fell upon the border settlements, and wherever they went desolation and blood marked their trails. Alarm and suffering were again abroad among the inhabitants, and the whole frontier was the theatre of murdered families and burning dwellings.
It was therefore resolved that a decisive blow should be struck, and the merciless depredators be awed into silence and subjection. It was proposed to attack them at two different points, and "carry the war in the heart of their own country." With this view, Col. Bradstreet was sent, with a body of troops, to act against the Wyandotts, Ottawas, Chippewas, and other nations living in the vicinity of the lakes; while Colonel Bouquet should pass an army through Pennsylvania into Ohio, and attack the Delawares, Shawanese, Mingoes, Mohicans and other nations between the Ohio and the Lakes. These two divisions of the army were to act in concert. Col. Bradstreet was to proceed to Detroit, and Michilimackinac, in the first place, and on his return he was ordered to encamp and remain at Sandusky, to awe and hold in check the numerous north-western tribes, so as to prevent then from sending any assistance to the Ohio Indians, while Colonel Bouquet should march from Fort Pitt, and attack them in their settlements upon the Muskingum. Active measures were taken to raise the requisite number of troops for the expedition of Colonel Bouquet. A part of two regiments of the regular army, to be joined by the troops of Pennsylvania and Virginia, and two hundred friendly Indians, were to compose the army under Colonel Bouquet. The Indians never came, and the depredations of the savages upon the frontier of Virginia, employed all her troops for the defence of her frontier. In Pennsylvania, the Assembly passed a bill for raising one thousand men, which received the sanction of the Governor on the thirtieth of May; but the complement of forces was not obtained until the beginning of August. On the fifth of that month, the troops assembled at Carlisle, under their officers, Colonel Reid, Lieutenant-Colonel Francis, and Lieutenant-Colonel Clayton. Colonel Bouquet, accompanied by Governor John Penn, having arrived and taken command, the Governor addressed the Pennsylvania battalions, with a view to inspirit the soldiery, and to deter them from desertion. He adverted to the propriety of chastising the Indians, for their repeated and unprovoked barbarities on the inhabitants of the province: a just resentment of which, added to the courage of our provincial troops on former occasions, would, he did not doubt, animate them to do honor to their country. He told them that they were to be united to the same regular troops and under the same able commander, who had on that very day, the memorable fifth of August, in the preceding year, sustained the repeated attacks of the savages, and obtained over them a complete victory. He concluded be reminding them of the exemplary punishment that would be inflicted for the desertion should any one, forgetting the duty which he owed the country and the solemn oath he had taken, be guilty of the crime. The army then commenced its march, and on the thirteenth of August reached Fort Loudon. After all the precaution to prevent desertion, it was found that not less that three hundred of the Pennsylvania troops were missing. Application was immediately made to the Governor to replace the number by enlistment. The Governor gave the order, but the men were never raised. An application to the Governor of Virginia was more successful, and the requisite number joined Colonel Bouquet as Fort Pitt, in the latter end of September. While at Fort Loudon, Colonel Bouquet received dispatches from Colonel Bradstreet, dated August fourteenth, informing him that a treaty of peace had been concluded by him with the Delawares and Shawanese; but as these savages continued their murders and depredations, Colonel Bouquet placed no confidence in their sincerity, and resolved to prosecute his enterprise, and to force, if possible, the savages [page 2] from the frontiers. The propriety of his course was soon obvious. The express sent to Colonel Bradstreet, from Fort Pitt, with the answer to his communication, was murdered, and his head placed on a pole in the middle of the road.* The treaty entered into by the Indians was merely to gain time to remove their families.â€
Colonel Bouquet arrived at Fort Pitt on the Fifteenth day of September. Shortly afterwards ten Indians appeared on the opposite side of the Allegheny river, and desired a conference. It was apprehended that it was a stratagem to learn the strength of the fort. They were requested to come over the river, but seemed unwilling. Three of the party, at length crossed over; but, giving no satisfactory reason for their visit, they were detained as spies, and their associates fled back to their towns.
On the twentieth of September, one of the Indians detained at the fort was sent to the towns on the Muskingum with the following message: "I have received an account from Colonel Bradstreet that your nations had begged for peace, which he consented to grant, upon assurance that you had recalled all your warriors from the frontiers; and in consequence thereof, I would not proceed against your towns, if I had not heard that, in open violation of your engagements, you have since murdered several of our people. As soon as the rest of the army joins me, which I expect immediately, I was therefore determined to have attacked you, as a people whose promises can no more be relied upon. But I will put it once more in your power to save yourselves and your families from total destruction, by giving us satisfaction for the hostilities against us. And, first, you are to leave the path open for my expresses, from hence to Detroit; and as I am now to send two men with dispatches to Colonel Bradstreet, who commands on the Lakes, I desire to know whether you will send two of your people with them to conduct them safe back with an answer? And if they receive any injury either going or coming, or if the letters are taken from them, I will immediately put the Indians now in my power to death, and will show no mercy in future to any of your nation that may fall into your hands. I allow you ten days to have my letters delivered at Detroit, and ten days to bring back an answer." About this time two Indians, an Onondago and an Oneida, came to Fort Pitt, with many professions of ancient friendship for the English, and endeavored to persuade Colonel Bouquet to abandon his design of marching against the Ohio Indians. They represented the expedition as dangerous, on account of the powerful and numerous tribes living in that region that would be arrayed against him. They recommended the dismissal of the two Indians detained at the fort, and gave assurances that if no hostile movements were made, the Indians would come and make peace. But these assurances being looked upon as a scheme to delay the march of the troops, till the lateness of the season would prevent them from proceeding, Colonel Bouquet answered that dependence could no longer be placed upon their promises, and that he would proceed to Tuscarawas, and either meet them in battle, or have a treaty permanently ratified. On the third day of October, Colonel Bouquet, with fifteen hundred men, departed from Fort Pitt, marched about a mile and a half over a rich level country and encamped for the might. The next morning, the army proceeding about two miles, came to the Ohio, at the beginning of the narrows, and then followed the course of the river along the beach. The next day they passed through Logstown, seventeen miles and a half from Fort Pitt. This place was noted for many years for the great trade carried on with the Indians, by the English and French. The Delawares and Shawanese abandoned it in 1750' and it was taken possession of by the Mingoes. It was deserted by the Mingoes after the battle of Brush Creek. The lower town extended about sixty perches over a rich bottom to the foot of a low steep ridge, on the summit of which, near the declivity, stood the upper town, and quite across the Ohio, which, by its majestic, easy curr4ent, added much to the beauty of the place. The following day, the army passing over a steep ridge, crossed Big Beaver Creek, twenty perches in depth. It runs through a rich vale, with a strong current; its banks are high, and the upland adjoining it very good, covered with tall young timber. About a mile lrom its confluence with the Ohio, stood formerly a large town on a steep bank, built by the French for some Shawanese, Delawares and Mingoes. The houses were constructed of square logs, with stone chimnies. It was abandoned in 1758, when the French were driven from Fort Duquesne. Near the fording of Beaver Creek, stood also several houses, which were deserted and destroyed by the Indians, after their defeat at Brush Creek. ____
* Gordon's History of Pennsylvania, p. 435.
†Penn. Gazette, 1764
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Two miles before the army reached Beaver, a person who had escaped from the Indians, came in. He had been taken about a week before, near Fort Bedford, by six Delawares. He stated that the Indians had seen the army the day before, but kept aloof, being awed by its numbers.* On the thirteenth of October, Colonel Bouquet, with his army, arrived at Tuscarawas, near the forks of the Muskingum. This place was found to be exceedingly beautiful, the lands rich on both sides of the river, - the country on the north-west side being a level plain for more than five miles in circumference. While the army remained in the camp here, the two men who had been sent by Colonel Bouquet the Colonel Bradstreet at Detroit, arrived. They reported that they had been made prisoners by the Delawares, within a few miles of this place, and taken about sixteen miles to one of their towns, there they were kept until the savages learning the arrival of the army, set them at liberty, ordering them to say the Colonel Bouquet that the Chiefs of the Delawares and Shawanese are coming to negotiate a peace.
The next day Colonel Bouquet proceeded two miles further down the Muskingum, and encamped on a high bank. The next day the Indians came to inform him, that all their chiefs were assembled about eight miles distant, and were ready to enter into a treaty with him, and were earnestly desirous of peace. He returned an answer, that he would meet them the next day in a bower a some distance from the camp. In the meantime he built a small stockade fort for the deposit of provisions, for the use of the troops on their return and to lighten the convoy. On the seventeenth of October, Colonel Bouquet, attended by a portion of the regular troops, the Virginia volunteers, and the light horses, repaired to the bower that had been erected for the conference. Shortly after the troops had been arranged so as to appear to the best advantage, the Indians arrived at the place appropriated for them. Of the Delawares, two tribes were present, numbering twenty warriors, with their respective chiefs, Custaloga and Beaver. Of the Shawanese, Keissinautchtha, a deputy from the chiefs, and six warriors. And of the Kiyashnta, Custaloga, Beaver and Turtle-Heart, were the chief speakers. Being seated, they first smoked the calumet of peace; after which, they laid them aside, and addressed Colonel Bouquet at length. The substance of which they had to offer consisted in excuses for their treachery and misconduct, throwing the blame on the rashness of their young men, and the nations living to the westward of them; sueing for peace in an humble manner, and promising severally to deliver up all their prisoners. After they had concluded, the Colonel promised to give them an answer the next day, and after dismissing them returned with the army to camp. On account of unfavorable weather, the next meeting did not take place until the twentieth, when Colonel Bouquet, replied, "that their pretances to palliate their guilt by throwing the blame on the Western nations, and the rashness of their young men, were weak and frivolous, as it was in the power of the English to protect them against all these nations, if they had solicited assistance, and that it was their own duty to have chastised their young men when they did wrong, and not to suffer themselves to be directed by them.
He recapitulated to them the many instance of their former perfidy; their killing and captivating the traders who had been sent among them, at their own request, and plundering their effects; their attacking Fort Pitt, which had been built with their express consent; their murdering four men that had been sent on a public message to them, thereby violating the customs held sacred among all nations, however barbarous; their attacking the English army at Brush creek, and after being defeated, falling upon the frontier and continuing to murder. He also referred to their treacherous violation of their late engagements with Colonel Bradstreet, in which they stipulated to deliver up all their prisoners by the tenth of September last, and to recall all their warriors from the frontiers. sh will no longer be imposed upon by your promises. This army shall not leave your country, until you have fully complied with every condition that is to precede a treaty with you."
"I have brought with me, the relations of the people you have massacred, or taken prisoners. They are impatient for revenge; and it is with difficulty that I can protect you against their resentment, which is only restrained by the assurances given them, that no peace shall ever be concluded till you have given full satisfaction.
____
* The facts in relation to the march of the army, are mostly taken from Hutchens' Historical Account of Bouquets Expedition, published in Craig's Olden Time, No. 6, pp. 241, 263; and Appendix, pp. 143, 166.
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"Your former allies, the Ottawas, Chippewas, Wyandotts, and others, have made peace with us. The Six Nations have joined us against you. We now surround you, having possession of all the waters of the ohio, the Mississippi, and the Lakes. All the French living in those parts are now subjects of Great Britain, and dare no longer assist you. It is therefore in our power totally to extripate you from being a people. But the English are a merciful and generous nation, averse to shed the blood even of their most cruel enemies; and if it were possible that you could convince us that you sincerely repent of your past perfidy, and that we could depend on your good behavior for the future, you might yet hope for mercy and peace. If I find you faithfully execute the following preliminary conditions, I will not treat you with the severity you deserve. I give you twelve days to deliver into my hands all the prisoners in your possession, without any exception; Englishmen, Frenchmen, women and Children, whether adopted in your tribes, married, or living amongst you under any denomination and pretence, whatsoever, together will all the Negroes. And you are to furnish the said prisoners with clothing, provisions and horses, to carry them to Fort Pitt. When you have fully complied with these conditions, you shall then know on what terms you may obtain the peace you ask.* The decided tone of this speech had the desired effect. The determined spirit in which it was delivered, the boldness of the army in penetrating into the wilderness, which they had deemed impassible by regular troops, and the vigilance of the commander who had signally defeated them a Bushy run, had the desired effect, and awed them into a desire for peace. At the close of the former conference on the seventeenth, the two Delaware chiefs delivered eighteen white prisoners, and also eighty-three small sticks expressing the number of other prisoners in their possession, promising to release them as soon as possible. None of the Shawanese Sachems appeared at the conference, and their deputy, Keissinautchtha, declined speaking until Colonel Bouquet had answered the Delawares, and then with dejected sulleness, he promised in behalf of his nation, to submit to the terms agreed upon by the other tribes. As the presence of the army was the best security for the performance of the promises of the Indians, Colonel Bouquet determined to march further into the country, and required some of each nation to attend him on his march. And before they separated, Kiyashta, the leading sachem, addressed the chiefs and warriors of the several nations, desiring them "to be strong in complying with their engagements, that they might wipe away the reproach of their former breach of faith, and convince their brothers, the English, that they could speak the truth," adding "that he would conduct the army to the place appointed for receiving the prisoners."†Colonel Bouquet declined shaking hands with the chiefs at the close of this meeting, and as they appeared dissatisfied, he told them that the English never took their enemies by the hand until peace was finally concluded.‡ The council then separated.
On the twenty-second day of October, the army began its march to the place appointed to receive the prisoners. But arriving at a place about a mile from the forks of the Muskingum, and thirty miles from the place of holding the late council, Colonel Bouquet concluded to encamp, it being in the midst of their towns and settlements. Four redoubts were built opposite the four angles of the camp; the ground in front was cleared, a store-house erected for provisions, and also a house to receive the Indians for the purpose of holding a council, upon their return with the prisoners. Messengers now arrived in camp from the Delawares and Shawanese, with information that the prisoners were already on their way, in charge of the Indians; and a Caughnawaga chief and twenty warriors presented themselves to Colonel Bouquet, with a letter from Colonel Bradstreet, in answer to the one which had been sent, by two Indians from Fort Pitt. The substance of this communication was, that Colonel Bradstreet had settled nothing with the several Indian tribes, and had recovered no prisoners - and that he found it impossible any longer to co-operate with Colonel Bouquet. It is important to say what would have been the effect of his determination, if Colonel Bouquet had not been in possession of the Indian territory with his army, and had the chiefs of the several tribes with him. On Friday, the ninth of November, the Colonel, attended by most of the principal officers, went to the council-house. Most of the prisoners had now arrived, and were given up, amounting to two hundred and six. Almost one hundred were still in possession of the Shawanese, which were delivered up in the ____
* Hutchins' Historical account of the expedition of Colonel Bouquet, against the Indians, in 1764, published in Craig's Olden Time, Vol. 1, page 246, 248.
†Hutchens' Historical Account, in Craig's Olden Times, Vol. I. p. 248, 249.
‡ Hutchens' Historical Account, in Craig's Olden Times, Vol. I. p. 249.
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following spring. The conference was first opened with the Senecas and Delawares. Kiyashuta and ten warriors represented the former, Custaloga and twenty warriors the latter. Kiyashuta, Sachem of the Senecas, arose and spoke as follows: "With this string of wampum, we wipe away the tears from your eyes - we deliver you these three prisoners, which are the last of your flesh and blood that remained among the Senacas and Custaloga tribe of Delawares.* We gather together and bring with this belt,†all the bones of the people that have been killed during this unhappy war, which the evil spirit occasioned among us. We cover the bones that have been buried, that they may be never more remembered. We again cover their place with leaves, that it may be no more seen. As we have been long astray, and the path between you and us stopped, we extend this belt, that it may again be cleared, and we may travel in peace to see our brethren as our ancestors formerly did. While you hold it fast by one end, and we by the other, we shall always be able to discover anything that may disturb our friendship." Colonel Bouquet replied, that he received the last prisoners and heard with much gratification the speech of Kiyashuta. He was ready to join in burying the bones of the victims of this war, so that their places might be no more seen. The peace asked for should now be had. But as he was a warrior, other persons would be commissioned to make a treaty with them. He then required two hostages from each tribe, as a security against further hostilities, and that deputies should be sent fully empowered to treat for all the tribes, with Sir William Johnson, at Fort Pitt; and in that treaty everything should be settled to render the peace everlasting. This was done, when he took the chiefs by the hand for the first time which gave them great joy. The next day Colonel Bouquet met King Beaver, chief of the two other tribes of the Delawares, with thirty warriors, when the same ceremonies took place between them as on the preceding day, with the other tribes. He presented six hostages, and five deputies, to treat for peace. The Shawanese met Colonel Bouquet in council, on the twelfth of November. Although this nation saw themselves under the necessity of yielding to the same Conditions with the other tribes, yet there appeared a reluctance and sullen haughtiness in their conduct, which rendered it very suspicious. Their chiefs and forty warriors were present, also about sixty warriors, and their chiefs, of the Senecas and Delawares. The Red Hawk was their speaker, and he delivered himself with a strange mixture of pride and submission. The following extracts the specimens: "BROTHER: - You will listen to us your younger brethren; and as we discover something in your eyes, that prevents you from being satisfied with us, we will wipe it away that you may clearly see. You had heard many bad stories of us. We clear your ears that you may hear. We remove every bad thing from your heart, that it may be like the heart of your ancestors when they thought nothing but good. "When we saw you coming this road, you advanced towards us, with an uplifted tomahawk in your hand; but we take it out of your hands to throw it to the GOOD SPIRIT, to dispose of as he pleases. And now brother, who are yourself a warrior, we ask you to take hold of this chain of friendship, and receive it from us, who are also warriors, and let us think no more of war, in pity to our old men, women and Children. "Now, brother, I beg that we who are warriors may forget our disputes, and renew the friendship which appears by these papers, which I hold in my hand, to have subsisted between our fathers. A number of prisoners were delivered up, and hostages given to Colonel Bouquet, as security for the promised treaty of peace. Red Hawk pledged himself in behalf of the rest of the nation, who were absent as a great distance, in hunting, that they certainly should come to Fort Pitt in the spring, and bring the remainder of the prisoners with them. This pledge was afterwards faithfully redeemed. The basis of a treaty now being effected, the prisoners were brought into camp. The occurred a scene of thrilling interest; where were to be seen fathers and mothers recognizing and clasping their once lost babes; husbands hanging around the necks of their newly recovered wives; sisters and brothers unexpectedly meeting together after long separations, scarce able to speak the same language, or for some time, to be sure they were children of the same parents! In all these interviews, joys and rapture inexpressible were seen, while feelings of a very different nature were painted in the looks of others, flying from place to place in eager enquiries after relations not found! trembling to receive an answer to their questions! distracted with doubts, hopes and fears, on obtaining no account of those sought for! or stiffened ____
* The others had been delivered up previously.
†The speaker always delivers a belt or string, at the time it is mentioned.
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into living monuments of horror or woe, on learning their unhappy fate. The Indians, too, as if wholly
forgetting their usual savageness, bore a capital part in heightening these most affecting scenes. They delivered up their beloved captives with the utmost reluctance, shed torrents of tears over them, recommending them to the care and protection of the commanding officer, and continuing their regard to them all the time they remained in the camp. They visited them from day to day; brought them what corn, skins, horses, and other matters, they had bestowed on them while in their families; accompanied with other presents, and all the marks of the most sincere and tender affection. Nay, they did not stop here, but, when the army marched, some of the Indians solicited and obtained leave to accompany their former captives all the way to Fort Pitt, and employed themselves in hunting provisions for them on the road. A young Mingo went still further, and gave an instance of love which would make a figure even in romance. He had taken such a liking to a Virginia young woman, who was amongst the captives, as to call her his wife. Against all remonstrances of the imminent danger to which he exposed himself by approaching the frontiers, he persisted in following her at the risk of being killed by the surviving relations of many unfortunate persons, who had been captivated or scalped by those of his nation. These qualities in savages challenge our just esteem. They should make us charitably consider their barbarities as the effects of wrong education and false notions of bravery and heroism; while we should look on their virtues as sure marks that nature has made them fit subjects of cultivation as well as us; and that we are called on by our superior advantages to yield them all the help we can in this way. Cruel and unmerciful as they are, by habit and long example in war, yet, whenever they come to give way to the native dictates of humanity they exercise virtues which Christians need not blush to imitate. When they once determined to give life, they gave everything with it, which, in their apprehension, belongs to it. From every inquiry that has been made, it appears that no woman thus saved is preserved for base motives, or need fear the violation of her honor. No child is otherwise treated by the persons adopting it, that the children of their own body. The perpetual slavery of those captivated in war is a notion which even their barbarity has not yet suggested to them. Every captive, whom their affection, their caprice, or whatever else, leads them to save, is soon incorporated with them, and fares alike with themselves. Among the captives, a woman was brought into the camp at Muskingum, with a babe about three months old at her breast. One of the Virginia volunteers soon knew he to be his wife, who had taken by the Indians six months before. He flew with her to his tent, and clothed her and his child in proper apparel. But her joy, after the first transports were soon dampened by the reflection that another dear child of about two years old, captivated with the mother, and separated from her, was still missing, although many children had been brought in. A few days afterward a number of other prisoners were brought in, and among them were several more Children. The woman was sent for, and one supposed to be hers was produced to her. At first sight she was uncertain, but viewing the child with great earnestness, she soon recollected its features, and was so overcome with joy, that, literally forgetting her sucking Child, she dropped it from her arms, and catching up the new found child in an ecstasy, clasped it to her breast, and bursting into tears, carried it off, unable to speak for joy. The father, seizing up the babe she had let fall, followed her in no less transport and affection. Among the children who had been carried off, and had long lived with the Indians, it is not to be expected that marks of joy would appear on being restored to their parents or relations. Having been accustomed to look upon the Indians as the only connections they had, having been tenderly treated by the, and speaking their language, it is no wonder that they considered their new state in the light of captivity, and parted from the savages with tears. But is must not be denied that there were even some grown persons who showed an unwillingness to return. The Shawanese were obliged to bind several of their prisoners, and force them along to the camp; and some women, who had been delivered up, afterwards found means to escape and run back to the Indians towns. Some, who could not make their escape, clung to their savage acquaintances at parting, and continued many days in bitter lamentations, even refusing sustenance. The following paragraph from the speech of the Shawanese chief, on delivering his prisoners, is strong proof of what is before observed, concerning their tenderness and affection for the captives whom they have preserved: "Father, says, he to the English, we have brought your flesh and blood to you; they have all been untied to us by adoption, and although we now deliver them up to you, we will always look upon them as our relations, whenever the Great Spirit is pleased that we may visit them. We have taken as much care of them as if they were our own flesh and blood. They are now become acquainted with your customs and [Page 7] manners, and therefore we request you will use them tenderly and kindly, which will induce them to live contentedly with you." Business now having been closed with the Indians, the army commenced its march on the 18th of November for Fort Pitt, and arrived there on the 28th. A few days afterwards Colonel Bouquet proceeded to Philadelphia, and from thence returned to England. In the ensuing spring, when the ninth of May, the time designated for holding the council for ratifying the treaty of peace, arrived, ten chiefs and about fifty warriors, accompanied by a large body of the Delaware, Seneca, Sandusky, and Muncy tribes, made their appearance at Fort Pitt, for the faithful fulfillment of their promises. They brought with them all the prisoners except a few, who they said were absent with their hunting parties - such as probably preferred a savage life. The Shawanese now, as well as the other nations, expresses their entire satisfaction as the treaty of peace. Their tone was completely changed, and they seemed indeed rejoiced in perfectly brightening "the chain of friendship." Peace was ratified, and the Indians returned to their homes in the wilderness; and the deserted hearth stones of the white inhabitants, upon the frontiers, were again revisited, and the wave of population began to move on westward.
Thus closed the memorable Kiyashuta and Pontiac war - one of short duration, but nevertheless productive of more distracting disquietude, and serious injury to the frontier settlements, than had been experienced during years of previous hostility. The peace that now ensued lasted until a short time prior to the revolution, and gave confidence and security to the pioneers of the west. It was during this period of quietude that emigration to the valley west of the Alleghenies, was permanently commenced, when the foundations were laid of great and powerful States, now holding a controlling influence in the American Union."
5. Mentioned as part of the 206 captives that crossed this area northwest of Pittsburg:<http://www.bchistory.org/beavercounty/BeaverCountyCommunities/Bridgewater/BridgewaterBooklet/Bridge.Site1.html>: Indian Trail Crossing of the Beaver River in Bridgewater, Beaver County, Pennsylvania. Situated as it is, at the mouth of the Beaver River as it flows into the broad Ohio River, it has been known as "The Stepping Stone" of the Indian Tribes in crossing over to the northern part of the great stream as the Ohio River is known. This was true during prehistoric times, as well as during the advent of the French and English Colonial Period. The settlement blossomed forth with the budding and operation of the Lake Erie to Ohio River Canal and reached the peak of its growth, population and importance during that brief interlude. There is some justification to the popular expression that "Bridgewater was the offspring" of the now all-but -forgotten canal. (Located at the foot of Wolf Lane, at the down-river end of Bridgewater Dyke, a few yards below the new Bridgewater-Rochester bridge.) Here was the crossing of the Beaver River by an old Indian Trail that ran along the north bank of the Ohio River from the "Forks of the Ohio" at Pittsburgh to the Indiana country. During the occupation of Fort Duquesne by the French Army, this path was known as "French-Way." A branch of this trail veered westward at the lower end of Beaver, passing out the Tuscarawas Road to Blackhawk, to Negley, Ohio and West Point, Ohio and then on to the Tuscarawas River in Ohio. It is from this river that it derived its name. On the Bridgewater shore of the crossing was a branch path, known as the "Sandusky Trail," which went northward up (lie Beaver River to the foot of Fallston Hill. There it veered westward and wended its way out the Old Darlington Road through Darlington, Enon Valley, Petersburg, Ohio and on to the Indian villages around Upper Sandusky in Ohio. A segment of this trail went straight up the Beaver River from the foot of Fallston Hill to Mahoningtown. There it turned westward, passed through Mt. Jackson to Petersburg, Ohio, where it joined the main trail. Captain Sam Brady used the Sandusky Trail on his scouting expeditions to upper Sandusky. Some of his noted exploits occurred along its path. Colonel Bouquet's Army crossed the Beaver River at this point while en route to the Muskingham River in Ohio to obtain the release of white captives held by the Indians in that area. The crossing took place on October 6, 1764. When Colonel Bouquet's Army returned from Ohio, it re-crossed the Beaver River here with 206 released white captives. This was the landing point for two river packets that made daily trips to Pittsburgh during the Canal Boat days. The starting point for a stage coach line that ran to Cleveland, Ohio was at the steam boat landing."
6. Miscellaneous references to the Col. Bouquet, a swiss born british officer and his freeing the captives:
A book on the subject of captives released by Col. Bouquet in 1765: Booth, Russell H., "The Tuscarawas Valley."
<http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/ohc/history/h_indian/events/bouqexpd.shtml>: "In 1763, Chief Pontiac of the Ottawa Indians successfully united together many of the tribes in the Ohio Country. His goal was to drive English settlers, traders, and soldiers from the Ohio Country. Pontiac's Rebellion, as it became known, was a direct result of the French and Indian War. In 1763, after England's victory in the war, the British government acquired all French colonies in North America. This created fear among the Ohio natives, especially because of the large and still growing number of English colonists in North America. While the French were in North America, the Indians could count on them for military assistance against the English as well as a steady supply of guns and ammunition thanks to the fur trade. With the French gone from North America, the natives' situation had become precarious at best. The first year of Pontiac's Rebellion went badly for the English. The Native Americans drove out most English people from the Ohio Country. England's two most important fortresses west of the Appalachian Mountains, Fort Detroit and Fort Pitt, nearly fell. The Indians successfully captured Fort Sandusky and murdered the entire garrison. Hundreds of other English colonists either died or were captured. In the autumn of 1764, the English military went on the offensive. Colonel Henry Bouquet, the commander of Fort Pitt, led a force of nearly 1,500 militiamen and regular soldiers from the fort into the heart of Ohio Country in October. Bouquet's force moved westward slowly. He had no intention of surprising the natives. He hoped to avoid battle altogether by convincing the Indians that they had no chance against the sizable number of British soldiers. Bouquet had every intention of destroying the native villages, especially those of the Delaware Indians and the Mingo Indians, in eastern Ohio unless they surrendered and agreed to all of the colonel's demands. On October 13, Bouquet's army reached the Tuscarawas River. Shortly
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Chris & Julie Petersen's Genealogy
Abt 1753 - 1844 (~ 91 years)